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List of software bugs
player resets the game or runs out of lives. " missingno. " is a glitch pokemon species present in pokemon red and blue, which can be encountered by performing a particular sequence of seemingly unrelated actions. capturing this pokemon may corrupt the game's data, according to nintendo and some ... | List of software bugs | wikipedia | 2,959 |
Hamiltonian mechanics
t. { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } \ mathrm { d } { \ mathcal { l } } = & \ sum _ { i } \ left ( { \ frac { \ partial { \ mathcal { l } } } { \ partial q ^ { i } } } \, \ mathrm { d } q ^ { i } + p _ { i } \ mathrm { d } { \ dot { q } } ^ { i } \ right ) + { \ frac { \ partial { \ mathcal ... | Hamiltonian mechanics | wikipedia | 1,801 |
Green's function number
}, s ) \, ds _ { 1 }. } the above identity follows immediately from taking g ( x, s ) { \ displaystyle g ( x, s ) } to be the representation of the right operator inverse of l { \ displaystyle l }, analogous to how for the invertible linear operator c { \ displaystyle c }, defined by c = ( a b ... | Green's function number | wikipedia | 3,759 |
Protein domain
structural biology structural classification of proteins ( scop ) cath protein structure classification database sequence motif structural motif = = references = = george, r. a. ( 2002 ) " predicting structural domains in proteins " thesis, university college london ( contributed by its author ). = = ke... | Protein domain | wikipedia | 2,931 |
Independent equation
guided by william rowan hamilton's analogy between mechanics and optics, encoded in the observation that the zero - wavelength limit of optics resembles a mechanical system — the trajectories of light rays become sharp tracks that obey fermat's principle, an analog of the principle of least action... | Independent equation | wikipedia | 1,635 |
Ackermann function
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) → a ( 3, a ( 3, a ( 3, a ( 2, a ( 0, a ( 0, a ( 0, 2 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) → a ( 3, a ( 3, a ( 3, a ( 2, a ( 0, a ( 0, 3 ) ) ) ) ) ) → a ( 3, a ( 3, a ( 3, a ( 2, a ( 0, 4 ) ) ) ) ) → a ( 3, a ( 3, a ( 3, a ( 2, 5 ) ) ) ) → a ( 3, a ( 3, a ( 3, 13 ) ) ) → a ( 3, a ( 3, 65533 ) ) → a ( 3, 2 6... | Ackermann function | wikipedia | 108 |
Generative adversarial network
} [ \ ln ( 1 - d ( x ) ) ] \ end { cases } } } now we use data augmentation by randomly sampling semantic - preserving transforms t : ω → ω { \ displaystyle t : \ omega \ to \ omega } and applying them to the dataset, to obtain the reformulated gan game : { min d l d ( d, μ g ) = − e x μ... | Generative adversarial network | wikipedia | 3,471 |
Tensor calculus
/ date incompatibility ( help ) borisenko, a. i. ; tarapov, i. e. ( 1979 ). vector and tensor analysis with applications ( 2nd ed. ). dover. isbn 0486638332. itskov, mikhail ( 2015 ). tensor algebra and tensor analysis for engineers : with applications to continuum mechanics ( 2nd ed. ). springer. isbn... | Tensor calculus | wikipedia | 2,164 |
Chimera (molecular biology)
common mechanism of chimera formation is that incomplete extension during the pcr results in partial sequence strands that can act as primers in subsequent pcr cycles on similar but non identical sequences. extension of such hybrid priming events causes the formation of chimeric sequences. ... | Chimera (molecular biology) | wikipedia | 2,298 |
Agnostic (data)
the entity synchronization layer. the field definitions and formatting can be stored in the entity synchronization layer with the data they are acting on. allows fields and formatting to change, without having to hardcode and compile programs. the data and formatting are then generated dynamically by t... | Agnostic (data) | wikipedia | 3,617 |
Whitehead's point-free geometry
thus can mereotopology unambiguously define a point. c is reflexive. c. 1. c1. c x x. { \ displaystyle \ cxx. } c is symmetric. c. 2. c2. c x y → c y x. { \ displaystyle cxy \ rightarrow cyx. } c is extensional. c. 11. c3. z [ c z x ↔ c z y ] → x = y. { \ displaystyle \ forall z [ czx \... | Whitehead's point-free geometry | wikipedia | 1,143 |
Discrete calculus
+ q ) { \ displaystyle ( p + q ) } - simplex and σ s, s ⊂ { 0, 1,..., p + q } { \ displaystyle \ sigma _ { s }, \ s \ subset \ { 0, 1,..., p + q \ } }, is the simplex spanned by s { \ displaystyle s } into the ( p + q ) { \ displaystyle ( p + q ) } - simplex whose vertices are indexed by { 0,..., p +... | Discrete calculus | wikipedia | 2,891 |
Homogeneous linear equation
0 - 470 - 43090 - 3 whitelaw, t. a. ( 1991 ), introduction to linear algebra ( 2nd ed. ), crc press, isbn 0 - 7514 - 0159 - 5 = = further reading = = axler, sheldon jay ( 1997 ). linear algebra done right ( 2nd ed. ). springer - verlag. isbn 0 - 387 - 98259 - 0. lay, david c. ( august 22, 2... | Homogeneous linear equation | wikipedia | 3,580 |
Machine learning in video games
new game map every time the game is launched. = = music generation = = music is often seen in video games and can be a crucial element for influencing the mood of different situations and story points. machine learning has seen use in the experimental field of music generation ; it is u... | Machine learning in video games | wikipedia | 3,791 |
Quantum process
computing : progress and prospects. washington, dc : the national academies press. doi : 10. 17226 / 25196. isbn 978 - 0 - 309 - 47970 - 7. oclc 1091904777. s2cid 125635007. mermin, n. david ( 2007 ). quantum computer science : an introduction. doi : 10. 1017 / cbo9780511813870. isbn 978 - 0 - 511 - 34... | Quantum process | wikipedia | 8 |
Recurrent evolution
" hotspots " within the genome often gives rise to recurrent evolution. hotspots can arise at certain nucleotide sequences because of interactions between the dna and dna repair, replication, and modification enzymes. these sequences can act like fingerprints to help researchers locate mutational h... | Recurrent evolution | wikipedia | 1,101 |
Three-wave equation
wave equation is u t t = c 2 ( u x x + u y y ). { \ displaystyle u _ { tt } = c ^ { 2 } \ left ( u _ { xx } + u _ { yy } \ right ). } we can use the three - dimensional theory to solve this problem if we regard u as a function in three dimensions that is independent of the third dimension. if u ( 0... | Three-wave equation | wikipedia | 2,633 |
Bio-based material
whether a material is biodegradable is determined by its chemical structure, not the origin of the material from which it is made. indeed, the sustainability benefits of drop - in biobased plastics occur at the beginning of the material life cycle, but still, when manufactured, their structure is id... | Bio-based material | wikipedia | 2,601 |
Fillet (mechanics)
pro ( formerly pro / engineer ) refers to rounded edges simply as rounds. other 3d solid modeling software programs outside of engineering, such as gamespace, have similar functions. = = see also = = welding = = notes = = = = external links = = welding fillets link missing | Fillet (mechanics) | wikipedia | 1,241 |
Platform engineering
site reliability engineering ) and platform engineering offer concrete methodologies and best practices to implement these principles in a structured manner. sre is primarily concerned with ensuring system reliability, performance, and scalability by applying software engineering principles to it ... | Platform engineering | wikipedia | 2,272 |
Machine Learning (journal)
pedro ( 22 september 2015 ). the master algorithm : how the quest for the ultimate learning machine will remake our world. basic books. isbn 978 - 0465065707. nilsson, nils ( 1998 ). artificial intelligence : a new synthesis. morgan kaufmann. isbn 978 - 1 - 55860 - 467 - 4. archived from the... | Machine Learning (journal) | wikipedia | 2,357 |
Pose (computer vision)
the object, in different poses, must be presented to the system during a learning phase. once the learning phase is completed, the system should be able to present an estimate of the object's pose given an image of the object. = = camera pose = = = = see also = = gesture recognition homography (... | Pose (computer vision) | wikipedia | 2,261 |
Fatigue (material)
978 - 0 - 947817 - 79 - 4. suresh, s. ( 2004 ). fatigue of materials. cambridge university press. isbn 978 - 0 - 521 - 57046 - 6. kim, h. s. ( 2018 ). mechanics of solids and fracture, 3rd ed. bookboon, london. isbn 978 - 87 - 403 - 2393 - 1. = = external links = = fatigue shawn m. kelly application... | Fatigue (material) | wikipedia | 3,806 |
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction
multiplex polymerase chain reaction ( multiplex pcr ) refers to the use of polymerase chain reaction to amplify several different dna sequences simultaneously ( as if performing many separate pcr reactions all together in one reaction ). this process amplifies dna in samples using m... | Multiplex polymerase chain reaction | wikipedia | 233 |
Retinoblastoma protein
. in addition, schwann cells, which provide essential support for the survival of neurons, travel with the neurites, extending farther than normal. the inhibition of prb supports the continued growth of nerve cells. = = interactions = = prb is known to interact with more than 300 proteins, some ... | Retinoblastoma protein | wikipedia | 3,387 |
Zero-point energy
becomes : a k λ ( r, t ) = 2 π c 2 ω k v [ a k λ ( 0 ) e i k ⋅ r + a k λ † ( 0 ) e − i k ⋅ r ] e k λ { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { a } _ { \ mathbf { k } \ lambda } ( \ mathbf { r }, t ) = { \ sqrt { \ frac { 2 \ pi \ hbar c ^ { 2 } } { \ omega _ { k } v } } } \ left [ a _ { \ mathbf { k } \ lambda } (... | Zero-point energy | wikipedia | 1,309 |
Network analyzer (electrical)
= = network analyzer verification kits = = many verification kits are available to verify the network analyzer is performing to specification. these typically consist of transmission lines with an air dielectric and attenuators. the keysight 85055a verification kit includes a 10 cm airlin... | Network analyzer (electrical) | wikipedia | 1,487 |
Ecological evolutionary developmental biology
the evolutionary synthesis and evolutionary biology. princeton, nj : princeton university press. isbn 978 - 0 - 691 - 03343 - 3. oclc 34411399. richardson ; keuck ( 2002 ). " haeckel's abc of evolution and development ". biological reviews of the cambridge philosophical so... | Ecological evolutionary developmental biology | wikipedia | 774 |
Data universalism
knowledge from the global south. colonialism, in this perspective, is understood as data colonialism which pressures but also exploits datafication on communities. global south and indigenous scholars claim that the decolonial lens which transcends to a eurocentric perspective adds value to critical ... | Data universalism | wikipedia | 433 |
Simply typed lambda calculus
##tt { int } } \ to { \ mathtt { int } } }, b o o l → b o o l { \ displaystyle { \ mathtt { bool } } \ to { \ mathtt { bool } } }, etc., which are all instances of the principal type α → α { \ displaystyle \ alpha \ to \ alpha } ). another alternative presentation of simply typed lambda ca... | Simply typed lambda calculus | wikipedia | 2,427 |
Quantum vortex
mathbf { v } \ cdot \, d \ mathbf { l } \ equiv { \ frac { 2 \ pi \ hbar } { m } } n \,. } = = london's flux quantization in a superconductor = = a principal property of superconductors is that they expel magnetic fields ; this is called the meissner effect. if the magnetic field becomes sufficiently st... | Quantum vortex | wikipedia | 3,992 |
Normal element
in mathematics, an element of a * - algebra is called normal if it commutates with its adjoint. = = definition = = let a { \ displaystyle { \ mathcal { a } } } be a * - algebra. an element a ∈ a { \ displaystyle a \ in { \ mathcal { a } } } is called normal if it commutes with a ∗ { \ displaystyle a ^ {... | Normal element | wikipedia | 132 |
Green's function number
if the kernel of l is non - trivial, then the green's function is not unique. however, in practice, some combination of symmetry, boundary conditions and / or other externally imposed criteria will give a unique green's function. green's functions may be categorized, by the type of boundary con... | Green's function number | wikipedia | 2,845 |
Adversarial machine learning
untargeted ) } } \ \ argmax _ { c } f ( x ^ { \ prime } ) = c ^ { * }, & { \ text { ( targeted ) } } \ end { cases } } } with this boundary function, the attack then follows an iterative algorithm to find adversarial examples x ′ { \ textstyle x ^ { \ prime } } for a given image x { \ text... | Adversarial machine learning | wikipedia | 1,927 |
Resource allocation (computer)
resource allocation is the process by which a computing system aims to meet the hardware requirements of an application run by it. computing, networking and energy resources must be optimised taking into account hardware, performance and environmental restrictions. this process may be un... | Resource allocation (computer) | wikipedia | 70 |
Justesen code
, c i n n. { \ displaystyle c _ { in } ^ { 1 }, \ cdots, c _ { in } ^ { n }. } suppose c o u t ( m 1 ) = ( c 1 1,, c n 1 ) c o u t ( m 2 ) = ( c 1 2,, c n 2 ) { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } c _ { out } ( m _ { 1 } ) & = \ left ( c _ { 1 } ^ { 1 }, \ cdots, c _ { n } ^ { 1 } \ right ) \ \ c _ { ou... | Justesen code | wikipedia | 596 |
Intrinsic DNA fluorescence
. 13826. pmid 37365765. markovitsi, dimitra ( 2024 ). " on the use of the intrinsic dna fluorescence for monitoring its damage : a contribution from fundamental studies ". acs omega. 9 ( 25 ) : 26826 – 26837. doi : 10. 1021 / acsomega. 4c02256. pmc 11209687. pmid 38947837. = = = book chapter... | Intrinsic DNA fluorescence | wikipedia | 3,101 |
Energy level splitting
easy to demonstrate mathematically and intuitively evident. but in cases where the choice of state basis is not determined by a coordinate system, and the perturbed hamiltonian is not diagonal, a level splitting may appear counter - intuitive, as in examples from chemistry below. = = examples = ... | Energy level splitting | wikipedia | 1,227 |
Quantum differential calculus
= = further reading = = connes, a. ( 1994 ), noncommutative geometry, academic press, isbn 0 - 12 - 185860 - x majid, s. ( 2002 ), a quantum groups primer, london mathematical society lecture note series, vol. 292, cambridge university press, doi : 10. 1017 / cbo9780511549892, isbn 978 - ... | Quantum differential calculus | wikipedia | 668 |
Domain driven data mining
domain driven data mining is a data mining methodology for discovering actionable knowledge and deliver actionable insights from complex data and behaviors in a complex environment. it studies the corresponding foundations, frameworks, algorithms, models, architectures, and evaluation systems... | Domain driven data mining | wikipedia | 1,243 |
Data generating process
in statistics and in empirical sciences, a data generating process is a process in the real world that " generates " the data one is interested in. this process encompasses the underlying mechanisms, factors, and randomness that contribute to the production of observed data. usually, scholars d... | Data generating process | wikipedia | 17 |
Actor-critic algorithm
{ \ theta } } }, then it can be learned by q - learning or sarsa. in sarsa, the critic maintains an estimate of the q - function, parameterized by { \ displaystyle \ phi }, denoted as q ( s, a ) { \ displaystyle q _ { \ phi } ( s, a ) }. the temporal difference error is then calculated as δ i = ... | Actor-critic algorithm | wikipedia | 1,416 |
Pupil function
fourier transform, a direct relationship exists between the pupil function and the optical transfer function. in the case of an incoherent optical imaging system, the optical transfer function is the auto correlation of the pupil function. = = examples = = = = = in focus = = = in a homogeneous medium, a... | Pupil function | wikipedia | 2,162 |
Computer architecture simulator
and repair flaws. the use of multi - core processors is driving the need for full system simulation, because it can be extremely difficult and time - consuming to recreate and debug errors without the controlled environment provided by virtual hardware. this also allows the software dev... | Computer architecture simulator | wikipedia | 3,019 |
History of chemical engineering
chemical bonds involved. the latter does contribute to this personality in no small measure, but to design and operate chemical reactors, a knowledge of characteristics such as rate behaviour, thermodynamics, single or multiphase nature, etc. are more important. the emergence of chemica... | History of chemical engineering | wikipedia | 554 |
Recombinant AAV mediated genome engineering
= applications = = to date, the use of raav mediated genome engineering has been published in over 2100 peer reviewed scientific journals. another emerging application of raav based genome editing is for gene therapy in patients, due to the accuracy and lack of off - target ... | Recombinant AAV mediated genome engineering | wikipedia | 2,368 |
Quantum graph
with air. studying dielectric modes that stay mostly in the dielectric gives rise to a pseudo - differential operator on the graph that follows the narrow interfaces. periodic quantum graphs like the lattice in r 2 { \ displaystyle { \ mathbb { r } } ^ { 2 } } are common models of periodic systems and qu... | Quantum graph | wikipedia | 643 |
Frame (linear algebra)
p, e k ⟩ { \ displaystyle m _ { k, p } = \ langle \ mathbf { s } ^ { - 1 } \ mathbf { e } _ { p }, \ mathbf { e } _ { k } \ rangle }. as such, the above equation is also referred to as the reproducing kernel equation and expresses the redundancy of frame coefficients. = = special cases = = = = =... | Frame (linear algebra) | wikipedia | 3,954 |
Evolutionary biology
of different genes, what do the genes do, and what changes happen to them ( e. g., point mutations vs. gene duplication or even genome duplication ). they try to reconcile the high heritability seen in twin studies with the difficulty in finding which genes are responsible for this heritability us... | Evolutionary biology | wikipedia | 2,803 |
Sensorimotor network
the sensorimotor network ( smn ), also known as somatomotor network, is a large - scale brain network that primarily includes somatosensory ( postcentral gyrus ) and motor ( precentral gyrus ) regions and extends to the supplementary motor areas ( sma ). the auditory cortex may also be included, a... | Sensorimotor network | wikipedia | 663 |
XOR swap algorithm
} 0 & 1 \ \ 1 & 0 \ end { pmatrix } } } = = application to register allocation = = on architectures lacking a dedicated swap instruction, because it avoids the extra temporary register, the xor swap algorithm is required for optimal register allocation. this is particularly important for compilers u... | XOR swap algorithm | wikipedia | 3,090 |
Nonnegative rank (linear algebra)
consider a linear homogeneous relation involving these vectors with scalar coefficients c1, c2, …, cr : 0 = c 1 a x 1 + c 2 a x 2 + + c r a x r = a ( c 1 x 1 + c 2 x 2 + + c r x r ) = a v, { \ displaystyle 0 = c _ { 1 } a \ mathbf { x } _ { 1 } + c _ { 2 } a \ mathbf { x } _ { 2 } + \... | Nonnegative rank (linear algebra) | wikipedia | 2,019 |
Hamiltonian mechanics
- probability distributions, but, at the mere poisson bracket classical setting, also provides more power in helping analyze the relevant conserved quantities in a system. = = see also = = = = references = = = = further reading = = = = external links = = binney, james j., classical mechanics ( le... | Hamiltonian mechanics | wikipedia | 470 |
Effect algebra
\ perp ( b \ oplus c ) } as well as ( a ⊕ b ) ⊕ c = a ⊕ ( b ⊕ c ), { \ displaystyle ( a \ oplus b ) \ oplus c = a \ oplus ( b \ oplus c ), } orthosupplementation : a a ′ { \ displaystyle a \ perp a'} and a ⊕ a ′ = 1 { \ displaystyle a \ oplus a'= 1 }, and if a b { \ displaystyle a \ perp b } such that a... | Effect algebra | wikipedia | 1,622 |
Run-time algorithm specialization
a compact specialized representation a ′ { \ displaystyle a ^ { \ prime } } for every a { \ displaystyle a }, that can be stored with, or instead of, a { \ displaystyle a }. we also define a variant a l g ′ { \ displaystyle { \ mathit { alg } } ^ { \ prime } } that works on this repre... | Run-time algorithm specialization | wikipedia | 3,692 |
Ricci calculus
may be repeated ( without adding further commas ) : a α 1 α 2 α p, α p + 1 α q = ∂ ∂ x α q ∂ ∂ x α p + 2 ∂ ∂ x α p + 1 a α 1 α 2 α p. { \ displaystyle a _ { \ alpha _ { 1 } \ alpha _ { 2 } \ cdots \ alpha _ { p } \,, \, \ alpha _ { p + 1 } \ cdots \ alpha _ { q } } = { \ dfrac { \ partial } { \ partial ... | Ricci calculus | wikipedia | 2,797 |
Contribution of epigenetic modifications to evolution
to newly arising selection pressures. = = lamarckism = = lamarckism supposes that species acquire characteristics to deal with challenges experienced during their lifetimes, and that such accumulations are then passed to their offspring. in modern terms, this trans... | Contribution of epigenetic modifications to evolution | wikipedia | 2,040 |
Transposable element
those with the insert had a more stable development, which resulted in higher developmental uniformity. these three experiments all demonstrated different ways in which te insertions can be advantageous or disadvantageous, through means of regulating the expression level of adjacent genes. the fie... | Transposable element | wikipedia | 1,141 |
Calibrated probability assessment
- or under - confidence. since subjects are better at placing odds when they pretend to bet money, subjects are taught how to convert calibration questions into a type of betting game which is shown to improve their subjective probabilities. various collaborative methods have been dev... | Calibrated probability assessment | wikipedia | 1,444 |
Stamped circuit board
a stamped circuit board ( scb ) is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non - conductive substrate. this technology is used for small circuits, for instance in the product... | Stamped circuit board | wikipedia | 1,026 |
Protein biosynthesis
= external links = = a more advanced video detailing the different types of post - translational modifications and their chemical structures a useful video visualising the process of converting dna to protein via transcription and translation video visualising the process of protein folding from t... | Protein biosynthesis | wikipedia | 1,071 |
Dynamic equilibrium (chemistry)
3 cooh − − ch 3 coo − + h + { \ displaystyle { \ ce { ch3cooh < = > ch3coo - + h + } } } at equilibrium the concentration quotient, k, the acid dissociation constant, is constant ( subject to some conditions ) k c = [ c h 3 c o 2 − ] [ h + ] [ c h 3 c o 2 h ] { \ displaystyle k _ { c } ... | Dynamic equilibrium (chemistry) | wikipedia | 3,472 |
Manav (robot)
manav ( sanskrit : मानव, pronounced " maanav " / mɑnʌv, meaning " human " ) is a humanoid robot developed in the laboratory of a - set training and research institutes by diwakar vaish ( head of robotics and research, a - set training and research institutes ) in late december 2014. it debuted at the iit... | Manav (robot) | wikipedia | 2,125 |
List of countries by stem cell research trials
this is a list of countries by stem cell research trials for the purpose of commercializing treatments as of june 2020, using data from clinicaltrials. gov. = = references = = | List of countries by stem cell research trials | wikipedia | 3,905 |
Schoof's algorithm
= 2 { \ bar { q } } p }. and consequently that t 2 q ≡ ( 2 q ) 2 ( mod l ) { \ displaystyle { \ bar { t } } ^ { 2 } { \ bar { q } } \ equiv ( 2q ) ^ { 2 } { \ pmod { l } } }. this implies that q is a square modulo l. let q ≡ w 2 ( mod l ) { \ displaystyle q \ equiv w ^ { 2 } { \ pmod { l } } }. comp... | Schoof's algorithm | wikipedia | 697 |
Protein moonlighting
antibiotic resistance against ciprofloxacin from overexpression of glutamate racemase in vivo. gapdh localized to the surface of pathogenic mycobacteriea has been shown to capture and traffic the mammalian iron carrier protein transferrin into cells resulting in iron acquisition by the pathogen. =... | Protein moonlighting | wikipedia | 3,014 |
Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
in quantum mechanics, the hamiltonian of a system is an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system, including both kinetic energy and potential energy. its spectrum, the system's energy spectrum or its set of energy eigenvalues, is the set of possible outcomes obtainable ... | Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics) | wikipedia | 3,680 |
Network controllability
network controllability concerns the structural controllability of a network. controllability describes our ability to guide a dynamical system from any initial state to any desired final state in finite time, with a suitable choice of inputs. this definition agrees well with our intuitive noti... | Network controllability | wikipedia | 3,277 |
Darboux differential equation
\ displaystyle 1 \ leqslant i \ leqslant p } are found. let m = max ( deg m, deg l, deg n ) { \ displaystyle m = \ max ( \ deg m, \ deg l, \ deg n ) }. = = = = case 1. = = = = if p 1 2 m ( m + 1 ) + 2 { \ displaystyle p \ geqslant { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } m ( m + 1 ) + 2 }, the general solu... | Darboux differential equation | wikipedia | 1,692 |
Edmonds' algorithm
in graph theory, edmonds'algorithm or chu – liu / edmonds'algorithm is an algorithm for finding a spanning arborescence of minimum weight ( sometimes called an optimum branching ). it is the directed analog of the minimum spanning tree problem. the algorithm was proposed independently first by yoeng... | Edmonds' algorithm | wikipedia | 1,879 |
Fast folding algorithm
as popularised by seti @ home and astropulse. it was also used by the breakthrough listen initiative during their 2023 investigation for periodic spectral signals campaign. = = see also = = pulsar = = references = = = = external links = = the search for unknown pulsars | Fast folding algorithm | wikipedia | 2,058 |
Mask generation function
a mgf is to iteratively apply a hash function together with an incrementing counter value. the counter may be incremented indefinitely to yield new output blocks until a sufficient amount of output is collected. this is the approach used in mgf1. = = = mgf1 = = = mgf1 is a mask generation func... | Mask generation function | wikipedia | 1,998 |
Quantum graph
the spectrum is the same as that of the set of disconnected edges. more interesting self - adjoint matching conditions that allow interaction between edges are the neumann or natural matching conditions. a function f { \ displaystyle f } in the domain of the operator is continuous everywhere on the graph... | Quantum graph | wikipedia | 3,118 |
Institute of Evolutionary Biology
ciutadella park. the mercat del peix project will involve the construction of three new buildings, which will house the institute of evolutionary biology ( ibe ), the barcelona institute of science and technology ( bist ) and a new complex at the pompeu fabra university ( upf ). these... | Institute of Evolutionary Biology | wikipedia | 3,356 |
Kernel (linear algebra)
significant result. as the computation of the kernel of a matrix is a special instance of solving a homogeneous system of linear equations, the kernel may be computed with any of the various algorithms designed to solve homogeneous systems. a state of the art software for this purpose is the la... | Kernel (linear algebra) | wikipedia | 1,557 |
High injury network
a high injury network ( sometimes shortened to hin ) is a way of identifying parts of an urban street network with higher rates of traffic injuries or fatalities, typically with a goal of prioritizing these streets for safety interventions. high injury networks have been published by many cities in... | High injury network | wikipedia | 2,650 |
Control engineering
ifac symposium, theory of self - adaptive control systems. plenum press. pp. 19 – 27. bennett, stuart ( june 1986 ). a history of control engineering, 1800 - 1930. iet. isbn 978 - 0 - 86341 - 047 - 5. bennett, stuart ( 1993 ). a history of control engineering, 1930 - 1955. iet. isbn 978 - 0 - 86341... | Control engineering | wikipedia | 3,997 |
International Software Testing Qualifications Board
requisite ; any advanced level specialist or expert level specialist module which is linked to a lower level specialist module shall require certification at the lower level ; expert level modules shall require certification at the corresponding advanced level ; any ... | International Software Testing Qualifications Board | wikipedia | 2,627 |
Integral element
[ f 1, …, f n ] { \ displaystyle k [ f _ { 1 }, \ ldots, f _ { n } ] } for a regular sequence ( f 1, …, f n ) { \ displaystyle ( f _ { 1 }, \ ldots, f _ { n } ) }? ] | Integral element | wikipedia | 4,049 |
Routhian mechanics
i. { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { p } \ cdot { \ dot { \ mathbf { q } } } = \ sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } p _ { i } { \ dot { q } } _ { i } \,. } = = equations of motion = = for reference, the euler - lagrange equations for s degrees of freedom are a set of s coupled second order ordinary differential equa... | Routhian mechanics | wikipedia | 1,175 |
Exterior calculus identities
_ { 1 }, \ ldots, x _ { k - 1 } ) = - \ sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } ( \ iota _ { e _ { i } } ( \ nabla _ { e _ { i } } \ alpha ) ) ( x _ { 1 }, \ ldots, { \ hat { x } } _ { i }, \ ldots, x _ { k } ) } given a positively oriented orthonormal frame e 1, …, e n { \ displaystyle e _ { 1 }, \ ldots... | Exterior calculus identities | wikipedia | 3,032 |
Automated machine learning
##tream / 1822 / 74125 / 1 / automl _ ijcnn. pdf feurer, m., klein, a., eggensperger, k., springenberg, j., blum, m., & hutter, f. ( 2015 ). efficient and robust automated machine learning. advances in neural information processing systems, 28. https : / / proceedings. neurips. cc / paper _ ... | Automated machine learning | wikipedia | 2,409 |
Primer (molecular biology)
- dimers, lowering the efficiency of the desired reaction. primers that are able to anneal to themselves can form internal hairpins and loops that hinder hybridization with the template dna. when designing primers, additional nucleotide bases can be added to the back ends of each primer, res... | Primer (molecular biology) | wikipedia | 2,795 |
Cover (algebra)
in abstract algebra, a cover is one instance of some mathematical structure mapping onto another instance, such as a group ( trivially ) covering a subgroup. this should not be confused with the concept of a cover in topology. when some object x is said to cover another object y, the cover is given by ... | Cover (algebra) | wikipedia | 1,855 |
EM algorithm and GMM model
( z ^ { ( i ) } = l ; \ phi \ right ) } } } according to gmm setting, these following formulas are obtained : p ( x ( i ) | z ( i ) = j ; μ, σ ) = 1 ( 2 π ) n / 2 | σ j | 1 / 2 exp ( − 1 2 ( x ( i ) − μ j ) t σ j − 1 ( x ( i ) − μ j ) ) { \ displaystyle p \ left ( x ^ { ( i ) } | z ^ { ( i )... | EM algorithm and GMM model | wikipedia | 220 |
Lasso (statistics)
##tyle \ min _ { \ beta \ in \ mathbb { r } ^ { p } } \ left \ { { \ frac { 1 } { n } } \ left \ | y - x \ beta \ right \ | _ { 2 } ^ { 2 } + \ lambda \ | \ beta \ | _ { 1 } \ right \ } } where the exact relationship between t { \ displaystyle t } and λ { \ displaystyle \ lambda } is data dependent.... | Lasso (statistics) | wikipedia | 116 |
Geometrical optics
arabic, about geometrical optics, dating from the 16th century. theory of systems of rays – w. r. hamilton in transactions of the royal irish academy, vol. xv, 1828. = = = english translations of some early books and papers = = = h. bruns, " das eikonal " m. malus, " optique " j. plucker, " discussi... | Geometrical optics | wikipedia | 1,706 |
FKT algorithm
the m - by - n rectangle. this is equivalent to counting the number of perfect matchings for the m - by - n lattice graph. by 1967, kasteleyn had generalized this result to all planar graphs. = = algorithm = = = = = explanation = = = the main insight is that every non - zero term in the pfaffian of the a... | FKT algorithm | wikipedia | 3,319 |
Leiden algorithm
. each edge is connected to two vertices, and each vertex may be connected to zero or more edges. edges are typically represented by straight lines, while nodes are represented by circles or points. in set notation, let v { \ displaystyle v } be the set of vertices, and e { \ displaystyle e } be the s... | Leiden algorithm | wikipedia | 3,194 |
Kinetic-segregation model of T cell activation
contact zone and thus the signal generated in the case of a conventional antibody is weaker. immobilized superagonistic antibodies bound to cd28 exclude cd45 phosphatases completely and the signal leading to t - cell activation is stronger. = = = further applications = = ... | Kinetic-segregation model of T cell activation | wikipedia | 1,418 |
Schwinger–Dyson equation
{ φ ( x 0 ) φ ( x 1 ) } ψ ⟩ = i d ( x 0, x 1 ) + λ 3! d d x 2 d ( x 0, x 2 ) ⟨ ψ t { φ ( x 1 ) φ ( x 2 ) φ ( x 2 ) φ ( x 2 ) } ψ ⟩ { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } & \ langle \ psi \ mid { \ mathcal { t } } \ { \ varphi ( x _ { 0 } ) \ varphi ( x _ { 1 } ) \ } \ mid \ psi \ rangle \ \ [ ... | Schwinger–Dyson equation | wikipedia | 3,634 |
Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
\ frac { \ mathbf { \ hat { p } } \ cdot \ mathbf { \ hat { p } } } { 2m } } = { \ frac { { \ hat { p } } ^ { 2 } } { 2m } } = - { \ frac { \ hbar ^ { 2 } } { 2m } } \ nabla ^ { 2 }, } is the kinetic energy operator in which m { \ displaystyle m } is the mass of the particle, the dot de... | Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics) | wikipedia | 1,274 |
Independent equation
quantum mechanics. such descriptions may use time evolution generated by a hamiltonian operator, as in the schrodinger functional method. = = = klein – gordon and dirac equations = = = attempts to combine quantum physics with special relativity began with building relativistic wave equations from ... | Independent equation | wikipedia | 1,757 |
Independent equation
= 1, 2, 3 } ( used in the context of the hje ) can be set to the position in cartesian coordinates as r = ( q 1, q 2, q 3 ) = ( x, y, z ) { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { r } = ( q _ { 1 }, q _ { 2 }, q _ { 3 } ) = ( x, y, z ) }. substituting ψ = ρ ( r, t ) e i s ( r, t ) / { \ displaystyle \ psi = { \... | Independent equation | wikipedia | 2,606 |
Breit equation
j } } { 2r _ { ij } m _ { i } m _ { j } c ^ { 2 } } } \ left [ \ mathbf { \ hat { p } } _ { i } \ cdot \ mathbf { \ hat { p } } _ { j } + { \ frac { ( \ mathbf { r _ { ij } } \ cdot \ mathbf { \ hat { p } } _ { i } ) ( \ mathbf { r _ { ij } } \ cdot \ mathbf { \ hat { p } } _ { j } ) } { r _ { ij } ^ { ... | Breit equation | wikipedia | 2,593 |
Pwo DNA polymerase
pwo polymerase is a thermostable dna polymerase used for the polymerase chain reaction. the abbreviation stands for pyrococcus woesei, a thermophilic archaeon, from which this polymerase was isolated. this polymerase breaks when reaching erroneous uracil in dna from the chain extension and, through ... | Pwo DNA polymerase | wikipedia | 519 |
Global Finance & Technology Network
global finance & technology network ( gftn ) ( formerly elevandi ) is created by monetary authority of singapore ( mas ) to serve expanding singapore's fintech ecosystem globally. gftn will focus on four business lines – organising fintech festivals, providing advisory and research ... | Global Finance & Technology Network | wikipedia | 332 |
Primitive recursive function
. ( 1967 ), " a reduction of the recursion scheme ", the journal of symbolic logic, 32 ( 4 ) : 505 – 508, doi : 10. 2307 / 2270177, jstor 2270177, mr 0224460 gladstone, m. d. ( 1971 ), " simplifications of the recursion scheme ", the journal of symbolic logic, 36 ( 4 ) : 653 – 665, doi : 1... | Primitive recursive function | wikipedia | 1,031 |
Memory-hard function
passwords against a leaked database of hashed passwords without significantly increasing the computation time for legitimate users. = = measuring memory hardness = = there are various ways to measure the memory hardness of a function. one commonly seen measure is cumulative memory complexity ( cmc... | Memory-hard function | wikipedia | 1,826 |
Quantum mechanical scattering of photon and nucleus
in pair production, a photon creates an electron positron pair. in the process of photons scattering in air ( e. g. in lightning discharges ), the most important interaction is the scattering of photons at the nuclei of atoms or molecules. the full quantum mechanical... | Quantum mechanical scattering of photon and nucleus | wikipedia | 1,221 |
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