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https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS | CSS: Cascading Style Sheets | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web CSS Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português (do Brasil) Русский 中文 (简体) 正體中文 (繁體) CSS: Cascading Style Sheets Cascading Style Sheets ( CSS ) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML (including XML dialects such as SVG , MathML or XHTML ). CSS describes how elements should be rendered on screen, on paper, in speech, or on other media. CSS is among the core languages of the open web and is standardized across web browsers according to W3C specifications . Previously, the development of various parts of CSS specification was done synchronously, which allowed the versioning of the latest recommendations. You might have heard about CSS1, CSS2.1, or even CSS3. There will never be a CSS3 or a CSS4; rather, everything is now just "CSS" with individual CSS modules having version numbers. After CSS 2.1, the scope of the specification increased significantly and the progress on different CSS modules started to differ so much, that it became more effective to develop and release recommendations separately per module . Instead of versioning the CSS specification, W3C now periodically takes a snapshot of the latest stable state of the CSS specification and individual modules progress. CSS modules now have version numbers, or levels, such as CSS Color Module Level 5 . In this article Beginner's tutorials Guides How to Tools Reference See also Beginner's tutorials Our learn web development core modules contain modern, up-to-date tutorials covering CSS fundamentals. Your first website: Styling the content This article provides a brief tour of what CSS is and how to use it, aimed at people who are completely new to web development. CSS styling basics This module provides all the CSS fundamentals you'll need to start learning the technology effectively, including syntax, features, and techniques. CSS text styling Here we look at CSS text fundamentals including setting font, boldness, italics, line and letter spacing, and drop shadows. We round off the module by looking at applying custom fonts to your page, and styling lists and links. CSS layout This module looks at floats, positioning, other modern layout tools, and building responsive designs that will adapt to different devices, screen sizes, and resolutions. Guides CSS guides are organized by modules and are there to help you learn what you can achieve using CSS. Browse the complete list at CSS guides , which includes topics such as: CSS syntax including declarations and rulesets. Specificity , inheritance , and cascade Nesting , scoping and shadow parts Media and container queries Numeric and textual data types Box model and margin collapse Containing block Stacking and block-formatting contexts Property value processing Shorthand properties Flexible box , multi-column and grid layouts Animations , transitions , and transforms How to CSS layout cookbook Recipes for common layout patterns you might need to implement in your sites. These recipes provide code you can use as a starting point in your projects. These recipes also highlight the different ways layout specifications can be used and the choices you can make as a developer. Tools Border-image generator Generate CSS border-image values. Border-radius generator Generate CSS border-radius effects. Box-shadow generator Add box-shadow effects to your CSS objects. Color format converter Enter or pick a color and copy its corresponding value in any CSS color format . Color mixer Mix two colors in any color space using the color-mix() function and copy the resulting color in any CSS color format. Shape generator Define coordinates and syntax for <basic-shape> features. You can also use the following resources: W3C CSS Validation Service : To check if your CSS is valid. This is an invaluable debugging tool. Firefox Developer Tools : To view and edit a page's live CSS via the Inspector and the Style Editor tools. Web Developer extension : To track and edit live CSS on websites in Firefox. Reference Browse the complete CSS reference documentation. CSS properties Reference for all CSS properties. CSS selectors Reference for CSS selectors, combinators , pseudo-classes , and pseudo-elements . CSS at-rules Reference for CSS at-rules including media queries. CSS values Reference for CSS keywords, data types , and functions . See also Web languages to which CSS is often applied: HTML , SVG , MathML , XHTML , and XML . Stack Overflow questions about CSS Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Dec 29, 2025 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar CSS Guides Modules Anchor positioning Animations Backgrounds and borders Basic user interface Borders and box decorations Box alignment Box model Box sizing Cascading and inheritance Color adjustment Colors Compositing and blending Conditional rules Containment Counter styles CSSOM view Custom functions and mixins Custom highlight API Custom properties for cascading variables Display Easing functions Environment variables Filter effects Flexible box layout Font loading Fonts Fragmentation Generated content Grid layout Images Inline layout Lists and counters Logical properties and values Masking Media queries Motion path Multi-column layout Namespaces Nesting Overflow Overscroll behavior Paged media Positioned layout Properties and values API Pseudo-elements Round display Ruby layout Scoping Scroll anchoring Scroll snap Scroll-driven animations Scrollbars styling Selectors Shadow parts Shapes Syntax Table Text Text decoration Transforms Transitions Values and units View transitions Viewport Writing modes Anchor positioning Using anchor positioning Handling overflow Animations Animatable properties Using animations Backgrounds and borders Using multiple backgrounds Resizing background images Scaling SVG backgrounds Box alignment Overview In block layout In flexbox In grid layout In multi-column layout Box model Introduction Margin collapsing Box sizing Aspect ratios Cascade Introduction Inheritance Specificity Property value processing Shorthand properties Cascading variables Using custom properties Colors Applying color Color values Using relative colors Using color wisely Accessibility: Colors and luminance Accessibility: Color contrast Columns Basic concepts Styling columns Using multi-column layouts Spanning and balancing columns Handling overflow Handling content breaks Conditional rules Using feature queries Using container scroll-state queries Containment Container queries Using containment Using container size and style queries CSSOM view Coordinate systems (API) Viewport concepts Custom functions and mixins Using CSS custom functions Display Block and inline layout Flow layout Flow layout and overflow Flow layout and writing modes In flow and out of flow Layout and the containing block Formatting contexts Block formatting context Inline formatting context Using multi-keyword syntax Visual formatting model Environment variables Using environment variables Filter effects Using filter effects Flexbox Basic concepts Flexbox and other layouts Aligning flex items Ordering flex items Controlling flex item ratios Wrapping flex items Typical use cases Fonts OpenType features Variable fonts WOFF Grid Basic concepts Grid and other layouts Using line-based placement Grid template areas Using named grid lines Using auto-placement Aligning items Logical values and writing modes Grid layout and accessibility Common grid layouts Subgrid Masonry layout Experimental Images Using gradients Using object-view-box Styling replaced elements Implementing image sprites Lists and counters Using counters Indenting lists Logical properties Basic concepts For floating and positioning For margins, borders, and padding For sizing Masking Introduction Clipping Multiple masks Mask properties Media queries Using media queries For accessibility Testing Printing Nesting style rules Nesting at-rules Nesting and specificity Using nesting Overflow Creating carousels Positioning Stacking context Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Stacking floating elements Understanding z-index Using z-index Stacking without z-index Scroll anchoring Overview Scroll-driven animations Scroll-driven animation timelines Scroll snap Basic concepts Using scroll snap events Selectors Selectors and combinators Selector structure Privacy and :visited Using :target Shapes Overview Box-value shapes Image-based shapes Using shape-outside Syntax Introduction Comments At-rules Error handling Text Wrapping and breaking text Handling whitespace Text decoration Text shadows Transforms Using transforms Transitions Using transitions Values and units Value definition syntax Numeric data types Textual data types Using math functions Using typed arithmetic Writing modes Introduction Vertical form controls How to Layout cookbook Media objects Column layouts Center an element Sticky footers Split navigation Breadcrumb navigation List group with badges Pagination Card Grid wrapper Contribute a recipe Cookbook template Tools Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator Reference Properties -moz-* -moz-float-edge Non-standard Deprecated -moz-force-broken-image-icon Non-standard Deprecated -moz-orient Non-standard -moz-user-focus Non-standard Deprecated -moz-user-input Non-standard Deprecated -webkit-* -webkit-border-before Non-standard -webkit-box-reflect Non-standard -webkit-mask-box-image Non-standard -webkit-mask-composite Non-standard -webkit-mask-position-x Non-standard -webkit-mask-position-y Non-standard -webkit-mask-repeat-x Non-standard -webkit-mask-repeat-y Non-standard -webkit-tap-highlight-color Non-standard -webkit-text-fill-color -webkit-text-security Non-standard -webkit-text-stroke -webkit-text-stroke-color -webkit-text-stroke-width -webkit-touch-callout Non-standard Custom properties (--*): CSS variables accent-color align-* align-content align-items align-self alignment-baseline all anchor-name anchor-scope animation-* animation animation-composition animation-delay animation-direction animation-duration animation-fill-mode animation-iteration-count animation-name animation-play-state animation-range animation-range-end animation-range-start animation-timeline animation-timing-function appearance aspect-ratio backdrop-filter backface-visibility background-* background background-attachment background-blend-mode background-clip background-color background-image background-origin background-position background-position-x background-position-y background-repeat background-size baseline-source block-size border-* border border-block border-block-color border-block-end border-block-end-color border-block-end-style border-block-end-width border-block-start border-block-start-color border-block-start-style border-block-start-width border-block-style border-block-width border-bottom border-bottom-color border-bottom-left-radius border-bottom-right-radius border-bottom-style border-bottom-width border-collapse border-color border-end-end-radius border-end-start-radius border-image border-image-outset border-image-repeat border-image-slice border-image-source border-image-width border-inline border-inline-color border-inline-end border-inline-end-color border-inline-end-style border-inline-end-width border-inline-start border-inline-start-color border-inline-start-style border-inline-start-width border-inline-style border-inline-width border-left border-left-color border-left-style border-left-width border-radius border-right border-right-color border-right-style border-right-width border-spacing border-start-end-radius border-start-start-radius border-style border-top border-top-color border-top-left-radius border-top-right-radius border-top-style border-top-width border-width bottom box-* box-align Non-standard Deprecated box-decoration-break box-direction Non-standard Deprecated box-flex Non-standard Deprecated box-flex-group Non-standard Deprecated box-lines Non-standard Deprecated box-ordinal-group Non-standard Deprecated box-orient Non-standard Deprecated box-pack Non-standard Deprecated box-shadow box-sizing break-* break-after break-before break-inside caption-side caret-* caret Experimental caret-animation Experimental caret-color caret-shape Experimental clear clip-* clip Deprecated clip-path clip-rule color-* color color-interpolation color-interpolation-filters color-scheme column-* column-count column-fill column-gap column-rule column-rule-color column-rule-style column-rule-width column-span column-width columns contain-* contain contain-intrinsic-block-size contain-intrinsic-height contain-intrinsic-inline-size contain-intrinsic-size contain-intrinsic-width container-* container container-name container-type content content-visibility corner-* corner-block-end-shape Experimental corner-block-start-shape Experimental corner-bottom-left-shape Experimental corner-bottom-right-shape Experimental corner-bottom-shape Experimental corner-end-end-shape Experimental corner-end-start-shape Experimental corner-inline-end-shape Experimental corner-inline-start-shape Experimental corner-left-shape Experimental corner-right-shape Experimental corner-shape Experimental corner-start-end-shape Experimental corner-start-start-shape Experimental corner-top-left-shape Experimental corner-top-right-shape Experimental corner-top-shape Experimental counter-* counter-increment counter-reset counter-set cursor cx cy d direction display dominant-baseline dynamic-range-limit empty-cells field-sizing fill-* fill fill-opacity fill-rule filter flex-* flex flex-basis flex-direction flex-flow flex-grow flex-shrink flex-wrap float flood-color flood-opacity font-* font font-family font-feature-settings font-kerning font-language-override font-optical-sizing font-palette font-size font-size-adjust font-smooth Non-standard font-stretch Deprecated font-style font-synthesis font-synthesis-position Experimental font-synthesis-small-caps font-synthesis-style font-synthesis-weight font-variant font-variant-alternates font-variant-caps font-variant-east-asian font-variant-emoji font-variant-ligatures font-variant-numeric font-variant-position font-variation-settings font-weight forced-color-adjust gap grid-* grid grid-area grid-auto-columns grid-auto-flow grid-auto-rows grid-column grid-column-end grid-column-start grid-row grid-row-end grid-row-start grid-template grid-template-areas grid-template-columns grid-template-rows hanging-punctuation height hyphenate-character hyphenate-limit-chars hyphens image-* image-orientation image-rendering image-resolution Experimental initial-letter inline-size inset-* inset inset-block inset-block-end inset-block-start inset-inline inset-inline-end inset-inline-start interactivity Experimental interest-* interest-delay Experimental interest-delay-end Experimental interest-delay-start Experimental interpolate-size Experimental isolation justify-* justify-content justify-items justify-self left letter-spacing lighting-color line-* line-break line-clamp line-height line-height-step Experimental list-* list-style list-style-image list-style-position list-style-type margin-* margin margin-block margin-block-end margin-block-start margin-bottom margin-inline margin-inline-end margin-inline-start margin-left margin-right margin-top margin-trim Experimental marker-* marker marker-end marker-mid marker-start mask-* mask mask-border mask-border-mode mask-border-outset mask-border-repeat mask-border-slice mask-border-source mask-border-width mask-clip mask-composite mask-image mask-mode mask-origin mask-position mask-repeat mask-size mask-type math-* math-depth math-shift math-style max-* max-block-size max-height max-inline-size max-width min-* min-block-size min-height min-inline-size min-width mix-blend-mode object-* object-fit object-position object-view-box Experimental offset-* offset offset-anchor offset-distance offset-path offset-position offset-rotate opacity order orphans outline-* outline outline-color outline-offset outline-style outline-width overflow-* overflow overflow-anchor overflow-block overflow-clip-margin overflow-inline overflow-wrap overflow-x overflow-y overlay Experimental overscroll-* overscroll-behavior overscroll-behavior-block overscroll-behavior-inline overscroll-behavior-x overscroll-behavior-y padding-* padding padding-block padding-block-end padding-block-start padding-bottom padding-inline padding-inline-end padding-inline-start padding-left padding-right padding-top page-* page page-break-after Deprecated page-break-before Deprecated page-break-inside Deprecated paint-order perspective perspective-origin place-* place-content place-items place-self pointer-events position-* position position-anchor position-area position-try position-try-fallbacks position-try-order position-visibility print-color-adjust quotes r reading-flow Experimental reading-order Experimental resize right rotate row-gap ruby-* ruby-align ruby-overhang ruby-position rx ry scale scroll-* scroll-behavior scroll-margin scroll-margin-block scroll-margin-block-end scroll-margin-block-start scroll-margin-bottom scroll-margin-inline scroll-margin-inline-end scroll-margin-inline-start scroll-margin-left scroll-margin-right scroll-margin-top scroll-marker-group Experimental scroll-padding scroll-padding-block scroll-padding-block-end scroll-padding-block-start scroll-padding-bottom scroll-padding-inline scroll-padding-inline-end scroll-padding-inline-start scroll-padding-left scroll-padding-right scroll-padding-top scroll-snap-align scroll-snap-stop scroll-snap-type scroll-target-group Experimental scroll-timeline scroll-timeline-axis scroll-timeline-name scrollbar-* scrollbar-color scrollbar-gutter scrollbar-width shape-* shape-image-threshold shape-margin shape-outside shape-rendering speak-as Experimental stop-color stop-opacity stroke-* stroke stroke-dasharray stroke-dashoffset stroke-linecap stroke-linejoin stroke-miterlimit stroke-opacity stroke-width tab-size table-layout text-* text-align text-align-last text-anchor text-autospace text-box text-box-edge text-box-trim text-combine-upright text-decoration text-decoration-color text-decoration-inset Experimental text-decoration-line text-decoration-skip Experimental text-decoration-skip-ink text-decoration-style text-decoration-thickness text-emphasis text-emphasis-color text-emphasis-position text-emphasis-style text-indent text-justify text-orientation text-overflow text-rendering text-shadow text-size-adjust Experimental text-spacing-trim Experimental text-transform text-underline-offset text-underline-position text-wrap text-wrap-mode text-wrap-style timeline-scope top touch-action transform-* transform transform-box transform-origin transform-style transition-* transition transition-behavior transition-delay transition-duration transition-property transition-timing-function translate unicode-bidi user-modify Non-standard Deprecated user-select vector-effect vertical-align view-* view-timeline view-timeline-axis view-timeline-inset view-timeline-name view-transition-class view-transition-name visibility white-space white-space-collapse widows width will-change word-break word-spacing writing-mode x y z-index zoom Selectors & nesting selector Attribute selectors Class selectors ID selectors Keyframe selectors Namespace separator Selector list Type selectors Universal selectors Combinators Child combinator Column combinator Experimental Descendant combinator Next-sibling combinator Subsequent-sibling combinator Pseudo-classes :-moz-* :-moz-broken Non-standard Deprecated :-moz-drag-over Non-standard :-moz-first-node Experimental Non-standard :-moz-handler-blocked Non-standard :-moz-handler-crashed Non-standard :-moz-handler-disabled Non-standard :-moz-last-node Experimental Non-standard :-moz-loading Non-standard :-moz-locale-dir(ltr) Non-standard :-moz-locale-dir(rtl) Non-standard :-moz-only-whitespace Non-standard :-moz-submit-invalid Non-standard :-moz-suppressed Non-standard :-moz-user-disabled Non-standard :-moz-window-inactive Non-standard :active-* :active :active-view-transition :active-view-transition-type() :any-link :autofill :blank Experimental :buffering :checked :current Experimental :default :defined :dir() :disabled :empty :enabled :first-* :first :first-child :first-of-type :focus-* :focus :focus-visible :focus-within :fullscreen :future :has-slotted :has() :heading Experimental :heading() Experimental :host :host-context() Deprecated :host() :hover :in-range :indeterminate :interest-source Experimental :interest-target Experimental :invalid :is() :lang() :last-child :last-of-type :left :link :local-link Experimental :modal :muted :not() :nth-* :nth-child() :nth-last-child() :nth-last-of-type() :nth-of-type() :only-child :only-of-type :open :optional :out-of-range :past :paused :picture-in-picture :placeholder-shown :playing :popover-open :read-only :read-write :required :right :root :scope :seeking :stalled :state() :target-* :target :target-after Experimental :target-before Experimental :target-current Experimental :user-invalid :user-valid :valid :visited :volume-locked :where() Pseudo-elements ::-moz-* ::-moz-color-swatch Non-standard ::-moz-focus-inner Non-standard Deprecated ::-moz-list-bullet Experimental Non-standard ::-moz-list-number Experimental Non-standard ::-moz-meter-bar Non-standard ::-moz-progress-bar Experimental Non-standard ::-moz-range-progress Non-standard ::-moz-range-thumb Non-standard ::-moz-range-track Non-standard ::-webkit-* ::-webkit-inner-spin-button Non-standard ::-webkit-meter-bar Non-standard Deprecated ::-webkit-meter-even-less-good-value Non-standard ::-webkit-meter-inner-element Non-standard ::-webkit-meter-optimum-value Non-standard ::-webkit-meter-suboptimum-value Non-standard ::-webkit-progress-bar Non-standard ::-webkit-progress-inner-element Non-standard ::-webkit-progress-value Non-standard ::-webkit-scrollbar Non-standard ::-webkit-search-cancel-button Non-standard ::-webkit-search-results-button Non-standard ::-webkit-slider-runnable-track Non-standard ::-webkit-slider-thumb Non-standard ::after ::backdrop ::before ::checkmark Experimental ::column Experimental ::cue ::details-content ::file-selector-button ::first-letter ::first-line ::grammar-error ::highlight() ::marker ::part() ::picker-icon Experimental ::picker() Experimental ::placeholder ::scroll-* ::scroll-button() Experimental ::scroll-marker Experimental ::scroll-marker-group Experimental ::selection ::slotted() ::spelling-error ::target-text ::view-* ::view-transition ::view-transition-group() ::view-transition-image-pair() ::view-transition-new() ::view-transition-old() At-rules @charset @color-profile @container @counter-style @custom-media Experimental @document Non-standard Deprecated @font-face @font-feature-values @font-palette-values @function Experimental @import @keyframes @layer @media @namespace @page @position-try @property @scope @starting-style @supports @view-transition Values !important fit-content inherit initial max-content min-content revert revert-layer rule-list unset Types <absolute-size> <alpha-value> <angle-percentage> <angle> <axis> <baseline-position> <basic-shape> <blend-mode> <box-edge> <calc-keyword> <calc-sum> <color-interpolation-method> <color> <content-distribution> <content-position> <corner-shape-value> Experimental <custom-ident> <dashed-function> Experimental <dashed-ident> <dimension> <display-box> <display-inside> <display-internal> <display-legacy> <display-listitem> <display-outside> <easing-function> <filter-function> <flex> <frequency-percentage> <frequency> <generic-family> <gradient> <hex-color> <hue-interpolation-method> <hue> <ident> <image> <integer> <length-percentage> <length> <line-style> <named-color> <number> <overflow-position> <overflow> <percentage> <position-area> <position> <ratio> <relative-size> <resolution> <self-position> <shape> Deprecated <string> <system-color> <text-edge> <time-percentage> <time> <timeline-range-name> <transform-function> <url> Functions -moz-image-rect Non-standard Deprecated abs() acos() anchor-size() anchor() asin() atan() atan2() attr() blur() brightness() calc-size() Experimental calc() circle() clamp() color-mix() color() conic-gradient() contrast-color() contrast() cos() counter() counters() cross-fade() cubic-bezier() device-cmyk() drop-shadow() dynamic-range-limit-mix() Experimental element() Experimental ellipse() env() exp() fit-content() grayscale() hsl() hue-rotate() hwb() hypot() if() Experimental image-set() image() inset() invert() lab() lch() light-dark() linear-gradient() linear() log() matrix() matrix3d() max() min() minmax() mod() oklab() oklch() opacity() paint() path() perspective() polygon() pow() progress() radial-gradient() ray() rect() rem() repeat() repeating-conic-gradient() repeating-linear-gradient() repeating-radial-gradient() rgb() rotate() rotate3d() rotateX() rotateY() rotateZ() round() saturate() scale() scale3d() scaleX() scaleY() scaleZ() sepia() shape() sibling-count() sibling-index() sign() sin() skew() skewX() skewY() sqrt() steps() superellipse() Experimental symbols() tan() translate() translate3d() translateX() translateY() translateZ() type() Experimental url() var() xywh() Your blueprint for a better internet. 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https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/we-raised-60-million-last-week-so-we-made-a-funny-video | We raised $60M last week… so we made a funny film Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy We raised $60 million last week… so we made a funny video by Aravind Putrevu English Featured September 23, 2025 2 min read September 23, 2025 2 min read Introducing… “When AI coding agents backfire: A short film” The cast The very real problem behind the joke Here’s what we’re doing about it Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/coderabbit-ai-code-reviews-now-support-nvidia-nemotron | AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron by Sahil Mohan Bansal Nemotron English Blog January 05, 2026 3 min read January 05, 2026 3 min read How Nemotron helps: Context gathering at scale Blend of frontier and Open Models What this means for our customers Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/our-10-best-posts-of-the-year-a-2025-coderabbit-blog-roundup | Our 10 best posts of the year: A CodeRabbit roundup Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Our 10 best posts of the year: A 2025 CodeRabbit blog roundup by Manpreet Kaur English Featured December 18, 2025 5 min read December 18, 2025 5 min read 1. The end of one-size-fits-all prompts: Why LLM models are no longer interchangeable 2. The rise of 'Slow AI': Why devs should stop speedrunning stupid 3. AI code metrics: What percentage of your code should be AI-generated? 4. Handling ballooning context in the MCP era: Context engineering on steroids 5. 2025: The year of the AI dev tool tech stack 6. Why emojis suck for reinforcement learning 7. Vibe coding: Because who doesn't love surprise technical debt!? 8. Good code review advice doesn't come from threads with 🚀 in them 9. CodeRabbit's Tone Customizations: Why it will be your favorite feature 10. CodeRabbit commits $1 million to open source The bottom line: Our blog rocks, you should read it weekly in 2026 Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://coderabbit.ai/dpa | CodeRabbit Data Protection Addendum| AI Code Reviews Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Updated March 13th, 2025 Data Protection Addendum Data Protection Addendum This Data Processing Agreement (“DPA”) forms part of the Terms of Use (or other similarly titled written or electronic agreement addressing the same subject matter) (“ Agreement ”) between Customer (as defined in the Agreement) and " CodeRabbit Inc " under which the Processor provides the Controller with the software and services (the "Services" ). The Controller and the Processor are individually referred to as a "Party" and collectively as the "Parties" . The Parties seek to implement this DPA to comply with the requirements of EU GDPR (defined hereunder) in relation to Processor's processing of Personal Data (as defined under the EU GDPR) as part of its obligations under the Agreement. This DPA shall apply to Processor's processing of Personal Data, provided by the Controller as part of Processor's obligations under the Agreement. Except as modified below, the terms of the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. Definitions Terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning given to them in the EU GDPR or the Agreement. The following terms shall have the corresponding meanings assigned to them below: 1.1. " Data Transfer " means a transfer of the Personal Data from the Controller to the Processor, or between two establishments of the Processor, or with a Sub-processor by the Processor. 1.2. " EU GDPR " means the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). 1.3. " Standard Contractual Clauses " means the contractual clauses attached hereto as Schedule 1 pursuant to the European Commission's Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/914 of 4 June 2021 on Standard Contractual Clauses for the transfer of Personal Data to processors established in third countries which do not ensure an adequate level of data protection. 1.4. " Controller " means the natural or legal person, public authority, agency, or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data; where the purposes and means of such processing are determined by Union or Member State law, the controller or the specific criteria for its nomination may be provided for by Union or Member State law. 1.5. "Processor" means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency, or other body which processes personal data on behalf of the controller. 1.6. " Sub-processor " means a processor/ sub-contractor appointed by the Processor for the provision of all or parts of the Services and Processes the Personal Data as provided by the Controller. Purpose of this Agreement This DPA sets out various obligations of the Processor in relation to the Processing of Personal Data and shall be limited to the Processor's obligations under the Agreement. If there is a conflict between the provisions of the Agreement and this DPA, the provisions of this DPA shall prevail. Categories of Personal Data and Data Subjects The Controller authorizes permission to the Processor to process the Personal Data to the extent of which is determined and regulated by the Controller. The current nature of the Personal Data is specified in Annex I to Schedule 1 to this DPA. Purpose of Processing The objective of Processing of Personal Data by the Processor shall be limited to the Processor's provision of the Services to the Controller and or its Client, pursuant to the Agreement. Duration of Processing The Processor will Process Personal Data for the duration of the Agreement, unless otherwise agreed upon in writing by the Controller. Data Controller's Obligations 6.1. The Data Controller shall warrant that it has all necessary rights to provide the Personal Data to the Data Processor for the Processing to be performed in relation to the agreed services. To the extent required by Data Privacy Laws, Data Controller is responsible for ensuring that it provides such Personal Data to Data Processor based on an appropriate legal basis allowing lawful processing activities, including any necessary Data Subject consents to this Processing are obtained, and for ensuring that a record of such consents is maintained. Should such consent be revoked by the Data Subject, the Data Controller is responsible for communicating the fact of such revocation to the Data Processor. 6.2. The Data Controller shall provide all natural persons from whom it collects Personal Data with the relevant privacy notice. 6.3. The Data Controller shall request the Data Processor to purge Personal Data when required by the Data Controller or any Data Subject whom it collects Personal Data unless the Data Processor is otherwise required to retain the Personal Data by applicable law. 6.4. The Data Controller shall immediately advise the Data Processor in writing if it receives or learns of any: 6.4.1. Complaint or allegation indicating a violation of Data Privacy Laws regarding Personal Data; 6.4.2. Request from one or more individuals seeking to access, correct, or delete Personal Data; 6.4.3. Inquiry or complaint from one or more individuals relating to the collection, processing, use, or transfer of Personal Data; and 6.4.4. Any regulatory request, search warrant, or other legal, regulatory, administrative, or governmental process seeking Personal Data Data Processor's Obligations 7.1. The Processor will follow written and documented instructions received, including email, from the Controller, its affiliate, agents, or personnel, with respect to the Processing of Personal Data (each, an " Instruction "). 7.2. The Processing described in the Agreement and the relating documentation shall be considered as Instruction from the Controller. 7.3. At the Data Controller's request, the Data Processor will provide reasonable assistance to the Data Controller in responding to/ complying with requests/ directions by Data Subject in exercising their rights or of the applicable regulatory authorities regarding Data Processor's Processing of Personal Data. 7.4. In relation to the Personal Data, Data Processor shall obtain consent (where necessary) and/or provide notice to the Data Subject in accordance with Data Protection Laws to enable shared Personal Data to be provided to, and used by, the other Party as contemplated by this Agreement. 7.5. Where shared Personal Data is transferred outside the Data Processor's territorial boundaries, the transferor shall ensure that the recipient of such data is under contractual obligations to protect such Personal Data to the same or higher standards as those imposed under this Addendum and the Data Protection Laws. 7.6. The processor shall inform the controller if, in its opinion, a processing instruction infringes applicable legislation or regulation. Data Secrecy 8.1. To Process the Personal Data, the Processor will use personnel who are 8.1.1. Informed of the confidential nature of the Personal Data, and 8.1.2. Perform the Services in accordance with the Agreement. 8.2. The Processor will regularly train individuals having access to Personal Data in data security and data privacy in accordance with accepted industry practice and shall ensure that all the Personal Data is kept strictly confidential. 8.3. The Processor will maintain appropriate technical and organizational measures for protection of the security, confidentiality, and integrity of the Personal Data as per the specifications as per the standards mutually agreed in writing by the Parties. Audit Rights 9.1. Upon Controller's reasonable request, the Processor will make available to the Controller, information as is reasonably necessary to demonstrate Processor's compliance with its obligations under the EU GDPR or other applicable laws in respect of its Processing of the Personal Data. 9.2. When the Controller wishes to conduct the audit (by itself or through a representative) at Processor's site, it shall provide at least fifteen (15) days' prior written notice to the Processor; the Processor will provide reasonable cooperation and assistance in relation to audits, including inspections, conducted by the Controller or its representative. 9.3. The Controller shall bear the expense of such an audit. Mechanism of Data Transfers Any Data Transfer for the purpose of Processing by the Processor in a country outside the European Economic Area (the " EEA ") shall only take place in compliance as detailed in Schedule 1 to the DPA. Where such model clauses have not been executed at the same time as this DPA, the Processor shall not unduly withhold the execution of such template model clauses, where the transfer of Personal Data outside of the EEA is required for the performance of the Agreement. Sub-processors 11.1. The Controller acknowledges and agrees that the Processor, may engage a third-party Sub-processor(s) in connection with the performance of the Services, provided such Sub-processor(s) take technical and organizational measures to ensure confidentiality of Personal Data shared with them; The current Sub-processors engaged by the Processors and approved by the Controller are listed in Annex III of Schedule 1 hereto. In accordance with Article 28(4) of the GDPR, the Processor shall remain liable to Controller for any failure on behalf of a Sub-processor to fulfil its data protection obligations under the DPA in connection with the performance of the Services. 11.2. If the Controller has a concern that the Sub-processor(s) Processing of Personal Data is reasonably likely to cause the Controller to breach its data protection obligations under the GDPR, the Controller may object to Processor's use of such Sub-processor and the Processor and Controller shall confer in good faith to address such concern. Personal Data Breach Notification 12.1. The Processor shall maintain defined procedures in case of a Personal Data Breach (as defined under the GDPR) and shall without undue delay notify Controller if it becomes aware of any Personal Data Breach. 12.2. The Processor shall provide the Controller with all reasonable assistance to comply with the notification of Personal Data Breach to Supervisory Authority and/or the Data Subject, to identify the cause of such Data Breach and take such commercially reasonable steps as reasonably required to mitigate and remedy such Data Breach. 12.3. No Acknowledgement of Fault by Processor. Processor's notification of or response to a Personal Data Breach under this DPA will not be construed as an acknowledgement by Processor of any fault or liability with respect to the data incident. Return and Deletion of Personal Data 13.1. The Processor shall at least thirty (30) days from the end of the Agreement or cessation of the Processor's Services under the Agreement, whichever occurs earlier, shall return to the Controller all the Personal Data, or if the Controller so instructs, the Processor shall have the Personal Data deleted. The Processor shall return such Personal Data in a commonly used format or in the current format in which it was stored at discretion of the Controller, soon as reasonably practicable following receipt of Controller's notification. 13.2. In any case, the Processor shall delete Personal Data including all the copies of it as soon as reasonably practicable following the end of the Agreement. Technical and Organizational Measures Having regard to the state of technological development and the cost of implementing any measures, the Processor will take appropriate technical and organizational measures against the unauthorized or unlawful processing of Personal Data and against the accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, Personal Data to ensure a level of security appropriate to: (a) the harm that might result from unauthorized or unlawful processing or accidental loss, destruction or damage; and (b) the nature of the data to be protected [including the measures stated in Annex II of Schedule 1] SCHEDULE 1 ANNEX I A. LIST OF PARTIES Data exporter(s): Name : Customer (As set forth in the relevant Order Form). Address : As set forth in the relevant Order Form . Contact person's name, position, and contact details: As set forth in the relevant Order Form. Activities relevant to the data transferred under these Clauses : Recipient of the Services provided by CodeRabbit Inc in accordance with the Agreement. Signature and date: Signature and date are set out in the Agreement. Role Controller/ Processor): Controller Data importer(s): Name: CodeRabbit Inc Address: 201 Spear St # 1200 San Francisco, CA 94105, United States Contact person's name, position, and contact details: Rohit Khanna, dpo@coderabbit.ai , +1 - 888 - 247 - 5357 Activities relevant to the data transferred under these Clauses : Provision of the Services to the Customer in accordance with the Agreement. Signature and date : Signature and date are set out in the Agreement. Role (controller/processor): Processor. B. DESCRIPTION OF TRANSFER Categories of data subjects whose personal data is transferred Customer's authorized users of the Services . Categories of personal data transferred Git platform(GItHub, GitLab, AzureDevOps, Bitbucket) User ID, Username, user's primary email. Sensitive data transferred (if applicable) and applied restrictions or safeguards that fully take into consideration the nature of the data and the risks involved, such as for instance strict purpose limitation, access restrictions (including access only for staff having followed specialized training), keeping a record of access to the data, restrictions for onward transfers or additional security measures. No sensitive data collected. The frequency of the transfer (e.g., whether the data is transferred on a one-off or continuous basis). Continuous basis Nature of the processing The data importer's Processing activities shall be limited to those discussed in the Agreement and the DPA Purpose(s) of the data transfer and further processing The purpose of the transfer is to facilitate the performance of the Services more fully described in the Agreement and accompanying order forms. The period for which the personal data will be retained, or, if that is not possible, the criteria used to determine that period The period for which the Customer Personal Data will be retained is more fully described in the Agreement, Addendum, and accompanying order forms. For transfers to (sub-) processors, also specify subject matter, nature, and duration of the processing The subject matter, nature, and duration of the Processing more fully described in the Agreement, Addendum, and accompanying order forms. C.COMPETENT SUPERVISORY AUTHORITY Data exporter is established in an EEA country. The competent supervisory authority is as determined by application of Clause 13 of the EU SCCs. ANNEX II TECHNICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL MEASURES INCLUDING TECHNICAL AND ORGANISATIONAL MEASURES TO ENSURE THE SECURITY OF THE DATA Description of the technical and organisational security measures implemented by CodeRabbit Inc as the data processor/data importer to ensure an appropriate level of security, taking into account the nature, scope, context, and purpose of the processing, and the risks for the rights and freedoms of natural persons. o Security Security Management System . Organization . CodeRabbit Inc designates qualified security personnel whose responsibilities include development, implementation, and ongoing maintenance of the Information Security Program. Policies . Management reviews and supports all security related policies to ensure the security, availability, integrity and confidentiality of Customer Personal Data. These policies are updated at least once annually. Assessments . CodeRabbit Inc engages a reputable independent third-party to perform risk assessments of all systems containing Customer Personal Data at least once annually. Risk Treatment . CodeRabbit Inc maintains a formal and effective risk treatment program that includes penetration testing, vulnerability management and patch management to identify and protect against potential threats to the security, integrity or confidentiality of Customer Personal Data. Vendor Management . CodeRabbit Inc maintains an effective vendor management program Incident Management . CodeRabbit Inc reviews security incidents regularly, including effective determination of root cause and corrective action. Standards . CodeRabbit Inc operates an information security management system that complies with the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard. Personnel Security. CodeRabbit Inc personnel are required to conduct themselves in a manner consistent with the company's guidelines regarding confidentiality, business ethics, appropriate usage, and professional standards. CodeRabbit Inc conducts reasonably appropriate background checks on any employees who will have access to client data under this Agreement, including in relation to employment history and criminal records, to the extent legally permissible and in accordance with applicable local labor law, customary practice and statutory regulations. Personnel are required to execute a confidentiality agreement in writing at the time of hire and to protect Customer Personal Data at all times. Personnel must acknowledge receipt of, and compliance with, CodeRabbit Inc's confidentiality, privacy and security policies. Personnel are provided with privacy and security training on how to implement and comply with the Information Security Program. Personnel handling Customer Personal Data are required to complete additional requirements appropriate to their role (e.g., certifications). CodeRabbit Inc's personnel will not process Customer Personal Data without authorization. Access Controls Access Management . CodeRabbit Inc maintains a formal access management process for the request, review, approval and provisioning of all personnel with access to Customer Personal Data to limit access to Customer Personal Data and systems storing, accessing or transmitting Customer Personal Data to properly authorized persons having a need for such access. Access reviews are conducted periodically to ensure that only those personnel with access to Customer Personal Data still require it. Infrastructure Security Personnel . CodeRabbit Inc has, and maintains, a security policy for its personnel, and requires security training as part of the training package for its personnel. CodeRabbit Inc's infrastructure security personnel are responsible for the ongoing monitoring of CodeRabbit Inc's security infrastructure, the review of the Services, and for responding to security incidents. Access Control and Privilege Management . CodeRabbit Inc's and Customer's administrators and end users must authenticate themselves via a Multi-Factor authentication system or via a single sign on system in order to use the Services Internal Data Access Processes and Policies – Access Policy . CodeRabbit Inc's internal data access processes and policies are designed to protect against unauthorized access, use, disclosure, alteration or destruction of Customer Personal Data. CodeRabbit Inc designs its systems to only allow authorized persons to access data they are authorized to access based on principles of "least privileged" and "need to know", and to prevent others who should not have access from obtaining access. CodeRabbit Inc requires the use of unique user IDs, strong passwords, two factor authentication and carefully monitored access lists to minimize the potential for unauthorized account use. The granting or modification of access rights is based on: the authorized personnel's job responsibilities; job duty requirements necessary to perform authorized tasks; a need to know basis; and must be in accordance with CodeRabbit Inc's internal data access policies and training. Approvals are managed by workflow tools that maintain audit records of all changes. Access to systems is logged to create an audit trail for accountability. Where passwords are employed for authentication (e.g., login to workstations), password policies follow industry standard practices. These standards include password complexity, password expiry, password lockout, restrictions on password reuse and re-prompt for password after a period of inactivity Data Center and Network Security Data Centers. Infrastructure. CodeRabbit Inc has GCP as its data center. Resiliency. Multi Availability Zones are enabled on GCP and CodeRabbit Inc conducts Backup Restoration Testing on regular basis to ensure resiliency. Server Operating Systems. CodeRabbit Inc's servers are customized for the application environment and the servers have been hardened for the security of the Services. CodeRabbit Inc employs a code review process to increase the security of the code used to provide the Services and enhance the security products in production environments. Disaster Recovery . CodeRabbit Inc replicates data over multiple systems to help to protect against accidental destruction or loss. CodeRabbit Inc has designed and regularly plans and tests its disaster recovery programs. Security Logs. CodeRabbit Inc's systems have logging enabled to their respective system log facility in order to support the security audits, and monitor and detect actual and attempted attacks on, or intrusions into, CodeRabbit Inc's systems. Vulnerability Management . CodeRabbit Inc performs regular vulnerability scans on all infrastructure components of its production and development environment. Vulnerabilities are remediated on a risk basis, with Critical, High and Medium security patches for all components installed as soon as commercially possible. Networks and Transmission. Data Transmission . Transmissions on production environment are transmitted via Internet standard protocols. External Attack Surface . GCP Security Group which is equivalent to virtual firewall is in place for Production environment on GCP. Incident Response . CodeRabbit Inc maintains incident management policies and procedures, including detailed security incident escalation procedures. CodeRabbit Inc monitors a variety of communication channels for security incidents, and CodeRabbit Inc's security personnel will react promptly to suspected or known incidents, mitigate harmful effects of such security incidents, and document such security incidents and their outcomes. Encryption Technologies . CodeRabbit Inc makes HTTPS encryption (also referred to as SSL or TLS) available for data in transit. Data Storage, Isolation, Authentication, and Destruction. CodeRabbit Inc stores data in a multi-tenant environment on GCP servers. Data, the Services database and file system architecture are replicated between multiple availability zones on GCP. CodeRabbit Inc logically isolates the data of different customers. A central authentication system is used across all Services to increase uniform security of data. CodeRabbit Inc ensures secure disposal of Client Data through the use of a series of data destruction processes. ANNEX III LIST OF SUB-PROCESSORS Name of Other Processor Description of Processing Location of Other Processor Datadog IT Infrastructure US PostHog Analytics US Sentinel One Antivirus and EDR US Growsurf SaaS for building referral program US HubSpot CRM US Typeform Customer support Spain Discord Customer support US Slack Team Collaboration US Google Workspace Email, Collaboration US Stripe Payment gateway US Chargebee Subscription management US Cloudflare DNS and Web Security US Vercel Static Website Hosting US GitHub Code repositories US Google Cloud Platform Hosting the production environment US Anthropic AI LLMs US OpenAI AI LLMs US LanceDB Database Management System US Still have questions? Contact Us Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://apisyouwonthate.com/blog/creating-api-specifications-from-bullst | Creating API Specifications from Bulls**t Newsletter Articles Books Podcast Membership Sign in Subscribe Creating API Specifications from Bulls**t Phil Sturgeon 09 Mar 2018 — 3 min read So you want to get into design-first API development. Getting started can seem a little tricky, especially when you have a bunch of old APIs floating around and feature work keeps piling up. Writing out full specs for code that already exists can seem like a challenge, and a lot of people get tempted down the dark nonsense path of annotation-based specifications. Don’t do that to yourself, just use one of these handy tricks to catch your legacy APIs up with a bunch of specs, then your old APIs and new APIs can be on the same workflow , maintained with awesome OpenAPI editors , used for contract testing , etc. Convert from Postman Most teams will at the very least half-assedly update a Postman Collection for their more important endpoints, and sometimes these are vaguely up-to-date. Postman Collections are essentially just another API specification format, so taking this can be a good start. Accepting that it is not going to be a complete list of endpoints, aware that it is missing all sorts of metadata like field descriptions, formats, enum values, etc., you can use this as a head start. Step 1 is to Export your Postman Collection. Open the Postman application, find your API and click Export. There are a lot of "Postman to Swagger” or "Postman to OpenAPI” tools out there, but if you are luck enough to find one that works, it is definitely outdated. Many of them only work wiht Postman Collection v1, and they all only convert to OpenAPI v2.0… The best closest CLI tool out there is API Flow, but even after sending 7 pull requests that tool is still OpenAPI v2.0 only, and their version is completely broken. Give my fork a try if you are interested. Luckily the APImatic Transformer is amazing. You can use their website to upload the Postman Collection, and download the OpenAPI v3.0 in JSON or YAML. Fantastic! Their output is not perfect, but it is a start. Run the Speccy lint command on the output to get advice on things to add, and use the serve command to get a preview in your browser. Generate from Real Traffic From a mere chunk of JSON, a "schema generator” can attempt to make a very basic schema for you. If something looks like a string, and maybe contains a date, it can rather easily list the field as type: string and format: date-time . That might not be mind blowing, and it’s certainly not the most advanced usage of schema, but it is rather useful when you have a whole API with a few thousand fields spread over various resources. There are a few tools around for OpenAPI and JSON Schema. Update 2018–05–16: Smartbear (creators of the Swagger tooling for OpenAPI) have just released Swagger Inspector , which is explained in this blog post . You basically use it like a HTTP client, import it into SwaggerHub, then export as OpenAPI v2 or v3 and use it however you like. If you want to create JSON Schema there are a whole bunch of JSON Schema Generators , including one written in Ruby , and one written for NodeJS . There is also jsonschema.net , which is a really handy online tool that supports loads of different drafts of JSON Schema. Throw JSON in on the left, get a bunch of JSON Schema out on the right. Caveat, if you are referencing these JSON Schema files in an OpenAPI v3.0 specification, make sure your JSON Schema Generator is outputting the JSON Schema Draft 04, or it will break OpenAPI. Generate Specs from Code Annotation based systems are terrifying and not something I can understand people wanting to do. That said, if you have a strictly typed language like Go, you probably have enough information in your code-base to generate some OpenAPI specs. To create a bunch of specs rather quickly, goswagger can help you out. swagger generate spec -o ./swagger.json It will only return OpenAPI v2 right now, but slap the v2 spec through APImatic Transformer and you’ll have v3 ready to go. Onwards When you have both your data model defined in OpenAPI or JSON Schema, and your service model defined in OpenAPI or JSON HyperSchema , you’re off to the races! What is data model vs what is service model. Now all you need to do is save those specification files in your API’s GitHub repository, create some beautiful documentation , serve them up for client-side validation, and all sorts of other handy stuff. Read more Design First, AI Never In the age of vibe-coding, how can we convince teams to invest in design before building APIs? Also in this newsletter: OpenAPI 3.3, Reddit's microservices architecture, an update to Speakeasy for OpenApi 3.2.0, and more! By Alexander Karan 15 Dec 2025 Zero-Downtime Migration from Laravel Vapor to Laravel Cloud Move your Laravel API from Vapor to Cloud in phases, without making a complete hash of it and wishing you never bothered. By Phil Sturgeon 08 Dec 2025 NestJS: Bad, or Really Bad? 😉 In this newsletter: the Resty library for APIs in Golang, a new Bruno release, an interview with Kin Lane, and API Schema Automation for devs By Alexander Karan 01 Dec 2025 Building a Sustainable Future in APIs with Kin Lane Kin Lane drops by to talk to Phil Sturgeon about his new startup, the changing landscape of API tech, why REST fundamentals are still important, and building sustainable API tools. By Mike Bifulco 01 Dec 2025 Sign up About Powered by Ghost Are you ready to build APIs You Won't Hate? Join now to subscribe to our twice-monthly newsletter, access to our Slack Channel, and other subscriber benefits. Unsubscribe any time. Subscribe | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://apisyouwonthate.com/blog/modern-api-deployment-options-in-the-cloud#/portal/signup | Modern API Deployment Options in the Cloud Newsletter Articles Books Podcast Membership Sign in Subscribe Modern API Deployment Options in the Cloud Alexander Karan 04 May 2022 — 8 min read How do you deploy your API, and what's the best way to structure it? Front-end frameworks have come a long way in recent years, making it easy to spin up and deploy a website/web app. However, I find the noise caused by many strong opinions sometimes clouds the equal and fantastic progress made on letting developers quickly deploy an API. I'm going to cover a few ways you can build and deploy an API to get your MVP into the hands of your users as quickly as possible. I will approach these deployments from the mindset of building a REST API, as I find this is the most accessible format when thinking about structure and deployments. Don't build one from scratch Getting features, demos, and MVPs into users' hands is more important than the tech stack, language or processes you use. Users don't care how you built it; they care about the features and how well it works. Firebase has come on in leaps and bounds over the last few years and allows you to knock together a backend for your API quickly. Time and time again, I see people building out an API for simple CRUD operations. Don't make your life difficult. Why build and maintain a whole backend for simple operations? Firebase also allows for a more complex setup giving you the ability to write cloud functions which respond to changes, and run code based on data changes in the database made by your front-end. If you're looking for an open-source alternative to Firebase, Supabase is a great companion. Plus, they have a great tag line: Create a backend in less than 2 minutes. Another tool to deploy backends with hardly any code is AWS Amplify . You are given tools for authentication and data storage, serving web pages, and connecting to other AWS services. Amplify also comes with a nifty setup they call Studio, allowing you to manage app users and edit content. There are some great tools out there for putting together backends. Managing dev ops, servers, and other backend infrastructure can be a pain sometimes. Assess if there is a need to put together a full-fledge backend/API before starting. We don't all need to be Stripe 😉 Deploy on the Edge Edge computing has me excited; so many cool things are happening in this space. Deploying an API on edge is like writing serverless functions, with the main difference being you deploy to the edge network, and they tend to run on top of the V8 JavaScript runtime. I love this approach as you get to write endpoints as functions and forget about everything else. There are a few providers in this space. One of the most notable is Cloudflare Workers , and you can write in Rust, C, and C++, not just JavaScript. They have some great examples of starter projects to get you going, They also have an excellent course on building a serverless API with Cloudflare Workers on EggHead . I also love Deno Deploy , a one-click deploy service for Deno . It allows you to instantly deploy JavaScript on the edge every time you push code to Github. Forget servers, forget vendor lock-in and push JavaScript all the livelong day. This is an example of how simple it can be to deploy a Rest API. I have set up a single route using Oak (an HTTP framework for Deno) that returns an estimated carbon footprint for the provided electricity consumption. import { Application, Router } from "https://deno.land/x/oak/mod.ts"; const port = 3011; const router = new Router(); router.get("/electricity", (ctx) => { const factor = 0.759; const kwh = Number(ctx.request.url.searchParams.get("kwh")); if (kwh) { const carbon = kwh * factor; const inTonnes = carbon / 1000; ctx.response.body = JSON.stringify({ carbon: inTonnes, unit: "tCO2e", }); } else { ctx.response.status = 400; ctx.response.body = JSON.stringify({ error: { message: "kWh have not been supplied in the query", }, }); } }); const app = new Application(); app.use(router.routes()); app.use(router.allowedMethods()); app.addEventListener("listen", () => console.log(`Listening on http://localhost:${port}`) ); await app.listen({ port }); Full Deno Code Example To deploy with Deno Deploy, you need to sign up here and make sure you have committed your API to Github. Then connect Deno Deploy to your Github account once you sign up, select the correct repository, select the entry file and then you're all good to go. Any changes, push code to the main branch, and they go live. All PRs created in the repository will come with a deploy preview URL. You can check out my demo API in full here. Change the query to your electricity consumption in kWh to get your estimated footprint. The question of how to structure your projects is the next hurdle, and this is where breaking them down into microservices would be essential. For example, for this project, I could point to a subdomain, "calculator.alexanderkaran.com", and build out more functionality for working out the footprint for gas or water usage. Each function could be at a different subroute, i.e. "/gas" or "/water"; however, If I wanted to build functionality for testing appliance efficiency. I would create this as a whole new project and point a new subdomain at it, for example, "appliances.alexanderkaran.com". Another great part of Deno Deploy is keeping all the services in one repo is easy; you point each project to a specific folder only the code imported in that folder gets deployed. Deno and Deno Deploy make it easy to share code, create a shared folder in the mono-repo and import the code; that's it, no third party sharing system and no private npm modules. Serverless Functions Serverless functions share a lot with edge functions, but you usually code in Node rather than a V8 browser runtime. However, they can have a cold start, meaning the code does not run the second it's called, unlike edge functions which happen straight away. Many providers offer serverless functions, but we will focus on AWS Lambda as it is one of the most common. Lambda functions are used for many different solutions, but they need to be paired with an API Gateway when building an API. It turns out AWS have a service for that, too 😉. When creating Lambda functions in the AWS console, they offer options to connect an endpoint in a new or existing API Gateway , making setup a breeze. If you are used to building monoliths and everything in one place, this can seem confusing. However, it simply boils down to your API Gateway containing all your routes, and each Lambda function is the controller for the route. Before we dive deeper into how this works, let's look at how Lambda functions are structured. I have stolen one of the AWS HTTP templates for updating DynamoDB : const AWS = require('aws-sdk'); const dynamo = new AWS.DynamoDB.DocumentClient(); /** * Demonstrates a simple HTTP endpoint using API Gateway. You have full * access to the request and response payload, including headers and * status code. * * To scan a DynamoDB table, make a GET request with the TableName as a * query string parameter. To put, update, or delete an item, make a POST, * PUT, or DELETE request respectively, passing in the payload to the * DynamoDB API as a JSON body. */ exports.handler = async (event, context) => { //console.log('Received event:', JSON.stringify(event, null, 2)); let body; let statusCode = '200'; const headers = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', }; try { switch (event.httpMethod) { case 'DELETE': body = await dynamo.delete(JSON.parse(event.body)).promise(); break; case 'GET': body = await dynamo.scan({ TableName: event.queryStringParameters.TableName }).promise(); break; case 'POST': body = await dynamo.put(JSON.parse(event.body)).promise(); break; case 'PUT': body = await dynamo.update(JSON.parse(event.body)).promise(); break; default: throw new Error(`Unsupported method "${event.httpMethod}"`); } } catch (err) { statusCode = '400'; body = err.message; } finally { body = JSON.stringify(body); } return { statusCode, body, headers, }; }; AWS Lambda Snippet As you see here, the function responded to an event and accessed the HTTP method inside to see what type of request it was. Personally, the biggest hurdle I had when using serverless functions or edge computing was how there were no req, res and next functions like I was used to in ExpressJS. Thankfully, though, there are many ways to import frameworks you're used to into Lambda. You also do not have to code in Node; other languages such as Python and Java are on offer too. Setting up serverless functions with an API Gateway can be done super quickly using the AWS console, but a more extensive API with many endpoints would be time-consuming to set this up way. Enter tools like ClaudiaJS and Serverless . Claudia allows you to easily set up, deploy, and update code to AWS Lambda, making development and automating releases a breeze. If you want even more capabilities, check out Serverless. It makes deploying serverless functions to AWS easier, allowing you to access and deploy complete AWS services outside of Lambda. Serverless goes even further and has setups for Google Cloud Functions and Azure Functions. Setting up an API made of serverless functions can be tricky the first time, so remember API Gateway for your routes and serverless functions for your controllers. Serverless Containers Lastly, we come to serverless containers. I have used Docker containers myself for five years, and I love them. It's great to build something locally, and it runs the same on the server or any other computer that uses it. Need something to be running all the time? Can't afford to deal with cold starts on your API requests or be limited by serverless functions memory or timeout limits? Then containers are for you. Most people tend to reach for Kubernetes or spin up their servers, install Docker, and deploy their images onto the server. These options will tend to be overkill unless you are running extensive backend infrastructure, which, let's be honest, is not all of us. Though, if you are deploying across multiple cloud providers, Kubernetes might be for you. I like to focus on features and quality, not infrastructure, config and deployments. AWS services ECS and ECR are great for this. ECR is a repository for uploading your Docker containers, and ECS spins up each container. You connect them to API Gateway or an Application Load Balancer to expose your API to the outside world. To set up your ECS deployment, you create a task for the docker image, defining setups such as memory and ports. You then create a cluster in ECS and create a Service for each Task. Services are responsible for auto-scaling Tasks based on traffic or memory usage, spinning up new versions when replacing the docker image and exposing the image to the outside world. Setting up ECS does take a while the first time, but after the setup, you add in code pipelines from AWS to auto-deploy updated code when pushing to your Git repository. After setting up your Cluster, you connect it to the outside world in a few different ways. One approach is to connect it to an Application Load Balancer and set up rules in Load Balancer to connect different URL routes to each service. I usually have a few services running in a cluster. For example, my last Cluster contained the following services: Measure Service: My service for handling carbon calculations and tracking consumption and cost of utilities. It was connected to the load balancer, and any request that came through "myapi.com/measure" was sent here. Image Service: My service for handling image uploads and processing. It was connected to the load balancer, and any request that came through "myapi.com/image" was sent here. Notifications Service: The service for sending emails and push notifications but not connected to the Load Balancer. The other services can call it as they're all on the same VPC (Virtual Private Network), which means I did not need to write the same notification code in the Image or Measure Service. AWS has some overviews on setting up ECS and what you can connect it to. If you are looking for a more in-depth tutorial on deploying a Node app from scratch, you can check out this tutorial by Raphael . In Summary While each option here deserves its own blog post to cover its entire setup, benefits, and quirks, you at least have a good overview of what is available. I love the advancement of serverless and not having to think about servers at all. Serverless functions, and new kids on the block like Cloudflare Workers, means we are close to never having to think about servers or backend configs again. It's great to focus on code to fix problems, which gets tested, reviewed and deployed the second your PR gets approved in Github. If you have not tried serverless or edge functions, you should try them for your next API. Read more Design First, AI Never In the age of vibe-coding, how can we convince teams to invest in design before building APIs? Also in this newsletter: OpenAPI 3.3, Reddit's microservices architecture, an update to Speakeasy for OpenApi 3.2.0, and more! By Alexander Karan 15 Dec 2025 Zero-Downtime Migration from Laravel Vapor to Laravel Cloud Move your Laravel API from Vapor to Cloud in phases, without making a complete hash of it and wishing you never bothered. By Phil Sturgeon 08 Dec 2025 NestJS: Bad, or Really Bad? 😉 In this newsletter: the Resty library for APIs in Golang, a new Bruno release, an interview with Kin Lane, and API Schema Automation for devs By Alexander Karan 01 Dec 2025 Building a Sustainable Future in APIs with Kin Lane Kin Lane drops by to talk to Phil Sturgeon about his new startup, the changing landscape of API tech, why REST fundamentals are still important, and building sustainable API tools. By Mike Bifulco 01 Dec 2025 Sign up About Powered by Ghost Are you ready to build APIs You Won't Hate? Join now to subscribe to our twice-monthly newsletter, access to our Slack Channel, and other subscriber benefits. Unsubscribe any time. Subscribe | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://apisyouwonthate.com/blog/modern-api-deployment-options-in-the-cloud#/portal/ | Modern API Deployment Options in the Cloud Newsletter Articles Books Podcast Membership Sign in Subscribe Modern API Deployment Options in the Cloud Alexander Karan 04 May 2022 — 8 min read How do you deploy your API, and what's the best way to structure it? Front-end frameworks have come a long way in recent years, making it easy to spin up and deploy a website/web app. However, I find the noise caused by many strong opinions sometimes clouds the equal and fantastic progress made on letting developers quickly deploy an API. I'm going to cover a few ways you can build and deploy an API to get your MVP into the hands of your users as quickly as possible. I will approach these deployments from the mindset of building a REST API, as I find this is the most accessible format when thinking about structure and deployments. Don't build one from scratch Getting features, demos, and MVPs into users' hands is more important than the tech stack, language or processes you use. Users don't care how you built it; they care about the features and how well it works. Firebase has come on in leaps and bounds over the last few years and allows you to knock together a backend for your API quickly. Time and time again, I see people building out an API for simple CRUD operations. Don't make your life difficult. Why build and maintain a whole backend for simple operations? Firebase also allows for a more complex setup giving you the ability to write cloud functions which respond to changes, and run code based on data changes in the database made by your front-end. If you're looking for an open-source alternative to Firebase, Supabase is a great companion. Plus, they have a great tag line: Create a backend in less than 2 minutes. Another tool to deploy backends with hardly any code is AWS Amplify . You are given tools for authentication and data storage, serving web pages, and connecting to other AWS services. Amplify also comes with a nifty setup they call Studio, allowing you to manage app users and edit content. There are some great tools out there for putting together backends. Managing dev ops, servers, and other backend infrastructure can be a pain sometimes. Assess if there is a need to put together a full-fledge backend/API before starting. We don't all need to be Stripe 😉 Deploy on the Edge Edge computing has me excited; so many cool things are happening in this space. Deploying an API on edge is like writing serverless functions, with the main difference being you deploy to the edge network, and they tend to run on top of the V8 JavaScript runtime. I love this approach as you get to write endpoints as functions and forget about everything else. There are a few providers in this space. One of the most notable is Cloudflare Workers , and you can write in Rust, C, and C++, not just JavaScript. They have some great examples of starter projects to get you going, They also have an excellent course on building a serverless API with Cloudflare Workers on EggHead . I also love Deno Deploy , a one-click deploy service for Deno . It allows you to instantly deploy JavaScript on the edge every time you push code to Github. Forget servers, forget vendor lock-in and push JavaScript all the livelong day. This is an example of how simple it can be to deploy a Rest API. I have set up a single route using Oak (an HTTP framework for Deno) that returns an estimated carbon footprint for the provided electricity consumption. import { Application, Router } from "https://deno.land/x/oak/mod.ts"; const port = 3011; const router = new Router(); router.get("/electricity", (ctx) => { const factor = 0.759; const kwh = Number(ctx.request.url.searchParams.get("kwh")); if (kwh) { const carbon = kwh * factor; const inTonnes = carbon / 1000; ctx.response.body = JSON.stringify({ carbon: inTonnes, unit: "tCO2e", }); } else { ctx.response.status = 400; ctx.response.body = JSON.stringify({ error: { message: "kWh have not been supplied in the query", }, }); } }); const app = new Application(); app.use(router.routes()); app.use(router.allowedMethods()); app.addEventListener("listen", () => console.log(`Listening on http://localhost:${port}`) ); await app.listen({ port }); Full Deno Code Example To deploy with Deno Deploy, you need to sign up here and make sure you have committed your API to Github. Then connect Deno Deploy to your Github account once you sign up, select the correct repository, select the entry file and then you're all good to go. Any changes, push code to the main branch, and they go live. All PRs created in the repository will come with a deploy preview URL. You can check out my demo API in full here. Change the query to your electricity consumption in kWh to get your estimated footprint. The question of how to structure your projects is the next hurdle, and this is where breaking them down into microservices would be essential. For example, for this project, I could point to a subdomain, "calculator.alexanderkaran.com", and build out more functionality for working out the footprint for gas or water usage. Each function could be at a different subroute, i.e. "/gas" or "/water"; however, If I wanted to build functionality for testing appliance efficiency. I would create this as a whole new project and point a new subdomain at it, for example, "appliances.alexanderkaran.com". Another great part of Deno Deploy is keeping all the services in one repo is easy; you point each project to a specific folder only the code imported in that folder gets deployed. Deno and Deno Deploy make it easy to share code, create a shared folder in the mono-repo and import the code; that's it, no third party sharing system and no private npm modules. Serverless Functions Serverless functions share a lot with edge functions, but you usually code in Node rather than a V8 browser runtime. However, they can have a cold start, meaning the code does not run the second it's called, unlike edge functions which happen straight away. Many providers offer serverless functions, but we will focus on AWS Lambda as it is one of the most common. Lambda functions are used for many different solutions, but they need to be paired with an API Gateway when building an API. It turns out AWS have a service for that, too 😉. When creating Lambda functions in the AWS console, they offer options to connect an endpoint in a new or existing API Gateway , making setup a breeze. If you are used to building monoliths and everything in one place, this can seem confusing. However, it simply boils down to your API Gateway containing all your routes, and each Lambda function is the controller for the route. Before we dive deeper into how this works, let's look at how Lambda functions are structured. I have stolen one of the AWS HTTP templates for updating DynamoDB : const AWS = require('aws-sdk'); const dynamo = new AWS.DynamoDB.DocumentClient(); /** * Demonstrates a simple HTTP endpoint using API Gateway. You have full * access to the request and response payload, including headers and * status code. * * To scan a DynamoDB table, make a GET request with the TableName as a * query string parameter. To put, update, or delete an item, make a POST, * PUT, or DELETE request respectively, passing in the payload to the * DynamoDB API as a JSON body. */ exports.handler = async (event, context) => { //console.log('Received event:', JSON.stringify(event, null, 2)); let body; let statusCode = '200'; const headers = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', }; try { switch (event.httpMethod) { case 'DELETE': body = await dynamo.delete(JSON.parse(event.body)).promise(); break; case 'GET': body = await dynamo.scan({ TableName: event.queryStringParameters.TableName }).promise(); break; case 'POST': body = await dynamo.put(JSON.parse(event.body)).promise(); break; case 'PUT': body = await dynamo.update(JSON.parse(event.body)).promise(); break; default: throw new Error(`Unsupported method "${event.httpMethod}"`); } } catch (err) { statusCode = '400'; body = err.message; } finally { body = JSON.stringify(body); } return { statusCode, body, headers, }; }; AWS Lambda Snippet As you see here, the function responded to an event and accessed the HTTP method inside to see what type of request it was. Personally, the biggest hurdle I had when using serverless functions or edge computing was how there were no req, res and next functions like I was used to in ExpressJS. Thankfully, though, there are many ways to import frameworks you're used to into Lambda. You also do not have to code in Node; other languages such as Python and Java are on offer too. Setting up serverless functions with an API Gateway can be done super quickly using the AWS console, but a more extensive API with many endpoints would be time-consuming to set this up way. Enter tools like ClaudiaJS and Serverless . Claudia allows you to easily set up, deploy, and update code to AWS Lambda, making development and automating releases a breeze. If you want even more capabilities, check out Serverless. It makes deploying serverless functions to AWS easier, allowing you to access and deploy complete AWS services outside of Lambda. Serverless goes even further and has setups for Google Cloud Functions and Azure Functions. Setting up an API made of serverless functions can be tricky the first time, so remember API Gateway for your routes and serverless functions for your controllers. Serverless Containers Lastly, we come to serverless containers. I have used Docker containers myself for five years, and I love them. It's great to build something locally, and it runs the same on the server or any other computer that uses it. Need something to be running all the time? Can't afford to deal with cold starts on your API requests or be limited by serverless functions memory or timeout limits? Then containers are for you. Most people tend to reach for Kubernetes or spin up their servers, install Docker, and deploy their images onto the server. These options will tend to be overkill unless you are running extensive backend infrastructure, which, let's be honest, is not all of us. Though, if you are deploying across multiple cloud providers, Kubernetes might be for you. I like to focus on features and quality, not infrastructure, config and deployments. AWS services ECS and ECR are great for this. ECR is a repository for uploading your Docker containers, and ECS spins up each container. You connect them to API Gateway or an Application Load Balancer to expose your API to the outside world. To set up your ECS deployment, you create a task for the docker image, defining setups such as memory and ports. You then create a cluster in ECS and create a Service for each Task. Services are responsible for auto-scaling Tasks based on traffic or memory usage, spinning up new versions when replacing the docker image and exposing the image to the outside world. Setting up ECS does take a while the first time, but after the setup, you add in code pipelines from AWS to auto-deploy updated code when pushing to your Git repository. After setting up your Cluster, you connect it to the outside world in a few different ways. One approach is to connect it to an Application Load Balancer and set up rules in Load Balancer to connect different URL routes to each service. I usually have a few services running in a cluster. For example, my last Cluster contained the following services: Measure Service: My service for handling carbon calculations and tracking consumption and cost of utilities. It was connected to the load balancer, and any request that came through "myapi.com/measure" was sent here. Image Service: My service for handling image uploads and processing. It was connected to the load balancer, and any request that came through "myapi.com/image" was sent here. Notifications Service: The service for sending emails and push notifications but not connected to the Load Balancer. The other services can call it as they're all on the same VPC (Virtual Private Network), which means I did not need to write the same notification code in the Image or Measure Service. AWS has some overviews on setting up ECS and what you can connect it to. If you are looking for a more in-depth tutorial on deploying a Node app from scratch, you can check out this tutorial by Raphael . In Summary While each option here deserves its own blog post to cover its entire setup, benefits, and quirks, you at least have a good overview of what is available. I love the advancement of serverless and not having to think about servers at all. Serverless functions, and new kids on the block like Cloudflare Workers, means we are close to never having to think about servers or backend configs again. It's great to focus on code to fix problems, which gets tested, reviewed and deployed the second your PR gets approved in Github. If you have not tried serverless or edge functions, you should try them for your next API. Read more Design First, AI Never In the age of vibe-coding, how can we convince teams to invest in design before building APIs? Also in this newsletter: OpenAPI 3.3, Reddit's microservices architecture, an update to Speakeasy for OpenApi 3.2.0, and more! By Alexander Karan 15 Dec 2025 Zero-Downtime Migration from Laravel Vapor to Laravel Cloud Move your Laravel API from Vapor to Cloud in phases, without making a complete hash of it and wishing you never bothered. By Phil Sturgeon 08 Dec 2025 NestJS: Bad, or Really Bad? 😉 In this newsletter: the Resty library for APIs in Golang, a new Bruno release, an interview with Kin Lane, and API Schema Automation for devs By Alexander Karan 01 Dec 2025 Building a Sustainable Future in APIs with Kin Lane Kin Lane drops by to talk to Phil Sturgeon about his new startup, the changing landscape of API tech, why REST fundamentals are still important, and building sustainable API tools. By Mike Bifulco 01 Dec 2025 Sign up About Powered by Ghost Are you ready to build APIs You Won't Hate? Join now to subscribe to our twice-monthly newsletter, access to our Slack Channel, and other subscriber benefits. Unsubscribe any time. Subscribe | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/coderabbit-startup-program | Announcing CodeRabbit Startup Program Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Announcing CodeRabbit Startup Program by Aravind Putrevu Announcements English September 30, 2024 3 min read September 30, 2024 3 min read CodeRabbit Startup Program What's included in the Startup Program? Eligibility Criteria Benefits of using AI-powered Code Reviews Getting Started with the Startup Program Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://stackoverflow.co/advertising/resources/advertising-policies/ | Stack Overflow advertising policy - Stack Overflow Business Stack Internal Stack Data Licensing Stack Ads Partnerships Resources Learn Solution resources Stack Internal Stack Ads Blog Research insights Support Stack Internal Help Legal policies Talk to an expert Product guides & insights Product overview Why you can rely on Stack Overflow for brand safe advertising Guide to effective banner ads in employer branding What is topic tag targeting on Stack Overflow? Banner advertising Use cases Customer stories Community insights Developer Survey Pulse Survey Advertising best practices Developer advertising strategy Practical campaign tips Talent best practices Employer branding strategy Recruiting Collectives™ Getting started How to guides Resources Product guides & insights Product overview Stack Overflow advertising policy Learn about the advertising policies on Stack Overflow. Table of contents Our users come first Types of Advertisers Targeting Measuring Advertising formats User control Our users come first Putting our users first has always been part of the fabric of Stack Overflow and the advertising business specifically. We will be transparent with our users on what we’re offering related to advertising and provide a feedback mechanism for them to raise concerns. When appropriate we will directly respond to users to understand the root cause of their feedback. We will also give the users the control of what categories of advertisement they want to see. You can email feedback to: advertising@stackoverflow.com Types of Advertisers We only run advertising campaigns with advertisers who have a product or service that developers could use when they are coding. This ensures advertising is relevant for our users. Advertisers must spend a minimum of $15,000 for one month or $10,000 for three months in order to run a campaign on Stack Overflow. This ensures that our users are seeing products or services from trusted companies. We believe advertising on our platform should be relevant to a site's content and its users. That's why we limit the types of advertising and advertisers that can run campaigns on Stack Overflow and our Stack Exchange sites. Targeting Advertisers can target their campaigns using topic tags. Advertisers can target by geography, which is identified through Google Ad Manager, based on a visitor’s IP address (which is truncated by Google). Advertisers can target by industry or company size, which is identified using IP address and matching that to Dunn & Bradstreet data. Measuring We allow advertisers to use MOAT, Doubleverify, and IAS tags on their campaigns to monitor for fraud. Advertising formats See this page for the latest on what advertising formats we allow on Stack Overflow. We do not allow autoplay video formats on Stack Overflow or Stack Exchange sites. User control We will not circumvent ad blockers on Stack Overflow and Stack Exchange. We are working on an update to user preferences on Stack Exchange that allows users to choose their ad experience (i.e. the type of ads they want to see) and give users the ability to flag an ad. Last updated February 12, 2024 Table of contents Our users come first Types of Advertisers Targeting Measuring Advertising formats User control Related resources Four global blockchain players increase engagement among niche developer audience Six leading cloud service providers leverage Stack Overflow Advertising to connect with developers Why you can rely on Stack Overflow for brand safe advertising What is topic tag targeting on Stack Overflow? Stay updated Subscribe to receive Stack Overflow Business content around knowledge sharing, collaboration, and AI. Receive updates Our Stack Stack Internal Features Customers Security Pricing Stack Data Licensing Stack Ads Partnerships Services Stack Overflow Company Leadership Press Careers Social Impact Support Contact Stack Overflow help Stack Internal help Terms Privacy policy Cookie policy Your Privacy Choices Elsewhere Blog Dev Newsletter Podcast Releases Dev Survey Site design / logo © 2026 Stack Exchange Inc. Light Dark Auto | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://docs.microsoft.com/visualstudio/mac/report-a-problem?view=vsmac-2019 | Visual Studio for Mac: Report issues & bugs - Visual Studio 2019 for Mac | Microsoft Learn Skip to main content Skip to Ask Learn chat experience This browser is no longer supported. Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. Download Microsoft Edge More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge Table of contents Exit editor mode Ask Learn Ask Learn Focus mode Table of contents Read in English Add Add to plan Share via Facebook x.com LinkedIn Email Print Note Access to this page requires authorization. You can try signing in or changing directories . Access to this page requires authorization. You can try changing directories . Report a problem or suggestions for Visual Studio for Mac Feedback Summarize this article for me In this article Applies to: Visual Studio for Mac Visual Studio If you experience a problem with Visual Studio for Mac, we want to know about it. Here's how to report the problem to Developer Community so that we can diagnose and fix it. How to report a problem To report a problem for Visual Studio for Mac, the best option is to initiate the report from Visual Studio for Mac. Reporting through Visual Studio for Mac allows for diagnostic information to be automatically included in the report. If you can't use Visual Studio for Mac (due to a crash, for example), you can report the issue directly on the Developer Community site. To report a problem with Visual Studio for Mac, select Help > Report a Problem from the menu bar: If you are not signed in, select Sign In ; it's on the right-hand side of the tool, as shown in the following screenshot. Follow the instructions on-screen to sign in. When you sign in, you can report a problem that you're experiencing. You can also vote or comment on any other problem that you see posted. Once signed in, you will be able to see your reported problems and solutions in the Followed problems and solutions screen Visual Studio for Mac provides an interface to search for your problem and see if others have reported it. If someone has reported it, you can click on the title and "up-vote" it to let us know. Note To search, enter your search terms into the search box and either click Enter or press the Search icon. If you don’t find the problem you encountered, choose Report a New Problem at the side of the screen. Create a descriptive title for the problem that helps us route it to the correct Visual Studio for Mac team. Give us any additional details, and if possible, provide us with the steps to reproduce the problem. Select Next to move to the Include Attachments tab. Here, you can capture your current screen to send it to Microsoft. To attach log files, click on the icon, or to attach additional screenshots and other files, click on the icon. Select Submit to send your report, along with any images and log files. For information about what data is collected, see Data we collect . Search for solutions or provide feedback If you don't want to, or can't, use Visual Studio for Mac to report a problem, there's a chance that the problem has already been reported and a solution posted on the Visual Studio Developer Community page. If you don't have a problem to report but want to suggest a feature, there's a place for that, too. For more information, see the Suggest a feature page. See also Report a problem with Visual Studio (on Windows) Additional resources Last updated on 2019-06-18 In this article en-us Your Privacy Choices Theme Light Dark High contrast AI Disclaimer Previous Versions Blog Contribute Privacy Terms of Use Trademarks © Microsoft 2026 | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
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https://dev.to/callstacktech | CallStack Tech - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions CallStack Tech We skip the "What is AI?" intro fluff. If you're shipping voice agents that handle real users, this is for you. Joined Joined on Dec 2, 2025 Personal website https://callstack.tech More info about @callstacktech Badges 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 72 posts published Comment 2 comments written Tag 9 tags followed How to Build a Voice AI Agent for HVAC Customer Support: My Experience CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 13 How to Build a Voice AI Agent for HVAC Customer Support: My Experience # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 14 min read Want to connect with CallStack Tech? Create an account to connect with CallStack Tech. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in How to Transcribe and Detect Intent Using Deepgram for STT: A Developer's Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 12 How to Transcribe and Detect Intent Using Deepgram for STT: A Developer's Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 11 min read Integrating HubSpot with Salesforce using Webhooks for Real-Time Data Synchronization CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 12 Integrating HubSpot with Salesforce using Webhooks for Real-Time Data Synchronization # api # webdev # tutorial # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 13 min read How to Build Custom Pipelines for Voice AI Integration: A Developer's Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 11 How to Build Custom Pipelines for Voice AI Integration: A Developer's Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 13 min read How to Set Up an AI Voice Agent for Customer Support in SaaS Applications CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 10 How to Set Up an AI Voice Agent for Customer Support in SaaS Applications # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 12 min read Build Your Own Voice Stack with Deepgram and PlayHT: A Practical Guide CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 10 Build Your Own Voice Stack with Deepgram and PlayHT: A Practical Guide # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 12 min read Build Your Own Voice Stack with Deepgram and PlayHT: A Developer's Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 10 Build Your Own Voice Stack with Deepgram and PlayHT: A Developer's Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 14 min read Implementing Real-Time Audio Streaming in VAPI: What I Learned CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 9 Implementing Real-Time Audio Streaming in VAPI: What I Learned # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 13 min read Deploying Custom Voice Models in VAPI for E-commerce: Key Insights CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 9 Deploying Custom Voice Models in VAPI for E-commerce: Key Insights # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 12 min read Implementing Real-Time Streaming with VAPI: Enhancing Customer Support with Voice AI CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 8 Implementing Real-Time Streaming with VAPI: Enhancing Customer Support with Voice AI # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 12 min read How to Set Up Voice AI Webhook Handling for Real Estate Inquiries Effectively CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 7 How to Set Up Voice AI Webhook Handling for Real Estate Inquiries Effectively # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 13 min read Integrate Twilio with CRM using Low-Code Tools like Zapier and Make: My Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 7 Integrate Twilio with CRM using Low-Code Tools like Zapier and Make: My Journey # api # webdev # tutorial # javascript Comments Add Comment 14 min read Implementing Real-Time Streaming with VAPI: My Journey to Voice AI Success CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 5 Implementing Real-Time Streaming with VAPI: My Journey to Voice AI Success # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 13 min read Integrate Voice AI with No-Code Tools and CRM for Automation: My Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 3 Integrate Voice AI with No-Code Tools and CRM for Automation: My Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 11 min read Secure Integration of Twilio, Zapier, and Railway for Compliance and Data Unification CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 2 Secure Integration of Twilio, Zapier, and Railway for Compliance and Data Unification # api # webdev # tutorial # javascript Comments Add Comment 13 min read Technical Implementation Focus Areas for Voice AI Integration: Key Insights CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 2 Technical Implementation Focus Areas for Voice AI Integration: Key Insights # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 12 min read How to Integrate Ethically with Retell AI and Bland AI: A Developer's Guide CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 1 How to Integrate Ethically with Retell AI and Bland AI: A Developer's Guide # ai # voicetech # api # tutorial Comments Add Comment 12 min read Creating Custom Voice Profiles in VAPI for E-commerce: Boosting Sales CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 1 Creating Custom Voice Profiles in VAPI for E-commerce: Boosting Sales # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 12 min read Integrate Voice AI with Salesforce for Sales Automation: A Real Developer's Guide CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 31 '25 Integrate Voice AI with Salesforce for Sales Automation: A Real Developer's Guide # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 14 min read Empathetic Meeting Booking: Integrate with HubSpot CRM Using AI Tools CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 30 '25 Empathetic Meeting Booking: Integrate with HubSpot CRM Using AI Tools # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 12 min read How to Monetize Voice AI Agents for SaaS Startups with VAPI: My Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 30 '25 How to Monetize Voice AI Agents for SaaS Startups with VAPI: My Journey # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 13 min read How to Test Multilingual and Contextual Memory for Intuitive Voice AI Agents CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 29 '25 How to Test Multilingual and Contextual Memory for Intuitive Voice AI Agents # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 14 min read How to Calculate ROI for Voice AI Agents in eCommerce: A Practical Guide CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 29 '25 How to Calculate ROI for Voice AI Agents in eCommerce: A Practical Guide # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 14 min read Retell AI Twilio Integration Tutorial: Build AI Voice Calls Step-by-Step CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 27 '25 Retell AI Twilio Integration Tutorial: Build AI Voice Calls Step-by-Step # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments 1 comment 13 min read Implementing Real-Time Emotion Detection in Voice AI: A Developer's Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 26 '25 Implementing Real-Time Emotion Detection in Voice AI: A Developer's Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 13 min read Scale Ethically: Implement Multilingual AI Voice Models with Data Privacy CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 26 '25 Scale Ethically: Implement Multilingual AI Voice Models with Data Privacy # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 13 min read How to Deploy a Voice AI Agent for HVAC Customer Inquiries: My Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 25 '25 How to Deploy a Voice AI Agent for HVAC Customer Inquiries: My Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 13 min read Building a HIPAA-Compliant Telehealth Solution with VAPI: My Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 25 '25 Building a HIPAA-Compliant Telehealth Solution with VAPI: My Journey # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 14 min read How to Prioritize Naturalness in Voice Cloning for Brand-Aligned Tones CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 24 '25 How to Prioritize Naturalness in Voice Cloning for Brand-Aligned Tones # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 14 min read Building a HIPAA-Compliant Telehealth Solution with VAPI: What I Learned CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 24 '25 Building a HIPAA-Compliant Telehealth Solution with VAPI: What I Learned # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 14 min read Building Custom Voice Profiles in VAPI for E-commerce: A Developer's Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 23 '25 Building Custom Voice Profiles in VAPI for E-commerce: A Developer's Journey # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 12 min read Integrate Node.js with Retell AI and Twilio: Lessons from My Setup CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 22 '25 Integrate Node.js with Retell AI and Twilio: Lessons from My Setup # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 12 min read Seamless Real-Time Multilingual Communication with Language Detection: My Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 22 '25 Seamless Real-Time Multilingual Communication with Language Detection: My Journey # ai # tutorial # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 11 min read How to Build a Prompt for Voice AI with Contact and Memory: A Developer's Guide CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 21 '25 How to Build a Prompt for Voice AI with Contact and Memory: A Developer's Guide # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 14 min read Create Voice Flows with SDKs and Low-Code Builders for Non-Engineers CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 20 '25 Create Voice Flows with SDKs and Low-Code Builders for Non-Engineers # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 12 min read How to Deploy a Voice AI Agent Using Railway for eCommerce Success CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 20 '25 How to Deploy a Voice AI Agent Using Railway for eCommerce Success # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 11 min read Implementing Real-Time Streaming with VAPI for Live Support Chat Systems CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 19 '25 Implementing Real-Time Streaming with VAPI for Live Support Chat Systems # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 14 min read Build Voice AI Applications with No-Code: Retell AI Guide to Success CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 18 '25 Build Voice AI Applications with No-Code: Retell AI Guide to Success # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 12 min read Rapid Prototyping with Retell AI: A No-Code Builder Guide to Voice Apps CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 18 '25 Rapid Prototyping with Retell AI: A No-Code Builder Guide to Voice Apps # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 11 min read Contact Center Automation: Build Inbound/Outbound AI Agents with Twilio CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 18 '25 Contact Center Automation: Build Inbound/Outbound AI Agents with Twilio # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments 2 comments 12 min read Implementing VAD and Turn-Taking for Natural Voice AI Flow: My Experience CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 17 '25 Implementing VAD and Turn-Taking for Natural Voice AI Flow: My Experience # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 12 min read Quick CRM Integrations with Retell AI's No-Code Tools: My Experience CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 16 '25 Quick CRM Integrations with Retell AI's No-Code Tools: My Experience # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 14 min read Integrating Deepgram for Real-Time ASR in Voice Agent Pipelines: A Developer's Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 15 '25 Integrating Deepgram for Real-Time ASR in Voice Agent Pipelines: A Developer's Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 12 min read How to Adapt Tone to User Sentiment in Voice AI and Integrate Calendar Checks CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 15 '25 How to Adapt Tone to User Sentiment in Voice AI and Integrate Calendar Checks # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 12 min read Rapid Deployment of AI Voice Agents Using No-Code Builders CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 15 '25 Rapid Deployment of AI Voice Agents Using No-Code Builders # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 10 min read Monetize Voice AI Solutions for eCommerce Using VAPI Effectively CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 14 '25 Monetize Voice AI Solutions for eCommerce Using VAPI Effectively # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 13 min read Implementing Real-Time Audio Streaming in VAPI: Use Cases CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 14 '25 Implementing Real-Time Audio Streaming in VAPI: Use Cases # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 10 min read Top Advancements in Building Human-Like Voice Agents for Developers CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 14 '25 Top Advancements in Building Human-Like Voice Agents for Developers # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 11 min read Implementing PII Detection and Redaction in Voice AI Systems CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 13 '25 Implementing PII Detection and Redaction in Voice AI Systems # implementingpiidetectionandred # piiredactiontranscripts # conversationalintelligenceoper # dualchannelaudioprocessing Comments Add Comment 14 min read Rapid Prototyping with No-Code Tools: Build AI Voice Agents CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 13 '25 Rapid Prototyping with No-Code Tools: Build AI Voice Agents # rapidprototypingwithnocodetool # voiceactivitydetectionvad # retrievalaugmentedgenerationra # texttospeechtts Comments Add Comment 11 min read Boost CSAT with VAD, Backchanneling, and Sentiment Routing CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 13 '25 Boost CSAT with VAD, Backchanneling, and Sentiment Routing # boostcsatwithvadbackchanneling # voiceactivitydetectionvad # turntakingmodels # voicecloning Comments Add Comment 10 min read How to Connect VAPI to Google Calendar for Appointment Scheduling CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 13 '25 How to Connect VAPI to Google Calendar for Appointment Scheduling # howtoconnectvapitogooglecalend # googlecalendartools # vapiassistanttoolsarray # oauthtokenmapping Comments Add Comment 12 min read Scaling VAPI for High Traffic: Load Balancing Best Practices CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 12 '25 Scaling VAPI for High Traffic: Load Balancing Best Practices # scalingvapiforhightrafficloadb # autoscaling # latencyoptimization # webhookverification Comments Add Comment 13 min read How to Create Production-Ready Builds with Voice AI Tools CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 12 '25 How to Create Production-Ready Builds with Voice AI Tools # howtocreateproductionreadybuil # voiceaiagents # speechrecognitionasr # texttospeechtts Comments Add Comment 11 min read How to Prioritize Naturalness in Voice AI: Implement VAD CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 12 '25 How to Prioritize Naturalness in Voice AI: Implement VAD # howtoprioritizenaturalnessinvo # voiceactivitydetectionvad # turntakingendofturndetection # backchannelinglistenercues Comments Add Comment 11 min read Deploy Low-Code/No-Code Voice AI Agents in Under a Week CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 12 '25 Deploy Low-Code/No-Code Voice AI Agents in Under a Week # deploylowcodenocodevoiceaiagen # voicecloning # realtimespeechrecognition # conversationalpathways Comments Add Comment 11 min read Rapid Deployment with No-Code Builders: A Guide to Retell AI CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 11 '25 Rapid Deployment with No-Code Builders: A Guide to Retell AI # rapiddeploymentwithnocodebuild # nocodevoiceaiplatform # aivoiceagentbuilder # conversationalaideployment Comments Add Comment 13 min read Implement Omni-Channel Strategies for Voice Agents: SMS, Chat, and More CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 11 '25 Implement Omni-Channel Strategies for Voice Agents: SMS, Chat, and More # implementomnichannelstrategies # omnichannelcustomerengagement # voiceaiintegration # conversationalaiplatforms Comments Add Comment 12 min read How to Implement Voice AI with Twilio and VAPI: A Step-by-Step Guide CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 11 '25 How to Implement Voice AI with Twilio and VAPI: A Step-by-Step Guide # howtoimplementvoiceaiwithtwili # twilioprogrammablevoice # vapivoiceaiintegration # voiceaiagentdevelopment Comments Add Comment 14 min read Implementing Real-Time Streaming with VAPI: Build Voice Apps CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Dec 10 '25 Implementing Real-Time Streaming with VAPI: Build Voice Apps # implementingrealtimestreamingw # realtimevoicestreamingapi # interactivevoiceresponseivrsys # voiceapplicationdevelopment Comments Add Comment 11 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.fine.dev/blog/safe-ai-coding | Why Fine Is the Safest Way to Use AI for Dev Work on Your Codebase Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back Why Fine Is the Safest Way to Use AI for Dev Work on Your Codebase If you’ve heard cautionary tales—or perhaps even experienced them firsthand—about other AI coding tools creating more problems than they solve, you’re not alone. The idea of turning code over to an automated system can naturally raise red flags. However, the team behind Fine recognized that concern from the start and built a robust set of safety features to give you peace of mind. Here’s why Fine is the safest bet for integrating AI into your development workflow: 1. A Git Workflow That Puts You in Control Unlike other AI coding solutions that may silently push changes directly into your main branch, Fine operates on its own dedicated branch for each task. That means: Regular commits : As Fine works on your code, it commits changes often so you’ll always know exactly what it’s doing. Pull requests only : Fine never merges its changes automatically. Instead, it opens a Pull Request (PR) that you can review and approve (or reject) at your discretion. This Git-based safeguard ensures that you remain the ultimate gatekeeper of your codebase, helping you maintain clarity and control at all times. 2. “Think Before You Act” Implementation Plans Before Fine starts typing a single line of code, it takes the time to fully understand your request: Contextual awareness : Fine analyzes your existing codebase, looking for any relevant classes, functions, or files it needs to touch. Clear outline : It then presents you with an “Implementation Plan”—a roadmap detailing exactly how it intends to solve the task, including which files will be changed and what logic updates it proposes. By previewing the plan, you gain insight into Fine’s approach before any actual changes are made, minimizing the risk of surprises. 3. Familiar Line Change Summaries Every step in the Implementation Plan comes with a line-by-line summary of the modifications Fine intends to make: Concise diffs : The changes are displayed in a format you’re already used to from code reviews—lines marked with pluses and minuses. Easier reviews : At any moment, you can quickly compare the old and new versions of your files without sifting through an unfamiliar UI. This transparency speeds up reviews, letting you quickly spot improvements or potential issues. 4. Color-Coded, Highlighted Changes In Fine’s workspace, every single edit is highlighted in red or green—just like you’d expect in your typical PR. That color-coded clarity makes it simple to: Pinpoint modifications : Immediately identify which lines were altered, removed, or added. Confirm accuracy : Spot check complex changes to ensure they align with your coding standards and project requirements. It’s a small detail that makes a world of difference in ensuring you remain fully informed. 5. One-Click Rollback We all change our minds sometimes, or realize that a prior version of the code was actually more efficient. Fine bakes in easy rollback: Multiple checkpoints : Because Fine commits regularly, you can step back to an earlier commit if you decide the latest set of changes isn’t quite right. Rapid course-correction : This rollback function means there’s no penalty for experimentation—if Fine’s solution isn’t perfect on the first try, you can revert with a single click. Why Other AI Tools Can Be Risky While there are plenty of AI coding tools on the market, not all of them offer the same level of safety and control. Two common pitfalls include: IDE Tools Are Dependent on Your Commits Some AI-powered IDE integrations rely heavily on users committing any changes the AI makes. If they introduce a modification you don’t notice, it can get rolled into your next commit—potentially deleting files or introducing other unintended issues without your immediate awareness. Extensions Often Lack Codebase Awareness Many extensions operate in isolation from the broader context of your repository. Without full awareness of your entire codebase, they may suggest changes that inadvertently break functionality, create merge conflicts, or lead to additional bugs. These risks underscore why it’s crucial to use an AI tool that’s not only powerful but also designed with guardrails—like Fine. Conclusion When it comes to integrating AI into your development process, safety and control matter just as much as raw coding power. Fine’s built-in guardrails—from dedicated branches and pull requests to meticulous Implementation Plans and line-by-line diffs—ensure you remain in the driver’s seat. You’ll get the benefits of rapid, AI-accelerated development without the anxiety of unexpected code breaks or runaway commits. Ready to experience AI-assisted coding without the worry? With Fine, you can trust that your codebase is protected at every step. Dive into your next dev task confidently, knowing that Fine has your back—and your code’s integrity—covered. Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
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https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/how-coderabbits-agentic-code-validation-helps-with-code-reviews | How CodeRabbit's agentic code validation helps with code reviews Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy How CodeRabbit's Agentic Code Validation helps with code reviews by Ewa Szyszka English Featured November 25, 2025 5 min read November 25, 2025 5 min read From PRD to PR in days (not weeks) The AI-generated code crisis nobody's talking about Why did reasoning models change everything? What makes review more "agentic"? How CodeRabbit closes the AI code trust gap Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
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https://www.fine.dev/blog/moving-towards-natural-language-coding | Moving Towards Natural Language Coding: Analyzing GitHub's Copilot, Copilot Workspace, and Fine. Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back Moving Towards Natural Language Coding: Analyzing GitHub's Copilot, Copilot Workspace, and Fine. The transition from traditional coding methods to AI-assisted platforms marks a significant leap forward in software engineering. Tools like GitHub Copilot and Copilot Workspace are pioneering a new era where artificial intelligence collaborates with developers to streamline the coding process. GitHub's Copilot vs. Copilot Workspace: GitHub Copilot stands as a trailblazer in the field of AI-assisted development. It offers developers support by providing coding suggestions and completing lines of code based on natural language prompts. While it has proven invaluable in enhancing coding efficiency, Copilot does have its limitations, primarily focused on line-by-line assistance. Enter Copilot Workspace, a revolutionary development in AI-assisted coding. Unlike its predecessor, Copilot Workspace is not just a code completion tool; it's a reimagined developer “inner loop”. In the simplest way - it lets developers focus on task selection, expressing intent, and collaboration with AI to find solutions, practically functioning as another team member. Drawing a clear distinction between GitHub Copilot and Copilot Workspace is crucial. While Copilot excels at line-by-line coding assistance, Copilot Workspace takes a leap forward, providing a more comprehensive approach to task completion. It's a significant evolution towards full-task AI assistance, demonstrating the potential of AI in handling complex development tasks beyond simple code suggestions. The Natural Language Coding Paradigm The shift towards Natural Language Coding is more than a technological evolution; it represents a fundamental change in how developers interact with their tools. The concept of AI agents collaborating seamlessly with human developers is becoming a reality, reshaping the landscape of software development. Copilot Workspace embodies this paradigm shift, showcasing the importance of AI in making coding a more intuitive and collaborative process. Why Fine Excels in the Natural Language Coding Era Fine is in the forefront of this Natural Language Coding paradigm, a company dedicated to building AI agents with extensive task completion capabilities. Fine excels in harnessing the power of AI to assist developers in complex tasks, offering innovative features that redefine the coding experience: Seamless Team Integration: Fine's AI agents seamlessly join your development team, handling repository-wide tasks, allowing your team to focus on innovation. Automation of Mundane and Complex Tasks: Fine's AI agents automate both routine and intricate development tasks, working iteratively with your existing tools to maximize code quality. Custom-Built for Your Project: Every Fine AI agent is customized to your coding standards, project requirements, and team preferences, ensuring adaptability to your exact needs. Understanding Business Requirements: Fine's AI agents go beyond code generation, comprehending business requirements to analyze the entire codebase, create plans, and generate code and tests. Continuous Learning and Adaptation: Fine's AI agents learn and adapt with every edit, understanding your coding style, formatting, and templates, evolving with your codebase like a human collaborator. As we transition into the Natural Language Coding era, the transformative potential of using AI more fully in software development becomes evident. Tools like Copilot Workspace and companies like Fine are leading the way, demonstrating the collaborative synergy between human developers and AI agents. The importance of this transition cannot be overstated—it marks a significant milestone in making coding more intuitive, efficient, and collaborative, setting the stage for the future of software development. Book a meeting with us today to learn more. Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/visualstudio/author/jbevain | Jb Evain, Author at Visual Studio Blog Skip to main content Microsoft Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Home Developer Microsoft for Developers Visual Studio Visual Studio Code Develop from the cloud All things Azure Xcode DevOps Windows Developer ISE Developer Azure SDK Command Line Aspire Technology DirectX Semantic Kernel Languages C++ C# F# TypeScript PowerShell Team Python Java Java Blog in Chinese Go .NET All .NET posts .NET Aspire .NET MAUI AI ASP.NET Core Blazor Entity Framework NuGet Servicing .NET Blog in Chinese Platform Development #ifdef Windows Microsoft Foundry Azure Government Azure VM Runtime Team Bing Dev Center Microsoft Edge Dev Microsoft Azure Microsoft 365 Developer Microsoft Entra Identity Developer Old New Thing Power Platform Data Development Azure Cosmos DB Azure Data Studio Azure SQL OData Revolutions R Unified Data Model (IDEAs) Microsoft Entra PowerShell More Search Search No results Cancel Dev Blogs Visual Studio Blog Jb Evain Jb Evain Principal Software Engineering Manager, Visual Studio Tools for Unity Jb runs the Visual Studio Tools for Unity experience. He has a passion for developer tools and programming languages and enjoys working with game developers. Author Topics No tags found. Posts by this author Aug 3, 2023 Post comments count 9 Post likes count 15 Announcing the Unity extension for Visual Studio Code Today we are thrilled to announce a preview of the Unity extension for Visual Studio Code. Remember when we launched the first preview of C# Dev Kit this past June? It delivers an editor-centric approach that elevates your C# development in Visual Studio Code with great features including a native Test Explorer, a dedicated Solution Explorer, an... Feb 11, 2020 Post comments count 0 Post likes count 0 Making our Unity Analyzers Open-Source Making our Unity Analyzers in visual studio Open-Source Visual Studio C# Unity Aug 16, 2018 Post comments count 0 Post likes count 0 Save with the Unity Pro and Visual Studio Professional Bundle The combination of Visual Studio and Unity provides a top-notch experience for game development across a variety of platforms and devices. While we offer no cost software for those just starting out, as your team’s size and success grows, so does the need for professional tools. We’re happy to announce in partnership with Unity Technologies, you... .NET Visual Studio Azure May 10, 2018 Post comments count 0 Post likes count 0 Visual Studio and Unity 2018.1, even better together The Visual Studio team is excited about the Unity 2018.1 release: It's the start of a new release cycle packed with great new features like the Scriptable Render Pipeline and the C# Job System. You can read the full blog post by Unity for all the details on what’s new in the 2018.1 release. First and foremost, we're thrilled Unity chose Visual S... .NET Debugging and Diagnostics Unity Jan 9, 2018 Post comments count 0 Post likes count 0 Visual Studio for Mac as the default editor for Unity Unity is a powerful solution to create games for a multitude of platforms, from mobiles to consoles, desktop and web games. Since Unity 5.2, Visual Studio and the Visual Studio Tools for Unity have been the default experience on Windows. When we released Visual Studio for Mac last year, Unity was among the first scenarios we supported out of the... .NET Visual Studio Debugging and Diagnostics Nov 17, 2016 Post comments count 0 Post likes count 0 Visual Studio Tools for Unity 3 Preview Today at Connect() we announced the release of the Visual Studio Tools for Unity 3 Preview. VSTU is Microsoft’s free Visual Studio add-on that enables a rich programming and debugging experience for working with the Unity gaming tools and platform. VSTU 3 Preview is part of the «Game Development with Unity» workload that you can install from the... 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https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/north-pole-incident-report-why-santa-now-uses-ai-code-reviews | North Pole incident report: Why Santa now uses AI code reviews Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy North Pole incident report: Why Santa now uses AI code reviews by Emily Lint English Featured December 21, 2025 3 min read December 21, 2025 3 min read Executive summary Incident timeline Root cause Impact Why Santa adopted AI code reviews Benefits achieved: Corrective actions Closing Notes from Santa Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
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Data Platform Pricing Hunter Blog About us Our data Connect with any professional. Hunter is your all-in-one email outreach platform. Find and connect with the people that matter to your business. Get started for free See our plans No credit card required. Free plan. Trusted by leading companies. 01. Data Identify relevant leads and find their contact details. In seconds . Hunter uses a combination of proprietary technology and artificial intelligence to find, verify, and enrich contact details. Discover. Identify relevant leads based on your ideal customer profile. Find companies Domain Search. Find the best person to contact from a company name or website. Try it now No account required. Email Finder. Type a name, get a verified email address. Our high match rate helps you get the most from your lists. Find Email No account required. Email Verifier. Avoid bounces and protect your sender reputation. Verify Email No account required. 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https://stackoverflow.com/jobs/companies/ford-motor-company | Ford Motor Company - Stack Overflow Skip to main content Stack Overflow About Products For Teams Stack Internal Implement a knowledge platform layer to power your enterprise and AI tools. Stack Data Licensing Get access to top-class technical expertise with trusted & attributed content. Stack Ads Connect your brand to the world’s most trusted technologist communities. Releases Keep up-to-date on features we add to Stack Overflow and Stack Internal. About the company Visit the blog s-popover#show" data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start" /> Loading… current community Stack Overflow help chat Meta Stack Overflow your communities Sign up or log in to customize your list. more stack exchange communities company blog Log in Sign up Home Questions AI Assist Tags Challenges Chat Articles Users Companies Collectives Communities for your favorite technologies. Explore all Collectives Stack Internal Stack Overflow for Teams is now called Stack Internal . Bring the best of human thought and AI automation together at your work. Try for free Learn more Stack Internal Bring the best of human thought and AI automation together at your work. Learn more Collectives™ on Stack Overflow Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Learn more about Collectives Stack Internal Knowledge at work Bring the best of human thought and AI automation together at your work. Explore Stack Internal Ford Motor Company We don't just make history -- we make the future. Join us as we solve complex challenges in automotive software, one line of code at a time. Share via email Share via Twitter Share via Facebook Report Dismiss Share via email Share via Twitter Share via Facebook Report Dismiss Share via email Share via Twitter Share via Facebook Report Dismiss About Tech Stack Videos Tech Careers That Move You Ford's engineering team is a global network of talented individuals dedicated to designing, developing, and manufacturing the next generation of Ford vehicles. We employ cutting-edge technologies and innovative processes to create vehicles that are safe, reliable, efficient, and enjoyable to drive. Our diverse team includes experts in mechanical, electrical, software, and process engineering, working collaboratively across multiple disciplines to deliver world-class results. We also play a critical role in supporting and maintaining the complex systems that keep our vehicles running smoothly and securely. This includes developing robust monitoring tools, implementing efficient deployment pipelines, and providing timely support to resolve any issues. We are committed to sustainability, quality, and exceeding customer expectations. Tech Stack angular-cli-v6 karma-runner file react-native ubuntu google-cloud-storage selenium-chromedriver karma-jasmine matplotlib .net csv postgresql google-cloud-platform html google-chrome python selenium angular pandas jboss-arquillian c# m2eclipse delegates colors azure-data-factory maven-2 eclipse web-services generics proxy jenkins maven asp.net-web-api java git-commit rust makefile dom-events initialization command google-chrome-devtools vue.js sequelize.js reactjs discord.py scripting greatest-n-per-group database-design formatting discord Ford put the world on wheels over a century ago, but we’ve always thought like a start-up. We didn’t just build great cars and trucks; we changed how the world moves. We’re proud of our past but we’re focused on creating the future. Today, we’re a tech company: a car or truck is essentially a computer on wheels, one people depend on daily to get them safely from one place to another. In the past, when you drove a vehicle off the lot, that’s the best it would ever be. Now, with a fully connected vehicle, we’re constantly sending customers improvements and new technology remotely and enhancing their driving experience. We’re working on the future of mobility: what will transportation look like? How will people use it? What will the future needs be of urban, rural, and suburban citizens around the world? We’re working toward a goal of powering all facilities with renewable energy by 2035 and becoming carbon-neutral by 2050. What’s the best way to get there, and produce the products our customers want and need? If those are real-world challenges you want to use your skills to solve, you’ve come to the right place. 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https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/why-users-shouldnt-choose-their-own-llm-models-choice-is-not-always-good | Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good by David Loker English Featured January 09, 2026 7 min read January 09, 2026 7 min read The myth of ‘preference’ in AI model selection Why model selection is an evaluation problem, not preference The prompting paradox The hidden costs of model freedom The better alternative: Dynamic, data-driven routing Expertise is in the system, not the slider Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/coderabbit-announces-16m-series-a-funding-led-by-crv | CodeRabbit Announces $16M Series-A Funding Led by CRV Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Announces $16M Series-A Funding Led by CRV by Aravind Putrevu Announcements English August 13, 2024 4 min read August 13, 2024 4 min read Our Journey So Far What Worked for Us What Lies Ahead Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
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This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program ( https://hackerone.com/x ). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement ( https://ads.x.com/terms ). Your Account You may need to create an account to use the Services. You are responsible for safeguarding your account, so use a strong password and limit its use to this account, and use two-factor authentication via an authenticator app or security key. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above. You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors' exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You agree that you will not work around any technical limitations in the software provided to you as part of the Services, or reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent that applicable law expressly permits. You may not do any of the following while accessing or using the Services: (i) access, tamper with, or use non-public areas of the Services, our computer systems, or the technical delivery systems of our providers; (ii) probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network or breach or circumvent any security or authentication measures; (iii) access or search or attempt to access or search the Services by any means (automated or otherwise) other than through our currently available, published interfaces that are provided by us (and only pursuant to the applicable terms and conditions), unless you have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate agreement with us (NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited); (iv) attempt to circumvent, manipulate, or disable systems and Services, including through "jailbreaking", “prompt engineering or injection", or other methods intended to override or manipulate safety, security or other platform controls; (v) forge any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any email or posting; (vi) in any way use the Services to send altered, deceptive or false source-identifying information; (vii) engage in any conduct that violates our Platform Manipulation and Spam Policy or any other Rules and Policies , including our Misuse of Reporting Features Policy ; or (viii) interfere with, or disrupt, (or attempt to do so), the access of any user, host or network, including, without limitation, sending a virus, overloading, flooding, spamming, mail-bombing the Services, or by scripting the creation of Content in such a manner as to interfere with or create an undue burden on the Services. It is also a violation of these Terms to facilitate or assist others in violating these Terms, including by distributing products or services that enable or encourage violation of these Terms. Ending These Terms You may end your legal agreement with us at any time by deactivating your accounts and discontinuing your use of the Services. See https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/how-to-deactivate-x-account for instructions on how to deactivate your account and the Privacy Policy for more information on what happens to your information. We may suspend or terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services at any time if we reasonably believe: (i) you have violated these Terms or our Rules and Policies , (ii) you create risk or possible legal exposure for us; (iii) your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; (iv) your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or (v) our provision of the Services to you is no longer commercially viable. We will make reasonable efforts to notify you by the email address associated with your account or the next time you attempt to access your account, depending on the circumstances. To the extent permitted by law, we may also terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services for any other reason or no reason at our convenience. In all such cases, the Terms shall terminate, including, without limitation, your license to use the Services, except that the following sections shall continue to apply: 2, 3, 5, 6, and the misuse provisions of Section 4 (“Misuse of the Services”). If you believe your account was terminated in error you can file an appeal following the steps found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/forms/account-access/appeals ). For the avoidance of doubt, these Terms survive the deactivation or termination of your account. 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability The Services are Available "AS-IS" Your access to and use of the Services or any Content are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The “X Entities” refers to X Corp., its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners, and licensors. Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, THE X ENTITIES DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. The X Entities make no warranty or representation and disclaim all responsibility and liability for: (i) the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any Content; (ii) any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services or any Content; (iii) the deletion of, or the failure to store or to transmit, any Content and other communications maintained by the Services; and (iv) whether the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure, or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the X Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. Limitation of Liability NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER TERMS TO THE CONTRARY, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, RELIANCE OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY USER OR THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN THE EVENT ANY PORTION OF THESE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS IS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE AS A MATTER OF LAW, THAT LIMITATION SHALL INSTEAD BE THE GREATEST LIMITATION PERMITTED BY LAW. BY AGREEING TO THESE TERMS OR USING THE SERVICES, YOU AGREE, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THAT THE X ENTITIES ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO YOU OR OTHERS FOR THE ACTIONS OR CONDUCT OF USERS AND THIRD PARTIES ON THE SERVICES, OR FOR ANY CONTENT USERS AND THIRD PARTIES SHARE ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING OFFENSIVE, DEFAMATORY, ILLEGAL OR OTHER OBJECTIONABLE CONTENT. Liquidated Damages Protecting our users’ data and our system resources is important to us. You further agree that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, if you violate the Terms, or you induce or knowingly facilitate others to do so, in addition to all other legal remedies available to us, you will be jointly and severally liable to us for liquidated damages as follows for requesting, viewing, or accessing more than 1,000,000 posts (including reply posts, video posts, image posts, and any other posts) in any 24-hour period - $15,000 USD per 1,000,000 posts. You agree that these amounts are (i) a reasonable estimate of our damages; (ii) not a penalty; and (iii) not otherwise limiting of our ability to recover from you or others under any legal or equitable theory or claim, including but not limited to statutory damages and/or equitable relief. You further agree that repeated violations of these Terms will irreparably harm and entitle us to injunctive and/or other equitable relief, in addition to monetary damages. 6. General We may revise these Terms from time to time. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the Terms, which will always be at https://x.com/tos , will govern our relationship with you. We will try to notify you of material revisions, for example via a service notification or an email to the email associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised Terms. The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, all disputes related to these Terms, the Services, or any patents — including without limitation disputes related to or arising from any Content (whether your or others’ Content), or your or others’ use of the Services or the complete or partial termination thereof — shall be brought and must proceed exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. For the avoidance of doubt, the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply regardless of whether a dispute or any claims contained therein are based in contract, tort, statute, common law, or otherwise, and the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply to pending and future disputes and shall apply to your dispute regardless of when the conduct relating to the dispute arose or occurred. The choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall also extend to disputes involving our U.S. corporate affiliates, who are intended third-party beneficiaries of this paragraph. Without prejudice to the foregoing, you agree that, in its sole discretion, X may bring any claim, cause of action, or dispute we have against you in any competent court in the country in which you reside that has jurisdiction and venue over the claim. To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action or representative action proceeding against us or our corporate affiliates. If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States using the Services in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, these Terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a federal claim within one (1) year of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a state law claim within two (2) years of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. Otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently barred. In the event that any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary, and the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision. The X User Agreement is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X User Agreement shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X User Agreement. If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us . Effective: January 15, 2026 Archive of Previous Terms X Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affiliates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Internet Unlimited Company (Co. number 503351, VAT number IE9803175Q), an Irish company, which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland. The words “we,” “us,” and “our,” mean X Internet Unlimited Company. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. Content recommendations are made based on a combination of factors: how you engage with the Services, the topics you have indicated that you are interested in, and likes of other users with your similar interests. Adjustments can be made in your settings, and additional information can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/resources/recommender-systems ). All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generate, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames if it is appropriate, including for the following reasons: (i) protecting the Services or our users; (ii) compliance with applicable laws or orders from competent authorities; (iii) breach of these Terms or our Rules and Policies or third parties' intellectual property or other rights; (iv) if you or your Content exposes us, other users or any third party to legal or regulatory risk; and/or (v) your prolonged inactivity. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
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https://www.fine.dev/blog/startups-optimize-cloud-costs | How to Optimize Your Cloud Costs Without Sacrificing Performance: Tips for Startup CTOs Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back How to Optimize Your Cloud Costs Without Sacrificing Performance: Tips for Startup CTOs For startup CTOs, finding the right balance between cloud spending and maintaining optimal performance can be a challenging dance. Every dollar saved on cloud infrastructure is a dollar that can be reinvested into growth. Here are some actionable tips to help you optimize cloud costs without compromising your app's performance. Table of Contents Right-Size Your Resources Leverage Reserved and Spot Instances Use Auto-Scaling Wisely Monitor Data Transfer Costs Implement FinOps Practices Use Serverless for Intermittent Workloads Use Managed Services Where Possible Continuous Cloud Cost Monitoring Avoid Multi-Cloud Unless Necessary Negotiate with Your Cloud Provider 1. Right-Size Your Resources The biggest cost-savings opportunity often lies in right-sizing your infrastructure. Take a close look at the CPU, memory, and storage usage of your services. Are you over-provisioned in any area? Use monitoring tools like AWS CloudWatch , Datadog , or New Relic to identify unused or underutilized resources, and resize them to meet your actual demand rather than estimates. 2. Leverage Reserved and Spot Instances Reserved instances are an easy way to save on cloud spending, especially for workloads that are always on. They come with significant discounts compared to on-demand rates. If your workload is more flexible, look into spot instances – these instances are much cheaper but can be interrupted by the cloud provider. They're perfect for tasks that can handle interruptions, like batch processing or rendering jobs. 3. Use Auto-Scaling Wisely Auto-scaling is a fantastic tool to ensure you’re not paying for unused capacity while still scaling up as demand increases. Set thresholds that reflect true needs, and test them. The goal is to keep your applications responsive under heavy load, but scale down as soon as the spike drops to avoid paying for idle instances. 4. Monitor Data Transfer Costs Data transfer costs are often an overlooked aspect of cloud spending. Limit the amount of data that needs to be transferred between different regions or availability zones, as these costs can add up quickly. Keeping data close to your compute resources and reducing cross-region traffic can help control these expenses. 5. Implement FinOps Practices Financial Operations (FinOps) practices can significantly improve how you manage and track cloud costs. Adopt regular cost analysis routines to stay aware of your spending. Use tools like AWS Budgets or CloudForecast to forecast upcoming expenses and budget accordingly. Making every team aware of how their cloud usage impacts overall spend encourages efficiency across the board. 6. Use Serverless for Intermittent Workloads Serverless computing can reduce costs for applications that don’t run continuously. Instead of paying for a server to be up 24/7, serverless charges only for the compute time actually used. This works well for tasks such as API endpoints, automation triggers, or infrequent background jobs. 7. Use Managed Services Where Possible Using managed services can reduce the need to pay for dedicated instances to support functions such as databases, load balancers, or caching. Cloud providers offer a variety of managed options that allow you to only pay for what you use, simplifying the complexity of managing the infrastructure and often resulting in lower costs. 8. Continuous Cloud Cost Monitoring Cost optimization isn’t a one-time project but an ongoing process. Use cloud cost management tools like AWS Cost Explorer, Azure Cost Management , or GCP’s Cost Tools to track your expenses continuously. Set up alerts if you’re about to exceed budgets or if costs increase unexpectedly. With early warnings, you can take corrective measures before costs spiral out of control. 9. Avoid Multi-Cloud Unless Necessary While multi-cloud sounds like a good way to stay flexible, it often leads to complex billing and higher costs if not managed properly. It’s usually more cost-effective for startups to stick with a single cloud provider and leverage their discounts or free tier options. Only consider multi-cloud when specific services or reliability requirements make it worth the increased cost. 10. Negotiate with Your Cloud Provider As your startup grows, you may have more leverage to negotiate custom discounts with your cloud provider. Providers want to retain high-growth startups as long-term clients, and you can often negotiate reduced pricing if your cloud spend is significant or if you commit to a certain amount of usage over time. Summary Optimizing cloud costs requires a balance of careful resource management, leveraging the right pricing models, and keeping a vigilant eye on your expenditures. Implementing a combination of right-sizing, reserved instances, serverless functions, and diligent monitoring will help ensure your startup's cloud costs remain under control without sacrificing performance. Facing budget issues and need to cut costs? At just $15 a month, Fine is a fantastic solution for startups to ship faster and improve software without taking on more developers. As an end-to-end AI agent for the SDLC, Fine offers a variety of functions in one subscription: Delegate small issues to AI; add tests, docs and logs; resolve bugs and more. By giving your team the right AI coding tool that can help them across their responsibilities, you'll become more efficient as a team and should have a smoother path to profitability. Try it out at https://ai.fine.dev Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/measuring-what-matters-in-the-age-of-ai-assisted-development | Measuring what matters in the age of AI-assisted development Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Measuring what matters in the age of AI-assisted development by Sahana Vijaya Prasad English Featured December 18, 2025 7 min read December 18, 2025 7 min read The 3 questions every engineering leader asks What CodeRabbit’s Dashboard shows Summary: The Executive View Quality Metrics: Where Are the Real Problems? Time Metrics: Where does work get stuck? Organizational Trends: The macro view Data Metrics: The audit trail Why this data matters more now Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://x.com/en/tos#chapter6 | X Terms of Service Skip to main content Terms of Service <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Terms of Service" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="RJPO" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link="https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/terms-of-service-2025-05-08/en/x-terms-of-service-2025-05-08.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> Terms of Service We have made some updates to our Terms of Service. This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program ( https://hackerone.com/x ). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement ( https://ads.x.com/terms ). Your Account You may need to create an account to use the Services. You are responsible for safeguarding your account, so use a strong password and limit its use to this account, and use two-factor authentication via an authenticator app or security key. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above. You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors' exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You agree that you will not work around any technical limitations in the software provided to you as part of the Services, or reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent that applicable law expressly permits. You may not do any of the following while accessing or using the Services: (i) access, tamper with, or use non-public areas of the Services, our computer systems, or the technical delivery systems of our providers; (ii) probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network or breach or circumvent any security or authentication measures; (iii) access or search or attempt to access or search the Services by any means (automated or otherwise) other than through our currently available, published interfaces that are provided by us (and only pursuant to the applicable terms and conditions), unless you have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate agreement with us (NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited); (iv) attempt to circumvent, manipulate, or disable systems and Services, including through "jailbreaking", “prompt engineering or injection", or other methods intended to override or manipulate safety, security or other platform controls; (v) forge any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any email or posting; (vi) in any way use the Services to send altered, deceptive or false source-identifying information; (vii) engage in any conduct that violates our Platform Manipulation and Spam Policy or any other Rules and Policies , including our Misuse of Reporting Features Policy ; or (viii) interfere with, or disrupt, (or attempt to do so), the access of any user, host or network, including, without limitation, sending a virus, overloading, flooding, spamming, mail-bombing the Services, or by scripting the creation of Content in such a manner as to interfere with or create an undue burden on the Services. It is also a violation of these Terms to facilitate or assist others in violating these Terms, including by distributing products or services that enable or encourage violation of these Terms. Ending These Terms You may end your legal agreement with us at any time by deactivating your accounts and discontinuing your use of the Services. See https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/how-to-deactivate-x-account for instructions on how to deactivate your account and the Privacy Policy for more information on what happens to your information. We may suspend or terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services at any time if we reasonably believe: (i) you have violated these Terms or our Rules and Policies , (ii) you create risk or possible legal exposure for us; (iii) your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; (iv) your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or (v) our provision of the Services to you is no longer commercially viable. We will make reasonable efforts to notify you by the email address associated with your account or the next time you attempt to access your account, depending on the circumstances. To the extent permitted by law, we may also terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services for any other reason or no reason at our convenience. In all such cases, the Terms shall terminate, including, without limitation, your license to use the Services, except that the following sections shall continue to apply: 2, 3, 5, 6, and the misuse provisions of Section 4 (“Misuse of the Services”). If you believe your account was terminated in error you can file an appeal following the steps found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/forms/account-access/appeals ). For the avoidance of doubt, these Terms survive the deactivation or termination of your account. 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability The Services are Available "AS-IS" Your access to and use of the Services or any Content are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The “X Entities” refers to X Corp., its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners, and licensors. Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, THE X ENTITIES DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. The X Entities make no warranty or representation and disclaim all responsibility and liability for: (i) the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any Content; (ii) any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services or any Content; (iii) the deletion of, or the failure to store or to transmit, any Content and other communications maintained by the Services; and (iv) whether the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure, or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the X Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. Limitation of Liability NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER TERMS TO THE CONTRARY, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, RELIANCE OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY USER OR THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN THE EVENT ANY PORTION OF THESE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS IS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE AS A MATTER OF LAW, THAT LIMITATION SHALL INSTEAD BE THE GREATEST LIMITATION PERMITTED BY LAW. BY AGREEING TO THESE TERMS OR USING THE SERVICES, YOU AGREE, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THAT THE X ENTITIES ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO YOU OR OTHERS FOR THE ACTIONS OR CONDUCT OF USERS AND THIRD PARTIES ON THE SERVICES, OR FOR ANY CONTENT USERS AND THIRD PARTIES SHARE ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING OFFENSIVE, DEFAMATORY, ILLEGAL OR OTHER OBJECTIONABLE CONTENT. Liquidated Damages Protecting our users’ data and our system resources is important to us. You further agree that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, if you violate the Terms, or you induce or knowingly facilitate others to do so, in addition to all other legal remedies available to us, you will be jointly and severally liable to us for liquidated damages as follows for requesting, viewing, or accessing more than 1,000,000 posts (including reply posts, video posts, image posts, and any other posts) in any 24-hour period - $15,000 USD per 1,000,000 posts. You agree that these amounts are (i) a reasonable estimate of our damages; (ii) not a penalty; and (iii) not otherwise limiting of our ability to recover from you or others under any legal or equitable theory or claim, including but not limited to statutory damages and/or equitable relief. You further agree that repeated violations of these Terms will irreparably harm and entitle us to injunctive and/or other equitable relief, in addition to monetary damages. 6. General We may revise these Terms from time to time. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the Terms, which will always be at https://x.com/tos , will govern our relationship with you. We will try to notify you of material revisions, for example via a service notification or an email to the email associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised Terms. The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, all disputes related to these Terms, the Services, or any patents — including without limitation disputes related to or arising from any Content (whether your or others’ Content), or your or others’ use of the Services or the complete or partial termination thereof — shall be brought and must proceed exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. For the avoidance of doubt, the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply regardless of whether a dispute or any claims contained therein are based in contract, tort, statute, common law, or otherwise, and the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply to pending and future disputes and shall apply to your dispute regardless of when the conduct relating to the dispute arose or occurred. The choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall also extend to disputes involving our U.S. corporate affiliates, who are intended third-party beneficiaries of this paragraph. Without prejudice to the foregoing, you agree that, in its sole discretion, X may bring any claim, cause of action, or dispute we have against you in any competent court in the country in which you reside that has jurisdiction and venue over the claim. To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action or representative action proceeding against us or our corporate affiliates. If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States using the Services in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, these Terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a federal claim within one (1) year of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a state law claim within two (2) years of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. Otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently barred. In the event that any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary, and the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision. The X User Agreement is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X User Agreement shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X User Agreement. If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us . Effective: January 15, 2026 Archive of Previous Terms X Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affiliates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Internet Unlimited Company (Co. number 503351, VAT number IE9803175Q), an Irish company, which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland. The words “we,” “us,” and “our,” mean X Internet Unlimited Company. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. Content recommendations are made based on a combination of factors: how you engage with the Services, the topics you have indicated that you are interested in, and likes of other users with your similar interests. Adjustments can be made in your settings, and additional information can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/resources/recommender-systems ). All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generate, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames if it is appropriate, including for the following reasons: (i) protecting the Services or our users; (ii) compliance with applicable laws or orders from competent authorities; (iii) breach of these Terms or our Rules and Policies or third parties' intellectual property or other rights; (iv) if you or your Content exposes us, other users or any third party to legal or regulatory risk; and/or (v) your prolonged inactivity. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/state-of-ai-vs-human-code-generation-report | AI vs human code gen report: AI code creates 1.7x more issues Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Our new report: AI code creates 1.7x more problems by David Loker English Pinned December 17, 2025 7 min read December 17, 2025 7 min read Our State of AI vs Human Code Generation Report Limitations of our study Top 10 findings from the report 1. AI-generated PRs contained ~1.7× more issues overall. 2. Severity escalates with AI: More critical and major issues. 3. Logic and correctness issues were 75% more common in AI PRs. 4. Readability issues spiked more than 3× in AI contributions. 5. Error handling and exception-path gaps were nearly 2× more common. 6. Security issues were up to 2.74× higher 7. Performance regressions, though small in number, skewed heavily toward AI. 8. Concurrency and dependency correctness saw ~2× increases. 9. Formatting problems were 2.66× more common in AI PRs. 10. AI introduced nearly 2× more naming inconsistencies. Why these patterns appear What engineering teams can do about it 1. Give AI the context it needs 2. Use policy-as-code to enforce style 3. Add correctness safety rails 4. Strengthen security defaults 5. Nudge the model toward efficient patterns 6. Adopt AI-aware PR checklists 7. Get help reviewing and testing AI code The bottom line Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/framework-for-evaluating-ai-code-review-tools | How to evaluate AI code review tools: A practical framework Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools by David Loker English Featured January 09, 2026 9 min read January 09, 2026 9 min read The right way to evaluate code review tools: Use your own benchmarks Start from your objectives Build a representative evaluation dataset of your codebase Step 1: Sample real PRs from your codebase Step 2: Include a diversity of issue types 3. Define ground truth and severity for your organization Step 1: Aggregate candidate issues Step 2: Independently label issues Step 3: Respect your values 4. Choose metrics that actually inform decisions Metric 1: Detection quality Metric 2: Developer experience Metric 3: Process and outcome metrics 5. Experimental design: Offline benchmark + in-the-wild pilot Offline evaluation In-the-wild pilot 6. Balancing precision, recall, and customization Tip 1: Avoid the LGTM trap Tip 2: Focus on coverage-first, then tune down Remember: Benchmarks are just marketing, unless you create them yourself Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.fine.dev/blog/replit-vs-cursor-es | Replit vs Cursor: ¿Cuál es la mejor herramienta de codificación AI para ti? Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back Replit vs Cursor: ¿Cuál es la mejor herramienta de codificación AI para ti? Las herramientas de codificación impulsadas por AI están ganando terreno en el mundo del desarrollo, facilitando a los desarrolladores escribir, depurar y gestionar código. Tres de las plataformas líderes en este espacio son Fine, Replit y Cursor, todas ofreciendo características de codificación asistida por AI. Sin embargo, con estos avances vienen diferencias clave que hacen que cada plataforma sea más adecuada para diferentes tipos de desarrolladores. En este blog, desglosaremos Replit y Cursor, examinaremos sus similitudes y diferencias, y explicaremos por qué Fine es una alternativa superior. Tabla de Contenidos Introducción a Replit Introducción a Cursor Similitudes entre Replit y Cursor Diferencias entre Replit y Cursor Por qué elegir Cursor sobre Replit Por qué elegir Replit sobre Cursor Por qué Fine es una mejor opción Introducción a Replit Replit es un entorno de desarrollo integrado (IDE) basado en navegador que recientemente lanzó características impulsadas por AI, ofreciendo autocompletado, depuración y generación de documentación. Diseñado para hacer la codificación accesible tanto a principiantes como a profesionales, Replit proporciona capacidades de colaboración en tiempo real, convirtiéndolo en una opción ideal para proyectos en equipo o propósitos educativos. Permite a los desarrolladores escribir código rápidamente, generar pruebas y configurar APIs sin configuraciones complejas. Con su amplio soporte para múltiples lenguajes de programación, Replit es una opción flexible para diversas tareas de codificación. Introducción a Cursor Cursor es un editor de código impulsado por AI que fue construido como un fork del popular IDE, VSCode. Ofrece autocompletado avanzado de código, refactorización inteligente de código y edición en lenguaje natural. Cursor también enfatiza la seguridad, con certificación SOC 2, haciéndolo adecuado para equipos que necesitan estrictas medidas de privacidad de datos. Mientras que Cursor puede ser usado como un editor independiente, es especialmente valioso para desarrolladores que ya trabajan en un entorno como VSCode, permitiéndoles integrar asistencia AI sin interrumpir su flujo de trabajo. Similitudes entre Replit y Cursor Tanto Replit como Cursor se centran en ayudar a los desarrolladores a agilizar su flujo de trabajo a través de AI. Aquí hay algunas similitudes clave: Generación de Código Asistida por AI : Ambas plataformas utilizan AI para generar código basado en comandos en lenguaje natural, reduciendo significativamente el tiempo que los desarrolladores pasan escribiendo fragmentos de código básicos. Fine también puede escribir código por ti, tomando un problema de Linear, GitHub o Jira y convirtiéndolo en un PR. Autocompletado y Depuración : Replit y Cursor ofrecen autocompletado inteligente de código y detección de errores, acelerando el proceso de desarrollo y ayudando a los desarrolladores a detectar errores temprano. Características de Colaboración : Mientras que Replit ofrece colaboración en tiempo real directamente en el navegador, Cursor es un fork de VSCode. Diferencias entre Replit y Cursor Integración de Plataforma : Replit es un IDE en línea completo, lo que significa que los usuarios pueden comenzar a codificar directamente en el navegador sin configurar un entorno local. Cursor, por otro lado, es más adecuado para aquellos que ya tienen una configuración de desarrollo preferida en VSCode y quieren permanecer en ese entorno familiar. Colaboración y Facilidad de Uso : El entorno en navegador de Replit ofrece características de colaboración en tiempo real integradas, lo que lo hace más accesible para equipos o aulas. Cursor, aunque colaborativo, requiere configuración adicional para extensiones y puede ser más adecuado para desarrolladores familiarizados con configuraciones avanzadas. Por qué elegir Cursor sobre Replit Seguridad : Para desarrolladores o equipos que requieren medidas de seguridad estrictas, la certificación SOC 1 de Cursor lo convierte en la opción más confiable. Replit tiene certificación SOC 2 para clientes empresariales en la mayoría de su plataforma, pero no está claro si eso incluye la nueva suite AI. Integración con Herramientas Existentes : Si ya estás usando VSCode u otro entorno de desarrollo local, la integración sin problemas de Cursor te permite llevar la asistencia AI a tu flujo de trabajo actual sin cambiar tu configuración, mucho. Fine no requiere cambiar tu IDE en absoluto: colabora con Fine donde normalmente colaboras con compañeros de equipo. Refactorización de Código : Cursor sobresale en asistir con la refactorización de código y mejorar bases de código heredadas, ofreciendo sugerencias inteligentes que ayudan a mantener la calidad del código a lo largo del tiempo. Por qué elegir Replit sobre Cursor IDE Completamente Integrado : Para desarrolladores que quieren una solución todo en uno sin necesidad de instalar software adicional o gestionar extensiones, el entorno basado en navegador de Replit es una excelente opción. Te permite comenzar a codificar desde cualquier lugar, sin la molestia de la configuración. Amigable para Principiantes : La interfaz intuitiva de Replit y su extensa documentación lo convierten en una gran opción para principiantes o educadores. Sus herramientas de colaboración fáciles de usar también lo hacen ideal para proyectos grupales o entornos de aprendizaje. Colaboración en Tiempo Real : Replit brilla en entornos de equipo, ofreciendo una característica de colaboración en tiempo real simplificada que funciona sin problemas en navegadores. Esto es especialmente útil para proyectos donde múltiples desarrolladores necesitan trabajar juntos en tiempo real. Por qué Fine es una Mejor Opción Mientras que tanto Replit como Cursor ofrecen características atractivas, Fine lleva la codificación asistida por AI un paso más allá al proporcionar automatización avanzada y un conjunto más completo de herramientas adaptadas para equipos de desarrollo. Aquí está por qué Fine es una mejor alternativa: Automatización Superior del Flujo de Trabajo : La AI de Fine no solo asiste con la generación de código y la depuración, sino que también automatiza flujos de trabajo enteros, reduciendo el tiempo que los desarrolladores pasan en tareas repetitivas. Resumen de Pull Requests (PR) : Fine puede resumir pull requests y ayudar a los desarrolladores a centrarse en decisiones de alto nivel revisando código que ya ha sido probado y validado, una característica no disponible en Replit o Cursor. Personalizable para Equipos : Fine está diseñado para escalar con equipos, ofreciendo poderosas herramientas para el desarrollo colaborativo que se integran sin problemas con procesos existentes. Su AI puede asistir en la revisión y mejora del código, permitiendo a los equipos trabajar más rápido y eficientemente. Conciencia de Contexto Completo : Fine se integra con GitHub, Linear, Sentry y más, permitiendo al usuario activar la AI donde sea que estén trabajando y usar información en plataformas externas como contexto. Uso Ilimitado de LLM Premium Fine no limita cuánto pueden acceder los suscriptores pagos a OpenAI's o1 o Claude 3.5 Sonnet, los LLM líderes para el desarrollo de software. Muchas otras plataformas requieren que el usuario proporcione sus propias claves API para OpenAI y/o Anthropic y por lo tanto pagar por uso además de la suscripción mensual. En conclusión, tanto Replit como Cursor ofrecen sólidas soluciones de codificación impulsadas por AI con fortalezas únicas. Sin embargo, Fine ofrece una experiencia AI más completa y enfocada en equipos que puede mejorar la productividad mucho más allá de lo que cualquiera de las plataformas actualmente proporciona. Ya sea que seas un desarrollador en solitario o estés gestionando un gran equipo de desarrollo, las características AI de Fine y la automatización avanzada del flujo de trabajo lo convierten en una opción superior para aquellos que buscan optimizar su proceso de desarrollo. Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.fine.dev/blog/secure-startup-codebase | Best Practices for Securing Your Startup's Codebase: A CTO’s Step-by-Step Guide Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back Best Practices for Securing Your Startup's Codebase: A CTO’s Step-by-Step Guide Startups often prioritize speed over security, pushing out features to gain a competitive edge. However, overlooking security in the early stages can lead to costly issues down the road. This guide provides a step-by-step approach for CTOs to secure their startup's codebase effectively while maintaining agility. Table of Contents Implement Secure Coding Standards Automate Security Scans Embrace Code Reviews with Security in Mind Practice Least Privilege Use Secrets Management Keep Dependencies Updated Enable Logging and Monitoring Regular Security Audits Educate Your Team Plan for Incident Response 1. Implement Secure Coding Standards Define a set of secure coding practices from the get-go. Train developers on common vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, XSS, and insecure deserialization. Adopting secure coding standards helps prevent vulnerabilities that are often introduced during rapid development. 2. Automate Security Scans Incorporate automated security tools into your CI/CD pipeline to catch vulnerabilities before they reach production. Tools like Snyk can help monitor dependencies and flag security issues, allowing your team to act proactively. 3. Embrace Code Reviews with Security in Mind Encourage peer code reviews that emphasize security. By incorporating a security checklist in your code review process, developers are more likely to catch issues early. Using tools like GitHub or GitLab for code reviews can streamline collaboration. Fine can make code reviews a far less arduous process for developers, making it easier to maintain consistently high standards. 4. Practice Least Privilege Ensure that each part of your system has access only to what it needs. Avoid giving developers or third-party services more permissions than necessary. Regularly review and revoke access to prevent unauthorized data exposure. 5. Use Secrets Management Avoid hardcoding sensitive information such as API keys, database credentials, or access tokens directly into your codebase. Instead, utilize a secrets management tool like AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault, or Azure Key Vault to keep these secure. 6. Keep Dependencies Updated Outdated third-party libraries can introduce security vulnerabilities. Use dependency management tools to keep track of which libraries are in use and stay updated with security patches. 7. Enable Logging and Monitoring Monitor for unusual activity to detect threats early. Ensure your logging system captures details like failed login attempts, unexpected API usage, and codebase modifications. Using centralized logging services such as ELK Stack or Splunk can streamline threat detection and response. 8. Regular Security Audits Perform periodic security audits and penetration tests to assess the overall health of your codebase. Startups should consider working with a third-party security expert to identify gaps that might be overlooked internally. 9. Educate Your Team Security is everyone’s responsibility. Conduct regular training sessions to keep your development team aware of the latest security threats and best practices. Tools like OWASP or even informal lunch-and-learns can help build a security-aware culture. 10. Plan for Incident Response Have an incident response plan in place in case a breach does occur. Document the steps your team needs to take to minimize damage and recover. Being prepared can make the difference between a minor incident and a major catastrophe. Securing your startup's codebase requires deliberate planning and effort, but these practices will pay off by protecting your company and its customers. Adopting a proactive security mindset now can save countless headaches in the future. If you're building a software startup, Fine can help you achieve your development goals faster. From within your issue management platform, delegate tasks to AI and get a PR to review when you're done. You can also get coding tasks gone on the go, without compromising on security. Try it out at https://ai.fine.dev Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
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If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program ( https://hackerone.com/x ). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement ( https://ads.x.com/terms ). Your Account You may need to create an account to use the Services. You are responsible for safeguarding your account, so use a strong password and limit its use to this account, and use two-factor authentication via an authenticator app or security key. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above. You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors' exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You agree that you will not work around any technical limitations in the software provided to you as part of the Services, or reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent that applicable law expressly permits. You may not do any of the following while accessing or using the Services: (i) access, tamper with, or use non-public areas of the Services, our computer systems, or the technical delivery systems of our providers; (ii) probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network or breach or circumvent any security or authentication measures; (iii) access or search or attempt to access or search the Services by any means (automated or otherwise) other than through our currently available, published interfaces that are provided by us (and only pursuant to the applicable terms and conditions), unless you have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate agreement with us (NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited); (iv) attempt to circumvent, manipulate, or disable systems and Services, including through "jailbreaking", “prompt engineering or injection", or other methods intended to override or manipulate safety, security or other platform controls; (v) forge any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any email or posting; (vi) in any way use the Services to send altered, deceptive or false source-identifying information; (vii) engage in any conduct that violates our Platform Manipulation and Spam Policy or any other Rules and Policies , including our Misuse of Reporting Features Policy ; or (viii) interfere with, or disrupt, (or attempt to do so), the access of any user, host or network, including, without limitation, sending a virus, overloading, flooding, spamming, mail-bombing the Services, or by scripting the creation of Content in such a manner as to interfere with or create an undue burden on the Services. It is also a violation of these Terms to facilitate or assist others in violating these Terms, including by distributing products or services that enable or encourage violation of these Terms. Ending These Terms You may end your legal agreement with us at any time by deactivating your accounts and discontinuing your use of the Services. See https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/how-to-deactivate-x-account for instructions on how to deactivate your account and the Privacy Policy for more information on what happens to your information. We may suspend or terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services at any time if we reasonably believe: (i) you have violated these Terms or our Rules and Policies , (ii) you create risk or possible legal exposure for us; (iii) your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; (iv) your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or (v) our provision of the Services to you is no longer commercially viable. We will make reasonable efforts to notify you by the email address associated with your account or the next time you attempt to access your account, depending on the circumstances. To the extent permitted by law, we may also terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services for any other reason or no reason at our convenience. In all such cases, the Terms shall terminate, including, without limitation, your license to use the Services, except that the following sections shall continue to apply: 2, 3, 5, 6, and the misuse provisions of Section 4 (“Misuse of the Services”). If you believe your account was terminated in error you can file an appeal following the steps found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/forms/account-access/appeals ). For the avoidance of doubt, these Terms survive the deactivation or termination of your account. 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability The Services are Available "AS-IS" Your access to and use of the Services or any Content are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The “X Entities” refers to X Corp., its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners, and licensors. Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, THE X ENTITIES DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. The X Entities make no warranty or representation and disclaim all responsibility and liability for: (i) the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any Content; (ii) any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services or any Content; (iii) the deletion of, or the failure to store or to transmit, any Content and other communications maintained by the Services; and (iv) whether the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure, or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the X Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. Limitation of Liability NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER TERMS TO THE CONTRARY, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, RELIANCE OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY USER OR THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN THE EVENT ANY PORTION OF THESE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS IS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE AS A MATTER OF LAW, THAT LIMITATION SHALL INSTEAD BE THE GREATEST LIMITATION PERMITTED BY LAW. BY AGREEING TO THESE TERMS OR USING THE SERVICES, YOU AGREE, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THAT THE X ENTITIES ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO YOU OR OTHERS FOR THE ACTIONS OR CONDUCT OF USERS AND THIRD PARTIES ON THE SERVICES, OR FOR ANY CONTENT USERS AND THIRD PARTIES SHARE ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING OFFENSIVE, DEFAMATORY, ILLEGAL OR OTHER OBJECTIONABLE CONTENT. Liquidated Damages Protecting our users’ data and our system resources is important to us. You further agree that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, if you violate the Terms, or you induce or knowingly facilitate others to do so, in addition to all other legal remedies available to us, you will be jointly and severally liable to us for liquidated damages as follows for requesting, viewing, or accessing more than 1,000,000 posts (including reply posts, video posts, image posts, and any other posts) in any 24-hour period - $15,000 USD per 1,000,000 posts. You agree that these amounts are (i) a reasonable estimate of our damages; (ii) not a penalty; and (iii) not otherwise limiting of our ability to recover from you or others under any legal or equitable theory or claim, including but not limited to statutory damages and/or equitable relief. You further agree that repeated violations of these Terms will irreparably harm and entitle us to injunctive and/or other equitable relief, in addition to monetary damages. 6. General We may revise these Terms from time to time. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the Terms, which will always be at https://x.com/tos , will govern our relationship with you. We will try to notify you of material revisions, for example via a service notification or an email to the email associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised Terms. The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, all disputes related to these Terms, the Services, or any patents — including without limitation disputes related to or arising from any Content (whether your or others’ Content), or your or others’ use of the Services or the complete or partial termination thereof — shall be brought and must proceed exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. For the avoidance of doubt, the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply regardless of whether a dispute or any claims contained therein are based in contract, tort, statute, common law, or otherwise, and the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply to pending and future disputes and shall apply to your dispute regardless of when the conduct relating to the dispute arose or occurred. The choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall also extend to disputes involving our U.S. corporate affiliates, who are intended third-party beneficiaries of this paragraph. Without prejudice to the foregoing, you agree that, in its sole discretion, X may bring any claim, cause of action, or dispute we have against you in any competent court in the country in which you reside that has jurisdiction and venue over the claim. To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action or representative action proceeding against us or our corporate affiliates. If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States using the Services in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, these Terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a federal claim within one (1) year of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a state law claim within two (2) years of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. Otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently barred. In the event that any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary, and the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision. The X User Agreement is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X User Agreement shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X User Agreement. If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us . Effective: January 15, 2026 Archive of Previous Terms X Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affiliates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Internet Unlimited Company (Co. number 503351, VAT number IE9803175Q), an Irish company, which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland. The words “we,” “us,” and “our,” mean X Internet Unlimited Company. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. Content recommendations are made based on a combination of factors: how you engage with the Services, the topics you have indicated that you are interested in, and likes of other users with your similar interests. Adjustments can be made in your settings, and additional information can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/resources/recommender-systems ). All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generate, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. 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https://www.suprsend.com/comparison-page/bandwidth-vs-twilio-2024 | Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up Email management Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Nikita Navral • December 2, 2025 TABLE OF CONTENTS Businesses rely on cloud communications platforms to power SMS alerts, authentication flows, customer engagement, and global voice calling. With so many options available, it’s important to understand how the major players differ in capabilities, pricing, and security. Below is a clear comparison of RingCentral, MessageBird, Plivo, Karix, Twilio, Sinch, Exotel, Telnyx, Ooma, Bandwidth, Gupshup, Vonage, and Amazon SNS - with key features, cost, and security included for each. Twilio Key Features: SMS/MMS, voice, WhatsApp, chat, email (SendGrid), video, global phone numbers, user authentication. Cost: Pay-as-you-go. US SMS ~ $0.0079 outbound; voice outbound ~ $0.014/min. SendGrid email plans start at $19.95/month. Security: HTTPS APIs, API key authentication, enterprise-grade controls depending on product. MessageBird (Bird) Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, email, voice, multichannel inbox, 2FA/verify, omnichannel automation. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.008/message; WhatsApp from ~$0.005/message; dedicated numbers from ~$0.50/month. Security: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, SOC 2 Type II, GDPR-aligned, regulated under Dutch telecommunications authority. Plivo Key Features: SMS, MMS, voice APIs, WhatsApp, user verification APIs, Fraud Shield protection. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.0055/message; MMS ~ $0.018/message; plans also available starting around $25/month. Security: Fraud Shield for SMS fraud, standard API security, compliance frameworks appropriate for telecom workflows. Sinch Key Features: Global messaging, voice APIs, phone number provisioning, enterprise conversational tools, in-app voice/video SDKs. Cost: Pay-as-you-go; pricing varies by region and channel. Security: Enterprise security posture; used widely by large regulated businesses. RingCentral Key Features: Enterprise UCaaS and CCaaS — voice, video, messaging, contact center, team collaboration. Cost: Subscription-based; varies by seat and plan tier. Security: 99.999% uptime SLA, enterprise compliance standards, secure global network. Vonage Key Features: Business phone systems, unified communications, plus APIs for voice, SMS, video, messaging. Cost: Varies by product; SMS and voice pricing similar to other CPaaS players. Security: Industry-standard certifications (ISO 27001, HIPAA support in certain offerings). Bandwidth Key Features: Voice, messaging, emergency services APIs built on its own carrier network. Cost: Usage-based; typically competitive because Bandwidth owns telecom infrastructure. Security: Strong network-level security due to owning carrier backbone; enterprise-grade controls. Telnyx Key Features: Programmable voice, SMS, SIP trunking, wireless IoT, phone numbers; operates its own global private network. Cost: Generally lower than Twilio in many regions; usage-based for SMS/voice. Security: Private global network architecture, encrypted communications, strong compliance posture. Karix Key Features: SMS, voice, WhatsApp, and multichannel messaging, with strong performance in India/APAC. Cost: Pricing varies by region and volume; typically optimized for India and emerging markets. Security: Regional telecom compliance; enterprise messaging security standards. Exotel Key Features: Cloud telephony, IVR, virtual numbers, call routing, contact-center tools, SMS, WhatsApp. Cost: Region-based pricing; popular for cost-effective India/SEA deployments. Security: Telecom-grade compliance in India, SEA, and Middle East markets. Gupshup Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, RCS, conversational messaging, bot frameworks, commerce and marketing flows. Cost: Pricing varies by channel and country; optimized for India, LATAM, and emerging markets. Security: Regional compliance and enterprise-grade security for messaging workflows. Ooma Key Features: SMB VoIP phone systems, virtual receptionist, call routing, basic business telephony. Cost: Subscription-based; lower-cost than enterprise UCaaS providers. Security: Standard SMB business-telephony protections; not CPaaS-level programmability. Amazon SNS Key Features: Pub/Sub messaging, SMS notifications, push notifications, email; part of AWS event-driven architecture. Cost: Pay-as-you-go based on notifications sent; AWS regional SMS pricing applies. Security: Inherits AWS IAM, encryption, compliance, monitoring, and infrastructure security. Which Platform Fits Which Use Case? If you want developer APIs to build custom communication flows: Twilio, Plivo, Telnyx, Bandwidth. If you need enterprise communication suites for internal teams: RingCentral, Vonage, Ooma for SMBs. If global omnichannel messaging is key: MessageBird, Sinch, Gupshup, Karix, Exotel. If you’re on AWS and only need notifications: Amazon SNS. Conclusion Each provider has unique strengths: some excel at global messaging, others at enterprise unified communications, others at developer-centric programmability. Understanding key features, pricing, and security posture helps narrow down the best fit for your product, geography, and scale. Share this blog on: Written by: Nikita Navral Co-Founder, SuprSend Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. SuprStack Inc. By clicking “Accept All Cookies” , you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. 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https://www.suprsend.com/comparison-page/bandwidth-vs-gupshup-2024 | Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up Email management Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Nikita Navral • December 2, 2025 TABLE OF CONTENTS Businesses rely on cloud communications platforms to power SMS alerts, authentication flows, customer engagement, and global voice calling. With so many options available, it’s important to understand how the major players differ in capabilities, pricing, and security. Below is a clear comparison of RingCentral, MessageBird, Plivo, Karix, Twilio, Sinch, Exotel, Telnyx, Ooma, Bandwidth, Gupshup, Vonage, and Amazon SNS - with key features, cost, and security included for each. Twilio Key Features: SMS/MMS, voice, WhatsApp, chat, email (SendGrid), video, global phone numbers, user authentication. Cost: Pay-as-you-go. US SMS ~ $0.0079 outbound; voice outbound ~ $0.014/min. SendGrid email plans start at $19.95/month. Security: HTTPS APIs, API key authentication, enterprise-grade controls depending on product. MessageBird (Bird) Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, email, voice, multichannel inbox, 2FA/verify, omnichannel automation. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.008/message; WhatsApp from ~$0.005/message; dedicated numbers from ~$0.50/month. Security: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, SOC 2 Type II, GDPR-aligned, regulated under Dutch telecommunications authority. Plivo Key Features: SMS, MMS, voice APIs, WhatsApp, user verification APIs, Fraud Shield protection. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.0055/message; MMS ~ $0.018/message; plans also available starting around $25/month. Security: Fraud Shield for SMS fraud, standard API security, compliance frameworks appropriate for telecom workflows. Sinch Key Features: Global messaging, voice APIs, phone number provisioning, enterprise conversational tools, in-app voice/video SDKs. Cost: Pay-as-you-go; pricing varies by region and channel. Security: Enterprise security posture; used widely by large regulated businesses. RingCentral Key Features: Enterprise UCaaS and CCaaS — voice, video, messaging, contact center, team collaboration. Cost: Subscription-based; varies by seat and plan tier. Security: 99.999% uptime SLA, enterprise compliance standards, secure global network. Vonage Key Features: Business phone systems, unified communications, plus APIs for voice, SMS, video, messaging. Cost: Varies by product; SMS and voice pricing similar to other CPaaS players. Security: Industry-standard certifications (ISO 27001, HIPAA support in certain offerings). Bandwidth Key Features: Voice, messaging, emergency services APIs built on its own carrier network. Cost: Usage-based; typically competitive because Bandwidth owns telecom infrastructure. Security: Strong network-level security due to owning carrier backbone; enterprise-grade controls. Telnyx Key Features: Programmable voice, SMS, SIP trunking, wireless IoT, phone numbers; operates its own global private network. Cost: Generally lower than Twilio in many regions; usage-based for SMS/voice. Security: Private global network architecture, encrypted communications, strong compliance posture. Karix Key Features: SMS, voice, WhatsApp, and multichannel messaging, with strong performance in India/APAC. Cost: Pricing varies by region and volume; typically optimized for India and emerging markets. Security: Regional telecom compliance; enterprise messaging security standards. Exotel Key Features: Cloud telephony, IVR, virtual numbers, call routing, contact-center tools, SMS, WhatsApp. Cost: Region-based pricing; popular for cost-effective India/SEA deployments. Security: Telecom-grade compliance in India, SEA, and Middle East markets. Gupshup Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, RCS, conversational messaging, bot frameworks, commerce and marketing flows. Cost: Pricing varies by channel and country; optimized for India, LATAM, and emerging markets. Security: Regional compliance and enterprise-grade security for messaging workflows. Ooma Key Features: SMB VoIP phone systems, virtual receptionist, call routing, basic business telephony. Cost: Subscription-based; lower-cost than enterprise UCaaS providers. Security: Standard SMB business-telephony protections; not CPaaS-level programmability. Amazon SNS Key Features: Pub/Sub messaging, SMS notifications, push notifications, email; part of AWS event-driven architecture. Cost: Pay-as-you-go based on notifications sent; AWS regional SMS pricing applies. Security: Inherits AWS IAM, encryption, compliance, monitoring, and infrastructure security. Which Platform Fits Which Use Case? If you want developer APIs to build custom communication flows: Twilio, Plivo, Telnyx, Bandwidth. If you need enterprise communication suites for internal teams: RingCentral, Vonage, Ooma for SMBs. If global omnichannel messaging is key: MessageBird, Sinch, Gupshup, Karix, Exotel. If you’re on AWS and only need notifications: Amazon SNS. Conclusion Each provider has unique strengths: some excel at global messaging, others at enterprise unified communications, others at developer-centric programmability. Understanding key features, pricing, and security posture helps narrow down the best fit for your product, geography, and scale. Share this blog on: Written by: Nikita Navral Co-Founder, SuprSend Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. SuprStack Inc. By clicking “Accept All Cookies” , you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. 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https://www.fine.dev/blog/remote-first-tech-startup | How to Build a Remote-First Tech Team as a Startup CTO: Tools and Tactics Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back How to Build a Remote-First Tech Team as a Startup CTO: Tools and Tactics Building a successful remote-first tech team requires the right tools and tactics. Some startups thrive off of remote workers around the world - others are sunk by inefficiency and communication failures. In this post, we'll explore essential steps and technologies to help you build a high-performing remote-first team. Table of Contents Establish a Strong Communication Foundation Use the Right Collaboration Tools Create an Inclusive Team Culture Hire for Remote-Friendly Qualities Focus on Employee Well-Being Measure Team Performance Effectively Prioritize Security and Data Protection Choose a Collaborative AI Platform Stay on Top of Code Reviews 1. Establish a Strong Communication Foundation Communication is the lifeline of any remote-first tech team. Ensuring that everyone stays connected and informed requires a blend of asynchronous and real-time communication tools. As a startup CTO, consider investing in: Slack or Microsoft Teams for real-time messaging and updates. Zoom or Google Meet for video calls, meetings, and check-ins. Loom for recording walkthroughs and sharing asynchronous video updates. The key to building a cohesive team is setting clear expectations about how and when different tools should be used. Creating guidelines for communication not only helps streamline workflow but also reduces burnout by ensuring team members can disconnect after work hours. 2. Use the Right Collaboration Tools Your tech stack is crucial to enabling effective collaboration among remote engineers. Select tools that encourage transparency and make collaboration as seamless as possible. Here are some must-have tools for remote-first tech teams: GitHub or GitLab for version control and managing code collaboratively. Jira or Linear for tracking tasks and sprint planning. Confluence or Notion for documenting processes, creating shared knowledge bases, and improving accessibility to resources. A well-documented codebase and clearly defined processes empower developers to operate independently, minimizing bottlenecks and improving productivity. 3. Create an Inclusive Team Culture Fostering an inclusive and collaborative culture is essential to the success of a remote-first team. This starts with ensuring all voices are heard, regardless of geographic location. Here are a few tactics that can help: Regular Virtual Meetups : Schedule weekly check-ins or team-building events where team members can share updates, ask questions, and bond. Async Standups : Consider using tools like Geekbot to automate daily standups, enabling each member to share their progress and blockers asynchronously. Recognition and Feedback : Use platforms like 15Five to gather feedback and recognize individual contributions. It helps foster a positive work environment where team members feel valued. 4. Hire for Remote-Friendly Qualities Hiring for a remote-first tech team requires different criteria compared to an on-site environment. It’s crucial to look for qualities such as excellent written communication, self-motivation, and the ability to work autonomously. During the interview process, assess candidates for their comfort level with remote work by asking questions about their previous remote experiences, how they manage their time, and how they communicate asynchronously. Tools like HireVue can assist in conducting initial screenings through video interviews, allowing you to see how well candidates adapt to remote-first communication. Remember, some people thrive on the office atmosphere and are less efficient working from home, surrounded by distractions ranging from laundry to kids. Ask for an honest self-assessment: where do you perform better? When working from home, what does your day look like? 5. Focus on Employee Well-Being Employee well-being is fundamental for retaining top talent in a remote-first setup. As a startup CTO, your team's health should be a priority. Encourage employees to establish work-life balance, take breaks, and avoid overworking. Here are some ways to promote well-being: Flexible Work Hours : Give your team flexibility to work when they are most productive, keeping in mind that different time zones require adjustments. Wellness Programs : Platforms like Headspace or Calm can offer resources to help employees reduce stress and improve their mental health. No-Meeting Days : Designate a day of the week for no meetings to help everyone focus on deep work without interruptions. Context switching is a huge productivity killer. 6. Measure Team Performance Effectively Measuring performance in a remote-first environment can be tricky. Instead of relying on metrics like hours worked, focus on output-based performance indicators. Use tools like GitPrime to understand productivity metrics without micro-managing. Set clear, outcome-based goals for each team member and evaluate success based on these targets. Regular one-on-ones are also key for providing guidance, discussing blockers, and keeping each team member aligned with the broader business goals. 7. Prioritize Security and Data Protection Security is a non-negotiable aspect of building a remote-first tech team. Your remote employees will be accessing company resources from various locations, which presents unique challenges in terms of data protection. VPN and Endpoint Protection : Make sure that your team uses a secure VPN and endpoint protection software when accessing company servers. Password Managers : Tools like 1Password or LastPass can help keep team credentials secure. Multi-Factor Authentication : Enforce MFA to ensure that access to sensitive data is protected. Establishing best practices for security and ensuring that everyone understands the importance of cybersecurity is critical to preventing data breaches and protecting your business. 8. Choose a Collaborative AI Platform Selecting the right AI platform is essential for boosting productivity and collaboration among your remote team. Fine is designed specifically for teams, offering seamless integration with tools like Linear and GitHub, making it ideal for remote work. Unlike IDE-based AI assistants that are more suited for solo developers, Fine provides an all-in-one AI coding agent that enhances teamwork and accelerates startup growth. 9. Stay on Top of Code Reviews When working remotely, it can be easy for developers to finish writing code and leave it sitting, waiting for review for days or even weeks. Code reviews are essential for maintaining quality and ensuring knowledge sharing across the team. Use tools like Linear and GitHub to keep track of open tickets and close them efficiently. Setting up automated reminders for reviewers can help ensure that reviews are completed promptly, keeping the team moving forward and avoiding bottlenecks. Conclusion Building a remote-first tech team as a startup CTO is no easy feat, but with the right tools and strategies, it can lead to a more diverse and efficient development team. By focusing on communication, collaboration, culture, and security, you can create an environment where your remote team can thrive and innovate. The success of a remote-first team lies not just in the tools you use, but in how you nurture your team culture and make everyone feel connected despite the distance. Start small, iterate, and adapt as you learn more about your team’s needs—that’s how you’ll build a resilient and agile remote-first team ready for anything. Are you looking to streamline your development processes with collaborative AI coding? Discover how Fine can help your remote team collaborate better to ship software and boost productivity. Sign up today and see what AI-driven development can do for you! Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/how-to-deploy-and-integrate-mcp-servers-with-coderabbit | How to deploy and integrate MCP servers with CodeRabbit Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy How to deploy and integrate MCP servers with CodeRabbit by Ankur Tyagi English Product November 20, 2025 7 min read November 20, 2025 7 min read Why use MCP with CodeRabbit? Prerequisites Set up Slack MCP server with Claude Desktop Connect the Slack MCP server to CodeRabbit Integrate and test MCP servers with CodeRabbit Next steps Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.suprsend.com/comparison-page/messagebird-vs-karix-2023 | Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up Email management Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Nikita Navral • December 2, 2025 TABLE OF CONTENTS Businesses rely on cloud communications platforms to power SMS alerts, authentication flows, customer engagement, and global voice calling. With so many options available, it’s important to understand how the major players differ in capabilities, pricing, and security. Below is a clear comparison of RingCentral, MessageBird, Plivo, Karix, Twilio, Sinch, Exotel, Telnyx, Ooma, Bandwidth, Gupshup, Vonage, and Amazon SNS - with key features, cost, and security included for each. Twilio Key Features: SMS/MMS, voice, WhatsApp, chat, email (SendGrid), video, global phone numbers, user authentication. Cost: Pay-as-you-go. US SMS ~ $0.0079 outbound; voice outbound ~ $0.014/min. SendGrid email plans start at $19.95/month. Security: HTTPS APIs, API key authentication, enterprise-grade controls depending on product. MessageBird (Bird) Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, email, voice, multichannel inbox, 2FA/verify, omnichannel automation. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.008/message; WhatsApp from ~$0.005/message; dedicated numbers from ~$0.50/month. Security: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, SOC 2 Type II, GDPR-aligned, regulated under Dutch telecommunications authority. Plivo Key Features: SMS, MMS, voice APIs, WhatsApp, user verification APIs, Fraud Shield protection. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.0055/message; MMS ~ $0.018/message; plans also available starting around $25/month. Security: Fraud Shield for SMS fraud, standard API security, compliance frameworks appropriate for telecom workflows. Sinch Key Features: Global messaging, voice APIs, phone number provisioning, enterprise conversational tools, in-app voice/video SDKs. Cost: Pay-as-you-go; pricing varies by region and channel. Security: Enterprise security posture; used widely by large regulated businesses. RingCentral Key Features: Enterprise UCaaS and CCaaS — voice, video, messaging, contact center, team collaboration. Cost: Subscription-based; varies by seat and plan tier. Security: 99.999% uptime SLA, enterprise compliance standards, secure global network. Vonage Key Features: Business phone systems, unified communications, plus APIs for voice, SMS, video, messaging. Cost: Varies by product; SMS and voice pricing similar to other CPaaS players. Security: Industry-standard certifications (ISO 27001, HIPAA support in certain offerings). Bandwidth Key Features: Voice, messaging, emergency services APIs built on its own carrier network. Cost: Usage-based; typically competitive because Bandwidth owns telecom infrastructure. Security: Strong network-level security due to owning carrier backbone; enterprise-grade controls. Telnyx Key Features: Programmable voice, SMS, SIP trunking, wireless IoT, phone numbers; operates its own global private network. Cost: Generally lower than Twilio in many regions; usage-based for SMS/voice. Security: Private global network architecture, encrypted communications, strong compliance posture. Karix Key Features: SMS, voice, WhatsApp, and multichannel messaging, with strong performance in India/APAC. Cost: Pricing varies by region and volume; typically optimized for India and emerging markets. Security: Regional telecom compliance; enterprise messaging security standards. Exotel Key Features: Cloud telephony, IVR, virtual numbers, call routing, contact-center tools, SMS, WhatsApp. Cost: Region-based pricing; popular for cost-effective India/SEA deployments. Security: Telecom-grade compliance in India, SEA, and Middle East markets. Gupshup Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, RCS, conversational messaging, bot frameworks, commerce and marketing flows. Cost: Pricing varies by channel and country; optimized for India, LATAM, and emerging markets. Security: Regional compliance and enterprise-grade security for messaging workflows. Ooma Key Features: SMB VoIP phone systems, virtual receptionist, call routing, basic business telephony. Cost: Subscription-based; lower-cost than enterprise UCaaS providers. Security: Standard SMB business-telephony protections; not CPaaS-level programmability. Amazon SNS Key Features: Pub/Sub messaging, SMS notifications, push notifications, email; part of AWS event-driven architecture. Cost: Pay-as-you-go based on notifications sent; AWS regional SMS pricing applies. Security: Inherits AWS IAM, encryption, compliance, monitoring, and infrastructure security. Which Platform Fits Which Use Case? If you want developer APIs to build custom communication flows: Twilio, Plivo, Telnyx, Bandwidth. If you need enterprise communication suites for internal teams: RingCentral, Vonage, Ooma for SMBs. If global omnichannel messaging is key: MessageBird, Sinch, Gupshup, Karix, Exotel. If you’re on AWS and only need notifications: Amazon SNS. Conclusion Each provider has unique strengths: some excel at global messaging, others at enterprise unified communications, others at developer-centric programmability. Understanding key features, pricing, and security posture helps narrow down the best fit for your product, geography, and scale. 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https://www.openapis.org/blog/2021/02/16/migrating-from-openapi-3-0-to-3-1-0?ref=apisyouwonthate.com | Migrating from OpenAPI 3.0 to 3.1.0 – OpenAPI Initiative Skip to main content search Menu About About Technical Steering Committee Code of Conduct Transparency Report Specifications OpenAPI Publications Latest OAS Arazzo Specifications Overlay Spec Registries Learn about the OAI Spec Share your OAS Implementations! Participate How To Contribute How to Participate on GitHub Join Us on Slack Calendar Governance Project Charter Technical Steering Committee Technical Oversight Board Code of Conduct Travel Expense Reimbursement Policy Membership Current Members Learn about Membership Join Now Testimonials Member Support Blog FAQ FAQ The OpenAPI Initiative Style Guide OpenAPI Blog Guidelines Presentations What is OpenAPI? Events linkedin github search Search Close Search Migrating from OpenAPI 3.0 to 3.1.0 By OpenAPI Initiative February 16, 2021 Blog No Comments This post is authored by Phil Sturgeon, product manager, Stoplight, and Chairperson, Protect Earth. If you’d like to donate to Phil’s charity of choice, please see Protect Earth which is reforesting the U.K. one field at a time. OpenAPI v3.1 brings a lot of great new functionality and improvements , and at some point in the near future you might find yourself wanting to upgrade. If you’re ready to give it a try, let’s take a look at the changes you may, or may not, need to make in order to get onto OpenAPI v3.1. First things first, let’s change that version number! Open up your OpenAPI JSON or YAML file, and look for this line: openapi: 3.0.3 Change that to. openapi: 3.1.0 If instead of `openapi: 3.0.3` you see `swagger: 2.0` then see if swagger2openapi can help you upgrade to v3.0 before continuing. In a perfect world this would be all you need to do, but despite the minor version number, v3.1 does have some small breaking changes. This decision was not made lightly. Thankfully the scope of the breaking changes is incredibly small, limited to the Schema Object, and achieves a much greater goal: full compatibility with modern JSON Schema. OpenAPI Schema is now valid JSON Schema Everything inside the `schema` keyword in OpenAPI is defined by the Schema Object . This has always been loosely based on JSON Schema, and referred to as a “subset superset” because it adds some things, and removes some other things from JSON Schema. This has caused confusion for some folks in the OpenAPI community. To resolve the subset superset problem, contributors from both communities came together, and got these two specifications aligned. OpenAPI v3.0 was based on JSON Schema Draft 05, and JSON Schema has gone through a few drafts since then: Draft 06, Draft 07, and Draft 2019-09. Now thanks to feedback gathered from users and tooling maintainers during the v3.1.0 release candidates, one more small draft was released: Draft 2020-12 . This should be the last one for a while and no major changes are planned by the JSON Schema crew, so if all goes well a final release is on the horizon, to avoid any further discrepancies. Supporting modern JSON Schema brings lots of handy new functionality, including being able to use items arrays for tuples , or the if/then/else keywords as an alternative to awkward nested allOf > oneOf chains some folks were using for more dynamic payloads. We don’t need to learn every new thing JSON Schema can do right now, but if we’re going to upgrade we will need to know what to change in our OpenAPI documents. Schema Object Changes Swap nullable for type arrays In line with JSON Schema, the `type` keyword can now define multiple types for a schema with an array. This is useful new functionality, but has also made nullable redundant. In order to achieve the goal of letting JSON Schema tools understand OpenAPI, it was decided to remove nullable entirely instead of deprecate it. # OpenAPI v3.0 type: string nullable: true # OpenAPI v3.1 type: - "string" - "null" This follows the keyword independence concept, where keywords should only add constraints, but adding one more keyword should not remove a constraint. Find and replace should solve this one rather quickly. Tweak exclusiveMinimum and exclusiveMaximum These two keywords used to take a boolean value, which would modify the meaning of the `minimum` and `maximum` properties. In OpenAPI v3.1 they are distinct values. # OpenAPI v3.0 minimum: 7 exclusiveMinimum: true # OpenAPI v3.1 exclusiveMinimum: 7 Again this one can be solved with some find and replace, and I’d wager many of you don’t even use this keyword for anything. Use examples not example OpenAPI has a lot of places that can have an example, or multiple examples. OpenAPI v3.0 can have `example` or `examples` at the Media Type level (requests, responses, callbacks, and webooks) but it can also have a very different type of `example` inside the Schema Object. This schema object singular example was an OpenAPI-specific keyword which is no longer necessary now as JSON Schema has `examples`. This might need an visualisation, which I will defer to Lorna Mitchell because she made some excellent slides for her talk at APIDays Paris. # OpenAPI v3.0 type: string example: fedora # OpenAPI v3.1 type: string examples: - fedora Basically switching any `example` inside a `schema` to `examples` and adding a hyphen at the start (which is a YAML array). This is more typing if you’re writing YAML entirely by hand instead of using a visual editor, but it’s also a feature: adding multiple examples is now a lot easier. In the past to get multiple examples for a property or schema you would have to switch the type of example being used, from a property example to a media type example, which felt like overkill. Now you can do this: type: string examples: - fedora - ubuntu Describing File Upload Payloads In OpenAPI v3.0, describing file uploads was signalled with a type: string and the format set to byte, binary, or base64. JSON Schema helps make this far more clear with its contentEncoding and contentMediaType keywords, which are designed for exactly this sort of use. Uploading a binary file in a POST request? No need to even use a schema now. # OpenAPI v3.0 requestBody: content: application/octet-stream: schema: type: string format: binary # OpenAPI v3.1 # OpenAPI v3.1 requestBody: content: application/octet-stream: {} Uploading an image with base64 encoding? # OpenAPI v3.0 requestBody: content: image/png: schema: type: string format: base64 # OpenAPI v3.1 requestBody: content: image/png: schema: type: string contentEncoding: base64 Multipart file uploads with a binary file? # OpenAPI v3.0 requestBody: content: multipart/form-data: schema: type: object properties: orderId: type: integer fileName: type: string format: binary # OpenAPI v3.1 requestBody: content: multipart/form-data: schema: type: object properties: orderId: type: integer fileName: type: string contentMediaType: application/octet-stream This keyword supports all encodings defined in RFC4648 , including “base64” and “base64url”, as well as “quoted-printable” from RFC2045 . Declaring $schema Dialects to protect against change That’s it for things you’ll need to change, and there’s lots of other functionality I could talk about, but one thing which will help avoid change in the future is the ability to define a $schema in your schemas. $schema now allowed The $schema keyword is optional but a useful way to define exactly what JSON Schema dialect a model is written in, which could be different drafts or even custom dialects. Tools which support multiple dialects can process the files slightly differently, meaning you don’t always need to make changes to all your models when upgrading OpenAPI versions in the future. OpenAPI is entirely compatible with JSON Schema because it is now a JSON Schema dialect, so by default any schema is using `$schema. “ https://spec.openapis.org/oas/3.1/dialect/base ”` dialect. If you split your schemas into other JSON/YAML files and use $ref to point to them, they could contain a different $schema and override this default. { $schema: "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", } This makes things a lot easier for tooling maintainers, because they no longer need to try and guess what draft a schema is by looking at where it is referenced from. In the past this created impossible situations where a single schema was referenced by OAS2 and OAS3 at the same time, and might have worked for a while, until a OAS3 specific keyword was added, now everything is broken for the OAS2 usage. Now all models can declare their own dialect and if an OpenAPI document references a dialect that the tools do not understand how to parse, it will be immediately clear, instead of breaking after several months of usage and confusing everyone. Comments are closed. --> Copyright © The Linux Foundation®. All rights reserved. The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our Trademark Usage page. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Privacy Policy and Terms of Use linkedin github Close Menu About About Technical Steering Committee Code of Conduct Transparency Report Specifications OpenAPI Publications Latest OAS Arazzo Specifications Overlay Spec Registries Learn about the OAI Spec Share your OAS Implementations! Participate How To Contribute How to Participate on GitHub Join Us on Slack Calendar Governance Project Charter Technical Steering Committee Technical Oversight Board Code of Conduct Travel Expense Reimbursement Policy Membership Current Members Learn about Membership Join Now Testimonials Member Support Blog FAQ FAQ The OpenAPI Initiative Style Guide OpenAPI Blog Guidelines Presentations What is OpenAPI? Events linkedin github | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
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This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program ( https://hackerone.com/x ). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement ( https://ads.x.com/terms ). Your Account You may need to create an account to use the Services. You are responsible for safeguarding your account, so use a strong password and limit its use to this account, and use two-factor authentication via an authenticator app or security key. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above. You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors' exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You agree that you will not work around any technical limitations in the software provided to you as part of the Services, or reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent that applicable law expressly permits. You may not do any of the following while accessing or using the Services: (i) access, tamper with, or use non-public areas of the Services, our computer systems, or the technical delivery systems of our providers; (ii) probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network or breach or circumvent any security or authentication measures; (iii) access or search or attempt to access or search the Services by any means (automated or otherwise) other than through our currently available, published interfaces that are provided by us (and only pursuant to the applicable terms and conditions), unless you have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate agreement with us (NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited); (iv) attempt to circumvent, manipulate, or disable systems and Services, including through "jailbreaking", “prompt engineering or injection", or other methods intended to override or manipulate safety, security or other platform controls; (v) forge any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any email or posting; (vi) in any way use the Services to send altered, deceptive or false source-identifying information; (vii) engage in any conduct that violates our Platform Manipulation and Spam Policy or any other Rules and Policies , including our Misuse of Reporting Features Policy ; or (viii) interfere with, or disrupt, (or attempt to do so), the access of any user, host or network, including, without limitation, sending a virus, overloading, flooding, spamming, mail-bombing the Services, or by scripting the creation of Content in such a manner as to interfere with or create an undue burden on the Services. It is also a violation of these Terms to facilitate or assist others in violating these Terms, including by distributing products or services that enable or encourage violation of these Terms. Ending These Terms You may end your legal agreement with us at any time by deactivating your accounts and discontinuing your use of the Services. See https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/how-to-deactivate-x-account for instructions on how to deactivate your account and the Privacy Policy for more information on what happens to your information. We may suspend or terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services at any time if we reasonably believe: (i) you have violated these Terms or our Rules and Policies , (ii) you create risk or possible legal exposure for us; (iii) your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; (iv) your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or (v) our provision of the Services to you is no longer commercially viable. We will make reasonable efforts to notify you by the email address associated with your account or the next time you attempt to access your account, depending on the circumstances. To the extent permitted by law, we may also terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services for any other reason or no reason at our convenience. In all such cases, the Terms shall terminate, including, without limitation, your license to use the Services, except that the following sections shall continue to apply: 2, 3, 5, 6, and the misuse provisions of Section 4 (“Misuse of the Services”). If you believe your account was terminated in error you can file an appeal following the steps found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/forms/account-access/appeals ). For the avoidance of doubt, these Terms survive the deactivation or termination of your account. 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability The Services are Available "AS-IS" Your access to and use of the Services or any Content are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The “X Entities” refers to X Corp., its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners, and licensors. Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, THE X ENTITIES DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. The X Entities make no warranty or representation and disclaim all responsibility and liability for: (i) the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any Content; (ii) any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services or any Content; (iii) the deletion of, or the failure to store or to transmit, any Content and other communications maintained by the Services; and (iv) whether the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure, or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the X Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. Limitation of Liability NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER TERMS TO THE CONTRARY, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, RELIANCE OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY USER OR THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN THE EVENT ANY PORTION OF THESE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS IS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE AS A MATTER OF LAW, THAT LIMITATION SHALL INSTEAD BE THE GREATEST LIMITATION PERMITTED BY LAW. BY AGREEING TO THESE TERMS OR USING THE SERVICES, YOU AGREE, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THAT THE X ENTITIES ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO YOU OR OTHERS FOR THE ACTIONS OR CONDUCT OF USERS AND THIRD PARTIES ON THE SERVICES, OR FOR ANY CONTENT USERS AND THIRD PARTIES SHARE ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING OFFENSIVE, DEFAMATORY, ILLEGAL OR OTHER OBJECTIONABLE CONTENT. Liquidated Damages Protecting our users’ data and our system resources is important to us. You further agree that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, if you violate the Terms, or you induce or knowingly facilitate others to do so, in addition to all other legal remedies available to us, you will be jointly and severally liable to us for liquidated damages as follows for requesting, viewing, or accessing more than 1,000,000 posts (including reply posts, video posts, image posts, and any other posts) in any 24-hour period - $15,000 USD per 1,000,000 posts. You agree that these amounts are (i) a reasonable estimate of our damages; (ii) not a penalty; and (iii) not otherwise limiting of our ability to recover from you or others under any legal or equitable theory or claim, including but not limited to statutory damages and/or equitable relief. You further agree that repeated violations of these Terms will irreparably harm and entitle us to injunctive and/or other equitable relief, in addition to monetary damages. 6. General We may revise these Terms from time to time. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the Terms, which will always be at https://x.com/tos , will govern our relationship with you. We will try to notify you of material revisions, for example via a service notification or an email to the email associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised Terms. The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, all disputes related to these Terms, the Services, or any patents — including without limitation disputes related to or arising from any Content (whether your or others’ Content), or your or others’ use of the Services or the complete or partial termination thereof — shall be brought and must proceed exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. For the avoidance of doubt, the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply regardless of whether a dispute or any claims contained therein are based in contract, tort, statute, common law, or otherwise, and the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply to pending and future disputes and shall apply to your dispute regardless of when the conduct relating to the dispute arose or occurred. The choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall also extend to disputes involving our U.S. corporate affiliates, who are intended third-party beneficiaries of this paragraph. Without prejudice to the foregoing, you agree that, in its sole discretion, X may bring any claim, cause of action, or dispute we have against you in any competent court in the country in which you reside that has jurisdiction and venue over the claim. To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action or representative action proceeding against us or our corporate affiliates. If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States using the Services in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, these Terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a federal claim within one (1) year of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a state law claim within two (2) years of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. Otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently barred. In the event that any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary, and the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision. The X User Agreement is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X User Agreement shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X User Agreement. If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us . Effective: January 15, 2026 Archive of Previous Terms X Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affiliates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Internet Unlimited Company (Co. number 503351, VAT number IE9803175Q), an Irish company, which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland. The words “we,” “us,” and “our,” mean X Internet Unlimited Company. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. Content recommendations are made based on a combination of factors: how you engage with the Services, the topics you have indicated that you are interested in, and likes of other users with your similar interests. Adjustments can be made in your settings, and additional information can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/resources/recommender-systems ). All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generate, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames if it is appropriate, including for the following reasons: (i) protecting the Services or our users; (ii) compliance with applicable laws or orders from competent authorities; (iii) breach of these Terms or our Rules and Policies or third parties' intellectual property or other rights; (iv) if you or your Content exposes us, other users or any third party to legal or regulatory risk; and/or (v) your prolonged inactivity. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/behind-the-curtain-what-it-really-takes-to-bring-a-new-model-online-at-coderabbit | What it really takes to bring a new model online at CodeRabbit Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Behind the curtain: What it really takes to bring a new model online at CodeRabbit by David Loker English Featured December 05, 2025 6 min read December 05, 2025 6 min read 1. The curiosity phase: Understanding the model’s DNA 2. The evaluation phase: Data over impressions 3. The adaptation phase: Taming the differences 4. The rollout phase: From lab to live traffic 5. The steady-state phase: Continuous vigilance 6. Why we do all this & why you shouldn’t have to Takeaway Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... | 2026-01-13T08:48:23 |
https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/2025-was-the-year-of-ai-speed-2026-will-be-the-year-of-ai-quality | 2025 was the year of AI speed. 2026 will be the year of AI quality. Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy 2025 was the year of AI speed. 2026 will be the year of AI quality. by Aravind Putrevu Featured English December 31, 2025 7 min read December 31, 2025 7 min read 2025: The year of speed The hidden costs: Operational incidents and quality regressions Developers felt empowered by AI in 2025, but uneasy about the code produced Why quality became the pain point no one could ignore The economic reality set in 2026: The year of quality Predictions: What 2026 will look like & how to adapt Shift 1: Companies will track different AI-related metrics Shift 2: Third party tools will be used to validate AI-code Shift 3: Multi-agent workflows will be used to validate code Shift 4: Companies will develop governance around how to use AI Conclusion: AI use will finally grow up this year Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=%22React%20vs%20Vue%20vs%20Angular%20vs%20Svelte%22%20by%20Henry%20Boisdequin%20%23DEVCommunity%20https%3A%2F%2Fdev.to%2Fhb%2Freact-vs-vue-vs-angular-vs-svelte-1fdm | JavaScript is not available. We’ve detected that JavaScript is disabled in this browser. Please enable JavaScript or switch to a supported browser to continue using x.com. You can see a list of supported browsers in our Help Center. Help Center Terms of Service Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Imprint Ads info © 2026 X Corp. Something went wrong, but don’t fret — let’s give it another shot. Try again Some privacy related extensions may cause issues on x.com. Please disable them and try again. | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://x.com/en/tos#twtr-main | X Terms of Service Skip to main content Terms of Service <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Terms of Service" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="RJPO" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link="https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/terms-of-service-2025-05-08/en/x-terms-of-service-2025-05-08.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> Terms of Service We have made some updates to our Terms of Service. This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program ( https://hackerone.com/x ). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement ( https://ads.x.com/terms ). Your Account You may need to create an account to use the Services. You are responsible for safeguarding your account, so use a strong password and limit its use to this account, and use two-factor authentication via an authenticator app or security key. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above. You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors' exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You agree that you will not work around any technical limitations in the software provided to you as part of the Services, or reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent that applicable law expressly permits. You may not do any of the following while accessing or using the Services: (i) access, tamper with, or use non-public areas of the Services, our computer systems, or the technical delivery systems of our providers; (ii) probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network or breach or circumvent any security or authentication measures; (iii) access or search or attempt to access or search the Services by any means (automated or otherwise) other than through our currently available, published interfaces that are provided by us (and only pursuant to the applicable terms and conditions), unless you have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate agreement with us (NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited); (iv) attempt to circumvent, manipulate, or disable systems and Services, including through "jailbreaking", “prompt engineering or injection", or other methods intended to override or manipulate safety, security or other platform controls; (v) forge any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any email or posting; (vi) in any way use the Services to send altered, deceptive or false source-identifying information; (vii) engage in any conduct that violates our Platform Manipulation and Spam Policy or any other Rules and Policies , including our Misuse of Reporting Features Policy ; or (viii) interfere with, or disrupt, (or attempt to do so), the access of any user, host or network, including, without limitation, sending a virus, overloading, flooding, spamming, mail-bombing the Services, or by scripting the creation of Content in such a manner as to interfere with or create an undue burden on the Services. It is also a violation of these Terms to facilitate or assist others in violating these Terms, including by distributing products or services that enable or encourage violation of these Terms. Ending These Terms You may end your legal agreement with us at any time by deactivating your accounts and discontinuing your use of the Services. See https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/how-to-deactivate-x-account for instructions on how to deactivate your account and the Privacy Policy for more information on what happens to your information. We may suspend or terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services at any time if we reasonably believe: (i) you have violated these Terms or our Rules and Policies , (ii) you create risk or possible legal exposure for us; (iii) your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; (iv) your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or (v) our provision of the Services to you is no longer commercially viable. We will make reasonable efforts to notify you by the email address associated with your account or the next time you attempt to access your account, depending on the circumstances. To the extent permitted by law, we may also terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services for any other reason or no reason at our convenience. In all such cases, the Terms shall terminate, including, without limitation, your license to use the Services, except that the following sections shall continue to apply: 2, 3, 5, 6, and the misuse provisions of Section 4 (“Misuse of the Services”). If you believe your account was terminated in error you can file an appeal following the steps found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/forms/account-access/appeals ). For the avoidance of doubt, these Terms survive the deactivation or termination of your account. 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability The Services are Available "AS-IS" Your access to and use of the Services or any Content are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The “X Entities” refers to X Corp., its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners, and licensors. Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, THE X ENTITIES DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. The X Entities make no warranty or representation and disclaim all responsibility and liability for: (i) the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any Content; (ii) any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services or any Content; (iii) the deletion of, or the failure to store or to transmit, any Content and other communications maintained by the Services; and (iv) whether the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure, or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the X Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. Limitation of Liability NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER TERMS TO THE CONTRARY, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, RELIANCE OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY USER OR THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN THE EVENT ANY PORTION OF THESE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS IS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE AS A MATTER OF LAW, THAT LIMITATION SHALL INSTEAD BE THE GREATEST LIMITATION PERMITTED BY LAW. BY AGREEING TO THESE TERMS OR USING THE SERVICES, YOU AGREE, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THAT THE X ENTITIES ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO YOU OR OTHERS FOR THE ACTIONS OR CONDUCT OF USERS AND THIRD PARTIES ON THE SERVICES, OR FOR ANY CONTENT USERS AND THIRD PARTIES SHARE ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING OFFENSIVE, DEFAMATORY, ILLEGAL OR OTHER OBJECTIONABLE CONTENT. Liquidated Damages Protecting our users’ data and our system resources is important to us. You further agree that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, if you violate the Terms, or you induce or knowingly facilitate others to do so, in addition to all other legal remedies available to us, you will be jointly and severally liable to us for liquidated damages as follows for requesting, viewing, or accessing more than 1,000,000 posts (including reply posts, video posts, image posts, and any other posts) in any 24-hour period - $15,000 USD per 1,000,000 posts. You agree that these amounts are (i) a reasonable estimate of our damages; (ii) not a penalty; and (iii) not otherwise limiting of our ability to recover from you or others under any legal or equitable theory or claim, including but not limited to statutory damages and/or equitable relief. You further agree that repeated violations of these Terms will irreparably harm and entitle us to injunctive and/or other equitable relief, in addition to monetary damages. 6. General We may revise these Terms from time to time. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the Terms, which will always be at https://x.com/tos , will govern our relationship with you. We will try to notify you of material revisions, for example via a service notification or an email to the email associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised Terms. The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, all disputes related to these Terms, the Services, or any patents — including without limitation disputes related to or arising from any Content (whether your or others’ Content), or your or others’ use of the Services or the complete or partial termination thereof — shall be brought and must proceed exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. For the avoidance of doubt, the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply regardless of whether a dispute or any claims contained therein are based in contract, tort, statute, common law, or otherwise, and the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply to pending and future disputes and shall apply to your dispute regardless of when the conduct relating to the dispute arose or occurred. The choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall also extend to disputes involving our U.S. corporate affiliates, who are intended third-party beneficiaries of this paragraph. Without prejudice to the foregoing, you agree that, in its sole discretion, X may bring any claim, cause of action, or dispute we have against you in any competent court in the country in which you reside that has jurisdiction and venue over the claim. To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action or representative action proceeding against us or our corporate affiliates. If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States using the Services in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, these Terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a federal claim within one (1) year of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a state law claim within two (2) years of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. Otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently barred. In the event that any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary, and the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision. The X User Agreement is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X User Agreement shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X User Agreement. If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us . Effective: January 15, 2026 Archive of Previous Terms X Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affiliates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Internet Unlimited Company (Co. number 503351, VAT number IE9803175Q), an Irish company, which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland. The words “we,” “us,” and “our,” mean X Internet Unlimited Company. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. Content recommendations are made based on a combination of factors: how you engage with the Services, the topics you have indicated that you are interested in, and likes of other users with your similar interests. Adjustments can be made in your settings, and additional information can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/resources/recommender-systems ). All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generate, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. 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https://www.suprsend.com/comparison-page/ooma-vs-plivo-2024 | Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up Email management Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Nikita Navral • December 2, 2025 TABLE OF CONTENTS Businesses rely on cloud communications platforms to power SMS alerts, authentication flows, customer engagement, and global voice calling. With so many options available, it’s important to understand how the major players differ in capabilities, pricing, and security. Below is a clear comparison of RingCentral, MessageBird, Plivo, Karix, Twilio, Sinch, Exotel, Telnyx, Ooma, Bandwidth, Gupshup, Vonage, and Amazon SNS - with key features, cost, and security included for each. Twilio Key Features: SMS/MMS, voice, WhatsApp, chat, email (SendGrid), video, global phone numbers, user authentication. Cost: Pay-as-you-go. US SMS ~ $0.0079 outbound; voice outbound ~ $0.014/min. SendGrid email plans start at $19.95/month. Security: HTTPS APIs, API key authentication, enterprise-grade controls depending on product. MessageBird (Bird) Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, email, voice, multichannel inbox, 2FA/verify, omnichannel automation. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.008/message; WhatsApp from ~$0.005/message; dedicated numbers from ~$0.50/month. Security: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, SOC 2 Type II, GDPR-aligned, regulated under Dutch telecommunications authority. Plivo Key Features: SMS, MMS, voice APIs, WhatsApp, user verification APIs, Fraud Shield protection. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.0055/message; MMS ~ $0.018/message; plans also available starting around $25/month. Security: Fraud Shield for SMS fraud, standard API security, compliance frameworks appropriate for telecom workflows. Sinch Key Features: Global messaging, voice APIs, phone number provisioning, enterprise conversational tools, in-app voice/video SDKs. Cost: Pay-as-you-go; pricing varies by region and channel. Security: Enterprise security posture; used widely by large regulated businesses. RingCentral Key Features: Enterprise UCaaS and CCaaS — voice, video, messaging, contact center, team collaboration. Cost: Subscription-based; varies by seat and plan tier. Security: 99.999% uptime SLA, enterprise compliance standards, secure global network. Vonage Key Features: Business phone systems, unified communications, plus APIs for voice, SMS, video, messaging. Cost: Varies by product; SMS and voice pricing similar to other CPaaS players. Security: Industry-standard certifications (ISO 27001, HIPAA support in certain offerings). Bandwidth Key Features: Voice, messaging, emergency services APIs built on its own carrier network. Cost: Usage-based; typically competitive because Bandwidth owns telecom infrastructure. Security: Strong network-level security due to owning carrier backbone; enterprise-grade controls. Telnyx Key Features: Programmable voice, SMS, SIP trunking, wireless IoT, phone numbers; operates its own global private network. Cost: Generally lower than Twilio in many regions; usage-based for SMS/voice. Security: Private global network architecture, encrypted communications, strong compliance posture. Karix Key Features: SMS, voice, WhatsApp, and multichannel messaging, with strong performance in India/APAC. Cost: Pricing varies by region and volume; typically optimized for India and emerging markets. Security: Regional telecom compliance; enterprise messaging security standards. Exotel Key Features: Cloud telephony, IVR, virtual numbers, call routing, contact-center tools, SMS, WhatsApp. Cost: Region-based pricing; popular for cost-effective India/SEA deployments. Security: Telecom-grade compliance in India, SEA, and Middle East markets. Gupshup Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, RCS, conversational messaging, bot frameworks, commerce and marketing flows. Cost: Pricing varies by channel and country; optimized for India, LATAM, and emerging markets. Security: Regional compliance and enterprise-grade security for messaging workflows. Ooma Key Features: SMB VoIP phone systems, virtual receptionist, call routing, basic business telephony. Cost: Subscription-based; lower-cost than enterprise UCaaS providers. Security: Standard SMB business-telephony protections; not CPaaS-level programmability. Amazon SNS Key Features: Pub/Sub messaging, SMS notifications, push notifications, email; part of AWS event-driven architecture. Cost: Pay-as-you-go based on notifications sent; AWS regional SMS pricing applies. Security: Inherits AWS IAM, encryption, compliance, monitoring, and infrastructure security. Which Platform Fits Which Use Case? If you want developer APIs to build custom communication flows: Twilio, Plivo, Telnyx, Bandwidth. If you need enterprise communication suites for internal teams: RingCentral, Vonage, Ooma for SMBs. If global omnichannel messaging is key: MessageBird, Sinch, Gupshup, Karix, Exotel. If you’re on AWS and only need notifications: Amazon SNS. Conclusion Each provider has unique strengths: some excel at global messaging, others at enterprise unified communications, others at developer-centric programmability. Understanding key features, pricing, and security posture helps narrow down the best fit for your product, geography, and scale. Share this blog on: Written by: Nikita Navral Co-Founder, SuprSend Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. SuprStack Inc. By clicking “Accept All Cookies” , you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. 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https://www.suprsend.com/comparison-page/messagebird-vs-exotel-2023 | Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up Email management Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Nikita Navral • December 2, 2025 TABLE OF CONTENTS Businesses rely on cloud communications platforms to power SMS alerts, authentication flows, customer engagement, and global voice calling. With so many options available, it’s important to understand how the major players differ in capabilities, pricing, and security. Below is a clear comparison of RingCentral, MessageBird, Plivo, Karix, Twilio, Sinch, Exotel, Telnyx, Ooma, Bandwidth, Gupshup, Vonage, and Amazon SNS - with key features, cost, and security included for each. Twilio Key Features: SMS/MMS, voice, WhatsApp, chat, email (SendGrid), video, global phone numbers, user authentication. Cost: Pay-as-you-go. US SMS ~ $0.0079 outbound; voice outbound ~ $0.014/min. SendGrid email plans start at $19.95/month. Security: HTTPS APIs, API key authentication, enterprise-grade controls depending on product. MessageBird (Bird) Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, email, voice, multichannel inbox, 2FA/verify, omnichannel automation. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.008/message; WhatsApp from ~$0.005/message; dedicated numbers from ~$0.50/month. Security: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, SOC 2 Type II, GDPR-aligned, regulated under Dutch telecommunications authority. Plivo Key Features: SMS, MMS, voice APIs, WhatsApp, user verification APIs, Fraud Shield protection. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.0055/message; MMS ~ $0.018/message; plans also available starting around $25/month. Security: Fraud Shield for SMS fraud, standard API security, compliance frameworks appropriate for telecom workflows. Sinch Key Features: Global messaging, voice APIs, phone number provisioning, enterprise conversational tools, in-app voice/video SDKs. Cost: Pay-as-you-go; pricing varies by region and channel. Security: Enterprise security posture; used widely by large regulated businesses. RingCentral Key Features: Enterprise UCaaS and CCaaS — voice, video, messaging, contact center, team collaboration. Cost: Subscription-based; varies by seat and plan tier. Security: 99.999% uptime SLA, enterprise compliance standards, secure global network. Vonage Key Features: Business phone systems, unified communications, plus APIs for voice, SMS, video, messaging. Cost: Varies by product; SMS and voice pricing similar to other CPaaS players. Security: Industry-standard certifications (ISO 27001, HIPAA support in certain offerings). Bandwidth Key Features: Voice, messaging, emergency services APIs built on its own carrier network. Cost: Usage-based; typically competitive because Bandwidth owns telecom infrastructure. Security: Strong network-level security due to owning carrier backbone; enterprise-grade controls. Telnyx Key Features: Programmable voice, SMS, SIP trunking, wireless IoT, phone numbers; operates its own global private network. Cost: Generally lower than Twilio in many regions; usage-based for SMS/voice. Security: Private global network architecture, encrypted communications, strong compliance posture. Karix Key Features: SMS, voice, WhatsApp, and multichannel messaging, with strong performance in India/APAC. Cost: Pricing varies by region and volume; typically optimized for India and emerging markets. Security: Regional telecom compliance; enterprise messaging security standards. Exotel Key Features: Cloud telephony, IVR, virtual numbers, call routing, contact-center tools, SMS, WhatsApp. Cost: Region-based pricing; popular for cost-effective India/SEA deployments. Security: Telecom-grade compliance in India, SEA, and Middle East markets. Gupshup Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, RCS, conversational messaging, bot frameworks, commerce and marketing flows. Cost: Pricing varies by channel and country; optimized for India, LATAM, and emerging markets. Security: Regional compliance and enterprise-grade security for messaging workflows. Ooma Key Features: SMB VoIP phone systems, virtual receptionist, call routing, basic business telephony. Cost: Subscription-based; lower-cost than enterprise UCaaS providers. Security: Standard SMB business-telephony protections; not CPaaS-level programmability. Amazon SNS Key Features: Pub/Sub messaging, SMS notifications, push notifications, email; part of AWS event-driven architecture. Cost: Pay-as-you-go based on notifications sent; AWS regional SMS pricing applies. Security: Inherits AWS IAM, encryption, compliance, monitoring, and infrastructure security. Which Platform Fits Which Use Case? If you want developer APIs to build custom communication flows: Twilio, Plivo, Telnyx, Bandwidth. If you need enterprise communication suites for internal teams: RingCentral, Vonage, Ooma for SMBs. If global omnichannel messaging is key: MessageBird, Sinch, Gupshup, Karix, Exotel. If you’re on AWS and only need notifications: Amazon SNS. Conclusion Each provider has unique strengths: some excel at global messaging, others at enterprise unified communications, others at developer-centric programmability. Understanding key features, pricing, and security posture helps narrow down the best fit for your product, geography, and scale. Share this blog on: Written by: Nikita Navral Co-Founder, SuprSend Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. SuprStack Inc. By clicking “Accept All Cookies” , you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. View our Privacy Policy for more information. Preferences Deny Accept Privacy Preference Center When you visit websites, they may store or retrieve data in your browser. This storage is often necessary for the basic functionality of the website. The storage may be used for marketing, analytics, and personalization of the site, such as storing your preferences. Privacy is important to us, so you have the option of disabling certain types of storage that may not be necessary for the basic functioning of the website. Blocking categories may impact your experience on the website. Reject all cookies Allow all cookies Manage Consent Preferences by Category Essential Always Active These items are required to enable basic website functionality. Marketing Essential These items are used to deliver advertising that is more relevant to you and your interests. They may also be used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement and measure the effectiveness of advertising campaigns. Advertising networks usually place them with the website operator’s permission. Personalization Essential These items allow the website to remember choices you make (such as your user name, language, or the region you are in) and provide enhanced, more personal features. For example, a website may provide you with local weather reports or traffic news by storing data about your current location. Analytics Essential These items help the website operator understand how its website performs, how visitors interact with the site, and whether there may be technical issues. This storage type usually doesn’t collect information that identifies a visitor. Confirm my preferences and close Get 10% OFF on your next order Subscribe to our newsletter and receive a 10% OFF coupon to use on your next order. Please check your email for your 10% OFF coupon Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://www.fine.dev/blog/chatgpt-canvas | Coding with ChatGPT Canvas: Elevate Your Workflow with Fine Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back Coding with ChatGPT Canvas: Elevate Your Workflow with Fine Table of Contents What Is ChatGPT Canvas? How Can Canvas Help You? Who Is Canvas Useful For? Comparing Canvas to ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 ChatGPT Canvas vs. GitHub Copilot ChatGPT Canvas vs. Cursor The Ultimate Workflow: Combining Canvas with Fine Why Fine Is the Superior Choice How Fine Outperforms the Rest Fine: More Than Just a Tool Conclusion: Transform Your Coding Experience with Fine What Is ChatGPT Canvas? ChatGPT Canvas is an interactive, visual platform that transforms the way developers interact with AI. Unlike traditional text-based AI models, Canvas provides a visual workspace where you can collaboratively write, edit, and debug code alongside an AI assistant. It's like having a smart whiteboard where both you and the AI can jot down ideas, spot errors, and iterate code in real-time. How Can Canvas Help You? Visual Collaboration : Work alongside an AI in a shared visual space, making it easier to understand complex code structures. Efficient Debugging : Identify and fix issues faster with AI-guided insights directly on your code. Revision Tracking : Keep a clear history of changes, making it simpler to revert to previous versions if needed. Who Is Canvas Useful For? Individual Developers looking to enhance their coding efficiency. Development Teams aiming for a collaborative environment with AI assistance. Educators and Students who benefit from visual learning tools. Comparing Canvas to ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 While ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 are powerful language models capable of generating and understanding code, they operate primarily through text-based interactions. ChatGPT-3.5 : Great for generating code snippets and answering straightforward questions. ChatGPT-4 : Offers improved context understanding and can handle more complex queries. Limitations: Lack of a visual interface makes it harder to manage large codebases. Iterative revisions are cumbersome due to the linear text format. Canvas Advantage : Provides an interactive visual workspace. Enhances collaboration by allowing both AI and developers to interact with code visually. ChatGPT Canvas vs. GitHub Copilot GitHub Copilot is an AI pair programmer that integrates into your IDE, offering real-time code suggestions. Strengths: Seamless IDE integration. Excellent for autocompleting code and generating boilerplate code. Limitations: Lacks a collaborative visual interface. Limited in managing code revisions and providing in-depth debugging assistance. Known for hallucinations. Limited to generating code live as you type. Canvas Advantage : Offers a shared visual space for collaboration. Better suited for debugging and iterative development. ChatGPT Canvas vs. Cursor Cursor provides live coding assistance with features like real-time collaboration and multi-language support. Strengths: Supports multiple languages. Allows for real-time collaboration. Limitations: Less focused on revision tracking. Limited debugging capabilities compared to Canvas. Canvas Advantage : Superior in revision management. Offers structured debugging tools within a visual interface. The Ultimate Workflow: Combining Canvas with Fine While ChatGPT Canvas significantly enhances your coding experience, integrating it with Fine takes your workflow to an entirely new level. Why Fine Is the Superior Choice Holistic Development Platform : Fine isn't just an AI assistant; it's a comprehensive platform that streamlines coding, project management, and workflow automation. Advanced AI Capabilities : Fine leverages state-of-the-art AI to assist in code generation, optimization, and error detection. Seamless Integration : Works effortlessly with tools like GitHub, Linear, and leading LLMs. Enhanced Collaboration : Fine's collaborative features are designed for both individual developers and teams. How Fine Outperforms the Rest Cloud-based, asynchronous coding : Delegate a task and get a notification when it’s complete. Customization : Tailor AI assistance to fit your project's specific needs. Scalability : Whether you're a solo developer or part of a large team, Fine adapts to your workflow. Fine: More Than Just a Tool Fine doesn't just complement your existing tools—it amplifies them. By combining Fine with ChatGPT Canvas: Boost Productivity : Achieve more in less time with AI-assisted coding and debugging. Improve Code Quality : Leverage Fine's advanced AI to write cleaner, more efficient code. Streamline Collaboration : Keep everyone on the same page with shared workspaces and real-time updates. Conclusion: Transform Your Coding Experience with Fine While ChatGPT Canvas, GitHub Copilot, and Cursor each offer unique benefits, Fine stands out as the most comprehensive solution for modern developers. It brings together the best features of these tools and adds its own powerful capabilities to deliver an unmatched coding experience. Don't settle for just improving your workflow—revolutionize it. Ready to elevate your development process? Sign up for Fine today and unlock the full potential of AI-assisted coding! Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://www.fine.dev/blog/vibe-coding-security | Vibe Coding Security: Best Practices for Building Secure AI-Powered Apps Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back Vibe Coding Security: Best Practices for Building Secure AI-Powered Apps In the era of vibe coding , indie hackers and makers are building AI-powered apps at lightning speed using no-code/low-code tools and AI assistants. Vibe coding (a term coined by AI expert Andrej Karpathy) is all about creating software by describing what you want in natural language and letting AI handle the heavy lifting of code ( Vibe Coding. AI-Assisted Coding for Non-Developers | by Niall McNulty | Feb, 2025 | Medium ). It’s an indie, fast-moving development style — imagine chatting with an AI to spin up your app, skipping a lot of the traditional coding grind. But moving fast doesn’t mean you can ignore security. In fact, AI app security becomes even more crucial when your code is generated on-the-fly. Without the right precautions, a vibe-coded project can quickly turn into a security nightmare for you and your users. Vibe coding empowers a new wave of creators to launch apps and prototypes in record time. You describe the “vibe” of the app or feature, and the AI generates the code; as Karpathy joked, “I just see stuff, say stuff, run stuff, and copy-paste stuff, and it mostly works” ( Vibe Coding. AI-Assisted Coding for Non-Developers | by Niall McNulty | Feb, 2025 | Medium ). However, that “mostly works” code can be riddled with hidden vulnerabilities if you’re not careful. Remember, AI isn’t a seasoned security engineer – it won’t automatically enforce best practices. The result? AI-generated code often looks fine and runs well, but may hide subtle (or not-so-subtle) security flaws ( Finding more vulnerabilities in vibe coded apps | Intigriti ). If vibe coding is about going from idea to app in a flash, think of security as the seatbelt for that joyride. In this post, we’ll explore common security pitfalls in vibe coding and practical best practices to keep your AI-powered creations safe. Let’s keep the indie dev vibes high and lock down our apps against threats! What is Vibe Coding (and Why the Rush?) Vibe coding is an approach to building software where you “go with the vibe” and let AI generate most of the code based on your guidance. Instead of hand-coding everything, you describe what you want – the features, the design, the behavior – and rely on AI tools (like GPT-4 based assistants or no-code platforms) to produce the code. It’s like having a supercharged pair-programmer who writes huge chunks of code while you provide high-level direction ( Vibe Coding. AI-Assisted Coding for Non-Developers | by Niall McNulty | Feb, 2025 | Medium ). This style started as a Silicon Valley buzzword after Karpathy noted that with advanced AI, “the hottest new programming language is English” ( Vibe Coding. AI-Assisted Coding for Non-Developers | by Niall McNulty | Feb, 2025 | Medium ). In other words, you tell the AI in plain English (or any natural language) what your app should do, and the AI writes the code for you. Why do makers love vibe coding? It massively lowers the barrier to creating software. If you’re an indie founder or a designer with an app idea but not a coding expert, vibe coding lets you prototype things by simply describing them. Even seasoned devs use it to speed up rote tasks and focus on the fun parts. You can build a functional MVP in a weekend, iterating just by tweaking your prompts or dragging some components. It’s development at the speed of thought – truly AI-powered app creation. However, the rush and convenience come with a trade-off: you might skip or overlook important security steps. When you’re vibing your way through a project, it’s easy to forget things like configuring authentication properly or sanitizing user input. The AI will happily churn out code that “works” without warning you of its security holes. As one security researcher put it, vibe coding can be a “hacker’s dream” because developers may blindly trust AI-generated code, which can have glaring vulnerabilities ( Finding more vulnerabilities in vibe coded apps | Intigriti ). Speed is awesome, but not if it leaves your app wide open to bad actors. That’s why understanding the security implications of vibe coding is so important. ( File:Cybersecurity.png - Wikimedia Commons ) A padlock superimposed on a circuit board symbolizes the need to lock down security in your fast-paced AI app projects. Even when you're moving quickly, keeping your app secure should be part of the plan from day one. Common Security Pitfalls for Vibe Coders Moving fast with AI assistance can introduce classic security mistakes. Let’s look at some common security pitfalls vibe coders might face when building secure no-code apps or AI-driven projects in a hurry: Weak or No Authentication: In the rush to get a working app, you might launch without proper login/authorization or use a flimsy default. For example, an indie-built admin panel might trust a client-side flag or a simple password hardcoded in the frontend – leaving the door wide open to anyone who discovers it ( Finding more vulnerabilities in vibe coded apps | Intigriti ). Skipping robust auth means user accounts and sensitive data aren’t really protected. Authentication best practices (like using secure identity providers or at least a well-tested library) are critical, even for quick MVPs. No Rate Limiting or Throttling: Many vibe-coded apps lack any rate limits on API calls or form submissions. This means an attacker (or even an overly enthusiastic user) can spam requests repeatedly. Without rate limiting, your shiny new AI feature could be overwhelmed or an attacker could brute-force credentials or API keys. Indie hackers often forget to add this layer of defense. The result? Your app could rack up huge usage bills or go down from a simple denial-of-service flood. Always put some sane limits in place (per IP or per user) for things like login attempts and expensive operations. Hardcoded API Keys and Secrets: AI-generated code has a bad habit of embedding secrets right in the code. It’s not unusual to find API keys, database passwords, or tokens written plainly in an AI-produced snippet (e.g. const API_KEY = "sk-12345..." ). This is like hiding your house key under the welcome mat – it won’t fool anyone for long ( Vibe Coding 404: How Not to Give Your Secrets Away - LLM Watch ). In fact, a recent report found nearly 24 million secrets leaked on GitHub in one year, and projects using AI coding tools had a 40% higher rate of exposed secrets ( A Vibe Coding Security Playbook: Keeping AI-Generated Code Safe ) ( A Vibe Coding Security Playbook: Keeping AI-Generated Code Safe ). Hardcoding credentials is an obvious no-no, but when you’re vibe coding, the AI might do it by default unless you stop and fix it. Poor Data Handling & Input Validation: Many vibe-coded apps work great for the “happy path” but fall apart on bad inputs. If you’re not validating user input, you’re inviting classic attacks like SQL injection and cross-site scripting. AI generators often omit input sanitization or use outdated practices. For example, an AI might build a database query by directly concatenating user input into SQL, making it trivially injectable ( A Vibe Coding Security Playbook: Keeping AI-Generated Code Safe ) ( A Vibe Coding Security Playbook: Keeping AI-Generated Code Safe ). Similarly, an AI-crafted form might accept any data and shove it into your database or UI without checks. This is how you get pwned by a single apostrophe in a text field or a <script> tag where you didn’t expect it. Never trust user-provided data – validate and sanitize everything, even if the AI didn’t do it for you. Insecure Default Configuration: When moving fast, you might stick with whatever defaults the framework or AI provided – sometimes those aren’t secure. This could mean using default admin accounts, leaving debug modes on in production, or not enforcing HTTPS. One experiment showed an AI code assistant creating a “minimal” app that completely dropped encryption and input checks , basically a hacker’s playground ( AI coders skip security to make code look pretty | Cybernews ). If you don’t review configs, you might, for instance, leave cloud storage files world-readable or not configure CORS properly, exposing your app’s data to the whole internet. Always review the default settings and tweak them to be safer (e.g. disable open signup if not needed, set secure cookies, etc.). These pitfalls are especially common because vibe coding trades explicit control for speed . The AI doesn’t know your security needs; it will happily produce code that gets the job done in the quickest way, which often means leaving out important safeguards. The good news is that with a bit of awareness, you can avoid these traps. Let’s talk about how to do that. Best Practices for Secure Vibe Coding Building fast doesn’t have to mean building insecurely. Whether you’re creating an indie web app with an AI code assistant or a LLM-powered app with a no-code tool, you can adopt some practical habits to boost security without losing development velocity. Here are some best practices tailored for vibe coders: 1. Use Secure Defaults and Frameworks Start your project with security in mind. Many modern frameworks and platforms have security features built-in – use them! For example, if your no-code platform offers roles/permissions, configure them properly from the get-go instead of leaving everything wide open. If you’re coding, choose libraries that enforce secure defaults (like ORM frameworks that parameterize SQL queries by default, preventing injection). Don’t turn off SSL or verification checks just to get something working. It’s easier to build on a secure foundation than to bolt on fixes later. In short, let the platform’s secure defaults do some of the work for you – they exist to protect you. This might include things like default HTTPS, content security policies, and sandboxed API keys with limited scope. 2. Don’t Roll Your Own Auth – Leverage Hosted Authentication Authentication is one area where you really shouldn’t reinvent the wheel, especially when you’re trying to move fast. Use a hosted auth service or a robust open-source solution for handling user sign-ups, logins, and identity management. Services like Auth0, Firebase Auth, or Supabase Auth (to name a few) can provide secure login, password storage, and even features like multi-factor auth out of the box. By using these, you avoid the common mistakes (like storing plain text passwords or poorly implementing session tokens). If you’re in a no-code environment, use the platform’s user authentication plugin or module rather than creating a hacky workaround. Secure authentication is crucial; it’s worth the few minutes to set up properly. This way you ensure that even as an indie app, your users’ accounts are safe and you have protections against things like brute force attacks (many auth services have built-in rate limiting and monitoring for suspicious logins). 3. Keep Secrets Out of Your Code Make it a rule: no API keys, passwords, or secrets in your source code or front-end. When the AI suggests putting a secret directly in code, change it to use environment variables or a secrets manager. For instance, instead of const dbPassword = "admin123"; , use process.env.DB_PASSWORD or the equivalent in your environment ( A Vibe Coding Security Playbook: Keeping AI-Generated Code Safe ). Nearly every hosting setup allows you to set environment variables – use that to store your keys securely on the server side. For more advanced setups or when collaborating, consider using a dedicated secret management tool (like Infisical, Doppler, HashiCorp Vault, etc.), which keeps secrets encrypted and accessible to your app but not visible in code. The benefit is twofold: you reduce the chance of accidentally leaking keys (say, in a public repo), and it’s easier to rotate or change them without editing code. Remember the stat above: millions of credentials get leaked because they’re in code repos ( A Vibe Coding Security Playbook: Keeping AI-Generated Code Safe ). Don’t join that club! Keep secrets separate from code – your future self (and your users) will thank you. 4. Validate and Sanitize All Inputs (and Outputs) When you vibe code, the AI might not include all the nitty-gritty validation logic – so you must add it. Never trust user input , whether it’s from a form field, an API request, or even data coming from an external integration. Always enforce the type, length, and format of data you accept. If a field should be an email, check it’s a valid email format. If a number is expected, ensure it’s numeric and within a sensible range. Use server-side validation even if you have client-side checks (because attackers can bypass client-side easily). For databases, use parameterized queries or ORM methods to prevent SQL injection ( A Vibe Coding Security Playbook: Keeping AI-Generated Code Safe ). For any text that you output to pages, use proper encoding to prevent XSS. Many frameworks have sanitation libraries – take advantage of those rather than trusting raw input. Essentially, be the skeptical partner to your overly optimistic AI assistant: assume every input is trying to break your app and code accordingly. It’s also wise to do some fuzz testing or use tools that generate random inputs to see if your app can handle the unexpected. As one developer noted, many vibe-coded apps work fine for the “happy path” but “fall apart with unexpected input” ( A Vibe Coding Security Playbook: Keeping AI-Generated Code Safe ) – so catch that before your users (or attackers) do. 5. Secure Your External Integrations and APIs Indie AI apps often call external APIs (for example, a GPT-4 API for some AI feature, or third-party services for payments, data, etc.). Securing these integrations is vital. A few tips: Protect your API keys: As mentioned, keep them out of client-side code. Also, restrict their permissions if possible (e.g. if an API key can be scoped to read-only or limited to certain endpoints, do that). Use HTTPS for all calls: This is usually default now, but ensure any external service URLs use https:// so data isn’t sent in plain text. Validate data from APIs: Don’t assume the data you get from a third-party is safe or in the format you expect. Treat it like any user input – check it before using it. There have been cases of upstream APIs returning malformed data that caused crashes or worse. Webhooks and callbacks: If you use webhooks (external services sending data into your app), secure them with secrets or signatures (many services let you include a secret token and verify it on your end). That prevents random actors from hitting your webhook endpoint pretending to be the service. Set up rate limits on your API endpoints: Yes, this was mentioned, but it bears repeating here as a practice. If you expose any API from your app (e.g. an endpoint that your frontend or other services call), add rate limiting and maybe authentication (like requiring an API key or auth token to use it). This prevents abuse and keeps your operation costs in check if someone tries to misuse your endpoints. 6. Embrace a “Security-First” Mindset (Even When Prototyping) Perhaps the most important practice is adopting a security-conscious mindset as you build. This doesn’t mean you need to become a full-time security researcher, but cultivate small habits that keep security in focus: Plan for abuse cases: When you add a new feature or prompt the AI for some code, spend a minute to think, “How could someone misuse this? How could it break?” If you add a file upload, consider that someone might upload a malicious file. If you add a text input, consider injections or extremely large inputs. A little brainstorming on abuse scenarios can guide you to add the right checks. Don’t assume “nobody will find my little app”: The moment your app is on the internet, bots are likely to start probing it. It’s not personal – they’re just searching for common vulnerabilities. So even if you only have 5 users today, a misconfigured open admin endpoint will eventually be discovered. Build as if you already have malicious users (because on the internet, you essentially do). Use tools to help: There are free and developer-friendly tools to scan your code for vulnerabilities. For example, you can run a static analysis (like ESLint plugins or Snyk) on your codebase to catch obvious issues. Even asking an AI (“Hey GPT, review this code for security problems”) can catch glaring mistakes – think of it as AI double-checking AI. In fact, one community tip is to pass your finished code through a separate AI or reasoning model and have it explain potential security flaws ( If you are vibe coding, read this. It might save you! - Reddit ). This can be an easy extra step that might save your bacon. Keep learning the basics: Over time, try to familiarize yourself with the OWASP Top 10 (common web vulnerabilities) and secure coding basics. This isn’t homework for the sake of it – it directly helps you steer the AI to produce safer code. If you know, for instance, about XSS, you’ll remember to prompt the AI to encode output or you’ll catch where it forgot to do so. Security knowledge is a superpower for a vibe coder, because you can inject that know-how into your prompts and designs. By approaching development with a security-first mindset, you essentially vibe code responsibly . You still get to move fast and break limits – but not break security. It’s like having a little guardian on your shoulder reminding you of the not-so-fun “what if” scenarios, so you can address them before they become real problems. Basic Security Checklist for Vibe Coders Finally, here’s a quick security checklist you can run through for any AI-powered indie app: ✅ Secure Authentication: Ensure you have proper user auth in place (use an existing auth service or library). No admin pages without login, no default creds. ✅ HTTPS Everywhere: Host your app with SSL and use https for all API calls. Free SSL certs (e.g. Let’s Encrypt) are easy to set up – there’s no excuse for serving over HTTP these days. ✅ Protect API Keys & Secrets: No hardcoded secrets in code or config that goes to the client. Use environment variables or a vault. Rotate keys if you suspect any leak. ✅ Input Validation: Validate all user inputs and API inputs. Reject or sanitize anything unexpected. Use allow-lists for values when possible (e.g. if only a few options are valid). ✅ Output Encoding: Escape or encode data before displaying it in the UI to prevent XSS. Never mix untrusted data directly into HTML/JS without proper handling. ✅ Rate Limiting and Throttling: Set up basic rate limits on logins, API endpoints, and any resource-intensive actions. This stops brute force attacks and abuse. ✅ Update Dependencies: Keep your libraries, packages, or plugins updated to pull in security patches. If the AI added a dependency, check that it’s the latest secure version. ✅ Logging and Monitoring: Even for a small app, have some logging of important events (logins, errors) and monitor for unusual activity. It can be as simple as using a service that alerts you on spikes or failures. ✅ Principle of Least Privilege: Give your app, users, and API keys the minimal access they need. For example, don’t run your database as root, and don’t grant a third-party API more permissions than necessary. This way, even if something is compromised, the damage is limited. ✅ Test Like an Attacker: Take a bit of time to do some basic pentesting on your own app. Try entering weird inputs, attempt forbidden actions, or use a scanner tool. You’ll often catch low-hanging fruit that way. Better you find the issues than a malicious actor does! Keep this checklist handy and run through it before you deploy your vibe-coded creation to the world. It’s a quick way to remind yourself of the essentials. Conclusion: Vibe coding lets you harness the power of AI and no-code to build amazing apps quickly – but with great speed comes great responsibility. By being mindful of security pitfalls and following these best practices, you can enjoy the best of both worlds: rapid development and robust security. Your indie app can have startup-like agility without making users worry about their data. So go ahead and build that next big thing, securely . Start building with security with Fine! ( Top 10 Vibe Coding Tools That Feel Like Magic in 2025 - DEV Community ) Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/the-rise-of-slow-ai-why-devs-should-stop-speedrunning-stupid | The rise of Slow AI: Why devs should stop speedrunning stupid Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy The rise of ‘Slow AI’: Why devs should stop speedrunning stupid by Howon Lee English Featured November 05, 2025 7 min read November 05, 2025 7 min read AI dev tools are often fast, confident, and wrong Why AI is better when it’s slow Slow is the new smart: Why we let our AI think So, why do most AI tools choose stupid over slow? CodeRabbit’s mantra: Move slow and fix things Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/slack-template#text-editor | Slack Template - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection GETTING STARTED What is SuprSend? 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Navigation Channel Editors Slack Template Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Channel Editors Slack Template OpenAI Open in ChatGPT How to design Slack templates using text editor or JSONNET editor for rich block kit templates. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Edit Template SuprSend provides two ways to design Slack templates: Text Editor : For simple text-based messages with variable interpolation JSONNET Editor : For rich, interactive templates using Slack’s Block Kit with buttons, images, and complex layouts Text Editor The text editor is ideal for simple text messages with variable content. You can add variables in Handlebars syntax as {{...}} . If the output has special html text, enclose variable in triple curly braces as {{{url}}} to avoid HTML escaping. Sample Template Mock Data Copy Ask AI New Signup request in ABC company UserName: {{user_name}} Email: {{user_email}} Organization: {{org.name}} Domain: {{org.domain}} JSONNET Editor The JSONNET editor enables rich template design using Slack Block Kit Builder . This allows you to create interactive templates with buttons, images, checkboxes, and styled text. It is essentially JSON template where variables can be added in JSONNET syntax as data.variable_name or data["$variable_name"] . Template Examples 1. Simple Text Template JSONNET Template Mock Data Copy Ask AI [ { "type" : "section" , "text" : { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : "New Signup on ABC company" } }, { "type" : "section" , "text" : { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : ">_UserName_: *%(user_name)s* \n >_Email_: *%(email)s* \n >_Organization_: *%(org_name)s* \n >_Domain_: *%(domain)s*" % { user_name : data.user_name , email : data.user_email , org_name : data.org.name , domain : data.org.domain } } }, { "type" : "divider" } ] 2. With Buttons: Approval Request Template Mock Data Copy Ask AI [ { "type" : "section" , "text" : { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : "Share access requested for *<%(document_link)s|%(document_name)s>*" % { document_link : data.document_link , document_name : data.document_name } } }, { "type" : "section" , "fields" : [ { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : "*Requested by:* \n " + data.requester_name }, { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : "*When:* \n " + data.submitted_at }, { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : "*Reason:* \n " + data.access_reason } ] }, { "type" : "actions" , "elements" : [ { "type" : "button" , "text" : { "type" : "plain_text" , "emoji" : true , "text" : "Approve" }, "style" : "primary" , "value" : "approve_access" }, { "type" : "button" , "text" : { "type" : "plain_text" , "emoji" : true , "text" : "Deny" }, "style" : "danger" , "value" : "deny_access" } ] } ] 3. With Image: Anomaly Alert Template Mock Data Copy Ask AI [ { "type" : "section" , "text" : { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : ":warning: *High Error Rate Detected* \n Our system has experienced a spike in errors over the last *30 minutes*." } }, { "type" : "section" , "text" : { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : "The error rate has significantly increased, impacting reliability. \n Please investigate immediately to avoid service degradation." } }, { "type" : "image" , "title" : { "type" : "plain_text" , "text" : "Request vs Failure Trend (Last 6 Hours)" , "emoji" : true }, "image_url" : data.image_url , "alt_text" : "Graph showing high error rate spike" }, { "type" : "section" , "fields" : [ { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : "*Impacted Services:* \n " + data.impacted_services }, { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : "*Time Range:* \n " + data.time_range }, { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : "*Error Rate:* \n " + data.error_rate } ] }, { "type" : "divider" }, { "type" : "context" , "elements" : [ { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : "🔍 View logs: <%(log_url)s|Open in Monitoring Tool> \n 📊 See metrics dashboard: <%(dashboard_url)s|Error Trends>" % { log_url : data.log_url , dashboard_url : data.dashboard_url } } ] } ] 4. With Array List: Pending Task Digest (Batched Alert) Template Mock Data Copy Ask AI [ { "type" : "section" , "text" : { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : "Hi " + data [ "$recipient" ] .name + " :wave:" } }, { "type" : "section" , "text" : { "type" : "mrkdwn" , "text" : "You have " +data [ "$batched_events_count" ] + " *pending tasks* for today:" } }, { "type" : "rich_text" , "elements" : [ { "type" : "rich_text_list" , "style" : "bullet" , "indent" : 0 , "elements" : [ { "type" : "rich_text_section" , "elements" : [ { "type" : "text" , "text" : task.title + " (" + task.status + ")" } ] } for task in data [ "$batched_events" ] ] } ] }, { "type" : "actions" , "elements" : [ { "type" : "button" , "text" : { "type" : "plain_text" , "text" : "View Pending tasks" , "emoji" : true }, "url" : "https://app.company.com/tasks" , "value" : "task_url" } ] } ] Adding dynamic content Here’s how you can different types of variables in both handlebars and JSONNET syntax. Variable Type Handlebars Syntax JSONNET Syntax Parent Level variables {{user_name}} data.user_name Nested Object {{org.name}} data.org.name Print Array element at Index {{task_list.[0].task_name}} data.task_list[0].task_name Recipient {{$recipient.name}} data["$recipient"].name Actor {{$actor.name}} data["$actor"].name Tenant {{$tenant.brand_name}} data["$tenant"].brand_name Print each item in the Array Handlebars JSONNET Copy Ask AI {{#each task_list}} {{task_name}}: {{task_description}} {{/each}} Conditional Logic Handlebars JSONNET Copy Ask AI {{#if is_new_org}} New Organization {{else}} Existing Organization {{/if}} Batched Template Handlebars JSONNET Copy Ask AI Total events: {{$batched_events_count}} {{#each $batched_events}} {{item}} {{/each}} Preview Template Add mock JSON data using the Mock data button for all variables used in the template Click Load Preview to see the rendered template For JSONNET templates, click View in Slack Block Kit to see the actual Slack UI preview You must add mock data for all variables in your template. Missing mock data will cause rendering errors and prevent the preview from loading. Publish Template Once your template is ready, click Publish Draft and provide a version name to publish it. The published template becomes the live version and will be used whenever the associated workflow is triggered. Test Template Use this option to send a test message in Slack and preview how it will appear in user’s device. Click the Test button, then enter the user’s distinct_id and select the Slack channel where the test message should be sent. Template testing only uses the published Live version, so make sure to publish your changes before testing. Promote to Production You can clone template across workspaces by using Clone -> Outside Template option. Clone -> Within template can be used to clone within different languages and versions of the same template. Best Practice : Always design templates in your staging workspace first, then promote them to production. This ensures thorough testing of the changes without impacting end users. Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Microsoft teams Template How to design simple MS Teams template using markdown editor or use JSONNET editor to replicate Microsoft's adaptive card design. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Edit Template Text Editor JSONNET Editor Template Examples Adding dynamic content Preview Template Publish Template Test Template Promote to Production | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://www.coderabbit.ai/blog/its-harder-to-read-code-than-to-write-it-especially-when-ai-writes-it | It's harder to review code than to write it -- especially with AI code Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Select language English 日本語 Terms of Service Privacy Policy CodeRabbit Inc © 2026 Products Pull Request Reviews IDE Reviews CLI Reviews Navigation About Us Features FAQ System Status Careers DPA Startup Program Vulnerability Disclosure Resources Blog Docs Changelog Case Studies Trust Center Brand Guidelines Contact Support Sales Pricing Partnerships Subscribe By signing up you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy It's harder to read code than to write it (especially when AI writes it) by Aleks Volochnev English Featured December 04, 2025 6 min read December 04, 2025 6 min read READING CODE IS ACTUALLY HARDER THAN WRITING IT. We’re human (unfortunately for code quality) The problem with "Catching it in review" Enter: CodeRabbit in an IDE The bottom line Back to blog Share Cut code review time & bugs by 50% Most installed AI app on GitHub and GitLab Free 14-day trial Get Started Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Catch the latest, right in your inbox. Subscribe Add us your feed. Keep reading Why users shouldn’t choose their own LLM models: Choice is not always good Giving users a dropdown of LLMs to choose from often seems like the right product choice. After all, users might have a favorite model or they might want to try the latest release the moment it drops. One problem: unless they’re an ML engineer runnin... An (actually useful) framework for evaluating AI code review tools Benchmarks have always promised objectivity. Reduce a complex system to a score, compare competitors on equal footing, and let the numbers speak for themselves. But, in practice, benchmarks rarely measure “quality” in the abstract. They measure whate... CodeRabbit's AI Code Reviews now support NVIDIA Nemotron TL;DR: Blend of frontier & open models is more cost efficient and reviews faster. NVIDIA Nemotron is supported for CodeRabbit self-hosted customers. We are delighted to share that CodeRabbit now supports the NVIDIA Nemotron family of open models amon... Get Started in 2 clicks. No credit card needed Your browser does not support the video. Install in VS Code Your browser does not support the video. | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://www.suprsend.com/comparison-page/bandwidth-vs-messagebird-2024 | Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up Email management Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Nikita Navral • December 2, 2025 TABLE OF CONTENTS Businesses rely on cloud communications platforms to power SMS alerts, authentication flows, customer engagement, and global voice calling. With so many options available, it’s important to understand how the major players differ in capabilities, pricing, and security. Below is a clear comparison of RingCentral, MessageBird, Plivo, Karix, Twilio, Sinch, Exotel, Telnyx, Ooma, Bandwidth, Gupshup, Vonage, and Amazon SNS - with key features, cost, and security included for each. Twilio Key Features: SMS/MMS, voice, WhatsApp, chat, email (SendGrid), video, global phone numbers, user authentication. Cost: Pay-as-you-go. US SMS ~ $0.0079 outbound; voice outbound ~ $0.014/min. SendGrid email plans start at $19.95/month. Security: HTTPS APIs, API key authentication, enterprise-grade controls depending on product. MessageBird (Bird) Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, email, voice, multichannel inbox, 2FA/verify, omnichannel automation. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.008/message; WhatsApp from ~$0.005/message; dedicated numbers from ~$0.50/month. Security: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, SOC 2 Type II, GDPR-aligned, regulated under Dutch telecommunications authority. Plivo Key Features: SMS, MMS, voice APIs, WhatsApp, user verification APIs, Fraud Shield protection. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.0055/message; MMS ~ $0.018/message; plans also available starting around $25/month. Security: Fraud Shield for SMS fraud, standard API security, compliance frameworks appropriate for telecom workflows. Sinch Key Features: Global messaging, voice APIs, phone number provisioning, enterprise conversational tools, in-app voice/video SDKs. Cost: Pay-as-you-go; pricing varies by region and channel. Security: Enterprise security posture; used widely by large regulated businesses. RingCentral Key Features: Enterprise UCaaS and CCaaS — voice, video, messaging, contact center, team collaboration. Cost: Subscription-based; varies by seat and plan tier. Security: 99.999% uptime SLA, enterprise compliance standards, secure global network. Vonage Key Features: Business phone systems, unified communications, plus APIs for voice, SMS, video, messaging. Cost: Varies by product; SMS and voice pricing similar to other CPaaS players. Security: Industry-standard certifications (ISO 27001, HIPAA support in certain offerings). Bandwidth Key Features: Voice, messaging, emergency services APIs built on its own carrier network. Cost: Usage-based; typically competitive because Bandwidth owns telecom infrastructure. Security: Strong network-level security due to owning carrier backbone; enterprise-grade controls. Telnyx Key Features: Programmable voice, SMS, SIP trunking, wireless IoT, phone numbers; operates its own global private network. Cost: Generally lower than Twilio in many regions; usage-based for SMS/voice. Security: Private global network architecture, encrypted communications, strong compliance posture. Karix Key Features: SMS, voice, WhatsApp, and multichannel messaging, with strong performance in India/APAC. Cost: Pricing varies by region and volume; typically optimized for India and emerging markets. Security: Regional telecom compliance; enterprise messaging security standards. Exotel Key Features: Cloud telephony, IVR, virtual numbers, call routing, contact-center tools, SMS, WhatsApp. Cost: Region-based pricing; popular for cost-effective India/SEA deployments. Security: Telecom-grade compliance in India, SEA, and Middle East markets. Gupshup Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, RCS, conversational messaging, bot frameworks, commerce and marketing flows. Cost: Pricing varies by channel and country; optimized for India, LATAM, and emerging markets. Security: Regional compliance and enterprise-grade security for messaging workflows. Ooma Key Features: SMB VoIP phone systems, virtual receptionist, call routing, basic business telephony. Cost: Subscription-based; lower-cost than enterprise UCaaS providers. Security: Standard SMB business-telephony protections; not CPaaS-level programmability. Amazon SNS Key Features: Pub/Sub messaging, SMS notifications, push notifications, email; part of AWS event-driven architecture. Cost: Pay-as-you-go based on notifications sent; AWS regional SMS pricing applies. Security: Inherits AWS IAM, encryption, compliance, monitoring, and infrastructure security. Which Platform Fits Which Use Case? If you want developer APIs to build custom communication flows: Twilio, Plivo, Telnyx, Bandwidth. If you need enterprise communication suites for internal teams: RingCentral, Vonage, Ooma for SMBs. If global omnichannel messaging is key: MessageBird, Sinch, Gupshup, Karix, Exotel. If you’re on AWS and only need notifications: Amazon SNS. Conclusion Each provider has unique strengths: some excel at global messaging, others at enterprise unified communications, others at developer-centric programmability. Understanding key features, pricing, and security posture helps narrow down the best fit for your product, geography, and scale. 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https://x.com/en/tos#int-chapter5 | X Terms of Service Skip to main content Terms of Service <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Terms of Service" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="RJPO" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link="https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/terms-of-service-2025-05-08/en/x-terms-of-service-2025-05-08.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> Terms of Service We have made some updates to our Terms of Service. This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program ( https://hackerone.com/x ). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement ( https://ads.x.com/terms ). Your Account You may need to create an account to use the Services. You are responsible for safeguarding your account, so use a strong password and limit its use to this account, and use two-factor authentication via an authenticator app or security key. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above. You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors' exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You agree that you will not work around any technical limitations in the software provided to you as part of the Services, or reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent that applicable law expressly permits. You may not do any of the following while accessing or using the Services: (i) access, tamper with, or use non-public areas of the Services, our computer systems, or the technical delivery systems of our providers; (ii) probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network or breach or circumvent any security or authentication measures; (iii) access or search or attempt to access or search the Services by any means (automated or otherwise) other than through our currently available, published interfaces that are provided by us (and only pursuant to the applicable terms and conditions), unless you have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate agreement with us (NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited); (iv) attempt to circumvent, manipulate, or disable systems and Services, including through "jailbreaking", “prompt engineering or injection", or other methods intended to override or manipulate safety, security or other platform controls; (v) forge any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any email or posting; (vi) in any way use the Services to send altered, deceptive or false source-identifying information; (vii) engage in any conduct that violates our Platform Manipulation and Spam Policy or any other Rules and Policies , including our Misuse of Reporting Features Policy ; or (viii) interfere with, or disrupt, (or attempt to do so), the access of any user, host or network, including, without limitation, sending a virus, overloading, flooding, spamming, mail-bombing the Services, or by scripting the creation of Content in such a manner as to interfere with or create an undue burden on the Services. It is also a violation of these Terms to facilitate or assist others in violating these Terms, including by distributing products or services that enable or encourage violation of these Terms. Ending These Terms You may end your legal agreement with us at any time by deactivating your accounts and discontinuing your use of the Services. See https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/how-to-deactivate-x-account for instructions on how to deactivate your account and the Privacy Policy for more information on what happens to your information. We may suspend or terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services at any time if we reasonably believe: (i) you have violated these Terms or our Rules and Policies , (ii) you create risk or possible legal exposure for us; (iii) your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; (iv) your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or (v) our provision of the Services to you is no longer commercially viable. We will make reasonable efforts to notify you by the email address associated with your account or the next time you attempt to access your account, depending on the circumstances. To the extent permitted by law, we may also terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services for any other reason or no reason at our convenience. In all such cases, the Terms shall terminate, including, without limitation, your license to use the Services, except that the following sections shall continue to apply: 2, 3, 5, 6, and the misuse provisions of Section 4 (“Misuse of the Services”). If you believe your account was terminated in error you can file an appeal following the steps found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/forms/account-access/appeals ). For the avoidance of doubt, these Terms survive the deactivation or termination of your account. 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability The Services are Available "AS-IS" Your access to and use of the Services or any Content are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The “X Entities” refers to X Corp., its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners, and licensors. Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, THE X ENTITIES DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. The X Entities make no warranty or representation and disclaim all responsibility and liability for: (i) the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any Content; (ii) any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services or any Content; (iii) the deletion of, or the failure to store or to transmit, any Content and other communications maintained by the Services; and (iv) whether the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure, or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the X Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. Limitation of Liability NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER TERMS TO THE CONTRARY, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, RELIANCE OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY USER OR THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN THE EVENT ANY PORTION OF THESE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS IS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE AS A MATTER OF LAW, THAT LIMITATION SHALL INSTEAD BE THE GREATEST LIMITATION PERMITTED BY LAW. BY AGREEING TO THESE TERMS OR USING THE SERVICES, YOU AGREE, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THAT THE X ENTITIES ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO YOU OR OTHERS FOR THE ACTIONS OR CONDUCT OF USERS AND THIRD PARTIES ON THE SERVICES, OR FOR ANY CONTENT USERS AND THIRD PARTIES SHARE ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING OFFENSIVE, DEFAMATORY, ILLEGAL OR OTHER OBJECTIONABLE CONTENT. Liquidated Damages Protecting our users’ data and our system resources is important to us. You further agree that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, if you violate the Terms, or you induce or knowingly facilitate others to do so, in addition to all other legal remedies available to us, you will be jointly and severally liable to us for liquidated damages as follows for requesting, viewing, or accessing more than 1,000,000 posts (including reply posts, video posts, image posts, and any other posts) in any 24-hour period - $15,000 USD per 1,000,000 posts. You agree that these amounts are (i) a reasonable estimate of our damages; (ii) not a penalty; and (iii) not otherwise limiting of our ability to recover from you or others under any legal or equitable theory or claim, including but not limited to statutory damages and/or equitable relief. You further agree that repeated violations of these Terms will irreparably harm and entitle us to injunctive and/or other equitable relief, in addition to monetary damages. 6. General We may revise these Terms from time to time. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the Terms, which will always be at https://x.com/tos , will govern our relationship with you. We will try to notify you of material revisions, for example via a service notification or an email to the email associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised Terms. The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, all disputes related to these Terms, the Services, or any patents — including without limitation disputes related to or arising from any Content (whether your or others’ Content), or your or others’ use of the Services or the complete or partial termination thereof — shall be brought and must proceed exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. For the avoidance of doubt, the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply regardless of whether a dispute or any claims contained therein are based in contract, tort, statute, common law, or otherwise, and the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply to pending and future disputes and shall apply to your dispute regardless of when the conduct relating to the dispute arose or occurred. The choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall also extend to disputes involving our U.S. corporate affiliates, who are intended third-party beneficiaries of this paragraph. Without prejudice to the foregoing, you agree that, in its sole discretion, X may bring any claim, cause of action, or dispute we have against you in any competent court in the country in which you reside that has jurisdiction and venue over the claim. To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action or representative action proceeding against us or our corporate affiliates. If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States using the Services in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, these Terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a federal claim within one (1) year of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a state law claim within two (2) years of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. Otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently barred. In the event that any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary, and the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision. The X User Agreement is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X User Agreement shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X User Agreement. If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us . Effective: January 15, 2026 Archive of Previous Terms X Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affiliates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Internet Unlimited Company (Co. number 503351, VAT number IE9803175Q), an Irish company, which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland. The words “we,” “us,” and “our,” mean X Internet Unlimited Company. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. Content recommendations are made based on a combination of factors: how you engage with the Services, the topics you have indicated that you are interested in, and likes of other users with your similar interests. Adjustments can be made in your settings, and additional information can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/resources/recommender-systems ). All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generate, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames if it is appropriate, including for the following reasons: (i) protecting the Services or our users; (ii) compliance with applicable laws or orders from competent authorities; (iii) breach of these Terms or our Rules and Policies or third parties' intellectual property or other rights; (iv) if you or your Content exposes us, other users or any third party to legal or regulatory risk; and/or (v) your prolonged inactivity. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://github.com/security/advanced-security/code-security#start-of-content | GitHub Code Security · GitHub Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... 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Detect vulnerabilities early and fix them with Copilot Autofix. Request a demo See plans & pricing What is GitHub code security? 28 min From vulnerability detection to remediation 3X Faster remediation on average with Copilot Autofix 90% Of alert types include AI-powered code suggestions Detect and remediate vulnerabilities early with AI-powered fixes Automate security checks Find security issues in real time with CodeQL’s powerful analysis that traces data flows throughout your application. Learn more about CodeQL Remediate at scale Get contextual explanations and AI-powered fixes for CodeQL-detected alerts with Copilot Autofix. Explore Copilot Autofix Reduce security debt GitHub Code Security continuously scans your code as you build, helping detect vulnerabilities early, fix them fast with Copilot Autofix, and ship securely. Catch risks early Identify new dependencies and check for vulnerabilities or license issues with the Dependency Review Action. Explore the Dependency Review Action “ Copilot Autofix streamlines security by flagging vulnerabilities and suggesting fixes instantly, keeping code secure while freeing teams for strategic work.” Mario Landgraf community manager of security at Otto GmbH & Co. KGaA Build secure software from day one Security should be built in, not bolted on. With Code Security, you can find, fix, and prevent vulnerabilities seamlessly—keeping your software resilient from development to deployment. Request a demo See plans & pricing Best practices for more secure software Discover developer-first security Take an in-depth look at the current state of application security. View the webinar Explore the DevSecOps guide Learn how to write more secure code from the start with DevSecOps. Read the whitepaper Avoid AppSec pitfalls Explore common application security pitfalls and how to avoid them. Read the whitepaper FAQs What is Code Security? GitHub Code Security empowers developers to secure their code without sacrificing speed. With built-in static analysis, AI-powered remediation, advanced dependency scanning, and proactive vulnerability management, teams can automatically detect, prioritize, and remediate security issues, all within their existing GitHub workflow—allowing them to deliver secure software faster and with greater confidence What is Copilot Autofix? Copilot Autofix uses AI-powered code suggestions to automatically fix security vulnerabilities identified by CodeQL. When a security vulnerability is detected, Copilot Autofix analyzes the code context, understands the underlying security issue, and generates a precise, contextually appropriate fix. This feature bridges the gap between vulnerability detection and remediation, enabling developers to review and apply AI-suggested fixes directly within their workflow. What are Security Campaigns? Security campaigns provide a structured framework for planning, tracking, and implementing security fixes across multiple repositories and teams allowing you to systematically burn down security debt. With With security campaigns, security teams can group related vulnerabilities, prioritize remediation efforts, assign ownership, and monitor progress through a unified dashboard. Security campaigns can be organized by vulnerability type, security initiative, compliance requirement, or any other logical grouping to coordinate security improvements at scale. What is dependency analysis? Dependency review scans pull requests for vulnerable dependencies before they're introduced into your codebase. It evaluates the security impact of dependency changes, identifying vulnerable packages and their severity levels to prevent security issues from being merged. 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https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/author/brigitmurtaugh | Brigit Murtaugh, Author at .NET Blog Skip to main content Microsoft Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Home Developer Microsoft for Developers Visual Studio Visual Studio Code Develop from the cloud All things Azure Xcode DevOps Windows Developer ISE Developer Azure SDK Command Line Aspire Technology DirectX Semantic Kernel Languages C++ C# F# TypeScript PowerShell Team Python Java Java Blog in Chinese Go .NET All .NET posts .NET Aspire .NET MAUI AI ASP.NET Core Blazor Entity Framework NuGet Servicing .NET Blog in Chinese Platform Development #ifdef Windows Microsoft Foundry Azure Government Azure VM Runtime Team Bing Dev Center Microsoft Edge Dev Microsoft Azure Microsoft 365 Developer Microsoft Entra Identity Developer Old New Thing Power Platform Data Development Azure Cosmos DB Azure Data Studio Azure SQL OData Revolutions R Unified Data Model (IDEAs) Microsoft Entra PowerShell More Search Search No results Cancel Dev Blogs .NET Blog Brigit Murtaugh .NET 10 is here! .NET 10 is now available: the most productive, modern, secure, intelligent, and performant release of .NET yet. Learn More Download Now Brigit Murtaugh Program Manager, .NET Brigit Murtaugh is a Program Manager on the .NET team, where she largely focuses on big data and machine learning. Author Topics .NET Apache Posts by this author Apr 21, 2020 Post comments count 5 Post likes count 1 Help us shape the future of deep learning in .NET Deep learning is a subset of machine learning used for tasks such as image classification, object detection, and natural language processing. It uses algorithms known as neural networks to learn and make predictions on image, sound, or text data. Neural networks learn from experience, just like we do as humans. Similar to how we may try an activ... .NET Mar 30, 2020 Post comments count 7 Post likes count 1 .NET for Apache® Spark™ In-Memory DataFrame Support .NET for Apache Spark is aimed at making Apache® Spark™, and thus the exciting world of big data analytics, accessible to .NET developers. .NET for Spark can be used for processing batches of data, real-time streams, machine learning, and ad-hoc query. The DataFrame is one of the core data structures in Spark programming. A DataFrame is a distri... .NET Feb 10, 2020 Post comments count 0 Post likes count 1 Using .NET for Apache® Spark™ to Analyze Log Data .NET for Apache Spark makes Apache® Spark™, and thus the exciting world of big data analytics, accessible to .NET developers. .NET for Spark can be used for processing batches of data, real-time streams, machine learning, and ad-hoc query. In this post, we explore how to use .NET for Spark to perform log analysis. Apache .NET Sign in Theme Code Block × Paste your code snippet Ok Cancel What's new Surface Pro Surface Laptop Surface Laptop Studio 2 Copilot for organizations Copilot for personal use AI in Windows Explore Microsoft products Windows 11 apps Microsoft Store Account profile Download Center Microsoft Store support Returns Order tracking Certified Refurbished Microsoft Store Promise Flexible Payments Education Microsoft in education Devices for education Microsoft Teams for Education Microsoft 365 Education How to buy for your school Educator training and development Deals for students and parents AI for education Business Microsoft Cloud Microsoft Security Dynamics 365 Microsoft 365 Microsoft Power Platform Microsoft Teams Microsoft 365 Copilot Small Business Developer & IT Azure Microsoft Developer Microsoft Learn Support for AI marketplace apps Microsoft Tech Community Microsoft Marketplace Marketplace Rewards Visual Studio Company Careers About Microsoft Company news Privacy at Microsoft Investors Diversity and inclusion Accessibility Sustainability Your Privacy Choices Opt-Out Icon Your Privacy Choices Your Privacy Choices Opt-Out Icon Your Privacy Choices Consumer Health Privacy Sitemap Contact Microsoft Privacy Manage cookies Terms of use Trademarks Safety & eco Recycling About our ads © Microsoft 2025 | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/email-template | Email Template - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection GETTING STARTED What is SuprSend? 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Navigation Channel Editors Email Template Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Channel Editors Email Template OpenAI Open in ChatGPT How to design email template using either drag and drop editor or code editor. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Design Template You can start designing beautiful HTML email with the drag & drop tool provided. You can add variables with Handlebarsjs language. The email template has 3 parts - Body (permanent background), Blocks (each block contains different types of content), Content (add Heading, Images, buttons, tables here). The email designed is responsive, you can see how the template looks on desktop and mobile by clicking on preview bar in bottom left corner. To add other details (subject, from name, from email, reply to and email markup) click on ‘ Other Email Settings ’. To adjust the width of your email template for desktop viewing, go to Body → Content Width option and adjust the width value as needed. Email fields description Field Description Subject Small text box. Use handlebarsjs to add variables From Name Display name which tells recipient who sent the email From Email Domain name must be registered with the vendor Reply To Domain name must be registered with the vendor cc Optional List of email ids. It is not a part of email design. To be sent with Events data or from Workflow Triggered by API bcc Optional List of email ids. It is not a part of email design. To be sent with Events data or from Workflow Triggered by API Attachment Optional Not a part of email design. To be sent as a parameters when Workflow is triggered from Backend . Email Markup Optional Schema.org markup which allows to add actions in the email itself. Events, tickets, delivery, one click actions, highlights can be sent in email. Use handlebarsjs to add variables. How to add email markup in email template What is Email Markup? Google has introduced schema.org markup which lets your Gmail recipients take actions on email itself. You can check here the list of actions and the sample schema.org that Google allows. Eligibility for sending Email Markups Before you start sending email markups, you must [ Register with Google ] Make sure to go through the Google Registration Guidelines to make sure your application is successful. Google however allows you to test Markups when you send from and receive email on the same account (e.g. from [email protected] to [email protected] Using Markup on SuprSend To use Email Markup on SuprSend, you can add your schema in ‘Other Email Settings’. You can take sample schema for your use case from Google reference guide You can add variables in the schema with handlebarsjs language When you are in testing phase and your markup request is not approved by Google, make sure your Sender Email id is the same as Recipient Email id. Please note that to send an email, you will need to integrate an Email vendor with SuprSend. Please visit the ‘Vendor Integration Guideline’ section to see vendors list and how to integrate them. Adding dynamic content in email There will always be the case where you would be required to add dynamic content to a template, so as to personalise it for your users. To achieve this, you can add variables in the template, which will be replaced with the dynamic content at the time of sending email. To send actual values to replace variables at the time of communication trigger, use one of our frontend or backend SDKs. Here is a step by step guide on how to add dynamic content in a template: 1 Declaring Variables in the global 'Variables' button: If you are at this stage, it is assumed that you have declared the variables along with sample values in the global Mock data button. To see how to declare variables before using them in designing templates, refer to this section in the Templates documentation . 2 Using variables in the templates: Once the variables are declared, you can use them while designing template for any channel. We support handlebarsjs to add variables in the template. As a general rule, all the variables have to be entered within double curly brackets: `{{variable_name}} Below are some examples of how to enter variables in the template design. For illustration, we are using the same sample variable names that we declared in the ‘Templates’ section: To enter a nested variable, enter in the format {{var1.var2.var3}} . e.g. to refer to city in the example above, you need to enter {{event.location.city}} If you have any space in the variable name, enclose it in square bracket {{event.[first name]}} To add array names, you need to use an email functionality called Merge Tags . Scroll below to the Merge Tags section. Auto-suggestions in email If you have defined the variables before hand, they will come as auto-suggestions. This will remove the chances of error like variable mismatch at the time of template rendering. You can get auto-suggestions when you type a curly bracket { , or you can use a functionality called ‘Merge Tags’. Variable Suggestions on typing '{' Merge Tags Merge tags allow end-users to dynamically add content to their email. Merge tags can be inserted into a block of text by clicking on the “Merge Tags” button in the text editor toolbar. The button is not shown if no variables are defined in the global Variables button. This is how ‘Merge Tags’ looks when you click on a Content block. Adding array elements In email, there is a difference on how to add array elements in the template, which can be used to send a list of items which could be dynamic in nature. If you have noticed, you do not get array elements in the drop-down suggestion when you type { In order to add array element, you will be required to necessarily use a functionality called Merge Tags . Follow these steps to add variable for array element in an email template: 1 Write an Array Object as per the sample below: Declare an array object in the Variables button. Below is a sample of variables defined. Note that variable array has a list of product items, with product_name, product_image, and product_price as array properties. Save it. 2 Pick a Row of your choice: Select a Row in which you want to add dynamic content of an array. You will see an additional button on the bottom left corner. 3 Select the arrays you want to add: When you click on it, you will see the list of all arrays that you have declared in the global Variables button. Select the array whose variables you want to add in the row. On associating an array element with the Row, you will see the color of selected row change to Green. 4 Select the variables of choice: Once selected, you will start seeing the array elements variables in the auto-suggestions. (You can type { or click on ‘Merge Tags’ to get the suggestion values). Select the desired variable, and the row will be repeated for all the elements that come at the time of email trigger. Display email blocks based on condition There can be a case where you would want to show or hide some content in the template based on a condition. To achieve this, you can add a display condition on a block and only show the content of that block to the users who satisfy the given condition. One such example could be to show branding watermarks in email templates to free users and not show them to paid users. Here’s how you can add display condition to an email block: 1 Add a block and add the relevant content on which you would want to apply the condition. Display condition can only be applied at a content block level. So, please ensure that you create a separate block for the content that you want to add display condition on 2 Select the block and click on the 'Display Conditions' checkbox from quick content settings or the right-hand side content settings 3 Add the condition in the editor and click on 'Create new condition' Add a relevant name and description to the condition. You can add condition in this format (condition <key> "==" <value>) . You can use any of the supported conditional operators in the conditional statement Once the display condition is created, you can use the same display condition across multiple content blocks. Supported conditional operators Operator Returns truthy when Sample Statement == LHS equals RHS 1 == “1” === LHS value as well as data type matches with RHS 1 === 1 > LHS is greater than RHS 2 > 1 \< LHS is less than RHS 1 < 2 >= LHS is greater than equals to RHS 2 >= 2 or 3 >= 2 \<= LHS is less than equals to RHS 2 <= 2 or 1 <= 2 != LHS is not equals RHS 3 != 1 !== LHS value or data type does not equal RHS 1 !== “1” OR condition For cases where your condition looks like users belonging to New York or Chicago , you can add or operator in your display condition. The block will be displayed if one of the conditions is true. Conditional statement for above example will look like this: (or (condition city ”==” “New York”) (condition city ”==” “Chicago”)) You can add as many conditions in the or statement as you want. AND condition For cases where your condition looks like users with monthly billing >= 100$ and yearly billing >= 1000$ , you can add and operator in your display condition. The block will be displayed if all the conditions in and statement are true. Conditional statement for above example will look like this: (and (condition monthly_bill ”>=” 100) (condition annual_bill ”>=” 1000)) You can add as many conditions in the and statement as you want. Email Preview You will be able to see the sample values in the Preview section, as well as in the Live version when you publish a draft. If you cannot see your variable being rendered with the sample value, check one of the following: Make sure you have entered the variable name and the sample value in the Variables button. Make sure you have entered the correct variable name in the template, as per the handlebarsjs guideline. At the time of sending communication, if there is a variable present in the template whose value is not rendered due to mismatch or missing, SuprSend will simply discard the template and not send that particular notification to your user. Please note that the rest of the templates will be sent. e.g. If there is an error in rendering Android Push template, but email template is successfully rendered, Android Push notification will not be triggered, but email notification will be triggered by SuprSend. Frequently Asked Questions I have added some HTML content in my template and the rendered email on my email client (gmail, outlook) is different from the preview shown in the editor. Email clients strip some HTML tags related to styling to script while rendering the email as it may pose security risks. You can use alternative tags to achieve similar output. You can check the supported tags in each email client here . Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous In-App Inbox Template How to design Inbox template with customisation options like action buttons, tags, pinning, and expiry. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Design Template Email fields description Adding dynamic content in email Auto-suggestions in email Merge Tags Adding array elements Display email blocks based on condition Supported conditional operators Email Preview Frequently Asked Questions | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://docs.suprsend.com/reference/building-with-llm | Building with LLMs - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection Developer Resources Overview Updates and Versioning Versioning and Support Policy SDK Changelog Authentication API Keys and Secrets Service Token Best Practices for Key & Token Management MCP Overview BETA Quickstart Tool List Building with LLMs Security Security SDKs and APIs SDKs Management API REST API Postman Collection Features Validate Trigger Payload Type Safety Testing Testing the Template Test Mode Monitoring and Logging Logs Data Out Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation MCP Building with LLMs Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog MCP Building with LLMs OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Use large language models (LLMs) to accelerate how you integrate SuprSend into your applications OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Whether you’re working with AI-assisted editors such as Cursor, Windsurf, or VS Code with Copilot, SuprSend provides dedicated tooling and resources to help LLMs understand and interact with your notification infrastructure more effectively. Plain text docs Every page in the SuprSend documentation can be accessed in plain text format by appending a .md extension. For example, this page is available at building-with-llms.md . Plain text pages are especially useful when feeding documentation into an LLM, making it easier for the model to guide you during integration. We also provide llms.txt and llms-full.txt endpoints, which outline how AI agents and tools can systematically access the plain text versions of our docs. SuprSend MCP Server SuprSend ships an MCP server that exposes SuprSend’s core building blocks—workflows, users, tenants, objects, and preferences—to LLMs and AI agents via the Model Context Protocol (MCP) . With the SuprSend MCP server, you can: Generate and refine code using natural language through AI-powered editors and agent tools. Query SuprSend documentation directly to resolve integration and setup questions faster. Build integrations quickly by allowing AI agents to call SuprSend tools without writing custom API wrappers. Trigger and test workflows interactively using plain-language prompts. The MCP server connects seamlessly with any MCP-compatible client or agent platform. Learn more in our MCP Server docs . Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Security Learn how SuprSend handles security- data encryption, access control, network policies, & compliance standards. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Plain text docs SuprSend MCP Server | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program ( https://hackerone.com/x ). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement ( https://ads.x.com/terms ). Your Account You may need to create an account to use the Services. You are responsible for safeguarding your account, so use a strong password and limit its use to this account, and use two-factor authentication via an authenticator app or security key. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above. You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors' exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You agree that you will not work around any technical limitations in the software provided to you as part of the Services, or reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent that applicable law expressly permits. You may not do any of the following while accessing or using the Services: (i) access, tamper with, or use non-public areas of the Services, our computer systems, or the technical delivery systems of our providers; (ii) probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network or breach or circumvent any security or authentication measures; (iii) access or search or attempt to access or search the Services by any means (automated or otherwise) other than through our currently available, published interfaces that are provided by us (and only pursuant to the applicable terms and conditions), unless you have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate agreement with us (NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited); (iv) attempt to circumvent, manipulate, or disable systems and Services, including through "jailbreaking", “prompt engineering or injection", or other methods intended to override or manipulate safety, security or other platform controls; (v) forge any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any email or posting; (vi) in any way use the Services to send altered, deceptive or false source-identifying information; (vii) engage in any conduct that violates our Platform Manipulation and Spam Policy or any other Rules and Policies , including our Misuse of Reporting Features Policy ; or (viii) interfere with, or disrupt, (or attempt to do so), the access of any user, host or network, including, without limitation, sending a virus, overloading, flooding, spamming, mail-bombing the Services, or by scripting the creation of Content in such a manner as to interfere with or create an undue burden on the Services. It is also a violation of these Terms to facilitate or assist others in violating these Terms, including by distributing products or services that enable or encourage violation of these Terms. Ending These Terms You may end your legal agreement with us at any time by deactivating your accounts and discontinuing your use of the Services. See https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/how-to-deactivate-x-account for instructions on how to deactivate your account and the Privacy Policy for more information on what happens to your information. We may suspend or terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services at any time if we reasonably believe: (i) you have violated these Terms or our Rules and Policies , (ii) you create risk or possible legal exposure for us; (iii) your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; (iv) your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or (v) our provision of the Services to you is no longer commercially viable. We will make reasonable efforts to notify you by the email address associated with your account or the next time you attempt to access your account, depending on the circumstances. To the extent permitted by law, we may also terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services for any other reason or no reason at our convenience. In all such cases, the Terms shall terminate, including, without limitation, your license to use the Services, except that the following sections shall continue to apply: 2, 3, 5, 6, and the misuse provisions of Section 4 (“Misuse of the Services”). If you believe your account was terminated in error you can file an appeal following the steps found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/forms/account-access/appeals ). For the avoidance of doubt, these Terms survive the deactivation or termination of your account. 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability The Services are Available "AS-IS" Your access to and use of the Services or any Content are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The “X Entities” refers to X Corp., its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners, and licensors. Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, THE X ENTITIES DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. The X Entities make no warranty or representation and disclaim all responsibility and liability for: (i) the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any Content; (ii) any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services or any Content; (iii) the deletion of, or the failure to store or to transmit, any Content and other communications maintained by the Services; and (iv) whether the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure, or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the X Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. Limitation of Liability NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER TERMS TO THE CONTRARY, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, RELIANCE OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY USER OR THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN THE EVENT ANY PORTION OF THESE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS IS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE AS A MATTER OF LAW, THAT LIMITATION SHALL INSTEAD BE THE GREATEST LIMITATION PERMITTED BY LAW. BY AGREEING TO THESE TERMS OR USING THE SERVICES, YOU AGREE, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THAT THE X ENTITIES ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO YOU OR OTHERS FOR THE ACTIONS OR CONDUCT OF USERS AND THIRD PARTIES ON THE SERVICES, OR FOR ANY CONTENT USERS AND THIRD PARTIES SHARE ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING OFFENSIVE, DEFAMATORY, ILLEGAL OR OTHER OBJECTIONABLE CONTENT. Liquidated Damages Protecting our users’ data and our system resources is important to us. You further agree that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, if you violate the Terms, or you induce or knowingly facilitate others to do so, in addition to all other legal remedies available to us, you will be jointly and severally liable to us for liquidated damages as follows for requesting, viewing, or accessing more than 1,000,000 posts (including reply posts, video posts, image posts, and any other posts) in any 24-hour period - $15,000 USD per 1,000,000 posts. You agree that these amounts are (i) a reasonable estimate of our damages; (ii) not a penalty; and (iii) not otherwise limiting of our ability to recover from you or others under any legal or equitable theory or claim, including but not limited to statutory damages and/or equitable relief. You further agree that repeated violations of these Terms will irreparably harm and entitle us to injunctive and/or other equitable relief, in addition to monetary damages. 6. General We may revise these Terms from time to time. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the Terms, which will always be at https://x.com/tos , will govern our relationship with you. We will try to notify you of material revisions, for example via a service notification or an email to the email associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised Terms. The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, all disputes related to these Terms, the Services, or any patents — including without limitation disputes related to or arising from any Content (whether your or others’ Content), or your or others’ use of the Services or the complete or partial termination thereof — shall be brought and must proceed exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. For the avoidance of doubt, the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply regardless of whether a dispute or any claims contained therein are based in contract, tort, statute, common law, or otherwise, and the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply to pending and future disputes and shall apply to your dispute regardless of when the conduct relating to the dispute arose or occurred. The choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall also extend to disputes involving our U.S. corporate affiliates, who are intended third-party beneficiaries of this paragraph. Without prejudice to the foregoing, you agree that, in its sole discretion, X may bring any claim, cause of action, or dispute we have against you in any competent court in the country in which you reside that has jurisdiction and venue over the claim. To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action or representative action proceeding against us or our corporate affiliates. If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States using the Services in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, these Terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a federal claim within one (1) year of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a state law claim within two (2) years of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. Otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently barred. In the event that any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary, and the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision. The X User Agreement is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X User Agreement shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X User Agreement. If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us . Effective: January 15, 2026 Archive of Previous Terms X Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affiliates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Internet Unlimited Company (Co. number 503351, VAT number IE9803175Q), an Irish company, which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland. The words “we,” “us,” and “our,” mean X Internet Unlimited Company. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. Content recommendations are made based on a combination of factors: how you engage with the Services, the topics you have indicated that you are interested in, and likes of other users with your similar interests. Adjustments can be made in your settings, and additional information can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/resources/recommender-systems ). All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generate, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames if it is appropriate, including for the following reasons: (i) protecting the Services or our users; (ii) compliance with applicable laws or orders from competent authorities; (iii) breach of these Terms or our Rules and Policies or third parties' intellectual property or other rights; (iv) if you or your Content exposes us, other users or any third party to legal or regulatory risk; and/or (v) your prolonged inactivity. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://x.com/en/tos#chapter5 | X Terms of Service Skip to main content Terms of Service <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Terms of Service" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="RJPO" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link="https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/terms-of-service-2025-05-08/en/x-terms-of-service-2025-05-08.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> Terms of Service We have made some updates to our Terms of Service. This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program ( https://hackerone.com/x ). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement ( https://ads.x.com/terms ). Your Account You may need to create an account to use the Services. You are responsible for safeguarding your account, so use a strong password and limit its use to this account, and use two-factor authentication via an authenticator app or security key. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above. You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors' exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You agree that you will not work around any technical limitations in the software provided to you as part of the Services, or reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent that applicable law expressly permits. You may not do any of the following while accessing or using the Services: (i) access, tamper with, or use non-public areas of the Services, our computer systems, or the technical delivery systems of our providers; (ii) probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network or breach or circumvent any security or authentication measures; (iii) access or search or attempt to access or search the Services by any means (automated or otherwise) other than through our currently available, published interfaces that are provided by us (and only pursuant to the applicable terms and conditions), unless you have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate agreement with us (NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited); (iv) attempt to circumvent, manipulate, or disable systems and Services, including through "jailbreaking", “prompt engineering or injection", or other methods intended to override or manipulate safety, security or other platform controls; (v) forge any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any email or posting; (vi) in any way use the Services to send altered, deceptive or false source-identifying information; (vii) engage in any conduct that violates our Platform Manipulation and Spam Policy or any other Rules and Policies , including our Misuse of Reporting Features Policy ; or (viii) interfere with, or disrupt, (or attempt to do so), the access of any user, host or network, including, without limitation, sending a virus, overloading, flooding, spamming, mail-bombing the Services, or by scripting the creation of Content in such a manner as to interfere with or create an undue burden on the Services. It is also a violation of these Terms to facilitate or assist others in violating these Terms, including by distributing products or services that enable or encourage violation of these Terms. Ending These Terms You may end your legal agreement with us at any time by deactivating your accounts and discontinuing your use of the Services. See https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/how-to-deactivate-x-account for instructions on how to deactivate your account and the Privacy Policy for more information on what happens to your information. We may suspend or terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services at any time if we reasonably believe: (i) you have violated these Terms or our Rules and Policies , (ii) you create risk or possible legal exposure for us; (iii) your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; (iv) your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or (v) our provision of the Services to you is no longer commercially viable. We will make reasonable efforts to notify you by the email address associated with your account or the next time you attempt to access your account, depending on the circumstances. To the extent permitted by law, we may also terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services for any other reason or no reason at our convenience. In all such cases, the Terms shall terminate, including, without limitation, your license to use the Services, except that the following sections shall continue to apply: 2, 3, 5, 6, and the misuse provisions of Section 4 (“Misuse of the Services”). If you believe your account was terminated in error you can file an appeal following the steps found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/forms/account-access/appeals ). For the avoidance of doubt, these Terms survive the deactivation or termination of your account. 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability The Services are Available "AS-IS" Your access to and use of the Services or any Content are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The “X Entities” refers to X Corp., its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners, and licensors. 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No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the X Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. Limitation of Liability NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER TERMS TO THE CONTRARY, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, RELIANCE OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY USER OR THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN THE EVENT ANY PORTION OF THESE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS IS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE AS A MATTER OF LAW, THAT LIMITATION SHALL INSTEAD BE THE GREATEST LIMITATION PERMITTED BY LAW. BY AGREEING TO THESE TERMS OR USING THE SERVICES, YOU AGREE, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THAT THE X ENTITIES ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO YOU OR OTHERS FOR THE ACTIONS OR CONDUCT OF USERS AND THIRD PARTIES ON THE SERVICES, OR FOR ANY CONTENT USERS AND THIRD PARTIES SHARE ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING OFFENSIVE, DEFAMATORY, ILLEGAL OR OTHER OBJECTIONABLE CONTENT. Liquidated Damages Protecting our users’ data and our system resources is important to us. You further agree that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, if you violate the Terms, or you induce or knowingly facilitate others to do so, in addition to all other legal remedies available to us, you will be jointly and severally liable to us for liquidated damages as follows for requesting, viewing, or accessing more than 1,000,000 posts (including reply posts, video posts, image posts, and any other posts) in any 24-hour period - $15,000 USD per 1,000,000 posts. You agree that these amounts are (i) a reasonable estimate of our damages; (ii) not a penalty; and (iii) not otherwise limiting of our ability to recover from you or others under any legal or equitable theory or claim, including but not limited to statutory damages and/or equitable relief. You further agree that repeated violations of these Terms will irreparably harm and entitle us to injunctive and/or other equitable relief, in addition to monetary damages. 6. General We may revise these Terms from time to time. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the Terms, which will always be at https://x.com/tos , will govern our relationship with you. We will try to notify you of material revisions, for example via a service notification or an email to the email associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised Terms. The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, all disputes related to these Terms, the Services, or any patents — including without limitation disputes related to or arising from any Content (whether your or others’ Content), or your or others’ use of the Services or the complete or partial termination thereof — shall be brought and must proceed exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. For the avoidance of doubt, the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply regardless of whether a dispute or any claims contained therein are based in contract, tort, statute, common law, or otherwise, and the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply to pending and future disputes and shall apply to your dispute regardless of when the conduct relating to the dispute arose or occurred. The choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall also extend to disputes involving our U.S. corporate affiliates, who are intended third-party beneficiaries of this paragraph. Without prejudice to the foregoing, you agree that, in its sole discretion, X may bring any claim, cause of action, or dispute we have against you in any competent court in the country in which you reside that has jurisdiction and venue over the claim. To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action or representative action proceeding against us or our corporate affiliates. If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States using the Services in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, these Terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a federal claim within one (1) year of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a state law claim within two (2) years of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. Otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently barred. In the event that any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary, and the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision. The X User Agreement is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X User Agreement shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X User Agreement. If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us . Effective: January 15, 2026 Archive of Previous Terms X Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affiliates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Internet Unlimited Company (Co. number 503351, VAT number IE9803175Q), an Irish company, which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland. The words “we,” “us,” and “our,” mean X Internet Unlimited Company. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. Content recommendations are made based on a combination of factors: how you engage with the Services, the topics you have indicated that you are interested in, and likes of other users with your similar interests. Adjustments can be made in your settings, and additional information can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/resources/recommender-systems ). All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generate, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames if it is appropriate, including for the following reasons: (i) protecting the Services or our users; (ii) compliance with applicable laws or orders from competent authorities; (iii) breach of these Terms or our Rules and Policies or third parties' intellectual property or other rights; (iv) if you or your Content exposes us, other users or any third party to legal or regulatory risk; and/or (v) your prolonged inactivity. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://www.suprsend.com/comparison-page/bandwidth-vs-vonage-2024 | Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up Email management Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Nikita Navral • December 2, 2025 TABLE OF CONTENTS Businesses rely on cloud communications platforms to power SMS alerts, authentication flows, customer engagement, and global voice calling. With so many options available, it’s important to understand how the major players differ in capabilities, pricing, and security. Below is a clear comparison of RingCentral, MessageBird, Plivo, Karix, Twilio, Sinch, Exotel, Telnyx, Ooma, Bandwidth, Gupshup, Vonage, and Amazon SNS - with key features, cost, and security included for each. Twilio Key Features: SMS/MMS, voice, WhatsApp, chat, email (SendGrid), video, global phone numbers, user authentication. Cost: Pay-as-you-go. US SMS ~ $0.0079 outbound; voice outbound ~ $0.014/min. SendGrid email plans start at $19.95/month. Security: HTTPS APIs, API key authentication, enterprise-grade controls depending on product. MessageBird (Bird) Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, email, voice, multichannel inbox, 2FA/verify, omnichannel automation. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.008/message; WhatsApp from ~$0.005/message; dedicated numbers from ~$0.50/month. Security: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, SOC 2 Type II, GDPR-aligned, regulated under Dutch telecommunications authority. Plivo Key Features: SMS, MMS, voice APIs, WhatsApp, user verification APIs, Fraud Shield protection. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.0055/message; MMS ~ $0.018/message; plans also available starting around $25/month. Security: Fraud Shield for SMS fraud, standard API security, compliance frameworks appropriate for telecom workflows. Sinch Key Features: Global messaging, voice APIs, phone number provisioning, enterprise conversational tools, in-app voice/video SDKs. Cost: Pay-as-you-go; pricing varies by region and channel. Security: Enterprise security posture; used widely by large regulated businesses. RingCentral Key Features: Enterprise UCaaS and CCaaS — voice, video, messaging, contact center, team collaboration. Cost: Subscription-based; varies by seat and plan tier. Security: 99.999% uptime SLA, enterprise compliance standards, secure global network. Vonage Key Features: Business phone systems, unified communications, plus APIs for voice, SMS, video, messaging. Cost: Varies by product; SMS and voice pricing similar to other CPaaS players. Security: Industry-standard certifications (ISO 27001, HIPAA support in certain offerings). Bandwidth Key Features: Voice, messaging, emergency services APIs built on its own carrier network. Cost: Usage-based; typically competitive because Bandwidth owns telecom infrastructure. Security: Strong network-level security due to owning carrier backbone; enterprise-grade controls. Telnyx Key Features: Programmable voice, SMS, SIP trunking, wireless IoT, phone numbers; operates its own global private network. Cost: Generally lower than Twilio in many regions; usage-based for SMS/voice. Security: Private global network architecture, encrypted communications, strong compliance posture. Karix Key Features: SMS, voice, WhatsApp, and multichannel messaging, with strong performance in India/APAC. Cost: Pricing varies by region and volume; typically optimized for India and emerging markets. Security: Regional telecom compliance; enterprise messaging security standards. Exotel Key Features: Cloud telephony, IVR, virtual numbers, call routing, contact-center tools, SMS, WhatsApp. Cost: Region-based pricing; popular for cost-effective India/SEA deployments. Security: Telecom-grade compliance in India, SEA, and Middle East markets. Gupshup Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, RCS, conversational messaging, bot frameworks, commerce and marketing flows. Cost: Pricing varies by channel and country; optimized for India, LATAM, and emerging markets. Security: Regional compliance and enterprise-grade security for messaging workflows. Ooma Key Features: SMB VoIP phone systems, virtual receptionist, call routing, basic business telephony. Cost: Subscription-based; lower-cost than enterprise UCaaS providers. Security: Standard SMB business-telephony protections; not CPaaS-level programmability. Amazon SNS Key Features: Pub/Sub messaging, SMS notifications, push notifications, email; part of AWS event-driven architecture. Cost: Pay-as-you-go based on notifications sent; AWS regional SMS pricing applies. Security: Inherits AWS IAM, encryption, compliance, monitoring, and infrastructure security. Which Platform Fits Which Use Case? If you want developer APIs to build custom communication flows: Twilio, Plivo, Telnyx, Bandwidth. If you need enterprise communication suites for internal teams: RingCentral, Vonage, Ooma for SMBs. If global omnichannel messaging is key: MessageBird, Sinch, Gupshup, Karix, Exotel. If you’re on AWS and only need notifications: Amazon SNS. Conclusion Each provider has unique strengths: some excel at global messaging, others at enterprise unified communications, others at developer-centric programmability. Understanding key features, pricing, and security posture helps narrow down the best fit for your product, geography, and scale. 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Advertising networks usually place them with the website operator’s permission. Personalization Essential These items allow the website to remember choices you make (such as your user name, language, or the region you are in) and provide enhanced, more personal features. For example, a website may provide you with local weather reports or traffic news by storing data about your current location. Analytics Essential These items help the website operator understand how its website performs, how visitors interact with the site, and whether there may be technical issues. This storage type usually doesn’t collect information that identifies a visitor. Confirm my preferences and close Get 10% OFF on your next order Subscribe to our newsletter and receive a 10% OFF coupon to use on your next order. Please check your email for your 10% OFF coupon Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://x.com/en/tos#int-chapter3 | X Terms of Service Skip to main content Terms of Service <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Terms of Service" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="RJPO" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link="https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/terms-of-service-2025-05-08/en/x-terms-of-service-2025-05-08.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> Terms of Service We have made some updates to our Terms of Service. This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program ( https://hackerone.com/x ). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement ( https://ads.x.com/terms ). Your Account You may need to create an account to use the Services. You are responsible for safeguarding your account, so use a strong password and limit its use to this account, and use two-factor authentication via an authenticator app or security key. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above. You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors' exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You agree that you will not work around any technical limitations in the software provided to you as part of the Services, or reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent that applicable law expressly permits. You may not do any of the following while accessing or using the Services: (i) access, tamper with, or use non-public areas of the Services, our computer systems, or the technical delivery systems of our providers; (ii) probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network or breach or circumvent any security or authentication measures; (iii) access or search or attempt to access or search the Services by any means (automated or otherwise) other than through our currently available, published interfaces that are provided by us (and only pursuant to the applicable terms and conditions), unless you have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate agreement with us (NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited); (iv) attempt to circumvent, manipulate, or disable systems and Services, including through "jailbreaking", “prompt engineering or injection", or other methods intended to override or manipulate safety, security or other platform controls; (v) forge any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any email or posting; (vi) in any way use the Services to send altered, deceptive or false source-identifying information; (vii) engage in any conduct that violates our Platform Manipulation and Spam Policy or any other Rules and Policies , including our Misuse of Reporting Features Policy ; or (viii) interfere with, or disrupt, (or attempt to do so), the access of any user, host or network, including, without limitation, sending a virus, overloading, flooding, spamming, mail-bombing the Services, or by scripting the creation of Content in such a manner as to interfere with or create an undue burden on the Services. It is also a violation of these Terms to facilitate or assist others in violating these Terms, including by distributing products or services that enable or encourage violation of these Terms. Ending These Terms You may end your legal agreement with us at any time by deactivating your accounts and discontinuing your use of the Services. See https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/how-to-deactivate-x-account for instructions on how to deactivate your account and the Privacy Policy for more information on what happens to your information. We may suspend or terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services at any time if we reasonably believe: (i) you have violated these Terms or our Rules and Policies , (ii) you create risk or possible legal exposure for us; (iii) your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; (iv) your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or (v) our provision of the Services to you is no longer commercially viable. We will make reasonable efforts to notify you by the email address associated with your account or the next time you attempt to access your account, depending on the circumstances. To the extent permitted by law, we may also terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services for any other reason or no reason at our convenience. In all such cases, the Terms shall terminate, including, without limitation, your license to use the Services, except that the following sections shall continue to apply: 2, 3, 5, 6, and the misuse provisions of Section 4 (“Misuse of the Services”). If you believe your account was terminated in error you can file an appeal following the steps found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/forms/account-access/appeals ). For the avoidance of doubt, these Terms survive the deactivation or termination of your account. 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability The Services are Available "AS-IS" Your access to and use of the Services or any Content are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The “X Entities” refers to X Corp., its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners, and licensors. Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, THE X ENTITIES DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. The X Entities make no warranty or representation and disclaim all responsibility and liability for: (i) the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any Content; (ii) any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services or any Content; (iii) the deletion of, or the failure to store or to transmit, any Content and other communications maintained by the Services; and (iv) whether the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure, or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the X Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. Limitation of Liability NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER TERMS TO THE CONTRARY, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, RELIANCE OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY USER OR THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN THE EVENT ANY PORTION OF THESE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS IS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE AS A MATTER OF LAW, THAT LIMITATION SHALL INSTEAD BE THE GREATEST LIMITATION PERMITTED BY LAW. BY AGREEING TO THESE TERMS OR USING THE SERVICES, YOU AGREE, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THAT THE X ENTITIES ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO YOU OR OTHERS FOR THE ACTIONS OR CONDUCT OF USERS AND THIRD PARTIES ON THE SERVICES, OR FOR ANY CONTENT USERS AND THIRD PARTIES SHARE ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING OFFENSIVE, DEFAMATORY, ILLEGAL OR OTHER OBJECTIONABLE CONTENT. Liquidated Damages Protecting our users’ data and our system resources is important to us. You further agree that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, if you violate the Terms, or you induce or knowingly facilitate others to do so, in addition to all other legal remedies available to us, you will be jointly and severally liable to us for liquidated damages as follows for requesting, viewing, or accessing more than 1,000,000 posts (including reply posts, video posts, image posts, and any other posts) in any 24-hour period - $15,000 USD per 1,000,000 posts. You agree that these amounts are (i) a reasonable estimate of our damages; (ii) not a penalty; and (iii) not otherwise limiting of our ability to recover from you or others under any legal or equitable theory or claim, including but not limited to statutory damages and/or equitable relief. You further agree that repeated violations of these Terms will irreparably harm and entitle us to injunctive and/or other equitable relief, in addition to monetary damages. 6. General We may revise these Terms from time to time. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the Terms, which will always be at https://x.com/tos , will govern our relationship with you. We will try to notify you of material revisions, for example via a service notification or an email to the email associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised Terms. The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, all disputes related to these Terms, the Services, or any patents — including without limitation disputes related to or arising from any Content (whether your or others’ Content), or your or others’ use of the Services or the complete or partial termination thereof — shall be brought and must proceed exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. For the avoidance of doubt, the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply regardless of whether a dispute or any claims contained therein are based in contract, tort, statute, common law, or otherwise, and the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply to pending and future disputes and shall apply to your dispute regardless of when the conduct relating to the dispute arose or occurred. The choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall also extend to disputes involving our U.S. corporate affiliates, who are intended third-party beneficiaries of this paragraph. Without prejudice to the foregoing, you agree that, in its sole discretion, X may bring any claim, cause of action, or dispute we have against you in any competent court in the country in which you reside that has jurisdiction and venue over the claim. To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action or representative action proceeding against us or our corporate affiliates. If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States using the Services in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, these Terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a federal claim within one (1) year of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a state law claim within two (2) years of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. Otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently barred. In the event that any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary, and the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision. The X User Agreement is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X User Agreement shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X User Agreement. If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us . Effective: January 15, 2026 Archive of Previous Terms X Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affiliates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Internet Unlimited Company (Co. number 503351, VAT number IE9803175Q), an Irish company, which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland. The words “we,” “us,” and “our,” mean X Internet Unlimited Company. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. Content recommendations are made based on a combination of factors: how you engage with the Services, the topics you have indicated that you are interested in, and likes of other users with your similar interests. Adjustments can be made in your settings, and additional information can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/resources/recommender-systems ). All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generate, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames if it is appropriate, including for the following reasons: (i) protecting the Services or our users; (ii) compliance with applicable laws or orders from competent authorities; (iii) breach of these Terms or our Rules and Policies or third parties' intellectual property or other rights; (iv) if you or your Content exposes us, other users or any third party to legal or regulatory risk; and/or (v) your prolonged inactivity. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://www.suprsend.com/comparison-page/telnyx-vs-vonage-2024 | Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up Email management Comparing the Top Messaging Platforms (2025) Nikita Navral • December 2, 2025 TABLE OF CONTENTS Businesses rely on cloud communications platforms to power SMS alerts, authentication flows, customer engagement, and global voice calling. With so many options available, it’s important to understand how the major players differ in capabilities, pricing, and security. Below is a clear comparison of RingCentral, MessageBird, Plivo, Karix, Twilio, Sinch, Exotel, Telnyx, Ooma, Bandwidth, Gupshup, Vonage, and Amazon SNS - with key features, cost, and security included for each. Twilio Key Features: SMS/MMS, voice, WhatsApp, chat, email (SendGrid), video, global phone numbers, user authentication. Cost: Pay-as-you-go. US SMS ~ $0.0079 outbound; voice outbound ~ $0.014/min. SendGrid email plans start at $19.95/month. Security: HTTPS APIs, API key authentication, enterprise-grade controls depending on product. MessageBird (Bird) Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, email, voice, multichannel inbox, 2FA/verify, omnichannel automation. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.008/message; WhatsApp from ~$0.005/message; dedicated numbers from ~$0.50/month. Security: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, SOC 2 Type II, GDPR-aligned, regulated under Dutch telecommunications authority. Plivo Key Features: SMS, MMS, voice APIs, WhatsApp, user verification APIs, Fraud Shield protection. Cost: US SMS ~ $0.0055/message; MMS ~ $0.018/message; plans also available starting around $25/month. Security: Fraud Shield for SMS fraud, standard API security, compliance frameworks appropriate for telecom workflows. Sinch Key Features: Global messaging, voice APIs, phone number provisioning, enterprise conversational tools, in-app voice/video SDKs. Cost: Pay-as-you-go; pricing varies by region and channel. Security: Enterprise security posture; used widely by large regulated businesses. RingCentral Key Features: Enterprise UCaaS and CCaaS — voice, video, messaging, contact center, team collaboration. Cost: Subscription-based; varies by seat and plan tier. Security: 99.999% uptime SLA, enterprise compliance standards, secure global network. Vonage Key Features: Business phone systems, unified communications, plus APIs for voice, SMS, video, messaging. Cost: Varies by product; SMS and voice pricing similar to other CPaaS players. Security: Industry-standard certifications (ISO 27001, HIPAA support in certain offerings). Bandwidth Key Features: Voice, messaging, emergency services APIs built on its own carrier network. Cost: Usage-based; typically competitive because Bandwidth owns telecom infrastructure. Security: Strong network-level security due to owning carrier backbone; enterprise-grade controls. Telnyx Key Features: Programmable voice, SMS, SIP trunking, wireless IoT, phone numbers; operates its own global private network. Cost: Generally lower than Twilio in many regions; usage-based for SMS/voice. Security: Private global network architecture, encrypted communications, strong compliance posture. Karix Key Features: SMS, voice, WhatsApp, and multichannel messaging, with strong performance in India/APAC. Cost: Pricing varies by region and volume; typically optimized for India and emerging markets. Security: Regional telecom compliance; enterprise messaging security standards. Exotel Key Features: Cloud telephony, IVR, virtual numbers, call routing, contact-center tools, SMS, WhatsApp. Cost: Region-based pricing; popular for cost-effective India/SEA deployments. Security: Telecom-grade compliance in India, SEA, and Middle East markets. Gupshup Key Features: SMS, WhatsApp, RCS, conversational messaging, bot frameworks, commerce and marketing flows. Cost: Pricing varies by channel and country; optimized for India, LATAM, and emerging markets. Security: Regional compliance and enterprise-grade security for messaging workflows. Ooma Key Features: SMB VoIP phone systems, virtual receptionist, call routing, basic business telephony. Cost: Subscription-based; lower-cost than enterprise UCaaS providers. Security: Standard SMB business-telephony protections; not CPaaS-level programmability. Amazon SNS Key Features: Pub/Sub messaging, SMS notifications, push notifications, email; part of AWS event-driven architecture. Cost: Pay-as-you-go based on notifications sent; AWS regional SMS pricing applies. Security: Inherits AWS IAM, encryption, compliance, monitoring, and infrastructure security. Which Platform Fits Which Use Case? If you want developer APIs to build custom communication flows: Twilio, Plivo, Telnyx, Bandwidth. If you need enterprise communication suites for internal teams: RingCentral, Vonage, Ooma for SMBs. If global omnichannel messaging is key: MessageBird, Sinch, Gupshup, Karix, Exotel. If you’re on AWS and only need notifications: Amazon SNS. Conclusion Each provider has unique strengths: some excel at global messaging, others at enterprise unified communications, others at developer-centric programmability. Understanding key features, pricing, and security posture helps narrow down the best fit for your product, geography, and scale. Share this blog on: Written by: Nikita Navral Co-Founder, SuprSend Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. SuprStack Inc. By clicking “Accept All Cookies” , you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. 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https://x.com/en/tos#chapter4 | X Terms of Service Skip to main content Terms of Service <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Terms of Service" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="RJPO" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link="https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/terms-of-service-2025-05-08/en/x-terms-of-service-2025-05-08.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> Terms of Service We have made some updates to our Terms of Service. This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program ( https://hackerone.com/x ). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement ( https://ads.x.com/terms ). Your Account You may need to create an account to use the Services. You are responsible for safeguarding your account, so use a strong password and limit its use to this account, and use two-factor authentication via an authenticator app or security key. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above. You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors' exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You agree that you will not work around any technical limitations in the software provided to you as part of the Services, or reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent that applicable law expressly permits. You may not do any of the following while accessing or using the Services: (i) access, tamper with, or use non-public areas of the Services, our computer systems, or the technical delivery systems of our providers; (ii) probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network or breach or circumvent any security or authentication measures; (iii) access or search or attempt to access or search the Services by any means (automated or otherwise) other than through our currently available, published interfaces that are provided by us (and only pursuant to the applicable terms and conditions), unless you have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate agreement with us (NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited); (iv) attempt to circumvent, manipulate, or disable systems and Services, including through "jailbreaking", “prompt engineering or injection", or other methods intended to override or manipulate safety, security or other platform controls; (v) forge any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any email or posting; (vi) in any way use the Services to send altered, deceptive or false source-identifying information; (vii) engage in any conduct that violates our Platform Manipulation and Spam Policy or any other Rules and Policies , including our Misuse of Reporting Features Policy ; or (viii) interfere with, or disrupt, (or attempt to do so), the access of any user, host or network, including, without limitation, sending a virus, overloading, flooding, spamming, mail-bombing the Services, or by scripting the creation of Content in such a manner as to interfere with or create an undue burden on the Services. It is also a violation of these Terms to facilitate or assist others in violating these Terms, including by distributing products or services that enable or encourage violation of these Terms. Ending These Terms You may end your legal agreement with us at any time by deactivating your accounts and discontinuing your use of the Services. See https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/how-to-deactivate-x-account for instructions on how to deactivate your account and the Privacy Policy for more information on what happens to your information. We may suspend or terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services at any time if we reasonably believe: (i) you have violated these Terms or our Rules and Policies , (ii) you create risk or possible legal exposure for us; (iii) your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; (iv) your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or (v) our provision of the Services to you is no longer commercially viable. We will make reasonable efforts to notify you by the email address associated with your account or the next time you attempt to access your account, depending on the circumstances. To the extent permitted by law, we may also terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services for any other reason or no reason at our convenience. In all such cases, the Terms shall terminate, including, without limitation, your license to use the Services, except that the following sections shall continue to apply: 2, 3, 5, 6, and the misuse provisions of Section 4 (“Misuse of the Services”). If you believe your account was terminated in error you can file an appeal following the steps found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/forms/account-access/appeals ). For the avoidance of doubt, these Terms survive the deactivation or termination of your account. 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability The Services are Available "AS-IS" Your access to and use of the Services or any Content are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The “X Entities” refers to X Corp., its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners, and licensors. Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, THE X ENTITIES DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. The X Entities make no warranty or representation and disclaim all responsibility and liability for: (i) the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any Content; (ii) any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services or any Content; (iii) the deletion of, or the failure to store or to transmit, any Content and other communications maintained by the Services; and (iv) whether the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure, or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the X Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. Limitation of Liability NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER TERMS TO THE CONTRARY, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, RELIANCE OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY USER OR THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN THE EVENT ANY PORTION OF THESE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS IS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE AS A MATTER OF LAW, THAT LIMITATION SHALL INSTEAD BE THE GREATEST LIMITATION PERMITTED BY LAW. BY AGREEING TO THESE TERMS OR USING THE SERVICES, YOU AGREE, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THAT THE X ENTITIES ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO YOU OR OTHERS FOR THE ACTIONS OR CONDUCT OF USERS AND THIRD PARTIES ON THE SERVICES, OR FOR ANY CONTENT USERS AND THIRD PARTIES SHARE ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING OFFENSIVE, DEFAMATORY, ILLEGAL OR OTHER OBJECTIONABLE CONTENT. Liquidated Damages Protecting our users’ data and our system resources is important to us. You further agree that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, if you violate the Terms, or you induce or knowingly facilitate others to do so, in addition to all other legal remedies available to us, you will be jointly and severally liable to us for liquidated damages as follows for requesting, viewing, or accessing more than 1,000,000 posts (including reply posts, video posts, image posts, and any other posts) in any 24-hour period - $15,000 USD per 1,000,000 posts. You agree that these amounts are (i) a reasonable estimate of our damages; (ii) not a penalty; and (iii) not otherwise limiting of our ability to recover from you or others under any legal or equitable theory or claim, including but not limited to statutory damages and/or equitable relief. You further agree that repeated violations of these Terms will irreparably harm and entitle us to injunctive and/or other equitable relief, in addition to monetary damages. 6. General We may revise these Terms from time to time. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the Terms, which will always be at https://x.com/tos , will govern our relationship with you. We will try to notify you of material revisions, for example via a service notification or an email to the email associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised Terms. The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, all disputes related to these Terms, the Services, or any patents — including without limitation disputes related to or arising from any Content (whether your or others’ Content), or your or others’ use of the Services or the complete or partial termination thereof — shall be brought and must proceed exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. For the avoidance of doubt, the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply regardless of whether a dispute or any claims contained therein are based in contract, tort, statute, common law, or otherwise, and the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply to pending and future disputes and shall apply to your dispute regardless of when the conduct relating to the dispute arose or occurred. The choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall also extend to disputes involving our U.S. corporate affiliates, who are intended third-party beneficiaries of this paragraph. Without prejudice to the foregoing, you agree that, in its sole discretion, X may bring any claim, cause of action, or dispute we have against you in any competent court in the country in which you reside that has jurisdiction and venue over the claim. To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action or representative action proceeding against us or our corporate affiliates. If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States using the Services in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, these Terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a federal claim within one (1) year of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a state law claim within two (2) years of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. Otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently barred. In the event that any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary, and the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision. The X User Agreement is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X User Agreement shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X User Agreement. If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us . Effective: January 15, 2026 Archive of Previous Terms X Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affiliates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Internet Unlimited Company (Co. number 503351, VAT number IE9803175Q), an Irish company, which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland. The words “we,” “us,” and “our,” mean X Internet Unlimited Company. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. Content recommendations are made based on a combination of factors: how you engage with the Services, the topics you have indicated that you are interested in, and likes of other users with your similar interests. Adjustments can be made in your settings, and additional information can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/resources/recommender-systems ). All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generate, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames if it is appropriate, including for the following reasons: (i) protecting the Services or our users; (ii) compliance with applicable laws or orders from competent authorities; (iii) breach of these Terms or our Rules and Policies or third parties' intellectual property or other rights; (iv) if you or your Content exposes us, other users or any third party to legal or regulatory risk; and/or (v) your prolonged inactivity. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://x.com/en/tos#int-chapter2 | X Terms of Service Skip to main content Terms of Service <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Terms of Service" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="RJPO" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link="https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/terms-of-service-2025-05-08/en/x-terms-of-service-2025-05-08.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> Terms of Service We have made some updates to our Terms of Service. This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program ( https://hackerone.com/x ). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement ( https://ads.x.com/terms ). Your Account You may need to create an account to use the Services. You are responsible for safeguarding your account, so use a strong password and limit its use to this account, and use two-factor authentication via an authenticator app or security key. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above. You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors' exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You agree that you will not work around any technical limitations in the software provided to you as part of the Services, or reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent that applicable law expressly permits. You may not do any of the following while accessing or using the Services: (i) access, tamper with, or use non-public areas of the Services, our computer systems, or the technical delivery systems of our providers; (ii) probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network or breach or circumvent any security or authentication measures; (iii) access or search or attempt to access or search the Services by any means (automated or otherwise) other than through our currently available, published interfaces that are provided by us (and only pursuant to the applicable terms and conditions), unless you have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate agreement with us (NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited); (iv) attempt to circumvent, manipulate, or disable systems and Services, including through "jailbreaking", “prompt engineering or injection", or other methods intended to override or manipulate safety, security or other platform controls; (v) forge any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any email or posting; (vi) in any way use the Services to send altered, deceptive or false source-identifying information; (vii) engage in any conduct that violates our Platform Manipulation and Spam Policy or any other Rules and Policies , including our Misuse of Reporting Features Policy ; or (viii) interfere with, or disrupt, (or attempt to do so), the access of any user, host or network, including, without limitation, sending a virus, overloading, flooding, spamming, mail-bombing the Services, or by scripting the creation of Content in such a manner as to interfere with or create an undue burden on the Services. It is also a violation of these Terms to facilitate or assist others in violating these Terms, including by distributing products or services that enable or encourage violation of these Terms. Ending These Terms You may end your legal agreement with us at any time by deactivating your accounts and discontinuing your use of the Services. See https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/how-to-deactivate-x-account for instructions on how to deactivate your account and the Privacy Policy for more information on what happens to your information. We may suspend or terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services at any time if we reasonably believe: (i) you have violated these Terms or our Rules and Policies , (ii) you create risk or possible legal exposure for us; (iii) your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; (iv) your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or (v) our provision of the Services to you is no longer commercially viable. We will make reasonable efforts to notify you by the email address associated with your account or the next time you attempt to access your account, depending on the circumstances. To the extent permitted by law, we may also terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services for any other reason or no reason at our convenience. In all such cases, the Terms shall terminate, including, without limitation, your license to use the Services, except that the following sections shall continue to apply: 2, 3, 5, 6, and the misuse provisions of Section 4 (“Misuse of the Services”). If you believe your account was terminated in error you can file an appeal following the steps found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/forms/account-access/appeals ). For the avoidance of doubt, these Terms survive the deactivation or termination of your account. 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability The Services are Available "AS-IS" Your access to and use of the Services or any Content are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The “X Entities” refers to X Corp., its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners, and licensors. Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, THE X ENTITIES DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. The X Entities make no warranty or representation and disclaim all responsibility and liability for: (i) the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any Content; (ii) any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services or any Content; (iii) the deletion of, or the failure to store or to transmit, any Content and other communications maintained by the Services; and (iv) whether the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure, or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the X Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. Limitation of Liability NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER TERMS TO THE CONTRARY, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, RELIANCE OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY USER OR THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN THE EVENT ANY PORTION OF THESE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS IS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE AS A MATTER OF LAW, THAT LIMITATION SHALL INSTEAD BE THE GREATEST LIMITATION PERMITTED BY LAW. BY AGREEING TO THESE TERMS OR USING THE SERVICES, YOU AGREE, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THAT THE X ENTITIES ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO YOU OR OTHERS FOR THE ACTIONS OR CONDUCT OF USERS AND THIRD PARTIES ON THE SERVICES, OR FOR ANY CONTENT USERS AND THIRD PARTIES SHARE ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING OFFENSIVE, DEFAMATORY, ILLEGAL OR OTHER OBJECTIONABLE CONTENT. Liquidated Damages Protecting our users’ data and our system resources is important to us. You further agree that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, if you violate the Terms, or you induce or knowingly facilitate others to do so, in addition to all other legal remedies available to us, you will be jointly and severally liable to us for liquidated damages as follows for requesting, viewing, or accessing more than 1,000,000 posts (including reply posts, video posts, image posts, and any other posts) in any 24-hour period - $15,000 USD per 1,000,000 posts. You agree that these amounts are (i) a reasonable estimate of our damages; (ii) not a penalty; and (iii) not otherwise limiting of our ability to recover from you or others under any legal or equitable theory or claim, including but not limited to statutory damages and/or equitable relief. You further agree that repeated violations of these Terms will irreparably harm and entitle us to injunctive and/or other equitable relief, in addition to monetary damages. 6. General We may revise these Terms from time to time. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the Terms, which will always be at https://x.com/tos , will govern our relationship with you. We will try to notify you of material revisions, for example via a service notification or an email to the email associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised Terms. The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, all disputes related to these Terms, the Services, or any patents — including without limitation disputes related to or arising from any Content (whether your or others’ Content), or your or others’ use of the Services or the complete or partial termination thereof — shall be brought and must proceed exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. For the avoidance of doubt, the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply regardless of whether a dispute or any claims contained therein are based in contract, tort, statute, common law, or otherwise, and the choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall apply to pending and future disputes and shall apply to your dispute regardless of when the conduct relating to the dispute arose or occurred. The choice of law and forum selection provisions of this paragraph shall also extend to disputes involving our U.S. corporate affiliates, who are intended third-party beneficiaries of this paragraph. Without prejudice to the foregoing, you agree that, in its sole discretion, X may bring any claim, cause of action, or dispute we have against you in any competent court in the country in which you reside that has jurisdiction and venue over the claim. To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action or representative action proceeding against us or our corporate affiliates. If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States using the Services in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, these Terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a federal claim within one (1) year of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a state law claim within two (2) years of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. Otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently barred. In the event that any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary, and the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision. The X User Agreement is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X User Agreement shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X User Agreement. If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us . Effective: January 15, 2026 Archive of Previous Terms X Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affiliates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Internet Unlimited Company (Co. number 503351, VAT number IE9803175Q), an Irish company, which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland. The words “we,” “us,” and “our,” mean X Internet Unlimited Company. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. Content recommendations are made based on a combination of factors: how you engage with the Services, the topics you have indicated that you are interested in, and likes of other users with your similar interests. Adjustments can be made in your settings, and additional information can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/resources/recommender-systems ). All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generate, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames if it is appropriate, including for the following reasons: (i) protecting the Services or our users; (ii) compliance with applicable laws or orders from competent authorities; (iii) breach of these Terms or our Rules and Policies or third parties' intellectual property or other rights; (iv) if you or your Content exposes us, other users or any third party to legal or regulatory risk; and/or (v) your prolonged inactivity. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://docs.devcycle.com/platform/security-and-guardrails/permissions/#assigning-roles | Roles & Permissions | DevCycle Docs Skip to main content Home SDKs APIs Management API Bucketing API Integrations CLI / MCP Best Practices Community Blog Discord Search Sign Up Home Getting Started Essentials DevCycle Overview Key Features System Architecture Feature Hierarchy Feature Types Platform Feature Flags Experimentation Account Management Security and Guardrails Approval Workflows Audit Log Custom Property Schemas Feature Obfuscation Roles & Permissions SDK Visibility Variable Schemas Testing and QA Extras Examples Platform Security and Guardrails Roles & Permissions On this page Roles & Permissions At DevCycle, our permissions model is designed to protect production while supporting secure and scalable team collaboration. We offer flexible, role-based access controls that can be applied both at the Organization and Project level—allowing you to tailor access based on how your teams operate. Permissions are available for Organizations on our Business or Enterprise plans. You can visit our pricing page or contact our support team to learn more about our plans. Permission Levels Overview DevCycle supports multiple levels of permission enforcement: Flat Access (default) : All users have full access across all Projects Basic Permissions : Org-wide roles that protect production Environments (Business and Enterprise plans) Full Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) : Fine-grained permissions managed at the Project level (Enterprise plans only) info Permissions enforcement will apply to all Projects and Production-type Environments within your Organization. Basic Permissions (Organization-Wide Roles) Basic permissions apply at the Organization level and are available to all Business and Enterprise customers. The principle behind basic permissions is to protect Production Environments while keeping permissions and their management as lightweight as possible. This level is perfect for teams that want to be able to move fast but still require some governance protections to be in place. info To enable basic permissions, navigate to your Organization Settings page and enable it under the permissions dropdown. The roles available with Basic Permissions are: Members Can ✅ Configure Development and Staging Environments Configure Inactive Production Environments Cannot ❌ Enable or Disable Production Environments Targeting Configure Active Production Environments When Production is Active , Configure Variables and Variations Manage roles of other users Manage Organization or Project settings Publishers Everything Members can do, plus: Can ✅ Enable or Disable Production Environments Targeting Configure Active Production Environments When Production is Active , Configure Variables and Variations Manage Project settings Cannot ❌ Manage roles of other users Manage Organization settings or billing Owners Everything Publishers can do, plus: Can ✅ Manage roles of all users in the Organization Administer billing Assigning Roles To assign a role to a team member, simply navigate to their profile. If you are an owner, you will be able to assign a new role to the member by using the Role dropdown. After you have selected a role, click "save" and the team member's permissions will be updated. For the user to have the new permission level available to them they will need to generate a new session by logging in again. Full Role-Based Access Control (Project-Level Roles – Enterprise Only) For Organizations managing multiple teams or business units, DevCycle offers Project-level RBAC on Enterprise plans. This allows you to manage roles granularly, granting access only to the specific workspaces your team members need with the requisite roles they need in each of those workspaces. With Role-Based Access Control, you can: Scope access to individual Projects Prevent cross-project visibility and restrict access to only the Projects a user is assigned Align access with your SSO groups and SCIM-based provisioning This enables centralized identity and access management with decentralized control, especially when integrated with providers like Azure AD or Okta. info To enable and configure SSO and SCIM-based provisioning, please contact our support team. Role Matrix The table below outlines actions available to each role across Organization and Project levels. note All actions affecting Production Environments are restricted for roles below Publisher . Action Viewer Member Publisher Project Admin Org Admin Org Owner organization:read:settings ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ organization:write:settings ✅ ✅ organization:read:members ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ organization:write:members ✅ ✅ organization:read:billing ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ organization:write:billing ✅ organization:read:projects ✅ ✅ ✅ project:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ project:write ✅ project:write:settings ✅ ✅ project:delete ✅ feature:read:staleness ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:publish ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:delete ✅ ✅ feature:status:archive ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:status:complete ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:read:config ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:write:config ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:write:prod ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:delete ✅ ✅ variable:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variable:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variable:write:prod ✅ ✅ environment:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ environment:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ environment:delete ✅ ✅ variation:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variation:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variation:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ results:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ user:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ user:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ auditlog:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ customproperty:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ customproperty:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ customproperty:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metric:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metric:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metric:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metricassociation:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metricassociation:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metricassociation:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ project:read:overrides ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ project:write:overrides ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ webhook:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ webhook:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ webhook:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ project:read:tokens ✅ ✅ project:write:tokens ✅ Managing Role Mappings with SCIM and SSO For Enterprise customers using identity providers (IdPs) like Azure AD or Okta, DevCycle supports role mapping through SCIM and SSO group-based permissions . Roles can be mapped to IdP groups Users are automatically assigned the correct roles upon login Centralized IT control, local team autonomy This streamlines onboarding and offboarding, and ensures the principle of least privilege is maintained. To get started with Role-Based Access Control, contact our support team. Edit this page Last updated on Jan 9, 2026 Previous Feature Obfuscation Next SDK Visibility Permission Levels Overview Basic Permissions (Organization-Wide Roles) Members Publishers Owners Assigning Roles Full Role-Based Access Control (Project-Level Roles – Enterprise Only) Role Matrix Managing Role Mappings with SCIM and SSO DevCycle Dashboard Blog Privacy Policy Twitter Discord GitHub Copyright © 2026 DevCycle. All rights reserved. | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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