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Licenses All Python releases are Open Source . Historically, most, but not all, Python releases have also been GPL-compatible. The Licenses page details GPL-compatibility and Terms and Conditions. Read more Sources For most Unix systems, you must download and compile the source code. The same source code archive can also be used to build the Windows and Mac versions, and is the starting point for ports to all other platforms. Download the latest Python 3 source. Read more Alternative implementations This site hosts the "traditional" implementation of Python (nicknamed CPython). A number of alternative implementations are available as well. Read more History Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting Mathematisch Centrum in the Netherlands as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python’s principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. Read more Release schedules Python 3.15 release schedule Python 3.14 release schedule Python 3.13 release schedule Python 3.12 release schedule Python 3.11 release schedule Python 3.10 release schedule Python 3.9 release schedule See Status of Python versions for all an overview of all versions, including unsupported. Information about specific ports, and developer info Windows macOS Android Other platforms Source Python developer's guide Python issue tracker How to verify your downloaded files are genuine Sigstore verification Starting with the Python 3.11.0 , Python 3.10.7 , and Python 3.9.14 releases, CPython release artifacts are signed with Sigstore. See our dedicated Sigstore Information page for how it works. OpenPGP verification Python versions before 3.14 are also signed using OpenPGP private keys of the respective release manager. In this case, verification through the release manager's public key is also possible. See our dedicated OpenPGP Verification page for how it works. See PEP 761 for why OpenPGP key verification was dropped in Python 3.14. Windows (Updated for Azure Trusted Signing, which applies for all releases chronologically from 3.14.0a1) The Windows installers and all binaries produced as part of each Python release are signed using an Authenticode signing certificate issued to the Python Software Foundation. This can be verified by viewing the properties of any executable file, looking at the Digital Signatures tab, and confirming the name of the signer. Our full certificate subject is CN = Python Software Foundation, O = Python Software Foundation, L = Beaverton, S = Oregon, C = US and as of 14th October 2024 the certificate authority is Microsoft Identity Verification Root Certificate Authority . Our previous certificates were issued by DigiCert . Note that some executables may not be signed, notably, the default pip command. These are not built as part of Python, but are included from third-party libraries. Files that are intended to be modified before use cannot be signed and so will not have a signature. macOS installer packages Installer packages for Python on macOS downloadable from python.org are signed with with an Apple Developer ID Installer certificate. As of Python 3.11.4 and 3.12.0b1 (2023-05-23), release installer packages are signed with certificates issued to the Python Software Foundation (Apple Developer ID BMM5U3QVKW ). Installer packages for previous releases were signed with certificates issued to Ned Deily ( DJ3H93M7VJ ). Other useful items Looking for third-party Python modules ? The Python Package Index has many of them. You can view the standard documentation online, or you can download it in HTML, EPUB and other formats. See the main Documentation page. Tip : even if you download a ready-made binary for your platform, it makes sense to also download the source . This lets you browse the standard library (the subdirectory Lib ) and the standard collections of tools ( Tools ) that come with it. There's a lot you can learn from the source! Want to contribute? Want to contribute? 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Flo Posted on Jan 12 I tried to capture system audio in the browser. Here's what I learned. # webdev # javascript # learning # api I'm building LiveSuggest, a real-time AI assistant that listens to your meetings and gives you suggestions as you talk. Simple idea, right? Turns out, capturing audio from a browser tab is... complicated. The good news Chrome and Edge support it. You use getDisplayMedia , the same API for screen sharing, but with an audio option: const stream = await navigator . mediaDevices . getDisplayMedia ({ video : true , audio : { systemAudio : ' include ' } }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The user picks a tab to share, checks "Share tab audio", and boom — you get the audio stream. Works great for Zoom, Teams, Meet, whatever runs in a browser tab. The bad news Firefox? Implements getDisplayMedia but completely ignores the audio part. No error, no warning. You just... don't get audio. Safari? Same story. The API exists, audio doesn't. Mobile browsers? None of them support it. iOS, Android, doesn't matter. So if you're building something that needs system audio, you're looking at Chrome/Edge desktop only. That's maybe 60-65% of your potential users. What I ended up doing I detect the browser upfront and show a clear message: "Firefox doesn't support system audio capture for meetings. Use Chrome or Edge for this feature. Microphone capture is still available." No tricks, no workarounds. Just honesty. Users appreciate knowing why something doesn't work rather than wondering if they did something wrong. For Firefox/Safari users, the app falls back to microphone-only mode. It's not ideal for capturing both sides of a conversation, but it's better than nothing. The annoying details A few things that wasted my time so they don't waste yours: You have to request video. Even if you only want audio. video: true is mandatory. I immediately stop the video track after getting the stream, but you can't skip it. The "Share tab audio" checkbox is easy to miss. Chrome shows it in the sharing dialog, but it's not checked by default. If your user doesn't check it, you get a stream with zero audio tracks. No error, just silence. The stream can die anytime. User clicks "Stop sharing" in Chrome's toolbar? Your stream ends. You need to listen for the ended event and handle it gracefully. Was it worth it? Absolutely. For the browsers that support it, capturing tab audio is a game-changer. You can build things that weren't possible before — meeting assistants, live translators, accessibility tools. Just go in knowing that you'll spend time on browser detection and fallbacks. That's the web in 2025. If you're curious about what I built, check out LiveSuggest . And if you've found better workarounds for Firefox/Safari, I'd love to hear about them in the comments. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Flo Follow Joined Jan 12, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/johnstonlogan/react-hooks-barney-style-1hk7 | useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Logan Johnston Posted on Sep 1, 2020 • Edited on Sep 9, 2020 useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays # react # hook # codenewbie # beginners The purpose of this article is to break down the use of the useState() React hook in an easy way using strings, objects, and arrays. We will also take a look at how these would be handled in class components. Disclaimer - I would normally create an onChange function separately but I find it easier to understand with an inline function. What is the setState function? The setState function is used to handle the state object in a React class component. This is something you will see a lot of in the examples below. Anytime you see a this.setState() this is how we are setting the state in a class component. What is a hook in React? React hooks were introduced in React v16.8. They allow you to use state and other React features without the need to create a class. Examples: Class component Functional component While these two code snippets look similar they do have slight differences in syntax, lifecycle methods, and state management. setState() vs useState() - Strings. setState() Class Component Using state in a class component requires the building of a state object. This state object is then modified by calling this.setState("new state"). In this example, we've created a state = { value: '' } object which has a value key and that key is initialized as an empty string. We've assigned an onChange event to the input so that every time we add or remove a character to the input we are calling the this.setState() . Here we areupdating the state using the value of the input ( e.target.value ) and setting it to the components state. useState() Functional Component With a functional component, we can use React hooks, specifically the useState() hook. This simplifies the creation of a state component and the function that updates it. We import {useState} from React and we are able to simply create a state and a function to set that state (state: value , setState: setValue ). The initial state of this component is set when calling useState , in this example, we are setting it to an empty string ( useState("") ). The only difference between the functional component and the class component at this point is instead of calling this.setState we use the function we created in the useState , in this case, setValue . setState() vs useState() - Objects. setState() Class Component Since state in a class component is already an object, it's business as usual. Use setState to populate the values of the state object. With the example above the users userName and email is stored in the state similar to the string version we talked about above. useState() Functional Component When we want to use the useState hook for an object we are going to initialize it to an empty object useState({}) . In this example, we are using the same setValue that we did in the string example but we've added a few things to our setValue function. First, we use the spread syntax to expand the current value before we add a new key-value pair. Second, we dynamically set the key using [e.target.name] , in this case, we are creating the key using the input's "name" attribute. Lastly, we are setting that key's value to the e.target.value . So after using the inputs we have an object with two keys {userName: "", email: ""} and their values. Creating an object could also be accomplished using multiple useState hooks and then bundling them into an object later if needed. See the example below. Note: I have my own preference for how to deal with objects while using hooks, and as you get more familiar you may find you enjoy either the class or functional component more than the other. setState() vs useState() - Arrays. Using arrays in stateful components can be extremely powerful, especially when creating things like a todo list. In these examples, we will be creating a very simple todo list. setState() Class Component When using an array in a stateful class component we need at least two keys in our state object. One would be the array itself todoArr: [] and the other would be the value that we are going to be pushing into the array todo: "" . In this example, we use the onChange attribute for our input to set the todo in our state object. We then have our Add Item button which when clicked will call our addItem function. In the addItem function we are going to create a list variable which is is an array that spreads the current todoArr and then adds the new todo item to the end of it. After creating the list array we use the setState function to replace the current todoArr with the new one and then set the todo back to an empty string to clear the input. Lastly at the bottom, we map through the current todoArr . The setState function will cause the component to rerender so every time you add an item it is immediately rendered onto the page. useState() Functional Component Dealing with the hooks in a function component seems extremely similar to the class component. We use the setTodo function to set our todo value in the onChange attribute of our input. We then have the same addItem function attached to the click of our Add Item button. The only difference we see here is that we don't create a list variable to pass into the hook. We could have avoided this in the class component but I think the readability when using the variable is much better. With the hook, I don't think the use of creating the list array beforehand is needed. We can spread the current array, add the new item, and then set the current todo back to an empty string so we can clear the input. Conclusion While using functional components with hooks is the new hotness, the state management is still very similar to the class components. If you're looking to start using function components with hooks over class components hopefully this post has helped you understand a little bit more about how to implement them. Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand forthebest forthebest forthebest Follow Joined Dec 26, 2020 • Feb 11 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide thanks Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand kevhines kevhines kevhines Follow A programmer first, then ran a comedy school for the UCB theater, now a programmer again. Location Maplewood, NJ Joined Jan 15, 2021 • Jan 18 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide very clear! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Logan Johnston Follow Full Stack Developer - React - Nodejs - Postgresql | USN Veteran | Web Design and Development Student Location San Diego, CA Joined Jun 29, 2020 Trending on DEV Community Hot How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning From CDN to Pixel: A React App's Journey # react # programming # webdev # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/eachampagne/websockets-with-socketio-5edp | Websockets with Socket.IO - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse eachampagne Posted on Jan 12 Websockets with Socket.IO # javascript # node # webdev # networking This post contains a flashing gif. HTTP requests have taken me pretty far, but I’m starting to run into their limits. How do I tell a client that the server updated at midnight, and it needs to fetch the newest data? How do I notify one user when another user makes a post? In short, how do I get information to the client without it initiating the request? Websockets One possible solution is to use websockets , which establish a persistent connection between the client and server. This will allow us to send data to the client when we want to, without waiting for the client’s next request. Websockets have their own protocol (though the connection is initiated with HTTP requests) and are language-agnostic. We could, if we wanted, implement a websocket client and its corresponding server from scratch or with Deno … or we could use one of the libraries that’s already done the hard work for us. I’ve used Socket.IO in a previous project, so we’ll go with that. I enjoyed working with it before, and it even has the advantage of a fallback in case the websocket fails. Colorsocket For immediate visual feedback, we’ll make a small demo where any one client can affect the colors displayed on all. Each client on the /color endpoint has a slider to control one primary color, plus a button to invert all the other /color clients. (The server assigns a color in order to each client when the client connects, so you just have to refresh a few times until you get all three colors. I did make sure duplicate colors would work in sync, however.) The /admin user can turn primary colors on or off. Here’s the app in action: The clients aren’t all constantly making requests to the server. How do they know to update? Establishing Connections When each client runs its <script> , it creates a new socket, which opens a connection to the server. // color.html const socket = io ( ' /color ' ); // we’ll come back to the argument Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The script then assigns handlers on the new socket for the various events we expect to receive from the server: // color.html socket . on ( ' assign-color ' , ( color , colorSettings , activeSettings ) => { document . getElementById ( ' color-name ' ). innerText = color ; controllingColor = color ; currentBackground = colorSettings ; active = activeSettings ; colorSlider . disabled = ! active [ controllingColor ]; document . getElementById ( ' active ' ). innerText = active [ controllingColor ] ? ' active ' : ' inactive ' ; colorSlider . value = colorSettings [ controllingColor ]; updateBackground (); }); socket . on ( ' set-color ' , ( color , value ) => { currentBackground [ color ] = value ; if ( controllingColor === color ) { colorSlider . value = value ; } updateBackground (); }); socket . on ( ' invert ' , () => { inverted = ! inverted ; document . getElementById ( ' inverted ' ). innerText = inverted ? '' : ' not ' ; updateBackground (); }); socket . on ( ' toggle-active ' , ( color ) => { active [ color ] = ! active [ color ]; if ( controllingColor === color ) { colorSlider . disabled = ! active [ color ]; } document . getElementById ( ' active ' ). innerText = active [ controllingColor ] ? ' active ' : ' inactive ' ; updateBackground (); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, the server detects the new connection. It assigns the client a color, sends that color and current state of the application to the client, and sets up its own handlers for events received through the socket: // index.js colorNamespace . on ( ' connection ' , ( socket ) => { const color = colors [ colorCount % 3 ]; // pick the next color in the list, then loop colorCount ++ ; socket . emit ( ' assign-color ' , color , colorSettings , activeSettings ); // synchronize the client with the application state socket . data . color = color ; // you can save information to a socket’s data key, but I didn’t end up using this for anything socket . on ( ' set-color ' , ( color , value ) => { colorSettings [ color ] = value ; colorNamespace . emit ( ' set-color ' , color , value ); }); socket . on ( ' invert ' , () => { socket . broadcast . emit ( ' invert ' ); }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The /admin page follows similar setup. Sending Information to the Client Let’s follow how user interaction on one page changes all the others. When a user on the blue page moves the slider, the slider emits a change event, which is caught by the slider’s event listener: // color.html colorSlider . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { socket . emit ( ' set-color ' , controllingColor , event . target . value ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode That event listener emits a new set-color event with the color and new value. The server receives the client’s set-color , then emits its own to transmit that data to all clients. Each client receives the message and updates its blue value accordingly. Broadcasting to Other Sockets But clicking the “Invert others” button affects the other /color users, but not the user who actually clicked the button! The key here is the broadcast flag when the server receives and retransmits the invert message: // server.js socket . on ( ' invert ' , () => { socket . broadcast . emit ( ' invert ' ); // broadcast }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This flag means that that the server will send the event to every socket except the one it’s called on. Here this is just a neat trick, but in practice, it might be useful to avoid sending a post to the user who originally wrote it, because their client already has that information. Namespaces You may have noticed that the admin tab isn’t changing color with the other three. For simplicity, I didn’t set up any handlers for the admin page. But even if I had, they wouldn’t do anything, because the admin socket isn’t receiving those events at all. This is because the admin tab is in a different namespace . // color.html const socket = io ( ' /color ' ); // ======================= // admin.html const socket = io ( ' /admin ' ); // ======================= // index.js const colorNamespace = io . of ( ' /color ' ); const adminNamespace = io . of ( ' /admin ' ); … colorNamespace . emit ( ' set-color ' , color , value ); // the admin page doesn’t receive this event Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode (For clarity, I gave my two namespaces the same names as the two endpoints the pages are located at, but I didn’t have to. The namespaces could have had arbitrary names with no change in functionality, as long as the client matched the server.) Namespaces provide a convenient way to target a subset of sockets. However, namespaces can communicate with each other: // admin.html const toggleFunction = ( color ) => { socket . emit ( ' toggle-active ' , color ); }; // ======================= // index.js // clicking the buttons on the admin page triggers changes on the color pages adminNamespace . on ( ' connection ' , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( ' toggle-active ' , color => { activeSettings [ color ] = ! activeSettings [ color ]; colorNamespace . emit ( ' toggle-active ' , color ); }); }); // ======================= // color.html socket . on ( ' toggle-active ' , ( color ) => { active [ color ] = ! active [ color ]; if ( controllingColor === color ) { colorSlider . disabled = ! active [ color ]; } document . getElementById ( ' active ' ). innerText = active [ controllingColor ] ? ' active ' : ' inactive ' ; updateBackground (); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In all of the examples, events were caused by some interaction on one of the clients. An event was emitted to the server, and a second message was emitted by the server to the appropriate clients. However, this is only a small sample of the possibilities. For example, a server could use websockets to update all clients on a regular cycle, or get information from some API and pass it on. This demo is only a small showcase of what I’ve been learning and hope to keep applying in my projects going forward. References and Further Reading Socket.IO , especially the tutorial , which got me up and running very quickly Websockets on MDN – API reference and glossary , plus the articles on writing your own clients and servers ( Deno version ) Cover Photo by Scott Rodgerson on Unsplash Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, this is an incredibly clear and practical explanation! I really appreciate how you broke down the client-server flow with Socket.IO—it makes even the trickier concepts like namespaces and broadcasting feel approachable. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lars Rye Jeppesen Lars Rye Jeppesen Lars Rye Jeppesen Follow Aspartam Junkie Location Vice City Pronouns Grand Master Joined Feb 10, 2017 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great article. A question though: why use Socket.IO when NodeJs now has it natively built in? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse eachampagne Follow Joined Sep 5, 2025 More from eachampagne Graphing in JavaScript # data # javascript # science 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/pcraig3/cloud-run-vs-app-engine-a-head-to-head-comparison-using-facts-and-science-1225 | Cloud Run vs App Engine: a head-to-head comparison using facts and science - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Paul Craig Posted on Nov 12, 2020 • Edited on Nov 27, 2020 Cloud Run vs App Engine: a head-to-head comparison using facts and science # cloud # googlecloud # docker # serverless For low-traffic applications, Cloud Run is dramatically cheaper than App Engine. Abstract I was hosting a small web app as a side-project and looking to spend less money. I started out using Heroku, then moved to Google’s Cloud Platform. Using rigorous methods and markdown tables, I performed a science-inspired “how much does this cost?” comparison between App Engine and Cloud Run. This study finds that Cloud Run is usually the best option , although if you have money to burn are a “price insensitive consumer,” then App Engine is a bit zippier. Introduction Imagine you have a side-project-type web app and you’re looking to host it on Google’s Cloud Platform (GCP) but you don’t want to spend too much ca$h. Which GCP service do 4 out of 5 scientists recommend? Let’s find out. Background My incredible journey went basically thus: I built a small express app for upcoming Canadian holidays and wanted cheap but usable hosting. Initially, I was using Heroku’s $7/month Hobby Plan because at the end of the day month, it’s only $7. (ie, that’s like 3 coffees: ‘a coffee’ being the base unit of diminutive purchases.) Heroku was really easy to get going with, to integrate with GitHub Actions , and to ssh into when I needed to fiddle with something. But around month five, it dawned on me that it was going to cost $7/month for the rest of my life, so I started looking for other options. Pivoting to Google Cloud Platform (GCP) GCP was the cloud vendor with the most bonus cash on sign-up, so I figured that was a pretty neutral and unbiased reason to pick it. However, as a hapless first-time user, there are a lot of “ solutions ” to choose from. It seems like you’re not a real cloud vendor unless you can bury newcomers under an avalanche of vaguely differentiated products with abstract geometrical logos, so a straightforward question like “where do I host a basic express app?” didn’t have an obvious answer. Cutting through the media bias with facts and logic, I was able to narrow it down by following the research methodology of googling “ google cloud how do I host express app ”. The two options that popped up were: App Engine Cloud Run Both services will run apps and I had an app to run. Seemed perfect: they anticipated me like how I anticipated Canadians are looking for information about holidays. Methodology By signing up, I was granted 300 (!!) GCP bucks, and as a long-time government employee I knew this meant I had to find a creative way to spend it before the end of the fiscal year. Are you thinking what I’m thinking? Let’s run a research study! (This is where the science comes in.) My research question was “Should I use App Engine or Cloud Run to host my fun but unprofitable app?”, and to investigate that I opted for the immersion method where I would assume the role of a developer trying to host an app on Google Cloud. Setup As a precursor, I needed to set up my app on both services simultaneously. For the initial setup, I used the Quickstart material provided by Google at no cost to embedded researchers like me. (Both Quicks-start are pretty easy to follow once you have the gcloud command-line tools installed .) Overview: App Engine (AE) Node.js Quickstart for App Engine On AE, my express app runs as a node process, like booting it up with npm start locally. AE is a traditional hosting platform: it runs continuously and serves requests as they come in. At the end of the month, you pay for the amount of time it was running, which is typically “the entire month”. Overview: Cloud Run “Build and Deploy” Quickstart for Cloud Run Cloud Run runs containers, so for each release you have to build a container and push it to GCP. Unlike App Engine, Cloud Run only runs when requests come in, so you don’t pay for time spent idling. Containerized apps are more portable but not always something you focus on during development. It’s worth noting that the Cloud Run Quickstart provides 9 example Dockerfiles depending on your language of choice. (I used the Node.js one as a basis.) Simulating traffic At this point in the study, I had 2 instances of my app running: In App Engine: https://hols-ae.nn.r.appspot.com/ In Cloud Run: https://hols-hzlcxvebra-ue.a.run.app/ Because real applications have real traffic, I set up a ping service to send requests to each site exactly once every 47 minutes for the rest of time, just like how a Real Human Being™️ would browse. Having completed my setup, it was time to let the experiment run its course, so I passed the time doing highly academic things like rinsing noobs at dominion.games . Duration 2 months. Findings There were 2 principal findings of the study. For a low-traffic application, Cloud Run is dramatically cheaper than App Engine App Engine seems to respond slightly faster 1. Ongoing costs — Cloud Run wins ✅ Cloud Run App Engine Heroku Hobby Plan Monthly cost $0.09 $11.29 $7.00 Wow. App Engine runs 24/7 for the entire month whereas Cloud Run only runs when serving requests, and the difference is startling. Previously, I had been paying $7 a month for Heroku’s Hobby Plan . App Engine would cost me about 50% more Cloud Run costs 99% less , oh my goodness So basically it’s a blowout win for Cloud Run here. 2. Request latency — App Engine (usually) wins ✅ I also used some online speed test tools to measure the response times of my 2 instances. The results weren’t totally consistent, but App Engine generally responded more quickly. Pingdom Speed test (Results of 3 runs from São Paulo) Cloud Run App Engine Run 1 632 ms 471 ms Run 2 485 ms 568 ms Run 3 562 ms 470 ms Average 559 ms 503 ms Here we see App Engine responding on average 56 ms faster than Cloud Run (although in 1 case, Cloud Run was faster). The huge caveat here is that these times vary widely between runs, sometimes tripling or quadrupling depending on Who The F*ck Knows. WebPageTest (Results of 3 runs using “3G” download speed.) Cloud Run App Engine Run 1 5.217 s 5.010 s Run 2 5.310 s 4.922 s Run 3 5.353 s 5.089 s Average 5.293 s 5.007 s Again, keep in mind that these numbers shift around between runs. Why is App Engine faster? This isn’t totally clear to me, but I can speculate. The one measurable difference I noticed is that that the total request size from Cloud Run was larger because it doesn’t gzip files by default. Cloud Run App Engine Page size 125.8 KB 119.4 KB The Pingdom Speed Test for Cloud Run recommended I Compress components with gzip , and looking through the requests, my combined .js assets are indeed about 6 KB larger. Downloading bigger files makes your site slower, but I don’t think that’s the whole story. The big difference between the two services is that Cloud Run doesn’t run your container unless it’s getting requests. When a request comes in, it does 3 things: boots up the container serves the request shuts down the container It seems likely that the extra time needed to boot up the container adds to the total request time, leading to an average slower response time from Cloud Run. Of course, you also save a lot of money doing it this way, so the tradeoff here is whether you care more about optimizing your speed or your cost. Findings For me, the findings are decisive. If you’re a hobbyist developer and you want to host your fun app for next-to-free, you should definitely use Google Cloud Run. However, if money is no object, then you can pay exponentially more per month for a marginal speed boost on App Engine. Further reading Read more about why Google Cloud Run is better than other hosting options For an excellent intro to Docker, check out this excellent guide by Robert Cooper Check out Google’s “Build and Deploy” Quickstart for Cloud Run Use Github Actions to deploy automatically to Cloud Run Top comments (29) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Ashish “Logmaster” Boston Ashish “Logmaster” Boston Ashish “Logmaster” Boston Follow Joined Jan 4, 2021 • Jan 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Your app-engine was setup to "autoscale" hence the instance would stay up constantly costing you $. If you changed it to "basic" auto-scaling, GAE would have auto scale down and stop the instance and costs should be similar to cloud run. Could you pls re-test with this setting so its a more fair comparison. Thanks, cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/st... Like comment: Like comment: 16 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand msl00 msl00 msl00 Follow Joined Jan 12, 2021 • Jan 12 '21 • Edited on Jan 12 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The linked documentation could be more clear, but it is not correct to say that "autoscaled" instances are "up constantly costing you $". You linked to the "Instance State" section, and it is saying that "autoscaled" instances will only ever show as being in the "running" state (vs the "stopped" state possible for "manual" or "basic" scaling). This is because "autoscaled" instances are shut down after some time (if no requests come in), not that the instances are running 24/7. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Igor Konforti Igor Konforti Igor Konforti Follow Location Berlin-ב Work SRE Joined Aug 14, 2020 • Apr 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I have to agree with @msl00 here! It's unclear and AFAIK AppEngine can NOT auto-scale to 0! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Vajahath Vajahath Vajahath Follow Joined Mar 22, 2019 • May 15 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide App engine standard environment can scale down to zero. I'm paying zero for for my hobby project. cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/th... Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Vugar Vugar Vugar Follow Joined May 9, 2021 • Mar 12 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The problem with autoscaling to 0 is that it causes cold start. Assume your app is idle state(usually after 20 minutes when no new requests coming) so the total number of instance would be 0. So it take about 10 seconds to start the server in AppEngine for a first request. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Izzy Young Izzy Young Izzy Young Follow Joined Jul 19, 2019 • Mar 18 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I laughed out a loud a couple of times reading this article. You have a great sense of humor and a fantastic writing style :) Like comment: Like comment: 10 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand mdovn mdovn mdovn Follow ... Joined Feb 12, 2020 • Sep 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide "sometimes tripling or quadrupling depending on Who The F*ck Knows." =)) Like comment: Like comment: 8 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand bharatsawnani bharatsawnani bharatsawnani Follow Joined Dec 9, 2020 • Dec 9 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice tests and post, but you should specify which environment you're using for GAE. I primarily code in Java (Haven't deployed with Node.js on GAE so far) and from my experience the Standard environment works similarly to Cloud Run, as it spins up a new instance when a request is made (if there wasn't one already idle). The instance stays idle for 15 mins after that it's shutted down. Google gives you a daily free usage quota of 28 hours for instances. Hence if you tests were runnning once every 47 mins (and the requests didn't require much processing power)... then your daily cost would be 0.00$ as you wouldn't be surpassing the daily free quota. If your tests were on the Flexible Environment then that's a whole different story as an instance has to be idle all the time and I am not so sure what machine type they start of from there. In Standard the lowest instance is an F1, whicho would have 256mb RAM, which is not much but enough for a simple app. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Samuel Favarin Samuel Favarin Samuel Favarin Follow I am a Software Engineer and a Bachelor of Computer Science Location Florianópolis, Brazil Work Software Engineer at Conecta Nuvem Joined Nov 12, 2020 • Nov 13 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice post! In the future would be cool to do a benchmark to compare with a similar AWS service. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Paul Craig Paul Craig Paul Craig Follow Writes code, drinks tea, etc. Certainly would never get a haircut. Location Ottawa, Canada Work Dev at Canadian Digital Service Joined Oct 30, 2020 • Nov 13 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It's a good question. At work we use Fargate a lot, which I find a lot more complex than Cloud Run to set up, but it has a similar "serverless container" platform concept as CR does. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mario La Menza Perello Mario La Menza Perello Mario La Menza Perello Follow Joined Aug 9, 2021 • Aug 9 '21 • Edited on Aug 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was unsuccessful trying to find out something about your app's datasource. Because IMO there is the big cost, when using Cloud Run. I agree with you, Cloud Run is cheap, but you have to use Cloud SQL as a datasource and in my experience it is far expensive compared with a SQL instance running in GCE. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mike Neilens Mike Neilens Mike Neilens Follow Joined Mar 25, 2020 • Jun 21 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I’ve been running a couple of applications on App Engine for several years and never been billed more than $0.50 per month. I think you may have set up App Engine incorrectly for the workload you are using. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Dom Dom Dom Follow Joined Feb 12, 2020 • Jan 12 '21 • Edited on Jan 12 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Misleading post as the premise is that you pay for App Engine 24/7 which isn't true on the standard instances (predefined languages versions e.g. Go 1.12) only if you choose flex (custom versions). Otherwise you have a point but it's not clear and standard App Engine covers most use cases. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Maxim Tan Maxim Tan Maxim Tan Follow Joined Dec 26, 2021 • Dec 26 '21 • Edited on Dec 26 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Just to chime in for anyone confused by the huge price difference. In my experience, App Engine Standard Environment with automatic scaling will effectively scale down to "0 instances": After 15 minutes with no request, with automatic scaling, you are billed NOTHING. ( dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/up... ) Google states on their pricing page: Accrual of instance hours begins when an instance starts and ends as described below, depending on the type of scaling you specify for the instance: Basic or automatic scaling: accrual ends fifteen minutes after an instance finishes processing its last request. Manual scaling: accrual ends fifteen minutes after an instance shuts down. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand lostinthefield lostinthefield lostinthefield Follow Work Web Developer at Field Museum Joined Apr 27, 2021 • Apr 27 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Paul, thanks for this hilarious and informative comparison! I was wondering if you had also considered deploying this site as a static site on something like Firebase Hosting/Vercel/Netlify/Github Pages, etc. (straight to a CDN, instead of worrying about hosting)? Next.js takes cares of a lot of pain points (data fetching, caching etc.). We're considering something like that for our own site. You do lose the benefit of having a proper node.js backend, but so far our needs can be met by Next.js mixed with maybe some serverless functions. Overall, that could maybe bring costs down even further than an auto-scaling container, as long as you don't need access to a real server...? Just food for thought. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lars Rye Jeppesen Lars Rye Jeppesen Lars Rye Jeppesen Follow Aspartam Junkie Location Vice City Pronouns Grand Master Joined Feb 10, 2017 • Dec 18 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide NextJs is great but locks you in to using old hat React, not everybody's cup of tea, mind you. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand dmytro lysak dmytro lysak dmytro lysak Follow Joined Oct 8, 2021 • Oct 8 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide What about the 1 million requests are free per month on cloud run? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lisa Guinn Lisa Guinn Lisa Guinn Follow Joined Oct 19, 2021 • Oct 19 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is the monthly free tier on Cloud Run: 180,000 vCPU-seconds 360,000 GiB-seconds (memory) 2 million requests 1 GiB free data egress within North America So the app must have exceeded one of these parameters to incur a monthly charge cf. cloud.google.com/run/pricing Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (29 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Paul Craig Follow Writes code, drinks tea, etc. Certainly would never get a haircut. Location Ottawa, Canada Work Dev at Canadian Digital Service Joined Oct 30, 2020 More from Paul Craig Quickstart: Continuous deployment to Google Cloud Run using Github Actions # github # serverless # googlecloud # tutorial Google Cloud Run: the best hosting platform for dynamic apps # cloud # googlecloud # docker # serverless 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/adiatiayu/methods-vs-computed-in-vue-21mj | Methods vs Computed in Vue - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ayu Adiati Posted on Jun 25, 2021 Methods vs Computed in Vue # help # discuss # vue # codenewbie Hello 👋🏼, Lately I've been learning Vue. So today I learned about computed property. In my understanding (please correct me if I'm wrong), computed is the same as methods property, only it will be re-executed if data that are used within the property are changed. While methods property will be re-executed for any data changes within the page. In which condition is the best practice to use methods or computed ? Thank you in advance for any help 😊 Top comments (8) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Drew Clements Drew Clements Drew Clements Follow Just a developer with more ideas and aspirations than time to explore them all! Location On the line Work Fullstack Engineer at Zillow Joined May 8, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Another way to look at computed is that they can be used as dynamic data for every render. Methods are functions that can be called as normal JS functions, but computed properties will be “re-calculated” anytime some data changes in the component. Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks, Drew! So computed is more like a method to update data to be dynamic? When would we want to use methods or computed? Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Drew Clements Drew Clements Drew Clements Follow Just a developer with more ideas and aspirations than time to explore them all! Location On the line Work Fullstack Engineer at Zillow Joined May 8, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly! Another important thing to note is that computed properties are available the same as properties in your data store So data () { return { number : 1 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode is the same as computed : { number () { return 1 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Both would be available with using this.number or {{ number }} But, if you ever needed number to update based on something else in the component, then the computed would do it auto-magically. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you, Drew!!! 😃 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Sulivan Braga Sulivan Braga Sulivan Braga Follow Location São Paulo, Brasil Joined Jun 26, 2021 • Jun 26 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It’s already answered but to mention, you cannot send params on computed. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 • Jun 26 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good to know this! Thank you, Sulivan 😃 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aashutosh Anand Tiwari Aashutosh Anand Tiwari Aashutosh Anand Tiwari Follow Reacting on react Location Broswers Education Graduated Work Learner at WFH Joined Aug 6, 2020 • Apr 19 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I think we can Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tim Poisson Tim Poisson Tim Poisson Follow Joined Nov 8, 2019 • Jul 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Also should mention that Computed Properties are automatically cached while Methods are not. If you are running an 'expensive' operation, it is best to cache this data as a Computed Property or else the function will re-run everytime the page refreshes which creates unnecessary overhead. For larger applications Computed Properties are typically used in conjunction with Vuex to help access global application data as well. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 More from Ayu Adiati Beyond Hacktoberfest: Building a True Open Source Journey # opensource # hacktoberfest # codenewbie # beginners My First Video Tutorials Contribution for Hacktoberfest # hacktoberfest # opensource # nocode # codenewbie Giving non-code contributions the recognition they deserve # hacktoberfest # opensource # nocode # codenewbie 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Right menu How to Get Feedback on Your SaaS Valentin Valentin Valentin Follow Dec 18 '25 How to Get Feedback on Your SaaS # webdev # productivity # saas # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS Device Farm: Test Your Apps on Real Devices at Scale DIKSHA P 24CB010 DIKSHA P 24CB010 DIKSHA P 24CB010 Follow Dec 18 '25 AWS Device Farm: Test Your Apps on Real Devices at Scale # mobile # testing # devops # aws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Testing in Umami codebase - Part 1.4 Ramu Narasinga Ramu Narasinga Ramu Narasinga Follow Dec 19 '25 Testing in Umami codebase - Part 1.4 # umami # opensource # testing # architecture Comments Add Comment 2 min read DTAP - super simple testing protocol for infrastructure audit Alexey Melezhik Alexey Melezhik Alexey Melezhik Follow Jan 8 DTAP - super simple testing protocol for infrastructure audit # testing # inspec # infrastructure # devops Comments 1 comment 3 min read Stop Writing 'Happy Path' Tests: How to Generate Bulletproof Unit Tests with AI Hui Hui Hui Follow Dec 17 '25 Stop Writing 'Happy Path' Tests: How to Generate Bulletproof Unit Tests with AI # testing # qa # automation # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read Testing de SPAs con Vitest Browser Mode: Velocidad de Unit Tests con Confianza E2E IagoLast IagoLast IagoLast Follow Dec 21 '25 Testing de SPAs con Vitest Browser Mode: Velocidad de Unit Tests con Confianza E2E # frontend # tooling # testing # typescript Comments Add Comment 7 min read Testing in Umami codebase - Part 1.3 Ramu Narasinga Ramu Narasinga Ramu Narasinga Follow Dec 18 '25 Testing in Umami codebase - Part 1.3 # umami # opensource # testing # architecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read # Mobil Test Otomasyonunda ThreadLocal ile Context Yönetimi: N Adet Cihazda Paralel Test Execution Umit Sinanoglu Umit Sinanoglu Umit Sinanoglu Follow Dec 17 '25 # Mobil Test Otomasyonunda ThreadLocal ile Context Yönetimi: N Adet Cihazda Paralel Test Execution # mobile # testing # automation # tutorial Comments Add Comment 12 min read Effectively Managing AI Agents for Testing John Vester John Vester John Vester Follow Dec 18 '25 Effectively Managing AI Agents for Testing # ai # agentaichallenge # programming # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read A new PHP8+ Unit Testing Framework called MicroUnit Mitar Nikolic Mitar Nikolic Mitar Nikolic Follow Dec 17 '25 A new PHP8+ Unit Testing Framework called MicroUnit # webdev # php # testing # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Using GPT as a Code Auditor (Not a Code Generator) yuer yuer yuer Follow Dec 17 '25 Using GPT as a Code Auditor (Not a Code Generator) # ai # security # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Privacy-Preserving Analytics: Proving You Can Measure Without Identity CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Dec 16 '25 Privacy-Preserving Analytics: Proving You Can Measure Without Identity # testing # a11y # healthcare # react Comments Add Comment 11 min read 6 Common Mistakes Teams Make in Negative Testing Arjun Sharma Arjun Sharma Arjun Sharma Follow Dec 30 '25 6 Common Mistakes Teams Make in Negative Testing # webdev # qasource # testing # negativetesting Comments 1 comment 4 min read Testing in Umami codebase - Part 1.2 Ramu Narasinga Ramu Narasinga Ramu Narasinga Follow Dec 17 '25 Testing in Umami codebase - Part 1.2 # umami # opensource # testing # architecture Comments Add Comment 2 min read Bugs across the world's languages. Let's check LanguageTool Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Follow Dec 16 '25 Bugs across the world's languages. Let's check LanguageTool # java # testing # opensource # languagetool Comments Add Comment 10 min read 20 Adımda Daha Kaliteli Otomasyon Senaryoları Yazım Rehberi 🚀 Doğucan ARSLAN Doğucan ARSLAN Doğucan ARSLAN Follow Dec 16 '25 20 Adımda Daha Kaliteli Otomasyon Senaryoları Yazım Rehberi 🚀 # testing # automation # qa # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Gap Between Compliance-Driven Pentesting and Real Security James Miller James Miller James Miller Follow Dec 29 '25 The Gap Between Compliance-Driven Pentesting and Real Security # webtesting # security # cybersecurity # testing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Low-Code LLM Evaluation Framework with n8n: Automated Testing Guide Omer Dahan Omer Dahan Omer Dahan Follow Dec 16 '25 Low-Code LLM Evaluation Framework with n8n: Automated Testing Guide # testing # llm # automation # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read API testing needs a reset. Dhruba Patra Dhruba Patra Dhruba Patra Follow Dec 31 '25 API testing needs a reset. # showdev # testing # tooling # api 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Testing in Umami codebase - Part 1.1 Ramu Narasinga Ramu Narasinga Ramu Narasinga Follow Dec 16 '25 Testing in Umami codebase - Part 1.1 # umami # opensource # testing # architecture Comments Add Comment 4 min read Tests vs Business Value John Mitchell John Mitchell John Mitchell Follow Dec 17 '25 Tests vs Business Value # discuss # softwareengineering # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read Playwright: Web Scraping & Testing Rost Rost Rost Follow Dec 29 '25 Playwright: Web Scraping & Testing # python # javascript # node # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 11 min read Error Test Article Damien J. Burks Damien J. Burks Damien J. Burks Follow Dec 17 '25 Error Test Article # testing # errors Comments Add Comment 1 min read Pattern Test Damien J. Burks Damien J. Burks Damien J. 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https://dev.to/beck_moulton/stop-sending-sensitive-data-to-the-cloud-build-a-local-first-mental-health-ai-with-webllm-5100#comments | Stop Sending Sensitive Data to the Cloud: Build a Local-First Mental Health AI with WebLLM - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Beck_Moulton Posted on Jan 13 Stop Sending Sensitive Data to the Cloud: Build a Local-First Mental Health AI with WebLLM # privacy # typescript # webgpu # webllm In an era where data breaches are common, privacy in Edge AI has moved from a "nice-to-have" to a "must-have," especially in sensitive fields like healthcare. If you've ever worried about your private conversations being used to train a massive corporate model, you're not alone. Today, we are exploring the frontier of Privacy-preserving AI by building a medical Q&A bot that runs entirely on the client side. By leveraging WebLLM , WebGPU , and TVM Unity , we can now execute large language models directly in the browser. This means the dialogue never leaves the user's device, providing a truly decentralized and secure experience. For those looking to scale these types of high-performance implementations, I highly recommend checking out the WellAlly Tech Blog for more production-ready patterns on enterprise-grade AI deployment. The Architecture: Why WebGPU? Traditional AI apps send a request to a server (Python/FastAPI), which queries a GPU (NVIDIA A100), and sends a JSON response back. This "Client-Server" model is the privacy killer. Our "Local-First" approach uses WebGPU , the next-gen graphics API for the web, to tap into the user's hardware directly. graph TD subgraph User_Device [User Browser / Device] A[React UI Layer] -->|Dispatch| B[WebLLM Worker] B -->|Request Execution| C[TVM Unity Runtime] C -->|Compute Kernels| D[WebGPU API] D -->|Inference| E[VRAM / GPU Hardware] E -->|Streaming Text| B B -->|State Update| A end F((Public Internet)) -.->|Static Assets & Model Weights| A F -.->|NO PRIVATE DATA SENT| A Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Prerequisites Before we dive in, ensure you have a browser that supports WebGPU (Chrome 113+ or Edge). Framework : React (Vite template) Language : TypeScript AI Engine : @mlc-ai/web-llm Core Tech : WebGPU & TVM Unity Step 1: Initializing the Engine Running an LLM in a browser requires significant memory management. We use a Web Worker to ensure the UI doesn't freeze while the model is "thinking." // engine.ts import { CreateMLCEngine , MLCEngineConfig } from " @mlc-ai/web-llm " ; const modelId = " Llama-3-8B-Instruct-v0.1-q4f16_1-MLC " ; // Lightweight quantized model export async function initializeEngine ( onProgress : ( p : number ) => void ) { const engine = await CreateMLCEngine ( modelId , { initProgressCallback : ( report ) => { onProgress ( Math . round ( report . progress * 100 )); console . log ( report . text ); }, }); return engine ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 2: Creating the Privacy-First Chat Hook In a medical context, the system prompt is critical. We need to instruct the model to behave as a supportive assistant while maintaining strict safety boundaries. // useChat.ts import { useState } from ' react ' ; import { initializeEngine } from ' ./engine ' ; export const useChat = () => { const [ engine , setEngine ] = useState < any > ( null ); const [ messages , setMessages ] = useState < { role : string , content : string }[] > ([]); const startConsultation = async () => { const instance = await initializeEngine (( p ) => console . log ( `Loading: ${ p } %` )); setEngine ( instance ); // Set the System Identity for Mental Health await instance . chat . completions . create ({ messages : [{ role : " system " , content : " You are a private, empathetic mental health assistant. Your goal is to listen and provide support. You do not store data. If a user is in danger, provide emergency resources immediately. " }], }); }; const sendMessage = async ( input : string ) => { const newMessages = [... messages , { role : " user " , content : input }]; setMessages ( newMessages ); const reply = await engine . chat . completions . create ({ messages : newMessages , }); setMessages ([... newMessages , reply . choices [ 0 ]. message ]); }; return { messages , sendMessage , startConsultation }; }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 3: Optimizing for Performance (TVM Unity) The magic behind WebLLM is TVM Unity , which compiles models into highly optimized WebGPU kernels. This allows us to run models like Llama-3 or Mistral at impressive tokens-per-second on a standard Macbook or high-end Windows laptop. If you are dealing with advanced production scenarios—such as model sharding or custom quantization for specific medical datasets—the team at WellAlly Tech has documented extensive guides on optimizing WebAssembly runtimes for maximum throughput. Step 4: Building the React UI A simple, clean interface is best for mental health applications. We want the user to feel calm and secure. // ChatComponent.tsx import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; import { useChat } from ' ./useChat ' ; export const MentalHealthBot = () => { const { messages , sendMessage , startConsultation } = useChat (); const [ input , setInput ] = useState ( "" ); return ( < div className = "p-6 max-w-2xl mx-auto border rounded-xl shadow-lg bg-white" > < h2 className = "text-2xl font-bold mb-4" > Shielded Mind AI 🛡️ </ h2 > < p className = "text-sm text-gray-500 mb-4" > Status: < span className = "text-green-500" > Local Only (Encrypted by Hardware) </ span ></ p > < div className = "h-96 overflow-y-auto mb-4 p-4 bg-gray-50 rounded" > { messages . map (( m , i ) => ( < div key = { i } className = { `mb-2 ${ m . role === ' user ' ? ' text-blue-600 ' : ' text-gray-800 ' } ` } > < strong > { m . role === ' user ' ? ' You: ' : ' AI: ' } </ strong > { m . content } </ div > )) } </ div > < div className = "flex gap-2" > < input className = "flex-1 border p-2 rounded" value = { input } onChange = { ( e ) => setInput ( e . target . value ) } placeholder = "How are you feeling today?" /> < button onClick = { () => { sendMessage ( input ); setInput ( "" ); } } className = "bg-purple-600 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded hover:bg-purple-700" > Send </ button > </ div > < button onClick = { startConsultation } className = "mt-4 text-xs text-gray-400 underline" > Initialize Secure WebGPU Engine </ button > </ div > ); }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Challenges & Solutions Model Size : Downloading a 4GB-8GB model to a browser is the biggest hurdle. Solution : Use IndexedDB caching so the user only downloads the model once. VRAM Limits : Mobile devices may struggle with large context windows. Solution : Implement sliding window attention and aggressive 4-bit quantization. Cold Start : The initial "Loading" phase can take time. Solution : Use a skeleton screen and explain that this process ensures their privacy. Conclusion By moving the "brain" of our AI from the cloud to the user's browser, we've created a psychological safe space that is literally impossible for hackers to intercept at the server level. WebLLM and WebGPU are turning browsers into powerful AI engines. Want to dive deeper into Edge AI security , LLM Quantization , or WebGPU performance tuning ? Head over to the WellAlly Tech Blog where we break down the latest advancements in local-first software architecture. What do you think? Would you trust a local-only AI more than ChatGPT for sensitive topics? Let me know in the comments below! 👇 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Beck_Moulton Follow Joined Aug 22, 2022 More from Beck_Moulton Private & Fast: Building a Browser-Based Dermatology Screener with WebLLM and WebGPU # privacy # ai # web # webdev Federated Learning or Bust: Architecting Privacy-First Health AI # machinelearning # architecture # privacy # devops Why Your Health Data Belongs on Your Device (Not the Cloud): A Local-First Manifesto # architecture # privacy # offlinefirst # database 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Jan 7 Test Your Tests: Does Your Crisis Simulation Match Reality? # testing # a11y # healthcare # react Comments Add Comment 10 min read Building a Fail-Closed Investment Risk Gate with Yuer DSL yuer yuer yuer Follow Jan 6 Building a Fail-Closed Investment Risk Gate with Yuer DSL # architecture # security # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read When AI Renames Variables Incorrectly During Multi-file Refactors Sofia Bennett Sofia Bennett Sofia Bennett Follow Jan 6 When AI Renames Variables Incorrectly During Multi-file Refactors # ai # testing # tooling # typescript Comments Add Comment 3 min read When Generated Tests Pass but Don't Protect: LLMs Creating Superficial Unit Tests James M James M James M Follow Jan 6 When Generated Tests Pass but Don't Protect: LLMs Creating Superficial Unit Tests # ai # codequality # llm # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read 5 QA Trends You Can't Ignore in 2026 Unais Shahid Unais Shahid Unais Shahid Follow Jan 5 5 QA Trends You Can't Ignore in 2026 # testing # automation # playwright # career Comments Add Comment 3 min read Bloom: Anthropic’s Tool That Changes How We Evaluate AI Safety Grego Grego Grego Follow Jan 6 Bloom: Anthropic’s Tool That Changes How We Evaluate AI Safety # bloom # security # testing # anthropic Comments Add Comment 7 min read TDD for dbt: unit testing the way it should be Niclas Olofsson Niclas Olofsson Niclas Olofsson Follow Jan 7 TDD for dbt: unit testing the way it should be # codequality # dataengineering # softwareengineering # testing Comments Add Comment 12 min read When Generated Tests Pass but Don't Protect — a small failure that became a production bug Olivia Perell Olivia Perell Olivia Perell Follow Jan 7 When Generated Tests Pass but Don't Protect — a small failure that became a production bug # ai # codequality # llm # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Hidden Pay of Free Test Reporting Tools TestDino TestDino TestDino Follow Jan 7 The Hidden Pay of Free Test Reporting Tools # playwright # opensource # cicd # testing Comments 1 comment 4 min read Idea-capturing app looking for testers Baudouin Baudouin Baudouin Follow Jan 7 Idea-capturing app looking for testers # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read A Practical Roadmap to AI-Driven Testing Unais Shahid Unais Shahid Unais Shahid Follow Jan 6 A Practical Roadmap to AI-Driven Testing # testing # automation # ai # qa Comments Add Comment 2 min read When Generated Tests Pass but Don't Protect: a case study in AI-written unit tests Sofia Bennett Sofia Bennett Sofia Bennett Follow Jan 6 When Generated Tests Pass but Don't Protect: a case study in AI-written unit tests # ai # codequality # devops # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read Selenium and Its Relevance in Automation Testing Using Python Nasina Hemanth Nasina Hemanth Nasina Hemanth Follow Jan 5 Selenium and Its Relevance in Automation Testing Using Python # automation # python # testing # tooling Comments Add Comment 2 min read Same Spectrum Analyzer. Same Signal. Different Port. Power Is Off by 6 dB. Maron Zhang Maron Zhang Maron Zhang Follow Jan 6 Same Spectrum Analyzer. Same Signal. Different Port. Power Is Off by 6 dB. # discuss # learning # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read Trouble with Test After Introducing django-axes harubo harubo harubo Follow Jan 4 Trouble with Test After Introducing django-axes # django # testing # security # authentication Comments Add Comment 2 min read Integration Testing: Definition, How-to, Examples Alok Kumar Alok Kumar Alok Kumar Follow Jan 5 Integration Testing: Definition, How-to, Examples # testing # cicd # automation # software Comments Add Comment 12 min read How a Pull Request Dashboard Shapes Speed, Quality, and Trust | TestDino Insights TestDino TestDino TestDino Follow Jan 5 How a Pull Request Dashboard Shapes Speed, Quality, and Trust | TestDino Insights # playwright # testing # automation # software Comments Add Comment 4 min read Designing a Universal Hydraulic Test Rig: What Engineers Often Miss Robin | Mechanical Engineer Robin | Mechanical Engineer Robin | Mechanical Engineer Follow Jan 5 Designing a Universal Hydraulic Test Rig: What Engineers Often Miss # hydraulics # mechanicalengineering # testing # manufacturing Comments Add Comment 1 min read Week 8 of 40 – Giving CatAtlas a Real Identity (and Tests) Florian Florian Florian Follow Jan 4 Week 8 of 40 – Giving CatAtlas a Real Identity (and Tests) # ai # database # devjournal # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Testing Only 200 OK Is Lying to Yourself Vigneshwaran Manivannan Vigneshwaran Manivannan Vigneshwaran Manivannan Follow Jan 3 Why Testing Only 200 OK Is Lying to Yourself # webdev # testing # opensource # microsaas Comments Add Comment 2 min read Revolutionizing Code Testing with JavaScript: A Comprehensive Guide Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Follow Jan 4 Revolutionizing Code Testing with JavaScript: A Comprehensive Guide # codequality # javascript # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 9: When APIs Fail. How to implement a "Mock Mode" in AWS Lambda. Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Follow Jan 3 Day 9: When APIs Fail. How to implement a "Mock Mode" in AWS Lambda. # aws # python # testing # serverless Comments Add Comment 1 min read Starlight Part 4: Democratizing the Constellation — The Visual Sentinel Editor Dhiraj Das Dhiraj Das Dhiraj Das Follow Jan 3 Starlight Part 4: Democratizing the Constellation — The Visual Sentinel Editor # python # automation # testing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read You Don't Have to Test All of Your Code... Seth Orell Seth Orell Seth Orell Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 5 You Don't Have to Test All of Your Code... # testing # cicd 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/jwebsite-go/sinie-zielienoie-razviertyvaniie-na-eks-14e3#comments | Сине-зеленое развертывание на EKS - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Posted on Jan 9 Сине-зеленое развертывание на EKS # eks # aws # bluegreen # programming EKS = Управляемый Kubernetes от Amazon Web Services EKS предоставляет вам: Управляющая плоскость ** Kubernetes** (API-сервер, планировщик). AWS управляет этим за вас. Вам всё ещё необходимо: Рабочие узлы (EC2) → для запуска подов kubectl **→ для связи с кластером **YAML → для указания Kubernetes, что нужно запустить. Очень важная ментальная модель _`Your laptop (kubectl) | v EKS API Server (managed by AWS) | v Worker Nodes (EC2) → Pods → Containers`_ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Подключаться к узлам по SSH НИКОГДА нельзя. Шаг 1 — Создайте EKS вручную (через консоль AWS, без использования инструментов). 1. Откройте консоль AWS → EKS Выберите регион (например: us-east-1) Нажмите «Создать кластер» . 2. Конфигурация кластера Заполнять только: Имя * : bluegreen-demo * Версия Kubernetes : по умолчанию Роль кластерной службы * : Если AWS отображает её, выберите её. Если нет, нажмите * «Создать роль» (AWS создаст её автоматически). Нажмите Далее 3. Сетевое взаимодействие Использовать значения по умолчанию : VPC по умолчанию Как минимум 2 подсети Доступ к общедоступной конечной точке Нажмите « Создать ». ⏳ Дождитесь активации В этот момент: Kubernetes существует НО пока ничего не может бежать Шаг 2 — Создание рабочих узлов (ЭТО создаст EC2) Зачем нам это нужно Kubernetes размещает поды на узлах . Нет узлов = нет подов. Создать группу узлов Внутри вашего кластера: Перейдите в раздел «Вычисления» → «Добавить группу узлов». Наполнять: Имя: bg-nodes Роль IAM: создать/выбрать роль работника по умолчанию Настройки узла: Тип экземпляра:t3.medium Желательно: 2 Мин.: 2 Макс.: 3 Создать группу узлов → дождаться активации Теперь EC2 существует автоматически. Шаг 3 — Подключите kubectl (так работает DevOps) С вашего ноутбука: aws eks update-kubeconfig \ --region us-east-1 \ --name bluegreen-demo Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Проверять: kubectl get nodes Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Если вы видите узлы → значит, вы соединены. Впредь: Консоль AWS практически неактуальна. Всё делается с помощью kubectl Почему существуют стратегии развертывания (ОЧЕНЬ ВАЖНО) До Kubernetes (старый мир) Остановить приложение Развернуть новую версию Запустите приложение снова. Пользователи видят время простоя Откат происходит медленно. Проблемы, с которыми сталкивался DevOps Простои во время развертывания Пользователи получают ошибки Быстрый откат недоступен. Страх перед развертыванием войск Проблема с Kubernetes решена: - Капсулы - Услуги - Самоисцеление Однако стратегия развертывания определяет, как будет перемещаться трафик. Именно поэтому * существуют стратегии развертывания * . Что такое сине-зеленая стратегия (в простом виде)? Сине-зеленый = две версии, работающие одновременно. Синий → текущее производство Зеленый → новая версия, протестирована Транспортный поток резко меняет направление движения. Отсутствие частичного трафика. Отсутствие замедления развертывания. Почему сине-зеленый цвет используется в DevOps Преимущества Отсутствие простоев Мгновенный откат Безопасные релизы Легко понять Предсказуемое поведение Когда DevOps выбирает сине-зеленый подход Критические приложения API Финансовые системы Внутренние платформы Когда неудача обходится дорого Как работает принцип «сине-зеленого» взаимодействия в Kubernetes (простая истина) Kubernetes уже предоставляет нам такой инструмент: 👉 Сервис Решение принимает служба: «Какие модули посещают пользователи?» Сине-зеленый = * изменить селектор услуги * Вот и все. Внедрение сине-зеленого подхода (с нуля) 1️⃣ Развертывание Blue (версия 1 – в рабочем режиме) apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: app-blue spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: demo color: blue template: metadata: labels: app: demo color: blue spec: containers: - name: app image: hashicorp/http-echo:0.2.3 args: ["-text=BLUE v1"] ports: - containerPort: 5678 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2️⃣ Экологичное развертывание (версия 2 – не запущена) apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: app-green spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: demo color: green template: metadata: labels: app: demo color: green spec: containers: - name: app image: hashicorp/http-echo:0.2.3 args: ["-text=GREEN v2"] ports: - containerPort: 5678 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3️⃣ Сервис (производственный трафик) apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: prod-svc spec: selector: app: demo color: blue # LIVE VERSION ports: - port: 80 targetPort: 5678 Это переключатель управления . Разверните всё kubectl apply -f blue.yaml kubectl apply -f green.yaml kubectl apply -f service.yaml Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Трафик → СИНИЙ Само развертывание (синий → зеленый) Измените одну строку: color: green Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Подайте заявку снова: kubectl apply -f service.yaml Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Транспортный поток мгновенно переключается. Перезагрузка Pod не требуется. Простой отсутствует. Откат (безопасность DevOps) Вернитесь назад: color: blue Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Применить → откат завершен. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Follow DevOps Engineer. AWS, Terraform, Docker and CI/CD. Building real projects and sharing my DevOps journey. Location United States Work DevOps Engineer Joined Dec 20, 2025 More from Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Readiness probe # aws # kubernetes # beginners # devops Kubernetes #1 # kubernetes # nginx # docker # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/t/testing/page/8 | Testing Page 8 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I’m experimenting with purchase history as a signal for product recommendations. Curious what I’m missing. Chad Musselman Chad Musselman Chad Musselman Follow Dec 15 '25 I’m experimenting with purchase history as a signal for product recommendations. Curious what I’m missing. # startup # ai # beginners # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Quarkus Testing: @QuarkusTest vs @QuarkusIntegrationTest Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow Dec 15 '25 Quarkus Testing: @QuarkusTest vs @QuarkusIntegrationTest # quarkus # java # testing # kotlin Comments Add Comment 3 min read Title: I built a 13-app "Zoo" using Gemini Pro 3. The constraint: I wasn't allowed to inspect the code. Nathan Johnston Nathan Johnston Nathan Johnston Follow Dec 14 '25 Title: I built a 13-app "Zoo" using Gemini Pro 3. The constraint: I wasn't allowed to inspect the code. # showdev # gemini # testing # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read Test Environment Long Nguyễn Xuân Long Nguyễn Xuân Long Nguyễn Xuân Follow Dec 15 '25 Test Environment # beginners # devops # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Artemis II Isn’t About the Launch — It’s About the Rehearsal Sanuga Kuruppu Sanuga Kuruppu Sanuga Kuruppu Follow Dec 16 '25 Artemis II Isn’t About the Launch — It’s About the Rehearsal # systemdesign # testing # softwareengineering # architecture Comments Add Comment 1 min read Runtime Snapshots #9 — Semantic Regression Detection: When Deploys Break UX, Not Tests Alechko Alechko Alechko Follow Jan 6 Runtime Snapshots #9 — Semantic Regression Detection: When Deploys Break UX, Not Tests # cicd # frontend # testing # ux 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Setting Up and Testing PayPal Webhooks Locally Without Guesswork Lightning Developer Lightning Developer Lightning Developer Follow Dec 29 '25 Setting Up and Testing PayPal Webhooks Locally Without Guesswork # testing # webdev # tutorial # node 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Debugging PowerShell vs. Bash for Local API Testing Mathabo Motaung Mathabo Motaung Mathabo Motaung Follow Jan 6 Debugging PowerShell vs. Bash for Local API Testing # java # api # testing # architecture Comments Add Comment 2 min read Testing in Umami codebase - Part 1.0 Ramu Narasinga Ramu Narasinga Ramu Narasinga Follow Dec 15 '25 Testing in Umami codebase - Part 1.0 # opensource # umami # testing # architecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read Cybersecurity ProxyChains: A Mask of Anonymity The Hackers Meetup Nagpur The Hackers Meetup Nagpur The Hackers Meetup Nagpur Follow Dec 27 '25 Cybersecurity ProxyChains: A Mask of Anonymity # cybersecurity # proxy # security # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Data Granularity: The Hidden Factor Behind AI Testing Quality Khiem Phan Khiem Phan Khiem Phan Follow Dec 15 '25 Data Granularity: The Hidden Factor Behind AI Testing Quality # ai # testing # database # granularity Comments Add Comment 8 min read How to Debug LeetCode Solutions When Test Cases Fail: A Systematic Approach Alex Hunter Alex Hunter Alex Hunter Follow Dec 17 '25 How to Debug LeetCode Solutions When Test Cases Fail: A Systematic Approach # debugging # leetcode # problemsolving # testing Comments Add Comment 10 min read QARX-256 praveen praveen praveen Follow Dec 14 '25 QARX-256 # opensource # security # testing # development Comments Add Comment 1 min read P1- Agent0 中的curriculum agent精读 Zhaopeng Xuan Zhaopeng Xuan Zhaopeng Xuan Follow Jan 6 P1- Agent0 中的curriculum agent精读 # agents # ai # machinelearning # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read The brutal REALITY of software architecture ArchUnitTS ArchUnitTS ArchUnitTS Follow Dec 13 '25 The brutal REALITY of software architecture # webdev # programming # testing # architecture 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Playwright vs. Selenium: A 2026 Architecture Review Lalit Mishra Lalit Mishra Lalit Mishra Follow Jan 4 Playwright vs. Selenium: A 2026 Architecture Review # architecture # automation # devops # testing 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Python Selenium Architecture in detail / significance of the Python Virtual Environment Nasina Hemanth Nasina Hemanth Nasina Hemanth Follow Jan 5 Python Selenium Architecture in detail / significance of the Python Virtual Environment # architecture # automation # python # testing Comments 2 comments 2 min read Release 0.4 Final: Reflecting on My Open Source Contributions for release 0.4 Hitesh Sachdeva Hitesh Sachdeva Hitesh Sachdeva Follow Dec 12 '25 Release 0.4 Final: Reflecting on My Open Source Contributions for release 0.4 # opensource # programming # learning # testing Comments Add Comment 4 min read Apache JMeter – Overview and Practical Guide Siswoyo Siswoyo Siswoyo Siswoyo Siswoyo Siswoyo Follow Dec 17 '25 Apache JMeter – Overview and Practical Guide # testing # programming # backenddevelopment 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Testing Unit HexZo Network HexZo Network HexZo Network Follow Dec 14 '25 Testing Unit # programming # ai # testing # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read Maestro: A Single Framework for Mobile and Web E2E Testing Dennis Whalen Dennis Whalen Dennis Whalen Follow for Leading EDJE Dec 26 '25 Maestro: A Single Framework for Mobile and Web E2E Testing # webdev # testing # mobile # qa Comments 2 comments 5 min read Write a JWT Login Test Using Cypress حذيفة حذيفة حذيفة Follow Dec 13 '25 Write a JWT Login Test Using Cypress # cypress # react # jwt # testing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Eclipse WTP: JaCoCo Coverage Not Recognized When Running Tomcat in Debug Mode toydev toydev toydev Follow Dec 12 '25 Eclipse WTP: JaCoCo Coverage Not Recognized When Running Tomcat in Debug Mode # java # eclipse # jacoco # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Verdex Sees Inside Iframes: Event-Driven Multi-Frame Support Johnny Johnny Johnny Follow Dec 12 '25 How Verdex Sees Inside Iframes: Event-Driven Multi-Frame Support # tooling # testing # javascript # architecture Comments Add Comment 12 min read Quic-test: an open tool for testing QUIC, BBRv3, and FEC under real-world network conditions Maksim Lanies Maksim Lanies Maksim Lanies Follow for Cloudbridge Research Dec 11 '25 Quic-test: an open tool for testing QUIC, BBRv3, and FEC under real-world network conditions # tooling # testing # opensource # networking Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/beck_moulton/stop-sending-sensitive-data-to-the-cloud-build-a-local-first-mental-health-ai-with-webllm-5100 | Stop Sending Sensitive Data to the Cloud: Build a Local-First Mental Health AI with WebLLM - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Beck_Moulton Posted on Jan 13 Stop Sending Sensitive Data to the Cloud: Build a Local-First Mental Health AI with WebLLM # privacy # typescript # webgpu # webllm In an era where data breaches are common, privacy in Edge AI has moved from a "nice-to-have" to a "must-have," especially in sensitive fields like healthcare. If you've ever worried about your private conversations being used to train a massive corporate model, you're not alone. Today, we are exploring the frontier of Privacy-preserving AI by building a medical Q&A bot that runs entirely on the client side. By leveraging WebLLM , WebGPU , and TVM Unity , we can now execute large language models directly in the browser. This means the dialogue never leaves the user's device, providing a truly decentralized and secure experience. For those looking to scale these types of high-performance implementations, I highly recommend checking out the WellAlly Tech Blog for more production-ready patterns on enterprise-grade AI deployment. The Architecture: Why WebGPU? Traditional AI apps send a request to a server (Python/FastAPI), which queries a GPU (NVIDIA A100), and sends a JSON response back. This "Client-Server" model is the privacy killer. Our "Local-First" approach uses WebGPU , the next-gen graphics API for the web, to tap into the user's hardware directly. graph TD subgraph User_Device [User Browser / Device] A[React UI Layer] -->|Dispatch| B[WebLLM Worker] B -->|Request Execution| C[TVM Unity Runtime] C -->|Compute Kernels| D[WebGPU API] D -->|Inference| E[VRAM / GPU Hardware] E -->|Streaming Text| B B -->|State Update| A end F((Public Internet)) -.->|Static Assets & Model Weights| A F -.->|NO PRIVATE DATA SENT| A Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Prerequisites Before we dive in, ensure you have a browser that supports WebGPU (Chrome 113+ or Edge). Framework : React (Vite template) Language : TypeScript AI Engine : @mlc-ai/web-llm Core Tech : WebGPU & TVM Unity Step 1: Initializing the Engine Running an LLM in a browser requires significant memory management. We use a Web Worker to ensure the UI doesn't freeze while the model is "thinking." // engine.ts import { CreateMLCEngine , MLCEngineConfig } from " @mlc-ai/web-llm " ; const modelId = " Llama-3-8B-Instruct-v0.1-q4f16_1-MLC " ; // Lightweight quantized model export async function initializeEngine ( onProgress : ( p : number ) => void ) { const engine = await CreateMLCEngine ( modelId , { initProgressCallback : ( report ) => { onProgress ( Math . round ( report . progress * 100 )); console . log ( report . text ); }, }); return engine ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 2: Creating the Privacy-First Chat Hook In a medical context, the system prompt is critical. We need to instruct the model to behave as a supportive assistant while maintaining strict safety boundaries. // useChat.ts import { useState } from ' react ' ; import { initializeEngine } from ' ./engine ' ; export const useChat = () => { const [ engine , setEngine ] = useState < any > ( null ); const [ messages , setMessages ] = useState < { role : string , content : string }[] > ([]); const startConsultation = async () => { const instance = await initializeEngine (( p ) => console . log ( `Loading: ${ p } %` )); setEngine ( instance ); // Set the System Identity for Mental Health await instance . chat . completions . create ({ messages : [{ role : " system " , content : " You are a private, empathetic mental health assistant. Your goal is to listen and provide support. You do not store data. If a user is in danger, provide emergency resources immediately. " }], }); }; const sendMessage = async ( input : string ) => { const newMessages = [... messages , { role : " user " , content : input }]; setMessages ( newMessages ); const reply = await engine . chat . completions . create ({ messages : newMessages , }); setMessages ([... newMessages , reply . choices [ 0 ]. message ]); }; return { messages , sendMessage , startConsultation }; }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 3: Optimizing for Performance (TVM Unity) The magic behind WebLLM is TVM Unity , which compiles models into highly optimized WebGPU kernels. This allows us to run models like Llama-3 or Mistral at impressive tokens-per-second on a standard Macbook or high-end Windows laptop. If you are dealing with advanced production scenarios—such as model sharding or custom quantization for specific medical datasets—the team at WellAlly Tech has documented extensive guides on optimizing WebAssembly runtimes for maximum throughput. Step 4: Building the React UI A simple, clean interface is best for mental health applications. We want the user to feel calm and secure. // ChatComponent.tsx import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; import { useChat } from ' ./useChat ' ; export const MentalHealthBot = () => { const { messages , sendMessage , startConsultation } = useChat (); const [ input , setInput ] = useState ( "" ); return ( < div className = "p-6 max-w-2xl mx-auto border rounded-xl shadow-lg bg-white" > < h2 className = "text-2xl font-bold mb-4" > Shielded Mind AI 🛡️ </ h2 > < p className = "text-sm text-gray-500 mb-4" > Status: < span className = "text-green-500" > Local Only (Encrypted by Hardware) </ span ></ p > < div className = "h-96 overflow-y-auto mb-4 p-4 bg-gray-50 rounded" > { messages . map (( m , i ) => ( < div key = { i } className = { `mb-2 ${ m . role === ' user ' ? ' text-blue-600 ' : ' text-gray-800 ' } ` } > < strong > { m . role === ' user ' ? ' You: ' : ' AI: ' } </ strong > { m . content } </ div > )) } </ div > < div className = "flex gap-2" > < input className = "flex-1 border p-2 rounded" value = { input } onChange = { ( e ) => setInput ( e . target . value ) } placeholder = "How are you feeling today?" /> < button onClick = { () => { sendMessage ( input ); setInput ( "" ); } } className = "bg-purple-600 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded hover:bg-purple-700" > Send </ button > </ div > < button onClick = { startConsultation } className = "mt-4 text-xs text-gray-400 underline" > Initialize Secure WebGPU Engine </ button > </ div > ); }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Challenges & Solutions Model Size : Downloading a 4GB-8GB model to a browser is the biggest hurdle. Solution : Use IndexedDB caching so the user only downloads the model once. VRAM Limits : Mobile devices may struggle with large context windows. Solution : Implement sliding window attention and aggressive 4-bit quantization. Cold Start : The initial "Loading" phase can take time. Solution : Use a skeleton screen and explain that this process ensures their privacy. Conclusion By moving the "brain" of our AI from the cloud to the user's browser, we've created a psychological safe space that is literally impossible for hackers to intercept at the server level. WebLLM and WebGPU are turning browsers into powerful AI engines. Want to dive deeper into Edge AI security , LLM Quantization , or WebGPU performance tuning ? Head over to the WellAlly Tech Blog where we break down the latest advancements in local-first software architecture. What do you think? Would you trust a local-only AI more than ChatGPT for sensitive topics? Let me know in the comments below! 👇 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Beck_Moulton Follow Joined Aug 22, 2022 More from Beck_Moulton Private & Fast: Building a Browser-Based Dermatology Screener with WebLLM and WebGPU # privacy # ai # web # webdev Federated Learning or Bust: Architecting Privacy-First Health AI # machinelearning # architecture # privacy # devops Why Your Health Data Belongs on Your Device (Not the Cloud): A Local-First Manifesto # architecture # privacy # offlinefirst # database 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/miltivik/how-i-built-a-high-performance-social-api-with-bun-elysiajs-on-a-5-vps-handling-36k-reqsmin-5do4 | How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse nicomedina Posted on Jan 13 How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) # bunjs # api # javascript # programming The Goal I wanted to build a "Micro-Social" API—a backend service capable of handling Twitter-like feeds, follows, and likes—without breaking the bank. My constraints were simple: Budget:** $5 - $20 / month. Performance:** Sub-300ms latency. Scale:** Must handle concurrent load (stress testing). Most tutorials show you Hello World . This post shows you what happens when you actually hit Hello World with 25 concurrent users on a cheap VPS. (Spoiler: It crashes). Here is how I fixed it. ## The Stack 🛠️ I chose Bun over Node.js for its startup speed and built-in tooling. Runtime: Bun Framework: ElysiaJS (Fastest Bun framework) Database: PostgreSQL (via Dokploy) ORM: Drizzle (Lightweight & Type-safe) Hosting: VPS with Dokploy (Docker Compose) The "Oh Sh*t" Moment 🚨 I deployed my first version. It worked fine for me. Then I ran a load test using k6 to simulate 25 virtual users browsing various feeds. k6 run tests/stress-test.js Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Result: ✗ http_req_failed................: 86.44% ✗ status is 429..................: 86.44% The server wasn't crashing, but it was rejecting almost everyone. Diagnosis I initially blamed Traefik (the reverse proxy). But digging into the code, I found the culprit was me . // src/index.ts // OLD CONFIGURATION . use ( rateLimit ({ duration : 60 _000 , max : 100 // 💀 100 requests per minute... GLOBAL per IP? })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Since my stress test (and likely any future NATed corporate office) sent all requests from a single IP, I was essentially DDOSing myself. The Fixes 🔧 1. Tuning the Rate Limiter I bumped the limit to 2,500 req/min . This prevents abuse while allowing heavy legitimate traffic (or load balancers). // src/index.ts . use ( rateLimit ({ duration : 60 _000 , max : 2500 // Much better for standard reliable APIs })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Database Connection Pooling The default Postgres pool size is often small (e.g., 10 or 20). My VPS has 4GB RAM. PostgreSQL needs RAM for connections, but not that much. I bumped the pool to 80 connections . // src/db/index.ts const client = postgres ( process . env . DATABASE_URL , { max : 80 }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Horizontal Scaling with Docker Node/Bun is single-threaded. A single container uses 1 CPU core effectivey. My VPS has 2 vCPUs. I added a replicas instruction to my docker-compose.dokploy.yml : api : build : . restart : always deploy : replicas : 2 # One for each core! Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This instantly doubled my throughput capacity. Traefik automatically load-balances between the two containers. The Final Result 🟢 Ran k6 again: ✓ checks_succeeded...: 100.00% ✓ http_req_duration..: p(95)=200.45ms ✓ http_req_failed....: 0.00% (excluding auth checks) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 0 errors. 200ms latency. On a cheap VPS. Takeaway You don't need Kubernetes for a side project. You just need to understand where your bottlenecks are: Application Layer: Check your Rate Limits. Database Layer: Check your Connection Pool. Hardware: Use all your cores (Replicas). If you want to try the API, I published it on RapidAPI as Micro-Social API . https://rapidapi.com/ismamed4/api/micro-social Happy coding! 🚀 Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Curious about what makes apps succeed (or fail). Sharing lessons from real-world performance stories. Pronouns She/Her Joined Jun 24, 2025 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great article! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse nicomedina Follow Hello im a Uruguayan Developer and im a person who always want to search, learn, and adapt new habit or skills in me. Location Uruguay Education UTEC Pronouns He/His Joined Jan 11, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev 🧗♂️Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Max Dot Product of Two Subsequences' – LeetCode 1458 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/tatyanabayramova/ai-in-assistive-technologies-for-people-with-visual-impairments-3peh | AI in Assistive Technologies for People with Visual Impairments - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tatyana Bayramova, CPACC Posted on Jan 12 • Originally published at tatanotes.com AI in Assistive Technologies for People with Visual Impairments # discuss # a11y # ai # news The other day, I watched a report on NHK WORLD JAPAN BIZ STREAM program about digital AIs and found out about Eye Navi app, which helps people with visual impairments to see and navigate the world around them. The app uses a smartphone camera to collect information about the environment and then processes it using AI to provide the user with an audio description: "The system provides audible notification of the presence or absence of pedestrians, car stops, and other obstacles to walking, as well as the color of pedestrian signals." Unfortunately, the app is currently only available in Japan, but while researching this topic, I found similar apps available in other countries: Be My Eyes - a free app that connects blind or low vision users who want support with volunteers and companies across the world through live video and AI. Lookout by Google - using your phone's camera, this app makes it easier to get more information about the world around you and allows you to do everyday tasks more efficiently like reading text and documents, sorting mail, etc. Lookout is available only on Android devices. Seeing AI by Microsoft - a free app that describes the world around you. It helps with everyday tasks, such as reading, describing photos, identifying products, and more. Image credit: Eye Navi website. Sources BIZ STREAM "Looking through Digital AIs" Eye Navi Be My Eyes Fee Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Tatyana Bayramova, CPACC Follow Senior Software Engineer | CPACC | IAAP Member | Accessibility Joined Dec 3, 2024 More from Tatyana Bayramova, CPACC Glaucoma Awareness Month # a11y # discuss # news Accessibility Testing on Windows on Mac # a11y # testing # web # discuss Our Rights, Our Future, Right Now - Celebrating Human Rights Day # a11y # discuss # news # learning 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/codemouse92/updated-opensource-tag-guidelines-55m5 | Updated #opensource Tag Guidelines - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Jason C. McDonald Posted on Jul 17, 2019 • Edited on Apr 8, 2020 Updated #opensource Tag Guidelines # opensource # meta Updated 8 April 2020 The #opensource tag is awesome, but it's also been lacking a lot of focus. Is it for promoting projects? Talking about open source? Posting lists of the top 20 open source Javascript modules? It's hard to tell. In a way, because the lion's share of our technologies, libraries, tools, and projects are open source, nearly everything qualified for this tag before. It was becoming our site's junk drawer as it were - lots of nifty and useful stuff, but no semblance of organization to any of it. Since DEV.to rolled out Listings , I'm taking the opportunity to narrow the tag focus a bit. The goal is to give the #opensource tag clear topic boundaries, so Following it doesn't lead to a bunch of irrelevant posts leaking into your feed. New Guidelines I've updated the tag guidelines, but I wanted to lay out the changes here. Posts promoting a single project should go on Listings , or on #showdev or #news if it qualifies. Posts using or mentioning one or more open source projects should go on the appropriate tags for the relevant languages and technologies. This includes tutorials, "round ups", guides, comparisons, reviews, and the like. These typically land in #opensource, and are the main reason for the tag clutter. Announcements relating to your awesome project, including new features, releases, versions, and the like, should go on #news or Listings , or should be expanded out into a proper article (tutorial, maybe?) and posted on the appropriate technology tags. Open source contributor requests should go on #contributorswanted or Listings . If you're just bursting with pride at something you built, use the #showdev tag instead. "Roundups" and other lists of cool open source projects belong on #githunt . What Changed? All this mainly means the #opensource tag is no longer valid merely if the project(s) being discusses happen to be open source! To put that another way, here's a few theoretical topics which would have been #opensource material before, but aren't now. "Top 10 Open Source Python Data Modules" ( #python ) "My Awesome Data Visualizer in Go" ( #go , #showdev ) "Looking for contributors to Supercoolproject" (Listings or #contributorswanted ) "What I did on my Perl project this week" ( #perl , #devjournal , possibly #showdev ) "Installing Epictool on Ubuntu" ( #ubuntu ) "5 Open Source Alternatives to AWS" ( #cloud ) What SHOULD It Be? Articles in this tag should be about at least one of these three broad topics: Organizing, managing, running, contributing to, or working in an Open Source project. Open Source philosophy, licensing, and/or practical and legal topics thereof. Advocacy and adoption of Open Source philosophy . Aliases #foss and #freesoftware have been aliased over to #opensource (thanks @michaeltharrington !) and the tag info updated to account for that. I know that Free Software is culturally distinct from Open Source, but as the former is always compliant to a subset of the latter, having one tag for all just makes sense. Guideline Enforcement I won't be applying this to any posts before July 17th 2019 (retroactive guidelines just aren't fair). If the #opensource tag is used incorrectly in new posts, I'll remove it and provide a friendly reminder, along with suggestions on better tags to use. I know it'll take a while to get used to the updated rules, so don't worry if you miss it a few dozen times. Top comments (8) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Follow A Canadian software developer who thinks he’s funny. Email ben@forem.com Location NY Education Mount Allison University Pronouns He/him Work Co-founder at Forem Joined Dec 27, 2015 • Jul 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Well thought out Jason. I'll be following along. We'll have some more easily accessible tag guidelines adjacent to the editor coming soon so folks can understand the instructions without being caught off guard by doing it wrong. As more folks define their guidelines, my biggest worry is what a lot of forums become when mods are overbearing. So I'm glad this is well thought out and well described. @michaeltharrington let's Jason well with this and we'll coordinate on functionality that needs to ship. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow I'm a friendly, non-dev, cisgender guy from NC who enjoys playing music/making noise, hiking, eating veggies, and hanging out with my best friend/wife + our 3 kitties + 1 greyhound. Email mct3545@gmail.com Location North Carolina Education BFA in Creative Writing Pronouns he/him Work Senior Community Manager at DEV Joined Oct 24, 2017 • Jul 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Agreed! This is very well thought out. I think this tag will definitely benefit from more focus. Jason, feel free to hit me up if you need a hand with anything. I'm happy to help! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Follow Author. Speaker. Time Lord. (Views are my own) Email codemouse92@outlook.com Location Time Vortex Pronouns he/him Work Author of "Dead Simple Python" (No Starch Press) Joined Jan 31, 2017 • Jul 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks, Michael and Ben! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand William Antonelli William Antonelli William Antonelli Follow Joined Mar 7, 2019 • Jul 18 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a list of what not to use the tag for. Can you give some examples of what we would use it for? I think that would be easier to understand. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Follow Author. Speaker. Time Lord. (Views are my own) Email codemouse92@outlook.com Location Time Vortex Pronouns he/him Work Author of "Dead Simple Python" (No Starch Press) Joined Jan 31, 2017 • Jul 18 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem. From the tag info: To keep this tag clean and meaningful, please ensure your post fits into at least one of the following categories: * Organizing, managing, running, or working in an Open Source project. * Open Source philosophy, licensing, and/or practical and legal topics thereof. * Advocacy and adoption of Open Source technology. I'll add that to the post. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Frederik 👨💻➡️🌐 Creemers Frederik 👨💻➡️🌐 Creemers Frederik 👨💻➡️🌐 Creemers Follow I'm never sure what to put in a bio. If there's anything you want to know, don't be afraid to ask! Email frederikcreemers@gmail.com Location Maastricht, the Netherlands Education Knowledge Engineering & Data Science at Maastricht University Pronouns he/him Work Developer at TalkJS Joined Mar 22, 2017 • Jul 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I think the #githunt tag is also relevant here. Looking at some of its recent posts, it could also use some enforcement of its guidelines. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Follow Author. Speaker. Time Lord. (Views are my own) Email codemouse92@outlook.com Location Time Vortex Pronouns he/him Work Author of "Dead Simple Python" (No Starch Press) Joined Jan 31, 2017 • Aug 3 '19 • Edited on Aug 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Y'know, they're always looking for more tag moderators, and I agree that #githunt needs some love. Maybe that'd be something you'd be good at? (Contact yo@dev.to if you're interested.) Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Some comments have been hidden by the post's author - find out more Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Jason C. McDonald Follow Author. Speaker. Time Lord. (Views are my own) Location Time Vortex Pronouns he/him Work Author of "Dead Simple Python" (No Starch Press) Joined Jan 31, 2017 More from Jason C. McDonald 5 Ways to Retain Open Source Contributors # opensource # culture # projectmanagement Social Lifespan of Posts # meta # discuss Introducing #devjournal # devjournal # meta 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:50 |
https://forem.com/ben-santora | Ben Santora - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Ben Santora Linux OS - Local AI - Small Language Models Location Montserrat MA Joined Joined on Jan 1, 2026 Personal website https://github.com/ben-santora github website Work Engineering Technician More info about @ben-santora Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Currently learning Jan.ai - Qwen2_5-7B-Instruct-IQ4_XS SLM - Testing / Training / Fine-Tuning Currently hacking on Testing and fine-tuning local operation of Qwen2_5-7B-Instruct-IQ4_XS small language model. --- HP PC Specs = i7-1165G7 (AVX-512) & 11GiB RAM - CPU Only - Inference ~390% CPU load. Available for AI - SLMs Post 2 posts published Comment 4 comments written Tag 7 tags followed Is an AI Model Software? – A Low‑Level Technical View Ben Santora Ben Santora Ben Santora Follow Jan 12 Is an AI Model Software? – A Low‑Level Technical View # discuss # ai # architecture # software 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Want to connect with Ben Santora ? Create an account to connect with Ben Santora . You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in SLMs, LLMs and a Devious Logic Puzzle Test Ben Santora Ben Santora Ben Santora Follow Jan 12 SLMs, LLMs and a Devious Logic Puzzle Test # llm # performance # testing 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:50 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Beginners Follow Hide "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." -Chinese Proverb Create Post submission guidelines UPDATED AUGUST 2, 2019 This tag is dedicated to beginners to programming, development, networking, or to a particular language. Everything should be geared towards that! For Questions... Consider using this tag along with #help, if... You are new to a language, or to programming in general, You want an explanation with NO prerequisite knowledge required. You want insight from more experienced developers. Please do not use this tag if you are merely new to a tool, library, or framework. See also, #explainlikeimfive For Articles... Posts should be specifically geared towards true beginners (experience level 0-2 out of 10). Posts should require NO prerequisite knowledge, except perhaps general (language-agnostic) essentials of programming. Posts should NOT merely be for beginners to a tool, library, or framework. If your article does not meet these qualifications, please select a different tag. Promotional Rules Posts should NOT primarily promote an external work. This is what Listings is for. Otherwise accepable posts MAY include a brief (1-2 sentence) plug for another resource at the bottom. Resource lists ARE acceptable if they follow these rules: Include at least 3 distinct authors/creators. Clearly indicate which resources are FREE, which require PII, and which cost money. Do not use personal affiliate links to monetize. Indicate at the top that the article contains promotional links. about #beginners If you're writing for this tag, we recommend you read this article . If you're asking a question, read this article . Older #beginners posts 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu How To Replace Over-Complicated NgRx Stores With Angular Signals — Without Losing Control kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 How To Replace Over-Complicated NgRx Stores With Angular Signals — Without Losing Control # webdev # javascript # beginners # angular Comments Add Comment 27 min read AI Automation vs AI Agents: What’s the Real Difference (Explained with Real-Life Examples) Viveka Sharma Viveka Sharma Viveka Sharma Follow Jan 8 AI Automation vs AI Agents: What’s the Real Difference (Explained with Real-Life Examples) # agents # tutorial # beginners # ai 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read How I Would Learn Web3 From Scratch Today (Without Wasting a Year) Emir Taner Emir Taner Emir Taner Follow Jan 12 How I Would Learn Web3 From Scratch Today (Without Wasting a Year) # web3 # beginners # devops # machinelearning 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why I rescheduled my AWS exam today Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Follow Jan 7 Why I rescheduled my AWS exam today # aws # beginners # cloud # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read When Clients & Students Ask Is Web Development Dead? JAMAL AHMAD JAMAL AHMAD JAMAL AHMAD Follow Jan 6 When Clients & Students Ask Is Web Development Dead? # webdev # programming # beginners # ai Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a Simple REST API with Express.js — The Right Way kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 Building a Simple REST API with Express.js — The Right Way # webdev # node # javascript # beginners Comments Add Comment 11 min read Reflexes, Cognition, and Thought Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Follow Jan 7 Reflexes, Cognition, and Thought # showdev # arduino # hardware # beginners Comments Add Comment 5 min read "It Works on My Machine" — এই ভূতের ওঝা যখন ডকার (Docker) Shuvro_baset Shuvro_baset Shuvro_baset Follow Jan 6 "It Works on My Machine" — এই ভূতের ওঝা যখন ডকার (Docker) # beginners # devops # docker Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚀 Build a Real-Time Python Auction App (Beginner Guide) Mate Technologies Mate Technologies Mate Technologies Follow Jan 6 🚀 Build a Real-Time Python Auction App (Beginner Guide) # python # desktopapp # networking # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Really Happens When an LLM Chooses the Next Token🤯 Louis Liu Louis Liu Louis Liu Follow Jan 12 What Really Happens When an LLM Chooses the Next Token🤯 # programming # ai # beginners # javascript 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Variables and Constants in Swift Gamya Gamya Gamya Follow Jan 6 Variables and Constants in Swift # beginners # swift # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Two `if` Statements in Python Comprehensions (And Why Beginners Mix Them Up) Samuel Ochaba Samuel Ochaba Samuel Ochaba Follow Jan 6 The Two `if` Statements in Python Comprehensions (And Why Beginners Mix Them Up) # python # programming # beginners # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read How we stopped shipping broken Angular code by making mistakes impossible kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 How we stopped shipping broken Angular code by making mistakes impossible # webdev # javascript # angular # beginners Comments Add Comment 12 min read Why Your 2026 Coding Routine is Failing (and the 90-Minute Fix That Actually Works) Code Practice Code Practice Code Practice Follow Jan 6 Why Your 2026 Coding Routine is Failing (and the 90-Minute Fix That Actually Works) # coding # webdev # beginners # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read System Design Fundamentals: From Monolith to Microservices Chandrashekhar Kachawa Chandrashekhar Kachawa Chandrashekhar Kachawa Follow Jan 7 System Design Fundamentals: From Monolith to Microservices # programming # ai # webdev # beginners Comments Add Comment 4 min read Build Your Own Local AI Agent (Part 3): The Code Archaeologist 🔦 Harish Kotra (he/him) Harish Kotra (he/him) Harish Kotra (he/him) Follow Jan 7 Build Your Own Local AI Agent (Part 3): The Code Archaeologist 🔦 # programming # ai # beginners # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read 2026 New Year Challenge - 5 Projects United Hackathon yijun xu yijun xu yijun xu Follow Jan 7 2026 New Year Challenge - 5 Projects United Hackathon # programming # ai # beginners # llm Comments Add Comment 3 min read Conversion Funnels & the Banality of Success Nick Goldstein Nick Goldstein Nick Goldstein Follow Jan 7 Conversion Funnels & the Banality of Success # startup # beginners # productivity # marketing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Evaluate ML Models Step by Step likhitha manikonda likhitha manikonda likhitha manikonda Follow Jan 6 How to Evaluate ML Models Step by Step # ai # machinelearning # beginners # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Elixir - A brief introduction to the language behind WhatsApp, Nubank, Brex, and so many others! Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Follow Jan 7 Elixir - A brief introduction to the language behind WhatsApp, Nubank, Brex, and so many others! # beginners # programming # startup # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read REST API and Common HTTP Methods Manikanta Yarramsetti Manikanta Yarramsetti Manikanta Yarramsetti Follow Jan 11 REST API and Common HTTP Methods # api # beginners # tutorial # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Scrapy Authentication & Login Forms: Scrape Behind the Login Wall Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Follow Jan 7 Scrapy Authentication & Login Forms: Scrape Behind the Login Wall # programming # python # beginners # webdev Comments Add Comment 7 min read Scrapy Error Handling & Retry Logic: When Things Go Wrong Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Follow Jan 5 Scrapy Error Handling & Retry Logic: When Things Go Wrong # webdev # programming # productivity # beginners Comments Add Comment 7 min read Introduction: Analyzing randomness with AI nichebrai nichebrai nichebrai Follow Jan 11 Introduction: Analyzing randomness with AI # python # data # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read USE NEW KEYWORD IN METHOD FOR OBJECT CREATION AND PUTTING VALUE IN IT(SPRINGBOOT) Er. Bhupendra Er. Bhupendra Er. Bhupendra Follow Jan 7 USE NEW KEYWORD IN METHOD FOR OBJECT CREATION AND PUTTING VALUE IN IT(SPRINGBOOT) # beginners # java # springboot Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/t/testing/page/6 | Testing Page 6 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Exploratory testing on mobile: the messy checks that find real bugs Kelina Cowell Kelina Cowell Kelina Cowell Follow Dec 22 '25 Exploratory testing on mobile: the messy checks that find real bugs # gamedev # ux # testing # qualityassurance Comments Add Comment 5 min read Help me, and other developers, discover how to create more efficient automated testing environments mobtone mobtone mobtone Follow Dec 22 '25 Help me, and other developers, discover how to create more efficient automated testing environments # tooling # testing # devops # cicd Comments Add Comment 1 min read Improving a Tutorial That Failed During Testing Favoured Anuanatata Favoured Anuanatata Favoured Anuanatata Follow Dec 22 '25 Improving a Tutorial That Failed During Testing # testing # documentation # opensource # tutorial Comments Add Comment 1 min read Responsive Web Design: Breakpoints, Layouts & Real Testing Guide prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 22 '25 Responsive Web Design: Breakpoints, Layouts & Real Testing Guide # ux # frontend # testing # css Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Run and Test Your Midnight DApps Giovanni Giovanni Giovanni Follow Dec 23 '25 How to Run and Test Your Midnight DApps # testing # tutorial # web3 Comments Add Comment 2 min read How Blackbox Testing Mimics Real User Behavior? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Dec 22 '25 How Blackbox Testing Mimics Real User Behavior? # software # devops # testing Comments Add Comment 4 min read Part 6: Test and Demo - Ktor Native Worker Tutorial Nathan Fallet Nathan Fallet Nathan Fallet Follow Dec 21 '25 Part 6: Test and Demo - Ktor Native Worker Tutorial # testing # kotlin # docker # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Logistics Software Testing: How to Do Quality Assurance for Logistics TestFort TestFort TestFort Follow Dec 22 '25 Logistics Software Testing: How to Do Quality Assurance for Logistics # performance # security # testing Comments Add Comment 13 min read Pseudo-localization for Automated i18n Testing Anton Antonov Anton Antonov Anton Antonov Follow Dec 23 '25 Pseudo-localization for Automated i18n Testing # testing # qa # frontend # automation 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read The Non-Negotiable Art of App Quality Assurance Aditya Aditya Aditya Follow Dec 22 '25 The Non-Negotiable Art of App Quality Assurance # performance # testing # ux Comments Add Comment 3 min read CI/CD for Dummies Cloudev Cloudev Cloudev Follow Dec 20 '25 CI/CD for Dummies # cicd # automation # testing # githubactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stop Building "Zombie UI": The Resilient UX Checklist (Playwright + Python) Ilya Ploskovitov Ilya Ploskovitov Ilya Ploskovitov Follow Dec 24 '25 Stop Building "Zombie UI": The Resilient UX Checklist (Playwright + Python) # testing # ux # playwright # qa Comments Add Comment 3 min read Triggering Cypress End-to-End Tests Manually on Different Browsers with GitHub Actions Talking About Testing Talking About Testing Talking About Testing Follow for Cypress Dec 19 '25 Triggering Cypress End-to-End Tests Manually on Different Browsers with GitHub Actions # testing # cicd # github # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read VOPR: The Multiverse Machine That Kills Production Bugs Mr. 0x1 Mr. 0x1 Mr. 0x1 Follow Dec 24 '25 VOPR: The Multiverse Machine That Kills Production Bugs # testing # distributedsystems # zig # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 10 min read Ascoos OS: A Different Logic in Programming Christos Drogidis Christos Drogidis Christos Drogidis Follow Dec 19 '25 Ascoos OS: A Different Logic in Programming # architecture # testing # tooling Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Analyze AI Agent Traces Like a Detective shashank agarwal shashank agarwal shashank agarwal Follow Dec 19 '25 How to Analyze AI Agent Traces Like a Detective # ai # testing # agents # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read AutoQA-Agent: Write Acceptance Tests in Markdown, Run Them with AI + Playwright NEE NEE NEE Follow Dec 19 '25 AutoQA-Agent: Write Acceptance Tests in Markdown, Run Them with AI + Playwright # testing # playwright # ai # qa 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Performance Under Pressure: Crisis Detection Without UI Lag CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Dec 18 '25 Performance Under Pressure: Crisis Detection Without UI Lag # testing # a11y # healthcare # react Comments Add Comment 10 min read How to Design Test Cases for LeetCode Problems: A Step-by-Step Edge Case Playbook Alex Hunter Alex Hunter Alex Hunter Follow Dec 18 '25 How to Design Test Cases for LeetCode Problems: A Step-by-Step Edge Case Playbook # leetcode # testing # edgecases # debugging Comments Add Comment 7 min read How to Evaluate Your RAG System: A Complete Guide to Metrics, Methods, and Best Practices Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Follow Dec 18 '25 How to Evaluate Your RAG System: A Complete Guide to Metrics, Methods, and Best Practices # llm # rag # testing Comments Add Comment 18 min read Pen Testing IoT Devices Aviral Srivastava Aviral Srivastava Aviral Srivastava Follow Dec 18 '25 Pen Testing IoT Devices # cybersecurity # testing # iot # security Comments Add Comment 8 min read How to Use Synthetic Data to Evaluate LLM Prompts: A Step-by-Step Guide Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Follow Dec 19 '25 How to Use Synthetic Data to Evaluate LLM Prompts: A Step-by-Step Guide # data # testing # llm # tutorial Comments Add Comment 8 min read Rethinking Unit Tests for AI Development: From Correctness to Contract Protection synthaicode synthaicode synthaicode Follow Dec 22 '25 Rethinking Unit Tests for AI Development: From Correctness to Contract Protection # ai # architecture # testing # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 3 min read Understanding False Positives in AI Code Detection Systems Carl Max Carl Max Carl Max Follow Dec 19 '25 Understanding False Positives in AI Code Detection Systems # discuss # testing # ai # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 4 min read A/B Testing Prompts: A Complete Guide to Optimizing LLM Performance Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Follow Dec 19 '25 A/B Testing Prompts: A Complete Guide to Optimizing LLM Performance # testing # performance # llm # ai Comments Add Comment 7 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/datalaria/weather-service-project-part-1-building-the-data-collector-with-python-and-github-actions-or-2ibd | Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Report Abuse Daniel for Datalaria Posted on Jan 12 • Originally published at datalaria.com Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # python # automation # tutorial As I mentioned in a previous post, one of my goals with Datalaria is to get my hands dirty with projects that allow me to learn and connect different technologies in the data world. Today, we begin a series dedicated to one of those projects: the creation of a complete global weather service , from data collection to visualization and prediction, all serverless and using free tools. In this first installment, we will focus on the heart of the system: the backend data collector . We'll see how to build a "robot" that works for us 24/7, connecting to an external API, saving structured information, and doing all this automatically and for free. Let's dive in! The First Step: Talking to the OpenWeatherMap API Every weather service needs a data source. I chose OpenWeatherMap for its popularity and generous free plan. The initial process is straightforward: Register : Create an account on their website. Get the API Key : Generate a unique key that will identify us in each call. It's like our "key" to access their data. Store the Key : Never directly in the code! We'll discuss this further below. With the key in hand (or almost!), I wrote a first test_clima.py script to test the connection using Python's fantastic requests library: import requests API_KEY = " YOUR_API_KEY_HERE " # Temporarily! We'll use Secrets later CITY = " Madrid " URL = f " [https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=](https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=) { CITY } &appid= { API_KEY } &units=metric&lang=es " try : response = requests . get ( URL ) response . raise_for_status () # Raises an exception for HTTP errors (4xx or 5xx) data = response . json () print ( f " Temperature in { CITY } : { data [ ' main ' ][ ' temp ' ] } °C " ) except requests . exceptions . RequestException as e : print ( f " Error connecting to the API: { e } " ) except KeyError as e : print ( f " Unexpected API response, key missing: { e } " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode First Obstacle Overcome (with Patience): When I first ran it, I got a 401 Unauthorized error! 😱 It turns out that OpenWeatherMap API Keys can take a few hours to activate after being generated. The lesson: sometimes, the solution is simply to wait. ⏳ The "Database": Why CSV and Not SQL? With data flowing, I needed to store it. I could have set up an SQL database (PostgreSQL, MySQL...), but that would involve complexity, a server (cost), and for this project, it was overkill. I opted for radical simplicity: CSV (Comma Separated Values) files . Advantages : Easy to read and write with Python, perfectly versionable with Git (we can track changes), and sufficient for the initial data volume we'd be handling. Key Logic : I needed to append a new row to each city's file daily, but only write the header ( date_time , city , temperature_c , etc.) the first time. Python's native csv library and os.path.exists make this trivial: import csv import os from datetime import datetime # ... (code to fetch API data for a city) ... now = datetime . now (). strftime ( ' %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ' ) data_row = [ now , city , temperature , ...] # List with the data header = [ ' date_time ' , ' city ' , ' temperature_c ' , ...] # List with column names file_name = f " data/ { city } .csv " # We'll create a 'data' folder # Ensure the 'data' folder exists os . makedirs ( os . path . dirname ( file_name ), exist_ok = True ) is_new_file = not os . path . exists ( file_name ) try : with open ( file_name , mode = ' a ' , newline = '' , encoding = ' utf-8 ' ) as f : writer = csv . writer ( f ) if is_new_file : writer . writerow ( header ) # Write header ONLY if new file writer . writerow ( data_row ) # Append the new data row print ( f " Data saved for { city } " ) except IOError as e : print ( f " Error writing to { file_name } : { e } " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The Automation Robot: GitHub Actions to the Rescue 🤖 Here comes the magic: how to make this script run daily without having a server constantly on? The answer is GitHub Actions , the automation engine integrated into GitHub. It's like having a small robot working for us for free. Security First: Never Upload Your API Key! The biggest mistake would be to upload registrar_clima.py with the API_KEY written directly in the code. Anyone could see it on GitHub. Solution : Use GitHub's Repository Secrets . Go to Settings > Secrets and variables > Actions in your GitHub repository. Create a new secret named OPENWEATHER_API_KEY and paste your key there. In your Python script, read the key securely using os.environ.get("OPENWEATHER_API_KEY") . The Robot's Brain: The .github/workflows/update-weather.yml File This YAML file tells GitHub Actions what to do and when: name : Daily Weather Data Update on : workflow_dispatch : # Allows manual triggering from GitHub push : branches : [ main ] # Triggers if changes are pushed to the main branch schedule : - cron : ' 0 6 * * *' # The key: triggers daily at 06:00 UTC jobs : update_data : runs-on : ubuntu-latest # Use a free Linux virtual machine steps : - name : Checkout repository code uses : actions/checkout@v4 # Downloads our code - name : Set up Python uses : actions/setup-python@v5 with : python-version : ' 3.10' # Or your preferred version - name : Install necessary dependencies run : pip install -r requirements.txt # Reads requirements.txt and installs requests, etc. - name : Execute data collection script run : python registrar_clima.py # Our main script! env : OPENWEATHER_API_KEY : ${{ secrets.OPENWEATHER_API_KEY }} # Securely injects the secret - name : Save new data to repository (Commit & Push) run : | git config user.name 'github-actions[bot]' # Identifies the 'bot' git config user.email 'github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com' git add data/*.csv # Adds ONLY the modified CSV files in the 'data' folder # Check if there are changes before committing to avoid empty commits git diff --staged --quiet || git commit -m "Automated weather data update 🤖" git push # Pushes changes to the repository env : GITHUB_TOKEN : ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} # Automatic token to allow the push Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This last step is crucial! The Action itself acts as a user, performing git add , git commit , and git push of the CSV files that the Python script has just modified. This way, the updated data is saved in our repository every day. The Serverless Alternative: Deployment and Automation with Netlify 🚀 While GitHub Actions is a fantastic automation tool, for this project I decided to explore an alternative even more integrated with the "serverless" concept: Netlify . Netlify not only allows us to deploy our static frontend (like GitHub Pages) but also offers serverless functions and, crucially for our backend, scheduled functions (or Cron Jobs) . Deploying the Static Frontend with Netlify Connect Your Repository : The process is incredibly simple. Log in to Netlify, click "Add new site," and select "Import an existing project." Connect with your GitHub account and choose your Weather Service project repository. Basic Configuration : Netlify will automatically detect your project. Ensure that the "Build command" is empty (as it's a static site with no build process) and that the "Publish directory" is the root of your repository ( ./ ). Continuous Deployment : Netlify will automatically configure continuous deployment. Every time you git push to your main branch (or whichever branch you've configured), Netlify will rebuild and deploy your site. Automating the Backend with Netlify Functions (and Cron Jobs) This is where Netlify Serverless Functions shine for our data collector. Instead of a GitHub Actions workflow, we can use a Netlify function to run our Python script on a schedule: Project Structure : Create a netlify/functions/ folder at the root of your project. Inside, you can have a Python file like collect_weather.py . Dependency Management : You'll need a requirements.txt file at the root of your project for Netlify to install Python dependencies ( requests , pandas , scikit-learn ). netlify.toml Configuration : This file at your project's root is crucial for defining your functions and their schedules: [build] publish = "." # Directory where your index.html is located command = "" # No build command needed for a static site [functions] directory = "netlify/functions" # Where your functions are located node_bundler = "esbuild" # For JS/TS functions. Netlify will detect Python. [[edge_functions]] # For scheduling a function (requires Netlify Edge Functions) function = "collect_weather" # The name of your function (without the .py extension) path = "/.netlify/functions/collect_weather" # The function path (can be different) schedule = "@daily" # Or use a cron string like "0 6 * * *" The Python Function ( netlify/functions/collect_weather.py ) : This function will encapsulate the logic of your registrar_clima.py . Netlify will execute it in a Python environment. # netlify/functions/collect_weather.py import json import requests import os import time from datetime import datetime import csv # ... (all your registrar_clima.py script code goes here) ... # Ensure API_KEYs are read from os.environ # and that data is written directly to the repository using GitPython # or in a way that Netlify can persist changes. # **Important**: Netlify Functions are ephemeral. # To persist changes in the repo, you would need Git integration # similar to what GitHub Actions would do (using a Personal Access Token). # However, for a static frontend, the simplest approach is for this function # to only generate a predictions JSON and upload it to storage like S3, # or for the Python collection script to continue running on GitHub Actions # and Netlify only serve the frontend. # If the idea is for Netlify to ALSO commit, this is more complex # and would require a Git API or a PAT token from Netlify. def handler ( event , context ): # The main call to your data collection logic would go here # This is a simplified example try : # Your logic to fetch and save data, generate CSVs/JSONs # If you want this to commit to GitHub, you would need: # 1. A GitHub PAT token stored as an environment variable in Netlify. # 2. A library like GitPython to interact with Git. # It is more common for serverless functions to persist data in databases # or object storage services (e.g., S3), not in the Git repo itself. # For this project, the GitHub Actions approach for the backend # that directly commits to the repo is still simpler # for CSV storage. Netlify would be ideal for the frontend # and functions for real-time APIs or lightweight predictions. print ( " Netlify function for weather collection executed. " ) # If the function generates any JSON output for the frontend, it would return it here: # return { # "statusCode": 200, # "body": json.dumps({"message": "Data collection complete"}), # } return { " statusCode " : 200 , " body " : json . dumps ({ " message " : " Backend logic would run here. For data persistence in GitHub, GitHub Actions is more direct. " }), } except Exception as e : return { " statusCode " : 500 , " body " : json . dumps ({ " error " : str ( e )}), } Environment Variables in Netlify : For the OPENWEATHER_API_KEY , go to Site settings > Build & deploy > Environment variables and add your key there. Important Consideration : For the Netlify function to persist changes directly to your GitHub repository (like committing the CSVs), you would need a more advanced setup (such as using a GitHub Personal Access Token within the Netlify function to perform git push ), which is more complex. To maintain simplicity and direct storage in the Git repository with automatic CSV commits, the GitHub Actions solution remains the most straightforward and efficient for the data collector backend in this specific case . Netlify excels at frontend deployment and for functions that interact with external services or databases without committing to the main application's Git repository. In this project, we use GitHub Actions for the backend (collecting and committing CSVs) and Netlify for frontend deployment and potentially for lighter, real-time functions that don't need to modify the Git repo. This last step is crucial! The Action itself acts as a user, performing git add , git commit , and git push of the CSV files that the Python script has just modified. This way, the updated data is saved in our repository every day. The Scaling Problem (and the Necessary Architectural Pivot) My initial idea was to monitor about 1000 cities and store everything in a single weather_data.csv file. I did a quick calculation: 1000 cities * ~200 bytes/day * 365 days * 3 years... over 200 MB! 😱 Why is this a problem? Because the frontend (our dashboard, which we'll see in the next post) runs in the user's browser. It would have to download that entire 200 MB just to display the graph for one city. Totally unacceptable in terms of performance. 🐢 The Architectural Solution: Switch to a "one file per entity" strategy. We create a data/ folder. The registrar_clima.py script now generates (or appends data to) one CSV file per city: data/Madrid.csv , data/Leon.csv , data/Tokyo.csv , etc. This way, when the user wants to see the weather for Leon, the frontend will only download the data/Leon.csv file, which will be just a few kilobytes. Instant loading! ✨ Second Scaling Obstacle (API Limits): OpenWeatherMap, in its free plan, allows about 60 calls per minute. My loop to get data for 155 cities (my current list) would make these calls too quickly. Vital Solution: Add import time at the beginning of the Python script and time.sleep(1.1) at the end of the for city in cities: loop. This introduces a pause of slightly more than 1 second between each API call, ensuring we stay below the limit and avoid being blocked. 🚦 Conclusion (Part 1) We've got the foundation! We've built a robust and automated system that: Connects to an external API securely. Processes and stores historical data for multiple entities (cities). Runs daily, at no cost, thanks to GitHub Actions. Is designed to scale efficiently. In the next post, we'll put on our frontend developer hats and build the interactive dashboard that will allow any user to explore this data with dynamic graphs. Don't miss it! References and Links of Interest: Complete Web Service : See the live project in action here: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Project GitHub Repository : Explore the source code and project structure: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather OpenWeatherMap : Weather API documentation: https://openweathermap.org/api Python Requests : Documentation for the HTTP requests library: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/ GitHub Actions : Official GitHub Actions guide: https://docs.github.com/en/actions Netlify : Official Netlify website: https://www.netlify.com/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Datalaria Follow More from Datalaria Data Visualization - Basics # beginners # datascience # tutorial Visualizaciones básicas # tutorial # datascience # beginners # spanish 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . 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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/contrast-sync-vs-async-failure-classes-using-first-principles-d12#comments | Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign 1. Start from First Principles: What Is a “Failure Class”? A failure class is not: a bug a timeout an outage A failure class is: A category of things that can go wrong because of how responsibility, time, and state are structured So we ask: What must be true for correctness? What assumptions does the model silently make? What breaks when those assumptions are false? 2. Core Difference (One Sentence) Synchronous systems fail by blocking and cascading. Asynchronous systems fail by duplication, reordering, and invisibility. Everything else is a consequence. 3. Synchronous Systems — Failure Classes Definition (First Principles) A synchronous system assumes: “The caller waits while the callee finishes the work.” This couples: time availability correctness Failure Class 1: Blocking Amplification Question asked: What happens while the system waits? Reality: Threads blocked Connections held Memory retained Failure mode: Load increases → latency increases → throughput collapses This is not just “slow.” It is non-linear failure . Failure Class 2: Cascading Failure Question asked: What if a dependency slows down? Because everything is waiting: Agent slows → backend slows Backend slows → frontend retries Retries amplify load Failure mode: One slow dependency can take down the entire system Failure Class 3: Availability Coupling Question asked: Can the system function if the dependency is down? Answer in sync systems: No Failure mode: Partial outage becomes total outage Summary: Sync Failure Classes Category Root Cause Blocking Time is coupled Cascades Dependencies are inline Global outage Availability is transitive 4. Asynchronous Systems — Failure Classes Definition (First Principles) An async system assumes: “Work can finish later, possibly multiple times, possibly out of order.” This decouples time but removes guarantees . Failure Class 1: Duplicate Execution Question asked: What happens if work is retried? Reality: At-least-once delivery Worker crashes Message reprocessed Failure mode: Same logical action happens multiple times This breaks: Exactly-once semantics Idempotency assumptions Failure Class 2: Ordering Violations Question asked: What defines sequence? Reality: Queues don’t know business order Workers process independently Failure mode: Effects appear out of logical order For chat systems: Responses based on future messages Context corruption Failure Class 3: Completion Invisibility Question asked: How does the user know when work is done? Reality: No direct signal Polling or guessing Failure mode: Users wait blindly or see stale state Failure Class 4: Orphaned Work Question asked: What if the user disappears? Reality: Job keeps running Response stored but never consumed Failure mode: Wasted compute, leaked state Summary: Async Failure Classes Category Root Cause Duplication Retries Reordering Decoupled execution Invisibility No direct completion path Orphans Detached lifecycles 5. Side-by-Side Contrast (Mental Model) Dimension Synchronous Asynchronous Time Coupled Decoupled Failure style Blocking, cascades Duplication, disorder Availability All-or-nothing Partial Correctness risk Latency-based Logic-based Debugging Easier Harder 6. Deep Insight (This Is the Interview Gold) Synchronous systems fail loudly and immediately. Asynchronous systems fail quietly and later. Sync failures are obvious (timeouts, errors) Async failures are subtle (double writes, wrong order) 7. Why Neither Is “Better” From first principles: Sync systems protect causality but sacrifice availability Async systems protect availability but sacrifice causality Real systems exist to reintroduce the lost property : Async systems add idempotency, ordering, state machines Sync systems add timeouts, circuit breakers, fallbacks 8. One-Line Rule to Remember Sync breaks under load. Async breaks under ambiguity. If you want next, we can: Map these failure classes to real outages Show how streaming combines both failure types Practice identifying failure classes on a fresh system Tell me the next direction. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign How to Identify System Design Problems from First Principles # architecture # interview # systemdesign # tutorial 🧱 The Blueprint of Success: Mastering the Technical Requirements Document (TRD) # architecture # career # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/joe-re/i-built-a-desktop-app-to-supercharge-my-tmux-claude-code-workflow-521m | I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse joe-re Posted on Jan 12 I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow # claudecode # tauri # productivity # tmux Background Until recently, I was primarily using Cursor for AI-assisted coding. The editor-centric AI integration worked really well with my development style—it made the feedback loop smooth when AI-generated code didn't match my intentions, whether I needed to manually fix it or provide additional instructions. But everything changed when Opus 4.5 was released in late November last year. Opus 4.5 delivers outputs that match my expectations far better than any previous model. Claude Code's CUI-first design also feels natural to my workflow. Now, Claude Code has become the center of my development process. I've locked in Opus 4.5 as my daily driver. I typically run multiple Claude Code sessions simultaneously—across different projects or multiple branches using git worktree. Managing notifications and checking outputs across these sessions is critical. I was using OS notifications to check in whenever changes happened, but I kept missing them. I wanted something better. So I built an app to streamline my workflow. What I Built eyes-on-claude-code It's a cross-platform desktop application built with Tauri . I've only tested it on macOS (my daily environment), but the codebase is designed to support Linux as well. My Environment & Workflow This app is primarily designed to optimize my own workflow, so the features reflect my environment and habits. I develop using Ghostty + tmux . My typical workflow looks like this: Draft ideas and design in Markdown Give instructions to Claude Code (using Plan mode for larger tasks) Review the diff of generated code, then provide additional instructions or continue Features Multi-Session Monitoring Dashboard The dashboard monitors Claude Code sessions by receiving events through hooks configured in the global settings.json . Since I keep this running during development, I designed it with a minimal, non-intrusive UI. Always-on-top mode (optional) ensures the window doesn't get buried under other apps—so you never miss a notification. Transparency settings let you configure opacity separately for active and inactive states. When inactive, you can make it nearly invisible so it doesn't get in the way. It's there in the top-right corner, barely visible. Status Display & Sound Notifications Sessions are displayed with one of four states: State Meaning Display Active Claude is working 🟢 WaitingPermission Waiting for permission approval 🔐 WaitingInput Waiting for user input (idle) ⏳ Completed Response complete ✅ Sound effects play on state changes (can be toggled off): Waiting (Permission/Input) : Alert tone (two low beeps) Completed : Completion chime (ascending two-note sound) I'm planning to add volume control and custom commands in the future—like using say to speak or playing music on completion 🎵 Git-Based Diff Viewer I usually review AI-generated changes using difit . I wanted to integrate that same flow into this app, so you can launch difit directly on changed files. Huge thanks to the difit team for building such a great tool! tmux Integration When developing, I use tmux panes and tabs to manage multiple windows. My typical setup is Claude Code on the left half, and server/commands on the right. When working across multiple projects or branches via git worktree, it's frustrating to hunt for which tmux tab has Claude Code running. So I added a tmux mirror view that lets you quickly check results and give simple instructions without switching tabs. How It Works The app uses Claude Code hooks to determine session status based on which hooks fire. Event Flow I didn't want to introduce complexity with an intermediate server for inter-process communication. So I went with a simple approach: hooks write to log files, and the app watches those files. Hooks write logs to a temporary directory ( .local/eocc/logs ), which the app monitors. Since Claude Code runs in a terminal, hooks can access terminal environment paths. This lets me grab tmux and npx paths from within hooks and pass them to the app. Mapping Hooks to Status Claude Code provides these hook events: https://code.claude.com/docs/hooks-guide Here's how I map them to session states: Event Usage Session State session_start (startup/resume) Start a session Active session_end End a session Remove session notification (permission_prompt) Waiting for approval WaitingPermission notification (idle_prompt) Waiting for input WaitingInput stop Response completed Completed post_tool_use After tool execution Active user_prompt_submit Prompt submitted Active Conclusion I've only been using Claude Code as my primary tool for about two months, and I expect my workflow will keep evolving. Thanks to AI, I can quickly build and adapt tools like this—which is exactly what makes this era so exciting. If your workflow is similar to mine, give it a try! I'd love to hear your feedback. GitHub : https://github.com/joe-re/eyes-on-claude-code Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse joe-re Follow Software Engineer in Japan Work PeopleX Inc. Joined Jan 2, 2018 Trending on DEV Community Hot AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # programming # ai # career # discuss Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:50 |
https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/applying-first-principles-questioning-to-a-real-company-interview-question-2c0j#comments | Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Case Study: Designing a Chat System (Meta / WhatsApp–Style) This section answers a common follow-up interview request: “Okay, now apply this thinking to a real problem.” We will do exactly that — without jumping to tools or architectures first . The goal is not to “design WhatsApp,” but to demonstrate how interviewers expect you to think . The Interview Question (Realistic & Common) “Design a chat system like WhatsApp.” This is a real company interview question asked (in variants) at: Meta Uber Amazon Stripe Most candidates fail this question not because it’s hard, but because they start in the wrong place . What Most Candidates Do (Wrong Start) Typical opening: “We’ll use WebSockets” “We’ll use Kafka” “We’ll shard by user ID” This skips reasoning. A strong candidate pauses and applies the checklist. Applying the First-Principles Checklist Live We will apply the same five questions , in order, and show what problems naturally surface. 1. State “Where does state live? When is it durable?” Ask This Out Loud in the Interview What information must the chat system remember for it to function correctly? Identify Required State (No Design Yet) Users Conversations Messages Message delivery status Now ask: Which of this state must never be lost? Answer: Messages (core product) Conversation membership First-Principles Conclusion Messages must be persisted In-memory-only solutions are insufficient What the Interviewer Sees You identified correctness-critical state before touching architecture. 2. Time “How long does each step take?” Now we introduce time. Break the Chat Flow User sends message Message is stored Message is delivered to recipient(s) Ask: Which of these must be fast? Sending a message → must feel instant Delivery → may be delayed (offline users) Critical Question Does the sender wait for delivery confirmation? If yes: Latency depends on recipient availability If no: Sending and delivery are time-decoupled First-Principles Conclusion Message acceptance must be fast Delivery can happen later This naturally introduces asynchrony , without naming any tools. 3. Failure “What breaks independently?” Now assume failures — explicitly. Ask What happens if the system crashes after accepting a message but before delivery? Possible states: Message stored Recipient not notified yet Now ask: Can delivery be retried safely? This surfaces a key invariant: A message must not be delivered zero times or multiple times incorrectly. Failure Scenarios Discovered Duplicate delivery Message loss Inconsistent delivery status First-Principles Conclusion Message delivery must be idempotent Storage and delivery failures must be decoupled The interviewer now sees you understand distributed failure , not just happy paths. 4. Order “What defines correct sequence?” Now introduce multiple messages . Ask Does message order matter in a conversation? Answer: Yes — chat messages must appear in order Now ask the dangerous question: Does arrival order equal delivery order? In distributed systems: No guarantee Messages can: Be processed by different servers Experience different delays First-Principles Conclusion Ordering is part of correctness It must be explicitly modeled (e.g., sequence per conversation) This is a senior-level insight , derived from questioning alone. 5. Scale “What grows fastest under load?” Now — and only now — do we talk about scale. Ask As usage grows, what increases fastest? Likely answers: Number of messages Concurrent active connections Offline message backlog Now ask: What happens during spikes (e.g., group chats, viral events)? You discover: Hot conversations Uneven load Memory pressure from live connections First-Principles Conclusion The system must scale on messages , not users Load is not uniform What We Have Discovered (Before Any Design) Without choosing any tools, we now know: Messages must be durable Sending and delivery must be decoupled Failures must not cause duplicates or loss Ordering is a correctness requirement Message volume, not user count, dominates scale This is exactly what interviewers want to hear before you propose architecture. What Comes Next (And Why It’s Easy Now) Only after this reasoning does it make sense to talk about: Persistent storage Async delivery Streaming connections Partitioning strategies At this point, architecture choices are obvious , not arbitrary. Why This Approach Scores High in Interviews Interviewers are evaluating: How you reason under ambiguity Whether you surface hidden constraints Whether you understand failure modes They are not testing whether you know WhatsApp’s internals. This method shows: Structured thinking Calm problem decomposition Senior-level judgment Common Candidate Mistakes (Seen in This Question) Jumping to WebSockets without discussing durability Ignoring offline users Assuming message order “just works” Treating retries as harmless Talking about scale before correctness Every one of these mistakes is prevented by the checklist. Final Reinforcement: The Checklist (Again) Use this verbatim in interviews: Where does state live? When is it durable? Which steps are fast vs slow? What can fail independently? What defines correct order? What grows fastest under load? Final Mental Model Strong candidates design systems. Exceptional candidates design reasoning . Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # architecture # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Manage preferences Report billboard x Get personalized feedback on your portfolio from the Google AI team 🤩 Join the New Year, New You Portfolio Challenge: $3,000 in Prizes + Feedback from Google AI Team (For Winners and Runner Ups!) Jess Lee for The DEV Team ・ Jan 1 #devchallenge #googleaichallenge #career #gemini Happy New Year 🎊 Meme Monday Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Follow Jan 12 Meme Monday # discuss # watercooler # jokes 19 reactions Comments 18 comments 1 min read I tried to capture system audio in the browser. Here's what I learned. Flo Flo Flo Follow Jan 12 I tried to capture system audio in the browser. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Programming Follow Hide The magic behind computers. 💻 🪄 Create Post Older #programming posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 3611 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I Debug Code Like I Debug Life (Spoiler: Both Throw Exceptions) Alyssa Alyssa Alyssa Follow Jan 13 I Debug Code Like I Debug Life (Spoiler: Both Throw Exceptions) # discuss # career # programming # beginners 18 reactions Comments 8 comments 2 min read 🌈 Looking for help if possible: I’m Stuck on My TrackMyHRT App (Medication + Symptom Tracker) codebunny20 codebunny20 codebunny20 Follow Jan 12 🌈 Looking for help if possible: I’m Stuck on My TrackMyHRT App (Medication + Symptom Tracker) # discuss # programming # python # opensource 14 reactions Comments 6 comments 2 min read How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) nicomedina nicomedina nicomedina Follow Jan 13 How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) # bunjs # api # javascript # programming 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read The Vibe Coding Paradox: 5 Surprising Truths About the AI Revolution in Software Juan Guillermo Gomez Torres Juan Guillermo Gomez Torres Juan Guillermo Gomez Torres Follow for Google Developer Experts Jan 12 The Vibe Coding Paradox: 5 Surprising Truths About the AI Revolution in Software # vibecoding # programming # ai 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Zig vs Go: init and run Paolo Carraro Paolo Carraro Paolo Carraro Follow Jan 12 Zig vs Go: init and run # zig # go # programming # comparison Comments Add Comment 2 min read Top 8 Fal.AI Alternatives Developers Are Using to Ship AI Apps Emmanuel Mumba Emmanuel Mumba Emmanuel Mumba Follow Jan 13 Top 8 Fal.AI Alternatives Developers Are Using to Ship AI Apps # webdev # programming # ai # javascript 19 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read The Secret Life of JavaScript: Identity Aaron Rose Aaron Rose Aaron Rose Follow Jan 13 The Secret Life of JavaScript: Identity # javascript # coding # programming # software 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Global Undo Sucks: Building Line-Level Undo/Redo for VS Code Namasivaayam L Namasivaayam L Namasivaayam L Follow Jan 12 Why Global Undo Sucks: Building Line-Level Undo/Redo for VS Code # vscode # opensource # extensions # programming 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read SOLID Design Principle Gokul G.K. Gokul G.K. Gokul G.K. Follow Jan 13 SOLID Design Principle # programming # java # design # solidprinciples 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read How to Use Claude Opus 4.5 & Gemini 3 for Free with OpenCode 0xkoji 0xkoji 0xkoji Follow Jan 13 How to Use Claude Opus 4.5 & Gemini 3 for Free with OpenCode # ai # opencode # llm # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🧭 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Minimum Time Visiting All Points' – LeetCode 1266 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 12 🧭 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Minimum Time Visiting All Points' – LeetCode 1266 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Advancing with React: Hooks Deep Dive! (React Day 5) Vasu Ghanta Vasu Ghanta Vasu Ghanta Follow Jan 13 Advancing with React: Hooks Deep Dive! (React Day 5) # react # webdev # programming # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read A Production-Ready Monorepo for AI-Native Full-Stack Development gracefullight gracefullight gracefullight Follow Jan 13 A Production-Ready Monorepo for AI-Native Full-Stack Development # vibecoding # programming # webdev # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Daylight Saving Time Handling Strategies: A Guide for C# and Python Developers Outdated Dev Outdated Dev Outdated Dev Follow Jan 13 Daylight Saving Time Handling Strategies: A Guide for C# and Python Developers # timezones # programming # dotnet # python Comments Add Comment 11 min read Lambda Durable Functions: Building Workflows That Run for a Year Dinesh Kumar Elumalai Dinesh Kumar Elumalai Dinesh Kumar Elumalai Follow Jan 13 Lambda Durable Functions: Building Workflows That Run for a Year # aws # serverless # lambda # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read Bridging the Gap: Building a Universal Web Interface for OBD-II Ekong Ikpe Ekong Ikpe Ekong Ikpe Follow Jan 13 Bridging the Gap: Building a Universal Web Interface for OBD-II # webdev # programming # javascript # automotive Comments Add Comment 2 min read Syncing Office 365 & Google Calendar Without OAuth: A GAS Solution Yuto Takashi Yuto Takashi Yuto Takashi Follow Jan 13 Syncing Office 365 & Google Calendar Without OAuth: A GAS Solution # googleappsscripts # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Building a Production-Ready Portfolio: Phase-2 — Frontend Bootstrapping & Architecture Setup Sushant Gaurav Sushant Gaurav Sushant Gaurav Follow Jan 13 Building a Production-Ready Portfolio: Phase-2 — Frontend Bootstrapping & Architecture Setup # programming # python # react # webdev Comments Add Comment 5 min read Mutable vs Immutable Objects in Python (Explained Simply) Micheal Angelo Micheal Angelo Micheal Angelo Follow Jan 13 Mutable vs Immutable Objects in Python (Explained Simply) # python # programming # beginners # learning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Jordium GanttChart v1.7.1: Making a Gantt Component Truly Controllable in Vue 3 Nelson Li Nelson Li Nelson Li Follow Jan 13 Jordium GanttChart v1.7.1: Making a Gantt Component Truly Controllable in Vue 3 # webdev # programming # vue # gantt 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building an AI Photo Restoration Tool with Next.js Q1Hang Q1Hang Q1Hang Follow Jan 13 Building an AI Photo Restoration Tool with Next.js # webdev # ai # programming # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read Is JS pass-by-value or pass-by-reference? Let's clear the confusion once and for all, from memory basics to modern Immutability. Tihomir Ivanov Tihomir Ivanov Tihomir Ivanov Follow Jan 13 Is JS pass-by-value or pass-by-reference? Let's clear the confusion once and for all, from memory basics to modern Immutability. # javascript # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read 7 Small Workflow Tweaks That Actually Helped My Developer Productivity Johannes Millan Johannes Millan Johannes Millan Follow Jan 12 7 Small Workflow Tweaks That Actually Helped My Developer Productivity # productivity # beginners # career # programming 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read "When you’re not sure what makes you prouder: the software or the demo video" 😅 AI-SymDev Girl AI-SymDev Girl AI-SymDev Girl Follow Jan 13 "When you’re not sure what makes you prouder: the software or the demo video" 😅 # programming # webdev # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Golang] Garbage Collection in General Satyajit Roy Satyajit Roy Satyajit Roy Follow Jan 13 [Golang] Garbage Collection in General # go # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... trending guides/resources From Idea to Launch: How Developers Can Build Successful Startups Top Open Source Projects That Will Dominate 2026 Beyond Coding: Your Accountability Buddy with Claude Code Skill Coding Without Pressure: How Slowing Down Helped Me Learn Faster An Honest Review of Google Antigravity Where we're going, we don't need chatbots: introducing the Antigravity IDE 🚀 5 YouTube Channels Every Programmer Should Follow in 2025! 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https://dev.to/thenjdevopsguy/kubernetes-ingress-vs-service-mesh-2ee2 | Kubernetes Ingress vs Service Mesh - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Levan Posted on Jun 15, 2022 • Edited on Aug 6, 2025 Kubernetes Ingress vs Service Mesh # kubernetes # devops # cloud # git Networking in Kubernetes is no easy task. Whether you’re on the application side or the operations side, you need to think about networking. Whether it’s connectivity between clusters, control planes, and worker nodes, or connectivity between Kubernetes Services and Pods, it all becomes a task that needs a large amount of focus and effort. In this blog post, you’ll learn about what a service mesh is, what ingress is, and why you need both. What’s A Service Mesh When you deploy applications inside of Kubernetes, there are two primary ways that the apps are talking to each other: Service-to-Service communication Pod-to-Pod communication Pod-to-Pod communication isn’t exactly recommended because Pods are ephemeral, which means they aren’t permanent. They are designed to go down at any time and only if they’re part of a StatefulSet would they keep any type of unique identifier. However, Pods still need to be able to communicate with each other because microservices need to talk. Backends need to talk to frontends, middleware needs to talk to backends and frontends, etc… The next primary communication is Services. Services are the preferred method because a Service isn’t ephemeral and only gets deleted if specified by an engineer. Pods are able to connect to Services with Selectors (sometimes called Tags), so if a Pod goes down but the Selector in the Kubernetes Manifest that deployed the Pod doesn’t change, the new Pod will be connected to the Service. In short, a Service sits in front of Pods almost like a load balancer would (not to be confused with the LoadBalancer service type). Here’s the problem: all of this traffic is unencrypted by default. Pod-to-Pod communication, or as some people like to call it, East-West Traffic, and Service-to-Service is completely unencrypted. That means if for any reason an environment is compromised or you have some segregation concerns, there’s nothing out of the box that you can do. A Service Mesh handles a lot of that for you. A Service Mesh: Encrypts traffic between Services Helps with network latency troubleshooting Securely connects Kubernetes Services Observability for tracing and alerting The key piece here, aside from the encryption between services (using mTLS) is the network observability and routing implementations. As a small example, the following routing rule forwards traffic to /rooms via a delegate VirtualService object/kind named roompage . apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: hotebooking spec: hosts: - "hotelbooking.com" gateways: - hbgateway http: - match: - uri: prefix: "/rooms" delegate: name: roompage namespace: rooms Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode You have full control over the "what and how" in terms of routing. What’s Ingress Outside of the need for secure communication between microservices, you need a way to interact with frontend apps. The typical way is with a load balancer that’s connected to a Service. You can also use a NodePort, but in the cloud world, you’ll mostly see load balancers being used. Here’s the problem; cloud load balancers are expensive literally and figuratively. You have to pay money for each cloud load balancer that you have. Having a few applications may not be a big deal, but what about if you have 50 or 100? Not to mention that you have to manage all of those cloud load balancers. If a Kubernetes Service disconnects from the load balancer for whatever reason, it’s your job to go in and fix it. With Kubernetes Ingress Controllers, the management and cost nightmare is abstracted from you. An Ingress Controller allows you to have: One load balancer Multiple applications (Kubernetes Services) pointing to it You can create one load balancer and have every Kubernetes Service point to it that's within the specific web application from a routing perspective. Then, you can access each Kubernetes Service on a different path. For example, below is an Ingress Spec that points to a Kubernetes Service called nginxservice and outputs it on the path called /nginxappa apiVersion : networking . k8s . io / v1 kind : Ingress metadata : name : ingress - nginxservice - a spec : ingressClassName : nginx - servicea rules : - host : localhost http : paths : - path : / nginxappa pathType : Prefix backend : service : name : nginxservice port : number : 8080 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ingress Controllers are like an Nginx Reverse Proxy. Do You Need Both? My take on it is that you need both. Here’s why: They’re both doing two different jobs. I always like to use the hammer analogy. If I need to hammer a nail, I can use the handle to slam the nail in and eventually it’ll work, but why would I do that if I can use the proper end of the hammer? An Ingress Controller is used to: Make load balancing apps easier A Service Mesh is used to: Secure communication between apps Help out with Kubernetes networking Now, here’s the kicker; there are tools that do both. For example, Istio Ingress is an Ingress Controller, but also has the capability of secure gateways using mTLS. If you’re using one of those tools, great. Just make sure that it handles both communication and security for you in the way that you’re expecting. The recommendation still is to use the proper tool for the job. Both Service Mesh and Ingress are incredibly important, especially as your microservice environment grows. Popular Ingress Controllers and Service Mesh Platforms Below is a list of Ingress Controllers and Service Mesh that are popular in today’s cloud-native world. For Service Mesh: https://istio.io/latest/about/service-mesh/ For Ingress Controllers: https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/ https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/providers/kubernetes-ingress/ https://github.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller#readme https://istio.io/latest/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ If you want to check out how to get started with the Istio, check out my blog post on it here . Top comments (5) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand trylvis trylvis trylvis Follow Work Infra / Ops / DevOps Engineer Joined Jun 16, 2022 • Jun 16 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice summary! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Michael Levan Michael Levan Michael Levan Follow Building High-Performing Agentic Environments | CNCF Ambassador | Microsoft MVP (Azure) | AWS Community Builder | Published Author & Public Speaker Location North New Jersey Joined Feb 8, 2020 • Jun 17 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you! I'm happy that you enjoyed it. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jan Jurák Jan Jurák Jan Jurák Follow Joined Apr 20, 2021 • Jan 4 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide thank you for introduction into Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand heroes1412 heroes1412 heroes1412 Follow Joined Oct 7, 2022 • Oct 7 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Your article is very good and easy to understand. But how about API Gateway, i see ingress controller can handle API gateway task. what diffenrent? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Michael Levan Michael Levan Michael Levan Follow Building High-Performing Agentic Environments | CNCF Ambassador | Microsoft MVP (Azure) | AWS Community Builder | Published Author & Public Speaker Location North New Jersey Joined Feb 8, 2020 • Oct 7 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I would say the biggest two differences are 1) Ingress Controllers are a Kubernetes Controller in itself, so it's handled in a declarative fashion 2) (correct me if I'm wrong here about API Gateways please) API Gateways are typically an intermediary to route traffic between services. Sort of like a "middle ground". Where-as the ingress controllers are more about handling frontend app traffic. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michael Levan Follow Building High-Performing Agentic Environments | CNCF Ambassador | Microsoft MVP (Azure) | AWS Community Builder | Published Author & Public Speaker Location North New Jersey Joined Feb 8, 2020 More from Michael Levan Running Any AI Agent on Kubernetes: Step-by-Step # ai # programming # kubernetes # cloud Context-Aware Networking & Runtimes: Agentic End-To-End # ai # kubernetes # programming # cloud Security Holes in MCP Servers and How To Plug Them # programming # ai # kubernetes # docker 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:50 |
https://dev.to/behruamm/how-i-built-a-magic-move-animation-engine-for-excalidraw-from-scratch-published-4lmp#comments | How I built a "Magic Move" animation engine for Excalidraw from scratch published - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Behram Posted on Jan 12 How I built a "Magic Move" animation engine for Excalidraw from scratch published # webdev # react # animation # opensource I love Excalidraw for sketching system architectures. But sketches are static. When I want to show how a packet moves through a load balancer, or how a database shard splits, I have to wave my hands frantically or create 10 different slides. I wanted the ability to "Sketch Logic, Export Motion" . The Goal I didn't want a timeline editor (like After Effects). That's too much work for a simple diagram. I wanted "Keyless Animation" : Draw Frame 1 (The start state). Clone it to Frame 2 . Move elements to their new positions. The engine automatically figures out the transition. I built this engine using Next.js , Excalidraw , and Framer Motion . Here is a technical deep dive into how I implemented the logic. 1. The Core Logic: Diffing States The hardest part isn't the animation loop; it's the diffing . When we move from Frame A to Frame B , we identify elements by their stable IDs and categorize them into one of three buckets: Stable: The element exists in both frames (needs to morph/move). Entering: Exists in B but not A (needs to fade in). Exiting: Exists in A but not B (needs to fade out). I wrote a categorizeTransition utility that maps elements efficiently: // Simplified logic from src/utils/editor/transition-logic.ts export function categorizeTransition ( prevElements , currElements ) { const stable = []; const morphed = []; const entering = []; const exiting = []; const prevMap = new Map ( prevElements . map ( e => [ e . id , e ])); const currMap = new Map ( currElements . map ( e => [ e . id , e ])); // 1. Find Morphs (Stable) & Entering currElements . forEach ( curr => { if ( prevMap . has ( curr . id )) { const prev = prevMap . get ( curr . id ); // We separate "Stable" (identical) from "Morphed" (changed) // to optimize the render loop if ( areVisuallyIdentical ( prev , curr )) { stable . push ({ key : curr . id , element : curr }); } else { morphed . push ({ key : curr . id , start : prev , end : curr }); } } else { entering . push ({ key : curr . id , end : curr }); } }); // 2. Find Exiting prevElements . forEach ( prev => { if ( ! currMap . has ( prev . id )) { exiting . push ({ key : prev . id , start : prev }); } }); return { stable , morphed , entering , exiting }; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Interpolating Properties For the "Morphed" elements, we need to calculate the intermediate state at any given progress (0.0 to 1.0). You can't just use simple linear interpolation for everything. Numbers (x, y, width): Linear works fine. Colors (strokeColor): You must convert Hex to RGBA, interpolate each channel, and convert back. Angles: You need "shortest path" interpolation. If an object is at 10 degrees and rotates to 350 degrees , linear interpolation goes the long way around. We want it to just rotate -20 degrees. // src/utils/smart-animation.ts const angleProgress = ( oldAngle , newAngle , progress ) => { let diff = newAngle - oldAngle ; // Normalize to -PI to +PI to find shortest direction while ( diff > Math . PI ) diff -= 2 * Math . PI ; while ( diff < - Math . PI ) diff += 2 * Math . PI ; return oldAngle + diff * progress ; }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. The Render Loop & Overlapping Phases Instead of CSS transitions (which are hard to sync for complex canvas repaints), I used a requestAnimationFrame loop in a React hook called useTransitionAnimation . A key "secret sauce" to making animations feel professional is overlap . If you play animations sequentially (Exit -> Move -> Enter), it feels robotic. I overlapped the phases so the scene feels alive: // Timeline Logic const exitEnd = hasExit ? 300 : 0 ; const morphStart = exitEnd ; const morphEnd = morphStart + 500 ; // [MAGIC TRICK] Start entering elements BEFORE the morph ends // This creates that "Apple Keynote" feel where things arrive // just as others are settling into place. const overlapDuration = 200 ; const enterStart = Math . max ( morphStart , morphEnd - overlapDuration ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Making it feel "Physical" Linear movement ( progress = time / duration ) is boring. I implemented spring-based easing functions. Even though I'm manually calculating specific frames, I apply an easing curve to the progress value before feeding it into the interpolator. // Quartic Ease-Out Approximation for a "Heavy" feel const springEasing = ( t ) => { return 1 - Math . pow ( 1 - t , 4 ); }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This ensures that big architecture blocks "thud" into place with weight, rather than sliding around like ghosts. What's Next? I'm currently working on: Sub-step animations: Allowing you to click through bullet points within a single frame. Export to MP4: Recording the canvas stream directly to a video file. The project is live, and I built it to help developers communicate better. Try here: https://postara.io/ Free Stripe Promotion Code: postara Let me know what you think of the approach! Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow MLE @CRED ⌛ Sharing on System design, AI, LLMs, ML Email lovepreet.singh@alumni.iitgn.ac.in Location Bangalore, India Work MLE @ CRED Joined Nov 29, 2022 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide loved it Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Behram Follow Ex-Data Scientist documenting the reality of building AI agent SaaS as a solo founder in the UK. Raw technical logs, AI leverage, and the path to profitability. Location Birmingham,UK Joined Nov 7, 2024 Trending on DEV Community Hot Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # programming # ai # career # discuss How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/whaaat_9819bdb68eccf5b8a/why-your-secret-sharing-tool-needs-post-quantum-cryptography-today-20j3 | Why Your Secret Sharing Tool Needs Post-Quantum Cryptography Today - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Whaaat! Posted on Jan 12 Why Your Secret Sharing Tool Needs Post-Quantum Cryptography Today # security # cryptography # webdev # privacy The "Harvest Now, Decrypt Later" Threat Quantum computers capable of breaking RSA and ECC encryption don't exist yet. But here's the problem: adversaries are already collecting encrypted data today, planning to decrypt it once quantum computers arrive. For sensitive data that needs to remain confidential for years, this is a real threat. What is Post-Quantum Cryptography? Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) uses mathematical problems that are hard for both classical AND quantum computers to solve. In August 2024, NIST standardized three PQC algorithms: ML-KEM (Kyber) - Key encapsulation ML-DSA (Dilithium) - Digital signatures SLH-DSA (SPHINCS+) - Hash-based signatures Implementing PQC in a Web Application I recently added PQC support to NoTrust.now , a zero-knowledge secret sharing tool. Here's how: Key Exchange with ML-KEM-768 // Using crystals-kyber-js library import { MlKem768 } from ' crystals-kyber-js ' ; // Receiver generates keypair const [ publicKey , privateKey ] = await MlKem768 . generateKeyPair (); // Sender encapsulates a shared secret const [ ciphertext , sharedSecret ] = await MlKem768 . encapsulate ( publicKey ); // Receiver decapsulates to get the same shared secret const decryptedSecret = await MlKem768 . decapsulate ( ciphertext , privateKey ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Hybrid Approach For defense in depth, combine PQC with classical crypto: Generate ephemeral X25519 keypair (classical) Generate ephemeral ML-KEM-768 keypair (post-quantum) Combine both shared secrets: finalKey = HKDF(x25519Secret || kyberSecret) This ensures security even if one algorithm is broken. Try It Out You can test PQC secret sharing at NoTrust.now/createpqc . The encryption happens entirely in your browser - zero-knowledge architecture means the server never sees your plaintext. Resources NIST PQC Standards crystals-kyber-js Post-Quantum Cryptography for Developers What do you think about PQC adoption? Too early or just in time? Let me know in the comments. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Whaaat! Follow Joined Mar 27, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot SQLite Limitations and Internal Architecture # webdev # programming # database # architecture From CDN to Pixel: A React App's Journey # react # programming # webdev # performance How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/eachampagne/websockets-with-socketio-5edp | Websockets with Socket.IO - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse eachampagne Posted on Jan 12 Websockets with Socket.IO # javascript # node # webdev # networking This post contains a flashing gif. HTTP requests have taken me pretty far, but I’m starting to run into their limits. How do I tell a client that the server updated at midnight, and it needs to fetch the newest data? How do I notify one user when another user makes a post? In short, how do I get information to the client without it initiating the request? Websockets One possible solution is to use websockets , which establish a persistent connection between the client and server. This will allow us to send data to the client when we want to, without waiting for the client’s next request. Websockets have their own protocol (though the connection is initiated with HTTP requests) and are language-agnostic. We could, if we wanted, implement a websocket client and its corresponding server from scratch or with Deno … or we could use one of the libraries that’s already done the hard work for us. I’ve used Socket.IO in a previous project, so we’ll go with that. I enjoyed working with it before, and it even has the advantage of a fallback in case the websocket fails. Colorsocket For immediate visual feedback, we’ll make a small demo where any one client can affect the colors displayed on all. Each client on the /color endpoint has a slider to control one primary color, plus a button to invert all the other /color clients. (The server assigns a color in order to each client when the client connects, so you just have to refresh a few times until you get all three colors. I did make sure duplicate colors would work in sync, however.) The /admin user can turn primary colors on or off. Here’s the app in action: The clients aren’t all constantly making requests to the server. How do they know to update? Establishing Connections When each client runs its <script> , it creates a new socket, which opens a connection to the server. // color.html const socket = io ( ' /color ' ); // we’ll come back to the argument Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The script then assigns handlers on the new socket for the various events we expect to receive from the server: // color.html socket . on ( ' assign-color ' , ( color , colorSettings , activeSettings ) => { document . getElementById ( ' color-name ' ). innerText = color ; controllingColor = color ; currentBackground = colorSettings ; active = activeSettings ; colorSlider . disabled = ! active [ controllingColor ]; document . getElementById ( ' active ' ). innerText = active [ controllingColor ] ? ' active ' : ' inactive ' ; colorSlider . value = colorSettings [ controllingColor ]; updateBackground (); }); socket . on ( ' set-color ' , ( color , value ) => { currentBackground [ color ] = value ; if ( controllingColor === color ) { colorSlider . value = value ; } updateBackground (); }); socket . on ( ' invert ' , () => { inverted = ! inverted ; document . getElementById ( ' inverted ' ). innerText = inverted ? '' : ' not ' ; updateBackground (); }); socket . on ( ' toggle-active ' , ( color ) => { active [ color ] = ! active [ color ]; if ( controllingColor === color ) { colorSlider . disabled = ! active [ color ]; } document . getElementById ( ' active ' ). innerText = active [ controllingColor ] ? ' active ' : ' inactive ' ; updateBackground (); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, the server detects the new connection. It assigns the client a color, sends that color and current state of the application to the client, and sets up its own handlers for events received through the socket: // index.js colorNamespace . on ( ' connection ' , ( socket ) => { const color = colors [ colorCount % 3 ]; // pick the next color in the list, then loop colorCount ++ ; socket . emit ( ' assign-color ' , color , colorSettings , activeSettings ); // synchronize the client with the application state socket . data . color = color ; // you can save information to a socket’s data key, but I didn’t end up using this for anything socket . on ( ' set-color ' , ( color , value ) => { colorSettings [ color ] = value ; colorNamespace . emit ( ' set-color ' , color , value ); }); socket . on ( ' invert ' , () => { socket . broadcast . emit ( ' invert ' ); }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The /admin page follows similar setup. Sending Information to the Client Let’s follow how user interaction on one page changes all the others. When a user on the blue page moves the slider, the slider emits a change event, which is caught by the slider’s event listener: // color.html colorSlider . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { socket . emit ( ' set-color ' , controllingColor , event . target . value ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode That event listener emits a new set-color event with the color and new value. The server receives the client’s set-color , then emits its own to transmit that data to all clients. Each client receives the message and updates its blue value accordingly. Broadcasting to Other Sockets But clicking the “Invert others” button affects the other /color users, but not the user who actually clicked the button! The key here is the broadcast flag when the server receives and retransmits the invert message: // server.js socket . on ( ' invert ' , () => { socket . broadcast . emit ( ' invert ' ); // broadcast }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This flag means that that the server will send the event to every socket except the one it’s called on. Here this is just a neat trick, but in practice, it might be useful to avoid sending a post to the user who originally wrote it, because their client already has that information. Namespaces You may have noticed that the admin tab isn’t changing color with the other three. For simplicity, I didn’t set up any handlers for the admin page. But even if I had, they wouldn’t do anything, because the admin socket isn’t receiving those events at all. This is because the admin tab is in a different namespace . // color.html const socket = io ( ' /color ' ); // ======================= // admin.html const socket = io ( ' /admin ' ); // ======================= // index.js const colorNamespace = io . of ( ' /color ' ); const adminNamespace = io . of ( ' /admin ' ); … colorNamespace . emit ( ' set-color ' , color , value ); // the admin page doesn’t receive this event Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode (For clarity, I gave my two namespaces the same names as the two endpoints the pages are located at, but I didn’t have to. The namespaces could have had arbitrary names with no change in functionality, as long as the client matched the server.) Namespaces provide a convenient way to target a subset of sockets. However, namespaces can communicate with each other: // admin.html const toggleFunction = ( color ) => { socket . emit ( ' toggle-active ' , color ); }; // ======================= // index.js // clicking the buttons on the admin page triggers changes on the color pages adminNamespace . on ( ' connection ' , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( ' toggle-active ' , color => { activeSettings [ color ] = ! activeSettings [ color ]; colorNamespace . emit ( ' toggle-active ' , color ); }); }); // ======================= // color.html socket . on ( ' toggle-active ' , ( color ) => { active [ color ] = ! active [ color ]; if ( controllingColor === color ) { colorSlider . disabled = ! active [ color ]; } document . getElementById ( ' active ' ). innerText = active [ controllingColor ] ? ' active ' : ' inactive ' ; updateBackground (); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In all of the examples, events were caused by some interaction on one of the clients. An event was emitted to the server, and a second message was emitted by the server to the appropriate clients. However, this is only a small sample of the possibilities. For example, a server could use websockets to update all clients on a regular cycle, or get information from some API and pass it on. This demo is only a small showcase of what I’ve been learning and hope to keep applying in my projects going forward. References and Further Reading Socket.IO , especially the tutorial , which got me up and running very quickly Websockets on MDN – API reference and glossary , plus the articles on writing your own clients and servers ( Deno version ) Cover Photo by Scott Rodgerson on Unsplash Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, this is an incredibly clear and practical explanation! I really appreciate how you broke down the client-server flow with Socket.IO—it makes even the trickier concepts like namespaces and broadcasting feel approachable. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lars Rye Jeppesen Lars Rye Jeppesen Lars Rye Jeppesen Follow Aspartam Junkie Location Vice City Pronouns Grand Master Joined Feb 10, 2017 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great article. A question though: why use Socket.IO when NodeJs now has it natively built in? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse eachampagne Follow Joined Sep 5, 2025 More from eachampagne Graphing in JavaScript # data # javascript # science 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/viclafouch/promise-allsettled-vs-promise-all-in-javascript-4mle | 🤝 Promise.allSettled() VS Promise.all() in JavaScript 🍭 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Victor de la Fouchardière Posted on Aug 16, 2020 🤝 Promise.allSettled() VS Promise.all() in JavaScript 🍭 # node # webdev # javascript # beginners Hello ! 🧑🌾 Promises are available since ES2015 to simplify the handling of asynchronous operations. Let's discover 2 Promises and their differences: Promise.allSettled(iterable) Promise.all(iterable) Both of them take an iterable and return an array containing the fulfilled Promises. ❓ So, what is the difference between them ? Promise.all() 🧠 The Promise. all() method takes an iterable of promises as an input, and returns a single Promise that resolves to an array of the results of the input promises. All resolved As you can see, we are passing an array to Promise.all. And when all three promises get resolved, Promise.all resolves and the output is consoled. Now, let's see if one promise is not resolved , and so, if this one is reject. What was the output ? 🛑 1 failed Promise.all is rejected if at least one of the elements are rejected . For example, we pass 2 promises that resolve and one promise that rejects immediately, then Promise.all will reject immediately. Promise.allSettled() 🦷 Since ES2020 you can use Promise.allSettled . It returns a promise that always resolves after all of the given promises have either fulfilled or rejected, with an array of objects that each describes the outcome of each promise. For each outcome object, a status string is present : fulfilled ✅ rejected ❌ The value (or reason) reflects what value each promise was fulfilled (or rejected) with. Have a close look at following properties ( status , value , reason ) of resulting array. Differences 👬 Promise.all will reject as soon as one of the Promises in the array rejects. Promise.allSettled will never reject, it will resolve once all Promises in the array have either rejected or resolved. Supported Browsers 🚸 The browsers supported by JavaScript Promise.allSettled() and Promise.all() methods are listed below: Google Chrome Microsoft Edge Mozilla Firefox Apple Safari Opera Cheers 🍻 🍻 🍻 If you enjoyed this article you can follow me on Twitter or here on dev.to where I regularly post bite size tips relating to HTML, CSS and JavaScript. 📦 GitHub Profile: The RIGHT Way to Show your latest DEV articles + BONUS 🎁 Victor de la Fouchardière ・ Aug 5 '20 #github #markdown #showdev #productivity 🍦 Cancel Properly HTTP Requests in React Hooks and avoid Memory Leaks 🚨 Victor de la Fouchardière ・ Jul 29 '20 #react #javascript #tutorial #showdev Top comments (14) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Pankaj Patel Pankaj Patel Pankaj Patel Follow Programmer, Blogger, Photographer and little bit of everything Location Lyon, France Work Lead Frontend Engineer at @abtasty Joined Mar 5, 2019 • Aug 17 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a really handy, allSettled has more verbose output Thanks for sharing @viclafouch . Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Email victor.delafouchardiere@gmail.com Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 • Aug 17 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Arman Khan Arman Khan Arman Khan Follow Fullstack web developer Email armankhan9244@gmail.com Location Surat, India Education Self-taught Work full stack developer at Zypac InfoTech Joined Jul 22, 2019 • Aug 17 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Loved the article Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Email victor.delafouchardiere@gmail.com Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 • Aug 17 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you @iarmankhan ;) Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Suyeb Bagdadi Suyeb Bagdadi Suyeb Bagdadi Follow Joined Aug 26, 2022 • Aug 26 '22 • Edited on Aug 26 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You can as well do the following to stop Promise.all from rejecting if there is an exception thrown.`` ` let storage = { updated: 0, published: 0, error: 0, }; let p1 = async (name) => { let status = { success: true, error: false, }; return status; }; let p2 = async (name) => { throw new Error('on purpose'); }; let success = () => { storage.updated += 1; }; let logError = (error) => { console.log(error.message); storage.error += 1; }; Promise.all([ p1('shobe 1').then(success).catch(logError), p2('shobe 2').then(success).catch(logError), p1('shobe 1').then(success).catch(logError), ]).then(() => { console.log('done'); }); ` Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Justin Hunter Justin Hunter Justin Hunter Follow VP of Product at Pinata, co-founder of Orbiter - the easiest way to host static websites and apps. Location Dallas Work Software Engineer at Pinata Joined Apr 10, 2019 • Aug 17 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Whoa! I had no idea this existed. Thanks for the helpful write-up! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Email victor.delafouchardiere@gmail.com Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 • Aug 17 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A pleasure @polluterofminds ;) Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Dayzen Dayzen Dayzen Follow Location Korea Seoul Work Backend Engineer at Smile Ventures Joined Apr 18, 2020 • Aug 17 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for sharing this post! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Devin Rhode Devin Rhode Devin Rhode Follow writing javascript for like 8 years or something like that :) Location Minneapolis, MN Work Javascript developer at Robert Half Technology Joined Sep 16, 2019 • Dec 1 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'd love some elaboration on why allSettled was made/why it's better Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Devin Rhode Devin Rhode Devin Rhode Follow writing javascript for like 8 years or something like that :) Location Minneapolis, MN Work Javascript developer at Robert Half Technology Joined Sep 16, 2019 • Dec 1 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide github.com/tc39/proposal-promise-a... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohd Aliyan Mohd Aliyan Mohd Aliyan Follow I am a software Engineer looking for each day of learning. Joined Oct 6, 2021 • Oct 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very well explained. Thank you so much Victor. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Yogendra Yogendra Yogendra Follow Location Bengaluru, India Work Web Developer at LayerIV Joined Sep 25, 2020 • Jan 31 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How can I use Promise.allSettled() with my webpack-react app? Is there any plugin being used for it? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Vladislav Guleaev Vladislav Guleaev Vladislav Guleaev Follow Fullstack Javascript Developer from Munich, Germany. Location Munich, Germany Education Computer Science - Bachelor Degree Work Software Developer at CHECK24 Joined Apr 8, 2019 • Jun 8 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide short and nice! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Shakhruz Shakhruz Shakhruz Follow JavaScript enthusiast Location Tashkent, Uzbekistan Work Junior Full-Stack developer at Cruz Joined Dec 27, 2020 • Jan 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Helpful bro, thnx !!! Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (14 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 More from Victor de la Fouchardière 👑 Create a secure Chat Application with React Hooks, Firebase and Seald 🔐 # react # javascript # showdev # firebase 🍿 Publish your own ESLint / Prettier config for React Projects on NPM 📦 # javascript # react # npm # eslint 🍦 Cancel Properly HTTP Requests in React Hooks and avoid Memory Leaks 🚨 # react # javascript # tutorial # showdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:50 |
https://dev.to/datalaria/proyecto-weather-service-parte-2-construyendo-el-frontend-interactivo-con-github-pages-o-netlify-3oc0 | Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Daniel for Datalaria Posted on Jan 13 • Originally published at datalaria.com Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript # frontend # javascript # spanish # tutorial En la primera parte de esta serie , sentamos las bases de nuestro servicio meteorológico global. Construimos un script de Python para obtener datos del clima de OpenWeatherMap, los almacenamos eficientemente en ficheros CSV separados por ciudad y automatizamos todo el proceso de recolección utilizando GitHub Actions. Nuestro "robot" está diligentemente recopilando datos 24/7. Pero, ¿de qué sirven los datos si no puedes verlos? Hoy, cambiamos nuestro enfoque al frontend : la construcción de un dashboard interactivo y fácil de usar que permita a cualquiera explorar los datos meteorológicos que hemos recopilado. Aprovecharemos el poder del alojamiento de sitios estáticos con GitHub Pages o Netlify , utilizaremos JavaScript "vainilla" para darle vida y nos apoyaremos en algunas excelentes librerías para el manejo y la visualización de datos. ¡Hagamos que nuestros datos brillen! Alojamiento Web Gratuito: GitHub Pages vs. Netlify El primer obstáculo para cualquier proyecto web es el alojamiento. Los servidores tradicionales pueden ser costosos y complejos de gestionar. Siguiendo nuestra filosofía "serverless y gratis", tanto GitHub Pages como Netlify son soluciones perfectas para alojar sitios web estáticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. Opción 1: GitHub Pages Permite alojar sitios web estáticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. La activación es trivial: Ve a Settings > Pages en tu repositorio. Selecciona tu rama main (o la rama que contenga tu contenido web) como fuente. Elige la carpeta /root (o una carpeta /docs si lo prefieres) como la ubicación de tus archivos web. Haz clic en Save . Y así, tu archivo index.html (y cualquier recurso vinculado) se vuelve accesible públicamente en una URL como https://tu-usuario.github.io/tu-nombre-de-repositorio/ . ¡Sencillo, efectivo y gratuito! 🚀 Opción 2: Netlify (¡la elección final para este proyecto!) Para este proyecto, finalmente he optado por Netlify por su flexibilidad, la facilidad para gestionar dominios personalizados y su integración con el despliegue continuo. Además, me permite alojar el proyecto directamente bajo mi dominio de Datalaria ( https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ ). Pasos para desplegar en Netlify: Conectar tu Repositorio : Inicia sesión en Netlify. Haz clic en "Add new site" y luego en "Import an existing project". Conecta tu cuenta de GitHub y selecciona el repositorio de tu proyecto Weather Service. Configuración de Despliegue : Owner : Tu cuenta de GitHub. Branch to deploy : main (o la rama donde tengas tu código frontend). Base directory : Deja esto vacío si tu index.html y assets están en la raíz del repositorio, o especifica una subcarpeta si es el caso (ej., /frontend ). Build command : Déjalo vacío, ya que nuestro frontend es puramente estático sin necesidad de un paso de build (sin frameworks como React/Vue). Publish directory : . (o la subcarpeta que contenga tus archivos estáticos, ej., /frontend ). Desplegar Sitio : Haz clic en "Deploy site". Netlify tomará tu repositorio, lo desplegará y te proporcionará una URL aleatoria. Dominio Personalizado (Opcional pero recomendado) : Para usar un dominio como datalaria.com/apps/weather/ : Ve a Site settings > Domain management > Domains > Add a custom domain . Sigue los pasos para añadir tu dominio y configurarlo con los DNS de tu proveedor (añadiendo registros CNAME o A ). Para la ruta específica ( /apps/weather/ ), necesitarás configurar una "subcarpeta" o "base URL" en tu aplicación si no está directamente en la raíz del dominio. En este caso, nuestro index.html está diseñado para ser servido desde una subruta. Netlify gestiona esto de forma transparente una vez que el sitio está desplegado y tu dominio configurado. ¡Así de sencillo! Cada git push a tu rama configurada activará un nuevo despliegue en Netlify, manteniendo tu dashboard siempre actualizado. La Pila Tecnológica del Frontend: HTML, CSS y JavaScript (con una pequeña ayuda) Para este dashboard, opté por un enfoque ligero: HTML puro para la estructura, un poco de CSS para los estilos y JavaScript "vainilla" (sin frameworks complejos) para la interactividad. Para manejar tareas específicas, incorporé dos librerías fantásticas: PapaParse.js : El mejor parser de CSV del lado del cliente para el navegador. Es el puente entre nuestros archivos CSV en bruto y las estructuras de datos de JavaScript que necesitamos para la visualización. Chart.js : Una potente y flexible librería de gráficos JavaScript que facilita enormemente la creación de gráficos bonitos, responsivos e interactivos. La Lógica del Dashboard: Dando Vida a los Datos en index.html Nuestro index.html actúa como el lienzo principal, orquestando la obtención, el parseo y la representación de los datos meteorológicos. 1. Carga Dinámica de Ciudades En lugar de codificar una lista de ciudades, queremos que nuestro dashboard se actualice automáticamente si añadimos nuevas ciudades en el backend. Lo logramos obteniendo un simple archivo ciudades.txt (que contiene un nombre de ciudad por línea) y poblando dinámicamente un elemento desplegable <select> utilizando la API fetch de JavaScript. const citySelector = document . getElementById ( ' citySelector ' ); let myChart = null ; // Variable global para almacenar la instancia de Chart.js async function cargarListaCiudades () { try { const response = await fetch ( ' ciudades.txt ' ); const text = await response . text (); // Filtramos las líneas vacías del archivo de texto const ciudades = text . split ( ' \n ' ). filter ( line => line . trim () !== '' ); ciudades . forEach ( ciudad => { const option = document . createElement ( ' option ' ); option . value = ciudad ; option . textContent = ciudad ; citySelector . appendChild ( option ); }); // Cargamos la primera ciudad por defecto al inicio de la página if ( ciudades . length > 0 ) { cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudades [ 0 ]); } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando la lista de ciudades: ' , error ); // Opcional: Mostrar un mensaje de error amigable al usuario } } // Disparamos la carga de ciudades cuando el DOM esté completamente cargado document . addEventListener ( ' DOMContentLoaded ' , cargarListaCiudades ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Reacción a la Selección del Usuario Cuando un usuario selecciona una ciudad del desplegable, necesitamos responder de inmediato. Un addEventListener en el elemento <select> detecta el evento change y llama a nuestra función principal para obtener y dibujar los datos de la ciudad recién seleccionada. citySelector . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { const ciudadSeleccionada = event . target . value ; cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudadSeleccionada ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Obtención, Parseo y Dibujado de Datos Esta es la función central donde todo cobra vida. Es responsable de: Construir la URL para el archivo CSV específico de la ciudad (ej., datos/León.csv ). Utilizar Papa.parse para descargar y procesar el contenido del CSV directamente en el navegador. PapaParse maneja la obtención y el parseo asíncronos, lo que lo hace increíblemente fácil. Extraer las etiquetas (fechas) y los datos (temperaturas) relevantes del CSV parseado para Chart.js. ¡Crucial! : Antes de dibujar un nuevo gráfico, debemos destruir la instancia anterior de Chart.js ( if (myChart) { myChart.destroy(); } ). ¡Olvidar este paso lleva a gráficos superpuestos y problemas de rendimiento! 💥 Crear una nueva instancia de Chart() con los datos actualizados. Adicionalmente, llama a una función para cargar y mostrar la predicción de IA para esa ciudad, integrándola sin problemas en el dashboard. function cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudad ) { const csvUrl = `datos/ ${ ciudad } .csv` ; // Nota la carpeta 'datos/' de la Parte 1 const ctx = document . getElementById ( ' weatherChart ' ). getContext ( ' 2d ' ); Papa . parse ( csvUrl , { download : true , // Indica a PapaParse que descargue el archivo header : true , // Trata la primera fila como encabezados skipEmptyLines : true , complete : function ( results ) { const datosClimaticos = results . data ; // Extraer etiquetas (fechas) y datos (temperaturas) const etiquetas = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => fila . fecha_hora . split ( ' ' )[ 0 ]); // Extraer solo la fecha const tempMax = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_max_c )); const tempMin = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_min_c )); // Destruir la instancia de gráfico anterior si existe para evitar superposiciones if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Crear una nueva instancia de Chart.js myChart = new Chart ( ctx , { type : ' line ' , data : { labels : etiquetas , datasets : [{ label : `Temp Máx (°C) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMax , borderColor : ' rgb(255, 99, 132) ' , tension : 0.1 }, { label : `Temp Mín (°C) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMin , borderColor : ' rgb(54, 162, 235) ' , tension : 0.1 }] }, options : { // Opciones del gráfico para responsividad, título, etc. responsive : true , maintainAspectRatio : false , scales : { y : { beginAtZero : false } }, plugins : { legend : { position : ' top ' }, title : { display : true , text : `Datos Históricos del Clima para ${ ciudad } ` } } } }); // Cargar y mostrar la predicción de IA cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ); }, error : function ( err , file ) { console . error ( " Error al parsear el CSV: " , err , file ); // Opcional: mostrar un mensaje de error amigable en el dashboard if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Limpiar gráfico si falla la carga } }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Mostrar Predicciones de IA La integración de las predicciones de IA (en las que profundizaremos en la Parte 3) también se gestiona desde el frontend. El backend genera un archivo predicciones.json , y nuestro JavaScript simplemente obtiene este JSON, encuentra la predicción para la ciudad seleccionada y la muestra. async function cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ) { const predictionElement = document . getElementById ( ' prediction ' ); try { const response = await fetch ( ' predicciones.json ' ); const predicciones = await response . json (); if ( predicciones && predicciones [ ciudad ]) { predictionElement . textContent = `Predicción de Temp. Máx. para mañana: ${ predicciones [ ciudad ]. toFixed ( 1 )} °C` ; } else { predictionElement . textContent = ' Predicción no disponible. ' ; } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando predicciones: ' , error ); predictionElement . textContent = ' Error al cargar la predicción. ' ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusión (Parte 2) ¡Hemos transformado los datos en bruto en una experiencia atractiva e interactiva! Al combinar el alojamiento estático de GitHub Pages o Netlify, JavaScript "vainilla" para la lógica, PapaParse.js para el manejo de CSV y Chart.js para visualizaciones hermosas, hemos construido un frontend potente que es a la vez gratuito y muy efectivo. El dashboard ahora proporciona información inmediata sobre los patrones climáticos históricos de cualquier ciudad seleccionada. Pero, ¿qué pasa con el futuro? En la tercera y última parte de esta serie , nos adentraremos en el emocionante mundo del Machine Learning para añadir una capa predictiva a nuestro servicio. Exploraremos cómo usar datos históricos para pronosticar el tiempo de mañana, convirtiendo nuestro servicio en un verdadero "oráculo" meteorológico. ¡No te lo pierdas! Referencias y Enlaces de Interés: Servicio Web Completo : Puedes ver el resultado final de este proyecto en acción aquí: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Repositorio GitHub del Proyecto : Explora el código fuente y la estructura del proyecto en mi repositorio: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather PapaParse.js : Parser de CSV rápido en el navegador para JavaScript: https://www.papaparse.com/ Chart.js : Gráficos JavaScript simples pero flexibles para diseñadores y desarrolladores: https://www.chartjs.org/ GitHub Pages : Documentación oficial sobre cómo alojar tus sitios: https://docs.github.com/es/pages Netlify : Página oficial de Netlify: https://www.netlify.com/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Datalaria Follow More from Datalaria Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript # frontend # javascript # tutorial # webdev Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # automation # python # tutorial Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 1): Construyendo el Recolector de Datos con Python y GitHub Actions o Netlify # dataengineering # python # spanish # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Getting Started with DeviceLab (5-Min Setup) Om Narayan Om Narayan Om Narayan Follow Dec 25 '25 Getting Started with DeviceLab (5-Min Setup) # mobile # testing # automation # android Comments Add Comment 2 min read A Complete Guide To Ci Testing: Benefits, Tools & Workflow Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Dec 24 '25 A Complete Guide To Ci Testing: Benefits, Tools & Workflow # testing # ci Comments Add Comment 10 min read Don't Unwrap in Production: A Formal Verification Guide Prasanna Gautam Prasanna Gautam Prasanna Gautam Follow Dec 26 '25 Don't Unwrap in Production: A Formal Verification Guide # rust # testing # computerscience # tutorial Comments Add Comment 11 min read Why I Built My Own Web Application Monitoring System Afroz Sheikh Afroz Sheikh Afroz Sheikh Follow Dec 28 '25 Why I Built My Own Web Application Monitoring System # opensource # testing # webdev # developer Comments Add Comment 1 min read Sub-50ms Latency: The Physics of Fast Mobile Automation Om Narayan Om Narayan Om Narayan Follow Dec 28 '25 Sub-50ms Latency: The Physics of Fast Mobile Automation # testing # performance # mobile # cicd 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Testing Across the Stack: UI Storage Encryption Offline Resilience CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Dec 23 '25 Testing Across the Stack: UI Storage Encryption Offline Resilience # testing # a11y # healthcare # react Comments Add Comment 11 min read Mutation Testing with Stryker Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 23 '25 Mutation Testing with Stryker # node # testing # typescript Comments Add Comment 6 min read Mutation Testing com Stryker Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 23 '25 Mutation Testing com Stryker # testing # typescript # node # tutorial Comments Add Comment 7 min read Unit testing : How to Mock Public Methods in C# with NSubstitute Naimul Karim Naimul Karim Naimul Karim Follow Jan 6 Unit testing : How to Mock Public Methods in C# with NSubstitute # csharp # dotnet # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read Migrate BrowserStack to DeviceLab: Appium Om Narayan Om Narayan Om Narayan Follow Dec 25 '25 Migrate BrowserStack to DeviceLab: Appium # appium # testing # mobile # automation Comments Add Comment 7 min read BrowserStack Alternative: Your Own Devices Om Narayan Om Narayan Om Narayan Follow Dec 25 '25 BrowserStack Alternative: Your Own Devices # testing # mobile # devops # automation Comments Add Comment 7 min read The Definitive Guide to Building a Cross-Browser Testing Matrix for 2026 Matt Calder Matt Calder Matt Calder Follow Dec 23 '25 The Definitive Guide to Building a Cross-Browser Testing Matrix for 2026 # webdev # testing # software # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Migrate BrowserStack to DeviceLab: Maestro Om Narayan Om Narayan Om Narayan Follow Dec 25 '25 Migrate BrowserStack to DeviceLab: Maestro # maestro # testing # mobile # devops Comments Add Comment 6 min read How I Decide What NOT to Automate Nishanth Kr Nishanth Kr Nishanth Kr Follow Jan 7 How I Decide What NOT to Automate # automation # cicd # devops # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read AI Copilots for Developers: Beyond Code Completion OutworkTech OutworkTech OutworkTech Follow Dec 23 '25 AI Copilots for Developers: Beyond Code Completion # ai # developer # productivity # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read Testing shadcn/ui components with TWD Kevin Julián Martínez Escobar Kevin Julián Martínez Escobar Kevin Julián Martínez Escobar Follow Dec 23 '25 Testing shadcn/ui components with TWD # react # testing # twd Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why a Modern Master Test Plan is Your Team’s Secret Weapon Nishanth Kr Nishanth Kr Nishanth Kr Follow Jan 7 Why a Modern Master Test Plan is Your Team’s Secret Weapon # management # productivity # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read HIPAA Mobile QA Checklist: Your Testing Pipeline is a Compliance Risk Om Narayan Om Narayan Om Narayan Follow Dec 28 '25 HIPAA Mobile QA Checklist: Your Testing Pipeline is a Compliance Risk # security # healthcare # testing # compliance 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Renting Test Devices is Financially Irresponsible. 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Here's the Math. # testing # mobile # devops # startup 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read System Testing vs Integration Testing: What's the Difference Ankit Kumar Sinha Ankit Kumar Sinha Ankit Kumar Sinha Follow Dec 24 '25 System Testing vs Integration Testing: What's the Difference # beginners # softwaredevelopment # testing Comments Add Comment 5 min read Announcing pytest-mockllm v0.2.1: "True Fidelity" Dhiraj Das Dhiraj Das Dhiraj Das Follow Dec 23 '25 Announcing pytest-mockllm v0.2.1: "True Fidelity" # python # automation # testing 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Exploratory testing on mobile: the messy checks that find real bugs Kelina Cowell Kelina Cowell Kelina Cowell Follow Dec 22 '25 Exploratory testing on mobile: the messy checks that find real bugs # gamedev # ux # testing # qualityassurance Comments Add Comment 5 min read Help me, and other developers, discover how to create more efficient automated testing environments mobtone mobtone mobtone Follow Dec 22 '25 Help me, and other developers, discover how to create more efficient automated testing environments # tooling # testing # devops # cicd Comments Add Comment 1 min read Improving a Tutorial That Failed During Testing Favoured Anuanatata Favoured Anuanatata Favoured Anuanatata Follow Dec 22 '25 Improving a Tutorial That Failed During Testing # testing # documentation # opensource # tutorial Comments Add Comment 1 min read Responsive Web Design: Breakpoints, Layouts & Real Testing Guide prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 22 '25 Responsive Web Design: Breakpoints, Layouts & Real Testing Guide # ux # frontend # testing # css Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/rgbos/the-quiet-shift-why-my-browser-tab-now-stays-on-gemini-32pe | The Quiet Shift: Why My Browser Tab Now Stays on Gemini - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Rashi Posted on Jan 12 The Quiet Shift: Why My Browser Tab Now Stays on Gemini # ai # productivity # chatgpt # gemini For the longest time, my digital life had a very specific rhythm. Whenever I hit a wall at work or needed a creative spark, my fingers would instinctively type "c-h-a-t" into the browser. ChatGPT was my first real introduction to the world of AI, and like many of us, I was hooked from day one. It felt like having a very smart, very fast friend who lived inside my laptop. But over the last few months, something has changed. I didn’t wake up one day and decide to switch; it was more like a slow, quiet migration. I started noticing that when I had a "real-world" problem to solve, I was reaching for Gemini instead. The transition really started with the frustration of the "copy-paste" dance. Like most people, my work lives in Google Docs and my communication lives in Gmail. I realized I was spending half my time acting as a middleman between my AI and my files. I would copy a long email thread, paste it into ChatGPT to summarize it, and then copy that summary back into a document. One day, I tried asking Gemini to do it directly. I typed a simple command asking it to find a specific project note in my Drive and draft a reply in my Gmail. When it actually did it—without me having to move a single piece of text myself—the friction I had grown used to suddenly vanished. Another reason for the shift is how Gemini handles the "messiness" of my life. I’m a visual learner, and I tend to take photos of things I don’t understand, like a weird error message on a dashboard or a confusing diagram in a textbook. While other models can see images, Gemini feels like it’s actually "looking" with me. It connects what it sees to the vast web of Google’s real-time information. If I show it a picture of a plant that’s dying in my office, it doesn’t just guess the species; it checks the local weather in my city and suggests a watering schedule based on the actual humidity outside my window. That level of real-world awareness makes it feel less like a chatbot and more like a personal assistant. Perhaps the biggest factor, though, is the feeling of trust. We’ve all had that moment where an AI tells us something that sounds perfectly true, only to find out later it was a total hallucination. Gemini has this "Double-Check" feature that has become my safety net. Being able to click a button and see exactly which parts of a response are backed up by Google Search results—and which parts might be a bit shaky—changed how I work. It turned the AI from a creative writer I had to second-guess into a research partner I could actually rely on for facts. I still have a lot of respect for ChatGPT, and I think it will always have a place for pure, imaginative writing. But as my day-to-day tasks become more complex and integrated with the web, I find myself needing a tool that lives where I live. Gemini doesn't feel like a separate destination I have to visit anymore; it feels like a natural extension of the way I already use the internet. It’s been a subtle change, but looking at my browser history today, the evidence is clear: the star icon is where I spend my time now. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Rashi Follow Software engineer specializing in scalable, user-focused applications. Skilled in full-stack development and cloud technologies, with a passion for elegant, efficient solutions. Joined Sep 13, 2025 More from Rashi The Danger of Letting AI Think for You # ai # discuss # productivity Beyond the Chatbot: The AI Tools Defining 2026 # agents # ai # llm The Next Shift in Development: From Coding to AI Orchestration # ai # career # softwaredevelopment 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/codebunny20/building-voice-trainer-a-tiny-local-first-pitch-analysis-tool-for-gender-affirming-voice-practice-23a0 | Building Voice Trainer: a tiny, local‑first pitch analysis tool for gender‑affirming voice practice - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse codebunny20 Posted on Jan 12 Building Voice Trainer: a tiny, local‑first pitch analysis tool for gender‑affirming voice practice # privacy # opensource # tooling # showdev As part of the HRT Journey Tracker Suite, I’ve been building tools that support transition in practical, offline‑friendly ways. The newest addition is Voice Trainer, a small desktop app for recording short clips, estimating pitch, and saving voice practice notes — all stored locally, no accounts or cloud services. the voice trainer is located here in the HRT Journey Tracker git hub repo along with all the other tools ive made This is why im building this Voice training can feel intimidating, and most tools are either too clinical or too invasive with data. I wanted something simple: hit record, get your pitch, save your notes, move on. What the app does • Record short clips from any microphone • Estimate pitch (Hz) from recordings or imported audio • Save practice recordings and longer voice notes • Persist settings locally • Keep all data inside the app folder for privacy Key features Record & Analyze • Device selection with filtering • Optional countdown • Analyze last recording or any chosen file • Works best with clear, sustained vowels Voice Notes • Longer recordings stored in • File details shown on selection Settings • Default input device • Countdown toggle + duration • Settings saved to Troubleshooting • Refresh devices after plugging in a headset • Set a default input device if recording fails • Improve pitch detection with louder or cleaner If you’re building privacy‑first tools or working on gender‑affirming tech, I’d love to hear what you’re making too. im always looking for help and guidance and thanks in advance for any future contribution. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse codebunny20 Follow I'm a trans woman and after I started my transition I started learning python and other code languages and fell down the rabbit hole and now I'm hooked. Education high school Pronouns She/Her Work hopefully freelance some day Joined Jan 2, 2026 More from codebunny20 🌈 Looking for help if possible: I’m Stuck on My TrackMyHRT App (Medication + Symptom Tracker) # programming # python # opensource # discuss 🌈 Looking for Guidance: I’m Building an HRT Journey Tracker Suite, but I’m Stuck # architecture # discuss # help # privacy 🌈 HRT Journey Tracker Suite # webdev # programming # python # opensource 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/jwebsite-go/readiness-probe-3co0#comments | Readiness probe - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Posted on Jan 13 Readiness probe # devops # aws # kubernetes # beginners Readiness probe ** — это **проверка “готово ли приложение принимать трафик” . Проще говоря: “Ты уже готов работать с пользователями или ещё нет?” Чаще всего это термин из Kubernetes . Простыми словами 👇 Представь кафе: Кафе открыто , но повар ещё не готов, кухня не прогрелась, продукты не разложены. Readiness probe — это как вопрос официанту: 👉 «Можно уже пускать клиентов?» Если ответ “нет” — клиенты не заходят. Если “да” — клиентов начинают пускать. В Kubernetes что происходит Kubernetes регулярно проверяет приложение (например, по HTTP-запросу или команде). Если readiness probe успешен ✅ → pod получает трафик (его добавляют в Service / Load Balancer). Если неуспешен ❌ → pod жив , но трафик к нему не идёт . ⚠️ Важно: Readiness probe не убивает pod , он просто временно “выводится из оборота”. Чем отличается от liveness probe Коротко: Liveness probe — “Ты вообще жив?” ❌ нет → pod перезапускают Readiness probe — “Ты готов обслуживать запросы?” ❌ нет → pod живёт, но без трафика Когда readiness probe особенно нужен приложение долго стартует подключается к БД делает миграции временно перегружено зависит от внешних сервисов Погнали, наглядно и без заумных слов 😄 Реальный YAML-пример с readiness + liveness + startup apiVersion : v1 kind : Pod metadata : name : demo-app spec : containers : - name : app image : my-app:1.0 ports : - containerPort : 8080 # 1️⃣ Startup probe — ждём, пока приложение ВООБЩЕ запустится startupProbe : httpGet : path : /health/startup port : 8080 failureThreshold : 30 periodSeconds : 5 # → даём до 150 секунд на старт # 2️⃣ Readiness probe — готово ли принимать трафик readinessProbe : httpGet : path : /health/ready port : 8080 initialDelaySeconds : 5 periodSeconds : 5 failureThreshold : 3 # 3️⃣ Liveness probe — не зависло ли livenessProbe : httpGet : path : /health/live port : 8080 periodSeconds : 10 failureThreshold : 3 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Что здесь происходит по шагам 🟦 Startup probe Вопрос: «Ты уже ЗАПУСТИЛСЯ?» Kubernetes не запускает readiness и liveness , пока startup probe не станет OK если не стал OK за лимит → pod перезапускают 💡 Нужен для: Java / Spring приложений с миграциями долгого старта 🟩 Readiness probe Вопрос: «Ты ГОТОВ принимать запросы?» если ❌ → pod убирают из Service pod не перезапускают когда снова ✅ → трафик возвращается 💡 Типично проверяют: подключение к БД доступность зависимостей перегрузку 🟥 Liveness probe Вопрос: «Ты вообще ЖИВ?» если ❌ → pod перезапускают 💡 Проверяет: deadlock зависшие потоки утечки памяти Сравнение: startup vs readiness (очень коротко) Probe Когда Если FAIL Для чего startup только при старте pod перезапуск долгий запуск readiness всё время убрать трафик временно не готов liveness всё время pod перезапуск приложение зависло Жизненный пример Приложение стартует так: запускается JVM (40 сек) миграции БД (30 сек) готово принимать запросы 👉 startup probe ждёт шаги 1–2 👉 readiness probe включает трафик только после шага 3 👉 liveness probe следит, чтобы всё не зависло через час Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Follow DevOps Engineer. AWS, Terraform, Docker and CI/CD. Building real projects and sharing my DevOps journey. Location United States Work DevOps Engineer Joined Dec 20, 2025 More from Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Сине-зеленое развертывание на EKS # eks # aws # bluegreen # programming Kubernetes #1 # kubernetes # nginx # docker # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/jwebsite-go/kubernetes-1-16l0 | Kubernetes #1 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Posted on Jan 5 Kubernetes #1 # kubernetes # nginx # docker # programming Что такое капсула ? Зачем существует Kubernetes Как транспорт добирается до контейнера Почему сетевые возможности Kubernetes отличаются от Docker ЦЕЛЬ ПРОЕКТА ✔ Запустить приложение в Kubernetes ✔ Сделать его доступным ✔ Открыть его в браузере ✔ Понять каждый шаг ТРЕБОВАНИЯ Minikube (локальный Kubernetes) kubectl Docker установлен ШАГ 1 — Запустите Kubernetes (Minikube) minikube start Проверять: kubectl get nodes Ожидал: NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION minikube Ready control-plane ... Почему: _Kubernetes всегда запускает рабочие нагрузки на узлах . _ ШАГ 2 — Создайте под (наименьший по размеру модуль Kubernetes). Создать файл:pod.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: hello-pod labels: app: hello spec: containers: name: hello-container image: nginx ports: - containerPort: 80 Примените это: kubectl apply -f pod.yaml Проверять: kubectl get pods Почему: Pod — это самый маленький объект , который запускает Kubernetes, а не контейнер. ШАГ 3 — Убедитесь, что под запущен. kubectl describe pod hello-pod Основные моменты, на которые следует обратить внимание: IP-адрес пода Статус контейнера События Объясните студентам: Kubernetes назначил IP-адрес, запустил контейнер и осуществляет его мониторинг. ШАГ 4 — Создание сервиса (предоставление доступа к поду) Создать файл:service.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: hello-service spec: type: NodePort selector: app: hello ports: port: 80 targetPort: 80 nodePort: 30007 Применять: kubectl apply -f service.yaml Проверять: kubectl get svc Почему: IP-адреса подов нестабильны . Сервисы обеспечивают стабильный доступ . ШАГ 5 — Доступ из браузера Бегать: minikube ip Откройте браузер: http://:30007 Вам следует увидеть: Welcome to nginx! Вот как работает Kubernetes. ШАГ 6 — Докажите способность Kubernetes к самовосстановлению (ключевая концепция) Удалить подкаст: kubectl delete pod hello-pod Проверять: kubectl get pods Результат: ❌ Под удален ❌ Сервису некуда перенаправить запрос Объяснять: Именно поэтому одних только Pod-ов недостаточно для серийного производства. * ЧТО ВЫ УЗНАЛИ (Это очень важно) * 1. Концепция Теперь вы понимаете. 2. Под Самая маленькая единица 3. Услуга Стабильная сеть 4. NodePort Внешний доступ 5. Метки Как сервисы находят поды 6. Зачем существуют развертывания? Стручки погибают 7. ОЧЕНЬ ВАЖНОЕ ОСВЕДОМЛЕНИЕ 8. Kubernetes не создает под заново . 9. Вот почему нам нужны развертывания . Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Follow DevOps Engineer. AWS, Terraform, Docker and CI/CD. Building real projects and sharing my DevOps journey. Location United States Work DevOps Engineer Joined Dec 20, 2025 More from Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Сине-зеленое развертывание на EKS # eks # aws # bluegreen # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/flo152121063061/i-tried-to-capture-system-audio-in-the-browser-heres-what-i-learned-1f99 | I tried to capture system audio in the browser. Here's what I learned. - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Flo Posted on Jan 12 I tried to capture system audio in the browser. Here's what I learned. # webdev # javascript # learning # api I'm building LiveSuggest, a real-time AI assistant that listens to your meetings and gives you suggestions as you talk. Simple idea, right? Turns out, capturing audio from a browser tab is... complicated. The good news Chrome and Edge support it. You use getDisplayMedia , the same API for screen sharing, but with an audio option: const stream = await navigator . mediaDevices . getDisplayMedia ({ video : true , audio : { systemAudio : ' include ' } }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The user picks a tab to share, checks "Share tab audio", and boom — you get the audio stream. Works great for Zoom, Teams, Meet, whatever runs in a browser tab. The bad news Firefox? Implements getDisplayMedia but completely ignores the audio part. No error, no warning. You just... don't get audio. Safari? Same story. The API exists, audio doesn't. Mobile browsers? None of them support it. iOS, Android, doesn't matter. So if you're building something that needs system audio, you're looking at Chrome/Edge desktop only. That's maybe 60-65% of your potential users. What I ended up doing I detect the browser upfront and show a clear message: "Firefox doesn't support system audio capture for meetings. Use Chrome or Edge for this feature. Microphone capture is still available." No tricks, no workarounds. Just honesty. Users appreciate knowing why something doesn't work rather than wondering if they did something wrong. For Firefox/Safari users, the app falls back to microphone-only mode. It's not ideal for capturing both sides of a conversation, but it's better than nothing. The annoying details A few things that wasted my time so they don't waste yours: You have to request video. Even if you only want audio. video: true is mandatory. I immediately stop the video track after getting the stream, but you can't skip it. The "Share tab audio" checkbox is easy to miss. Chrome shows it in the sharing dialog, but it's not checked by default. If your user doesn't check it, you get a stream with zero audio tracks. No error, just silence. The stream can die anytime. User clicks "Stop sharing" in Chrome's toolbar? Your stream ends. You need to listen for the ended event and handle it gracefully. Was it worth it? Absolutely. For the browsers that support it, capturing tab audio is a game-changer. You can build things that weren't possible before — meeting assistants, live translators, accessibility tools. Just go in knowing that you'll spend time on browser detection and fallbacks. That's the web in 2025. If you're curious about what I built, check out LiveSuggest . And if you've found better workarounds for Firefox/Safari, I'd love to hear about them in the comments. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Flo Follow Joined Jan 12, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/news/page/5 | News Page 5 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close News Follow Hide Expect to see announcements of new and updated products, services, and features for languages & frameworks. You also will find high-level news relevant to the tech and software development industry covered here. 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Right menu Kubernetes 1.35 Security: 7 Game-Changing Features Released Today (DevSecOps Must-Know) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 17 '25 Kubernetes 1.35 Security: 7 Game-Changing Features Released Today (DevSecOps Must-Know) # news # kubernetes # devops # security Comments Add Comment 4 min read TokenEscrowV1: Fixing MPT Escrow Accounting Shashwat Mittal Shashwat Mittal Shashwat Mittal Follow for RippleX Developers Dec 17 '25 TokenEscrowV1: Fixing MPT Escrow Accounting # news # blockchain # web3 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Perl 🐪 Weekly #753 - Happy New Year! Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Dec 29 '25 Perl 🐪 Weekly #753 - Happy New Year! # news # perl # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Google is rolling out Gemini 3 Flash globally in search Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Follow Dec 18 '25 Google is rolling out Gemini 3 Flash globally in search # news # gemini # google # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read Connect with the stdlib community on Zulip Athan Athan Athan Follow for stdlib Dec 17 '25 Connect with the stdlib community on Zulip # news # community # tooling Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS re:Invent 2025: Serverless and Storage Get an AI-Powered Overhaul! DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 17 '25 AWS re:Invent 2025: Serverless and Storage Get an AI-Powered Overhaul! # news # aws # cloud # serverless Comments Add Comment 8 min read ONLYOFFICE API updates: What’s new in December 2025 Kseniya Fedoruk Kseniya Fedoruk Kseniya Fedoruk Follow for ONLYOFFICE Dec 17 '25 ONLYOFFICE API updates: What’s new in December 2025 # news # onlyoffice # api Comments Add Comment 3 min read Introducing the NORVI M12-B: 5+ Years of Maintenance-Free Utility Telemetry Bhanuka Gamachchige Bhanuka Gamachchige Bhanuka Gamachchige Follow for NORVI Controllers Dec 18 '25 Introducing the NORVI M12-B: 5+ Years of Maintenance-Free Utility Telemetry # news # automation Comments Add Comment 4 min read The 11 Largest AI Companies in the World (December 2025 Edition) Alex Troitsky Alex Troitsky Alex Troitsky Follow Dec 16 '25 The 11 Largest AI Companies in the World (December 2025 Edition) # news # ai # startup # datascience Comments Add Comment 4 min read MongoBleed: A Heartbleed-Class Memory Disclosure in MongoDB Shibly Noman Shibly Noman Shibly Noman Follow Dec 30 '25 MongoBleed: A Heartbleed-Class Memory Disclosure in MongoDB # news # mongodb # cybersecurity # networking 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Great Tech Reshuffle: AI-Driven Layoffs and the Golden Age of Specialized Funding DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 17 '25 The Great Tech Reshuffle: AI-Driven Layoffs and the Golden Age of Specialized Funding # news # career # technology # software Comments Add Comment 6 min read Just shipped preview mode Aykut Önen Aykut Önen Aykut Önen Follow Dec 20 '25 Just shipped preview mode # news # webdev # product # ux Comments 3 comments 1 min read Perl 🐪 Weekly #752 - Marlin - OOP Framework Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Dec 22 '25 Perl 🐪 Weekly #752 - Marlin - OOP Framework # news # perl # programming 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read End Of The Year For Denshya Libraries Valery Zinchenko Valery Zinchenko Valery Zinchenko Follow for denshya Dec 16 '25 End Of The Year For Denshya Libraries # news # webdev # frontend # showdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Integration Is Not the Hard Part. Living With It Is. Ani Kulkarni Ani Kulkarni Ani Kulkarni Follow Dec 31 '25 Integration Is Not the Hard Part. Living With It Is. # news # platformasaservice # ipaas 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read The AI Tsunami: How VS Code Extensions in 2024-2025 Are Redefining Developer Productivity DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 16 '25 The AI Tsunami: How VS Code Extensions in 2024-2025 Are Redefining Developer Productivity # news # devtools # productivity # tools Comments Add Comment 7 min read NVIDIA launches Nemotron 3 open models in Nano, Super, and Ultra sizes foradvanced agentic AI Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Follow Dec 16 '25 NVIDIA launches Nemotron 3 open models in Nano, Super, and Ultra sizes foradvanced agentic AI # news # ai # agents # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS S3 Vectors: Finally, Cloud Scalable Vector Storage 🚀 Omar Fathy Omar Fathy Omar Fathy Follow Dec 16 '25 AWS S3 Vectors: Finally, Cloud Scalable Vector Storage 🚀 # news # ai # database # aws 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Your Morning AI News: ChatGPT's $3B Milestone, GPT-5.2 Launch, and the Rise of AI Scams in December 2025 Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Follow Dec 19 '25 Your Morning AI News: ChatGPT's $3B Milestone, GPT-5.2 Launch, and the Rise of AI Scams in December 2025 # news # ai # tech # chatgpt 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Navigating the Future: Top Data Engineering Trends Shaping 2024 and Beyond DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 14 '25 Navigating the Future: Top Data Engineering Trends Shaping 2024 and Beyond # news # dataengineering # etl # trends Comments Add Comment 4 min read Beyond Tutorials: Welcome to Spandan’s Sandbox 🛠️ Spandan Sehgal Spandan Sehgal Spandan Sehgal Follow Dec 18 '25 Beyond Tutorials: Welcome to Spandan’s Sandbox 🛠️ # showdev # productivity # news 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Navigating Database Trends: NoSQL, PostgreSQL, & Beyond for Modern Data DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 13 '25 Navigating Database Trends: NoSQL, PostgreSQL, & Beyond for Modern Data # news # database # nosql # postgres Comments Add Comment 4 min read Rust for Data Processing: Unlocking Blazing Performance and Reliability DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 12 '25 Rust for Data Processing: Unlocking Blazing Performance and Reliability # news # rust # performance # data Comments Add Comment 5 min read Game Dev Digest — Issue #310 - Level Design, Indie Marketing, Keeping It Simple, and more Game Dev Digest - The Newsletter On Unity Game Dev Game Dev Digest - The Newsletter On Unity Game Dev Game Dev Digest - The Newsletter On Unity Game Dev Follow Dec 12 '25 Game Dev Digest — Issue #310 - Level Design, Indie Marketing, Keeping It Simple, and more # news # gamedev # unity3d # csharp Comments Add Comment 10 min read Mastering Modern Data: New JavaScript Libraries You Need to Know DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 11 '25 Mastering Modern Data: New JavaScript Libraries You Need to Know # news # javascript # npm # libraries Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/joe-re/i-built-a-desktop-app-to-supercharge-my-tmux-claude-code-workflow-521m#comments | I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse joe-re Posted on Jan 12 I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow # claudecode # tauri # productivity # tmux Background Until recently, I was primarily using Cursor for AI-assisted coding. The editor-centric AI integration worked really well with my development style—it made the feedback loop smooth when AI-generated code didn't match my intentions, whether I needed to manually fix it or provide additional instructions. But everything changed when Opus 4.5 was released in late November last year. Opus 4.5 delivers outputs that match my expectations far better than any previous model. Claude Code's CUI-first design also feels natural to my workflow. Now, Claude Code has become the center of my development process. I've locked in Opus 4.5 as my daily driver. I typically run multiple Claude Code sessions simultaneously—across different projects or multiple branches using git worktree. Managing notifications and checking outputs across these sessions is critical. I was using OS notifications to check in whenever changes happened, but I kept missing them. I wanted something better. So I built an app to streamline my workflow. What I Built eyes-on-claude-code It's a cross-platform desktop application built with Tauri . I've only tested it on macOS (my daily environment), but the codebase is designed to support Linux as well. My Environment & Workflow This app is primarily designed to optimize my own workflow, so the features reflect my environment and habits. I develop using Ghostty + tmux . My typical workflow looks like this: Draft ideas and design in Markdown Give instructions to Claude Code (using Plan mode for larger tasks) Review the diff of generated code, then provide additional instructions or continue Features Multi-Session Monitoring Dashboard The dashboard monitors Claude Code sessions by receiving events through hooks configured in the global settings.json . Since I keep this running during development, I designed it with a minimal, non-intrusive UI. Always-on-top mode (optional) ensures the window doesn't get buried under other apps—so you never miss a notification. Transparency settings let you configure opacity separately for active and inactive states. When inactive, you can make it nearly invisible so it doesn't get in the way. It's there in the top-right corner, barely visible. Status Display & Sound Notifications Sessions are displayed with one of four states: State Meaning Display Active Claude is working 🟢 WaitingPermission Waiting for permission approval 🔐 WaitingInput Waiting for user input (idle) ⏳ Completed Response complete ✅ Sound effects play on state changes (can be toggled off): Waiting (Permission/Input) : Alert tone (two low beeps) Completed : Completion chime (ascending two-note sound) I'm planning to add volume control and custom commands in the future—like using say to speak or playing music on completion 🎵 Git-Based Diff Viewer I usually review AI-generated changes using difit . I wanted to integrate that same flow into this app, so you can launch difit directly on changed files. Huge thanks to the difit team for building such a great tool! tmux Integration When developing, I use tmux panes and tabs to manage multiple windows. My typical setup is Claude Code on the left half, and server/commands on the right. When working across multiple projects or branches via git worktree, it's frustrating to hunt for which tmux tab has Claude Code running. So I added a tmux mirror view that lets you quickly check results and give simple instructions without switching tabs. How It Works The app uses Claude Code hooks to determine session status based on which hooks fire. Event Flow I didn't want to introduce complexity with an intermediate server for inter-process communication. So I went with a simple approach: hooks write to log files, and the app watches those files. Hooks write logs to a temporary directory ( .local/eocc/logs ), which the app monitors. Since Claude Code runs in a terminal, hooks can access terminal environment paths. This lets me grab tmux and npx paths from within hooks and pass them to the app. Mapping Hooks to Status Claude Code provides these hook events: https://code.claude.com/docs/hooks-guide Here's how I map them to session states: Event Usage Session State session_start (startup/resume) Start a session Active session_end End a session Remove session notification (permission_prompt) Waiting for approval WaitingPermission notification (idle_prompt) Waiting for input WaitingInput stop Response completed Completed post_tool_use After tool execution Active user_prompt_submit Prompt submitted Active Conclusion I've only been using Claude Code as my primary tool for about two months, and I expect my workflow will keep evolving. Thanks to AI, I can quickly build and adapt tools like this—which is exactly what makes this era so exciting. If your workflow is similar to mine, give it a try! I'd love to hear your feedback. GitHub : https://github.com/joe-re/eyes-on-claude-code Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse joe-re Follow Software Engineer in Japan Work PeopleX Inc. Joined Jan 2, 2018 Trending on DEV Community Hot AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # programming # ai # career # discuss Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:50 |
https://dev.to/t/privacy/page/2 | Privacy Page 2 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # privacy Follow Hide Create Post Older #privacy posts 1 2 3 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 🌈 Looking for Guidance: I’m Building an HRT Journey Tracker Suite, but I’m Stuck codebunny20 codebunny20 codebunny20 Follow Jan 10 🌈 Looking for Guidance: I’m Building an HRT Journey Tracker Suite, but I’m Stuck # discuss # architecture # help # privacy Comments 2 comments 2 min read Tuya Geräte in Home Assistant: 100% Lokal & ohne China-Cloud (Local Key auslesen) Tim Alex Tim Alex Tim Alex Follow Jan 5 Tuya Geräte in Home Assistant: 100% Lokal & ohne China-Cloud (Local Key auslesen) # homeassistant # privacy # iot # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Prevent Software Piracy in C# Desktop Apps: A Complete Guide Olivier Moussalli Olivier Moussalli Olivier Moussalli Follow Jan 5 How to Prevent Software Piracy in C# Desktop Apps: A Complete Guide # privacy # security # software # csharp Comments Add Comment 5 min read Privacy vs. Convenience: The Hidden Cost of Always-On Tracking 🔍📱 Willie Harris Willie Harris Willie Harris Follow Jan 3 Privacy vs. Convenience: The Hidden Cost of Always-On Tracking 🔍📱 # privacy # development # technology Comments Add Comment 5 min read Zero-Knowledge Security: Protecting Patient Privacy Through Client-Side Encryption wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 3 Zero-Knowledge Security: Protecting Patient Privacy Through Client-Side Encryption # privacy # security # react # encryption Comments Add Comment 3 min read I built an open-source, privacy-first PDF toolkit (80+ tools) to replace Adobe. Here is the stack. Tony Larry Tony Larry Tony Larry Follow Jan 8 I built an open-source, privacy-first PDF toolkit (80+ tools) to replace Adobe. Here is the stack. # webassembly # nextjs # opensource # privacy 2 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Malicious Chrome Extensions Steal AI Chats: How to Protect Your Conversations in 2026 Manu Manu Manu Follow Jan 3 Malicious Chrome Extensions Steal AI Chats: How to Protect Your Conversations in 2026 # ai # cybersecurity # privacy # security 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read AiCybr: 60+ Privacy-Focused Tools in One Place OB OB OB Follow Jan 2 AiCybr: 60+ Privacy-Focused Tools in One Place # privacy # productivity # security # resources Comments Add Comment 3 min read Textly - 30+ Free Online Text Tools (No Sign Up, Private) Amin Islam Amin Islam Amin Islam Follow Jan 4 Textly - 30+ Free Online Text Tools (No Sign Up, Private) # showdev # privacy # productivity # tooling Comments Add Comment 1 min read PriviMetrics: Privacy-First, Lightweight Analytics for Shared Hosting WebOrbiton WebOrbiton WebOrbiton Follow Jan 3 PriviMetrics: Privacy-First, Lightweight Analytics for Shared Hosting # showdev # analytics # performance # privacy Comments Add Comment 1 min read Privacy-First Screen Recording: No Installation, No Cloud, No Compromise techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Jan 3 Privacy-First Screen Recording: No Installation, No Cloud, No Compromise # showdev # webdev # privacy # tooling 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read 2025 Was for Playing. 2026 Is for Paying. 📉📈 Naved Shaikh Naved Shaikh Naved Shaikh Follow Jan 2 2025 Was for Playing. 2026 Is for Paying. 📉📈 # ai # futurechallenge # agents # privacy 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Building Parallax: A Trust & Transparency Utility for Ubuntu Touch Prasanth Prasanth Prasanth Follow Jan 2 Building Parallax: A Trust & Transparency Utility for Ubuntu Touch # opensource # privacy # ubuntu # mobile Comments Add Comment 3 min read Protecting a document is not the same as proving it exists BACOUL BACOUL BACOUL Follow Dec 31 '25 Protecting a document is not the same as proving it exists # security # privacy # webdev # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read How I Built a Client-Side Image Resizer (Lightning Fast) using Vanilla JS NIKHIL KUMAR NIKHIL KUMAR NIKHIL KUMAR Follow Jan 2 How I Built a Client-Side Image Resizer (Lightning Fast) using Vanilla JS # showdev # webdev # privacy # javascript Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 11: New Year, New Security (Password Generator) Michael Amachree Michael Amachree Michael Amachree Follow Dec 31 '25 Day 11: New Year, New Security (Password Generator) # security # svelte # privacy # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read I built a client-side Image to PDF converter (No Server Uploads) bhagwan das bhagwan das bhagwan das Follow Dec 31 '25 I built a client-side Image to PDF converter (No Server Uploads) # showdev # webdev # python # privacy Comments Add Comment 2 min read I built an open-source tier list maker because I was tired of ads and forced sign-ups Ahmed Abdellahi Abdat Ahmed Abdellahi Abdat Ahmed Abdellahi Abdat Follow Dec 29 '25 I built an open-source tier list maker because I was tired of ads and forced sign-ups # showdev # privacy # nextjs # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read A New Year Gift for You and Your Loved Ones: Free, Private, Local, Instant 3D Experiences techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Dec 30 '25 A New Year Gift for You and Your Loved Ones: Free, Private, Local, Instant 3D Experiences # showdev # tooling # privacy # offers 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read I built 28 financial calculators with zero tracking Stefan Neculai Stefan Neculai Stefan Neculai Follow Dec 30 '25 I built 28 financial calculators with zero tracking # showdev # javascript # privacy # webdev 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read We built a Windows app that blocks trackers and encrypts your traffic automatically Nyx Systems Nyx Systems Nyx Systems Follow Jan 2 We built a Windows app that blocks trackers and encrypts your traffic automatically # security # privacy # rust # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Developer's Guide to Actually Private Apps: No Cloud, No Analytics, No Tracking Karol Burdziński Karol Burdziński Karol Burdziński Follow Dec 28 '25 The Developer's Guide to Actually Private Apps: No Cloud, No Analytics, No Tracking # security # privacy # mobile # flutter 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 19 min read Why I Built a 100% Private File Converter Using WebAssembly (No Server Uploads) Azeem Mustafa Azeem Mustafa Azeem Mustafa Follow Dec 28 '25 Why I Built a 100% Private File Converter Using WebAssembly (No Server Uploads) # webdev # javascript # privacy # webassembly Comments Add Comment 2 min read SecureBitChat Desktop Is Here Volodymyr Volodymyr Volodymyr Follow Dec 29 '25 SecureBitChat Desktop Is Here # showdev # privacy # rust # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read I’m tired of calling glued-together scripts “workflow automation” Felix Schultz Felix Schultz Felix Schultz Follow Dec 27 '25 I’m tired of calling glued-together scripts “workflow automation” # rust # tooling # privacy # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close News Follow Hide Expect to see announcements of new and updated products, services, and features for languages & frameworks. You also will find high-level news relevant to the tech and software development industry covered here. Create Post submission guidelines When to use this tag : new service or product launched service, product, framework, library or language itself got updated (brief summary must be included as well as the source) covering broader tech industry/development news When NOT to use this tag : general news from media to promote people political posts to talk about personal goals (for example "I started to meditate every morning to increase my productivity" is nothing for this tag). about #news Use this tag to announce new products, services, or tools recently launched or updated. Notable changes in frameworks, libraries, or languages are ideal to cover. General tech industry news with a software development slant is also acceptable. This tag is not to be used for promotion of people, personal goals, or news unrelated to software development. Older #news posts 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu What 30 Years of Python Reveal About Programming Language Design? Rakshath Rakshath Rakshath Follow Dec 15 '25 What 30 Years of Python Reveal About Programming Language Design? # discuss # programming # python # news 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 4 min read Filikod : le plugin WP qui prend soin de vos images Lyode freelance Lyode freelance Lyode freelance Follow Dec 11 '25 Filikod : le plugin WP qui prend soin de vos images # news # wordpress # pluginwordpress # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read n8n 2.0: Enhanced Security, Reliability & Performance | Automation Upgrade Omer Dahan Omer Dahan Omer Dahan Follow Dec 11 '25 n8n 2.0: Enhanced Security, Reliability & Performance | Automation Upgrade # news # performance # automation # security Comments Add Comment 5 min read Navigating the Future: Key Data Engineering Trends for 2024 and Beyond DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 10 '25 Navigating the Future: Key Data Engineering Trends for 2024 and Beyond # news # dataengineering # etl # trends Comments Add Comment 6 min read Introducing AI Usage Measurement Framework (Track AI-Assisted Development in Your Repositories) SATINATH MONDAL SATINATH MONDAL SATINATH MONDAL Follow Dec 10 '25 Introducing AI Usage Measurement Framework (Track AI-Assisted Development in Your Repositories) # news # ai # opensource # github 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read NocoBase Weekly Updates: Optimization and Bug Fixes NocoBase NocoBase NocoBase Follow Dec 11 '25 NocoBase Weekly Updates: Optimization and Bug Fixes # news # opensource # lowcode # nocode Comments Add Comment 14 min read sunpeak: ChatGPT App Framework Abe Wheeler Abe Wheeler Abe Wheeler Follow Dec 11 '25 sunpeak: ChatGPT App Framework # showdev # mcp # githunt # news 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read New AWS Lambda Durable Functions – Do they replace Step Functions? Ian Carlson Ian Carlson Ian Carlson Follow Dec 14 '25 New AWS Lambda Durable Functions – Do they replace Step Functions? # news # serverless # aws # architecture Comments Add Comment 5 min read Accenture partners with Anthropic to help enterprises scale AI solutions frompilot to production Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Follow Dec 10 '25 Accenture partners with Anthropic to help enterprises scale AI solutions frompilot to production # news # ai # llm Comments Add Comment 1 min read I Built an AI-Powered Trend Analysis Tool Using the Virlo API (Here's How It Works) Arjun Vijay Prakash Arjun Vijay Prakash Arjun Vijay Prakash Follow Jan 8 I Built an AI-Powered Trend Analysis Tool Using the Virlo API (Here's How It Works) # news # python # ai # api 27 reactions Comments 7 comments 5 min read Why Security Updates Still Matter More Than Ever Max Bantsevich Max Bantsevich Max Bantsevich Follow Dec 10 '25 Why Security Updates Still Matter More Than Ever # news # security # nextjs # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Apply for AWS All Builders Welcome Grant Christina Christina Christina Follow Dec 8 '25 How to Apply for AWS All Builders Welcome Grant # news # aws # abw # community 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 5 min read How the Gaming Landscape Is Shifting in 2025: From Cloud Play to Hyper‑Responsive Hardware Ammar Yousry Ammar Yousry Ammar Yousry Follow Dec 10 '25 How the Gaming Landscape Is Shifting in 2025: From Cloud Play to Hyper‑Responsive Hardware # news # gamedev # cloud # performance Comments Add Comment 4 min read Alibaba's Qwen Code Update Adds Breakthrough Stream JSON Support Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Follow Dec 9 '25 Alibaba's Qwen Code Update Adds Breakthrough Stream JSON Support # news # ai # llm Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Use Git with Claude Code: Understanding the Co-Authored-By Attribution DeployHQ DeployHQ DeployHQ Follow Jan 2 How to Use Git with Claude Code: Understanding the Co-Authored-By Attribution # news # ai # claudecode # git Comments Add Comment 8 min read 🤖 AI News Roundup - December 08, 2025 (10:30 UTC) Edjere Evelyn Oghenetejiri Edjere Evelyn Oghenetejiri Edjere Evelyn Oghenetejiri Follow Dec 8 '25 🤖 AI News Roundup - December 08, 2025 (10:30 UTC) # news # ai # machinelearning # tech 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read SeaORM 2.0: Nested ActiveModel SeaQL SeaQL SeaQL Follow Dec 13 '25 SeaORM 2.0: Nested ActiveModel # news # database # rust Comments Add Comment 10 min read New York Times sues Perplexity for copyright infringement over AI use of newscontent Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Follow Dec 8 '25 New York Times sues Perplexity for copyright infringement over AI use of newscontent # discuss # llm # news # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read The EU AI Act: What It Means for Your Code, Your Models, and Your Users Ramya Vellanki Ramya Vellanki Ramya Vellanki Follow Dec 11 '25 The EU AI Act: What It Means for Your Code, Your Models, and Your Users # news # privacy # softwaredevelopment # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Perl 🐪 Weekly #750 - Perl Advent Calendar 2025 Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Dec 8 '25 Perl 🐪 Weekly #750 - Perl Advent Calendar 2025 # news # perl # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read Coderive - A New Programming Language of 2025 Danison Nuñez Danison Nuñez Danison Nuñez Follow Dec 21 '25 Coderive - A New Programming Language of 2025 # showdev # programming # science # news 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🌐 Strengthening the Security Pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework: Introducing EC2 Instance Attestation Kiran More Kiran More Kiran More Follow Dec 29 '25 🌐 Strengthening the Security Pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework: Introducing EC2 Instance Attestation # news # aws # security Comments Add Comment 2 min read The 60-Hour Monthly Black Hole Draining Your Competitive Edge TrackSimple TrackSimple TrackSimple Follow Dec 8 '25 The 60-Hour Monthly Black Hole Draining Your Competitive Edge # news # tracksimple # competitormonitoring # competitiveintelligence Comments Add Comment 4 min read AI This Week: Competition Heats Up While Adoption Struggles - Your Morning Coffee Briefing Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Follow Dec 6 '25 AI This Week: Competition Heats Up While Adoption Struggles - Your Morning Coffee Briefing # news # ai # technology # automation Comments Add Comment 5 min read AWS News Feed to Google Chat Notifier Prashant Gupta Prashant Gupta Prashant Gupta Follow Dec 28 '25 AWS News Feed to Google Chat Notifier # news # aws # googlechat Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close DEV Help The latest help documentation, tips and tricks from the DEV Community. Help > Reacting, Commenting and Engaging Reacting, Commenting and Engaging In this article Reactions Comments Active Engagement The DEV Community Newsletter & DEV Digest Writing Challenges & Content Campaigns (see also: Badges) Discussionsdiscuss Common Questions Q: How does comment threading work? Connect with the community, and discover advanced strategies for boosting engagement. Reactions Reactions allow you to express how you feel about articles on DEV and show your appreciation for the authors. You will find the reaction buttons at the top left corner of an article. Here's what (we think) they mean: ❤️ Love it. Default reaction showing appreciation for the article or author. 🦄 Exceptional. 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Right menu Why GitHubCard is the Final Tool You Need for Your Github Profile Colin Lee Colin Lee Colin Lee Follow Jan 10 Why GitHubCard is the Final Tool You Need for Your Github Profile # github # tooling # tutorial # githunt Comments 1 comment 3 min read sunpeak: ChatGPT App Framework Abe Wheeler Abe Wheeler Abe Wheeler Follow Dec 11 '25 sunpeak: ChatGPT App Framework # showdev # mcp # githunt # news 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Explore My GitHub Projects — Building, Learning & Shipping Muhammad Huzaifa Muhammad Huzaifa Muhammad Huzaifa Follow Nov 29 '25 Explore My GitHub Projects — Building, Learning & Shipping # git # github # publicinbox # githunt 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read VueFinder — A Modern File Manager for Vue Yusuf Yusuf Yusuf Follow Nov 26 '25 VueFinder — A Modern File Manager for Vue # webdev # vue # githunt 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read How I Fixed GitHub's Large File Warning with Git LFS for Auvra AI Aldorax Aldorax Aldorax Follow Jun 28 '25 How I Fixed GitHub's Large File Warning with Git LFS for Auvra AI # webdev # git # githunt # nextjs 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why This CTO Thinks JavaScript Is the Worst Programming Language Pam Jim Pam Jim Pam Jim Follow May 27 '25 Why This CTO Thinks JavaScript Is the Worst Programming Language # javascript # programming # webdev # githunt Comments 1 comment 2 min read Demystifying Blockchain for Beginners — Join My Open Source Crypto Commerce Project 🚀 Anushka Gupta Anushka Gupta Anushka Gupta Follow Apr 13 '25 Demystifying Blockchain for Beginners — Join My Open Source Crypto Commerce Project 🚀 # cryptocurrency # blockchain # opensource # githunt 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Git Branching Strategies: A Comprehensive Guide Karm Patel Karm Patel Karm Patel Follow Mar 16 '25 Git Branching Strategies: A Comprehensive Guide # git # github # githunt # twitter 113 reactions Comments 7 comments 6 min read How to Create a Sample Resume and Deploy it on GitHub Pages Kosisochukwu Ugochukwu Kosisochukwu Ugochukwu Kosisochukwu Ugochukwu Follow Feb 18 '25 How to Create a Sample Resume and Deploy it on GitHub Pages # github # git # githunt # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Today's GitHub Repositories Dev Sk Dev Sk Dev Sk Follow Dec 4 '24 Today's GitHub Repositories # ai # webdev # programming # githunt Comments Add Comment 1 min read [ROAST] Launching on DevHunt Doesn't Work? 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Ochi Daiki Ochi Daiki Ochi Daiki Follow Nov 18 '22 Tree Maker __ Convert Markdown to tree! # webdev # webassembly # go # githunt 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read What's new in SeaQuery 0.27.0 SeaQL SeaQL SeaQL Follow Nov 10 '22 What's new in SeaQuery 0.27.0 # showdev # rust # opensource # githunt 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Some less popular git commands Akash R Chandran Akash R Chandran Akash R Chandran Follow Oct 16 '22 Some less popular git commands # git # github # githunt # gitcommands 54 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Getting Started with Seaography SeaQL SeaQL SeaQL Follow Oct 5 '22 Getting Started with Seaography # showdev # rust # graphql # githunt 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Introducing Seaography SeaQL SeaQL SeaQL Follow Oct 3 '22 Introducing Seaography # showdev # rust # githunt # graphql 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Hacktoberfest is started, give your contribution! Hacktoberfest: Maintainer Spotlight ZigRazor ZigRazor ZigRazor Follow Oct 3 '22 Hacktoberfest is started, give your contribution! # hacktoberfest # opensource # github # githunt 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Difference Between Git and GitHub AlishaAS AlishaAS AlishaAS Follow Sep 9 '22 Difference Between Git and GitHub # github # githunt 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... trending guides/resources VueFinder — A Modern File Manager for Vue Explore My GitHub Projects — Building, Learning & Shipping Why GitHubCard is the Final Tool You Need for Your Github Profile 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # privacy Follow Hide Create Post Older #privacy posts 1 2 3 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 33 Million Accounts Exposed: What the Condé Nast Breach Teaches Engineering Leaders Ed Ed Ed Follow Dec 28 '25 33 Million Accounts Exposed: What the Condé Nast Breach Teaches Engineering Leaders # leadership # privacy # security Comments Add Comment 5 min read Oasis for Developers: an underrated EVM for privacy-first dApps Zerod0wn Gaming Zerod0wn Gaming Zerod0wn Gaming Follow Jan 11 Oasis for Developers: an underrated EVM for privacy-first dApps # solidity # cryptocurrency # blockchain # privacy 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 1 min read How to Quickly Diagnose Network Issues Using Browser-Based Tools myip casa myip casa myip casa Follow Dec 27 '25 How to Quickly Diagnose Network Issues Using Browser-Based Tools # security # webdev # privacy # networking Comments Add Comment 3 min read Is This the Most Private Way to Track Your Life? Dashboard of Life. techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Dec 27 '25 Is This the Most Private Way to Track Your Life? Dashboard of Life. # showdev # tooling # privacy # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built a Privacy-First Currency Converter in 2 Weeks Demetria Darjean Demetria Darjean Demetria Darjean Follow Dec 29 '25 I Built a Privacy-First Currency Converter in 2 Weeks # showdev # webdev # javascript # privacy 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Is Your AI Agent a Compliance Risk? How to Find Violations Hidden in Traces shashank agarwal shashank agarwal shashank agarwal Follow Dec 26 '25 Is Your AI Agent a Compliance Risk? How to Find Violations Hidden in Traces # privacy # agents # security # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stop Uploading Your Thoughts: A 100% Private, Local-First Sticky Notes Browser Tool techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Dec 26 '25 Stop Uploading Your Thoughts: A 100% Private, Local-First Sticky Notes Browser Tool # showdev # privacy # webdev # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Decentralized Finance's Biggest Vulnerability: Why Private Key Management Can't Stay Private sid sid sid Follow Dec 25 '25 Decentralized Finance's Biggest Vulnerability: Why Private Key Management Can't Stay Private # privacy # web3 # blockchain # security 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 4 min read Launched: Pain Tracker v1.0.0 (Open Source, Local-First, Trauma-Informed) CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Dec 25 '25 Launched: Pain Tracker v1.0.0 (Open Source, Local-First, Trauma-Informed) # showdev # opensource # react # privacy Comments Add Comment 2 min read Recreate Physical Calendar Notes Digitally — With Absolute Privacy techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Dec 25 '25 Recreate Physical Calendar Notes Digitally — With Absolute Privacy # showdev # productivity # privacy # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built a Privacy-First Currency Converter in 2 Weeks Demetria Darjean Demetria Darjean Demetria Darjean Follow Dec 24 '25 I Built a Privacy-First Currency Converter in 2 Weeks # showdev # webdev # javascript # privacy Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why I Built a Client-Side Alternative to Common Dev Tools Sam T Sam T Sam T Follow Dec 29 '25 Why I Built a Client-Side Alternative to Common Dev Tools # showdev # webdev # privacy # productivity Comments 1 comment 2 min read Verifiable Compute for Onchain Prop Trading: How Carrotfunding Uses ROFL Manav Manav Manav Follow Dec 25 '25 Verifiable Compute for Onchain Prop Trading: How Carrotfunding Uses ROFL # web3 # blockchain # privacy # proptrading 2 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read x402: Turning HTTP 402 into a Real Payment Primitive Manav Manav Manav Follow Dec 25 '25 x402: Turning HTTP 402 into a Real Payment Primitive # privacy # blockchain # web3 # http 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 3 min read Why Oasis Is Backing Custody-Native Credit Infrastructure Manav Manav Manav Follow Dec 25 '25 Why Oasis Is Backing Custody-Native Credit Infrastructure # privacy # web3 # blockchain # infrastructure 2 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Federated Learning or Bust: Architecting Privacy-First Health AI Beck_Moulton Beck_Moulton Beck_Moulton Follow Dec 28 '25 Federated Learning or Bust: Architecting Privacy-First Health AI # machinelearning # architecture # privacy # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read No Complex Regular Expressions Required: The New SLS Data Masking Function Makes Privacy Protection Simpler and More Efficient ObservabilityGuy ObservabilityGuy ObservabilityGuy Follow Dec 24 '25 No Complex Regular Expressions Required: The New SLS Data Masking Function Makes Privacy Protection Simpler and More Efficient # data # privacy # tooling # cybersecurity Comments Add Comment 7 min read I built a "Privacy Firewall" for ChatGPT using Next.js 15 & WebAssembly (100% Offline) Arpit Singhal Arpit Singhal Arpit Singhal Follow Dec 23 '25 I built a "Privacy Firewall" for ChatGPT using Next.js 15 & WebAssembly (100% Offline) # showdev # nextjs # privacy # webdev 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read Midnight — The 4th-Generation Privacy Blockchain Bringing "Rational Privacy" to Developers | Introducing midnightexplorer.com Midnight Network Challenge: Enhance the Ecosystem Minh Le Dinh Minh Le Dinh Minh Le Dinh Follow Dec 29 '25 Midnight — The 4th-Generation Privacy Blockchain Bringing "Rational Privacy" to Developers | Introducing midnightexplorer.com # midnightchallenge # zk # privacy 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Tokenomics' Hidden Flaw: Why Economic Models Need Privacy to Prevent Manipulation sid sid sid Follow Dec 25 '25 Tokenomics' Hidden Flaw: Why Economic Models Need Privacy to Prevent Manipulation # privacy # web3 # blockchain # security 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 5 min read Healthcare Data Breaches Have Become Cost Centers, Not Emergencies ZB25 ZB25 ZB25 Follow Dec 24 '25 Healthcare Data Breaches Have Become Cost Centers, Not Emergencies # cybersecurity # healthcare # databreach # privacy Comments Add Comment 6 min read Is it possible to create powerful 3D photo animations with only browser tools and client-side processing? techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Dec 23 '25 Is it possible to create powerful 3D photo animations with only browser tools and client-side processing? # showdev # animation # privacy # webtools 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Ephemeral Signal Ethics Manifesto Nnamdi Okpala Nnamdi Okpala Nnamdi Okpala Follow Dec 26 '25 The Ephemeral Signal Ethics Manifesto # discuss # privacy # architecture # security Comments Add Comment 2 min read Explaining What Happens On-Chain vs Off-Chain Marycynthia Ihemebiwo Marycynthia Ihemebiwo Marycynthia Ihemebiwo Follow Dec 22 '25 Explaining What Happens On-Chain vs Off-Chain # privacy # opensource # blockchain # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read Adding a Missing Example for Privacy Controls Kalu Jennifer Kalu Jennifer Kalu Jennifer Follow Dec 21 '25 Adding a Missing Example for Privacy Controls # privacy # web3 # documentation # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/miltivik/how-i-built-a-high-performance-social-api-with-bun-elysiajs-on-a-5-vps-handling-36k-reqsmin-5do4#comments | How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse nicomedina Posted on Jan 13 How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) # bunjs # api # javascript # programming The Goal I wanted to build a "Micro-Social" API—a backend service capable of handling Twitter-like feeds, follows, and likes—without breaking the bank. My constraints were simple: Budget:** $5 - $20 / month. Performance:** Sub-300ms latency. Scale:** Must handle concurrent load (stress testing). Most tutorials show you Hello World . This post shows you what happens when you actually hit Hello World with 25 concurrent users on a cheap VPS. (Spoiler: It crashes). Here is how I fixed it. ## The Stack 🛠️ I chose Bun over Node.js for its startup speed and built-in tooling. Runtime: Bun Framework: ElysiaJS (Fastest Bun framework) Database: PostgreSQL (via Dokploy) ORM: Drizzle (Lightweight & Type-safe) Hosting: VPS with Dokploy (Docker Compose) The "Oh Sh*t" Moment 🚨 I deployed my first version. It worked fine for me. Then I ran a load test using k6 to simulate 25 virtual users browsing various feeds. k6 run tests/stress-test.js Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Result: ✗ http_req_failed................: 86.44% ✗ status is 429..................: 86.44% The server wasn't crashing, but it was rejecting almost everyone. Diagnosis I initially blamed Traefik (the reverse proxy). But digging into the code, I found the culprit was me . // src/index.ts // OLD CONFIGURATION . use ( rateLimit ({ duration : 60 _000 , max : 100 // 💀 100 requests per minute... GLOBAL per IP? })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Since my stress test (and likely any future NATed corporate office) sent all requests from a single IP, I was essentially DDOSing myself. The Fixes 🔧 1. Tuning the Rate Limiter I bumped the limit to 2,500 req/min . This prevents abuse while allowing heavy legitimate traffic (or load balancers). // src/index.ts . use ( rateLimit ({ duration : 60 _000 , max : 2500 // Much better for standard reliable APIs })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Database Connection Pooling The default Postgres pool size is often small (e.g., 10 or 20). My VPS has 4GB RAM. PostgreSQL needs RAM for connections, but not that much. I bumped the pool to 80 connections . // src/db/index.ts const client = postgres ( process . env . DATABASE_URL , { max : 80 }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Horizontal Scaling with Docker Node/Bun is single-threaded. A single container uses 1 CPU core effectivey. My VPS has 2 vCPUs. I added a replicas instruction to my docker-compose.dokploy.yml : api : build : . restart : always deploy : replicas : 2 # One for each core! Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This instantly doubled my throughput capacity. Traefik automatically load-balances between the two containers. The Final Result 🟢 Ran k6 again: ✓ checks_succeeded...: 100.00% ✓ http_req_duration..: p(95)=200.45ms ✓ http_req_failed....: 0.00% (excluding auth checks) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 0 errors. 200ms latency. On a cheap VPS. Takeaway You don't need Kubernetes for a side project. You just need to understand where your bottlenecks are: Application Layer: Check your Rate Limits. Database Layer: Check your Connection Pool. Hardware: Use all your cores (Replicas). If you want to try the API, I published it on RapidAPI as Micro-Social API . https://rapidapi.com/ismamed4/api/micro-social Happy coding! 🚀 Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Curious about what makes apps succeed (or fail). Sharing lessons from real-world performance stories. Pronouns She/Her Joined Jun 24, 2025 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great article! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse nicomedina Follow Hello im a Uruguayan Developer and im a person who always want to search, learn, and adapt new habit or skills in me. Location Uruguay Education UTEC Pronouns He/His Joined Jan 11, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev 🧗♂️Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Max Dot Product of Two Subsequences' – LeetCode 1458 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/hoverbaum/how-to-add-code-highlighting-to-your-devto-posts-2lp6 | How to add code highlighting to your Dev.to posts. - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Hendrik Posted on Sep 10, 2018 How to add code highlighting to your Dev.to posts. # explainlikeimfive # postwriting # markdown # codeception The simple truth of the matter is that: const turorialFunction = ( name ) => { console . log ( `Hello ${ name } ` ) } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode does look way nicer than: const turorialFunction = (name) => { console.log(`Hello ${name}`) } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode when writing a post here on Dev.to. How to do it Dev.tos posts are based on Markdown. Within Markdown we can use identation or so called Code Blocks to specify sections of code. The later ones are indicated using ``` . Read more about this in this cheatsheet . Using the three ` variant we can also specify a language for the code block. A lot of tooling build on top of Markdown utilized this characteristic to implement richer features. But the simplest of them is code highlighting. The above nicely colored code snippet is achieved by starting the code block with ```javascript . The full example for the above would be: ```javascript const turorialFunction = (name) => { console.log(`Hello ${name}`) } ``` And if you are now wondering how the hell I got that to display: <pre> ```javascript const turorialFunction = (name) => { console.log(`Hello ${name}`) } ``` </pre> and the inline code is: <code>&#96;&#96;&#96;</code> . Here is where my explanations stop and your colorful posts start. The list of supported languages is impressive, though not all encompassing (check comments). Top comments (40) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Maxime Maxime Maxime Follow Gradient developer and accessibility advocate 🥑 Location Stockholm, Sweden Education Bachelor of arts 🤦♂️ Pronouns they/them Work UI engineer at Rebtel Joined Aug 3, 2018 • Jun 7 '19 • Edited on Jun 7 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Does anyone know if dev.to supports highlighting lines of code or combining the diff highlighter with a language highlighter? My use case is to draw attention to new or update lines of code when I write tutorials. Something like this: I know we can use diff but I can't find a way to combine that with code highlighting: function hello() { - alert("Hello!"); + alert("Hi!"); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 15 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lanae BK Lanae BK Lanae BK Follow I fix things by turning them off and on again, then try to figure out why they broke. Email lanae.bk@gmail.com Location Mystic, CT Education Eastern Connecticut State University Work Architecture Advisor Joined Apr 30, 2019 • Mar 25 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am also trying to figure out how to do this - did you ever find an answer? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Maxime Maxime Maxime Follow Gradient developer and accessibility advocate 🥑 Location Stockholm, Sweden Education Bachelor of arts 🤦♂️ Pronouns they/them Work UI engineer at Rebtel Joined Aug 3, 2018 • Mar 27 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I didn't ☹️ Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand rhymes rhymes rhymes Follow Such software as dreams are made on. I mostly rant about performance, unnecessary complexity, privacy and data collection. Joined Feb 2, 2017 • Sep 10 '18 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I did a quick search in the code: dev.to uses the Redcarpet Ruby library to parse Markdown with rouge which does the highlighting part. The list of lexers is impressive: Dart: void main ( ) { print ( 'Hello, World!' ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Julia: println ( "hello world" ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode No Cobol though :D You can find the code in devto here and here and here Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kishor Jena Kishor Jena Kishor Jena Follow Joined Jun 12, 2022 • Jun 12 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Can you tell me the name of the theme for JS. I hope this available in vscode. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Max Cerrina Max Cerrina Max Cerrina Follow Email mrcerrina@gmail.com Joined Aug 23, 2017 • Sep 11 '18 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Also shoutout for the "how I got this to display" part because I sure WAS wondering how you got the literal ```javascript to display Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand rhymes rhymes rhymes Follow Such software as dreams are made on. I mostly rant about performance, unnecessary complexity, privacy and data collection. Joined Feb 2, 2017 • Sep 11 '18 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide yeah, that's great, I would have used screenshots :D Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hendrik Hendrik Hendrik Follow JavaScript enthusiast and developer for fun 👨💻 Location Hamburg Joined Jul 10, 2018 • Sep 11 '18 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Glad that part is helping 😁 Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hendrik Hendrik Hendrik Follow JavaScript enthusiast and developer for fun 👨💻 Location Hamburg Joined Jul 10, 2018 • Sep 10 '18 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Ahh interesting aspect. I will make sure to mention that above. Haven't looked into the fundamentals of dev.to but I guess they are using a code highlighter somewhere and are only including a limited amount of plugins, as in language support, to keep bundle size down. Maybe a good candidate for improvement 👍 Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Stevie G Stevie G Stevie G Follow I'm a passionate distinguished Computer Engineer Location NSW, Australia Joined May 17, 2019 • May 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks mate! Exactly what I was looking for! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anand Kumar Anand Kumar Anand Kumar Follow Experienced, Creative, ambitious and enterprising software engineer. I primarily focus on modern JavaScript, more specifically React, its ecosystem and Node.js. Location India Work Manager at Publicis Sapient Joined Jan 3, 2019 • May 5 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi @hendrik , Is there a way that I can change the background colour of the code block from black to white? Like theming or something? Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hendrik Hendrik Hendrik Follow JavaScript enthusiast and developer for fun 👨💻 Location Hamburg Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 5 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I don't think there is. The code highlight is basically a markdown feature and how it looks is defined by dev.to globally. But providing a theme to use for code blocks could be a cool feature for the Frontmatter, I agree. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Martinez Martinez Martinez Follow I building web apps with React / Next.js and Tailwind CSS and more. I'm a JavaScript enthusiast and I love doing design and UI. Joined Jan 31, 2023 • Feb 5 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You can try change the language function CSS { console.log(`this is a example whit the flag css`) } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode function Typescript { console . log ( `this is a example whit the flag typescript` ) } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode I say this in case someone thinks that javascript is the only language that works. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand erikest erikest erikest Follow I work with a full plate on a full stack, sometimes chewing more than I intended in one bite. Location Chico Work That Dev at Home Joined Apr 4, 2019 • Apr 9 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide shell and console don't seem to add much flavor. I was hoping at least for some #comment coloring... Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Miguel Ben Miguel Ben Miguel Ben Follow Computer Science & Coding Bootcamp Grad. Location Manhattan, NY Joined Aug 2, 2018 • Aug 2 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I remember someone made their hyperlink or a tag on the blog to be pink ish with yellow background. I've been trying to figure it out. Does anyone has idea how to do it? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Rakesh Reddy Peddamallu Rakesh Reddy Peddamallu Rakesh Reddy Peddamallu Follow I’m Rakesh from Juniper Networks, passionate about tech. Follow my blog for insights and tips from the tech world! Email rakeshreddypeddamallu05@gmail.com Location Bangalore Education RVCE Work Juniper Networks Joined Jun 25, 2023 • Aug 30 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide console . log ( " hello " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (40 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Hendrik Follow JavaScript enthusiast and developer for fun 👨💻 Location Hamburg Joined Jul 10, 2018 Trending on DEV Community Hot The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning Meme Monday # discuss # watercooler # jokes AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/miltivik/how-i-built-a-high-performance-social-api-with-bun-elysiajs-on-a-5-vps-handling-36k-reqsmin-5do4 | How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse nicomedina Posted on Jan 13 How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) # bunjs # api # javascript # programming The Goal I wanted to build a "Micro-Social" API—a backend service capable of handling Twitter-like feeds, follows, and likes—without breaking the bank. My constraints were simple: Budget:** $5 - $20 / month. Performance:** Sub-300ms latency. Scale:** Must handle concurrent load (stress testing). Most tutorials show you Hello World . This post shows you what happens when you actually hit Hello World with 25 concurrent users on a cheap VPS. (Spoiler: It crashes). Here is how I fixed it. ## The Stack 🛠️ I chose Bun over Node.js for its startup speed and built-in tooling. Runtime: Bun Framework: ElysiaJS (Fastest Bun framework) Database: PostgreSQL (via Dokploy) ORM: Drizzle (Lightweight & Type-safe) Hosting: VPS with Dokploy (Docker Compose) The "Oh Sh*t" Moment 🚨 I deployed my first version. It worked fine for me. Then I ran a load test using k6 to simulate 25 virtual users browsing various feeds. k6 run tests/stress-test.js Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Result: ✗ http_req_failed................: 86.44% ✗ status is 429..................: 86.44% The server wasn't crashing, but it was rejecting almost everyone. Diagnosis I initially blamed Traefik (the reverse proxy). But digging into the code, I found the culprit was me . // src/index.ts // OLD CONFIGURATION . use ( rateLimit ({ duration : 60 _000 , max : 100 // 💀 100 requests per minute... GLOBAL per IP? })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Since my stress test (and likely any future NATed corporate office) sent all requests from a single IP, I was essentially DDOSing myself. The Fixes 🔧 1. Tuning the Rate Limiter I bumped the limit to 2,500 req/min . This prevents abuse while allowing heavy legitimate traffic (or load balancers). // src/index.ts . use ( rateLimit ({ duration : 60 _000 , max : 2500 // Much better for standard reliable APIs })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Database Connection Pooling The default Postgres pool size is often small (e.g., 10 or 20). My VPS has 4GB RAM. PostgreSQL needs RAM for connections, but not that much. I bumped the pool to 80 connections . // src/db/index.ts const client = postgres ( process . env . DATABASE_URL , { max : 80 }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Horizontal Scaling with Docker Node/Bun is single-threaded. A single container uses 1 CPU core effectivey. My VPS has 2 vCPUs. I added a replicas instruction to my docker-compose.dokploy.yml : api : build : . restart : always deploy : replicas : 2 # One for each core! Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This instantly doubled my throughput capacity. Traefik automatically load-balances between the two containers. The Final Result 🟢 Ran k6 again: ✓ checks_succeeded...: 100.00% ✓ http_req_duration..: p(95)=200.45ms ✓ http_req_failed....: 0.00% (excluding auth checks) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 0 errors. 200ms latency. On a cheap VPS. Takeaway You don't need Kubernetes for a side project. You just need to understand where your bottlenecks are: Application Layer: Check your Rate Limits. Database Layer: Check your Connection Pool. Hardware: Use all your cores (Replicas). If you want to try the API, I published it on RapidAPI as Micro-Social API . https://rapidapi.com/ismamed4/api/micro-social Happy coding! 🚀 Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Curious about what makes apps succeed (or fail). Sharing lessons from real-world performance stories. Pronouns She/Her Joined Jun 24, 2025 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great article! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse nicomedina Follow Hello im a Uruguayan Developer and im a person who always want to search, learn, and adapt new habit or skills in me. Location Uruguay Education UTEC Pronouns He/His Joined Jan 11, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev 🧗♂️Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Max Dot Product of Two Subsequences' – LeetCode 1458 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/hereisnaman/logical-or-vs-nullish-coalescing-operator-in-javascript-3851 | JavaScript ||: Logical OR (||) vs Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) in JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Naman Kumar Posted on Apr 22, 2020 JavaScript || Logical OR (||) vs Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) in JavaScript # node # javascript # opensourc With the latest release of version 14, the Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) is now supported in NodeJS. In this post let us see what is the use case of this operator and how is it different from the logical OR. Logical Or (||) const paginate = ( options = {}) => { return [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. splice ( 0 , options . limit || 3 ); } paginate ( 1 ); // expected: [1], output: [1] paginate (); // expected: [1, 2, 3], output: [1, 2, 3] paginate ( 0 ); // expected: [], output: [1, 2, 3] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode How the logical or operator functions is, it returns the right hand value if the left hand value coerce to false. And that not only includes undefined and null but also 0 and '' . In many of our use cases, like the one above this causes unexpected results and we end up using the typeof operator. Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) This solves the problem for us. This operators returns the right hand value only if the left hand value is either null or undefined . const paginate = ( options = {}) => { return [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. splice ( 0 , options . limit ?? 3 ); } paginate ( 1 ); // expected: [1], output: [1] paginate (); // expected: [1, 2, 3], output: [1, 2, 3] paginate ( 0 ); // expected: [], output: [] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Share your quick JavaScript bites in comments. Top comments (4) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand hrdyjan1 hrdyjan1 hrdyjan1 Follow Vegetarian with long feet, who is in love with Marie and React. TL; DR Marie = Girlfriend React = JavaScript Library Location The Czech Republic Education Czech Technical University Work Bachelor at Prague, Front End developer Joined Sep 4, 2019 • Jan 13 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide There should be probably "limit" only, no "options/options.limit". Like comment: Like comment: 9 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Patrick Alcisto Patrick Alcisto Patrick Alcisto Follow Author of CSS, hacker of JS, rider of Mountain Bikes (downhill type preferably), "father" of two dogs Location Charlotte, NC Work Software Engineer Joined May 2, 2019 • Feb 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice article but, @ hrdyjan1 is right, your example implies it expects an object with a possible limit property, yet you never pass the limit as part of an object in the three invocations. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand TonyDev 👾 TonyDev 👾 TonyDev 👾 Follow Location Spain Work One of MAANG Joined Nov 17, 2019 • Jun 30 '24 • Edited on Jun 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide options.limit is always undefined All cases return [1, 2, 3] Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aniruddha Das Aniruddha Das Aniruddha Das Follow Joined Apr 8, 2023 • Apr 21 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks, clears the basic concept. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Naman Kumar Follow Engineering @ProductHunt Location New Delhi, India Work Software Engineer at Product Hunt Joined Sep 7, 2019 More from Naman Kumar A minimal authorization policy builder for NodeJs # npm # node # javascript # authorization 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://ismaeldesign.framer.website/ | Ismael Medina Hello, I’m Ismael Delighted to have you explore my portfolio I craft standout designs for early-stage ventures. Hello, I’m Ismael Delighted to have you explore my portfolio I craft standout designs for early-stage ventures. Hello, I’m Ismael Delighted to have you explore my portfolio I craft standout designs for early-stage ventures. Book a short call Book a short call Featured Projects ');opacity:0.5"> Revitalizing Customer Engagement for Storeit Featured Projects Revitalizing Customer Engagement for Storeit Featured Projects Revitalizing Customer Engagement for Storeit Designer. Builder. Lifelong learner. Hey! I’m Ismael — a designer and full-stack developer passionate about building thoughtful digital experiences. I started out in visual arts, but over time my path naturally expanded into product design, front-end, and back-end development. These days, I collaborate with teams across different industries, designing and coding everything from responsive websites to complex web apps. I work a lot with frameworks like Next.js, React, and Node.js, bridging design and development to create seamless user experiences. When I'm not deep into Figma or VSCode, you’ll probably catch me diving into fashion trends, reading about history, or reimagining interior spaces. And yep — side projects are still my thing, even if a few end up resting peacefully in my project graveyard 🥀. SKILLS Web Design Web Design Web Design Figma Figma Figma Next JS Next JS Next JS React React React Back End Back End Back End Front end Front end Front end Experience StoreIt Lead designer 2022-2024 StoreIt Lead designer 2022-2024 StoreIt Lead designer 2022-2024 My stack Framer Web design Framer Web design Framer Web design Next JS Framework Next JS Framework Next JS Framework N8N AI Automation N8N AI Automation N8N AI Automation Notion Planning Notion Planning Notion Planning Tailwind CSS framework Tailwind CSS framework Tailwind CSS framework Ikigai Communication Ikigai Communication Ikigai Communication Zen Browser Zen Browser Zen Browser Have a project idea in mind? Let’s chat about how we can bring it to life! Book a short call Back to top Have a project idea in mind? Let’s chat about how we can bring it to life! Book a short call Back to top Have a project idea in mind? Let’s chat about how we can bring it to life! Book a short call Back to top Montevideo,Uruguay 🇺🇾 2:49 PM Resume Linkedin Email Me Montevideo,Uruguay 🇺🇾 2:49 PM Create a free website with Framer, the website builder loved by startups, designers and agencies. | 2026-01-13T08:48:48 |
https://dev.to/datalaria/weather-service-project-part-2-building-the-interactive-frontend-with-github-pages-or-netlify-ho1 | Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Daniel for Datalaria Posted on Jan 13 • Originally published at datalaria.com Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript # javascript # webdev # tutorial # frontend In the first part of this series , we laid the groundwork for our global weather service. We built a Python script to fetch weather data from OpenWeatherMap, efficiently stored it in city-specific CSV files, and automated the entire collection process using GitHub Actions. Our "robot" is diligently gathering data 24/7. But what good is data if you can't see it? Today, we shift our focus to the frontend : building an interactive, user-friendly dashboard that allows anyone to explore the weather data we've collected. We'll leverage the power of static site hosting with GitHub Pages or Netlify , use "vanilla" JavaScript to bring it to life, and rely on some excellent libraries for data handling and visualization. Let's make our data shine! Free Web Hosting: GitHub Pages vs. Netlify The first hurdle for any web project is hosting. Traditional servers can be costly and complex to manage. Following our "serverless and free" philosophy, both GitHub Pages and Netlify are perfect solutions for hosting static websites directly from your GitHub repository. Option 1: GitHub Pages GitHub Pages allows you to host static websites directly from your GitHub repository. Activation is trivial: Go to Settings > Pages in your repository. Select your main branch (or the branch containing your web content) as the source. Choose the /root folder (or a /docs folder if you prefer) as the location of your web files. Click Save . And just like that, your index.html file (and any linked assets) becomes publicly accessible at a URL like https://your-username.github.io/your-repository-name/ . Simple, effective, and free! 🚀 Option 2: Netlify (the final choice for this project!) For this project, I ultimately opted for Netlify due to its flexibility, ease of managing custom domains, and integrated continuous deployment. It also allows me to host the project directly under my Datalaria domain ( https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ ). Steps to deploy on Netlify: Connect Your Repository : Log in to Netlify. Click "Add new site" then "Import an existing project". Connect your GitHub account and select your Weather Service project repository. Deployment Configuration : Owner : Your GitHub account. Branch to deploy : main (or the branch where your frontend code resides). Base directory : Leave this empty if your index.html and assets are in the root of the repository, or specify a subfolder if applicable (e.g., /frontend ). Build command : Leave it empty, as our frontend is purely static with no build step required (no frameworks like React/Vue). Publish directory : . (or the subfolder containing your static files, e.g., /frontend ). Deploy Site : Click "Deploy site". Netlify will fetch your repository, deploy it, and provide you with a random URL. Custom Domain (Optional but recommended) : To use a domain like datalaria.com/apps/weather/ : Go to Site settings > Domain management > Domains > Add a custom domain . Follow the steps to add your domain and configure it with your provider's DNS (by adding CNAME or A records). For the specific path ( /apps/weather/ ), you would typically configure a "subfolder" or "base URL" within your application if it's not directly at the root of the domain. In this case, our index.html is designed to be served from a subpath. Netlify handles this transparently once the site is deployed and your domain is configured. It's that simple! Each git push to your configured branch will trigger a new deployment on Netlify, keeping your dashboard always up-to-date. The Frontend Tech Stack: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript (with a little help) For this dashboard, I opted for a lightweight approach: plain HTML for structure, a bit of CSS for styling, and "vanilla" JavaScript (without complex frameworks) for interactivity. To handle specific tasks, I incorporated two fantastic libraries: PapaParse.js : The fastest in-browser CSV parser for JavaScript. It's the bridge between our raw CSV files and the JavaScript data structures we need for visualization. Chart.js : A powerful and flexible JavaScript charting library that makes creating beautiful, responsive, and interactive charts incredibly easy. The Dashboard Logic: Bringing Data to Life in index.html Our index.html acts as the main canvas, orchestrating the fetching, parsing, and rendering of weather data. 1. Dynamic City Loading In stead of hardcoding a list of cities, we want our dashboard to automatically update if we add new cities in the backend. We achieve this by fetching a simple ciudades.txt file (containing one city name per line) and dynamically populating a <select> dropdown element using JavaScript's fetch API. const citySelector = document . getElementById ( ' citySelector ' ); let myChart = null ; // Global variable to store the Chart.js instance async function loadCityList () { try { const response = await fetch ( ' ciudades.txt ' ); const text = await response . text (); // Filter out empty lines from the text file const cities = text . split ( ' \n ' ). filter ( line => line . trim () !== '' ); cities . forEach ( city => { const option = document . createElement ( ' option ' ); option . value = city ; option . textContent = city ; citySelector . appendChild ( option ); }); // Load the first city by default when the page initializes if ( cities . length > 0 ) { loadAndDrawData ( cities [ 0 ]); } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error loading city list: ' , error ); // Optional: Display a user-friendly error message } } // Trigger city loading when the DOM is fully loaded document . addEventListener ( ' DOMContentLoaded ' , loadCityList ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Reacting to User Selection When a user selects a city from the dropdown, we need to respond immediately. An addEventListener on the <select> element detects the change event and calls our main function to fetch and draw the data for the newly selected city. citySelector . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { const selectedCity = event . target . value ; loadAndDrawData ( selectedCity ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Fetching, Parsing, and Drawing Data This is the central function where everything comes to life. It is responsible for: Constructing the URL for the specific city's CSV file (e.g., data/Leon.csv ). Using Papa.parse to download and process the CSV content directly in the browser. PapaParse handles asynchronous fetching and parsing, making it incredibly easy. Extracting relevant labels (dates) and data (temperatures) from the parsed CSV for Chart.js. Crucial! : Before drawing a new chart, we must destroy the previous Chart.js instance ( if (myChart) { myChart.destroy(); } ). Forgetting this step leads to overlapping charts and performance issues! 💥 Creating a new Chart() instance with the updated data. Additionally, it calls a function to load and display the AI prediction for that city, seamlessly integrating it into the dashboard. function loadAndDrawData ( city ) { const csvUrl = `datos/ ${ city } .csv` ; // Note the 'datos/' folder from Part 1 const ctx = document . getElementById ( ' weatherChart ' ). getContext ( ' 2d ' ); Papa . parse ( csvUrl , { download : true , // Tells PapaParse to download the file header : true , // Treats the first row as headers skipEmptyLines : true , complete : function ( results ) { const weatherData = results . data ; // Extract labels (dates) and data (temperatures) const labels = weatherData . map ( row => row . fecha_hora . split ( ' ' )[ 0 ]); // Extract only the date const maxTemp = weatherData . map ( row => parseFloat ( row . temp_max_c )); const minTemp = weatherData . map ( row => parseFloat ( row . temp_min_c )); // Destroy the previous chart instance if it exists to prevent overlaps if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Create a new Chart.js instance myChart = new Chart ( ctx , { type : ' line ' , data : { labels : labels , datasets : [{ label : `Max Temp (°C) - ${ city } ` , data : maxTemp , borderColor : ' rgb(255, 99, 132) ' , tension : 0.1 }, { label : `Min Temp (°C) - ${ city } ` , data : minTemp , borderColor : ' rgb(54, 162, 235) ' , tension : 0.1 }] }, options : { // Chart options for responsiveness, title, etc. responsive : true , maintainAspectRatio : false , scales : { y : { beginAtZero : false } }, plugins : { legend : { position : ' top ' }, title : { display : true , text : `Historical Weather Data for ${ city } ` } } } }); // Load and display AI prediction loadPrediction ( city ); }, error : function ( err , file ) { console . error ( " Error parsing CSV: " , err , file ); // Optional: display a user-friendly error message on the dashboard if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Clear chart if loading fails } }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Displaying AI Predictions The integration of AI predictions (which we'll delve into in Part 3) is also managed from the frontend. The backend generates a predicciones.json file, and our JavaScript simply fetches this JSON, finds the prediction for the selected city, and displays it. async function loadPrediction ( city ) { const predictionElement = document . getElementById ( ' prediction ' ); try { const response = await fetch ( ' predicciones.json ' ); const predictions = await response . json (); if ( predictions && predictions [ city ]) { predictionElement . textContent = `Max Temp. Prediction for tomorrow: ${ predictions [ city ]. toFixed ( 1 )} °C` ; } else { predictionElement . textContent = ' Prediction not available. ' ; } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error loading predictions: ' , error ); predictionElement . textContent = ' Error loading prediction. ' ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusion (Part 2) We've transformed raw data into an engaging and interactive experience! By combining static hosting from GitHub Pages or Netlify, "vanilla" JavaScript for logic, PapaParse.js for CSV handling, and Chart.js for beautiful visualizations, we've built a powerful frontend that is both free and highly effective. The dashboard now provides immediate insight into the historical weather patterns of any selected city. But what about the future? In the third and final part of this series , we'll delve into the exciting world of Machine Learning to add a predictive layer to our service. We'll explore how to use historical data to forecast tomorrow's weather, turning our service into a true weather "oracle." Stay tuned! References and Links of Interest: Complete Web Service : You can see the final project in action here: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Project GitHub Repository : Explore the source code and project structure in my repository: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather PapaParse.js : Fast in-browser CSV parser for JavaScript: https://www.papaparse.com/ Chart.js : Simple, yet flexible JavaScript charting for designers & developers: https://www.chartjs.org/ GitHub Pages : Official documentation on how to host your sites: https://docs.github.com/en/pages Netlify : Official Netlify website: https://www.netlify.com/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Datalaria Follow More from Datalaria Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # automation # python # tutorial Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 1): Construyendo el Recolector de Datos con Python y GitHub Actions o Netlify # dataengineering # python # spanish # tutorial Building Datalaria: Technologies and Tools # showdev # github # tooling # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.python.org/doc/av | Audio/Video Instructional Materials for Python | Python.org Notice: While JavaScript is not essential for this website, your interaction with the content will be limited. Please turn JavaScript on for the full experience. Skip to content ▼ Close Python PSF Docs PyPI Jobs Community ▲ The Python Network Donate ≡ Menu Search This Site GO A A Smaller Larger Reset Socialize LinkedIn Mastodon Chat on IRC Twitter About Applications Quotes Getting Started Help Python Brochure Downloads All releases Source code Windows macOS Android Other Platforms License Alternative Implementations Documentation Docs Audio/Visual Talks Beginner's Guide FAQ Non-English Docs PEP Index Python Books Python Essays Community Diversity Mailing Lists IRC Forums PSF Annual Impact Report Python Conferences Special Interest Groups Python Logo Python Wiki Code of Conduct Community Awards Get Involved Shared Stories Success Stories Arts Business Education Engineering Government Scientific Software Development News Python News PSF Newsletter PSF News PyCon US News News from the Community Events Python Events User Group Events Python Events Archive User Group Events Archive Submit an Event Audio/Video Instructional Materials for Python There is a growing body of podcasts, screencasts and video presentations for the Python community. This page collects some of the best. Podcast Repositories core.py Pablo Galindo and Łukasz Langa talk about Python internals, because they work on Python internals. PyPodcats Hidden Figures of Python podcast series. Our goal is to highlight the contributions and accomplishments of the underrepresented group members in the Python community. Talk Python To Me A podcast on Python and related technologies. The Real Python Podcast Hear what’s new in the world of Python programming and become a more effective Pythonista. Python Bytes Python headlines delivered directly to your earbuds. Python People A podcast about getting to know the people who help make the Python community great. Django Chat A podcast on the Django Web Framework by Will Vincent and Carlton Gibson. Pybites Podcast A podcast about Python development, career and mindset skills. Sad Python Girls Club Refreshing insights of the VS Code Python team, with authentic perspectives on the Python ecosystem and how VS Code fits in it. Inactive Podcast Repositories Test and Code Practical automated testing for software engineers using Python. Python Community News A look at the news around and impacting the Python Community. Podcast.__init__ A podcast about Python and the people who make it great. Radio Free Python A podcast of Python news and interviews by Larry Hastings. From Python import podcast From Python Import Podcast is a bimonthly podcast dedicated to sharing thoughts, opinions, rants, and intelligent discussion about all things Python. A Little Bit of Python An occasional podcast on Python by Michael Foord , Steve Holden , Andrew Kuchling , Dr. Brett Cannon and Jesse Noller . Python411 Python411 is a series of podcasts about Python presented by Ron Stephens, aimed at hobbyists and others who are learning Python. Each episode focuses on one aspect of learning Python, or one kind of Python programming, and points to online tools and tutorials. Python related news and events will also be reported upon as well as interviews with key Python contributors. Ron has built up quite a collection of podcasts since he started in May 2005 - over fifty as of April 2007. They are great for listening to on the train or in traffic. The site provides an XML/RSS feed to which you can subscribe with your favorite reader or make a live bookmark of dropdown podcast titles using Mozilla Firefox. Djangodose A podcast about all things Django, discussing new features in the development tree, how-tos, and listener questions. Jython Monthly Interviews and coverage of specific Jython-related events in a pseudo-live podcast fashion. PyCon Podcast The PyCon podcast carries recordings of talks from the PyCon conference . Hear the talks you missed! Conference Talk and Video Lecture Repositories pyvideo.org An index to many talk and session videos made available by Python conferences and user groups around the world. The site makes it very easy to find interesting Python talk videos and displays them in a clean and uncluttered way. PyCon US on YouTube Keynotes, talks and tutorials from PyCon US 2020 onwards. EuroPython on YouTube Keynotes, talks and tutorials from EuroPython 2011 onwards. PyCon US 08 on YouTube Raw video of talks from the 2008 conference are available on YouTube. Because they're the raw video, presentation slides have not been edited into the recording and no cleanup of the audio has been done. The PSF The Python Software Foundation is the organization behind Python. Become a member of the PSF and help advance the software and our mission. ▲ Back to Top About Applications Quotes Getting Started Help Python Brochure Downloads All releases Source code Windows macOS Android Other Platforms License Alternative Implementations Documentation Docs Audio/Visual Talks Beginner's Guide FAQ Non-English Docs PEP Index Python Books Python Essays Community Diversity Mailing Lists IRC Forums PSF Annual Impact Report Python Conferences Special Interest Groups Python Logo Python Wiki Code of Conduct Community Awards Get Involved Shared Stories Success Stories Arts Business Education Engineering Government Scientific Software Development News Python News PSF Newsletter PSF News PyCon US News News from the Community Events Python Events User Group Events Python Events Archive User Group Events Archive Submit an Event Contributing Developer's Guide Issue Tracker python-dev list Core Mentorship Report a Security Issue ▲ Back to Top Help & General Contact Diversity Initiatives Submit Website Bug Status Copyright ©2001-2026. 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https://dev.to/jwebsite-go/sinie-zielienoie-razviertyvaniie-na-eks-14e3 | Сине-зеленое развертывание на EKS - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Posted on Jan 9 Сине-зеленое развертывание на EKS # eks # aws # bluegreen # programming EKS = Управляемый Kubernetes от Amazon Web Services EKS предоставляет вам: Управляющая плоскость ** Kubernetes** (API-сервер, планировщик). AWS управляет этим за вас. Вам всё ещё необходимо: Рабочие узлы (EC2) → для запуска подов kubectl **→ для связи с кластером **YAML → для указания Kubernetes, что нужно запустить. Очень важная ментальная модель _`Your laptop (kubectl) | v EKS API Server (managed by AWS) | v Worker Nodes (EC2) → Pods → Containers`_ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Подключаться к узлам по SSH НИКОГДА нельзя. Шаг 1 — Создайте EKS вручную (через консоль AWS, без использования инструментов). 1. Откройте консоль AWS → EKS Выберите регион (например: us-east-1) Нажмите «Создать кластер» . 2. Конфигурация кластера Заполнять только: Имя * : bluegreen-demo * Версия Kubernetes : по умолчанию Роль кластерной службы * : Если AWS отображает её, выберите её. Если нет, нажмите * «Создать роль» (AWS создаст её автоматически). Нажмите Далее 3. Сетевое взаимодействие Использовать значения по умолчанию : VPC по умолчанию Как минимум 2 подсети Доступ к общедоступной конечной точке Нажмите « Создать ». ⏳ Дождитесь активации В этот момент: Kubernetes существует НО пока ничего не может бежать Шаг 2 — Создание рабочих узлов (ЭТО создаст EC2) Зачем нам это нужно Kubernetes размещает поды на узлах . Нет узлов = нет подов. Создать группу узлов Внутри вашего кластера: Перейдите в раздел «Вычисления» → «Добавить группу узлов». Наполнять: Имя: bg-nodes Роль IAM: создать/выбрать роль работника по умолчанию Настройки узла: Тип экземпляра:t3.medium Желательно: 2 Мин.: 2 Макс.: 3 Создать группу узлов → дождаться активации Теперь EC2 существует автоматически. Шаг 3 — Подключите kubectl (так работает DevOps) С вашего ноутбука: aws eks update-kubeconfig \ --region us-east-1 \ --name bluegreen-demo Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Проверять: kubectl get nodes Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Если вы видите узлы → значит, вы соединены. Впредь: Консоль AWS практически неактуальна. Всё делается с помощью kubectl Почему существуют стратегии развертывания (ОЧЕНЬ ВАЖНО) До Kubernetes (старый мир) Остановить приложение Развернуть новую версию Запустите приложение снова. Пользователи видят время простоя Откат происходит медленно. Проблемы, с которыми сталкивался DevOps Простои во время развертывания Пользователи получают ошибки Быстрый откат недоступен. Страх перед развертыванием войск Проблема с Kubernetes решена: - Капсулы - Услуги - Самоисцеление Однако стратегия развертывания определяет, как будет перемещаться трафик. Именно поэтому * существуют стратегии развертывания * . Что такое сине-зеленая стратегия (в простом виде)? Сине-зеленый = две версии, работающие одновременно. Синий → текущее производство Зеленый → новая версия, протестирована Транспортный поток резко меняет направление движения. Отсутствие частичного трафика. Отсутствие замедления развертывания. Почему сине-зеленый цвет используется в DevOps Преимущества Отсутствие простоев Мгновенный откат Безопасные релизы Легко понять Предсказуемое поведение Когда DevOps выбирает сине-зеленый подход Критические приложения API Финансовые системы Внутренние платформы Когда неудача обходится дорого Как работает принцип «сине-зеленого» взаимодействия в Kubernetes (простая истина) Kubernetes уже предоставляет нам такой инструмент: 👉 Сервис Решение принимает служба: «Какие модули посещают пользователи?» Сине-зеленый = * изменить селектор услуги * Вот и все. Внедрение сине-зеленого подхода (с нуля) 1️⃣ Развертывание Blue (версия 1 – в рабочем режиме) apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: app-blue spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: demo color: blue template: metadata: labels: app: demo color: blue spec: containers: - name: app image: hashicorp/http-echo:0.2.3 args: ["-text=BLUE v1"] ports: - containerPort: 5678 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2️⃣ Экологичное развертывание (версия 2 – не запущена) apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: app-green spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: demo color: green template: metadata: labels: app: demo color: green spec: containers: - name: app image: hashicorp/http-echo:0.2.3 args: ["-text=GREEN v2"] ports: - containerPort: 5678 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3️⃣ Сервис (производственный трафик) apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: prod-svc spec: selector: app: demo color: blue # LIVE VERSION ports: - port: 80 targetPort: 5678 Это переключатель управления . Разверните всё kubectl apply -f blue.yaml kubectl apply -f green.yaml kubectl apply -f service.yaml Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Трафик → СИНИЙ Само развертывание (синий → зеленый) Измените одну строку: color: green Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Подайте заявку снова: kubectl apply -f service.yaml Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Транспортный поток мгновенно переключается. Перезагрузка Pod не требуется. Простой отсутствует. Откат (безопасность DevOps) Вернитесь назад: color: blue Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Применить → откат завершен. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Follow DevOps Engineer. AWS, Terraform, Docker and CI/CD. Building real projects and sharing my DevOps journey. Location United States Work DevOps Engineer Joined Dec 20, 2025 More from Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Readiness probe # aws # kubernetes # beginners # devops Kubernetes #1 # kubernetes # nginx # docker # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/datalaria/proyecto-weather-service-parte-2-construyendo-el-frontend-interactivo-con-github-pages-o-netlify-3oc0#comments | Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Daniel for Datalaria Posted on Jan 13 • Originally published at datalaria.com Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript # frontend # javascript # spanish # tutorial En la primera parte de esta serie , sentamos las bases de nuestro servicio meteorológico global. Construimos un script de Python para obtener datos del clima de OpenWeatherMap, los almacenamos eficientemente en ficheros CSV separados por ciudad y automatizamos todo el proceso de recolección utilizando GitHub Actions. Nuestro "robot" está diligentemente recopilando datos 24/7. Pero, ¿de qué sirven los datos si no puedes verlos? Hoy, cambiamos nuestro enfoque al frontend : la construcción de un dashboard interactivo y fácil de usar que permita a cualquiera explorar los datos meteorológicos que hemos recopilado. Aprovecharemos el poder del alojamiento de sitios estáticos con GitHub Pages o Netlify , utilizaremos JavaScript "vainilla" para darle vida y nos apoyaremos en algunas excelentes librerías para el manejo y la visualización de datos. ¡Hagamos que nuestros datos brillen! Alojamiento Web Gratuito: GitHub Pages vs. Netlify El primer obstáculo para cualquier proyecto web es el alojamiento. Los servidores tradicionales pueden ser costosos y complejos de gestionar. Siguiendo nuestra filosofía "serverless y gratis", tanto GitHub Pages como Netlify son soluciones perfectas para alojar sitios web estáticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. Opción 1: GitHub Pages Permite alojar sitios web estáticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. La activación es trivial: Ve a Settings > Pages en tu repositorio. Selecciona tu rama main (o la rama que contenga tu contenido web) como fuente. Elige la carpeta /root (o una carpeta /docs si lo prefieres) como la ubicación de tus archivos web. Haz clic en Save . Y así, tu archivo index.html (y cualquier recurso vinculado) se vuelve accesible públicamente en una URL como https://tu-usuario.github.io/tu-nombre-de-repositorio/ . ¡Sencillo, efectivo y gratuito! 🚀 Opción 2: Netlify (¡la elección final para este proyecto!) Para este proyecto, finalmente he optado por Netlify por su flexibilidad, la facilidad para gestionar dominios personalizados y su integración con el despliegue continuo. Además, me permite alojar el proyecto directamente bajo mi dominio de Datalaria ( https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ ). Pasos para desplegar en Netlify: Conectar tu Repositorio : Inicia sesión en Netlify. Haz clic en "Add new site" y luego en "Import an existing project". Conecta tu cuenta de GitHub y selecciona el repositorio de tu proyecto Weather Service. Configuración de Despliegue : Owner : Tu cuenta de GitHub. Branch to deploy : main (o la rama donde tengas tu código frontend). Base directory : Deja esto vacío si tu index.html y assets están en la raíz del repositorio, o especifica una subcarpeta si es el caso (ej., /frontend ). Build command : Déjalo vacío, ya que nuestro frontend es puramente estático sin necesidad de un paso de build (sin frameworks como React/Vue). Publish directory : . (o la subcarpeta que contenga tus archivos estáticos, ej., /frontend ). Desplegar Sitio : Haz clic en "Deploy site". Netlify tomará tu repositorio, lo desplegará y te proporcionará una URL aleatoria. Dominio Personalizado (Opcional pero recomendado) : Para usar un dominio como datalaria.com/apps/weather/ : Ve a Site settings > Domain management > Domains > Add a custom domain . Sigue los pasos para añadir tu dominio y configurarlo con los DNS de tu proveedor (añadiendo registros CNAME o A ). Para la ruta específica ( /apps/weather/ ), necesitarás configurar una "subcarpeta" o "base URL" en tu aplicación si no está directamente en la raíz del dominio. En este caso, nuestro index.html está diseñado para ser servido desde una subruta. Netlify gestiona esto de forma transparente una vez que el sitio está desplegado y tu dominio configurado. ¡Así de sencillo! Cada git push a tu rama configurada activará un nuevo despliegue en Netlify, manteniendo tu dashboard siempre actualizado. La Pila Tecnológica del Frontend: HTML, CSS y JavaScript (con una pequeña ayuda) Para este dashboard, opté por un enfoque ligero: HTML puro para la estructura, un poco de CSS para los estilos y JavaScript "vainilla" (sin frameworks complejos) para la interactividad. Para manejar tareas específicas, incorporé dos librerías fantásticas: PapaParse.js : El mejor parser de CSV del lado del cliente para el navegador. Es el puente entre nuestros archivos CSV en bruto y las estructuras de datos de JavaScript que necesitamos para la visualización. Chart.js : Una potente y flexible librería de gráficos JavaScript que facilita enormemente la creación de gráficos bonitos, responsivos e interactivos. La Lógica del Dashboard: Dando Vida a los Datos en index.html Nuestro index.html actúa como el lienzo principal, orquestando la obtención, el parseo y la representación de los datos meteorológicos. 1. Carga Dinámica de Ciudades En lugar de codificar una lista de ciudades, queremos que nuestro dashboard se actualice automáticamente si añadimos nuevas ciudades en el backend. Lo logramos obteniendo un simple archivo ciudades.txt (que contiene un nombre de ciudad por línea) y poblando dinámicamente un elemento desplegable <select> utilizando la API fetch de JavaScript. const citySelector = document . getElementById ( ' citySelector ' ); let myChart = null ; // Variable global para almacenar la instancia de Chart.js async function cargarListaCiudades () { try { const response = await fetch ( ' ciudades.txt ' ); const text = await response . text (); // Filtramos las líneas vacías del archivo de texto const ciudades = text . split ( ' \n ' ). filter ( line => line . trim () !== '' ); ciudades . forEach ( ciudad => { const option = document . createElement ( ' option ' ); option . value = ciudad ; option . textContent = ciudad ; citySelector . appendChild ( option ); }); // Cargamos la primera ciudad por defecto al inicio de la página if ( ciudades . length > 0 ) { cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudades [ 0 ]); } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando la lista de ciudades: ' , error ); // Opcional: Mostrar un mensaje de error amigable al usuario } } // Disparamos la carga de ciudades cuando el DOM esté completamente cargado document . addEventListener ( ' DOMContentLoaded ' , cargarListaCiudades ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Reacción a la Selección del Usuario Cuando un usuario selecciona una ciudad del desplegable, necesitamos responder de inmediato. Un addEventListener en el elemento <select> detecta el evento change y llama a nuestra función principal para obtener y dibujar los datos de la ciudad recién seleccionada. citySelector . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { const ciudadSeleccionada = event . target . value ; cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudadSeleccionada ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Obtención, Parseo y Dibujado de Datos Esta es la función central donde todo cobra vida. Es responsable de: Construir la URL para el archivo CSV específico de la ciudad (ej., datos/León.csv ). Utilizar Papa.parse para descargar y procesar el contenido del CSV directamente en el navegador. PapaParse maneja la obtención y el parseo asíncronos, lo que lo hace increíblemente fácil. Extraer las etiquetas (fechas) y los datos (temperaturas) relevantes del CSV parseado para Chart.js. ¡Crucial! : Antes de dibujar un nuevo gráfico, debemos destruir la instancia anterior de Chart.js ( if (myChart) { myChart.destroy(); } ). ¡Olvidar este paso lleva a gráficos superpuestos y problemas de rendimiento! 💥 Crear una nueva instancia de Chart() con los datos actualizados. Adicionalmente, llama a una función para cargar y mostrar la predicción de IA para esa ciudad, integrándola sin problemas en el dashboard. function cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudad ) { const csvUrl = `datos/ ${ ciudad } .csv` ; // Nota la carpeta 'datos/' de la Parte 1 const ctx = document . getElementById ( ' weatherChart ' ). getContext ( ' 2d ' ); Papa . parse ( csvUrl , { download : true , // Indica a PapaParse que descargue el archivo header : true , // Trata la primera fila como encabezados skipEmptyLines : true , complete : function ( results ) { const datosClimaticos = results . data ; // Extraer etiquetas (fechas) y datos (temperaturas) const etiquetas = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => fila . fecha_hora . split ( ' ' )[ 0 ]); // Extraer solo la fecha const tempMax = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_max_c )); const tempMin = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_min_c )); // Destruir la instancia de gráfico anterior si existe para evitar superposiciones if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Crear una nueva instancia de Chart.js myChart = new Chart ( ctx , { type : ' line ' , data : { labels : etiquetas , datasets : [{ label : `Temp Máx (°C) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMax , borderColor : ' rgb(255, 99, 132) ' , tension : 0.1 }, { label : `Temp Mín (°C) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMin , borderColor : ' rgb(54, 162, 235) ' , tension : 0.1 }] }, options : { // Opciones del gráfico para responsividad, título, etc. responsive : true , maintainAspectRatio : false , scales : { y : { beginAtZero : false } }, plugins : { legend : { position : ' top ' }, title : { display : true , text : `Datos Históricos del Clima para ${ ciudad } ` } } } }); // Cargar y mostrar la predicción de IA cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ); }, error : function ( err , file ) { console . error ( " Error al parsear el CSV: " , err , file ); // Opcional: mostrar un mensaje de error amigable en el dashboard if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Limpiar gráfico si falla la carga } }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Mostrar Predicciones de IA La integración de las predicciones de IA (en las que profundizaremos en la Parte 3) también se gestiona desde el frontend. El backend genera un archivo predicciones.json , y nuestro JavaScript simplemente obtiene este JSON, encuentra la predicción para la ciudad seleccionada y la muestra. async function cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ) { const predictionElement = document . getElementById ( ' prediction ' ); try { const response = await fetch ( ' predicciones.json ' ); const predicciones = await response . json (); if ( predicciones && predicciones [ ciudad ]) { predictionElement . textContent = `Predicción de Temp. Máx. para mañana: ${ predicciones [ ciudad ]. toFixed ( 1 )} °C` ; } else { predictionElement . textContent = ' Predicción no disponible. ' ; } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando predicciones: ' , error ); predictionElement . textContent = ' Error al cargar la predicción. ' ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusión (Parte 2) ¡Hemos transformado los datos en bruto en una experiencia atractiva e interactiva! Al combinar el alojamiento estático de GitHub Pages o Netlify, JavaScript "vainilla" para la lógica, PapaParse.js para el manejo de CSV y Chart.js para visualizaciones hermosas, hemos construido un frontend potente que es a la vez gratuito y muy efectivo. El dashboard ahora proporciona información inmediata sobre los patrones climáticos históricos de cualquier ciudad seleccionada. Pero, ¿qué pasa con el futuro? En la tercera y última parte de esta serie , nos adentraremos en el emocionante mundo del Machine Learning para añadir una capa predictiva a nuestro servicio. Exploraremos cómo usar datos históricos para pronosticar el tiempo de mañana, convirtiendo nuestro servicio en un verdadero "oráculo" meteorológico. ¡No te lo pierdas! Referencias y Enlaces de Interés: Servicio Web Completo : Puedes ver el resultado final de este proyecto en acción aquí: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Repositorio GitHub del Proyecto : Explora el código fuente y la estructura del proyecto en mi repositorio: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather PapaParse.js : Parser de CSV rápido en el navegador para JavaScript: https://www.papaparse.com/ Chart.js : Gráficos JavaScript simples pero flexibles para diseñadores y desarrolladores: https://www.chartjs.org/ GitHub Pages : Documentación oficial sobre cómo alojar tus sitios: https://docs.github.com/es/pages Netlify : Página oficial de Netlify: https://www.netlify.com/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Datalaria Follow More from Datalaria Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript # frontend # javascript # tutorial # webdev Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # automation # python # tutorial Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 1): Construyendo el Recolector de Datos con Python y GitHub Actions o Netlify # dataengineering # python # spanish # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://trueguard.io/knowledgebase/what-are-residential-proxies | What Are Residential Proxies? Architecture, Fraud & Detection Product Pricing Documentation Blog Sign In Try it free Try it free Technical Guide to Residential Proxies: Architecture and Mechanics 1. What is a Residential Proxy? At its core, a residential proxy is an intermediary server that uses an IP address provided by an Internet Service Provider (ISP), such as Verizon, AT&T, Comcast, or Vodafone, directly to a homeowner or subscriber. Unlike datacenter proxies , which are hosted on cloud servers (AWS, Google Cloud) and have IP addresses associated with data centers (identifiable by their ASN), residential proxies route traffic through physical devices—desktop computers, laptops, mobile phones, or IoT devices—located in real physical locations. Key Characteristics ASN (Autonomous System Number): The IP belongs to a consumer ISP, not a hosting company. Geo-Specificity: Because these are real homes, they allow for hyper-local targeting (Country > City > Zip Code). Legitimacy Signals: Requests originating from these IPs carry the same TCP/IP fingerprint and trust score as a normal human user browsing the web. 2. How the Architecture Works Residential proxies do not operate like traditional server-based proxies. They rely on a Back-connect Architecture and a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network . The Back-connect Gateway Users of residential proxies rarely connect directly to the specific residential IP. Instead, they connect to a Gateway Node provided by the proxy service. Entry: You send your request (e.g., curl google.com ) to the provider’s gateway (e.g., us.proxy-provider.com:8000 ). Rotation Logic: The gateway checks your configuration (geo-targeting, session duration). Tunneling: The gateway tunnels your request to an available residential device (a "Peer") currently online in the desired location. Exit: The request leaves the residential device, reaches the target website, and the response is routed back through the chain. The Peer Network The strength of a residential network lies in its pool of millions of devices. These devices are often sourced through ethical bandwidth-sharing SDKs. Users of specific apps may opt-in to share a portion of their idle bandwidth in exchange for premium app features or ad-free experiences. This creates a dynamic network where nodes (IPs) come online and go offline as real people turn their devices on and off. 3. Types of Residential Proxies Residential proxies are categorized based on how the IP address is allocated and how long it remains active. A. Rotating Residential Proxies This is the most common type. The gateway assigns a new IP address for every new connection request or after a short, undefined period. Mechanism: If you send 100 requests to a website, the gateway routes them through 100 different households. Use Case: High-volume data scraping where maintaining a persistent session is not required, but avoiding rate-limits is critical. B. Sticky Sessions (Time-based Rotation) In this configuration, the proxy provider attempts to keep the user on the same residential IP for a set duration (e.g., 10 minutes or 30 minutes). Mechanism: The gateway binds the user's port to a specific peer device. If the peer device goes offline (e.g., the homeowner turns off their PC), the session drops or is forcibly moved to a new IP. Use Case: Actions requiring a login session, such as navigating through multiple pages of a retailer to verify checkout flows. C. Static Residential (ISP Proxies) These are a hybrid. They use residential ASNs (consumer ISPs), but the IPs are hosted in a data center environment rather than on a user's home device. Mechanism: The provider leases IP blocks directly from ISPs but hosts them on servers. Benefit: You get the speed and stability of a datacenter proxy with the trust score of a residential IP. Drawback: They lack the vast diversity of a P2P network. 4. Legitimate Use Cases & Industry Utility Residential proxies are essential infrastructure for many modern data-driven industries. They solve the "Viewability" problem—seeing the web as a real local user sees it. A. Market Research and Price Monitoring E-commerce platforms display different prices based on user location, browsing history, and device type. The Application: Aggregators use residential proxies to scrape pricing data from competitors. By simulating real customers in New York, London, and Tokyo, businesses ensure they are getting accurate, unbiased pricing data rather than "bot-cloaked" data. B. Ad Verification Advertisers pay billions for ads to be shown to specific demographics. Bad actors often display these ads on invisible parts of a page or in the wrong countries. The Application: Ad tech companies use residential proxies to scan websites from specific residential locations (e.g., a residential IP in Berlin) to verify that their ads are appearing correctly and are compliant with local regulations. C. SEO Monitoring (SERP Tracking) Search engines (Google, Bing) tailor search results (SERPs) based heavily on the user's precise location. The Application: SEO agencies use residential proxies to check keyword rankings. A search for "best pizza" yields different results in Chicago vs. Miami. Residential proxies allow the agency to accurately track local rankings for their clients without being blocked for automated queries. D. Software Localization & Testing Developers must ensure their apps and websites function correctly for users in different regions. The Application: QA teams use residential proxies to verify that currency conversions, language translations, and geo-fenced content (like video streaming availability) trigger correctly for users in the target region. 5. The Malicious Application: Fraudulent Usages Despite their utility in legitimate data collection, the defining feature of residential proxies—high-trust, ISP-assigned IPs—makes them the foundational tool for sophisticated automated attacks. Fraudsters leverage the IP’s perceived legitimacy to bypass IP-based rate limiting, geo-fencing, and basic bot detection systems. A. Credential Stuffing and Account Takeover (ATO) This is one of the most common and damaging applications of residential proxy networks. The Mechanism: Attackers acquire massive lists of leaked username/password combinations ("combolists") from data breaches. They use automated bots to rapidly test these credentials against high-value targets (e-commerce, banking, streaming services). The Proxy Advantage: If an attacker attempts 10,000 logins from a single datacenter IP, the target server immediately flags and bans the source IP. By routing each login attempt through a different, rotating residential IP , the traffic appears to the security system as 10,000 individual users logging in from 10,000 different homes across the globe. This volume-based bypass is virtually impossible to detect without advanced behavioral analysis. B. Ad Fraud and Traffic Hijacking The goal is to illegally drain advertiser budgets by generating fake traffic that appears organic and premium. The Mechanism: Fraudulent publishers create automated scripts that simulate human browsing behavior: scrolling, mouse movements, and clicking on ads. They pipe this bot traffic through residential IPs located in high-value geographical markets (e.g., U.S. or U.K.). The Proxy Advantage: Advertisers pay a premium for impressions and clicks originating from these residential IP locations because they signify a real, desirable consumer. The residential proxy network allows criminals to generate millions of "premium" impressions and clicks that trick the ad network's verification and billing systems. C. Scalping and Inventory Hoarding When retailers release limited-edition, high-demand items (e.g., concert tickets, sneaker drops, electronics), they often implement strict controls, such as one item per IP address or per household. The Mechanism: Scalpers deploy automated buying bots ("scalper bots") connected to massive residential proxy pools. Before the item is released, the bot network secures thousands of unique residential IPs. The Proxy Advantage: The bot can simultaneously submit thousands of checkout requests, each using a distinct, legitimate-looking IP. The retailer’s system sees thousands of different "customers" and is overwhelmed, allowing the bots to acquire the entire inventory instantaneously before legitimate buyers can react. 6. Technical Comparison: Residential vs. Datacenter Feature Datacenter Proxies Residential Proxies IP Source Cloud Servers (AWS, Azure) Real Consumer Devices (ISPs) Anonymity Low (Easily identified as a server) High (Indistinguishable from users) Speed Extremely Fast Variable (Depends on peer's WiFi) Reliability 99.9% Uptime Variable (Peer may go offline) Cost Low High (Due to sourcing complexity) Block Rate High Low Summary Residential proxies represent the most sophisticated tier of web traffic routing, founded on genuine, ISP-assigned IP addresses. Unlike easily identifiable datacenter IPs, residential IPs gain their high trust score from being routed through dynamic, decentralized Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, making them appear as organic user traffic. This guide detailed the back-connect architecture, which manages the complex rotation and tunneling across millions of devices, and clarified the distinct types: fast-changing Rotating Proxies ideal for scale, and stable Static ISP Proxies essential for persistence. This inherent trust imbues residential proxies with a powerful duality. They are an indispensable tool for legitimate operations, enabling accurate global market research, rigorous ad verification, and precise SEO localization. However, this same attribute makes them the central infrastructure for modern automated fraud, allowing large-scale attacks like credential stuffing and inventory scalping to bypass traditional IP-based security defenses. For systems dedicated to defense, the takeaway is clear: residential proxy traffic cannot be countered by simple IP blacklisting. Effective protection requires advanced, real-time behavioral modeling and comprehensive device fingerprinting to differentiate a legitimate user from a malicious bot masking behind a trusted residential IP. Frequently Asked Questions What is the key difference between a Residential Proxy and a Datacenter Proxy? The key difference lies in the IP address owner. Datacenter proxies use IP addresses registered to commercial hosting providers (cloud servers) and are easily flagged. Residential proxies use IP addresses assigned by real Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to homeowners, making the traffic appear organic and much harder to detect or block. Are Residential Proxies legal to use for my business? How do proxy providers acquire millions of residential IP addresses? What is a 'Static Residential Proxy' or 'ISP Proxy'? Why are Residential Proxies significantly more expensive than Datacenter Proxies? Trueguard Basic is free. 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Right menu HA K8s cluster using Keepalived and HAProxy Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Follow Jan 9 HA K8s cluster using Keepalived and HAProxy # cluster # kubernetes # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Implementing Real-Time Audio Streaming in VAPI: What I Learned CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 9 Implementing Real-Time Audio Streaming in VAPI: What I Learned # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 13 min read Multimodal AI: Why Text-Only Models Are Already Dead! 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Any alternatives for image hosting? Darian Vance Darian Vance Darian Vance Follow Jan 9 Solved: Digital Ocean’s bandwidth pricing is criminal. Any alternatives for image hosting? # devops # programming # tutorial # cloud Comments Add Comment 8 min read In-place Modification Jayaprasanna Roddam Jayaprasanna Roddam Jayaprasanna Roddam Follow Jan 9 In-place Modification # programming # beginners # tutorial # datastructures Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Simple SNS Project] Step 3. Building the Follow System & Timeline (N:M Relationship) JongHwa JongHwa JongHwa Follow Jan 9 [Simple SNS Project] Step 3. Building the Follow System & Timeline (N:M Relationship) # backend # java # mysql # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read What is RAG? An innovative technique that is transforming language models. Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Follow Jan 9 What is RAG? An innovative technique that is transforming language models. # ai # rag # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read MLOps - Continuous Model Monitoring - Complete Tutorial Hemanath Kumar J Hemanath Kumar J Hemanath Kumar J Follow Jan 9 MLOps - Continuous Model Monitoring - Complete Tutorial # tutorial # mlops # modelmonitoring # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Zero Budget, High Impact: My First Step Becoming an AWS Community Builder lihaong lihaong lihaong Follow Jan 9 Zero Budget, High Impact: My First Step Becoming an AWS Community Builder # aws # awsbudget # tutorial # cloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read Two Pointers (Opposite Ends) Jayaprasanna Roddam Jayaprasanna Roddam Jayaprasanna Roddam Follow Jan 9 Two Pointers (Opposite Ends) # programming # beginners # tutorial # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read ToDoMate 📝: Build a Modern Tkinter To-Do List App in Python Mate Technologies Mate Technologies Mate Technologies Follow Jan 9 ToDoMate 📝: Build a Modern Tkinter To-Do List App in Python # python # tkinter # opensource # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read # Welcome to React World: Grasp the Fundamentals and Mental Model! (React Day 1) Vasu Ghanta Vasu Ghanta Vasu Ghanta Follow Jan 9 # Welcome to React World: Grasp the Fundamentals and Mental Model! (React Day 1) # beginners # javascript # react # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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Right menu Wallet-as-a-Service as an Infrastructure Layer for Digital Products Dan Keller Dan Keller Dan Keller Follow Jan 11 Wallet-as-a-Service as an Infrastructure Layer for Digital Products # news # development # architecture # learning 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Glaucoma Awareness Month Tatyana Bayramova, CPACC Tatyana Bayramova, CPACC Tatyana Bayramova, CPACC Follow Jan 11 Glaucoma Awareness Month # discuss # a11y # news 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read NVIDIA Unveils DLSS 4.5, G-SYNC Pulsar, and RTX Upgrades for Gaming and AI Toolsat CES 2026 Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Follow Jan 6 NVIDIA Unveils DLSS 4.5, G-SYNC Pulsar, and RTX Upgrades for Gaming and AI Toolsat CES 2026 # news # ai # deeplearning # gamedev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Decompiling the New C# 14 field Keyword Ivan Kahl Ivan Kahl Ivan Kahl Follow Jan 5 Decompiling the New C# 14 field Keyword # news # csharp # dotnet # programming Comments Add Comment 11 min read Web3 Wealth Creation by Geography: Where Millionaires of 2025 Are Emerging Emir Taner Emir Taner Emir Taner Follow Jan 5 Web3 Wealth Creation by Geography: Where Millionaires of 2025 Are Emerging # news # web3 # career # performance 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Moving from Hype to Reality: 8 Stories Shaping the Industry Right Now Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Follow Jan 5 AI Moving from Hype to Reality: 8 Stories Shaping the Industry Right Now # news # ai # technology # development Comments Add Comment 6 min read WebForms Core in NuGet Elanat Framework Elanat Framework Elanat Framework Follow Jan 4 WebForms Core in NuGet # news # dotnet # nuget # webformscore 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read OpenAI boosts audio AI development as it prepares to launch an audio-basedpersonal device Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Follow Jan 5 OpenAI boosts audio AI development as it prepares to launch an audio-basedpersonal device # news # ai # openai # product Comments Add Comment 2 min read Announcing globalGlob(**/*), the best thing to happen to developers since the Cathode Ray Tube globalGlob(**/*) Staff globalGlob(**/*) Staff globalGlob(**/*) Staff Follow for globalGlob(**/*) Jan 10 Announcing globalGlob(**/*), the best thing to happen to developers since the Cathode Ray Tube # news # announcement # satire Comments Add Comment 1 min read Your Weekly AI Coffee Break: 5 Stories Shaping AI in January 2026 Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Follow Jan 4 Your Weekly AI Coffee Break: 5 Stories Shaping AI in January 2026 # news # ai # machinelearning # technology Comments Add Comment 5 min read Question: Can a UAE Freezone company legally operate in other freezones or the mainland in 2026? Mandeep Singh Mandeep Singh Mandeep Singh Follow Jan 4 Question: Can a UAE Freezone company legally operate in other freezones or the mainland in 2026? # help # news # startup Comments Add Comment 2 min read Cloudflare vs Vercel vs Netlify: The Truth about Edge Performance 2026 DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Jan 2 Cloudflare vs Vercel vs Netlify: The Truth about Edge Performance 2026 # news Comments Add Comment 11 min read Game Dev Digest — Issue #312 - New Year, New Ways, and more Game Dev Digest - The Newsletter On Unity Game Dev Game Dev Digest - The Newsletter On Unity Game Dev Game Dev Digest - The Newsletter On Unity Game Dev Follow Jan 2 Game Dev Digest — Issue #312 - New Year, New Ways, and more # news # gamedev # unity3d # csharp Comments Add Comment 8 min read Designing High-Performance RTP Media Infrastructure at Massive Scale Ecosmob Technologies Ecosmob Technologies Ecosmob Technologies Follow Jan 2 Designing High-Performance RTP Media Infrastructure at Massive Scale # news # development # rtpmedia Comments Add Comment 4 min read AI Coding Tools Bias: Why Niche Frameworks are Dying in 2026 DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Jan 3 AI Coding Tools Bias: Why Niche Frameworks are Dying in 2026 # news # ai # agentic # automation Comments Add Comment 15 min read CES 2026: The Year AI Got Real Cyrus Tse Cyrus Tse Cyrus Tse Follow Jan 7 CES 2026: The Year AI Got Real # news # ai # iot Comments Add Comment 6 min read Node.js what’s happening here Vishal Thakkar Vishal Thakkar Vishal Thakkar Follow Jan 2 Node.js what’s happening here # news # node # product Comments Add Comment 1 min read Vitest vs Jest 30: Why 2026 is the Year of Browser-Native Testing DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Jan 2 Vitest vs Jest 30: Why 2026 is the Year of Browser-Native Testing # news # testing # javascript # codequality Comments Add Comment 7 min read Announcing NocoBase 2.0-beta NocoBase NocoBase NocoBase Follow Jan 1 Announcing NocoBase 2.0-beta # news # opensource # lowcode # nocode Comments Add Comment 17 min read CI/CD Deep Dive: Why Jenkins, GitLab, and CircleCI Still Rule in 2026 DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Jan 1 CI/CD Deep Dive: Why Jenkins, GitLab, and CircleCI Still Rule in 2026 # news # cicd # devops # automation Comments Add Comment 7 min read 🚀 AWS Introduces Regional NAT Gateway: Simplifying Outbound Connectivity Prithiviraj R Prithiviraj R Prithiviraj R Follow Dec 31 '25 🚀 AWS Introduces Regional NAT Gateway: Simplifying Outbound Connectivity # news # architecture # networking # aws Comments Add Comment 2 min read This Tiny Chip Could Turn Quantum From Lab Toy To Scalable Product Max aka Mosheh Max aka Mosheh Max aka Mosheh Follow Dec 31 '25 This Tiny Chip Could Turn Quantum From Lab Toy To Scalable Product # news # computerscience # product # science Comments Add Comment 1 min read Zod vs Yup vs TypeBox: The Ultimate Schema Validation Guide for 2025 DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 31 '25 Zod vs Yup vs TypeBox: The Ultimate Schema Validation Guide for 2025 # news # validation # typescript # data Comments Add Comment 8 min read Elanat Roadmap in 2026 Elanat Framework Elanat Framework Elanat Framework Follow Jan 1 Elanat Roadmap in 2026 # news # opensource # productivity # backend Comments Add Comment 3 min read Server and Domain Selection: Why It Matters at the Initial Level of Any Project Reet Reet Reet Follow Dec 31 '25 Server and Domain Selection: Why It Matters at the Initial Level of Any Project # discuss # microservices # news # startup Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/trishan_fernando/owl-js-01-why-odoo-created-owl-a-framework-built-for-modularity-3n99#comments | OWL JS 01 — Why Odoo Created OWL: A Framework Built for Modularity - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Trishan Fernando Posted on Mar 31, 2025 OWL JS 01 — Why Odoo Created OWL: A Framework Built for Modularity # odoo # owl # odooddevelopment # webdev In the JavaScript ecosystem filled with established frameworks like React and Vue, Odoo's decision to create their own framework—OWL (Odoo Web Library)—might seem counterintuitive. After all, why reinvent the wheel? This article explores the key reasons behind this strategic choice and highlights what makes OWL uniquely suited for Odoo's specific needs. The Core Challenge: Extreme Modularity At the heart of Odoo's decision lies one fundamental characteristic: Odoo is extremely modular . This means: Core components don't know beforehand what files will be loaded or executed The UI state is determined entirely at runtime Standard build toolchains aren't viable Odoo isn't just an application with a UI; it's an application that generates a dynamic UI This modularity creates unique requirements that most established frameworks aren't designed to address. Key Considerations Behind Creating OWL 1. Technical Independence Odoo needed to maintain control over their technology stack without depending on decisions made by large companies like Facebook (React) or Google. If these companies changed their licensing or technical direction, it could create significant problems for Odoo's specialized needs. 2. Class Components While modern frameworks are moving away from class components toward functional approaches, Odoo specifically benefits from class-based architecture: Inheritance provides an effective way to share code between generic components Each class method serves as an extension point for addons Components can be monkey-patched to add behavior from outside 3. JIT Template Compilation Odoo's dynamic nature requires just-in-time compilation: Templates are stored as XML in a database and customized via XPaths Templates need to be fetched and compiled at the last possible moment The system must be able to generate and compile templates at runtime 4. Minimal Tooling Requirements OWL is designed to work with minimal mandatory tooling: Templates are compiled by the browser using built-in XML parsers Components can be written with template strings The framework can be integrated with a simple <script> tag No complex build pipeline is required on production servers 5. XML-Based Templates Odoo stores templates as XML documents, allowing for powerful customization through XPaths. This feature is central to Odoo's modularity but isn't well-supported by other frameworks. 6. Simplified Developer Experience OWL prioritizes straightforward APIs: Uses familiar class-based components Features an explicit reactivity system Implements clear scoping rules Avoids unnecessary complexity 7. Optional Reactivity and Concurrency OWL offers: A reactive system that can be optionally disabled when not needed A powerful yet simple concurrent mode for managing asynchronous state changes Conclusion Creating OWL wasn't a decision Odoo made lightly. While established frameworks excel in their designed contexts, Odoo's unique requirements demanded something different. OWL represents a framework built specifically for extreme modularity, just-in-time compilation, and developer accessibility—making it the right tool for Odoo's specialized ecosystem. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Trishan Fernando Follow Junior Web Dev Education University of Moratuwa BSc Hons in Information Technology Work Junior Odoo Developer at Crede Technologies Joined Feb 12, 2025 More from Trishan Fernando Comet Browser : Perplexity’s Thinking Browser # ai # learning # webdev # productivity Adding Field Attributes to multiple fields at once in Odoo # odoo # python 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Report abuse Overview Repositories 17 Projects 0 Packages 0 Stars 102 More Overview Repositories Projects Packages Stars KarlGusta / README .md Hi there, I'm Esimit Karlgusta 👋 💻 Full-Stack Engineer | 🧠 AI/ML Developer | 🧠 Web3 Developer | 🌍 Open Source Contributor I'm a passionate software engineer focused on building real-world solutions that combine AI , Web3 , and modern cloud infrastructure . I’ve worked on everything from fintech apps to AI-powered platforms, DeFi projects, Bitcoin Lightning projects, and data-driven backend systems. 🔧 Tech Stack Frontend : React • Next.js • Tailwind CSS • DaisyUI Backend : Node.js • Express • FastAPI • PHP Database : MongoDB • MySQL • Firebase • Redis AI/ML : Hugging Face • OpenAI API DevOps & Cloud : Docker • Kubernetes • AWS • GitHub Actions • Vercel • Netlify • Render 🚀 Projects SassyPack - MERN SaaS Starter Kit A ready-to-use MERN starter kit with authentication, payments, landing page, and reusable UI components. 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https://dev.to/eachampagne/garbage-collection-43nk | Garbage Collection - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse eachampagne Posted on Nov 17, 2025 • Edited on Dec 6, 2025 Garbage Collection # computerscience # performance # programming It’s easy to forget, while working in the abstract in terms of functions and algorithms, that the memory our programs depend on is real . The values we use in our programs actually exist on the hardware at specific addresses. If we don’t keep track of where we’ve stored data, we run the risk of overwriting something important and getting the wrong information when we go to look it up again. On the other hand, if we’re too guarded about protecting our data, even after we’re finished with it, we waste memory that the program could better use on other tasks. Most programming languages today implement garbage collection to automate periodically releasing memory we no longer need. The garbage collector cannot predict exactly which values will be used again by our program, but it can find some that cannot due to no longer having any way to use them, and safely free them. Garbage Collection Algorithms Reference Counting The simplest algorithm is just to keep a count of references to a piece of memory. If the number of references ever reaches zero, that memory can no longer be reached and can be safely disposed of. However, this strategy fails with circular references. If two objects, for example, reference each other, their reference counts with never reach zero, even if they are otherwise inaccessible from the main program. Tracing Tracing (usually mark-and-sweep), is a more sophisticated approach to memory management. Starting from some defined root(s), the garbage collector visits every piece of memory accessible from either the root or its descendants, marking that memory as still reachable. Any memory not traversed is unreachable and is garbage collected. This avoids the problem of circular references “trapping” memory, since the cycle will not be reached from the main memory graph. However, this approach has more overhead than the reference counting strategy. Many garbage collectors reduce the overhead of mark-and-search by having two (or more) “generations” of allocations. The generational hypothesis states that most allocations die young (think how many variables you use once in a for loop and never again), but those that survive are much more likely to survive a long time. Thus, the pool of young allocations (the “nursery”) is garbage collected frequently, while the old (“tenured”) pool is checked less often. It’s possible to combine both strategies in a hybrid collector. For example, Python uses reference counting as its primary algorithm, then uses a mark-and-sweep pass over the (now smaller) pool of allocated memory to find and eliminate circular references. The Downsides of Garbage Collection Of course, the garbage collector itself introduces some overhead. Depending on the implementation, it may bring the program to a halt while it scans and frees data or defragments the remaining memory. It is also impossible to create a perfectly efficient garbage collector due to the inherent uncertainty in which values will be used again. Other Approaches to Memory Management There are alternatives to garbage collection. A few languages, such as C and C++, require the programmer to manage memory manually (although you can add garbage collectors to both languages yourself if you wish), both while allocating memory to new variables and when deciding when to free memory. Manual memory management avoids the overhead of garbage collection, but adds to program complexity, since this now must be handled by the code itself rather than happening in the background. This also gives the programmer many opportunities to make mistakes , from creating floating pointers by freeing too soon to leaking memory by freeing too late or not at all, to say nothing of the difficulty of using pointers themselves. Rust takes a third option and introduces the concept of “ ownership ” – only one variable can own a piece of data at a time, and that data is released as soon as its owner goes out of scope. This eliminates the need for garbage collection at runtime, as well with its associated performance costs. However, the programmer has to keep track of ownership and borrowing of data, which limits how data can be read or changed at certain points of the program. This requires thinking in a different way from other languages, since some familiar patterns simply won’t compile, and increases Rust’s learning curve sharply. Garbage Collection in JavaScript JavaScript follows the majority of programming languages in using a garbage collector. However, the garbage collector itself is implemented and run by the JavaScript engine, not the script we write ourselves, so implementation varies slightly across engines. However, the general principles are the same. Modern JavaScript libraries all use a mark-and-sweep algorithm with the global object as the algorithm’s root. Since I regularly use Firefox and Node, I’ll look at their engines in a bit more detail. SpiderMonkey , the engine used by Firefox, applies the principle of generational collection, dividing allocations into young and old. It attempts to garbage collect incrementally to avoid long pauses, and runs parts of garbage collection in parallel with itself or concurrently with the main thread when possible. The V8 engine’s Orinoco garbage collector , has three generations: nursery, young, and old, and claims (as of 2019) to be a “mostly parallel and concurrent collector with incremental fallback.” V8 also brags about interweaving garbage collection into the idle time between drawing frames when possible, minimizing the time spent forcing JavaScript execution to pause. Based only on these descriptions, V8’s garbage collector seems a bit more advanced, perhaps because V8 used by Chromium-based browsers in addition to Node.js and thus has more support. However, they seem to have independently converged to similar architectures. The serious demands to provide a smooth user experience means that browser-based garbage collectors must be efficient and eliminate as much overhead as possible, because, as the Node guide to tracing garbage collection neatly summarizes, “ when GC is running, your code is not. ” I admit I’ve rather taken memory management for granted, since most of the languages I’ve studied have garbage collectors. I’ve been fascinated by Rust for years but haven’t managed to wrap my head around its ownership and borrowing rules. (Maybe this is the time it will finally click for me.) But if I struggle with memory management when the compiler itself is looking out for me, I’m not sure how I’d fare in a manual memory management scheme without guardrails. So for now, I’m very grateful to garbage collectors everywhere for making my life easier. The Memory Management Reference was invaluable while researching this blog post, in addition to many other engine- and language-specific references (linked throughout the text). Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse eachampagne Follow Joined Sep 5, 2025 More from eachampagne Parallelization # beginners # performance # programming # computerscience 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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Right menu Decimal: futuro tipo numérico do JavaScript Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 29 '25 Decimal: futuro tipo numérico do JavaScript # news # javascript # programming Comments Add Comment 4 min read Boost E-Commerce Engagement with AI Product Recommendations using Evoka AI Madlife David Madlife David Madlife David Follow Dec 30 '25 Boost E-Commerce Engagement with AI Product Recommendations using Evoka AI # news # ai # programming # webdev 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Neon Postgres 2025: Why the New Serverless Features Change Everything DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 28 '25 Neon Postgres 2025: Why the New Serverless Features Change Everything # news # database # postgres # cloud Comments Add Comment 13 min read 8 Major Ways AI Is Changing the World in 2026 artificialintelligenceee artificialintelligenceee artificialintelligenceee Follow Jan 1 8 Major Ways AI Is Changing the World in 2026 # news # ai # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 4 min read Latest Trends in Large Language Models (LLMs) Hemanath Kumar J Hemanath Kumar J Hemanath Kumar J Follow Dec 28 '25 Latest Trends in Large Language Models (LLMs) # news # technology # ai # llms Comments Add Comment 2 min read Neon Postgres Deep Dive: Why the 2025 Updates Change Serverless SQL DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 27 '25 Neon Postgres Deep Dive: Why the 2025 Updates Change Serverless SQL # news # database # postgres # cloud Comments Add Comment 8 min read Introducing a new Front-End Framework Elanat Framework Elanat Framework Elanat Framework Follow Dec 26 '25 Introducing a new Front-End Framework # news # javascript # frontend # webformscore 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read NXP & Rimac Team Up to Build Centralized Architecture for Software-Defined Vehicles Sharanu N Dibbadamani Sharanu N Dibbadamani Sharanu N Dibbadamani Follow Dec 26 '25 NXP & Rimac Team Up to Build Centralized Architecture for Software-Defined Vehicles # 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news # api # cloud # architecture 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 10 min read Dec 26, 2025 | The Tongyi Weekly: Your weekly dose of cutting-edge AI from Tongyi Lab Tongyi Lab Tongyi Lab Tongyi Lab Follow Dec 26 '25 Dec 26, 2025 | The Tongyi Weekly: Your weekly dose of cutting-edge AI from Tongyi Lab # news # ai # opensource Comments Add Comment 3 min read Coffee Break AI: The Week's Top Artificial Intelligence Updates You Need to Know Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Follow Dec 26 '25 Coffee Break AI: The Week's Top Artificial Intelligence Updates You Need to Know # news # ai # technology # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Agentic AI & Autonomous Systems: Trends & Insights Hemanath Kumar J Hemanath Kumar J Hemanath Kumar J Follow Dec 26 '25 Agentic AI & Autonomous Systems: Trends & Insights # news # agenticai # autonomoussystems # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read Apache SeaTunnel Community Year-End Review 2025 Apache SeaTunnel Apache SeaTunnel Apache SeaTunnel Follow Jan 9 Apache SeaTunnel Community Year-End Review 2025 # 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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/applying-first-principles-questioning-to-a-real-company-interview-question-2c0j | Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Case Study: Designing a Chat System (Meta / WhatsApp–Style) This section answers a common follow-up interview request: “Okay, now apply this thinking to a real problem.” We will do exactly that — without jumping to tools or architectures first . The goal is not to “design WhatsApp,” but to demonstrate how interviewers expect you to think . The Interview Question (Realistic & Common) “Design a chat system like WhatsApp.” This is a real company interview question asked (in variants) at: Meta Uber Amazon Stripe Most candidates fail this question not because it’s hard, but because they start in the wrong place . What Most Candidates Do (Wrong Start) Typical opening: “We’ll use WebSockets” “We’ll use Kafka” “We’ll shard by user ID” This skips reasoning. A strong candidate pauses and applies the checklist. Applying the First-Principles Checklist Live We will apply the same five questions , in order, and show what problems naturally surface. 1. State “Where does state live? When is it durable?” Ask This Out Loud in the Interview What information must the chat system remember for it to function correctly? Identify Required State (No Design Yet) Users Conversations Messages Message delivery status Now ask: Which of this state must never be lost? Answer: Messages (core product) Conversation membership First-Principles Conclusion Messages must be persisted In-memory-only solutions are insufficient What the Interviewer Sees You identified correctness-critical state before touching architecture. 2. Time “How long does each step take?” Now we introduce time. Break the Chat Flow User sends message Message is stored Message is delivered to recipient(s) Ask: Which of these must be fast? Sending a message → must feel instant Delivery → may be delayed (offline users) Critical Question Does the sender wait for delivery confirmation? If yes: Latency depends on recipient availability If no: Sending and delivery are time-decoupled First-Principles Conclusion Message acceptance must be fast Delivery can happen later This naturally introduces asynchrony , without naming any tools. 3. Failure “What breaks independently?” Now assume failures — explicitly. Ask What happens if the system crashes after accepting a message but before delivery? Possible states: Message stored Recipient not notified yet Now ask: Can delivery be retried safely? This surfaces a key invariant: A message must not be delivered zero times or multiple times incorrectly. Failure Scenarios Discovered Duplicate delivery Message loss Inconsistent delivery status First-Principles Conclusion Message delivery must be idempotent Storage and delivery failures must be decoupled The interviewer now sees you understand distributed failure , not just happy paths. 4. Order “What defines correct sequence?” Now introduce multiple messages . Ask Does message order matter in a conversation? Answer: Yes — chat messages must appear in order Now ask the dangerous question: Does arrival order equal delivery order? In distributed systems: No guarantee Messages can: Be processed by different servers Experience different delays First-Principles Conclusion Ordering is part of correctness It must be explicitly modeled (e.g., sequence per conversation) This is a senior-level insight , derived from questioning alone. 5. Scale “What grows fastest under load?” Now — and only now — do we talk about scale. Ask As usage grows, what increases fastest? Likely answers: Number of messages Concurrent active connections Offline message backlog Now ask: What happens during spikes (e.g., group chats, viral events)? You discover: Hot conversations Uneven load Memory pressure from live connections First-Principles Conclusion The system must scale on messages , not users Load is not uniform What We Have Discovered (Before Any Design) Without choosing any tools, we now know: Messages must be durable Sending and delivery must be decoupled Failures must not cause duplicates or loss Ordering is a correctness requirement Message volume, not user count, dominates scale This is exactly what interviewers want to hear before you propose architecture. What Comes Next (And Why It’s Easy Now) Only after this reasoning does it make sense to talk about: Persistent storage Async delivery Streaming connections Partitioning strategies At this point, architecture choices are obvious , not arbitrary. Why This Approach Scores High in Interviews Interviewers are evaluating: How you reason under ambiguity Whether you surface hidden constraints Whether you understand failure modes They are not testing whether you know WhatsApp’s internals. This method shows: Structured thinking Calm problem decomposition Senior-level judgment Common Candidate Mistakes (Seen in This Question) Jumping to WebSockets without discussing durability Ignoring offline users Assuming message order “just works” Treating retries as harmless Talking about scale before correctness Every one of these mistakes is prevented by the checklist. Final Reinforcement: The Checklist (Again) Use this verbatim in interviews: Where does state live? When is it durable? Which steps are fast vs slow? What can fail independently? What defines correct order? What grows fastest under load? Final Mental Model Strong candidates design systems. Exceptional candidates design reasoning . 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # architecture # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/applying-first-principles-questioning-to-a-real-company-interview-question-2c0j | Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Case Study: Designing a Chat System (Meta / WhatsApp–Style) This section answers a common follow-up interview request: “Okay, now apply this thinking to a real problem.” We will do exactly that — without jumping to tools or architectures first . The goal is not to “design WhatsApp,” but to demonstrate how interviewers expect you to think . The Interview Question (Realistic & Common) “Design a chat system like WhatsApp.” This is a real company interview question asked (in variants) at: Meta Uber Amazon Stripe Most candidates fail this question not because it’s hard, but because they start in the wrong place . What Most Candidates Do (Wrong Start) Typical opening: “We’ll use WebSockets” “We’ll use Kafka” “We’ll shard by user ID” This skips reasoning. A strong candidate pauses and applies the checklist. Applying the First-Principles Checklist Live We will apply the same five questions , in order, and show what problems naturally surface. 1. State “Where does state live? When is it durable?” Ask This Out Loud in the Interview What information must the chat system remember for it to function correctly? Identify Required State (No Design Yet) Users Conversations Messages Message delivery status Now ask: Which of this state must never be lost? Answer: Messages (core product) Conversation membership First-Principles Conclusion Messages must be persisted In-memory-only solutions are insufficient What the Interviewer Sees You identified correctness-critical state before touching architecture. 2. Time “How long does each step take?” Now we introduce time. Break the Chat Flow User sends message Message is stored Message is delivered to recipient(s) Ask: Which of these must be fast? Sending a message → must feel instant Delivery → may be delayed (offline users) Critical Question Does the sender wait for delivery confirmation? If yes: Latency depends on recipient availability If no: Sending and delivery are time-decoupled First-Principles Conclusion Message acceptance must be fast Delivery can happen later This naturally introduces asynchrony , without naming any tools. 3. Failure “What breaks independently?” Now assume failures — explicitly. Ask What happens if the system crashes after accepting a message but before delivery? Possible states: Message stored Recipient not notified yet Now ask: Can delivery be retried safely? This surfaces a key invariant: A message must not be delivered zero times or multiple times incorrectly. Failure Scenarios Discovered Duplicate delivery Message loss Inconsistent delivery status First-Principles Conclusion Message delivery must be idempotent Storage and delivery failures must be decoupled The interviewer now sees you understand distributed failure , not just happy paths. 4. Order “What defines correct sequence?” Now introduce multiple messages . Ask Does message order matter in a conversation? Answer: Yes — chat messages must appear in order Now ask the dangerous question: Does arrival order equal delivery order? In distributed systems: No guarantee Messages can: Be processed by different servers Experience different delays First-Principles Conclusion Ordering is part of correctness It must be explicitly modeled (e.g., sequence per conversation) This is a senior-level insight , derived from questioning alone. 5. Scale “What grows fastest under load?” Now — and only now — do we talk about scale. Ask As usage grows, what increases fastest? Likely answers: Number of messages Concurrent active connections Offline message backlog Now ask: What happens during spikes (e.g., group chats, viral events)? You discover: Hot conversations Uneven load Memory pressure from live connections First-Principles Conclusion The system must scale on messages , not users Load is not uniform What We Have Discovered (Before Any Design) Without choosing any tools, we now know: Messages must be durable Sending and delivery must be decoupled Failures must not cause duplicates or loss Ordering is a correctness requirement Message volume, not user count, dominates scale This is exactly what interviewers want to hear before you propose architecture. What Comes Next (And Why It’s Easy Now) Only after this reasoning does it make sense to talk about: Persistent storage Async delivery Streaming connections Partitioning strategies At this point, architecture choices are obvious , not arbitrary. Why This Approach Scores High in Interviews Interviewers are evaluating: How you reason under ambiguity Whether you surface hidden constraints Whether you understand failure modes They are not testing whether you know WhatsApp’s internals. This method shows: Structured thinking Calm problem decomposition Senior-level judgment Common Candidate Mistakes (Seen in This Question) Jumping to WebSockets without discussing durability Ignoring offline users Assuming message order “just works” Treating retries as harmless Talking about scale before correctness Every one of these mistakes is prevented by the checklist. Final Reinforcement: The Checklist (Again) Use this verbatim in interviews: Where does state live? When is it durable? Which steps are fast vs slow? What can fail independently? What defines correct order? What grows fastest under load? Final Mental Model Strong candidates design systems. Exceptional candidates design reasoning . Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # architecture # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:50 |
https://dev.to/t/productivity/page/7 | Productivity Page 7 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Productivity Follow Hide Productivity includes tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Create Post submission guidelines Please check if your article contains information or discussion bases about productivity. From posts with the tag #productivity we expect tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. about #productivity Does my article fit the tag? It depends! Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. Older #productivity posts 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Why Modular Monolith Architecture is the Key to Effective AI-Assisted Development ismail Cagdas ismail Cagdas ismail Cagdas Follow Jan 6 Why Modular Monolith Architecture is the Key to Effective AI-Assisted Development # ai # architecture # codequality # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Best Apple System Design Interview Resources I Used (And How They Helped Me) Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 6 Best Apple System Design Interview Resources I Used (And How They Helped Me) # resources # career # systemdesign # productivity Comments Add Comment 5 min read 26 Mental Models to Build Better Products in 2026 cucoleadan cucoleadan cucoleadan Follow Jan 7 26 Mental Models to Build Better Products in 2026 # discuss # promptengineering # productivity # startup 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 23 min read Announcing Leave Script Behind — A New Way to Build and Use Script‑Driven Workflows Leave Script Behind Leave Script Behind Leave Script Behind Follow Jan 6 Announcing Leave Script Behind — A New Way to Build and Use Script‑Driven Workflows # programming # devops # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read The "Visual Debt" of Open Source: Why Your Readme is Leaking Users Juddiy Juddiy Juddiy Follow Jan 7 The "Visual Debt" of Open Source: Why Your Readme is Leaking Users # productivity # design # opensource # dx 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read The General-Purpose Agent Has Arrived Chris Korhonen Chris Korhonen Chris Korhonen Follow Jan 11 The General-Purpose Agent Has Arrived # ai # agents # productivity Comments 1 comment 6 min read Vibe Coding Is Real: Why Small Tools Beat Big Frameworks Sometimes Allisson Faiad Allisson Faiad Allisson Faiad Follow Jan 7 Vibe Coding Is Real: Why Small Tools Beat Big Frameworks Sometimes # discuss # productivity # vibecoding Comments Add Comment 2 min read All AIs in one app. Introducing OmniAI - Your AI Hub. EH.Milon EH.Milon EH.Milon Follow Jan 7 All AIs in one app. Introducing OmniAI - Your AI Hub. # showdev # ai # productivity # tooling Comments Add Comment 2 min read Conversion Funnels & the Banality of Success Nick Goldstein Nick Goldstein Nick Goldstein Follow Jan 7 Conversion Funnels & the Banality of Success # startup # beginners # productivity # marketing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Junior Developer Paradox: Why 2026 Feels Like the End of Entry-Level Tech (And How to Survive It) DIAMANTINO ALMEIDA DIAMANTINO ALMEIDA DIAMANTINO ALMEIDA Follow Jan 7 The Junior Developer Paradox: Why 2026 Feels Like the End of Entry-Level Tech (And How to Survive It) # career # ai # webdev # productivity Comments Add Comment 5 min read Type Hints Make AI Code Generation Significantly Better Samuel Ochaba Samuel Ochaba Samuel Ochaba Follow Jan 7 Type Hints Make AI Code Generation Significantly Better # python # ai # typing # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read I built a "Vibe-Based" Notepad with Tauri v2 (It weighs 4MB) Aditya Pandey Aditya Pandey Aditya Pandey Follow Jan 5 I built a "Vibe-Based" Notepad with Tauri v2 (It weighs 4MB) # showdev # opensource # productivity # rust Comments Add Comment 2 min read I built a simple tool: Excel JSON with validation (free beta) Djelloul Djelloul Djelloul Follow Jan 5 I built a simple tool: Excel JSON with validation (free beta) # python # webdev # productivity # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read AI Isn’t Replacing Developers. It’s Promoting Them. Yaseen Yaseen Yaseen Follow Jan 6 AI Isn’t Replacing Developers. It’s Promoting Them. # ai # career # softwareengineering # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read Scrapy Error Handling & Retry Logic: When Things Go Wrong Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Follow Jan 5 Scrapy Error Handling & Retry Logic: When Things Go Wrong # webdev # programming # productivity # beginners Comments Add Comment 7 min read I Built a Free System Diagnostic Tool for Gamers - Here's Why John Stevens John Stevens John Stevens Follow Jan 5 I Built a Free System Diagnostic Tool for Gamers - Here's Why # windows # gaming # opensource # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read v1.0.0 - Initial Release - Chrome Extension Release しょうたかとうぎ しょうたかとうぎ しょうたかとうぎ Follow Jan 7 v1.0.0 - Initial Release - Chrome Extension Release # chromeextension # javascript # webdev # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read Free ATS Keyword Extractor (No Signup) CreatorOS CreatorOS CreatorOS Follow Jan 6 Free ATS Keyword Extractor (No Signup) # jobs # resume # career # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read AI Project Management: What Helps vs What’s Hype in 2026 Now Bella Sean Bella Sean Bella Sean Follow Jan 7 AI Project Management: What Helps vs What’s Hype in 2026 Now # discuss # ai # management # productivity Comments Add Comment 7 min read Git Merge Tools That Work Well with GitHub Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Follow Jan 6 Git Merge Tools That Work Well with GitHub # git # github # productivity # tooling Comments Add Comment 2 min read How I Can Still Consult AI About Decisions Made Two Months Ago synthaicode synthaicode synthaicode Follow Jan 5 How I Can Still Consult AI About Decisions Made Two Months Ago # ai # productivity # programming # documentation Comments Add Comment 3 min read High-schooler founder launching on product hunt today Peter Zhou Peter Zhou Peter Zhou Follow Jan 6 High-schooler founder launching on product hunt today # showdev # productivity # ai # buildinpublic Comments 1 comment 2 min read Effective Prompting: 6 Techniques to Get Better Results from AI hinlocaesar hinlocaesar hinlocaesar Follow Jan 7 Effective Prompting: 6 Techniques to Get Better Results from AI # ai # productivity # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Boosting Frontend Development Efficiency with Vite and Webpack Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Follow Jan 6 Boosting Frontend Development Efficiency with Vite and Webpack # frontend # javascript # productivity # tooling Comments Add Comment 2 min read Best Free AI YouTube Summarizers for Developers in 2026 jQueryScript jQueryScript jQueryScript Follow Jan 6 Best Free AI YouTube Summarizers for Developers in 2026 # productivity # ai # opensource # youtube Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/thinking-in-first-principles-how-to-question-an-async-queue-based-design-5cf1#comments | Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign Async queues are one of the most commonly suggested “solutions” in system design interviews. But many candidates jump straight to using queues without understanding: What problems they actually solve What new problems they introduce How to systematically discover those problems This post teaches a first-principles questioning process you can apply to any async queue design—without assuming prior knowledge. Why This Matters In interviews, interviewers are not evaluating whether you know Kafka, SQS, or RabbitMQ. They are evaluating whether you can: Reason about time Reason about failure Reason about order Reason about user experience Async queues change all four. What “First Principles” Means Here First principles means: We do not start with solutions We do not assume correctness We ask basic, unavoidable questions that every system must answer Async queues feel correct because they remove blocking—but correctness is not guaranteed by intuition. The Reference Mental Model (Abstract) We will reason about this abstract pattern , not a specific product: User → API → Storage → Queue → Worker → Storage Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode No domain assumptions. This could be: Chat messages Emails Payments Notifications Image processing The questioning process stays the same. Step 1: The Root Question (Always Start Here) What is the system responsible for completing before it can respond? This is the most important question in system design. Why? Because it defines: Request boundaries Latency expectations Responsibility In an async queue design, the implicit answer is: “The request is complete once the work is enqueued.” This is different from synchronous designs, where the request completes after work finishes. So far, this seems good. Step 2: Introduce Time (What Happens Later?) Now ask: Which part of the work happens after the request is done? Answer: The worker processing This leads to an important realization: The system has split work across time Time separation is powerful—but it creates new questions. Step 3: Causality Question (Identity Across Time) Once work happens later, we must ask: How does the system know which output belongs to which input? This question always appears when time is decoupled. Typical answer: IDs in the job payload (request ID, entity ID) This introduces a new invariant: Each input must produce exactly one correct output Now we test whether the system can guarantee this. Step 4: Failure Question (The Queue Reality) Now ask the most important async-specific question: What happens if the worker crashes mid-processing? Realistic answers: The job is retried The work may run again The output may be produced twice This leads to a critical realization: Async queues are usually at-least-once , not exactly-once This is not a tooling issue. It is a fundamental property of distributed systems . Step 5: Duplication Question (Invariant Violation) Now ask: What happens if the same job is processed twice? Consequences: Duplicate outputs Duplicate side effects Conflicting state This violates the earlier invariant: “Exactly one output per input” At this point, we have discovered a correctness problem , not a performance problem. Step 6: Ordering Question (Time Without Synchrony) Now consider multiple inputs. Ask: What defines the order of processing? Important realization: Queue order ≠ business order Different workers process at different speeds Later inputs may finish first Now ask: Does correctness depend on order? If yes (and many systems do): Async queues alone are insufficient This problem emerges only when you question order explicitly. Step 7: Visibility Question (User Experience) Now switch perspectives. How does the user know the work is finished? Possible answers: Polling Guessing Timeouts Each answer reveals a problem: Polling wastes resources Guessing is unreliable Timeouts fail under load This violates a core system principle: Users should not wait blindly Case Study: A Simple Example (Problem-Agnostic) Imagine a system where users upload photos to be processed. Flow: User uploads photo API stores metadata Job is enqueued Worker processes photo Result is stored Now apply the questions: When does the upload request complete? → After enqueue What if the worker crashes? → Job retried What if it runs twice? → Two processed images What if two photos depend on order? → Order not guaranteed How does the user know processing is done? → Polling None of these issues are about images. They are about time, failure, identity, and visibility . What Async Queues Actually Trade Async queues solve one problem: They remove blocking from the request path But they introduce others: Solved Introduced Blocking Duplicate work Latency coupling Ordering ambiguity Resource exhaustion Completion uncertainty This is not bad. It just must be understood and handled . The One-Page Interview Checklist (Memorize This) For any async queue design , ask these five questions: What completes the request? What runs later? What happens if it runs twice? What defines order? How does the user observe completion? If you cannot answer all five clearly, the design is incomplete. Final Mental Model Async systems remove time coupling but destroy causality by default Your job as an engineer is not to “use queues” Your job is to restore correctness explicitly That is what interviewers are looking for. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees How to Identify System Design Problems from First Principles # architecture # interview # systemdesign # tutorial 🧱 The Blueprint of Success: Mastering the Technical Requirements Document (TRD) # architecture # career # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close DEV Help The latest help documentation, tips and tricks from the DEV Community. Help > Customizing Your Feed Customizing Your Feed In this article The "Feed" Tags Follow Tags Hide Tags Users Follow Users Block Users Your Reading List Common Questions What about my post's Google ranking? Tailor your reading experience on DEV to suit your preferences. The "Feed" The home page is tailored to each individual DEV member based on what they're following. Every now and then, the DEV Team may "pin" a post to the homepage if it's an announcement that is relevant to all folks, but these are generally posts from the DEV Team. Your feed is where you'll discover a diverse range of articles published by developers worldwide. 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To access these articles, simply navigate to your profile icon, click on "Reading List," and you'll find all your saved posts there." Common Questions What about my post's Google ranking? You can set the canonical_url of your post before publishing so that Google knows where to send the link juice (that precious, precious link juice). 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://forem.com/loiconlyone#main-content | BeardDemon - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions BeardDemon Nananère je suis très sérieux... Location Alsace Joined Joined on Jul 19, 2024 Personal website https://id00l.eu github website Education UHA - Université Haute Alsace Work Administrateur réseau More info about @loiconlyone Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Skills/Languages Python, Go, JS, Bash, Powershell Currently learning J'apprends actuellement le C#. Je me forme également en tant qu'administrateur réseau. Available for Disponible pour réaliser des projets pro, contactez moi archim141@gmail.com. Post 1 post published Comment 0 comments written Tag 2 tags followed J'ai galéré pendant 3 semaines pour monter un cluster Kubernetes (et voilà ce que j'ai appris) BeardDemon BeardDemon BeardDemon Follow Jan 10 J'ai galéré pendant 3 semaines pour monter un cluster Kubernetes (et voilà ce que j'ai appris) # devops # kubernetes # learning Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:50 |
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https://dev.to/miltivik/how-i-built-a-high-performance-social-api-with-bun-elysiajs-on-a-5-vps-handling-36k-reqsmin-5do4 | How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse nicomedina Posted on Jan 13 How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) # bunjs # api # javascript # programming The Goal I wanted to build a "Micro-Social" API—a backend service capable of handling Twitter-like feeds, follows, and likes—without breaking the bank. My constraints were simple: Budget:** $5 - $20 / month. Performance:** Sub-300ms latency. Scale:** Must handle concurrent load (stress testing). Most tutorials show you Hello World . This post shows you what happens when you actually hit Hello World with 25 concurrent users on a cheap VPS. (Spoiler: It crashes). Here is how I fixed it. ## The Stack 🛠️ I chose Bun over Node.js for its startup speed and built-in tooling. Runtime: Bun Framework: ElysiaJS (Fastest Bun framework) Database: PostgreSQL (via Dokploy) ORM: Drizzle (Lightweight & Type-safe) Hosting: VPS with Dokploy (Docker Compose) The "Oh Sh*t" Moment 🚨 I deployed my first version. It worked fine for me. Then I ran a load test using k6 to simulate 25 virtual users browsing various feeds. k6 run tests/stress-test.js Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Result: ✗ http_req_failed................: 86.44% ✗ status is 429..................: 86.44% The server wasn't crashing, but it was rejecting almost everyone. Diagnosis I initially blamed Traefik (the reverse proxy). But digging into the code, I found the culprit was me . // src/index.ts // OLD CONFIGURATION . use ( rateLimit ({ duration : 60 _000 , max : 100 // 💀 100 requests per minute... GLOBAL per IP? })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Since my stress test (and likely any future NATed corporate office) sent all requests from a single IP, I was essentially DDOSing myself. The Fixes 🔧 1. Tuning the Rate Limiter I bumped the limit to 2,500 req/min . This prevents abuse while allowing heavy legitimate traffic (or load balancers). // src/index.ts . use ( rateLimit ({ duration : 60 _000 , max : 2500 // Much better for standard reliable APIs })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Database Connection Pooling The default Postgres pool size is often small (e.g., 10 or 20). My VPS has 4GB RAM. PostgreSQL needs RAM for connections, but not that much. I bumped the pool to 80 connections . // src/db/index.ts const client = postgres ( process . env . DATABASE_URL , { max : 80 }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Horizontal Scaling with Docker Node/Bun is single-threaded. A single container uses 1 CPU core effectivey. My VPS has 2 vCPUs. I added a replicas instruction to my docker-compose.dokploy.yml : api : build : . restart : always deploy : replicas : 2 # One for each core! Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This instantly doubled my throughput capacity. Traefik automatically load-balances between the two containers. The Final Result 🟢 Ran k6 again: ✓ checks_succeeded...: 100.00% ✓ http_req_duration..: p(95)=200.45ms ✓ http_req_failed....: 0.00% (excluding auth checks) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 0 errors. 200ms latency. On a cheap VPS. Takeaway You don't need Kubernetes for a side project. You just need to understand where your bottlenecks are: Application Layer: Check your Rate Limits. Database Layer: Check your Connection Pool. Hardware: Use all your cores (Replicas). If you want to try the API, I published it on RapidAPI as Micro-Social API . https://rapidapi.com/ismamed4/api/micro-social Happy coding! 🚀 Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Curious about what makes apps succeed (or fail). Sharing lessons from real-world performance stories. Pronouns She/Her Joined Jun 24, 2025 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great article! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse nicomedina Follow Hello im a Uruguayan Developer and im a person who always want to search, learn, and adapt new habit or skills in me. Location Uruguay Education UTEC Pronouns He/His Joined Jan 11, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev 🧗♂️Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Max Dot Product of Two Subsequences' – LeetCode 1458 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/react/page/7 | React Page 7 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close React Follow Hide Official tag for Facebook's React JavaScript library for building user interfaces Create Post submission guidelines 1️⃣ Post Facebook's React ⚛ related posts/questions/discussion topics here~ 2️⃣ There are no silly posts or questions as we all learn from each other👩🎓👨🎓 3️⃣ Adhere to dev.to 👩💻👨💻 Code of Conduct about #react React is a declarative, component-based library, you can learn once, and write anywhere Editor Guide Check out this Editor Guide or this post to learn how to add code syntax highlights, embed CodeSandbox/Codepen, etc Official Documentations & Source Docs Tutorial Community Blog Source code on GitHub Improving Your Chances for a Reply by putting a minimal example to either JSFiddle , Code Sandbox , or StackBlitz . 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Map UIs are not. Kaustubh Kushwaha Kaustubh Kushwaha Kaustubh Kushwaha Follow Jan 6 Maps are easy. Map UIs are not. # webdev # react # frontend # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Building a Multi-Layer Caching Strategy in Next.js App Router: From Static to Real-Time Sachin Maurya Sachin Maurya Sachin Maurya Follow Jan 1 Building a Multi-Layer Caching Strategy in Next.js App Router: From Static to Real-Time # webdev # frontend # react # nextjs Comments Add Comment 5 min read React Coding Challenge : Card Flip Game ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Jan 1 React Coding Challenge : Card Flip Game # webdev # interview # react 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/aws-builders/how-i-troubleshoot-an-ec2-instance-in-the-real-world-using-instance-diagnostics-3dk8#comments | 🩺 How I Troubleshoot an EC2 Instance in the Real World (Using Instance Diagnostics) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Venkata Pavan Vishnu Rachapudi for AWS Community Builders Posted on Jan 12 🩺 How I Troubleshoot an EC2 Instance in the Real World (Using Instance Diagnostics) # aws # ec2 # linux # cloud When an EC2 instance starts misbehaving, my first reaction is not to SSH into it or reboot it. Instead, I open the EC2 console and go straight to Instance Diagnostics . Over time, I’ve realized that most EC2 issues can be understood — and often solved — just by carefully reading what AWS already shows on this page. In this blog, I’ll explain how I use each section of Instance Diagnostics to troubleshoot EC2 issues in a practical, real-world way. The First Question I Answer Before touching anything, I ask myself one simple question: Is this an AWS infrastructure issue, or is it something inside my instance? Instance Diagnostics helps answer this in seconds. Status Overview: Always the Starting Point I always begin with the Status Overview at the top. Instance State This confirms whether the instance is running, stopped, or terminated. If it is not running, there is usually nothing to troubleshoot. System Status Check This reflects the health of the underlying AWS infrastructure such as the physical host and networking. If this check fails, the issue is on the AWS side. In most cases, stopping and starting the instance resolves it by moving the instance to a healthy host. Instance Status Check This check represents the health of the operating system and internal networking. If this fails, the problem is inside the instance — typically related to OS boot issues, kernel problems, firewall rules, or resource exhaustion. EBS Status Check This confirms the health of the attached EBS volumes. If this fails, disk or storage-level issues are likely, and data protection becomes the immediate priority. CloudTrail Events: Tracking Configuration Changes If an issue appears suddenly, the CloudTrail Events tab is where I go next. I use it to confirm: Whether the instance was stopped, started, or rebooted If security groups or network settings were modified Whether IAM roles or instance profiles were changed If volumes were attached or detached This helps quickly identify human or automation-driven changes. SSM Command History: Understanding What Ran on the Instance The SSM Command History tab shows all Systems Manager Run Commands executed on the instance. This is especially useful for identifying: Patch jobs Maintenance scripts Automated remediations Configuration changes If there are no recent commands, that information itself is useful because it confirms that no SSM-driven actions caused the issue. Reachability Analyzer: When the Issue Is Network-Related If the instance is running but not reachable, I open the Reachability Analyzer directly from Instance Diagnostics. This is my go-to tool for diagnosing: Security group issues Network ACL misconfigurations Route table problems Internet gateway or NAT gateway connectivity VPC-to-VPC or on-prem connectivity issues Instead of guessing, Reachability Analyzer visually shows exactly where the network path is blocked. Instance Events: Checking AWS-Initiated Actions The Instance Events tab tells me if AWS has scheduled or performed any actions on the instance. This includes: Scheduled maintenance Host retirement Instance reboot notifications If an issue aligns with one of these events, the root cause becomes immediately clear. Instance Screenshot: When the OS Is Stuck If I cannot connect to the instance at all, I check the Instance Screenshot . This is especially helpful for: Identifying boot failures Detecting kernel panic messages Seeing whether the OS is stuck during startup Even a single screenshot can explain hours of troubleshooting. System Log: Understanding Boot and Kernel Issues The System Log provides low-level OS and kernel messages. I rely on it when: The instance fails to boot properly Services fail during startup Kernel or file system errors are suspected This is one of the best tools for diagnosing OS-level failures without logging in. [[0;32m OK [0m] Reached target [0;1;39mTimer Units[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mUser Login Management[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mUnattended Upgrades Shutdown[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mHostname Service[0m. Starting [0;1;39mAuthorization Manager[0m... [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mAuthorization Manager[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mThe PHP 8.2 FastCGI Process Manager[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Finished [0;1;39mEC2 Instance Connect Host Key Harvesting[0m. Starting [0;1;39mOpenBSD Secure Shell server[0m... [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mOpenBSD Secure Shell server[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mDispatcher daemon for systemd-networkd[0m. [[0;1;31mFAILED[0m] Failed to start [0;1;39mPostfix Ma… Transport Agent (instance -)[0m. See 'systemctl status postfix@-.service' for details. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mLSB: AWS CodeDeploy Host Agent[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mVarnish HTTP accelerator log daemon[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mSnap Daemon[0m. Starting [0;1;39mTime & Date Service[0m... [ 13.865473] cloud-init[1136]: Cloud-init v. 25.1.4-0ubuntu0~22.04.1 running 'modules:config' at Fri, 05 Dec 2025 01:25:29 +0000. Up 13.71 seconds. Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS ip-***** ttyS0 ip-****** login: [ 15.070290] cloud-init[1152]: Cloud-init v. 25.1.4-0ubuntu0~22.04.1 running 'modules:final' at Fri, 05 Dec 2025 01:25:30 +0000. Up 14.98 seconds. 2025/12/05 01:25:30Z: Amazon SSM Agent v3.3.2299.0 is running 2025/12/05 01:25:30Z: OsProductName: Ubuntu 2025/12/05 01:25:30Z: OsVersion: 22.04 [ 15.189197] cloud-init[1152]: Cloud-init v. 25.1.4-0ubuntu0~22.04.1 finished at Fri, 05 Dec 2025 01:25:30 +0000. Datasource DataSourceEc2Local. Up 15.16 seconds 2025/12/15 21:35:50Z: Amazon SSM Agent v3.3.3050.0 is running 2025/12/15 21:35:50Z: OsProductName: Ubuntu 2025/12/15 21:35:50Z: OsVersion: 22.04 [1091674.876805] Out of memory: Killed process 465 (java) total-vm:11360104kB, anon-rss:1200164kB, file-rss:3072kB, shmem-rss:0kB, UID:1004 pgtables:2760kB oom_score_adj:0 [1091770.835233] Out of memory: Killed process 349683 (php) total-vm:563380kB, anon-rss:430132kB, file-rss:4096kB, shmem-rss:0kB, UID:0 pgtables:1068kB oom_score_adj:0 [1092018.639252] Out of memory: Killed process 347300 (php-fpm8.2) total-vm:531624kB, anon-rss:193648kB, file-rss:3456kB, shmem-rss:106240kB, UID:33 pgtables:888kB oom_score_adj:0 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Session Manager: Secure Access Without SSH If Systems Manager is enabled, I prefer using Session Manager to access the instance. This allows me to: Inspect CPU, memory, and disk usage Restart services safely Avoid opening SSH ports or managing key pairs From both a security and operational standpoint, this is my preferred access method. What Experience Has Taught Me Troubleshooting EC2 instances is not about reacting quickly — it is about observing carefully. Instance Diagnostics already provides: Health signals Change history Network analysis OS-level visibility When used correctly, these tools eliminate guesswork and reduce downtime. Final Thoughts My approach to EC2 troubleshooting is simple: Start with Instance Diagnostics. Understand the signals. Act only after the root cause is clear. In most cases, the answer is already visible — we just need to slow down and read it. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Productivity Follow Hide Productivity includes tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Create Post submission guidelines Please check if your article contains information or discussion bases about productivity. From posts with the tag #productivity we expect tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. about #productivity Does my article fit the tag? It depends! Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. Older #productivity posts 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Claude CLI Context Window Solved Denys Meddediev Denys Meddediev Denys Meddediev Follow Jan 8 Claude CLI Context Window Solved # ai # programming # opensource # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read Artificial Intelligence in Freelance Software Development A Technical and Structural Analysis Beyond Productivity Narratives Mario Duval Solutions Mario Duval Solutions Mario Duval Solutions Follow Jan 8 Artificial Intelligence in Freelance Software Development A Technical and Structural Analysis Beyond Productivity Narratives # ai # career # productivity # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 28 min read Promptelle: An All-in-One AI Photo Prompt Platform for Faster Image Creation Riven_Chandler Riven_Chandler Riven_Chandler Follow Jan 8 Promptelle: An All-in-One AI Photo Prompt Platform for Faster Image Creation # showdev # ai # productivity # resources Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Reflective Practice Is Your Competitive Advantage in an AI-Driven Workplace Loïc Boset Loïc Boset Loïc Boset Follow Jan 8 Why Reflective Practice Is Your Competitive Advantage in an AI-Driven Workplace # ai # career # learning # productivity 11 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read The 3-Day Code Review Problem (And What It's Actually Costing You) Björn Brynjar Jónsson Björn Brynjar Jónsson Björn Brynjar Jónsson Follow Jan 8 The 3-Day Code Review Problem (And What It's Actually Costing You) # discuss # productivity # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 5 min read Here’s How You Nail the Netflix System Design Interview With The Right Resources Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 8 Here’s How You Nail the Netflix System Design Interview With The Right Resources # netflix # systemdesign # career # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why Most AI Coding Sessions Fail (And How to Fix It) Steve Harlow Steve Harlow Steve Harlow Follow Jan 8 Why Most AI Coding Sessions Fail (And How to Fix It) # ai # productivity # devops # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read What an Early Bus Ride Gave Me Each Morning Mark Ellison Mark Ellison Mark Ellison Follow Jan 8 What an Early Bus Ride Gave Me Each Morning # watercooler # devjournal # mentalhealth # productivity Comments Add Comment 9 min read How to Make AI Reconstruct Context Without Memory synthaicode synthaicode synthaicode Follow Jan 6 How to Make AI Reconstruct Context Without Memory # documentation # ai # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read How My Company Automate Meeting Notes to Jira A.I. 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Follow Jan 8 How My Company Automate Meeting Notes to Jira # ai # webdev # tutorial # productivity 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read I built a privacy-focused tool to crop images into circles instantly kristoff kristoff kristoff Follow Jan 6 I built a privacy-focused tool to crop images into circles instantly # webdev # productivity # buildinpublic # startup Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rust Macros System Aviral Srivastava Aviral Srivastava Aviral Srivastava Follow Jan 12 Rust Macros System # automation # productivity # rust # tutorial 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 9 min read Notes from a Developer Who Learned to Say No Serguey Asael Shinder Serguey Asael Shinder Serguey Asael Shinder Follow Jan 6 Notes from a Developer Who Learned to Say No # career # mentalhealth # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read Building My Digital 'Swiss Army Knife': A Custom Unit Converter with AI Daniel Daniel Daniel Follow for Datalaria Jan 8 Building My Digital 'Swiss Army Knife': A Custom Unit Converter with AI # showdev # ai # productivity # tooling 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Finding leadership in times of crisis Svile Svile Svile Follow Jan 6 Finding leadership in times of crisis # leadership # productivity # agile # startup Comments Add Comment 9 min read Midweek Elevate: Raise the Baseline MeL MeL MeL Follow Jan 7 Midweek Elevate: Raise the Baseline # motivation # productivity # softwaredevelopment 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a safer way to manage .env in Laravel — and I’ve just released the public roadmap Vanni Daghini Vanni Daghini Vanni Daghini Follow Jan 6 Building a safer way to manage .env in Laravel — and I’ve just released the public roadmap # laravel # php # devops # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI, Fake Reviews, and the Trust Crisis in SaaS Mukul Sharma Mukul Sharma Mukul Sharma Follow Jan 9 AI, Fake Reviews, and the Trust Crisis in SaaS # startup # saas # product # productivity 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Benchmark: I replaced Gemini CLI's Vector RAG with Context Trees to stop the hallucinations (99% Token Reduction) chi lan chi lan chi lan Follow Jan 9 Benchmark: I replaced Gemini CLI's Vector RAG with Context Trees to stop the hallucinations (99% Token Reduction) # showdev # ai # productivity # gemini 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read What developers do is changing after agentic AI Benedict L Benedict L Benedict L Follow Jan 6 What developers do is changing after agentic AI # agents # ai # automation # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read On Being Productive Without Being Busy Serguey Asael Shinder Serguey Asael Shinder Serguey Asael Shinder Follow Jan 8 On Being Productive Without Being Busy # discuss # mentalhealth # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read The tech stack behind InkRows Filip Frincu Filip Frincu Filip Frincu Follow Jan 6 The tech stack behind InkRows # react # javascript # productivity # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read Multitasking with Vibe Coding drains your attention span Tigran Bayburtsyan Tigran Bayburtsyan Tigran Bayburtsyan Follow Jan 5 Multitasking with Vibe Coding drains your attention span # programming # ai # productivity Comments Add Comment 6 min read Why Modular Monolith Architecture is the Key to Effective AI-Assisted Development ismail Cagdas ismail Cagdas ismail Cagdas Follow Jan 6 Why Modular Monolith Architecture is the Key to Effective AI-Assisted Development # ai # architecture # codequality # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Best Apple System Design Interview Resources I Used (And How They Helped Me) Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 6 Best Apple System Design Interview Resources I Used (And How They Helped Me) # resources # career # systemdesign # productivity Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. 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Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core — Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:50 |
https://core.forem.com/about | About - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close About This is a new Subforem, part of the Forem ecosystem. You are welcome to the community and stay tuned for more! 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core — Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:50 |
https://dev.to/help/delete-account | Delete your DEV Account - DEV Help - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close DEV Help The latest help documentation, tips and tricks from the DEV Community. Help > Delete your DEV Account Delete your DEV Account In this article If you want to delete your account for any reason, visit Settings > Account , and scroll to the bottom. You will see a Delete Account button to initiate the process, where options will be made available. In some circumstances your account deletion may require contacting us to help complete the process. In that case you will see instructions for that process. Contact us for any help deleting your account. Forem is the open source software built on DEV, but may not be associated with DEV. Any up-to-date Forem will have the same instructions, but you may need to contact their admins directly if you need additional support. 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:50 |
https://core.forem.com/t/javascript | JavaScript - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close JavaScript Follow Hide Once relegated to the browser as one of the 3 core technologies of the web, JavaScript can now be found almost anywhere you find code. JavaScript developers move fast and push software development forward; they can be as opinionated as the frameworks they use, so let's keep it clean here and make it a place to learn from each other! Create Post submission guidelines Client-side, server-side, it doesn't matter. This tag should be used for anything JavaScript focused. If the topic is about a JavaScript framework or library , just remember to include the framework's tag as well. about #javascript How should the tag be written? All lower-case letters for the tag: javascript . Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu October 2025 Forem Core Update: Hacktoberfest Momentum, PR Cleanups, and Self-Hosting Tweaks Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Oct 12 '25 October 2025 Forem Core Update: Hacktoberfest Momentum, PR Cleanups, and Self-Hosting Tweaks # productivity # security # performance # javascript 20 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core — Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:50 |
https://dev.to/t/tutorial/page/75 | Tutorial Page 75 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # tutorial Follow Hide Tutorial is a general purpose tag. We welcome all types of tutorial - code related or not! It's all about learning, and using tutorials to teach others! Create Post submission guidelines Tutorials should teach by example. This can include an interactive component or steps the reader can follow to understand. Older #tutorial posts 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu LUMOS in 5 Minutes: Your First Solana Schema RECTOR SOL RECTOR SOL RECTOR SOL Follow for LUMOS Dec 17 '25 LUMOS in 5 Minutes: Your First Solana Schema # solana # rust # typescript # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Migrating from Manual Borsh to LUMOS: A Step-by-Step Guide RECTOR SOL RECTOR SOL RECTOR SOL Follow for LUMOS Dec 17 '25 Migrating from Manual Borsh to LUMOS: A Step-by-Step Guide # solana # rust # typescript # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Measuring End-to-End Latency for Robots and Cameras Over 5G (Without RF Gear) Yacine Si Tayeb Yacine Si Tayeb Yacine Si Tayeb Follow Nov 12 '25 Measuring End-to-End Latency for Robots and Cameras Over 5G (Without RF Gear) # tutorial # resources # coding # 5g 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Infinite Marquee with Vevet.js Anthony Bobrov Anthony Bobrov Anthony Bobrov Follow Nov 13 '25 Infinite Marquee with Vevet.js # webdev # marquee # javascript # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Connecting Power BI to PostgreSQL (Localhost & Aiven Cloud) Kenyansa Felix Amenya Kenyansa Felix Amenya Kenyansa Felix Amenya Follow Nov 17 '25 Connecting Power BI to PostgreSQL (Localhost & Aiven Cloud) # postgres # analytics # database # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read When Absurdity Meets Clean Code: allgood.click Martin Schenk Martin Schenk Martin Schenk Follow Nov 14 '25 When Absurdity Meets Clean Code: allgood.click # javascript # web # tutorial # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read Stock Price Prediction Suppa sin Suppa sin Suppa sin Follow Nov 19 '25 Stock Price Prediction # datascience # deeplearning # tutorial Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 6 : SQL Aruna Aruna Aruna Follow Dec 17 '25 Day 6 : SQL # tutorial # database # beginners # sql 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read 🚀Node.js Microservices: Zero to Cloud (Complete Hands-on Series) Shafqat Awan Shafqat Awan Shafqat Awan Follow Dec 17 '25 🚀Node.js Microservices: Zero to Cloud (Complete Hands-on Series) # tutorial # node # cloud # microservices Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to push updates to the Salesforce production environment Bohdan Bohdan Bohdan Follow Dec 6 '25 How to push updates to the Salesforce production environment # crm # tutorial # programming # webdev 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read 134. Gas Station | LeetCode | Top Interview 150 | Coding Questions Debesh P. Debesh P. Debesh P. Follow Dec 17 '25 134. Gas Station | LeetCode | Top Interview 150 | Coding Questions # leetcode # programming # productivity # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read 238. Product of Array Except Self | LeetCode | Top Interview 150 | Coding Questions Debesh P. Debesh P. Debesh P. Follow Dec 17 '25 238. Product of Array Except Self | LeetCode | Top Interview 150 | Coding Questions # leetcode # productivity # tutorial # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read The $847 Idle RDS Instance: A Deep Dive into AWS Cost Optimization Rick Wise Rick Wise Rick Wise Follow Nov 26 '25 The $847 Idle RDS Instance: A Deep Dive into AWS Cost Optimization # aws # architecture # devops # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 3: Understanding Data Types in Java Karthick Narayanan Karthick Narayanan Karthick Narayanan Follow Dec 17 '25 Day 3: Understanding Data Types in Java # beginners # java # tutorial Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Actually Copy a List in Python Nelson Figueroa Nelson Figueroa Nelson Figueroa Follow Nov 14 '25 How to Actually Copy a List in Python # beginners # python # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Plan a Tournament Structure When You Don't Know Where to Start Bracket Maker Bracket Maker Bracket Maker Follow Nov 13 '25 How to Plan a Tournament Structure When You Don't Know Where to Start # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read How I Built a 3D Product Configurator using Alpine.js & Three.js (No React required!) Francesco Esposito Francesco Esposito Francesco Esposito Follow Dec 5 '25 How I Built a 3D Product Configurator using Alpine.js & Three.js (No React required!) # showdev # javascript # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to use local packages in Composer: a guide for PHP developers Roberto B. Roberto B. Roberto B. Follow Dec 12 '25 How to use local packages in Composer: a guide for PHP developers # php # composer # webdev # tutorial 34 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read I Looked Inside .git and You Won't Believe What I Found (Actually, You Will,cos It's Fascinating) NJEI NJEI NJEI Follow Dec 8 '25 I Looked Inside .git and You Won't Believe What I Found (Actually, You Will,cos It's Fascinating) # git # webdev # beginners # tutorial 59 reactions Comments 13 comments 8 min read 🔥 LLM Interview Series(3): Transformers Explained — Attention Is All You Need jackma jackma jackma Follow Nov 14 '25 🔥 LLM Interview Series(3): Transformers Explained — Attention Is All You Need # ai # programming # tutorial # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 11 min read DebianにJupyterサーバーを入れてクライアントPCからPythonの勉強 Kiyoshi Yamamoto Kiyoshi Yamamoto Kiyoshi Yamamoto Follow Nov 13 '25 DebianにJupyterサーバーを入れてクライアントPCからPythonの勉強 # learning # python # linux # tutorial Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Use GitHub Secrets Effectively in Multi-Service Deployments Avwerosuoghene Darhare-Igben Avwerosuoghene Darhare-Igben Avwerosuoghene Darhare-Igben Follow Nov 13 '25 How to Use GitHub Secrets Effectively in Multi-Service Deployments # cloud # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why We Ditched React and Built Financial Calculators in Vanilla JavaScript (And How It Made Everything Better) chittaranjan nivargi chittaranjan nivargi chittaranjan nivargi Follow Nov 15 '25 Why We Ditched React and Built Financial Calculators in Vanilla JavaScript (And How It Made Everything Better) # webdev # programming # tutorial # react Comments Add Comment 6 min read The Base64 Dilemma: When (and How) to Actually Inline Images in CSS Turkay Kalenci Turkay Kalenci Turkay Kalenci Follow Nov 12 '25 The Base64 Dilemma: When (and How) to Actually Inline Images in CSS # css # performance # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read OOP Under the Hood: Prototypes, new, and More Karen Santana Karen Santana Karen Santana Follow Nov 12 '25 OOP Under the Hood: Prototypes, new, and More # beginners # javascript # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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