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https://docs.devcycle.com/platform/security-and-guardrails/permissions/#can- | Roles & Permissions | DevCycle Docs Skip to main content Home SDKs APIs Management API Bucketing API Integrations CLI / MCP Best Practices Community Blog Discord Search Sign Up Home Getting Started Essentials DevCycle Overview Key Features System Architecture Feature Hierarchy Feature Types Platform Feature Flags Experimentation Account Management Security and Guardrails Approval Workflows Audit Log Custom Property Schemas Feature Obfuscation Roles & Permissions SDK Visibility Variable Schemas Testing and QA Extras Examples Platform Security and Guardrails Roles & Permissions On this page Roles & Permissions At DevCycle, our permissions model is designed to protect production while supporting secure and scalable team collaboration. We offer flexible, role-based access controls that can be applied both at the Organization and Project level—allowing you to tailor access based on how your teams operate. Permissions are available for Organizations on our Business or Enterprise plans. You can visit our pricing page or contact our support team to learn more about our plans. Permission Levels Overview DevCycle supports multiple levels of permission enforcement: Flat Access (default) : All users have full access across all Projects Basic Permissions : Org-wide roles that protect production Environments (Business and Enterprise plans) Full Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) : Fine-grained permissions managed at the Project level (Enterprise plans only) info Permissions enforcement will apply to all Projects and Production-type Environments within your Organization. Basic Permissions (Organization-Wide Roles) Basic permissions apply at the Organization level and are available to all Business and Enterprise customers. The principle behind basic permissions is to protect Production Environments while keeping permissions and their management as lightweight as possible. This level is perfect for teams that want to be able to move fast but still require some governance protections to be in place. info To enable basic permissions, navigate to your Organization Settings page and enable it under the permissions dropdown. The roles available with Basic Permissions are: Members Can ✅ Configure Development and Staging Environments Configure Inactive Production Environments Cannot ❌ Enable or Disable Production Environments Targeting Configure Active Production Environments When Production is Active , Configure Variables and Variations Manage roles of other users Manage Organization or Project settings Publishers Everything Members can do, plus: Can ✅ Enable or Disable Production Environments Targeting Configure Active Production Environments When Production is Active , Configure Variables and Variations Manage Project settings Cannot ❌ Manage roles of other users Manage Organization settings or billing Owners Everything Publishers can do, plus: Can ✅ Manage roles of all users in the Organization Administer billing Assigning Roles To assign a role to a team member, simply navigate to their profile. If you are an owner, you will be able to assign a new role to the member by using the Role dropdown. After you have selected a role, click "save" and the team member's permissions will be updated. For the user to have the new permission level available to them they will need to generate a new session by logging in again. Full Role-Based Access Control (Project-Level Roles – Enterprise Only) For Organizations managing multiple teams or business units, DevCycle offers Project-level RBAC on Enterprise plans. This allows you to manage roles granularly, granting access only to the specific workspaces your team members need with the requisite roles they need in each of those workspaces. With Role-Based Access Control, you can: Scope access to individual Projects Prevent cross-project visibility and restrict access to only the Projects a user is assigned Align access with your SSO groups and SCIM-based provisioning This enables centralized identity and access management with decentralized control, especially when integrated with providers like Azure AD or Okta. info To enable and configure SSO and SCIM-based provisioning, please contact our support team. Role Matrix The table below outlines actions available to each role across Organization and Project levels. note All actions affecting Production Environments are restricted for roles below Publisher . Action Viewer Member Publisher Project Admin Org Admin Org Owner organization:read:settings ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ organization:write:settings ✅ ✅ organization:read:members ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ organization:write:members ✅ ✅ organization:read:billing ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ organization:write:billing ✅ organization:read:projects ✅ ✅ ✅ project:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ project:write ✅ project:write:settings ✅ ✅ project:delete ✅ feature:read:staleness ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:publish ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:delete ✅ ✅ feature:status:archive ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:status:complete ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:read:config ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:write:config ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:write:prod ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:delete ✅ ✅ variable:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variable:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variable:write:prod ✅ ✅ environment:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ environment:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ environment:delete ✅ ✅ variation:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variation:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variation:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ results:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ user:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ user:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ auditlog:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ customproperty:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ customproperty:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ customproperty:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metric:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metric:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metric:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metricassociation:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metricassociation:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metricassociation:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ project:read:overrides ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ project:write:overrides ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ webhook:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ webhook:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ webhook:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ project:read:tokens ✅ ✅ project:write:tokens ✅ Managing Role Mappings with SCIM and SSO For Enterprise customers using identity providers (IdPs) like Azure AD or Okta, DevCycle supports role mapping through SCIM and SSO group-based permissions . Roles can be mapped to IdP groups Users are automatically assigned the correct roles upon login Centralized IT control, local team autonomy This streamlines onboarding and offboarding, and ensures the principle of least privilege is maintained. To get started with Role-Based Access Control, contact our support team. Edit this page Last updated on Jan 9, 2026 Previous Feature Obfuscation Next SDK Visibility Permission Levels Overview Basic Permissions (Organization-Wide Roles) Members Publishers Owners Assigning Roles Full Role-Based Access Control (Project-Level Roles – Enterprise Only) Role Matrix Managing Role Mappings with SCIM and SSO DevCycle Dashboard Blog Privacy Policy Twitter Discord GitHub Copyright © 2026 DevCycle. All rights reserved. | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/web-push-template | Web Push Template - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection GETTING STARTED What is SuprSend? Quick Start Guide Best Practices Plan Your Integration Go-live checklist CORE CONCEPTS Templates Design Template Channel Editors Email Template In-App Inbox Template SMS Template Whatsapp Template Android Push Template iOS Push Template Web Push Template Slack Template Microsoft teams Template Testing the Template Handlebars Helpers Internationalization Users Events Workflow Notification Categories Preferences Tenants Lists Broadcast Objects Translations DLT Guidelines Whatsapp Template Guidelines WORKFLOW BUILDER Design Workflow Node List Workflow Settings Trigger Workflow Validate Trigger Payload Tenant Workflows Notification Inbox Overview Multi Tabs React Javascript (Angular, Vuejs etc) React Native Flutter (Headless) PREFERENCE CENTRE Embedded Preference Centre Javascript Angular React VENDOR INTEGRATION GUIDE Overview Email Integrations SMS Integrations Android Push Whatsapp Integrations iOS Push Chat Integrations Vendor Fallback Tenant Vendor INTEGRATIONS Webhook Connectors MONITORING & DEBUGGING Logs Audit Logs Error Guides MANAGE YOUR ACCOUNT Authentication Methods Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation Channel Editors Web Push Template Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Channel Editors Web Push Template OpenAI Open in ChatGPT How to design Webpush template with customisation options to add action buttons and image. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Design Template You can design template with a simple form editor tool. You can add variables with Handlebarsjs language. You can check how the message will look in the preview section on the right side. Once designed, you can save the web push notification template by clicking on Save Draft. When you are ready, you can Publish Draft by providing a name to the version. This will become the Live version, and will be used whenever the associated workflow is triggered. Web Push notification fields description Field Description Title Small message text box. Note that this field will be displayed in single line only, and very long content can get curtailed. Use handlebarsjs to add variables. Large Icon The small icon will show up to the right of the notification text. SuprSend puts your organisation logo as default in the large icon, which you can set from ‘Organisations Tab’. This will be shown by default and cannot be changed. Message Large message text box. Use handlebarsjs to add variables. Image Optional Recommended banner filetypes are PNG , JPG , JPEG . SuprSend will auto-scale your image so that it doesn’t get cropped. Action URL Provide a URL where a user will go when he clicks on the push notification. Use handlebarsjs to add variables. Action Buttons Optional Enter up to 3 Button names and URL. You can use variable names using handlebarsjs in both action name and URL. You can give your android deeplink URL as well. The action button name color is picked up from your organisation settings. You cannot change button color in a template once it is created. Adding dynamic content in Web Push There will always be the case where you would be required to add dynamic content to a template, so as to personalise it for your users. To achieve this, you can add variables in the template, which will be replaced with the dynamic content at the time of sending push. To send actual values to replace variables at the time of communication trigger, use one of our frontend or backend SDKs. Here is a step by step guide on how to add dynamic content in web push: 1 Declaring Variables in the global 'Variables' button: If you are at this stage, it is assumed that you have declared the variables along with sample values in the global Mock data button. To see how to declare variables before using them in designing templates, refer to this section in the Templates documentation . 2 Using variables in the templates: Once the variables are declared, you can use them while designing the web push template. We support handlebarsjs to add variables in the template. As a general rule, all the variables have to be entered within double curly brackets: {{variable_name}} If you have declared the variables in the global ‘Variables’ button, then they will come as auto-suggestions when you type a curly bracket { . This will remove the chances of error like variable mismatch at the time of template rendering. Note that you will be able to enter a variable name even when you have not declared it inside the Variables button. To manually enter the variable name, follow the handlerbarsjs guide here . Below are some examples of how to enter variables in the template design. For illustration, we are using the same sample variable names that we declared in the Templates section: json Copy Ask AI { "array" : [ { "product_name" : "Aldo Sling Bag" , "product_price" : "3,950.00" }, { "product_name" : "Clarles & Keith Women Slipper, Biege, 38UK" , "product_price" : "2,549.00" }, { "product_name" : "RayBan Sunglasses" , "product_price" : "7,899.00" } ], "event" : { "location" : { "city" : "Bangalore" , "state" : "KA" }, "order_id" : "11200123" , "first_name" : "Nikita" }, "product_page" : "https://www.suprsend.com" } To enter a nested variable, enter in the format {{var1.var2.var3}} . Eg. to refer to city in the example above, you need to enter {{event.location.city}} To refer to an array element, enter in format {{var1.[index].var2}} . Eg. to refer to product_name of the first element of the array array , enter {{array.[0].product_name}} If you have any space in the variable name, enclose it in square bracket {{event.[first name]}} You will be able to see the sample values in the Preview section, as well as in the Live version when you publish a draft. If you cannot see your variable being rendered with the sample value, check one of the following: Make sure you have entered the variable name and the sample value in the Variables button. Make sure you have entered the correct variable name in the template, as per the handlebarsjs guideline. What happens if there is variable mismatch at the time of sending? At the time of sending communication, if there is a variable present in the template whose value is not rendered due to mismatch or missing, SuprSend will simply discard the template and not send that particular notification to your user. Please note that the rest of the templates will be sent. Eg. if there is an error in rendering Web Push template, but email template is successfully rendered, Web Push notification will not be triggered, but email notification will be triggered by SuprSend. Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Slack Template How to design Slack templates using text editor or JSONNET editor for rich block kit templates. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Design Template Web Push notification fields description Adding dynamic content in Web Push | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://docs.suprsend.com/reference/mcp-tool-list | Tool List - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection Developer Resources Overview Updates and Versioning Versioning and Support Policy SDK Changelog Authentication API Keys and Secrets Service Token Best Practices for Key & Token Management MCP Overview BETA Quickstart Tool List Building with LLMs Security Security SDKs and APIs SDKs Management API REST API Postman Collection Features Validate Trigger Payload Type Safety Testing Testing the Template Test Mode Monitoring and Logging Logs Data Out Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation MCP Tool List Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog MCP Tool List OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Complete reference of all available tools in the SuprSend MCP server OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Available Tools Here’s a complete list of all tools available in the MCP server. You can use these to query documentation, create or update objects, tenants, users, and preferences. TOOL TYPE TOOL NAME TOOL DESCRIPTION documentation documentation.search Search across SuprSend documentation for relevant topics or examples. documentation documentation.fetch Retrieve the full content of a specific documentation page by its URI. objects objects.get Fetch details for a specific object by ID or key. objects objects.upsert Create a new object or update an existing one. objects objects.get_subscriptions View all subscriptions associated with an object. objects objects.upsert_subscriptions Add or update subscriptions for an object. objects objects.get_preferences Retrieve an object’s preferences, optionally filtered by category. objects objects.update_preferences Update category-level preferences for an object. tenants tenants.get Fetch information about a specific tenant. tenants tenants.upsert Create a new tenant or update an existing one. tenants tenants.get_preferences Retrieve all category preferences for a tenant. tenants tenants.update_preferences Update category-level preferences for a tenant. users users.get Fetch information about a specific user. users users.upsert Create a new user or update an existing one. users users.get_preferences Retrieve a user’s preferences, optionally filtered by category. users users.update_preferences Update category-level preferences for a user. Giving scoped access to tools in your MCP setup By default, the MCP server exposes all tools, but you might not want to grant your AI agent access to everything—especially in production environments. You can control which tools are available by using the --tools flag when starting the MCP server, ensuring your agent only interacts with the resources it actually needs. The --tools flag accepts one or more tool identifiers in the format tool_type.tool. You can also use a wildcard (*) to enable all tools of a type. For example, users.* will allow access to all user-related tools, while users.get_preferences will expose only that single tool. Here’s an example of how to pass tool configuration: Copy Ask AI { "suprsend" : { "command" : "suprsend" , "args" : [ "start-mcp-server" , "--tools" , "users.createUser,tenants.*" ], "name" : "SuprSend MCP Server" } } Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Building with LLMs Use large language models (LLMs) to accelerate how you integrate SuprSend into your applications Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Available Tools Giving scoped access to tools in your MCP setup | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://dev.to/anand12/filter-apps-for-yourself-as-student-developer#main-content | Filter Apps for yourself as Student Developer - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close #WithAnand Follow Filter Apps for yourself as Student Developer Jul 10 '21 play Having useful apps in phones is very important now-a-days. And as a student you must use apps useful for you. In this new world of technology, there are various apps coming time to time to ease the life and work of peoples. As a student, you must have to use some apps that helps in your study, learning and creating contents. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/anand12/message Episode source Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Your browser does not support the audio element. 1x initializing... × 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://dev.to/anand12/hustle-culture#main-content | Hustle Culture - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close #WithAnand Follow Hustle Culture Sep 7 '21 play Hustle culture is all about constantly working. Those who believe in hustle culture try to devote as many hours as possible to working or hustling. Hustling is important but taking care of yourself is even more important. Read blog: https://leap2live.wordpress.com/2021/05/22/hustle-culture/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/anand12/message Episode source Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Your browser does not support the audio element. 1x initializing... × 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/docs/v4/tutorial/introduction | Tutorial - Introduction | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Introduction Step #1: Project initialization Step #2: Serving HTML Step #3: Integrating Socket.IO Step #4: Emitting events Step #5: Broadcasting Overview of the API Handling disconnections Step #6: Connection state recovery Step #7: Server delivery Step #8: Client delivery Step #9: Scaling horizontally Ending notes Introduction Version: 4.x On this page Getting started Welcome to the Socket.IO tutorial! In this tutorial we'll create a basic chat application. It requires almost no basic prior knowledge of Node.JS or Socket.IO, so it’s ideal for users of all knowledge levels. Introduction Writing a chat application with popular web applications stacks like LAMP (PHP) has normally been very hard. It involves polling the server for changes, keeping track of timestamps, and it’s a lot slower than it should be. Sockets have traditionally been the solution around which most real-time chat systems are architected, providing a bi-directional communication channel between a client and a server. This means that the server can push messages to clients. Whenever you write a chat message, the idea is that the server will get it and push it to all other connected clients. How to use this tutorial Tooling Any text editor (from a basic text editor to a complete IDE such as VS Code ) should be sufficient to complete this tutorial. Additionally, at the end of each step you will find a link to some online platforms ( CodeSandbox and StackBlitz , namely), allowing you to run the code directly from your browser: Syntax settings In the Node.js world, there are two ways to import modules: the standard way: ECMAScript modules (or ESM) import { Server } from "socket.io" ; Reference: https://nodejs.org/api/esm.html the legacy way: CommonJS const { Server } = require ( "socket.io" ) ; Reference: https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html Socket.IO supports both syntax. tip We recommend using the ESM syntax in your project, though this might not always be feasible due to some packages not supporting this syntax. For your convenience, throughout the tutorial, each code block allows you to select your preferred syntax: CommonJS ES modules const { Server } = require ( "socket.io" ) ; import { Server } from "socket.io" ; Ready? Click "Next" to get started. Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Next Step #1: Project initialization Introduction How to use this tutorial Tooling Syntax settings Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://ruul.io/blog/how-to-set-up-an-all-in-one-home-office-for-your-solo-business?7c89d873_page=2 | Blog | For Freelancers, Creators, and Indie Professionals Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up grow 13 Best Fiverr Alternatives Freelancers Need to Know Read POPULAR ARTICLES How to Accept Online Payments: A Comprehensive Guide for Businesses and Freelancers Learn how to set up and manage secure online payment systems for your business or freelance work. 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Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. Trustpilot Product Payment Requests Sell Services Sell Products Subscriptions Ruul Space Pricing For Businesses Resources Blog About Contact Support Referral Program Affiliate Program Partner Program Tools Invoice Generator NDA Generator Service Agreement Generator Freelancer Hourly Rate Calculator All Rights Reserved © 2025 Terms Of Use Privacy Policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://x.com/en/tos#current | X Terms of Service Skip to main content Terms of Service <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Terms of Service" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="RJPO" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link="https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/terms-of-service-2025-05-08/en/x-terms-of-service-2025-05-08.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> Terms of Service We have made some updates to our Terms of Service. This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program ( https://hackerone.com/x ). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement ( https://ads.x.com/terms ). Your Account You may need to create an account to use the Services. You are responsible for safeguarding your account, so use a strong password and limit its use to this account, and use two-factor authentication via an authenticator app or security key. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the above. You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors' exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You agree that you will not work around any technical limitations in the software provided to you as part of the Services, or reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent that applicable law expressly permits. You may not do any of the following while accessing or using the Services: (i) access, tamper with, or use non-public areas of the Services, our computer systems, or the technical delivery systems of our providers; (ii) probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network or breach or circumvent any security or authentication measures; (iii) access or search or attempt to access or search the Services by any means (automated or otherwise) other than through our currently available, published interfaces that are provided by us (and only pursuant to the applicable terms and conditions), unless you have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate agreement with us (NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited); (iv) attempt to circumvent, manipulate, or disable systems and Services, including through "jailbreaking", “prompt engineering or injection", or other methods intended to override or manipulate safety, security or other platform controls; (v) forge any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any email or posting; (vi) in any way use the Services to send altered, deceptive or false source-identifying information; (vii) engage in any conduct that violates our Platform Manipulation and Spam Policy or any other Rules and Policies , including our Misuse of Reporting Features Policy ; or (viii) interfere with, or disrupt, (or attempt to do so), the access of any user, host or network, including, without limitation, sending a virus, overloading, flooding, spamming, mail-bombing the Services, or by scripting the creation of Content in such a manner as to interfere with or create an undue burden on the Services. It is also a violation of these Terms to facilitate or assist others in violating these Terms, including by distributing products or services that enable or encourage violation of these Terms. Ending These Terms You may end your legal agreement with us at any time by deactivating your accounts and discontinuing your use of the Services. See https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/how-to-deactivate-x-account for instructions on how to deactivate your account and the Privacy Policy for more information on what happens to your information. We may suspend or terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services at any time if we reasonably believe: (i) you have violated these Terms or our Rules and Policies , (ii) you create risk or possible legal exposure for us; (iii) your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; (iv) your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or (v) our provision of the Services to you is no longer commercially viable. We will make reasonable efforts to notify you by the email address associated with your account or the next time you attempt to access your account, depending on the circumstances. To the extent permitted by law, we may also terminate your account or cease providing you with all or part of the Services for any other reason or no reason at our convenience. In all such cases, the Terms shall terminate, including, without limitation, your license to use the Services, except that the following sections shall continue to apply: 2, 3, 5, 6, and the misuse provisions of Section 4 (“Misuse of the Services”). If you believe your account was terminated in error you can file an appeal following the steps found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/forms/account-access/appeals ). For the avoidance of doubt, these Terms survive the deactivation or termination of your account. 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability The Services are Available "AS-IS" Your access to and use of the Services or any Content are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The “X Entities” refers to X Corp., its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners, and licensors. Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, THE X ENTITIES DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. The X Entities make no warranty or representation and disclaim all responsibility and liability for: (i) the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services or any Content; (ii) any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services or any Content; (iii) the deletion of, or the failure to store or to transmit, any Content and other communications maintained by the Services; and (iv) whether the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure, or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the X Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. Limitation of Liability NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER TERMS TO THE CONTRARY, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, RELIANCE OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY USER OR THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN THE EVENT ANY PORTION OF THESE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS IS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE AS A MATTER OF LAW, THAT LIMITATION SHALL INSTEAD BE THE GREATEST LIMITATION PERMITTED BY LAW. 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The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, all disputes related to these Terms, the Services, or any patents — including without limitation disputes related to or arising from any Content (whether your or others’ Content), or your or others’ use of the Services or the complete or partial termination thereof — shall be brought and must proceed exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. 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You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a federal claim within one (1) year of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. You and X agree that you must initiate any proceeding or action asserting a state law claim within two (2) years of the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to a dispute that is arising out of or related to these Terms or the Services. Otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently barred. In the event that any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary, and the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be deemed a waiver of such right or provision. The X User Agreement is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X User Agreement shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X User Agreement. If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us . Effective: January 15, 2026 Archive of Previous Terms X Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affiliates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Internet Unlimited Company (Co. number 503351, VAT number IE9803175Q), an Irish company, which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland. The words “we,” “us,” and “our,” mean X Internet Unlimited Company. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. 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You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. 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All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generate, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames if it is appropriate, including for the following reasons: (i) protecting the Services or our users; (ii) compliance with applicable laws or orders from competent authorities; (iii) breach of these Terms or our Rules and Policies or third parties' intellectual property or other rights; (iv) if you or your Content exposes us, other users or any third party to legal or regulatory risk; and/or (v) your prolonged inactivity. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://docs.devcycle.com/platform/security-and-guardrails/permissions/#permission-levels-overview | Roles & Permissions | DevCycle Docs Skip to main content Home SDKs APIs Management API Bucketing API Integrations CLI / MCP Best Practices Community Blog Discord Search Sign Up Home Getting Started Essentials DevCycle Overview Key Features System Architecture Feature Hierarchy Feature Types Platform Feature Flags Experimentation Account Management Security and Guardrails Approval Workflows Audit Log Custom Property Schemas Feature Obfuscation Roles & Permissions SDK Visibility Variable Schemas Testing and QA Extras Examples Platform Security and Guardrails Roles & Permissions On this page Roles & Permissions At DevCycle, our permissions model is designed to protect production while supporting secure and scalable team collaboration. We offer flexible, role-based access controls that can be applied both at the Organization and Project level—allowing you to tailor access based on how your teams operate. Permissions are available for Organizations on our Business or Enterprise plans. You can visit our pricing page or contact our support team to learn more about our plans. Permission Levels Overview DevCycle supports multiple levels of permission enforcement: Flat Access (default) : All users have full access across all Projects Basic Permissions : Org-wide roles that protect production Environments (Business and Enterprise plans) Full Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) : Fine-grained permissions managed at the Project level (Enterprise plans only) info Permissions enforcement will apply to all Projects and Production-type Environments within your Organization. Basic Permissions (Organization-Wide Roles) Basic permissions apply at the Organization level and are available to all Business and Enterprise customers. The principle behind basic permissions is to protect Production Environments while keeping permissions and their management as lightweight as possible. This level is perfect for teams that want to be able to move fast but still require some governance protections to be in place. info To enable basic permissions, navigate to your Organization Settings page and enable it under the permissions dropdown. The roles available with Basic Permissions are: Members Can ✅ Configure Development and Staging Environments Configure Inactive Production Environments Cannot ❌ Enable or Disable Production Environments Targeting Configure Active Production Environments When Production is Active , Configure Variables and Variations Manage roles of other users Manage Organization or Project settings Publishers Everything Members can do, plus: Can ✅ Enable or Disable Production Environments Targeting Configure Active Production Environments When Production is Active , Configure Variables and Variations Manage Project settings Cannot ❌ Manage roles of other users Manage Organization settings or billing Owners Everything Publishers can do, plus: Can ✅ Manage roles of all users in the Organization Administer billing Assigning Roles To assign a role to a team member, simply navigate to their profile. If you are an owner, you will be able to assign a new role to the member by using the Role dropdown. After you have selected a role, click "save" and the team member's permissions will be updated. For the user to have the new permission level available to them they will need to generate a new session by logging in again. Full Role-Based Access Control (Project-Level Roles – Enterprise Only) For Organizations managing multiple teams or business units, DevCycle offers Project-level RBAC on Enterprise plans. This allows you to manage roles granularly, granting access only to the specific workspaces your team members need with the requisite roles they need in each of those workspaces. With Role-Based Access Control, you can: Scope access to individual Projects Prevent cross-project visibility and restrict access to only the Projects a user is assigned Align access with your SSO groups and SCIM-based provisioning This enables centralized identity and access management with decentralized control, especially when integrated with providers like Azure AD or Okta. info To enable and configure SSO and SCIM-based provisioning, please contact our support team. Role Matrix The table below outlines actions available to each role across Organization and Project levels. note All actions affecting Production Environments are restricted for roles below Publisher . Action Viewer Member Publisher Project Admin Org Admin Org Owner organization:read:settings ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ organization:write:settings ✅ ✅ organization:read:members ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ organization:write:members ✅ ✅ organization:read:billing ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ organization:write:billing ✅ organization:read:projects ✅ ✅ ✅ project:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ project:write ✅ project:write:settings ✅ ✅ project:delete ✅ feature:read:staleness ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:publish ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:delete ✅ ✅ feature:status:archive ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:status:complete ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:read:config ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:write:config ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:write:prod ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:delete ✅ ✅ variable:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variable:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variable:write:prod ✅ ✅ environment:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ environment:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ environment:delete ✅ ✅ variation:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variation:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variation:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ results:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ user:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ user:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ auditlog:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ customproperty:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ customproperty:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ customproperty:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metric:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metric:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metric:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metricassociation:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metricassociation:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metricassociation:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ project:read:overrides ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ project:write:overrides ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ webhook:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ webhook:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ webhook:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ project:read:tokens ✅ ✅ project:write:tokens ✅ Managing Role Mappings with SCIM and SSO For Enterprise customers using identity providers (IdPs) like Azure AD or Okta, DevCycle supports role mapping through SCIM and SSO group-based permissions . Roles can be mapped to IdP groups Users are automatically assigned the correct roles upon login Centralized IT control, local team autonomy This streamlines onboarding and offboarding, and ensures the principle of least privilege is maintained. To get started with Role-Based Access Control, contact our support team. Edit this page Last updated on Jan 9, 2026 Previous Feature Obfuscation Next SDK Visibility Permission Levels Overview Basic Permissions (Organization-Wide Roles) Members Publishers Owners Assigning Roles Full Role-Based Access Control (Project-Level Roles – Enterprise Only) Role Matrix Managing Role Mappings with SCIM and SSO DevCycle Dashboard Blog Privacy Policy Twitter Discord GitHub Copyright © 2026 DevCycle. All rights reserved. | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://www.fine.dev/blog/windsurf-vs-cursor | Windsurf vs Cursor: A Detailed Comparison and Why Startups Are Choosing Fine Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back Windsurf vs Cursor: A Detailed Comparison and Why Startups Are Choosing Fine AI coding tools have redefined software development, but choosing the right one can be challenging. Windsurf, developed by Codeium, and Cursor, a fork of VS Code, are two of the most popular AI-powered tools. However, while both bring value to developers, they come with certain limitations. In this blog, we will compare Windsurf and Cursor, exploring their capabilities, ease of use, and pricing. Alongside, we introduce Fine , a modern alternative that redefines how developers build software by providing a powerful, flexible, and context-aware experience—all outside the IDE. Table of Contents Introduction What Is Windsurf? What Is Cursor? Context Awareness: Windsurf vs Cursor Ease of Use Capabilities Comparison Pricing Comparison Why Developers Move from Cursor to Windsurf Why Startups Prefer Fine Over Windsurf and Cursor Conclusion: Windsurf vs Cursor vs Fine What Is Windsurf? Windsurf, created by Codeium , is an AI-first agentic IDE designed to improve developer productivity by blending AI copilots and autonomous agents. It introduces features such as Flows, which allow real-time collaboration between humans and AI, Cascade, which supports multi-file and multi-edit workflows with advanced contextual awareness, and Supercomplete, which predicts developer intent to make smart code edits. Windsurf also integrates repository-wide context awareness, providing precise and transparent suggestions. Its goal is to keep developers in a flow state by streamlining coding tasks and reducing interruptions, making it a powerful tool for teams seeking deeper AI integration. What Is Cursor? Cursor takes a different approach by building on the familiarity of VS Code. As a fork of VS Code, it retains all the extensions, themes, and settings that developers already use while adding advanced AI-powered capabilities. Cursor enhances coding with tools like Cursor Tab and CMD-K, which integrate AI-driven suggestions and completions directly into the editor. It also supports premium models such as GPT-4o and Claude 3.5 for more robust coding assistance. Cursor is particularly appealing to developers who want AI-powered workflows without abandoning their trusted VS Code environment. Context Awareness: Windsurf vs Cursor Context awareness is a crucial feature for AI coding tools, as it determines how effectively the tool understands and interacts with the codebase. Windsurf offers advanced context awareness through features like Cascade and Flows. It can analyze open-file and repo-wide contexts, providing developers with relevant suggestions while maintaining transparency about which parts of the codebase it references. This deep level of understanding allows for smarter edits and debugging across complex projects. Cursor, on the other hand, relies primarily on local file and open-tab contexts. While it can offer powerful completions within a narrow scope, its ability to understand broader repository-wide context is limited compared to Windsurf. Fine takes context awareness to the next level by analyzing the entire codebase without any restrictions, using a GitHub integration. It seamlessly integrates project history, past changes, and developer intent to to match your coding style and create / edit files in the correct place in your codebase. Fine also goes beyond your repositories and takes context from Linear issues, Slack threads and Sentry issues to help you solve issues. With Fine, you can give a task based on a repository, or easily tag relevant files and folders using @. Specifying the specific files, folders and components helps improve the AI’s accuracy and makes the code more usable. Learn more about context in Fine . Ease of Use When it comes to usability, Windsurf and Cursor take different paths, though both started out as VS Code forks. Windsurf offers a more unique, AI-first environment. However, this means developers must adapt to a new interface and workflows, which can introduce friction for those accustomed to traditional editors. Cursor, retained the look and feel of VS Code more closely, provides a familiar experience for existing users. Developers can continue using their extensions, themes, and settings while benefiting from Cursor’s AI tools. However, Cursor’s dependency on VS Code limits its flexibility and innovation. Both Windsurf and Cursor allow developers to migrate their VS Code settings and Windsurf allows you to migrate from Cursor easily. Fine reimagines the developer experience by eliminating the constraints of traditional IDEs altogether. As a browser-based platform, Fine requires zero onboarding friction or complex setups. It offers powerful tools like AI Sandboxing, which allow developers to build, test, and preview code seamlessly, creating a modern, flexible environment that supports the way developers actually work. The result is that Fine doesn’t force you to switch IDE. When you’re deep diving into intense code writing, stick with whichever IDE you like! VS Code, Jetbrains, or even Windsurf and Cursor. But when you’re ready to delegate tasks to AI; when you want to get things done on the go, from your mobile; or when you’re working inside other platforms such as GitHub, Linear and Slack - Fine is the answer for your AI needs. Capabilities Comparison Windsurf and Cursor each bring unique capabilities to AI-assisted development, but Fine sets a new standard by combining the best features without limitations. Windsurf provides advanced AI tools like Flows, Cascade, and Supercomplete, enabling deep contextual understanding and smarter multi-edit workflows. Cursor focuses on providing AI-driven code completions and suggestions within a familiar VS Code environment, integrating premium models like GPT-4o and Claude for robust capabilities. Solo devs building prototypes love Cursor! Fine takes a modern approach with tools that are designed for real-world development needs. By leveraging AI Agents, customizable Workflows, and features like AI Sandboxing, Fine ensures developers can automate tasks, collaborate effortlessly, and work efficiently across the entire codebase. For busy startup teams with complex codebases, building high-quality software - Fine offers far more relevant capabilities. Pricing Comparison Pricing plays a key role in selecting the right tool, and both Windsurf and Cursor offer tiered plans. Windsurf offers a free tier with limited capabilities, a Pro plan at $15/month, and an Ultimate plan at $60/month for enterprise-level features. The credit-based system in Pro and Ultimate plans can add cost variability for teams. Cursor’s pricing starts with a free Hobby plan, which includes limited completions and premium requests. The Pro plan, priced at $20/month, unlocks unlimited completions and faster premium model access, while the Business plan at $40/user/month adds team-oriented features like centralized billing and SSO. Fine, on the other hand, offers flexible pricing designed for startups and scaling teams. Unlike credit-based plans, Fine’s pricing ensures you only pay for real productivity gains without artificial restrictions or limitations. Start off with our free plan to get a feel for AI Agents and when you’re ready, upgrade to our unlimited pro plan, which starts at $13 per month. Why Developers Move from Cursor to Windsurf While Cursor provides a familiar experience for VS Code users, developers seeking deeper AI integration often move to Windsurf. Windsurf’s tools like Cascade and Flows offer more powerful multi-file editing and debugging workflows, surpassing the local context limitations of Cursor. Developers frustrated by the constraints of VS Code plugins find Windsurf’s AI-first approach more aligned with modern coding needs. Why Startups Prefer Fine Over Windsurf and Cursor Startups are increasingly turning to Fine as a superior alternative to both Windsurf and Cursor. Fine delivers a context-aware, flexible, and modern coding experience without the friction of adopting a new IDE or being tied to VS Code. By offering project-wide context, seamless collaboration tools, and browser-based workflows, Fine enables startups to focus on building software without unnecessary overhead. Tools like AI Sandboxing eliminate traditional “works on my machine” issues, while AI Workflows automate routine tasks to save time and improve efficiency. For startups that prioritize productivity, flexibility, and collaboration, Fine offers a unique solution that combines the power of AI with the ease of modern development tools. The greatest advantage of Fine is the ability to take multiple issues from your project management platform, such as Linear or GitHub Issues, and delegate them all to Fine to code for you, in the cloud. You can even trigger the agent from a slack channel. Fine also offers a great variety of additional features to improve startup dev efficiency, such as PR summaries, revisions and reviews inside GitHub - all in one subscription. Conclusion: Windsurf vs Cursor vs Fine Windsurf and Cursor each bring value to AI-assisted development, but both come with certain limitations. Windsurf requires developers to adapt to a new IDE, while Cursor remains constrained by VS Code’s plugin architecture. Fine provides a superior alternative by offering a modern, browser-based platform that combines context-aware AI tools, seamless collaboration features, and powerful workflows. Fine redefines what AI-powered software development can look like—a flexible, efficient, and modern environment that helps developers focus on building great software. Stop choosing between tools that limit you. Try Fine for free today and experience how modern development should feel—powerful, seamless, and context-aware. Try Fine Today Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. 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https://www.fine.dev/blog/GPT-4.1-vs-Claude-Sonnet-3-7-vs-Gemini-2-5 | GPT-4.1 vs Claude Sonnet 3.7 vs Gemini 2.5 Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back GPT-4.1 vs Claude Sonnet 3.7 vs Gemini 2.5 Vibe coding – the fast, intuitive, AI-assisted way of building apps – is taking the developer world by storm ( Windsurf: OpenAI's potential $3B bet to drive the 'vibe coding' movement | VentureBeat ). Instead of wrestling with syntax and boilerplate, builders are now “vibing” with AI models: describing features in natural language, getting instant code, and iterating at lightning speed. In this post, we’ll compare three cutting-edge large language models (LLMs) powering this movement – GPT-4.1 , Claude Sonnet 3.7 , and Gemini 2.5 – and see which is the best LLM for vibe coding tasks. We’ll look at how they generate frontend/backend code, debug issues, understand your prompts, and adapt as you refine your app’s logic. We’ll also weigh their reasoning chops, speed, context length, reliability (hallucination rate), and current pricing and rate limits. (In true Windsurf style, expect a casual, playful tone – we’re here to have fun while we build!) What is Vibe Coding (and Why It Matters) ( Windsurf: OpenAI's potential $3B bet to drive the 'vibe coding' movement | VentureBeat ) A viral tweet from Andrej Karpathy (OpenAI founding member) coined the term “vibe coding,” describing a style of coding where you “forget that the code even exists” and let AI handle the heavy lifting. Builders just describe intent, accept AI suggestions, and only occasionally step in when the AI is stuck or needs guidance. “Vibe coding” essentially means using AI to handle the grunt work of coding so you can focus on the intent of your app ( Windsurf: OpenAI's potential $3B bet to drive the 'vibe coding' movement | VentureBeat ). Unlike classic coding (or even drag-and-drop no-code tools), vibe coding is all about high-level prompts and fast feedback loops. You tell the AI what you want (e.g. “Build a simple React todo app with a Node/Express backend”), and it writes the code. If something breaks, you describe the problem, and the AI debugs it. Want a change? Just vibe it out – say “Make the button blue and add login via Google” – and the AI updates the code. This approach turns development into a co-creative conversation with your AI assistant, letting you “vibe through a hundred ideas in a weekend” ( Windsurf: OpenAI's potential $3B bet to drive the 'vibe coding' movement | VentureBeat ). It’s a productivity unlock for solo builders and teams alike, letting you prototype and build apps at a pace that would be unimaginable with manual coding. Meet the Models: GPT-4.1, Claude 3.7, and Gemini 2.5 The vibe coding revolution is fueled by ever-more capable AI models. Our contenders here are all state-of-the-art 2025 LLMs, but each has its own flavor: GPT-4.1 (OpenAI) – OpenAI’s latest GPT model, optimized for coding and agentic tasks. It’s the successor to GPT-4, boasting improved coding skills, 1 million-token context, and much lower costs than its predecessors ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch ) ( Introducing GPT-4.1 in the API | OpenAI ). Think of GPT-4.1 as the seasoned all-rounder – great at following instructions and generating structured code with fewer hiccups than before. Claude Sonnet 3.7 (Anthropic) – Anthropic’s most advanced model, often described as a “hybrid reasoning engine.” Claude 3.7 has a huge context window (on the order of 100k+ tokens) and is designed to reason like a meticulous senior engineer ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet: the first AI model that understands your entire codebase | by Thack | Feb, 2025 | Medium ) ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet: the first AI model that understands your entire codebase | by Thack | Feb, 2025 | Medium ). It’s like having an AI architect who can take in your entire codebase and actually understand it. Claude is known for a friendly, helpful tone and very low hallucination rates ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet \ Anthropic ). Gemini 2.5 (Google DeepMind) – Google’s newest Gemini model, introduced as a “thinking model” with reasoning built-in ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking ). Gemini 2.5 comes in variants like Pro (max reasoning, big brain) and Flash (fast, budget-friendly). It’s multimodal (understands text, code, images, even audio/video) and also sports a 1M-token context window ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking ). Think of Gemini as the ambitious new powerhouse that’s pushing the boundaries of reasoning and coding benchmarks ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking ) ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking ). All three models are heavy-hitters – they top leaderboards and can handle complex app development tasks. Now, let’s compare how they perform in core vibe coding scenarios. Code Generation: Frontend & Backend ✨ One of the first things we ask our AI coding assistants to do is generate code – from UI components to API endpoints. Here’s how each model fares when writing code from scratch based on your prompts: GPT-4.1 – Reliable code wizard: GPT-4.1 was explicitly optimized for real-world coding tasks. OpenAI tweaked it to produce cleaner frontend code (HTML/CSS/JS frameworks) and adhere to formats (it follows your requested file structure or function signatures without going rogue) ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch ). It excels at producing functional code in one go. For example, if you ask for a React Todo app with a Node backend, GPT-4.1 will output well-structured React components, router code, and even suggest npm packages. It’s less likely to inject extraneous snippets or weird formatting compared to earlier GPT models ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch ). In fact, OpenAI claims GPT-4.1 makes “fewer extraneous edits” and sticks to the plan better ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch ). The trade-off is that it sometimes confidently outputs code that might need slight tweaks , but overall it’s a dependable code generator. Claude 3.7 – Whole-codebase awareness: Claude Sonnet 3.7 shines when generating code in context of larger systems. Its huge context window (on the order of an entire repository) means you can literally paste your entire project and ask Claude to add a feature. It will understand how new code should fit in. Builders rave that Claude feels like a “systems thinker” – it’s not just generating isolated code, it’s considering the architecture . Need a new microservice in your cloud backend? Claude will produce code and configs, mindful of how they interact with your existing services. Anthropic advertises that Claude can handle tasks “across the entire software development lifecycle—from initial planning to bug fixes, maintenance to large refactors” ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet \ Anthropic ) , and that claim holds up. When it generates code, it often comments on its reasoning or double-checks dependencies, almost like pair-programming with a very thorough engineer. The only downside: sometimes Claude’s thoroughness means it might produce more verbose answers or ask for confirmation on assumptions, which is actually nice in complex projects but can slow down quick-and-dirty coding. Gemini 2.5 – Creative and multimodal: Gemini’s code generation capabilities are top-notch – Google reports that Gemini 2.5 Pro scored 63.8% on SWE-Bench (a tough coding benchmark) ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking ), beating GPT-4.1’s ~54% and even Claude 3.7’s ~62% ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch ). In practice, Gemini is fantastic at UI + logic generation . It can create “visually compelling web apps and agentic code applications” ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking ). If you prompt it for a full-stack app, it might not only give you the code, but also suggest UI improvements or alternative approaches (e.g. “I went with a Masonry layout for the photo gallery for better aesthetics”). A unique edge is multimodality – with Gemini you could literally feed an image (like a hand-drawn wireframe or a design mockup) as part of your prompt, and it can incorporate that into code generation. For instance, give it a napkin sketch of a layout, and Gemini will translate it into HTML/CSS (this is vibe coding on steroids!). Overall, Gemini’s code generation feels imaginative yet precise , though as an experimental model it occasionally may overshoot (writing extra features you didn’t ask for) – a bit of that enthusiastic rookie vibe. Winner for code gen: All three are extremely capable. GPT-4.1 is the steady workhorse that rarely disappoints for typical tasks, Claude 3.7 is your go-to for big, complex projects where context is king, and Gemini 2.5 is the cutting-edge choice for creative builds (especially if you want to leverage images or need that extra spark). In vibe coding, you might even use two: e.g. use GPT-4.1 for quick scaffolding and then ask Claude to review and refine architecture. Debugging and Error Fixing 🔧 Vibe coding isn’t just about generating new code – it’s also about quickly fixing the inevitable bugs. How do our models handle debugging and troubleshooting? GPT-4.1 – Fast and improved debugging: With an 8× larger analysis window than older GPT-4 model ( OpenAI’s New GPT 4.1 Models Excel at Coding | WIRED )】, GPT-4.1 can ingest a big chunk of log output or multiple files to diagnose an issue. Users report it’s better at staying on track and not hallucinating error causes thanks to improved instruction followin ( OpenAI’s New GPT 4.1 Models Excel at Coding | WIRED ) ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch )】. For example, if you feed GPT-4.1 a stack trace or a failing test and the relevant code, it will pinpoint the likely bug and suggest a fix. It tends to be direct and fast – great for when you have a pesky bug and want a quick answer. One alpha tester noted that GPT-4.1 had “substantially fewer cases of degenerate behavior” when navigating code, meaning it’s less likely to go down a rabbit hole reading irrelevant file ( OpenAI’s New GPT 4.1 Models Excel at Coding | WIRED )】. That’s a boon for debugging, where focus is key. However, GPT-4.1 might not always get deep logical bugs on the first try – sometimes you need to prod it with “think step by step” to get a more thorough analysis (OpenAI has separate slower reasoning modes, but GPT-4.1 by itself leans toward speed). Overall, it’s a strong debugger that’s only gotten better. Claude 3.7 – Your AI rubber duck (who reads everything ): Debugging is where Claude’s extensive context and reasoning shine. It can keep track of an entire codebase in its head, so it rarely misses the forest for the trees. If a bug spans multiple modules (“why is the authentication token invalidating when I updated the payment service?”), Claude can trace through all the relevant files if you provide them. It was literally pitched as the first model that can “understand your entire codebase ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet: the first AI model that understands your entire codebase | by Thack | Feb, 2025 | Medium )】 and it lives up to that: Claude 3.7 will recall things like “Ah, two weeks ago you set the token TTL to 1 hour; this might be expiring earlier than the refresh interval – here’s a fix.” This systems-level debugging ability is a game-changer for vibe coding larger apps. In quick mode, Claude can give near-instant pointers (like a super smart StackOverflow answer), and in extended thinking mode it will walk through the code step-by-step, double-checking each assumptio ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet: the first AI model that understands your entire codebase | by Thack | Feb, 2025 | Medium )】. The result is that Claude tends to catch edge cases and suggest robust fixes. Developers have noted fewer “oops, we forgot about X” moments in code reviews after using Claude’s debugging advic ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet: the first AI model that understands your entire codebase | by Thack | Feb, 2025 | Medium )】. The only caveat: if you’re in a hurry, Claude’s thoroughness might feel a bit slow – sometimes you just want the band-aid fix, but Claude might give you a full post-mortem (hey, not a bad thing!). Gemini 2.5 – Analytical and tool-enhanced: Gemini approaches debugging like a puzzle to solve. It has “thinking mode” available even in the faster Flash version, meaning it can perform internal reasoning before answerin ( Gemini 2.5 Flash is now in preview )】. When you give Gemini an error, you might notice it takes a tad longer (if the thinking budget is on), as it’s silently tracing through the logic. The payoff is an explanation that’s well-reasoned. For example, give Gemini a tricky asynchronous bug, and it might outline: “First, event A triggers before data is ready – this is a race condition. Fix: add await or a callback to ensure sequence.” It often goes the extra step to explain why the bug happened, teaching you in the process. An advantage with Gemini (especially in Google’s AI ecosystem) is integration with tools: it can leverage the Grounding with Google Search for error codes or API issues (the API allows a few search queries per day for free ( Gemini Developer API Pricing | Gemini API | Google AI for Developers )】. So if your bug is environment-specific (“What does this AWS error mean?”), Gemini might effectively do a quick RTFM via search and come back with the answer, reducing hallucination. In terms of speed, Gemini 2.5 Flash with thinking off is very snappy (comparable to GPT-4.1’s response time), but if you allow it to think, it slows down to Claude-like deliberation. This flexibility is nice – quick fixes when you want them, deep dives when you need them. Who debugs best? Claude 3.7 arguably wins for the hairy bugs in big systems – its comprehensive approach is like having a senior dev sift through everything for you. Gemini 2.5 is extremely strong as well, especially with the option to search and its logical rigor (it’s close to Claude in reasoning power). GPT-4.1 is excellent for quick-turnaround debugging on self-contained issues and has improved focus, though it may not autonomously dig as deep as the other two without prodding. In practice, all three will save you hours on debugging – which is exactly what vibe coding is about: less time fixing, more time building. Understanding Your Prompts & Following Intent 🎯 A huge part of vibe coding is the AI truly understanding what you mean . Whether it’s interpreting a casual request (“Make it pop more... you know, like add some animation”) or following a complex multi-step instruction, how do these models stack up in comprehension and intent alignment? GPT-4.1 – Excellent instruction follower: OpenAI put a lot of work into GPT-4.1’s prompt understanding. It’s tuned to follow nuanced instructions and formats very reliab ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch )0】. This means GPT-4.1 is less likely to derail – if you say “output only the code and nothing else,” it will do so. If you specify a JSON output format or a particular function signature, it sticks to it. In vibe coding, this is gold because you can speak naturally yet expect the model to get the gist. GPT-4.1 also has an updated knowledge cutoff (mid-202 ( Introducing GPT-4.1 in the API | OpenAI )8】, so it has context for relatively recent frameworks and libraries (it won’t blank on what Next.js or FlutterFlow is, for example). One of the quiet superpowers of GPT-4.1 is handling long, complex prompts . You can paste large design docs or user stories (thanks to that million-token window) and it will incorporate all that context in its response. It’s gotten better at saying “I don’t know” when appropriate instead of making stuff ( GPT-4.1: Three new million token input models from OpenAI, including their cheapest model yet )7】, which is great for trust. Overall, GPT-4.1 tends to be very cooperative : it tries to do exactly what you ask, and if something’s ambiguous, it often makes a reasonable assumption or asks for clarification (depending on how you prompt). Claude 3.7 – Intuitive and context-aware: Claude has always been known for its friendly, conversational style – it “feels” like talking to an expert colleague. Claude 3.7 takes prompt understanding to the next level with its massive context and training on following instructions diligently. It not only parses what you say, but also remembers earlier instructions or project context with uncanny accuracy. For instance, you might casually refer back to “the performance issue we discussed yesterday” and Claude will recall that context from a long conversation (assuming you provided the prior chat as context). This makes iterative development super smooth – you don’t have to keep restating things. Claude’s nuance understanding is arguably the best; it picks up on subtle cues. If you say “make the tone more playful” or “the code should be beginner-friendly,” Claude adjusts its output accordingly (like adding comments for clarity or using simpler language). And because it’s been trained with a focus on ethics and honesty, it’s pretty good at not pretending to know things it doesn’t – tying into its low hallucination tendency. In vibe coding terms, Claude truly gets your vibe . The only quirk: sometimes Claude might hedge or double-check if your prompt is vague (“I assume you mean X, let me know if not”), which can be seen as thoughtful, though occasionally you might be like “yes of course I meant X.” But hey, that’s better than confidently doing the wrong thing. Gemini 2.5 – Sharp and adaptive: Gemini’s understanding is top-tier as well, especially the Pro model which is literally described as having **“thinking capabilities natively built in” ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking )4】. It will actually reason about your prompt internally if needed. One cool aspect: if your prompt is a bit abstract or high-level, Gemini tries to break it down (chain-of-thought style) before executing. For example, say you give a one-liner: “I need a tool that analyzes sales data and picks stock reorder timings – oh and make it mobile-friendly.” A Gemini 2.5 might internally think: (“Okay, that implies: build a small web app (mobile-friendly), likely with a data upload or API, some analysis on timeseries sales data, maybe output reorder schedule, possibly needs a graph...”) , and then it will generate a solution covering those points. This means it’s less likely to miss implied requirements. Also, because Gemini can handle multiple modalities, you could even mix media in your prompt – e.g. “Here’s a rough schema diagram (image), and here’s a sample CSV (text attachment) – build the app around that.” It will use all of that to understand what you want. In terms of style, Gemini (especially Flash variant) tends to be straightforward and factual in following instructions, while Pro might give a bit more explanatory flavor. It’s very adaptable: if you say “use a whimsical tone for commit messages,” it will do that; if you say “strictly output only code,” it will comply. Being new, it might occasionally misinterpret extremely ambiguous instructions, but so will any AI. Importantly, Google has tuned it on human-preference data, so it ranks highly on helpfulness benchmar ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking )9】 – meaning it generally gives you what you asked for (and maybe a little more, but not too much). In summary, all three models are excellent at understanding natural language prompts , which is crucial for a smooth vibe coding experience. Claude 3.7 might have a slight edge in maintaining context over long sessions (that “long-term memory” feel), GPT-4.1 is extremely reliable in following exact instructions and formats, and Gemini 2.5 is super smart at reading between the lines of your request (thanks to built-in reasoning). As a builder, you can pretty much speak to any of them in normal dev-speak or even layman terms, and they’ll figure out what you need. Iterating on App Logic ⚙️ Building an app is an iterative process: you generate code, test it, get feedback, then refine or add features. In vibe coding, you’ll be in a loop of asking the AI to tweak things or extend functionality. Let’s see how each model handles iterative development and staying consistent over many turns: GPT-4.1 – Steady improvements with each iteration: GPT-4.1’s strength in iteration is its combination of speed + context . It’s fast (OpenAI says ~40% faster than the previous GPT-4 model ( OpenAI’s New GPT 4.1 Models Excel at Coding | WIRED )3】, so you don’t mind going back-and-forth with it for multiple rounds. It can keep a lot in context (so you can have a lengthy conversation as you evolve the app), and it’s good at integrating new instructions without forgetting old ones. For example, you might start with “build a blog site”, get code, then say “now add user comments” – GPT-4.1 will insert the new feature and usually do it in a way that fits the existing codebase. It won’t randomly refactor everything unless you ask. This means your app’s core vibe stays consistent. GPT-4.1 also now follows diff instructions well – if you say “here’s my current code, just show me what to change to add pagination,” it can output a neat diff or pat ( Introducing GPT-4.1 in the API | OpenAI )2】, which is super handy for iterative development. One limitation: because GPT-4.1 is so ready to follow instructions, it might not volunteer bigger structural changes unless prompted. So, if your app could really benefit from a different approach, GPT-4.1 might not suggest it proactively in an iteration (it tends to do exactly what you say). But that’s a minor point – you can always ask its opinion explicitly. Claude 3.7 – Remembers everything, thinks holistically: Iterating with Claude feels like working with a collaborator who has perfect recall. You can go through dozens of chat turns refining your app logic, and Claude won’t lose track of earlier decisions. In a typical AI builder workflow, you might have Claude generate an initial version, then you test and say “We need to optimize the image processing pipeline, it’s too slow” – Claude can recall how it built that part and suggest targeted improvements, or even propose a redesign using, say, a different library, explaining the trade-offs. It’s also great at maintaining consistent style and logic throughout iterations. If you asked for a functional programming style in iteration 1, and by iteration 5 you add new modules, Claude will likely continue with that style without being reminded. Moreover, Claude’s “architect” perspective means it will alert you during iterations if a new request might conflict with an earlier design. For example, “Adding real-time chat is tricky because our stack is RESTful – maybe we should introduce WebSockets or a service for that.” It’s like having a second pair of eyes ensuring your app stays coherent. This kind of high-level guidance is invaluable when you’re jamming on a project and might overlook something. Claude’s iterations do tend to be a bit more verbose – it might explain what it’s doing each time, which can be nice for learning or reasoning, though sometimes you might skim it when you just want the code. Gemini 2.5 – Rapid prototyping and refinement: Gemini is built for agentic, iterative workflows – Google even highlights its strength in building and refining interactive applicatio ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking )5】. In practice, iterating with Gemini (particularly the Flash model in a dev environment like Google AI Studio or on Fine) is smooth and fast. What’s cool is the “thinking budget” feature: during early quick iterations, you can keep thinking off (so it just cranks out changes quickly), and as you converge on a more complex change, you can allow more thinking. This way, you’re not paying extra time for every little tweak – only for the harder steps where deeper reasoning is need ( Gemini 2.5 Flash is now in preview )7】. Gemini’s multimodal ability can also come into play in iterations. Imagine you built a UI and you’re not happy with it – you can literally send a screenshot of the current UI and say “make it look more like this [reference image]” and Gemini can analyze the images to suggest UI code changes. That’s a next-level iterative tool that the other two can’t natively do. Additionally, Gemini 2.5 Pro, being very advanced, often suggests new ideas during iteration. For instance, after implementing a feature, it might say “I’ve added X. You might also consider adding Y for better user experience.” It’s not pushy, just helpful – it ranked top in a human preference leaderboard for quality of respons ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking )9】, so it tries to ensure you’re happy with the result. One thing to note: since Gemini 2.5 is fairly new, occasionally you might hit a preview quirk (e.g. maybe the API has a lower rate limit in free preview, so you have to pause or something) – but those are temporary issues as it matures. In a typical vibe coding session, Gemini iterates like a champ, keeping context well and adapting to new instructions intelligently. In terms of iterative workflow, Claude 3.7 is the king of long-haul consistency and memory, Gemini 2.5 offers the most flexibility (with multimodal and adjustable reasoning speed) which feels futuristic, and GPT-4.1 provides a very balanced, efficient iterative experience. Many AI builders actually mix and match models during a project – for instance, start a quick prototype with GPT-4.1 (fast initial scaffolding), then switch to Claude for heavy refactors or debugging, maybe try Gemini for a specific complex feature or UI polish. Since platforms like Fine let you tap into all of them, you can use each model where it’s strongest. 💡 Pro tip: Don’t be afraid to hand the same task to multiple models in parallel and see who gives the best result – a bit of friendly AI competition can boost your vibe! Reasoning Ability, Speed, Context Length & Hallucination Rate Let’s distill some key builder-friendly stats and qualities for GPT-4.1, Claude 3.7, and Gemini 2.5: Reasoning & “Intelligence”: All three are among the most intelligent AI models publicly available in 2025. Claude 3.7 and Gemini 2.5 especially are built with reasoning in mind . Claude 3.7 is described as a hybrid reasoning model that can do step-by-step thinking or give near-instant answers as nee ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet \ Anthropic ) ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet: the first AI model that understands your entire codebase | by Thack | Feb, 2025 | Medium )77】. Gemini 2.5 Pro literally has chain-of-thought logic baked in, allowing it to solve very complex problems (it tops many reasoning benchmarks in math, science, and cod ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking ) ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking )89】). GPT-4.1, while primarily optimized for coding and instruction following, still demonstrates strong reasoning – it outperforms older GPT-4 on tasks and was able to solve ~54% of real-world coding challenges in a benchmark that requires reading and understanding a whole codeb ( Introducing GPT-4.1 in the API | OpenAI )20】. In short, Claude and Gemini are like deep thinkers , great for when your task needs heavy planning or multi-step logic, whereas GPT-4.1 is a very clever doer , excelling at straightforward reasoning and leaving the super in-depth thinking for specialized modes or the user to guide. Most builders find all three plenty smart for day-to-day app development; you’ll only notice differences on really complex tasks (e.g. writing a novel algorithm or analyzing research data) where Gemini/Claude might edge out. Speed: In vibe coding, speed matters because it keeps you in the flow. GPT-4.1 is notably faster than its predecessors – roughly 40% faster generation than GPT-4 (GPT-4o) according to Ope ( OpenAI’s New GPT 4.1 Models Excel at Coding | WIRED )23】. It’s not “instant” for big outputs, but it’s quick enough that you’re not twiddling thumbs. OpenAI also released smaller GPT-4.1 Mini and Nano models which are even faster (Nano is the speed dem ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch )77】, though they trade some accuracy. Claude 3.7 can be very fast in its quick mode – often responding within a few seconds for short queries. However, if you let it engage extended thinking, it can take longer for complex tasks (tens of seconds or more), basically doing more computation to be sure it’s right. Anthropic’s API allows you to control that “think time” which is gr ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet \ Anthropic )86】. Gemini 2.5 Flash is tuned for speed; with thinking off it’s comparable to GPT-4.1’s speed or faster, and even with some thinking on, it’s optimized to keep latency ( Gemini 2.5 Flash is now in preview )67】. Meanwhile, Gemini 2.5 Pro is heavier and might be a bit slower per request (since it’s a larger model doing more reasoning), but it’s still impressively fast for its size, and Google is likely running it on supercharged TPUv5 pods (so it zips along). Generally, if you want blazing fast code completions for every keystroke, these big models might be overkill (you’d use smaller helpers). But for conversational coding, all three are comfortably within real-time use. If we rank: GPT-4.1 (fast) ≈ Gemini Flash (fastest with no think) > Claude quick mode (fast) > Gemini Pro (moderate) ≈ Claude extended (moderate). Context Length: Gone are the days of “sorry, I forgot what we were doing, can you paste that again?” – these models have massive context windows now. GPT-4.1 can handle 1 million tokens of input (about 750k words) in one ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch ) ( Introducing GPT-4.1 in the API | OpenAI )L8】, with up to 32k tokens of out ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch )84】. That means it could literally take in War and Peace and summarize it. Claude 3.7’s context is similarly huge – Anthropic mentions 128k token outputs in b ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet \ Anthropic )07】 and it’s implicitly able to ingest on that order or more (the vibe coding community often feeds entire codebases into Claude). In fact, developers have thrown hundreds of thousands of tokens of code and docs at Claude and it manages ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet: the first AI model that understands your entire codebase | by Thack | Feb, 2025 | Medium )42】. Gemini 2.5 Pro also ships with a 1M token context window (and Google even teased a 2M token upgrade so ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking ) ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking )02】. So practically speaking, all three can take insane amounts of context – more than you’ll likely need in normal app dev (unless you’re analyzing a gigantic dataset or something). The benefit for vibe coding: you can keep your entire conversation, all your code files, and even relevant docs (API specs, requirements, etc.) in the prompt without worrying about hitting limits. This makes them far more reliable over long sessions. Claude and Gemini especially seem to leverage the long context well – tests have shown GPT-4.1 and Gemini both can retrieve info from anywhere in that huge buffer accurat ( Introducing GPT-4.1 in the API | OpenAI )18】, and Claude’s whole design is to use that context to “see the big picture.” For builders, this means less manual copy-pasting and more seamless interactions. It’s worth noting these large contexts can incur more cost (long prompts = more tokens), but when vibe coding complex projects, it’s often worth it. Reliability & Hallucination Rate: No one wants an AI that makes stuff up or fails silently when building an app. Fortunately, these models have all been improving on reliability. Claude 3.7 is known for particularly low hallucination rates – Anthropic emphasizes t ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet \ Anthropic )L4】 and users find Claude is less likely to invent nonexistent functions or give wrong API info, especially when documentation is provided. Claude also tries to correct its own mistakes; if it realizes halfway that its approach won’t work, it can course-correct (sometimes even noting “I found an error in my earlier solution, here’s an update”). Gemini 2.5 with its reasoning approach tends to be accurate, and it also has an ace up its sleeve: integration with real data. Through the Gemini API, it can use Google Search grounding (with your permission) to fetch actual informat ( Gemini Developer API Pricing | Gemini API | Google AI for Developers )79】. This can dramatically reduce hallucination for factual questions or when up-to-date info is needed (e.g. “use the latest version of library X” – it can confirm what that is). Even without search, Gemini’s method of “think then answer” yields more correct results, as it catches contradictions in its thought process before it respo ( Gemini - Google DeepMind )L7】. GPT-4.1 is much more reliable than earlier GPT models too; OpenAI improved its instruction following and ability to refrain from guess ( GPT-4.1: Three new million token input models from OpenAI, including their cheapest model yet )27】. They even trained it to say “I don’t know” or ask for clarification rather than hallucinate code if a prompt is ambigu ( GPT-4.1: Three new million token input models from OpenAI, including their cheapest model yet )27】. Still, GPT-4.1 might occasionally be more verbose in confidently delivering an answer that could contain a minor mistake (less so than GPT-4, but it can happen). The good news: for coding tasks, errors are usually obvious (the code fails or tests don’t pass), and GPT-4.1, like the others, will fix things once you point them out. In terms of reliability (not crashing or derailing), all three are solid. None of them have the “go off on a tangent about unrelated stuff” issue as long as your prompts are clear. If you push them out of their domain (like asking medical or legal advice unrelated to coding), they’ll still respond (with appropriate caveats), but for app building, they tend to stick to the script. TL;DR: Claude 3.7 and Gemini 2.5 are very advanced in reasoning and likely hallucinate the least (especially with Claude’s careful nature and Gemini’s tool use), while GPT-4.1 is no slouch either and offers a great mix of speed and accuracy. All have huge memories (context) and are reliable for long vibe coding sessions. If your priority is absolute minimal hallucination and you’re working with provided knowledge (like your codebase), Claude might have a tiny edge. If you want the model to fact-check itself via search, Gemini is unique there. If you want consistently decent accuracy with high speed, GPT-4.1 (or its mini/nano variants) are excellent. In practice, you can trust any of them as your coding co-pilot – just remember AI is not infallible, so always test the generated code! Pricing and Access: Free Tiers, API Costs & Rate Limits 💳 Now, let’s talk about the practical stuff: how much do these models cost to use, and what are the usage limits? Depending on whether you’re using a platform like Fine, the model’s own API, or a third-party IDE (like Windsurf or Cursor), pricing and limits can vary. Here’s the current breakdown as of 2025: OpenAI GPT-4.1: This model is available via API (not directly in ChatGPT for free at the time of writ ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch ) ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch )177】. OpenAI significantly reduced the cost compared to older GPT-4. GPT-4.1 costs $2 per million input tokens and $8 per million output to ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch )182】 . To put that in perspective, generating ~800 tokens of code (about 600 words) might cost around $0.0064 – less than a penny. There’s no official free tier from OpenAI for GPT-4.1, but new API users often get a small credit to try (and some platforms might let you experiment with it free under their own plans). Rate-limit wise, OpenAI hasn’t published hard numbers publicly for GPT-4.1, but they tend to allow quite a few requests per minute for paid users, especially since GPT-4.1 is lighter than the older GPT-4. Many developers report being able to scale to hundreds of requests/minute with higher throughput if needed by requesting quota increases. For an individual builder, the defaults (often around 50-100 requests per minute and thousands of tokens per minute) are usually plenty. If you subscribe to ChatGPT’s paid plans (or use ChatGPT Enterprise), you might indirectly access GPT-4.1 features under the hood, but as of now, API is the way . So budget a few dollars for prototyping sessions (you’ll get a lot of coding done with even $0.50 of tokens given the low rates). Anthropic Claude 3.7 Sonnet: Claude 3.7 is accessible via the Anthropic API, and also through partner platforms like Amazon Bedrock and **Google Cloud Vertex ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet \ Anthropic )L81】. Pricing for Claude 3.7 Sonnet starts at **$3 per million input tokens and $15 per million output toke ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet \ Anthropic )L74】. This is a tad higher than GPT-4.1’s prices, but still quite affordable (generating that same 800-token code snippet would cost about $0.012 on Claude). Claude doesn’t really have a public free tier on its API. However, Anthropic offers a sandbox on their website (claude.ai) where you can chat with Claude for free with some daily message limits, and some developer platforms (like Poe or the Fine playground) might let you use Claude in limited capacity for free. For production use, you’ll need an API key from Anthropic (which as of 2025 might still be in invite mode – but platforms like Bedrock or Fine can provide access without you dealing with keys directly). Rate limits : Anthropic’s API historically had pretty generous token-per-minute caps, but since Claude can handle huge contexts, the main consideration is you can send a lot of data. They likely enforce some limits like maybe ~100k tokens per minute or a certain number of calls per minute by default. If you’re using Claude through Google or AWS, their respective service quotas apply (and can be increased for $$). For most builders, using Claude via a managed service or IDE means the tool will handle any batching needed. The bottom line : Claude is pay-as-you-go like others, slightly pricier output, but the value it provides (especially if you need that long context) can outweigh the cost if you’re churning through big codebases. Google Gemini 2.5: Google has made Gemini 2.5 available through its Vertex AI platform and the Gemini API (in Google AI Studio), and the good news is they initially offered free experimental access with some li ( Start building with Gemini 2.5 Pro. - Google Blog ) ( Google's new experimental Gemini 2.5 model rolls out to free users )L37】. For example, the Gemini 2.5 Pro (Experimental) model was free to use for a while but with lower rate li ( Google's new experimental Gemini 2.5 model rolls out to free users )L37】 – some users got ~5–10 calls per day free in the Gemini consumer ( Good news, Gemini 2.5 pro limit for free users is now 10/day up from ... )-L8】. In April 2025, Google announced pricing for production use. Gemini 2.5 Flash (the fast model) costs about $0.15 per million input tokens and $0.60 per million output tokens on the paid ( Gemini Developer API Pricing | Gemini API | Google AI for Developers )278】. Notably, if you use its “thinking mode,” the output tokens cost more (up to $3.50 per million for those reasoning tok ( Gemini Developer API Pricing | Gemini API | Google AI for Developers )278】 – essentially, a premium for the extra computation. Gemini 2.5 Pro is pricier: roughly $1.25–$2.50 per million input (depending on how large your prompt is) and **$10–$15 per million outp ( Gemini Developer API Pricing | Gemini API | Google AI for Developers )298】. This makes sense as Pro is the heavy-duty model akin to GPT-4.1’s big brother. Google’s pricing also differentiates free vs paid: on the free tier , Google AI Studio usage is completely free but rate-limited (they mention ~10 requests per minute and 500 per day in free prev ( Gemini 2.5 Flash with 'thinking budget' rolling out to devs, Gemini app )L33】. Once you upgrade to paid , you get much higher limits – e.g. up to 1000 requests per minute and 10k per day for certain mo ( Gemini 2.5 Flash with 'thinking budget' rolling out to devs, Gemini app )L33】 – and of course you pay per token as above. One interesting aspect: Google might allow community or research use under favorable terms (they hinted at “Gemini for Research”). But for a builder using Fine or any dev tool that supports Gemini, you’ll likely either use the free preview (if available) for light testing, or pay as you go when scaling up. The good thing is the costs are in line with competition, even a bit cheaper for the Flash model vs GPT-4.1 (input especially is cheap). If your app uses a lot of AI generation, Gemini Flash could save money; if you need the absolute best reasoning (Pro), you’ll pay a premium similar to Claude’s output costs. In summary, GPT-4.1 is very cost-effective ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch )182】 and widely accessible via API (though no official free tier beyond trial credit). Claude 3.7 is a bit pricier and slightly more gated, but available through multiple channels – it might cost a few more cents on a long output, but not a deal-breaker unless you generate novels of code. Gemini 2.5 offers a free preview which is great to try out, and its paid pricing is competitive; just remember to toggle “thinking” wisely to control costs. All three have high rate limits for paid users – likely enough for even the busiest solo hacker or a small team. If you’re using these via a platform like Fine , the platform likely passes through these costs or charges a subscription that includes some usage, but importantly, Fine supports them all , so you can choose or switch models without worrying about separate accounts or keys. Unique Strengths and Limitations in the AI Builder Workflow Let’s wrap up the comparison by highlighting what makes each model uniquely awesome, and where each might stumble, from a builder’s perspective : GPT-4.1 – The versatile coding companion: GPT-4.1’s biggest strength is its balance . It’s good at just about everything – code gen, Q&A, following instructions, you name it – and now it’s faster and cheaper than ( OpenAI’s New GPT 4.1 Models Excel at Coding | WIRED ) ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch )182】. It integrates seamlessly with numerous dev tools (because OpenAI’s ecosystem is widespread – from VS Code extensions to GitHub Copilot’s backend, etc.). So using GPT-4.1 often feels like a natural extension of your IDE. Another plus: the Mini and Nano versions allow you to scale down for speed or cost when needed, without leaving the GPT-4.1 family. One limitation to note: GPT-4.1 (the full model) still has a bit of that “I will obey literally” nature – it might not always take initiative to suggest a different approach unless asked. It’s less of an “agent” by default compared to something like Gemini Pro which tries to solve a problem autonomously. Also, because it’s OpenAI, there are sometimes stricter content filters (mostly a non-issue for coding, but if your app domain touches something sensitive, GPT might occasionally refuse). All in all, GPT-4.1 is like the dependable multi-tool in your toolbox – rarely the wrong choice for a task, and always at the ready. Claude Sonnet 3.7 – The thoughtful AI architect: Claude’s superpower is deep understanding – of your code, your instructions, and even the subtleties of language. It’s the model you bring in when you want an AI that not only writes code, but understands why that code needs to exist. Unique strengths include its extremely large context (great for big projects or feeding lots of docs) and its “self-checking” behavior that leads to fewer hallucinations and more reliable out ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet \ Anthropic )122】. Claude is also praised for having a more conversational and friendly style, which can make long coding sessions with it less fatiguing – it feels like a teammate. In an AI builder workflow, you might use Claude for brainstorming architecture, writing design docs, or doing comprehensive code reviews (it will happily read a whole repo and give you insights). Its limitations: it’s slightly slower when doing heavy reasoning (so for trivial tasks it might be overkill), and it’s somewhat less accessible than OpenAI/Google models in everyday tools (though that’s changing as more platforms add Claude). Additionally, Claude tends to be very polite and won’t violate guidelines – again, usually fine, but if you try to push it into hacky areas (like scraping something or using an unofficial API in code), it might refuse more readily than the others. But as long as you’re above-board, Claude is an absolute powerhouse for builders. Gemini 2.5 – The innovative powerhouse: Gemini is the new kid with lots of tricks. Its core strength is flexibility : it has modes to be fast or thorough, it handles multiple data types, and it is built to work with external tools/APIs (like web browsing, code execution, etc., given Google’s AI ecosystem direction). For an AI builder, this means you can do things like diagram -> code , or let the model use a calculator or search engine mid-prompt to get facts. It’s also showing the highest raw performance on many coding benchm ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking ) ( Gemini 2.5: Our newest Gemini model with thinking )395】, which suggests it will only get better. If you’re building something on Google Cloud or with Firebase, etc., Gemini might integrate especially well (Google is likely optimizing it for their dev tools). A unique feature is the “thinking budget” in Gemini Flash – you can optimize latency vs quality on the ( Gemini 2.5 Flash is now in preview )267】. In a typical workflow, that might mean super-fast responses as you scaffold out easy parts, and then dial up the reasoning for a complex function or tricky bug. Limitations: being newer, some third-party dev tools might not support it yet (but that’s mitigated if you use a platform like Fine which does support Gemini). Also, its two-tier approach (Flash vs Pro) means you sometimes have to choose which endpoint to use – Flash is great for 90% of tasks, but if you find it hitting a wall, you’d switch to Pro for more oomph. This is a minor cognitive load versus GPT or Claude which are single models; however, fine-tuning when to use which can save time and money. Lastly, cost for Pro is on the higher side, so if you run it constantly at full blast it could rack up more expense – but you likely only invoke the “big guns” when needed. All said, Gemini 2.5 feels like the model built for the future of vibe coding – one where AI can handle everything from writing your app to literally running parts of it. So, Which LLM Should You Use for Vibe Coding? If you’ve read this far, you’ve probably realized there’s no one-size-fits-all winner – it truly depends on your use case and personal workflow. The good news is, you don’t have to commit to just one. Many builders use a combination: GPT-4.1 for its speed and general skills, Claude for its deep understanding and reliability, and Gemini for its cutting-edge features and raw power. It’s less about GPT-4.1 vs Claude vs Gemini and more about GPT-4.1 + Claude + Gemini in your toolkit. No matter which model you vibe with most, the era of AI coding assistants has clearly arrived. Complex app development is now a collaboration between human creativity and AI intelligence. It lets us focus on the fun parts – dreaming up features, designing user experiences, exploring crazy ideas – while the AI handles the boilerplate and heavy lifting. It truly feels like coding with superpowers . Ready to get your hands dirty and start vibe coding? Grab your favorite model (or all three) and give it a spin in a dev environment. There’s nothing quite like the thrill of seeing your app come to life by simply chatting with an AI. 🚀 **Start vibe coding with your favorite model – Fine supports them a ( OpenAI's new GPT-4.1 AI models focus on coding | TechCrunch ) ( Claude 3.7 Sonnet \ Anthropic )-L74】 Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Challenges > Heroku "Back to School" AI Challenge CHALLENGE RESULTS 🏆 Winners Announced! 🎊 Congrats to the Heroku "Back to School" AI Challenge Winners! Read Announcement Challenge ends soon! Submit your entry now DAYS : HOURS : MINUTES : SECONDS See prompts Heroku "Back to School" AI Challenge View Entries Please sign in to follow this challenge Make the back-to-school transition smoother, smarter, and more successful! Challenge Status: Ended Ended Join our next Challenge UPDATE 10/9/25: Winner announcement is delayed. We are so delighted to partner with Heroku for a new DEV challenge designed exclusively for students. Running through September 28 , the Heroku "Back to School" AI Challenge is all about building intelligent AI-powered experiences that make the back-to-school transition smoother, smarter, and more successful. We have one overarching prompt with three exciting ways to win! Each winner will receive: $1,000 USD DEV++ Exclusive DEV Badge All eligible student participants will receive a completion badge. We can't wait to see what you build! Key Dates Contest start: August 27, 2025 Submissions due: September 28, 2025 Winners announced: October 09, 2025 Badge Rewards Heroku "Back to School" Challenge Completion Badge Heroku "Back to School" Challenge Winner Badge Find Out More Ask questions and share your ideas on the Heroku "Back to School" AI Challenge Launch Post. View Launch Post Sponsored by Heroku Heroku is an AI PaaS that accelerates cloud-native AI app delivery supporting a range of languages, frameworks, managed data, inference, agents, & a marketplace for easy extensibility. Heroku streamlines custom app development, deployment, and operations, enabling teams to automate workflows, reduce friction, and build AI-driven apps without the complexity. Learn About Heroku → Challenge Prompt 💡 Build an AI-Powered Back to School Experience For this challenge, your mandate is to build an AI-Powered Back to School Experience . Create a multi-agent AI application that helps with any aspect of the back-to-school experience. Your application should incorporate one or more of the following Heroku AI features : Model Context Protocol (MCP) on Heroku Heroku Managed Inference and Agents pgvector for Heroku Postgres 👉 Additionally, your submission should fall under one of these categories: Student Success : Awarded to a top submission that directly supports student learning, organization, or academic achievement. Educator Empowerment : Awarded to a top submission with tools that help teachers, professors, or administrators be more effective. Crazy Creative : Awarded to a top submission with the most creative or unexpected use of AI for back-to-school needs. Think study planning assistants, classroom optimization tools, campus navigation systems, academic collaboration platforms, or anything else that makes returning to school better. The possibilities are endless! 📋 How To Participate In order to participate, you will need to enroll in the GitHub Student Developer Pack, sign up for the Heroku for GitHub Students Offer, and be a resident from one of the countries or territories listed below. 🧑🎓 Github Student Developer Pack Enrollment Enroll in the Github Student Developer Pack (if you haven't yet) Click the Heroku offer. Sign up for a Heroku account , or log into your account if you already have one. Apply for the "Heroku for Github" student offer Once these steps have been completed, your credits will be added to your Heroku account within 1-2- hours . Additional Notes Credits will be applied toward any Heroku products, including Heroku Dynos, Heroku Postgres and Heroku Key-Value Store, except for third-party Heroku Add-ons The offer is $13/mo credit for 2 years for a total of $312 credits. Credits won't carry over month to month, so it's use it or lose it. All students are required to add a valid payment method as part of the application process to cover third party total usage that the credits don't cover. See the Heroku for GitHub Students page for more information about the program. 🚀 Submitting Your Project When you're ready to submit your project, you will need to publish a post using the submission template below. If your submission qualifies for multiple categories, just publish one post and list all the categories it qualifies for. ⚠️ Eligibility Requirements 🌐 Geographic and Student Eligibility Geographic Eligibility: This challenge is open to residents of the following countries and territories: 50 United States (including the District of Columbia), Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada (excluding Quebec), Croatia, Cyprus, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland, Japan, Latvia, Luxembourg, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Singapore, Spain, South Africa, Ukraine, and United Kingdom. Student Status: All participants must be currently enrolled students with active access to the GitHub Student Developer Pack. Please refer to the registration instructions above for how to get access to the GitHub Student Developer Pack. If you do not meet these eligibility criteria, we encourage you to explore our other available challenges ! Submission Template Judging Criteria: Innovation and Creativity Technical Implementation User Experience and Impact Use of Heroku AI Features Documentation Quality Helpful Links & Resources Get started with Heroku AI by exploring their comprehensive documentation and resources. Heroku Documentation Heroku AI Managed Inference and Agents Add-on Working on MCP with Heroku pgvector on Heroku Postgres We recommend using Cursor IDE for development, which offers excellent MCP support and AI-powered coding assistance. Frequently Asked Questions Participation Can I submit to a prompt more than once? Yes, you can submit multiple submissions per prompt but you'll need to publish a separate post for each submission. Can I work on a team? Yes, you can work on teams of up to four people. If you collaborate with anyone, you'll need to list their DEV handles in your submission post so we can award a badge to your entire team! Please only publish one submission per team. DEV does not handle prize-splitting, so in the event that your submission wins the shop gift, you will need to split that amongst yourselves. Thank you for understanding! How old do I have to be to participate? Participants need to be 18+ in order to participate. Submission Can I update my submission after the submission due date? No, please do not update your submission during the judging period. Can my submission include open source code? Riffing on open source code and borrowing and improving on previous work/ideas is encouraged but it's important your changes are significant enough to ensure your submission is valid. When does riffing become plagiarism? It will depend, but transparency is important, license compatibility is important. You can use someone else's code to give you a jumpstart to demonstrate your ideas on top of someone else's base, but not just re-package the base. 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Do submissions have to be in English? Non-english submissions are eligible for a completion badge but not eligible for prizes due to the current limitations of our judges. We will not be judging on mastery of the English language, so please don't let this deter you from submitting if you are not a native English speaker! We hope to evolve this in the future to be more accommodating. Do I need a license for my code? You are not required to license your code but we strongly recommend that you do. Here are some you may consider: MIT , Apache , BSD-2 , or Commons Clause . Can I use AI? Use of AI is allowed as long as all other rules are followed. We want to give you a chance to show off your skills in realistic scenarios. If you use AI tools to help you achieve your submission, all the power to you. How do I embed my project directly into my DEV post? 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| 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://dev.to/anand12/10-bad-coding-habits-you-need-to-put-an-end-to-right-now#main-content | 10 Bad Coding Habits You Need to Put an End to Right Now - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close #WithAnand Follow 10 Bad Coding Habits You Need to Put an End to Right Now Nov 12 '21 play Everyone isn’t perfect, and it’s the most honest of truths. It is the same with programmers as with any other field in life. There are a lot of good, great, and still-growing-up programmers, but they are often not the best. We all make mistakes and everyone is human. Apart from faults, bad habits can also cause a lot of trouble. These bad habits may seem innocent at first glance, but if not corrected, can cause a lot of problems. Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ Episode source Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Your browser does not support the audio element. 1x initializing... × 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://dev.to/adventures_in_ml/strategies-for-improving-code-quality-and-maintenance-in-the-python-environment-ml-140#main-content | Strategies for Improving Code Quality and Maintenance in the Python Environment - ML 140 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Adventures in Machine Learning Follow Strategies for Improving Code Quality and Maintenance in the Python Environment - ML 140 Jan 25 '24 play Ben and Michael delve into the crucial aspects of coding, culture, and collaboration. From the importance of proper formatting and consistency in Python code to the challenges of changing organizational culture, they explore the impact of code quality on team dynamics and project success. They emphasize empathy, communication, and the power of a positive vision to drive change. Tune in to gain insights on tackling diverse problems, the role of documentation, and the significance of modularization in codebases. Join them as they navigate the world of development and seek to create a positive work environment where clear, understandable code thrives. Sponsors Chuck's Resume Template Developer Book Club starting Become a Top 1% Dev with a Top End Devs Membership Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy Episode source Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Your browser does not support the audio element. 1x initializing... × 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML | MathML | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web MathML Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português (do Brasil) Русский 中文 (简体) 正體中文 (繁體) MathML Baseline Widely available This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since January 2023. Learn more See full compatibility Report feedback Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) is an XML -based language for describing mathematical notation. MathML was originally designed as a general-purpose specification for browsers, office suites, computer algebra systems , EPUB readers, LaTeX -based generators. However, this approach was not very adapted to the Web: the subset focusing on semantics has never been implemented in browsers while the subset focusing on math layout led to incomplete and inconsistent browser implementations. MathML Core is a subset with increased implementation details based on rules from LaTeX and the Open Font Format . It is tailored for browsers and designed specifically to work well with other web standards including HTML , CSS , DOM , JavaScript . Below you will find links to documentation, examples, and tools to work with MathML. MDN uses MathML Core as a reference specification but, due to an erratic standardization history, legacy MathML features may still show up in existing implementations and web content. Note: It is highly recommended that developers and authors switch to MathML Core, perhaps relying on other web technologies to cover missing use cases. The Math WG is maintaining a set of MathML polyfills to facilitate that transition. In this article Tutorials Guides Reference Examples Getting help from the community Tools Related topics Specifications Browser compatibility Tutorials The MathML tutorials are designed to walk you through topics assuming that you have no prior experience, starting from the basics and progressing to more advanced techniques. MathML for beginners This tutorial will guide you through creating math formulas using structured markup. It starts with an introduction to adding MathML to an HTML document, followed by a deep dive into key components: fractions and roots, scripted elements, and text containers. The tutorial then covers tabular layouts for matrices and advanced math formatting. Finally, a challenge tests your understanding by having you recreate three famous mathematical formulas using the learned concepts. Guides The MathML guides are resources that help you author MathML on your web pages, including guidance on writing, editors, fonts and more. Authoring MathML Suggestions and tips for writing MathML, including suggested MathML editors and how to integrate their output into Web content. Fonts for MathML How users can install such math fonts to properly display MathML in browsers. Reference The MathML reference is a comprehensive list of MathML elements and attributes that are documented on MDN. MathML element reference Details about each MathML element and compatibility information for desktop and mobile browsers. MathML global attribute reference Information about global MathML attributes applicable to all elements. MathML attribute reference Information about MathML attributes that modify the appearance or behavior of elements. MathML attribute values Further information about MathML attribute values. Examples Below you'll find some examples you can look at to help you to understand how to use MathML. MathML formulas The following demos display increasingly complex mathematical concepts in Web content. Proving the Pythagorean theorem Small example showing a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem. Deriving the quadratic formula Outlines the derivation of the Quadratic Formula. Mozilla MathML test Original test from the Mozilla MathML project. It contains examples from the TeXbook with image references generated by TeX. Other Web technologies The following demos mix MathML with other Web technologies to produce advanced content. <la-tex> custom element A custom element that accepts LaTeX content. Magnetic field demo A 3D representation of a magnetic field, using SVG and WebGL . Συνάρτηση ζήτα Ρήμαν (el) A greek article about the Riemann zeta function, with Web fonts from the Greek Font Society . Pell's equation A JavaScript program to solve Pell's equation using BigInt . Lovelace's program for Bernoulli numbers An emulator for Ada Lovelace's program to calculate Bernoulli numbers, using Private elements . Getting help from the community W3C Math Home Raise issues on GitHub w3c/mathml repository www-math w3.org mail archive Tools W3C Validator W3C's wiki page Related topics CSS HTML SVG Specifications Specification Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 4.0 Browser compatibility Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Sep 15, 2025 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar MathML Tutorials For beginners Getting started Text containers Fractions and roots Scripted elements Tables Famous formulas Guides Authoring Fonts Examples Quadratic formula Pythagorean theorem Reference Elements <annotation-xml> <annotation> <maction> Deprecated <math> <menclose> Non-standard <merror> <mfenced> Non-standard Deprecated <mfrac> <mi> <mmultiscripts> <mn> <mo> <mover> <mpadded> <mphantom> <mprescripts> <mroot> <mrow> <ms> <mspace> <msqrt> <mstyle> <msub> <msubsup> <msup> <mtable> <mtd> <mtext> <mtr> <munder> <munderover> <semantics> Global attributes data-* dir displaystyle href Non-standard mathbackground Deprecated mathcolor Deprecated mathsize Deprecated scriptlevel Attributes Values Your blueprint for a better internet. MDN About Blog Mozilla careers Advertise with us MDN Plus Product help Contribute MDN Community Community resources Writing guidelines MDN Discord MDN on GitHub Developers Web technologies Learn web development Guides Tutorials Glossary Hacks blog Website Privacy Notice Telemetry Settings Legal Community Participation Guidelines Visit Mozilla Corporation’s not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation . Portions of this content are ©1998–2026 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Content available under a Creative Commons license . | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://docs.devcycle.com/platform/security-and-guardrails/permissions/#cannot- | Roles & Permissions | DevCycle Docs Skip to main content Home SDKs APIs Management API Bucketing API Integrations CLI / MCP Best Practices Community Blog Discord Search Sign Up Home Getting Started Essentials DevCycle Overview Key Features System Architecture Feature Hierarchy Feature Types Platform Feature Flags Experimentation Account Management Security and Guardrails Approval Workflows Audit Log Custom Property Schemas Feature Obfuscation Roles & Permissions SDK Visibility Variable Schemas Testing and QA Extras Examples Platform Security and Guardrails Roles & Permissions On this page Roles & Permissions At DevCycle, our permissions model is designed to protect production while supporting secure and scalable team collaboration. We offer flexible, role-based access controls that can be applied both at the Organization and Project level—allowing you to tailor access based on how your teams operate. Permissions are available for Organizations on our Business or Enterprise plans. You can visit our pricing page or contact our support team to learn more about our plans. Permission Levels Overview DevCycle supports multiple levels of permission enforcement: Flat Access (default) : All users have full access across all Projects Basic Permissions : Org-wide roles that protect production Environments (Business and Enterprise plans) Full Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) : Fine-grained permissions managed at the Project level (Enterprise plans only) info Permissions enforcement will apply to all Projects and Production-type Environments within your Organization. Basic Permissions (Organization-Wide Roles) Basic permissions apply at the Organization level and are available to all Business and Enterprise customers. The principle behind basic permissions is to protect Production Environments while keeping permissions and their management as lightweight as possible. This level is perfect for teams that want to be able to move fast but still require some governance protections to be in place. info To enable basic permissions, navigate to your Organization Settings page and enable it under the permissions dropdown. The roles available with Basic Permissions are: Members Can ✅ Configure Development and Staging Environments Configure Inactive Production Environments Cannot ❌ Enable or Disable Production Environments Targeting Configure Active Production Environments When Production is Active , Configure Variables and Variations Manage roles of other users Manage Organization or Project settings Publishers Everything Members can do, plus: Can ✅ Enable or Disable Production Environments Targeting Configure Active Production Environments When Production is Active , Configure Variables and Variations Manage Project settings Cannot ❌ Manage roles of other users Manage Organization settings or billing Owners Everything Publishers can do, plus: Can ✅ Manage roles of all users in the Organization Administer billing Assigning Roles To assign a role to a team member, simply navigate to their profile. If you are an owner, you will be able to assign a new role to the member by using the Role dropdown. After you have selected a role, click "save" and the team member's permissions will be updated. For the user to have the new permission level available to them they will need to generate a new session by logging in again. Full Role-Based Access Control (Project-Level Roles – Enterprise Only) For Organizations managing multiple teams or business units, DevCycle offers Project-level RBAC on Enterprise plans. This allows you to manage roles granularly, granting access only to the specific workspaces your team members need with the requisite roles they need in each of those workspaces. With Role-Based Access Control, you can: Scope access to individual Projects Prevent cross-project visibility and restrict access to only the Projects a user is assigned Align access with your SSO groups and SCIM-based provisioning This enables centralized identity and access management with decentralized control, especially when integrated with providers like Azure AD or Okta. info To enable and configure SSO and SCIM-based provisioning, please contact our support team. Role Matrix The table below outlines actions available to each role across Organization and Project levels. note All actions affecting Production Environments are restricted for roles below Publisher . Action Viewer Member Publisher Project Admin Org Admin Org Owner organization:read:settings ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ organization:write:settings ✅ ✅ organization:read:members ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ organization:write:members ✅ ✅ organization:read:billing ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ organization:write:billing ✅ organization:read:projects ✅ ✅ ✅ project:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ project:write ✅ project:write:settings ✅ ✅ project:delete ✅ feature:read:staleness ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:publish ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:delete ✅ ✅ feature:status:archive ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:status:complete ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:read:config ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ feature:write:config ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:write:prod ✅ ✅ ✅ audience:delete ✅ ✅ variable:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variable:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variable:write:prod ✅ ✅ environment:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ environment:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ environment:delete ✅ ✅ variation:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variation:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ variation:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ results:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ user:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ user:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ auditlog:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ customproperty:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ customproperty:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ customproperty:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metric:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metric:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metric:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metricassociation:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metricassociation:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ metricassociation:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ project:read:overrides ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ project:write:overrides ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ webhook:read ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ webhook:write ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ webhook:delete ✅ ✅ ✅ project:read:tokens ✅ ✅ project:write:tokens ✅ Managing Role Mappings with SCIM and SSO For Enterprise customers using identity providers (IdPs) like Azure AD or Okta, DevCycle supports role mapping through SCIM and SSO group-based permissions . Roles can be mapped to IdP groups Users are automatically assigned the correct roles upon login Centralized IT control, local team autonomy This streamlines onboarding and offboarding, and ensures the principle of least privilege is maintained. To get started with Role-Based Access Control, contact our support team. Edit this page Last updated on Jan 9, 2026 Previous Feature Obfuscation Next SDK Visibility Permission Levels Overview Basic Permissions (Organization-Wide Roles) Members Publishers Owners Assigning Roles Full Role-Based Access Control (Project-Level Roles – Enterprise Only) Role Matrix Managing Role Mappings with SCIM and SSO DevCycle Dashboard Blog Privacy Policy Twitter Discord GitHub Copyright © 2026 DevCycle. All rights reserved. | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://youtu.be/5dchFSA8LrU | Machine Learning for Meeting Notes - ML 110 - YouTube 정보 보도자료 저작권 문의하기 크리에이터 광고 개발자 약관 개인정보처리방침 정책 및 안전 YouTube 작동의 원리 새로운 기능 테스트하기 © 2026 Google LLC, Sundar Pichai, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View CA 94043, USA, 0807-882-594 (무료), yt-support-solutions-kr@google.com, 호스팅: Google LLC, 사업자정보 , 불법촬영물 신고 크리에이터들이 유튜브 상에 게시, 태그 또는 추천한 상품들은 판매자들의 약관에 따라 판매됩니다. 유튜브는 이러한 제품들을 판매하지 않으며, 그에 대한 책임을 지지 않습니다. var ytInitialData = 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https://www.fine.dev/blog#pricing | Fine - AI Coding Blog - AI Agents for Software Development Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing Stay up-to-date with the latest software development trends The AI Coding Blog, by Fine 20 Things You Can Do With Your Extra Free Time Now That You’re Using AI Coding Tools to Develop Software Introducing AI Workflows: AI Coding Automating Mundane Development Work AI Coding FAQs GPT-4.1 vs Claude Sonnet 3.7 vs Gemini 2.5 Everything you need to know about Dev Containers AI-Assisted Coding: How Fine is Leading the Future of Code Generation AI Coding – A Simple Guide for Developers The Top AI Coding Tools and Assistants in 2024 AI Developer Agents: Revolutionizing Software Development for Startups with Fine AI for Programmers: Trends and Predictions AI Programming Tips: Make Your Coding Smarter and Easier Wird KI Programmierer ersetzen? ¿Reemplazará la IA a los programadores? L'IA remplacera-t-elle les programmeurs ? Zal AI programmeurs vervangen? Will AI replace programmers? AI for Programmers: Top Tools to Supercharge Your Development Workflow Using AI Coding Assistants to Develop Software for Apple iOS Announcing Fine for Startups - Your Junior Full-Stack Developer for $15/Month Bolt vs. V0: ¿Cuál es la mejor herramienta de programación con IA para el desarrollo front-end? Comparaison entre Bolt.new et v0 par Vercel : Quel outil de développement alimenté par l'IA convient le mieux à votre startup ? Comparing Bolt.new and v0 by Vercel: Which AI-Powered Development Tool Suits Your Startup? How to Build a Scalable Tech Infrastructure on a Startup Budget: A Step-by-Step Guide for CTOs Can AI Build Me an App? Discover How Fine Empowers You to Create Your Own App Creating a Custom Captive Portal for Home WiFi with Raspberry Pi and AI Magic Coding with ChatGPT Canvas: Elevate Your Workflow with Fine Using Fine to Set Up a Retry Mechanism for Failed Webhooks 7 Common AI Startup Pitfalls and How CTOs Can Avoid Them Most Common Python Errors When Using AI Using AI for backend feature development: Implementing Soft Delete Top 7 Challenges CTOs Face in Startups (and How to Solve Them) Cursor or GitHub Copilot: Which is the Better AI Coding Tool? Using AI for programmers to create a dark mode toggle in web app How to Effectively Delegate Technical Tasks as a Startup CTO to Boost Productivity From Producing a Web Series to Founding a Startup: Fine’s Journey GitHub Copilot and Claude: What You Need to Know How to Build an App with AI: A Step-by-Step Guide How to Use Cursor AI for Software Development How to Use GitHub Copilot How to Integrate AI into Your Startup: A Technical Guide for CTOs The Best Practices for Integrating AI into Your Existing Startup Tech Stack Lovable.dev vs Bolt.new vs Fine: Comparing AI App Builders Managing Technical Debt: A Startup's Guide to Keeping Code Clean on a Tight Timeline MCP vs A2A: Model Context Protocol and Agent-to-Agent Communication in AI App Development Model Context Protocol (MCP): The Key to Faster, Simpler AI App Development with Fine Moving Towards Natural Language Coding: Analyzing GitHub's Copilot, Copilot Workspace, and Fine. The AI Coding Challenge OpenAI o1 vs. Claude Sonnet 3.5: ¿Cuál modelo de IA es mejor para programar? OpenAI o1 vs. Claude Sonnet 3.5 : Quel modèle d'IA est le meilleur pour coder ? OpenAI o1 vs. Claude Sonnet 3.5: Which AI Model is Best for Coding? Comparing the Best AI-Powered PR Review Tools for 2024: Fine, CodeRabbit, Bito, Codium, Cursor, and Axolo How to Build a Remote-First Tech Team as a Startup CTO: Tools and Tactics Replit vs Cursor: ¿Cuál es la mejor herramienta de codificación AI para ti? Replit vs Cursor : Quel outil de codage IA est le meilleur pour vous ? Replit vs Cursor vs Fine: Which AI Coding Tool Is Best for You? 10 Tips for Reviewing PRs Effectively and Efficiently Why Fine Is the Safest Way to Use AI for Dev Work on Your Codebase Scaling AI in Startups: A CTO’s Step-by-Step Framework for Success Best Practices for Securing Your Startup's Codebase: A CTO’s Step-by-Step Guide 7 Proven Strategies for Shipping Faster with a Small Development Team How to Optimize Your Cloud Costs Without Sacrificing Performance: Tips for Startup CTOs Vibe Coding Security: Best Practices for Building Secure AI-Powered Apps Unleashing the Power of Vibe Coding When Not To Use Fine Windsurf vs Cursor: A Detailed Comparison and Why Startups Are Choosing Fine © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrmwjVdaxMM | Gabriel Florit - On Responsive Design and Data Visualization - YouTube 정보 보도자료 저작권 문의하기 크리에이터 광고 개발자 약관 개인정보처리방침 정책 및 안전 YouTube 작동의 원리 새로운 기능 테스트하기 © 2026 Google LLC, Sundar Pichai, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View CA 94043, USA, 0807-882-594 (무료), yt-support-solutions-kr@google.com, 호스팅: Google LLC, 사업자정보 , 불법촬영물 신고 크리에이터들이 유튜브 상에 게시, 태그 또는 추천한 상품들은 판매자들의 약관에 따라 판매됩니다. 유튜브는 이러한 제품들을 판매하지 않으며, 그에 대한 책임을 지지 않습니다. var ytInitialData = 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https://dev.to/adventures_in_ml/mlops-101-scoping-latency-data-curation-and-continuous-model-retraining-ml-143#main-content | MLOps 101: Scoping, Latency, Data Curation, and Continuous Model Retraining - ML 143 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Adventures in Machine Learning Follow MLOps 101: Scoping, Latency, Data Curation, and Continuous Model Retraining - ML 143 Mar 14 '24 play Ben and Michael dive into the world of machine learning operations (MLOps) and discuss the complexities of building a computer vision pipeline to detect fishing boats at ports. They unpack the intricacies of MLOps basics and the challenges of implementing an effective computer vision model for traffic optimization and data collection at ports. From discussing the importance of exploratory data analysis (EDA) and data cleaning for image classification to the intricacies of continuous integration and deployment, this episode provides invaluable insights into the practical application of machine learning in real-world scenarios. Sponsors Chuck's Resume Template Developer Book Club Become a Top 1% Dev with a Top End Devs Membership Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy Episode source Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Your browser does not support the audio element. 1x initializing... × 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://dumb.dev.to/pod | Podcasts - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Podcasts Suggest a Podcast Latest episodes S27:E8 - Learning AI (Matt Eland) CodeNewbie, May 22 '24 ICD Weekend #25 – Facebook podsłuchuje Snapchata • nowe sposoby na oszukiwanie AI Internet! Czas działać (polish), May 17 '24 S27:E7 - Tech and Art (Chris Immel) CodeNewbie, May 15 '24 ICD Weekend #24 - Pay Or OK? Wytyczne EROD Internet! Czas działać (polish), May 10 '24 S27:E6 - The Crossover of Health, Technology and Art (Daniel Bourke) CodeNewbie, May 8 '24 ICD Weekend #23 – Prawie znaleziono algorytm łamiący kryptograficzne problemy kratowe Internet! Czas działać (polish), May 3 '24 Featured shows CodeNewbie DevDiscuss DevNews Browse #WithAnand #include .NET Bytes .NET Rocks! 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Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/best-practices-for-api-keys-management | Best Practices for Key & Token Management - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection Developer Resources Overview Updates and Versioning Versioning and Support Policy SDK Changelog Authentication API Keys and Secrets Service Token Best Practices for Key & Token Management MCP Overview BETA Quickstart Tool List Building with LLMs Security Security SDKs and APIs SDKs Management API REST API Postman Collection Features Validate Trigger Payload Type Safety Testing Testing the Template Test Mode Monitoring and Logging Logs Data Out Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation Authentication Best Practices for Key & Token Management Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Authentication Best Practices for Key & Token Management OpenAI Open in ChatGPT How to securely manage Workspace Keys, Secrets, API Keys, and Service Tokens in your application and backend code. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT SuprSend provides multiple authentication methods, each with different scopes: Workspace Key & Secret → Backend SDK authentication API Keys → REST API authentication per workspace Service Tokens → Management API authentication across workspaces This guide covers best practices for keeping them secure. 1. Workspace Key & Secret Pre-generated for each workspace. Used only with backend SDKs . Safer by design as the Workspace Secret is never transmitted over the network . Best Practices : Never share Workspace Secrets (not even with SuprSend support). Store them securely in environment variables or a key management system. Rotate if compromised or leaked. Secret rotation option is not currently exposed to SuprSend dashboard. Please reach out to [email protected] for secret rotation. 2. API Keys Used for authenticating REST API requests at the workspace level. Each workspace has its own set of API Keys, isolating staging and production environments. Best Practices : Treat API Keys as sensitive secrets — never expose them in client-side code. Always store keys securely (as environment variables or in a secure vault). Rotate periodically (e.g., every 6 months). Rotate immediately if a key is compromised or accidentally exposed. Monitor API usage for anomalies on SuprSend dashboard -> Logs (Requests tab) (unexpected spikes, unauthorized calls). 3. Service Tokens Used to authenticate Management APIs . Scoped at the account level , allowing cross-workspace operations (e.g., promoting workflows from staging → production). Provide higher privilege than API Keys, so require stricter handling. Best Practices : Limit use of Service Tokens to CI/CD pipelines and automation — avoid day-to-day manual use. Store them as environment variable or encrypted secrets manager. Rotate on a scheduled basis (every 6–12 months). Rotate immediately if exposed or if a privileged user leaves the team. Maintain strict access control — only admins or automation systems should have access. General Security Guidelines Never commit keys/tokens to version control (e.g., GitHub). Use environment variables or a Key Management Service (e.g., AWS KMS, HCP Vault, GCP Secret Manager). Follow least privilege principle — share keys only with systems or people that need them. Set up monitoring & alerts for unauthorized or unusual activity. Rotate keys/tokens regularly and immediately upon suspected compromise. Rotation Strategy Scheduled Rotation API Keys → every 6 months Service Tokens → every 6–12 months Workspace Secrets → rotate if organizational policy requires Ad-Hoc Rotation Immediately upon exposure (logs, repositories, screenshots) On suspicious activity or abuse When a team member with access leaves Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Overview Use the SuprSend MCP server to connect SuprSend with LLMs and AI agents Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page 1. Workspace Key & Secret 2. API Keys 3. Service Tokens General Security Guidelines Rotation Strategy | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://ruul.io/blog/remote-jobs-for-digital-nomads | What Are the Best Remote Jobs for Digital Nomads? Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up grow Remote Jobs for Digital Nomads Looking to work remotely while traveling? Learn about popular remote jobs for digital nomads and start your journey today! Eran Karaso 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points As the world of work evolves, more professionals are embracing the freedom of remote work, allowing them to live and travel while maintaining their careers. For digital nomads, the ability to work from anywhere comes with the opportunity to explore diverse remote job options. Here’s a list of popular remote jobs that cater to various skills and interests: As companies seek to outsource activities to qualified experts, remote freelance jobs have grown more common. Digital nomads are trying to find how to increase income remotely to live more freely. Here are some areas where remote freelancing employment was rather widespread globally; Freelance writers provide everything from white papers and commercial social media substance to blog posts. Remotely employed freelancing graphic designers produce visual elements like branding, websites, and marketing collateral. Digital marketing freelancers assist companies with SEO, social media management, and paid advertising initiatives. Freelancer developers create websites, apps, and software solutions for companies. Translation & Localization: Bilingual freelancers translate materials for businesses needing content adaptation for several languages and cultures. Offering great flexibility and work-life balance, these remote freelance jobs let freelancers work from home—often from anywhere in the globe. Here are the most common remote jobs for digital nomads; Web & Graphic Design : Design and create visual and interactive elements for websites and digital media to enhance user experience and visual appeal. Software Development & IT : Develop and maintain software applications and provide technical support to ensure smooth operation of digital systems. Digital Marketing : Implement strategies to promote brands and products online through SEO, PPC, email campaigns, and other digital channels. Virtual Assistance : Offer remote administrative support, including scheduling, email management, and data entry, to help businesses operate efficiently. Online Education & Tutoring : Provide remote teaching or create educational content to facilitate learning and skill development for students and professionals. Customer Service & Support : Assist and resolve customer inquiries and issues through various communication channels to ensure a positive experience. Business & Project Management : Oversee and coordinate business projects and operations to achieve goals on time and within budget while providing strategic guidance. Data Analysis & Research : Analyze data to extract insights and conduct research to inform business decisions and understand market trends. Translation & Transcription : Convert written or spoken content between languages and transcribe audio or video recordings into written text. Ideal Countries for Digital Nomads For digital nomads, ideal countries often feature a combination of affordable living costs, good internet connectivity, and a welcoming environment. Countries like Thailand, particularly cities like Chiang Mai and Bangkok, offer a vibrant community, low cost of living, and excellent co-working spaces. Portugal, with its capital Lisbon and the city of Porto, provides a favorable climate, affordable living, and a growing digital nomad scene. Mexico, especially Playa del Carmen and Tulum, combines beautiful beaches with a reasonable cost of living and strong expat community support. Bali, Indonesia, is also popular for its affordable lifestyle, extensive coworking spaces, and thriving community of remote workers. These locations not only cater to the practical needs of digital nomads but also offer a high quality of life and opportunities for cultural immersion. How To Increase Your Chances To Find Remote Jobs As a Digital Nomad? Getting freelance writing jobs requires effort and strategy. Here’s how you can increase your chances: Optimize Your Portfolio : Make sure your portfolio reflects your best work and showcases your versatility. Tailor your samples to the type of clients you’re targeting. Refine Your Pitch : Customize each pitch you send out to potential clients. Focus on how your skills and experience align with their needs, and always include relevant writing samples. Leverage Testimonials : If you’ve done any previous writing work, ask your clients for testimonials. Positive feedback from satisfied clients can help you stand out in a crowded market. Keep Applying : Don’t get discouraged if you don’t land a job immediately. Persistence is the key. Keep applying to job listings, pitching to websites, and refining your skills. Get Benefit From Ruul Ruul is a perfect platform for digital nomads to control and manage their business from A to Z. Designed especially for digital nomads, Ruul provides several tools to simplify the process. Global Payment Processing : Enables freelancers to offer digital services to businesses across the globe. Cryptocurrency Payouts : Allows for payments in cryptocurrency with fast transactions and payouts processed within 24 hours for freelancers who struggle with how to be paid in crypto currencies. Merchant of Record : Serves as the legal entity responsible for managing service sales, ensuring compliance in 190 countries, and handling legal obligations. Payment Methods : Supports multiple payment options, including credit cards, and ensures funds are deposited into your chosen account within one business day. Invoicing : Streamlines international invoicing according to global standards and provides a payment link for clients to easily pay and receive invoices without needing to register. Creating an online receipt or invoice with Ruul is extremely easy and safe for freelancers. Invoices can be produced in English, depending on your multilingual support. Ruul also lets you produce repeating invoices for clients who make consistent payments. Ruul offers instruments for handling invoicing, payment collection, and efficient management of your company. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Eran Karaso Eran Karaso is a marketing and brand strategy leader with more than a decade of experience helping global tech companies connect with their audiences. He’s built brand narratives that stick, led successful go-to-market strategies, and worked hand-in-hand with cross-functional teams to ensure everyone is on the same page. More 6 Essential Tips to Boost Content Creators Creativity Discover 6 essential tips to boost creativity for content creators. Learn how to embrace new tools, collaborate with others, set goals, and recharge to stay inspired and productive. Read more What Are the Benefits of Accepting Crypto Payments as a Freelancer? As a freelancer, you need to learn about the benefits of accepting cryptocurrency payments. Learn how crypto can simplify your business. Read more 6 tips to become your own boss Before making the leap for your career, read our article to explore how to become your own boss and make money without working a 9-5 job. Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. Trustpilot Product Payment Requests Sell Services Sell Products Subscriptions Ruul Space Pricing For Businesses Resources Blog About Contact Support Referral Program Affiliate Program Partner Program Tools Invoice Generator NDA Generator Service Agreement Generator Freelancer Hourly Rate Calculator All Rights Reserved © 2025 Terms Of Use Privacy Policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML | HTML: HyperText Markup Language | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web HTML Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português (do Brasil) Русский 中文 (简体) 正體中文 (繁體) HTML: HyperText Markup Language HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the most basic building block of the Web. It defines the meaning and structure of web content. Other technologies besides HTML are generally used to describe a web page's appearance/presentation ( CSS ) or functionality/behavior ( JavaScript ). "Hypertext" refers to links that connect web pages to one another, either within a single website or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web. By uploading content to the Internet and linking it to pages created by other people, you become an active participant in the World Wide Web. HTML uses "markup" to annotate text, images, and other content for display in a Web browser. HTML markup includes special "elements" such as <head> , <title> , <body> , <header> , <footer> , <article> , <section> , <p> , <div> , <span> , <img> , <aside> , <audio> , <canvas> , <datalist> , <details> , <embed> , <nav> , <search> , <output> , <progress> , <video> , <ul> , <ol> , <li> and many others. An HTML element is set off from other text in a document by "tags", which consist of the element name surrounded by < and > . The name of an element inside a tag is case-insensitive. That is, it can be written in uppercase, lowercase, or a mixture. For example, the <title> tag can be written as <Title> , <TITLE> , or in any other way. However, the convention and recommended practice is to write tags in lowercase. The articles below can help you learn more about HTML. In this article Beginner's tutorials Guides How to Reference Related topics Beginner's tutorials Our learn web development core modules contain modern, up-to-date tutorials covering HTML fundamentals. Your first website: Creating the content This article provides a brief tour of what HTML is and how to use it, aimed at people who are completely new to web development. Structuring content with HTML This module covers the basics of the HTML language, before looking at key areas such as document structure, links, lists, images, forms, and more. HTML forms Forms are a very important part of the Web — these provide much of the functionality you need for interacting with websites, e.g., registering and logging in, sending feedback, buying products, and more. This module gets you started with creating the client-side/front-end parts of forms. Guides The HTML guides help you build with HTML on the web. They cover topics such as forms, CORS, content preloading, and responsive images. HTML cheatsheet for syntax and common tasks Quick reference for common HTML syntax and tasks. Using HTML comments <!-- … --> HTML comments are used to add explanatory notes to the markup or to prevent the browser from interpreting specific parts of the document. Using HTML form validation and the Constraint Validation API HTML5 introduced constraint validation to ease form validation on the client side. Basic constraints can be checked without JavaScript by setting attributes on form elements. Content categories HTML is comprised of several kinds of content, each of which is allowed to be used in certain contexts and is disallowed in others. Similarly, each context has a set of other content categories it can contain and elements that can or can't be used in them. This is a guide to these categories. Using date and time formats in HTML Certain HTML elements use date and/or time values. This guide describes the formats of the strings that specify these values. Using microdata in HTML Microdata is used to nest metadata within existing content on web pages. Search engines and web crawlers can extract and process microdata to provide a richer browsing experience. Using microformats in HTML Microformats are standards used to embed semantics and structured data in HTML for use by social web applications, search engines, aggregators, and other tools. Understanding quirks and standards modes Historical information on quirks mode and standards mode. Using responsive images in HTML Learn about responsive images that work well on devices with widely differing screen sizes, resolutions, and other features, improving performance across different devices. Media types and formats on the web The <audio> and <video> elements allow you to play audio and video media natively within your content without the need for external software support. How to Define terms with HTML HTML provides several ways to convey description semantics, whether inline or as structured glossaries. This article shows how to properly mark up keywords when defining them. Use data attributes HTML5 is designed with extensibility in mind for data that should be associated with a particular element but need not have any defined meaning. data-* attributes allow us to store extra information on standard, semantic HTML elements. Use cross-origin images in a canvas Some HTML elements that provide support for CORS , such as <img> or <video> , have a crossorigin attribute ( crossOrigin property), which lets you configure the CORS requests for the element's fetched data. Add a hitmap on top of an image Image maps allow hyperlinks to be associated with different parts of an image. This article shows how to create and implement them. Author fast-loading HTML pages These tips are based on common knowledge and experimentation. An optimized web page not only provides for a more responsive site for your visitors but also reduces the load on your web servers and internet connection. Add JavaScript to your web page This article explains how to add JavaScript code to an HTML file. Reference HTML consists of elements , each of which may be modified by some number of attributes . HTML documents are connected to each other with links . Browse the complete HTML reference documentation. HTML elements Reference for all HTML elements . HTML attributes Reference for all HTML attributes. Attributes are additional values that configure elements or adjust their behavior in various ways. Global attributes Reference for global attributes that may be specified on all HTML elements, even those not specified in the standard . This means that any non-standard elements must still permit these attributes, even though those elements make the document HTML5-noncompliant. Attributes by element Input types Used to create interactive controls for web-based forms. Script types Indicates the type of script represented by the element. meta name Provides metadata in name-value pairs for the whole page. Attribute values rel keywords Defines the relationship between a linked resource and the current document. Related topics Applying color to HTML elements using CSS This article covers most of the ways you use CSS to add color to HTML content, listing what parts of HTML documents can be colored and what CSS properties to use when doing so. Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Dec 22, 2025 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar HTML Guides Cheatsheet Comments Constraint validation Content categories Date and time formats Microdata Microformats Quirks and standards modes Responsive images How to Define terms with HTML Use data attributes Use cross-origin images Add a hitmap on top of an image Author fast-loading HTML pages Add JavaScript Reference Elements <a> <abbr> <acronym> Deprecated <address> <area> <article> <aside> <audio> <b> <base> <bdi> <bdo> <big> Deprecated <blockquote> <body> <br> <button> <canvas> <caption> <center> Deprecated <cite> <code> <col> <colgroup> <data> <datalist> <dd> <del> <details> <dfn> <dialog> <dir> Deprecated <div> <dl> <dt> <em> <embed> <fencedframe> Experimental <fieldset> <figcaption> <figure> <font> Deprecated <footer> <form> <frame> Deprecated <frameset> Deprecated <h1> <head> <header> <hgroup> <hr> <html> <i> <iframe> <img> <input> <ins> <kbd> <label> <legend> <li> <link> <main> <map> <mark> <marquee> Deprecated <menu> <meta> <meter> <nav> <nobr> Deprecated <noembed> Deprecated <noframes> Deprecated <noscript> <object> <ol> <optgroup> <option> <output> <p> <param> Deprecated <picture> <plaintext> Deprecated <pre> <progress> <q> <rb> Deprecated <rp> <rt> <rtc> Deprecated <ruby> <s> <samp> <script> <search> <section> <select> <selectedcontent> Experimental <slot> <small> <source> <span> <strike> Deprecated <strong> <style> <sub> <summary> <sup> <table> <tbody> <td> <template> <textarea> <tfoot> <th> <thead> <time> <title> <tr> <track> <tt> Deprecated <u> <ul> <var> <video> <wbr> <xmp> Deprecated Attributes accept autocomplete capture content crossorigin dirname disabled elementtiming fetchpriority for form max maxlength min minlength multiple pattern placeholder readonly rel required size step Global attributes accesskey anchor Experimental Non-standard autocapitalize autocorrect autofocus class contenteditable data-* dir draggable enterkeyhint exportparts hidden id inert inputmode is itemid itemprop itemref itemscope itemtype lang nonce part popover slot spellcheck style tabindex title translate virtualkeyboardpolicy Experimental writingsuggestions Attributes by element <input> type <input type="button"> <input type="checkbox"> <input type="color"> <input type="date"> <input type="datetime-local"> <input type="email"> <input type="file"> <input type="hidden"> <input type="image"> <input type="month"> <input type="number"> <input type="password"> <input type="radio"> <input type="range"> <input type="reset"> <input type="search"> <input type="submit"> <input type="tel"> <input type="text"> <input type="time"> <input type="url"> <input type="week"> <script> type importmap speculationrules Experimental <meta> name color-scheme referrer robots theme-color viewport <meta> http-equiv Attribute values rel keywords rel="alternate stylesheet" rel="compression-dictionary" Experimental rel="dns-prefetch" rel="manifest" rel="me" rel="modulepreload" rel="noopener" rel="noreferrer" rel="preconnect" rel="prefetch" rel="preload" rel="prerender" Non-standard Deprecated Your blueprint for a better internet. 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https://x.com/en/tos#int-chapter4 | X Terms of Service Skip to main content Terms of Service <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Terms of Service" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="RJPO" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link="https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/terms-of-service-2025-05-08/en/x-terms-of-service-2025-05-08.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> Terms of Service We have made some updates to our Terms of Service. This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. In consideration for our granting you access to and use of the Services, you agree that we and our third-party providers and partners may place advertising on the Services or in connection with the display of Content or information from the Services whether submitted by you or others. We also reserve the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as we reasonably believe is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request; (ii) enforce the Terms, including investigation of potential violations hereof; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; (iv) respond to user support requests; or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of X, its users and the public. We do not disclose personally-identifying information to third parties except in accordance with our Privacy Policy . Certain services or features may be offered on X for which additional terms and conditions may apply in connection with your use of those services. By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services ( https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms ). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites ), X Cards ( https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards ), Public API ( https://developer.x.com/docs ), or Sign in with X ( https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x ), you agree to our Developer Agreement ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement ) and Developer Policy ( https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy ). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms . Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. 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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5Mg8-wGk7E | Career advice: Working above the waterline - YouTube 정보 보도자료 저작권 문의하기 크리에이터 광고 개발자 약관 개인정보처리방침 정책 및 안전 YouTube 작동의 원리 새로운 기능 테스트하기 © 2026 Google LLC, Sundar Pichai, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View CA 94043, USA, 0807-882-594 (무료), yt-support-solutions-kr@google.com, 호스팅: Google LLC, 사업자정보 , 불법촬영물 신고 크리에이터들이 유튜브 상에 게시, 태그 또는 추천한 상품들은 판매자들의 약관에 따라 판매됩니다. 유튜브는 이러한 제품들을 판매하지 않으며, 그에 대한 책임을 지지 않습니다. var ytInitialData = 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https://dev.to/leena_malhotra/why-asking-for-better-outputs-misses-the-real-problem-29f9#the-context-switching-tax | Why Asking for Better Outputs Misses the Real Problem - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Leena Malhotra Posted on Jan 12 Why Asking for Better Outputs Misses the Real Problem # programming # ai # imagegen # nanobanana Yesterday, I spent four hours debugging why Ideogram V3 kept generating inconsistent architectural renders. The whitepaper promised "improved spatial coherence." My outputs looked like they were designed by committee. This isn't a model problem. It's a workflow problem. When Ideogram V3's Whitepaper Met Reality I was building a pipeline to generate interior design variations for an e-commerce platform. The whitepaper showed beautiful examples of architectural spaces with perfect lighting. Here's the prompt I used from their examples: "Modern minimalist living room, floor-to-ceiling windows, natural light, Scandinavian furniture, architectural photography" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode First three generations: perfect. Fourth one: furniture floating off the ground. Fifth: window placement changed. By the tenth iteration, I had seven different room layouts. Same seed, same parameters, same model version. The issue wasn't randomness—it was me treating each generation as independent. The whitepaper examples worked because they were single, carefully-constructed prompts. I was running iterative experiments without maintaining state. The fix: class PromptContext : def __init__ ( self , base_intent ): self . base_intent = base_intent self . style_locks = {} def generate_with_memory ( self , variation ): locked = " " . join ([ f " { k } : { v } " for k , v in self . style_locks . items ()]) return f " { self . base_intent } . { locked } . { variation } " context = PromptContext ( " Modern minimalist living room " ) context . style_locks [ " windows " ] = " floor-to-ceiling on north wall " context . style_locks [ " floor " ] = " light oak hardwood " Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Cost: 40% more tokens per request. Benefit: went from 60% usable outputs to 95%. The whitepaper shows capability, not workflow. When you can test the same prompt across multiple AI models , the dissonance between documentation and reality becomes measurable rather than frustrating. SD3.5 Medium's Averaging Problem I needed product packaging concepts that felt "premium but approachable" for a beverage brand. The brief: Japanese minimalism meets 1970s American optimism. First attempt: { " prompt " : " Premium beverage packaging, minimalist, warm nostalgic colors, sophisticated " , " cfg_scale " : 7.5 , " sampler " : " DPM++ 2M Karras " } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Result: generic wellness brand aesthetics. Technically perfect. Strategically useless. I ran 50 variations testing cfg_scale from 5.0 to 12.0: cfg_scale=5.0 → Lost brand identity cfg_scale=7.5 → Safe, averaged aesthetics cfg_scale=10.0 → Interesting tensions emerged cfg_scale=12.0 → Overcooked, but committed Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The fix: Stop describing the middle ground. Describe the extremes. prompt_a = " 1970s American optimism, warm oranges, rounded typography, sunburst graphics " prompt_b = " Japanese minimalism, white space, geometric precision " # Generate separately at cfg_scale=11.0 # Then synthesize specific elements Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode SD3.5 Medium optimizes for "nothing broken" with vague targets. Give it contradictory specifics and higher CFG, and you get interesting failures to work with. Three unusable images and one brilliant image beats ten mediocre ones. Trade-off: 3x generation time. But revision time savings made it worth it. When Nano Banana PRO New Silently Changed Three-month-old content pipeline. Generated weekly newsletter summaries. Worked fine. One Monday: every output was 40% shorter and weirdly formal. Before (v1.2): 480 tokens, conversational. After (v1.3): 310 tokens, corporate. Release notes: "improved efficiency and coherence." No mention of temperature rescaling. The diff script I now run: def model_regression_test ( old_model , new_model , test_prompts ): results = [] for prompt in test_prompts : old_response = generate ( old_model , prompt , temp = 0.7 ) new_response = generate ( new_model , prompt , temp = 0.7 ) diff = { " length_delta " : len ( new_response ) - len ( old_response ), " formality_delta " : analyze_formality ( new_response ) - analyze_formality ( old_response ) } if abs ( diff [ " length_delta " ]) > 100 : print ( f " WARNING: Length shift " ) results . append ( diff ) return results Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The actual issue: they changed temperature scaling. temp=0.7 in v1.3 behaved like temp=0.4 in v1.2. My fix: pin model versions in production, regression test before upgrading. # requirements.txt nano-banana-pro==1.2.8 # Regression test before upgrade Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode "Improved" means "different." Treat model updates like database migrations. Running parallel tests across Nano Banana PRO New and legacy versions reveals what release notes hide. The Context Switching Tax My workflow last month: Draft prompt in ChatGPT Test in Jupyter notebook Check results in Notion Discuss in Slack Update Google Doc Re-run notebook Forget step 1 decisions I was generating legal disclaimer variations. Each category needed specific regulatory language. I'd test in ChatGPT, worked great. Copy to notebook, different results. Thirty minutes debugging before realizing different model versions. The system I built: class ExperimentLog : def __init__ ( self ): self . conn = sqlite3 . connect ( " experiments.db " ) self . setup_db () def log ( self , model , prompt , params , output , success , notes = "" ): self . conn . execute ( """ INSERT INTO experiments (timestamp, model, prompt, parameters, output, success) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?) """ , ( datetime . now (). isoformat (), model , prompt , json . dumps ( params ), output [: 500 ], success )) def get_successful_prompts ( self , model ): return self . conn . execute ( """ SELECT prompt, parameters FROM experiments WHERE model = ? AND success = 1 ORDER BY timestamp DESC """ , ( model ,)). fetchall () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now I search "legal disclaimers last week" and get exact parameters, model version, output. No re-discovering. Context switching isn't just a productivity tax—it fragments intent into micro-decisions scattered across tools. The Long Document Problem 140-page RFP. Needed specific technical requirements. Cross-references, tables, nested appendices. Tried: upload to ChatGPT, ask questions. Me: "What are data retention requirements in Section 7?" ChatGPT: "The document mentions retention in multiple sections..." Me: "No, I need specific retention periods." ChatGPT: "Based on the document, periods vary by type..." Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Summaries of summaries. Never the actual spec. The workflow: def chunk_document ( pdf_path , chunk_size = 4000 ): reader = pypdf . PdfReader ( pdf_path ) chunks = [] for i , page in enumerate ( reader . pages ): text = page . extract_text () words = text . split () for start in range ( 0 , len ( words ), chunk_size - 200 ): chunks . append ({ " page " : i + 1 , " text " : " " . join ( words [ start : start + chunk_size ]) }) return chunks def extract_requirements ( pdf_path ): chunks = chunk_document ( pdf_path ) requirements = [] for chunk in chunks : prompt = f """ Extract technical requirements from: Page { chunk [ ' page ' ] } : { chunk [ ' text ' ] } Return JSON: {{ " requirements " : [{{ " type " : " retention " , " spec " : " 7 years " , " section " : " 7.3.2 " }}]}} """ result = call_llm_api ( prompt ) requirements . extend ( result . get ( " requirements " , [])) return requirements Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Output: [ { "type" : "retention" , "spec" : "7 years for financial records" , "section" : "7.3.2" , "page" : 45 }, { "type" : "retention" , "spec" : "3 years for operational logs" , "section" : "7.3.2" , "page" : 45 } ] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Trade-off: more processing time and API costs. But went from 3 hours frustrated questioning to 20 minutes automated extraction. Research papers that took hours to read now take minutes with a Document Summarizer . What I'd Do Differently Starting over, I'd version everything. Git for prompts, not just code. Build logging first—wasted weeks re-discovering experiments. Test edge cases, not happy paths. The whitepaper examples are optimized demos. Automate diffs and treat model updates like schema migrations. This is still evolving. If you've hit similar workflow issues, drop a comment. -Leena:) Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Leena Malhotra Follow Creator and strategist blending machine learning, business, and creativity. Harvard Business School ’06. Writing about AI, productivity, and building systems for a self-directed life. Location California, United states Education Harvard Business School Joined Jun 17, 2025 More from Leena Malhotra AI Explains Code Well Until the Moment Context Actually Matters # webdev # programming # ai Using AI in Production Code Without Creating Invisible Bugs # webdev # programming # ai Ship Faster, Break Less: My Rules for Using AI Safely in Codebases # webdev # programming # ai # coding 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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You are also encouraged to contact Angela Brown, Senior VP & General Manager of Events, at angela@linuxfoundation.org . Pre-Event Concerns If you are planning to attend an upcoming event, whether in-person or virtually and have concerns regarding another individual who may be present, please contact Emily Ruf, Event Manager, at eruf@linuxfoundation.org . Precautions will be taken to ensure your comfort and safety, including, but not limited to providing an escort, prepping onsite event staff, keeping victim and harasser from attending the same talks/social events and providing onsite contact cell phone numbers for immediate contact. Sponsors EVENT PARTNERS EVENT SUPPORTERS COMMUNITY PARTNERS Join our mailing list to hear all the latest about events, news and more By submitting this form, I consent to receive marketing emails from the LF and its projects regarding their events, training, research, developments, and related announcements. I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time using the links in the footers of the emails I receive. Privacy Policy . #APISpecs2022 About Diversity & Inclusion Code of Conduct Program Committee Schedule Contact Us Copyright © 2026 The Linux Foundation®. All rights reserved. The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our Trademark Usage page. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Bylaws | Antitrust Policy | Good Standing Policy . | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://events.linuxfoundation.org/openapi-asc/program/program-committee/ | Program Committee | LF Events Skip to content Attend About Diversity & Inclusion Code of Conduct Program Program Committee Schedule Contact Us View All Events Events All Upcoming Events Past Applications Events OpenAPI Initiative Website This event has passed. View the upcoming Applications Events. Program Committee thank you to our 2022 program committee! Taylor Barnett Staff Developer Advocate, PlanetScale Taylor Barnett is a Staff Developer Advocate at PlanetScale, a serverless MySQL database platform. She is passionate about building great developer experiences and tooling that supports developers’ needs. She has worked for various developer-focused companies, such as Keen IO, Stoplight, and Transposit, while focusing on APIs, integrations, SDKs, documentation, and more. Neal Caidin Program Manager, Linux Foundation He/Him Over 10 years in Open Source. PMP certified project manager. I love being part of collaborative communities, which is why I am in open source. I’ve also been a part of Improv groups in the past. And I’m currently a member of a developing (under construction) cohousing community, a type of intentional community which also requires skills in collaboration and communication. Frank Kilcommins API Technical Evangelist, SmartBear He/Him Frank Kilcommins, API Technical Evangelist at SmartBear, has over 15 years of experience in the technology industry, his roles spanning from software engineering to enterprise architecture. His mission is to inspire, engage with, and support the API community as well as SmartBear customers across the end-to-end API development lifecycle and management space. Prior to joining SmartBear, Frank’s most recent roles have been focused on API-led digital transformations and architecture modernization within multinational enterprises. Rabeb Othmani Senior Product Manager, Microsoft Rabeb is a software engineer and has been writing code for over a decade now. Currently, she works as a senior product manager with the Microsoft Graph team. Rabeb has a passion for building diverse and inclusive communities. Olga Podolyako Principal API Architect, Microsoft I started my career as an assistant professor at National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” at Moscow and then moved to other endeavors building complex systems in many different languages for companies like Ford, GM, and DTE. For the last 10 years I was focusing on the architecture professions working as a business, integration, and enterprise architect. As many companies embraced digital transformation, I achieved Azure Architecture certification and focused on cloud integration technologies. Currently I’m working as a Principal API architect at Microsoft responsible for Microsoft Graph API governance. Kristen Womack Principal Program Manager Lead, Microsoft She/Her Kristen leads the team building developer tools and documentation for Microsoft Graph. She has been working with APIs since 2008 and has built products and experiences at Fortune 500 companies, venture-backed scaling startups, and 0 to 1 greenfield projects. She was the head of Best Buy’s API and Developer Program, Director of Product at LeadPages, and previous founder of three companies. She serves as a Trustee on the St. Catherine University Board. 2022 reading goal: 26/75. Sponsors EVENT PARTNERS EVENT SUPPORTERS COMMUNITY PARTNERS Join our mailing list to hear all the latest about events, news and more By submitting this form, I consent to receive marketing emails from the LF and its projects regarding their events, training, research, developments, and related announcements. I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time using the links in the footers of the emails I receive. Privacy Policy . #APISpecs2022 About Diversity & Inclusion Code of Conduct Program Committee Schedule Contact Us Copyright © 2026 The Linux Foundation®. All rights reserved. The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our Trademark Usage page. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Bylaws | Antitrust Policy | Good Standing Policy . | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://ruul.io/blog/holiday-season-is-here-so-is-our-2019-digest | Holiday season is here, so is our 2019 digest - Ruul Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up No items found. Holiday season is here, so is our 2019 digest Ruul has experienced significant growth and success, expanding its network to 30 countries and achieving high customer satisfaction. Esen Bulut 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points It’s that time of the year: THE HOLIDAY SEASON IS HERE! ?After our feature in Product Hunt , we’ve seen a dramatic increase in our network, reaching 30 countries and 7-figure transaction volume, making more than 25.000 freelancers free from the burden of starting a company just to get paid or issue invoices and helping over 2.000 companies to manage their freelancer and contractor payments more easily and effectively.Our customer success champions were also honored to get 9.2 CSAT score, which really reflects their passion to help freelancers and companies wherever they may be and what language they may be speaking.Wherever you may be, dear Ruuler , we will be increasing the quality of our service, adding new features and tools for you to have a very happy, very lucrative and productive 2020!One more thing before we sign off and you head back to work: We’d like to hear what your wishes as features for Ruul might be in 2020. To participate, just follow the link here .Keep Rockin! ?Yours Truly, Ruul Team ABOUT THE AUTHOR Esen Bulut Esen Bulut is the co-founder of Ruul. After graduating Boston College with finance and economics degrees, she began her career as a Finance Executive. Prior to Ruul, she held managerial positions in finance and marketing. Esen's entrepreneurship success earned her recognition in Fortune's 40 under 40 list in 2022. More The 5 Best Cities for Digital Nomads in Spain Discover the 5 best cities in Spain for digital nomads, offering vibrant cultures, affordable living, and modern coworking spaces. Explore Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia, Malaga, and Seville for the ultimate work-life balance. Read more Best Cities for Freelancers and Self-Employed People Discover the top 10 best cities for digital nomads and freelancers to live and work remotely. Learn about the most critical metrics you should consider when choosing a city to work in. Read more How Does Fiverr Seller Plus Work? How Can Freelancers Use it? What is Fiverr Seller Plus and how can it strengthen your freelance career? Click to learn about the opportunities offered by the subscription system. Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. Trustpilot Product Payment Requests Sell Services Sell Products Subscriptions Ruul Space Pricing For Businesses Resources Blog About Contact Support Referral Program Affiliate Program Partner Program Tools Invoice Generator NDA Generator Service Agreement Generator Freelancer Hourly Rate Calculator All Rights Reserved © 2025 Terms Of Use Privacy Policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://x.com/en/tos#chapter3 | X Terms of Service Skip to main content Terms of Service <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Terms of Service" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="RJPO" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link="https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/terms-of-service-2025-05-08/en/x-terms-of-service-2025-05-08.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> Terms of Service We have made some updates to our Terms of Service. This version of the Terms of Service will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Terms of Service continue to apply. Summary of our Terms These Terms of Service (“Terms”) are part of the User Agreement – a legally binding contract governing your relationship with X. You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services. Depending on your country of residence, we may not be liable for certain types of damages as described in the agreement, and in any event, our aggregate liability shall not exceed the greater of $100 USD or the amount you paid us, if any, in the past six months for the Services giving rise to the claim. Further, if you believe that your Content has been displayed on the Services in an unauthorized manner that constitutes copyright infringement, the reporting process is detailed in these Terms. If you are a recipient of the X Service in the United Kingdom, you may challenge enforcement actions (such as Content removal or account suspension) that breach these Terms by filing a complaint through our internal complaints process or by bringing a claim in a competent court, as provided under the Online Safety Act 2023. You can find details on how to file a complaint here . If you are a recipient of the X Service in the European Union, you may challenge certain decisions we make under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) via our internal process or via out-of-court dispute settlement as described here . Please also note that these Terms incorporate our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) as well as other terms applicable to your use of the Services and your Content. Finally, these Terms may vary depending on where you live, but in any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use X. If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the X User Agreement comprises these Terms of Service , our Privacy Policy , our Rules and Policies , and all incorporated policies. X Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States These Terms of Service (“Terms”) govern your relationship with us and your and other users’ access to and use of, and anything otherwise relating to, our or our corporate affilitates’ services, including our various websites, SMS, APIs, email notifications, applications, buttons, widgets, ads, commerce services, and our other covered services ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-services-and-corporate-affiliates ) that link to these Terms (collectively, the “Services”), and any information, text, links, graphics, photos, audio, videos, or other materials or arrangements of materials uploaded, downloaded or appearing on the Services (collectively referred to as “Content”). By using the Services you agree to be bound by these Terms. These Terms are an agreement between you and X Corp., which provides X and the Services, with its registered office at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602 U.S.A. The words “we,” “us,” and “our” mean X Corp. 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services 2. Privacy 3. Content on the Services 4. Using the Services 5. Disclaimers and Limitations of Liability 6. General 1. Who May Use the Services You may use the Services only if you agree to form a binding contract with us and are not a person barred from receiving services under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. In any case, you must be at least 13 years old to use the Services. If you are (i) accepting these Terms and/or using the Services, which constitutes acceptance of these Terms, or (ii) accepting these Terms in order to authorize the use of the Services on behalf of a minor (being any person under the age of majority in any given country), company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so or, as the case may be, have the authority to bind such minor and/or entity to these Terms. The words “you” and “your” as used in these Terms shall refer either to the person accepting these Terms or such minor (as defined in (i)) and/or the entity referenced in (ii), as applicable. 2. Privacy Our Privacy Policy ( https://x.com/privacy ) describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. You understand that through your use of the Services you consent to the collection and use (as set forth in the Privacy Policy) of this information, including the transfer of this information to the United States, Ireland, and/or other countries for storage, processing and use by us and our affiliates. 3. Content on the Services You are responsible for your use of the Services and for any Content, including anything referenced therein, you provide, create, post, or otherwise utilize, including any inputs, prompts, outputs, and/or information obtained or created through the Services. It is your responsibility to comply with all applicable laws, rules, policies, and regulations that are applicable to you or your Content, including on a third party’s or our affiliates’ services. You should only provide, create, or generate Content that you are comfortable sharing with others. Any use or reliance on any Content or materials posted via the Services or obtained by you through the Services is at your own risk. We do not endorse, support, represent or guarantee the completeness, truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any Content or communications posted or otherwise obtained via the Services or endorse any alleged facts or opinions expressed via the Services. You understand that by using the Services, you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. All Content, including anything referenced therein, is the sole responsibility of the person who posted, generated, inputted, or created such Content. We may not monitor or control the Content posted, generated, inputted, or created via the Services, and we cannot take responsibility for such Content. We reserve the right to remove Content that violates the User Agreement, including for example, copyright or trademark violations or other intellectual property misappropriation, impersonation, unlawful conduct, or harassment. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, impose obligations on us to enforce against categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe, such as bullying and humiliating content, content that promotes or encourages feeding or eating disorders, as well as content that encourages or makes available knowledge of methods of self-harm and suicide. As a result, your Content may be subject to restrictions as required by these jurisdictions. Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center ( https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies , https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations , and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts ). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form ( https://help.x.com/forms/ipi ) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media. You represent and warrant that you have, or have obtained, all rights, licenses, consents, permissions, power and/or authority necessary to grant the rights granted herein for any Content that you input, submit, create, post, generate, or display on or through the Services. You agree and warrant that such Content does not contain material subject to copyright or other proprietary rights, unless you have obtained the necessary permissions or are otherwise legally entitled to post or otherwise use the material and to grant us the license described above. 4. Using the Services Please review our Rules and Policies , which are part of the User Agreement and outline conduct that is prohibited on the Services, as well as categories of content deemed by law to be harmful or unsafe in certain jurisdictions. You may use the Services only in compliance with these Terms and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. X takes enforcement actions when Content or user behavior is in violation of our Rules and Policies or in relation to sensitive media. You can review X’s enforcement options and how you can appeal our enforcement decision here . The Services evolve constantly. As such, the Services may change from time to time, at our discretion. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services or any features within the Services to you or to users generally. We also retain the right to create limits on use and storage at our sole discretion at any time. We may also remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users, and reclaim usernames without liability to you. 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https://dev.to/leena_malhotra/why-asking-for-better-outputs-misses-the-real-problem-29f9#when-nano-banana-pro-new-silently-changed | Why Asking for Better Outputs Misses the Real Problem - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Leena Malhotra Posted on Jan 12 Why Asking for Better Outputs Misses the Real Problem # programming # ai # imagegen # nanobanana Yesterday, I spent four hours debugging why Ideogram V3 kept generating inconsistent architectural renders. The whitepaper promised "improved spatial coherence." My outputs looked like they were designed by committee. This isn't a model problem. It's a workflow problem. When Ideogram V3's Whitepaper Met Reality I was building a pipeline to generate interior design variations for an e-commerce platform. The whitepaper showed beautiful examples of architectural spaces with perfect lighting. Here's the prompt I used from their examples: "Modern minimalist living room, floor-to-ceiling windows, natural light, Scandinavian furniture, architectural photography" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode First three generations: perfect. Fourth one: furniture floating off the ground. Fifth: window placement changed. By the tenth iteration, I had seven different room layouts. Same seed, same parameters, same model version. The issue wasn't randomness—it was me treating each generation as independent. The whitepaper examples worked because they were single, carefully-constructed prompts. I was running iterative experiments without maintaining state. The fix: class PromptContext : def __init__ ( self , base_intent ): self . base_intent = base_intent self . style_locks = {} def generate_with_memory ( self , variation ): locked = " " . join ([ f " { k } : { v } " for k , v in self . style_locks . items ()]) return f " { self . base_intent } . { locked } . { variation } " context = PromptContext ( " Modern minimalist living room " ) context . style_locks [ " windows " ] = " floor-to-ceiling on north wall " context . style_locks [ " floor " ] = " light oak hardwood " Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Cost: 40% more tokens per request. Benefit: went from 60% usable outputs to 95%. The whitepaper shows capability, not workflow. When you can test the same prompt across multiple AI models , the dissonance between documentation and reality becomes measurable rather than frustrating. SD3.5 Medium's Averaging Problem I needed product packaging concepts that felt "premium but approachable" for a beverage brand. The brief: Japanese minimalism meets 1970s American optimism. First attempt: { " prompt " : " Premium beverage packaging, minimalist, warm nostalgic colors, sophisticated " , " cfg_scale " : 7.5 , " sampler " : " DPM++ 2M Karras " } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Result: generic wellness brand aesthetics. Technically perfect. Strategically useless. I ran 50 variations testing cfg_scale from 5.0 to 12.0: cfg_scale=5.0 → Lost brand identity cfg_scale=7.5 → Safe, averaged aesthetics cfg_scale=10.0 → Interesting tensions emerged cfg_scale=12.0 → Overcooked, but committed Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The fix: Stop describing the middle ground. Describe the extremes. prompt_a = " 1970s American optimism, warm oranges, rounded typography, sunburst graphics " prompt_b = " Japanese minimalism, white space, geometric precision " # Generate separately at cfg_scale=11.0 # Then synthesize specific elements Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode SD3.5 Medium optimizes for "nothing broken" with vague targets. Give it contradictory specifics and higher CFG, and you get interesting failures to work with. Three unusable images and one brilliant image beats ten mediocre ones. Trade-off: 3x generation time. But revision time savings made it worth it. When Nano Banana PRO New Silently Changed Three-month-old content pipeline. Generated weekly newsletter summaries. Worked fine. One Monday: every output was 40% shorter and weirdly formal. Before (v1.2): 480 tokens, conversational. After (v1.3): 310 tokens, corporate. Release notes: "improved efficiency and coherence." No mention of temperature rescaling. The diff script I now run: def model_regression_test ( old_model , new_model , test_prompts ): results = [] for prompt in test_prompts : old_response = generate ( old_model , prompt , temp = 0.7 ) new_response = generate ( new_model , prompt , temp = 0.7 ) diff = { " length_delta " : len ( new_response ) - len ( old_response ), " formality_delta " : analyze_formality ( new_response ) - analyze_formality ( old_response ) } if abs ( diff [ " length_delta " ]) > 100 : print ( f " WARNING: Length shift " ) results . append ( diff ) return results Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The actual issue: they changed temperature scaling. temp=0.7 in v1.3 behaved like temp=0.4 in v1.2. My fix: pin model versions in production, regression test before upgrading. # requirements.txt nano-banana-pro==1.2.8 # Regression test before upgrade Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode "Improved" means "different." Treat model updates like database migrations. Running parallel tests across Nano Banana PRO New and legacy versions reveals what release notes hide. The Context Switching Tax My workflow last month: Draft prompt in ChatGPT Test in Jupyter notebook Check results in Notion Discuss in Slack Update Google Doc Re-run notebook Forget step 1 decisions I was generating legal disclaimer variations. Each category needed specific regulatory language. I'd test in ChatGPT, worked great. Copy to notebook, different results. Thirty minutes debugging before realizing different model versions. The system I built: class ExperimentLog : def __init__ ( self ): self . conn = sqlite3 . connect ( " experiments.db " ) self . setup_db () def log ( self , model , prompt , params , output , success , notes = "" ): self . conn . execute ( """ INSERT INTO experiments (timestamp, model, prompt, parameters, output, success) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?) """ , ( datetime . now (). isoformat (), model , prompt , json . dumps ( params ), output [: 500 ], success )) def get_successful_prompts ( self , model ): return self . conn . execute ( """ SELECT prompt, parameters FROM experiments WHERE model = ? AND success = 1 ORDER BY timestamp DESC """ , ( model ,)). fetchall () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now I search "legal disclaimers last week" and get exact parameters, model version, output. No re-discovering. Context switching isn't just a productivity tax—it fragments intent into micro-decisions scattered across tools. The Long Document Problem 140-page RFP. Needed specific technical requirements. Cross-references, tables, nested appendices. Tried: upload to ChatGPT, ask questions. Me: "What are data retention requirements in Section 7?" ChatGPT: "The document mentions retention in multiple sections..." Me: "No, I need specific retention periods." ChatGPT: "Based on the document, periods vary by type..." Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Summaries of summaries. Never the actual spec. The workflow: def chunk_document ( pdf_path , chunk_size = 4000 ): reader = pypdf . PdfReader ( pdf_path ) chunks = [] for i , page in enumerate ( reader . pages ): text = page . extract_text () words = text . split () for start in range ( 0 , len ( words ), chunk_size - 200 ): chunks . append ({ " page " : i + 1 , " text " : " " . join ( words [ start : start + chunk_size ]) }) return chunks def extract_requirements ( pdf_path ): chunks = chunk_document ( pdf_path ) requirements = [] for chunk in chunks : prompt = f """ Extract technical requirements from: Page { chunk [ ' page ' ] } : { chunk [ ' text ' ] } Return JSON: {{ " requirements " : [{{ " type " : " retention " , " spec " : " 7 years " , " section " : " 7.3.2 " }}]}} """ result = call_llm_api ( prompt ) requirements . extend ( result . get ( " requirements " , [])) return requirements Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Output: [ { "type" : "retention" , "spec" : "7 years for financial records" , "section" : "7.3.2" , "page" : 45 }, { "type" : "retention" , "spec" : "3 years for operational logs" , "section" : "7.3.2" , "page" : 45 } ] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Trade-off: more processing time and API costs. But went from 3 hours frustrated questioning to 20 minutes automated extraction. Research papers that took hours to read now take minutes with a Document Summarizer . What I'd Do Differently Starting over, I'd version everything. Git for prompts, not just code. Build logging first—wasted weeks re-discovering experiments. Test edge cases, not happy paths. The whitepaper examples are optimized demos. Automate diffs and treat model updates like schema migrations. This is still evolving. If you've hit similar workflow issues, drop a comment. -Leena:) Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Leena Malhotra Follow Creator and strategist blending machine learning, business, and creativity. Harvard Business School ’06. Writing about AI, productivity, and building systems for a self-directed life. Location California, United states Education Harvard Business School Joined Jun 17, 2025 More from Leena Malhotra AI Explains Code Well Until the Moment Context Actually Matters # webdev # programming # ai Using AI in Production Code Without Creating Invisible Bugs # webdev # programming # ai Ship Faster, Break Less: My Rules for Using AI Safely in Codebases # webdev # programming # ai # coding 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/developer/service-tokens | Service Token - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection Developer Resources Overview Updates and Versioning Versioning and Support Policy SDK Changelog Authentication API Keys and Secrets Service Token Best Practices for Key & Token Management MCP Overview BETA Quickstart Tool List Building with LLMs Security Security SDKs and APIs SDKs Management API REST API Postman Collection Features Validate Trigger Payload Type Safety Testing Testing the Template Test Mode Monitoring and Logging Logs Data Out Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation Authentication Service Token Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Authentication Service Token OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Learn how to authenticate Management API requests using Service Tokens in SuprSend. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT SuprSend Management APIs (used to manage assets like workflows, templates, schemas, etc.) use Service Token authentication instead of the regular API Key authentication. Service Tokens are created at the account level , not per workspace. They are designed for cross-workspace operations , such as promoting assets from Staging → Production . Unlike API Keys, Service Tokens are not tied to notification delivery , but strictly to management operations . Generating a Service Token Navigate to SuprSend Dashboard → Account Settings → Service Tokens Click Generate a new Token . Provide a descriptive name (e.g., staging-to-prod-promotion ). Click Create and View . Copy and store the token securely — it is shown only once at generation. Service Tokens give access to all workspaces in your account. Store them in environment variables or a secure vault and never commit them to source control. Using Service Tokens in Management APIs To authenticate a Management API request, include the Service Token in the Authorization header using the ServiceToken scheme: Copy Ask AI Authorization : ServiceToken <SERVICE_TOKEN> Content-Type : application/json Example (cURL): Copy Ask AI -X POST "https://management-api.suprsend.com/management/workflows/import" \ -H "Authorization: ServiceToken <SERVICE_TOKEN>" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{"workflow_id": "order-confirmation", "source": "staging", "destination": "production"}' Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Best Practices for Key & Token Management How to securely manage Workspace Keys, Secrets, API Keys, and Service Tokens in your application and backend code. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Generating a Service Token Using Service Tokens in Management APIs Example (cURL): | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://futureforum.com/2021/03/11/dismantling-the-office-moving-from-retrofit-to-redesign/ | A new era of workplace inclusion: moving from retrofit to redesign - Future Forum Skip to main content Open navigation Close navigation Blog Research Executive Insights How the Future Works About Contact search search Blog Research Executive Insights How the Future Works About Contact search search Research and Data A new era of workplace inclusion: moving from retrofit to redesign Posted March 11, 2021 by Sheela Subramanian Reading time 7 min This blog was co-written by Sheela Subramanian, Senior Director, Future Forum by Slack, and Tina Gilbert , Managing Director, Management Leadership for Tomorrow (MLT). MLT has joined the Future Forum as a founding partner. For more information, please read this blogpost about the partnership . The workplace is a key front line in the battle against systemic racism and economic inequality. We’re woefully far from achieving a truly equitable workplace, where everyone has the same access to the support and resources needed to thrive and where broader society is reflected throughout our organizations. Broad gaps in retention and advancement only widen and intensify with so-called knowledge workers and extend all the way up to the C-suite. Black people are chronically underrepresented in knowledge worker jobs, which have proved to be among the most resilient jobs throughout the current pandemic. Despite making up 13.4% of the general population , just 8% of managers are Black , only 5.3% of people working in the tech industry are Black , and there are only four Black CEOs in the Fortune 500 . Overall, Black unemployment (9.2%) far exceeds that of white unemployment (5.7%). Fewer than 1 in 5 Black employees are able to work from home. And 2 out of 5 Black small-business owners have gone out of business during the pandemic, twice the rate of white businesses. These numbers paint a bleak picture. Historically, many companies have tried to retrofit principles of diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) onto their existing processes, policies and norms. The pandemic and the protests following the extrajudicial killings of Black Americans last summer caused many executives to rethink and redesign working models, often radically. But retrofitting is not enough. True equality depends on a wholesale redesign of the workplace. The disruption and trauma of the past year have created a once-in-a-generation opportunity to redesign working models from the ground up—with principles of diversity, equity and inclusion placed at the center from the start. Such redesigned models can greatly improve the working experience of employees and communities that are disproportionately experiencing the negative effects of the pandemic. These are lofty design aspirations that won’t be achieved overnight, but leaders have the opportunity to step up, seize this moment, and deliver lasting change by dismantling the anachronistic norms of work and redesigning flexible, diverse, equitable and inclusive work environments. Knowledge workers: Network gap and lack of belonging Black individuals seeking to build careers as knowledge workers face a variety of challenges, including a persistent “network gap.” Low Black representation in industries such as technology means there are very few sponsors, mentors and peers opening the door to opportunity. A recent McKinsey study found that more than 67% of Black employees report they do not have a sponsor at their organization, even though 87% of companies report having a sponsorship program in place. This network gap is often compounded and exacerbated by a working model that reinforces the norms of a white-male-dominated culture. Black knowledge workers are consistently asked to adapt to this working environment and frequently reminded of their outsider status in both subtle (e.g., microaggressions) and not-so-subtle (e.g., overt discrimination) ways. As Stanford professor Brian Lowery explains, office-centric work perpetuates that outsider status: “Black employees experience stress associated with working in a predominantly white workplace, which contributes to a lower sense of belonging. Importantly, it might not be work activities per se driving these effects, but all of the big and small social interactions that make up much of our work days. Research suggests that among Black people, the experience of discrimination is one of the few negative experiences that actually increases with education. One explanation is that as education increases interactions in predominantly white social spaces also increases.” Data from the Future Forum shows the persistent challenges that Black knowledge workers face relative to their white colleagues. For example: Only 53% of Black knowledge workers agree that they are “treated fairly at work” (vs. 74% of white knowledge workers). Black knowledge workers rank “making sure [their] employer knows [they] are working” as their second-most-pressing challenge (for white employees, it’s far down the list, ranking at number 8). About half (54%) of Black employees rate their sense of belonging at work “good or very good,” compared with 70% of white employees. Retrofit: Move beyond incremental change Incremental change will never be enough to change the trajectory of Black opportunity. As Ella Washington, a faculty member at Georgetown’s McDonough School of Business and the founder of Ellavate Solutions , puts it: “The pandemic has served as a reminder that true change can only come by actively challenging the status quo. For too long, leaders have dismissed systemic inequality because it wasn’t directly in front of them. Particularly in the tech world, it’s been easy to say, “I don’t have any Black people on my team, so I’m not focused on this; it’s an HR problem.” That’s not good enough. True leaders don’t think of what their sphere of influence is; they think about what it could be.” True change requires profound structural changes to the way we work. Despite all of the horrors visited by the pandemic—and the undeniable fact that it has disproportionately punished the Black community—it could well prove to be the catalyst for effecting lasting change. The pandemic has demonstrated that office-centric work no longer needs to be the default for knowledge workers, and that flexible and hybrid working models can be designed to increase diversity, equity and inclusion. The Future Forum’s Remote Employee Experience Index —which measures satisfaction with remote work compared with the office—shows that the vast majority of knowledge workers from across the world don’t want to go back to an office-centric model: 63% favor the flexibility of a hybrid remote-office model, while 20% want to work remotely full-time, and 17% want to return to full-time office work. The small minority of Black people who are employed as knowledge workers are even more likely to reject the office-centric model. Of those currently working remotely, 97% want a hybrid or full-time remote working model (compared with 79% of white knowledge workers in the U.S.). Only 3% of Black knowledge workers want to return to full-time co-located work (vs. 21% of white knowledge workers in the U.S.). These numbers can be explained, in part, by the fact that flexible work has reduced the need for “code switching” among Black knowledge workers, reduced certain instances of microagressions and discrimination, and improved Black employees’ ability to “bounce back” from incidents. Hybrid and flexible working arrangements create the setting for these more positive working environments to exist and for an employee’s sense of belonging to increase. Workplace changes alone won’t solve all of the equity issues in our processes and systems. Our research shows, however, that for Black knowledge workers it can significantly improve satisfaction as compared with their white colleagues: Double the increase in sense of belonging at work A 64% boost in ability to manage stress A 25% improvement in work-life balance Relative satisfaction with remote work vs. office work: Redesign: Embrace flexible work and inclusive cultures As we look to the post-pandemic workplace, leaders have an opportunity to redesign their processes, policies and norms with the central principles of diversity, equity and inclusion, including making flexible work core to your working model. All executives should use this unique moment in time to commit to three things: Take accountability for delivering fundamental change: This isn’t about simply giving Black employees the ability to work from home, while white executives return to old habits. This is about fundamentally changing your own ways of working and holding people accountable for driving inclusivity in your workplace, including how and where you hire, when and how you show support, the values of your organization, what types of behaviors you celebrate, and the lasting culture you aim to build. It’s the responsibility of leaders to look around the table, identify who is not there, and fix it. Center diversity, equity and inclusion in your new working model: Leaders have an unprecedented opportunity to redefine how work gets done, how their organization operates, and the norms and culture of their organization. By centering the principles of diversity, equity and inclusion in this process , leaders can ensure that their organization will be a place where everyone can do their best work, build meaningful careers, and feel the genuine confidence that they belong. Embrace flexible work: Flexible work eliminates the physical headquarters as the focal point of a company, and instead leverages technology to give employees control over when and where they work and how they engage and respond. While flexible work alone is not a panacea, it is an essential starting point for moving away from many of the structural inequities that pervade the U.S. workplace. At this unique moment in history, the challenges facing Black employees are tremendous, while the opportunity to deliver lasting change is clearer than ever. It’s up to leaders to take the decisive action required to seize this opportunity to deliver positive change, to emerge from the pandemic crisis with a more inclusive way of working, and to use the workplace as a tool to continue the battle against economic inequality. You may also like Announcement Mar 11, 2021 Management Leadership for Tomorrow (MLT) joins the Future Forum consortium Read More Announcement Mar 11, 2021 Written by Helen Kupp Playbook Jun 15, 2021 Moving from retrofit to redesign on diversity, equity and inclusion: a how-to guide for leaders Read More Playbook Jun 15, 2021 Written by Sheela Subramanian Announcement Feb 15, 2023 Want to boost productivity, decrease turnover, and improve organizational culture? Offer your employees more flexibility Read More Announcement Feb 15, 2023 Written by the Future Forum team © Copyright 2026 Slack Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. Various trademarks held by their respective owners. Your Privacy Choices Privacy Policy Cookie Policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/react-sdk#integration | SDK Integration - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection Developer Resources Overview Updates and Versioning Versioning and Support Policy SDK Changelog Authentication API Keys and Secrets Service Token Best Practices for Key & Token Management MCP Overview BETA Quickstart Tool List Building with LLMs Security Security SDKs and APIs SDKs SDK Overview SuprSend Backend SDK SuprSend Client SDK Authentication Javascript Android iOS React Native Flutter React SDK Integration WebPush Preferences Events and User methods InApp Feed Management API REST API Postman Collection Features Validate Trigger Payload Type Safety Testing Testing the Template Test Mode Monitoring and Logging Logs Data Out Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation React SDK Integration Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog React SDK Integration OpenAI Open in ChatGPT SDK Integration to enable SuprSend features like Inbox, Preferences, and Webpush into React-based web applications. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Installation We support 2 SDK’s for react based applications. @suprsend/react-core : This provides context providers and hooks to integrate SuprSend in to your application. If you want to use web-push, user methods, track events or implement your own UI for preferences and inbox by using provided methods, this library is better option. If you want to use any of inbuilt components for inbox or preferences then use @suprsend/react . @suprsend/react : This library is built on top of @suprsend/react-core , so all hooks, context providers and methods that are present in @suprsend/react-core library are also present in this, with addition to that drop-in components like Inbox, NotificationsFeed, Preferences etc are available which comes with UI to ease integration. npm yarn Copy Ask AI npm install @ suprsend / react Integration SuprSendProvider This context provider need to be wrapper around your component in which you want to use SuprSend methods. This is responsible for creating client instance( new SuprSend() ), identify and reset user. You can access the SuprSend client instance using useSuprSendClient hook. This instance contains all methods needed to integrate preferences, webpush, track events and user methods. Example.js TypeDef Copy Ask AI import { SuprSendProvider } from '@suprsend/react' ; function Example () { return ( < SuprSendProvider publicApiKey = { YOUR_KEY } distinctId = { YOUR_DISTINCT_ID } > < MyComponent /> </ SuprSendProvider > ); } Parameter Description publicApiKey public API Key is mandatory field without which error will be thrown by SuprSendProvider. You can get this from SuprSend Dashboard . distinctId Unique identifier to identify a user across platform. If a value is passed SDK will create user and authenticate user. If null value is passed authenticated user’s instance data will be cleared in your application, kind of logout. userToken Mandatory when enhanced security mode is on. This is ES256 JWT token generated in your server-side. Refer docs to create userToken. refreshUserToken This function is called by SDK internally to get new userToken before existing token is expired. The returned JWT token string is used as the new userToken. userAuthenticationHandler This callback will be called after authenticating user internally when you pass distinctId field to give you back the response of user creation API call. host Customise the host url. vapidKey This key is needed only if you are implementing WebPush notifications. You can get it in SuprSend Dashboard —> Vendors —> WebPush swFileName This key is needed only if you are implementing WebPush notifications and want to customise default serviceworker.js file name with your own service worker file name. After implementing the above SuprSendProvider you can be able to use all SuprSend features. useSuprSendClient This hook is used to access internal SuprSend client instance which has all methods related to webpush, preferences, user methods and track event. Use this hook inside child of SuprSendProvider. Example.js Copy Ask AI import { SuprSendProvider , useSuprSendClient } from "@suprsend/react" function Example () { return ( < SuprSendProvider publicApiKey = { YOUR_KEY } distinctId = { YOUR_DISTINCT_ID } > < MyComponent /> </ SuprSendProvider > ); } function MyComponent () { const suprSendClient = useSuprSendClient (); return ( < p onClick = { () => { // suprSendClient.track('testing'); // suprSendClient.user.setEmail(' [email protected] ') // suprSendClient.webpush.registerPush() // suprSendClient.user.preferences.getPreferences() } } > Click Me </ p > ); } useAuthenticateUser This hook is used to get authenticated user anywhere in your application inside SuprSendProvider. This can also be used to check if user is authenticated before calling any method of SuprSend. Example.js Copy Ask AI import { useAuthenticateUser } from '@suprsend/react' ; function MyComponent () { const { authenticatedUser } = useAuthenticateUser (); useEffect (() => { if ( authenticatedUser ) { console . log ( 'User is authenticated' , authenticatedUser ); } }, [ authenticatedUser ]); return < p > Hello world </ p > ; } Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous WebPush Integration steps of webpush in react application. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Installation Integration SuprSendProvider useSuprSendClient useAuthenticateUser | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://docs.akita.software/docs/install-akita-client?ref=apisyouwonthate.com | Capture Traffic with the Akita Client Jump to Content Docs Recipes API Reference Changelog FAQs Status Slack Help Center Login Docs Status Slack Help Center Login Docs Recipes API Reference Changelog FAQs Capture Traffic with the Akita Client About Akita Welcome! 👋 How Akita Works Supported Tech Stacks Talk to Us Akita Beta Get started Docker and Container Platforms Docker Run Docker Compose AWS ECS & AWS Fargate AWS Elastic Beanstalk Azure Web Apps Google Cloud Run Fly.io Docker Host Network AWS ECS Host Network Other Docker-Based Platform Internal Network Akita Credentials in a Volume [Beta] Docker Desktop Extension Kubernetes AWS EKS Sidecars for Single-Service Kubernetes Kubernetes Host Networking Kubernetes with Istio/Envoy AWS EC2 Linux (bare metal or local) macOS (local) NGINX Plugin Chrome Extension: OpenAPI Spec Generator System Requirements Troubleshooting Understand Your API View and Share API Models Explore Your Endpoints Plug-and-Play Metrics & Errors [Alpha] Ask Aki Monitors and Alerts Slack App Customization and Troubleshooting Customize API Models Customize Endpoints Send Less Traffic to Akita Customize Health Check Filtering Customize Host Mapping Customize Kubernetes Host Networking Reference Data Formats Akita Agent Reference apidump get kube secret kube inject More Ways to Run the Akita Agent DIY Akita Agent Integration Django on Heroku Express.js Choosing an output format Share API Models Managing Teams More about Akita Data Access & Handling Policy Terms of Service Privacy Policy Powered by Capture Traffic with the Akita Client Suggest Edits ❗️ Deprecated page This page is deprecated. We provide no guarantees that these instructions are up to date with the latest version of Akita. Please visit this page instead for getting started instructions. The Akita Client observes network traffic to your APIs and sends metadata to the Akita Cloud. Metadata describes the request, response, and type (string, integer, boolean, etc). It never contains any property or parameter values, ensuring that Akita never sees sensitive data. 📘 First Run If you can deploy your service(s) locally, then running the Akita Client locally is a great way to test out Akita. The client will start capturing traffic on the local network and sending metadata to the Akita Cloud, which will analyze it and build a model of your APIs. Follow instructions for Single Host or VM to start capturing traffic on your local machine with the Akita Client. Choose your platform for instructions. Single Host or VM AWS ECS AWS Elastic Beanstalk AWS Fargate Docker Fly.io Kubernetes Where should I run the Akita Client? If you deploy your services by hand on bare metal or in a VM, follow the instructions in Single Host or VM to deploy Akita on the same machines as your services. If you use a VM orchestration framework, see the instructions in Single Host or VM . You can use your orchestration framework to run these commands and deploy the Akita Client across your VMs. If you use Kubernetes for container orchestration, follow the instructions in Kubernetes . If you use Docker, AWS Elastic Container Service, or another container orchestration framework, you can find options for deploying Akita in Docker and AWS ECS . If you're having trouble, you may want to check out our Troubleshooting page. Don't see your platform? Still have questions? Get in touch and we'll help you get set up. Updated over 3 years ago What’s Next Understand Your API with the Akita App Troubleshooting | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/client-authentication | Authentication - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection Developer Resources Overview Updates and Versioning Versioning and Support Policy SDK Changelog Authentication API Keys and Secrets Service Token Best Practices for Key & Token Management MCP Overview BETA Quickstart Tool List Building with LLMs Security Security SDKs and APIs SDKs SDK Overview SuprSend Backend SDK SuprSend Client SDK Authentication Javascript Android iOS React Native Flutter React Management API REST API Postman Collection Features Validate Trigger Payload Type Safety Testing Testing the Template Test Mode Monitoring and Logging Logs Data Out Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation SuprSend Client SDK Authentication Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog SuprSend Client SDK Authentication OpenAI Open in ChatGPT How to authenticate SuprSend Client SDKs using public API Keys & signed user tokens. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT 📘 Many of our mobile SDK’s are under revamp stage. These SDK’s still use workspace key and workspace secret authentication. SuprSend client SDK’s use public API Keys to authenticate requests. You can find Public Keys in SuprSend Dashboard -> Developers -> API Keys -> Public Keys . You can generate new ones and delete or rotate existing keys. For production workspaces public API Keys alone isn’t enough as they are insecure. To solve this enable enhanced secure mode switch which you can find beside Public Key (shown in above image). This mandates signed user token (a JWT token that identifies the user that is performing the request) to be sent along with client requests. Enhanced Security Mode with signed User Token When enhanced security mode is on, user level authentication is performed for all requests. This is recommended for Production workspaces. All requests will be rejected by SuprSend if enhanced security mode is on and signed user token is not provided. This signed user token should be generated by your backend application and should be passed to your client. 1 Generate Signing Key You can generate Signing key from SuprSend Dashboard (below Public Keys section in API Keys page). Once signing key is generated it won’t be shown again, so copy and store it securely. It contains 2 formats: (i.) Base64 format: This is single line text, suitable for storing as an environment variable. (ii.) PEM format: This is multiline text format string. You can use any of the above format. This key will be used as secret to generate JWT token as shown in below step. 2 Creating Signed User JWT Token This should be created on your backend application only. You will need to sign the JWT token with the signing key from above step and expose this JWT token to your Frontend application. JWT Algorithm: ES256 JWT Secret: Signing key in PEM format generated in step1. If you are using Base64 format, it should be converted in to PEM format. JWT Payload: Payload Copy Ask AI { "entity_type" : 'subscriber' , // hardcode this value to subscriber "entity_id" : your_distinct_id , // replace this with your actual distinct id "exp" : 1725814228 , // token expiry timestamp in seconds "iat" : 1725814228 // token issued timestamp in seconds. "scope" : { "tenant_id" : "string" } } SuprSend requests will be scoped to tenant. If tenant passed by you in SDK doesn’t match with the JWT payload scope tenant_id then requests will throw 403 error. If tenant_id is not passed, it is assumed to be default tenant. Currently only Inbox requests supports scope, later on we will extend it to preferences and other requests. Create JWT token using above information: Node Copy Ask AI import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken' ; const payload = { entity_type: 'subscriber' , entity_id: "johndoe" , exp: 1725814228 }; const secret = 'your PEM format signing key' ; // if base64 signing key format is used use below code to convert to PEM format. const secret = Buffer . from ( 'your_base64_signingKey' , 'base64' ). toString ( 'utf-8' ) const signedUserToken = jwt . sign ( payload , secret ,{ algorithm: 'ES256' }) 3 Using signed user token in client After creating user token on backend send it to your Frontend application to be used in SuprSend SDK as user token. Javascript Copy Ask AI import SuprSend from '@suprsend/web-sdk' ; const suprSendClient = new SuprSend ( publicApiKey : string ); const authResponse = await suprSendClient . identify ( user . id , user . userToken ); Token expiry handling To handle cases of token expiry our client SDK’s have Refresh User Token callback as parameter in identify method which gets called to get new user token when existing token is expired. Javascript Copy Ask AI const authResponse = await suprSendClient . identify ( user . id , user . userToken , { refreshUserToken : ( oldUserToken , tokenPayload ) => { //.... write your logic to get new token by making API call to your server... // return new token }}); Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Integrate Javascript SDK Web SDK Integration to enable WebPush, Preferences, & In-app feed in javascript websites like React, Vue, and Next.js. 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https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API/Writing_a_WebSocket_server_in_JavaScript_Deno#search | Writing a WebSocket server in JavaScript (Deno) - Web APIs | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web Web APIs The WebSocket API (WebSockets) Writing a WebSocket server in JavaScript (Deno) Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) 日本語 中文 (简体) Writing a WebSocket server in JavaScript (Deno) This example shows you how to create a WebSocket API server using Deno, with an accompanying web page. Deno is a JavaScript runtime which supports TypeScript compiling and caching on the fly. Deno has built-in formatter, linter, test runner and more, and also implements many web APIs. By being compliant with the web standards, all Deno-specific APIs are implemented under the Deno namespace. The Deno website provides instructions for installing Deno. Deno version at the time of writing: 2.6 . In this article Code Running the code See also Code The code will be contained in two files, one for the server, and one for the client. Server Create a main.js file. This file will contain the code for a simple HTTP server which will also serve the client HTML. js Deno.serve({ port: 8080, async handler(request) { if (request.headers.get("upgrade") !== "websocket") { // If the request is a normal HTTP request, // we serve the client HTML file. const file = await Deno.open("./index.html", { read: true }); return new Response(file.readable); } // If the request is a websocket upgrade, // we need to use the Deno.upgradeWebSocket helper const { socket, response } = Deno.upgradeWebSocket(request); socket.onopen = () => { console.log("CONNECTED"); }; socket.onmessage = (event) => { console.log(`RECEIVED: ${event.data}`); socket.send("pong"); }; socket.onclose = () => console.log("DISCONNECTED"); socket.onerror = (error) => console.error("ERROR:", error); return response; }, }); Deno.upgradeWebSocket() upgrades the connection to a WebSocket connection, which is explained further in Protocol upgrade mechanism . Client Create an index.html file. This file will invoke a script that will ping the server every five seconds after a connection has been made. It should also contain the following markup: html <h2>WebSocket Test</h2> <p>Sends a ping every five seconds</p> <div id="output"></div> js const wsUri = "ws://127.0.0.1:8080/"; const output = document.querySelector("#output"); const websocket = new WebSocket(wsUri); let pingInterval; function writeToScreen(message) { output.insertAdjacentHTML("afterbegin", `<p>${message}</p>`); } function sendMessage(message) { writeToScreen(`SENT: ${message}`); websocket.send(message); } websocket.onopen = (e) => { writeToScreen("CONNECTED"); sendMessage("ping"); pingInterval = setInterval(() => { sendMessage("ping"); }, 5000); }; websocket.onclose = (e) => { writeToScreen("DISCONNECTED"); clearInterval(pingInterval); }; websocket.onmessage = (e) => { writeToScreen(`RECEIVED: ${e.data}`); }; websocket.onerror = (e) => { writeToScreen(`ERROR: ${e.data}`); }; Running the code With the two files, run the app using Deno. sh deno run --allow-net=0.0.0.0:8080 --allow-read=./index.html main.js Deno requires us to give explicit permissions for what we can access on the host machine. --allow-net=0.0.0.0:8080 allows the app to attach to localhost on port 8080 --allow-read=./index.html allows access to the HTML file for the client See also Writing WebSocket servers Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Dec 26, 2025 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar The WebSocket API (WebSockets) Guides Writing WebSocket client applications Writing WebSocket servers Writing a WebSocket server in C# Writing a WebSocket server in Java Writing a WebSocket server in JavaScript (Deno) Using WebSocketStream to write a client Interfaces WebSocket WebSocketStream Experimental CloseEvent MessageEvent Your blueprint for a better internet. MDN About Blog Mozilla careers Advertise with us MDN Plus Product help Contribute MDN Community Community resources Writing guidelines MDN Discord MDN on GitHub Developers Web technologies Learn web development Guides Tutorials Glossary Hacks blog Website Privacy Notice Telemetry Settings Legal Community Participation Guidelines Visit Mozilla Corporation’s not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation . 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https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/react-sdk#useauthenticateuser | SDK Integration - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection Developer Resources Overview Updates and Versioning Versioning and Support Policy SDK Changelog Authentication API Keys and Secrets Service Token Best Practices for Key & Token Management MCP Overview BETA Quickstart Tool List Building with LLMs Security Security SDKs and APIs SDKs SDK Overview SuprSend Backend SDK SuprSend Client SDK Authentication Javascript Android iOS React Native Flutter React SDK Integration WebPush Preferences Events and User methods InApp Feed Management API REST API Postman Collection Features Validate Trigger Payload Type Safety Testing Testing the Template Test Mode Monitoring and Logging Logs Data Out Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation React SDK Integration Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog React SDK Integration OpenAI Open in ChatGPT SDK Integration to enable SuprSend features like Inbox, Preferences, and Webpush into React-based web applications. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Installation We support 2 SDK’s for react based applications. @suprsend/react-core : This provides context providers and hooks to integrate SuprSend in to your application. If you want to use web-push, user methods, track events or implement your own UI for preferences and inbox by using provided methods, this library is better option. If you want to use any of inbuilt components for inbox or preferences then use @suprsend/react . @suprsend/react : This library is built on top of @suprsend/react-core , so all hooks, context providers and methods that are present in @suprsend/react-core library are also present in this, with addition to that drop-in components like Inbox, NotificationsFeed, Preferences etc are available which comes with UI to ease integration. npm yarn Copy Ask AI npm install @ suprsend / react Integration SuprSendProvider This context provider need to be wrapper around your component in which you want to use SuprSend methods. This is responsible for creating client instance( new SuprSend() ), identify and reset user. You can access the SuprSend client instance using useSuprSendClient hook. This instance contains all methods needed to integrate preferences, webpush, track events and user methods. Example.js TypeDef Copy Ask AI import { SuprSendProvider } from '@suprsend/react' ; function Example () { return ( < SuprSendProvider publicApiKey = { YOUR_KEY } distinctId = { YOUR_DISTINCT_ID } > < MyComponent /> </ SuprSendProvider > ); } Parameter Description publicApiKey public API Key is mandatory field without which error will be thrown by SuprSendProvider. You can get this from SuprSend Dashboard . distinctId Unique identifier to identify a user across platform. If a value is passed SDK will create user and authenticate user. If null value is passed authenticated user’s instance data will be cleared in your application, kind of logout. userToken Mandatory when enhanced security mode is on. This is ES256 JWT token generated in your server-side. Refer docs to create userToken. refreshUserToken This function is called by SDK internally to get new userToken before existing token is expired. The returned JWT token string is used as the new userToken. userAuthenticationHandler This callback will be called after authenticating user internally when you pass distinctId field to give you back the response of user creation API call. host Customise the host url. vapidKey This key is needed only if you are implementing WebPush notifications. You can get it in SuprSend Dashboard —> Vendors —> WebPush swFileName This key is needed only if you are implementing WebPush notifications and want to customise default serviceworker.js file name with your own service worker file name. After implementing the above SuprSendProvider you can be able to use all SuprSend features. useSuprSendClient This hook is used to access internal SuprSend client instance which has all methods related to webpush, preferences, user methods and track event. Use this hook inside child of SuprSendProvider. Example.js Copy Ask AI import { SuprSendProvider , useSuprSendClient } from "@suprsend/react" function Example () { return ( < SuprSendProvider publicApiKey = { YOUR_KEY } distinctId = { YOUR_DISTINCT_ID } > < MyComponent /> </ SuprSendProvider > ); } function MyComponent () { const suprSendClient = useSuprSendClient (); return ( < p onClick = { () => { // suprSendClient.track('testing'); // suprSendClient.user.setEmail(' [email protected] ') // suprSendClient.webpush.registerPush() // suprSendClient.user.preferences.getPreferences() } } > Click Me </ p > ); } useAuthenticateUser This hook is used to get authenticated user anywhere in your application inside SuprSendProvider. This can also be used to check if user is authenticated before calling any method of SuprSend. Example.js Copy Ask AI import { useAuthenticateUser } from '@suprsend/react' ; function MyComponent () { const { authenticatedUser } = useAuthenticateUser (); useEffect (() => { if ( authenticatedUser ) { console . log ( 'User is authenticated' , authenticatedUser ); } }, [ authenticatedUser ]); return < p > Hello world </ p > ; } Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous WebPush Integration steps of webpush in react application. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Installation Integration SuprSendProvider useSuprSendClient useAuthenticateUser | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API | Push API - Web APIs | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web Web APIs Push API Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português (do Brasil) Русский 中文 (简体) Push API Note: This feature is available in Web Workers . The Push API gives web applications the ability to receive messages pushed to them from a server, whether or not the web app is in the foreground, or even currently loaded, on a user agent. This lets developers deliver asynchronous notifications and updates to users that opt in, resulting in better engagement with timely new content. In this article Push concepts and usage Interfaces Service worker additions Examples Specifications Browser compatibility See also Push concepts and usage Warning: When implementing PushManager subscriptions, it is vitally important that you protect against CSRF/XSRF issues in your app. See the following articles for more information: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Prevention Cheat Sheet Preventing CSRF and XSRF Attacks For an app to receive push messages, it has to have an active service worker . When the service worker is active, it can subscribe to push notifications, using PushManager.subscribe() . The resulting PushSubscription includes all the information that the application needs to send a push message: an endpoint and the encryption key needed for sending data. The service worker will be started as necessary to handle incoming push messages, which are delivered to the onpush event handler. This allows apps to react to push messages being received, for example, by displaying a notification (using ServiceWorkerRegistration.showNotification() .) Each subscription is unique to a service worker. The endpoint for the subscription is a unique capability URL : knowledge of the endpoint is all that is necessary to send a message to your application. The endpoint URL therefore needs to be kept secret, or other applications might be able to send push messages to your application. Activating a service worker to deliver a push message can result in increased resource usage, particularly of the battery. Different browsers have different schemes for handling this, there is currently no standard mechanism. Firefox allows a limited number (quota) of push messages to be sent to an application, although Push messages that generate notifications are exempt from this limit. The limit is refreshed each time the site is visited. In Chrome there are no limits. Interfaces PushEvent Represents a push action, sent to the global scope of a ServiceWorker . It contains information sent from an application to a PushSubscription . PushManager Provides a way to receive notifications from third-party servers, as well as request URLs for push notifications. PushMessageData Provides access to push data sent by a server, and includes methods to manipulate the received data. PushSubscription Provides a subscription's URL endpoint, and allows unsubscribing from a push service. PushSubscriptionOptions Represents the options associated with the push subscription. Service worker additions The following additions to the Service Worker API have been specified in the Push API spec to provide an entry point for using Push messages. They also monitor and respond to push and subscription change events. ServiceWorkerRegistration.pushManager Read only Returns a reference to the PushManager interface for managing push subscriptions including subscribing, getting an active subscription, and accessing push permission status. This is the entry point into using Push messaging. onpush An event handler fired whenever a push event occurs; that is, whenever a server push message is received. onpushsubscriptionchange An event handler fired whenever a pushsubscriptionchange event occurs; for example, when a push subscription has been invalidated, or is about to be invalidated (e.g., when a push service sets an expiration time.) Examples Mozilla's ServiceWorker Cookbook contains many useful Push examples. Specifications Specification Push API # pushevent-interface Push API # pushmessagedata-interface Browser compatibility api.PushEvent Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. api.PushMessageData Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. See also Sending VAPID identified WebPush Notifications via Mozilla's Push Service Push notifications overview Service Worker API Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on May 28, 2025 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar Push API Guides Web Push API Notifications best practices Interfaces PushManager PushSubscription PushEvent PushMessageData Properties ServiceWorkerRegistration .pushManager Events ServiceWorkerGlobalScope: push ServiceWorkerGlobalScope: pushsubscriptionchange Your blueprint for a better internet. 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https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/developer/test-mode | Test Mode - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection Developer Resources Overview Updates and Versioning Versioning and Support Policy SDK Changelog Authentication API Keys and Secrets Service Token Best Practices for Key & Token Management MCP Overview BETA Quickstart Tool List Building with LLMs Security Security SDKs and APIs SDKs Management API REST API Postman Collection Features Validate Trigger Payload Type Safety Testing Testing the Template Test Mode Monitoring and Logging Logs Data Out Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation Testing Test Mode Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Testing Test Mode OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Safely test notification flows without risk of delivering to real users. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT The Test Mode feature lets you validate your notification flows without worrying about sending messages to real end users. This way you avoid accidental sends to production users while iterating on templates and workflows. With Test Mode enabled: Notifications are delivered only to designated internal testers set as test channels. The entire workflow execution works as usual, just the final delivery is blocked or redirected to catch-all channel. You can set a catch-all channel where notifications sent to non-test channels are diverted. How It Works Available in Staging and other testing workspaces (not in Sandbox or Production). Once enabled, the entire workflow execution works as usual. Test mode applies to final notification delivery and one of the following cases can happen: We check if the channel value belongs to the test channels. If it does, notification is delivered. If it doesn’t, we check if there is a catch-all channel set for the channel type. If it does, notification is diverted to the catch-all channel. If there is no catch-all channel set, notification is blocked. Set Up Test Mode 1 Enable Test Mode In your workspace, go to Developers → Test Mode and toggle it ON. ⚠️ It may take up to 5 minutes for Test Mode to become active (to avoid disrupting running workflows). 2 Select channels to block Choose which channels to block delivery on. Currently supported: Email, SMS, WhatsApp (To enable this on other channel types, Reach us at [email protected] ). 3 Add test users [Optional] Add internal testers who should receive notifications during Test Mode. You can channels by searching available users in SuprSend DB and then selecting their channels. Or add channel identifiers directly (they don’t need to belong to a registered SuprSend user). 4 Set a catch-all channel [Optional] Assign one catch-all channel per type (e.g., email, SMS). All notifications sent to non-test users on that channel will be redirected here (e.g., [email protected] , [email protected] ). Benefits for Developers ✅ Safe testing → prevent accidental notifications being sent to your production users. ✅ Centralized debugging → catch-all ensures nothing slips through unnoticed and you can see all test notifications in one place. ✅ Realistic previews → internal testers get full notifications as they would appear in production. ✅ Faster iteration → debug templates, workflows, and vendor integrations without cleanup worries. Troubleshooting Notifications not reaching test users Verify Test Mode is enabled in the correct workspace. Confirm the correct channels are blocked. Check that test users are added properly. Wait up to 5 minutes after enabling Test Mode. Real users receiving test notifications Verify Test Mode is enabled in the correct workspace. Confirm the recipient is not mistakenly added as a test user. Wait up to 5 minutes after enabling Test Mode. Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Logs Track, debug, and audit all your notification activity with comprehensive logging. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page How It Works Set Up Test Mode Benefits for Developers Troubleshooting | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://anchor.fm/anand12/episodes/New-World-Of-Unemployment-The-Useless-Class-e17erfs | New World Of Unemployment: The Useless Class by #WithAnand #WithAnand By Mr. Ånand Podcast of useful written blogs & Some original record ✨ Converting blogs into podcasts🎙️ ❤️Use #WithAnand on social media to share our work. 💌Want to Convert Blogs into podcast? Send me a voice message or DM on Social. Listen on Spotify Available on Report content on Spotify New World Of Unemployment: The Useless Class #WithAnand Sep 16, 2021 Share 00:00 01:50 15 Recommended Books For Computer Science Students We are in the modern world where the digitization of education is already going on. Now lots of blogs, articles are there on the internet to learn from. But Book has its own value, the author puts his all knowledge experience and time to write one whole book. The knowledge and details you get from a book are very precious. Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ May 12, 2022 09:09 8 Lucrative Ways To Earn Money As A Writer No matter whether you're seeking extra pocket money or career advancement, writing for money is worth the effort. Here is a list of the eight best ways to make money by writing to help you maximize your skills. Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ Dec 30, 2021 03:48 25 Must-Visit Killer Websites For Developers 90% of developers don’t know about these websites. There are so many websites to make the work of developers easier. Everyone doesn't know all. In this podcast, we will see 25 Must-Visit Killer Websites For Developers. Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ Dec 07, 2021 07:02 Open Source Best Practices The open-source software industry is booming. Software developed by large corporations is built on open collaboration, thus enjoying the benefits of widespread adoption. In addition to bringing together many people from all over the world, free and open-source software brings people together by bringing their individual interests together. Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ Nov 20, 2021 05:18 10 Bad Coding Habits You Need to Put an End to Right Now Everyone isn’t perfect, and it’s the most honest of truths. It is the same with programmers as with any other field in life. There are a lot of good, great, and still-growing-up programmers, but they are often not the best. We all make mistakes and everyone is human. Apart from faults, bad habits can also cause a lot of trouble. These bad habits may seem innocent at first glance, but if not corrected, can cause a lot of problems. Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ Nov 12, 2021 04:56 Are You A Coder? Here Are 20 Top Tips From The Coding Community Learning to code is an amazing thing. How you can code something interesting and then view its fascinating outcomes. But Doing it in the right way is also very important. I am going to share 20 Top Tips From The Coding Community Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ Nov 10, 2021 07:23 Introduction to Web Development Web development is basically the creation of website pages — either a single page or many pages. There are several aspects to it, including web design, web publishing, web programming, and database management. It is the creation of an application that works over the internet i.e. websites. The word Web Development is made up of two words, that is: Web: It refers to websites, web pages, or anything that works over the internet. Development: Building the application from scratch. Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ Nov 09, 2021 09:04 Top 10 Technology Trends of 2021 The 21st century has been a century of technological change. Several highly commercial and prevalent technologies during the early 2000s have entirely vanished, and new ones have taken their place. Many completely new technologies have also come up in 2021, especially in the arena of computer science and engineering. Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ Nov 07, 2021 10:56 7 Things You Should Know Before You Try Coding If you're considering learning to code, you might want a little guidance in order to eradicate any self-doubt you may have. In addition, you might simply want a few pointers to get you even more excited about coding. This is a list of 7 things you should know before starting to program. Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ Nov 06, 2021 03:15 Top 10 Git Commands Every Developer Should Know Git is an important part of daily programming (especially if you're working with a team) and is widely used in the software industry. Since there are many various commands you can use, mastering Git takes time. https://muthuannamalai.tech/top-10-git-commands-every-developer-should-know. Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ Oct 26, 2021 06:47 How To Contribute To Open-Source Projects As A Beginner It's important to understand that contributing to open source projects is not all about coding you can contribute in other ways such as improving the documentation, organizing the project, designing stuff reviewing code, and so on. Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ Oct 14, 2021 06:56 Everything you need to know about Hackathons Hackathon is a word creation of the words hack(-ing) and marathon. In this context, hacking stands for the development of software- or hardware solution and the marathon describes the format, which is a 1–3 days lasting event. Usually, it takes place in a spacious venue, which fits sometimes several hundred hackers. Read Blog📖 Twitter💌 Voice Message🎙️ Buy Me a Coffee❤️ Oct 06, 2021 07:24 Cryptocurrency: The Future Cryptocurrency, the most famous currency in recent times, can be referred to as the future of transactions. Read blog: https://leap2live.wordpress.com/2021/05/29/cryptocurrency/ Sep 26, 2021 05:33 New World Of Unemployment: The Useless Class Since we all know that earlier, in past years, a society was divided into three classes upper class, middle class, and the lower class. But in these modern years, due to the increase in automation and artificial intelligence a new class will be introduced soon, which will be named “ The USELESS CLASS” . Read blog: https://leap2live.wordpress.com/2021/05/23/new-world-of-unemployment-the-useless-class/ Sep 16, 2021 01:50 Hustle Culture Hustle culture is all about constantly working. Those who believe in hustle culture try to devote as many hours as possible to working or hustling. Hustling is important but taking care of yourself is even more important. Read blog: https://leap2live.wordpress.com/2021/05/22/hustle-culture/ Sep 07, 2021 03:07 The Keyboard Warrior: Irfan Hafiz Nobody can defeat you if you are enough capable to face your problems. Today I am going to talk about an undefeatable person, the most courageous person in the entire world, a person who can definitely give you some courage and can change the meaning of disability for you. Yes, I am talking about the undefeatable man Irfan, from a small country Sri Lanka. Read Blog: https://ravimehta95112.medium.com/the-keyboard-warrior-irfan-hafiz-dcf4cc19126d Sep 06, 2021 02:22 What is Open Source Open source is a term that originally referred to open source software (OSS). Open source software is code that is designed to be publicly accessible—anyone can see, modify, and distribute the code as they see fit. Aug 22, 2021 02:23 The Invite-Only chat App: Clubhouse Clubhouse was launched back in April 2020 as an iOS app. It is a new social media platform based on audio. Jul 17, 2021 03:18 New update of Battlegrounds Mobile India Upcoming Update of BATTLEGROUNDS MOBILE INDIA: Update 1.5 of PUBG Mobile (Global). Jul 13, 2021 03:50 Filter Apps for yourself as Student Developer Having useful apps in phones is very important now-a-days. And as a student you must use apps useful for you. In this new world of technology, there are various apps coming time to time to ease the life and work of peoples. As a student, you must have to use some apps that helps in your study, learning and creating contents. Jul 10, 2021 03:06 © 2026 Spotify AB Careers Legal Help App Store Google Play | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API/Writing_a_WebSocket_server_in_JavaScript_Deno#content | Writing a WebSocket server in JavaScript (Deno) - Web APIs | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web Web APIs The WebSocket API (WebSockets) Writing a WebSocket server in JavaScript (Deno) Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) 日本語 中文 (简体) Writing a WebSocket server in JavaScript (Deno) This example shows you how to create a WebSocket API server using Deno, with an accompanying web page. Deno is a JavaScript runtime which supports TypeScript compiling and caching on the fly. Deno has built-in formatter, linter, test runner and more, and also implements many web APIs. By being compliant with the web standards, all Deno-specific APIs are implemented under the Deno namespace. The Deno website provides instructions for installing Deno. Deno version at the time of writing: 2.6 . In this article Code Running the code See also Code The code will be contained in two files, one for the server, and one for the client. Server Create a main.js file. This file will contain the code for a simple HTTP server which will also serve the client HTML. js Deno.serve({ port: 8080, async handler(request) { if (request.headers.get("upgrade") !== "websocket") { // If the request is a normal HTTP request, // we serve the client HTML file. const file = await Deno.open("./index.html", { read: true }); return new Response(file.readable); } // If the request is a websocket upgrade, // we need to use the Deno.upgradeWebSocket helper const { socket, response } = Deno.upgradeWebSocket(request); socket.onopen = () => { console.log("CONNECTED"); }; socket.onmessage = (event) => { console.log(`RECEIVED: ${event.data}`); socket.send("pong"); }; socket.onclose = () => console.log("DISCONNECTED"); socket.onerror = (error) => console.error("ERROR:", error); return response; }, }); Deno.upgradeWebSocket() upgrades the connection to a WebSocket connection, which is explained further in Protocol upgrade mechanism . Client Create an index.html file. This file will invoke a script that will ping the server every five seconds after a connection has been made. It should also contain the following markup: html <h2>WebSocket Test</h2> <p>Sends a ping every five seconds</p> <div id="output"></div> js const wsUri = "ws://127.0.0.1:8080/"; const output = document.querySelector("#output"); const websocket = new WebSocket(wsUri); let pingInterval; function writeToScreen(message) { output.insertAdjacentHTML("afterbegin", `<p>${message}</p>`); } function sendMessage(message) { writeToScreen(`SENT: ${message}`); websocket.send(message); } websocket.onopen = (e) => { writeToScreen("CONNECTED"); sendMessage("ping"); pingInterval = setInterval(() => { sendMessage("ping"); }, 5000); }; websocket.onclose = (e) => { writeToScreen("DISCONNECTED"); clearInterval(pingInterval); }; websocket.onmessage = (e) => { writeToScreen(`RECEIVED: ${e.data}`); }; websocket.onerror = (e) => { writeToScreen(`ERROR: ${e.data}`); }; Running the code With the two files, run the app using Deno. sh deno run --allow-net=0.0.0.0:8080 --allow-read=./index.html main.js Deno requires us to give explicit permissions for what we can access on the host machine. --allow-net=0.0.0.0:8080 allows the app to attach to localhost on port 8080 --allow-read=./index.html allows access to the HTML file for the client See also Writing WebSocket servers Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Dec 26, 2025 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar The WebSocket API (WebSockets) Guides Writing WebSocket client applications Writing WebSocket servers Writing a WebSocket server in C# Writing a WebSocket server in Java Writing a WebSocket server in JavaScript (Deno) Using WebSocketStream to write a client Interfaces WebSocket WebSocketStream Experimental CloseEvent MessageEvent Your blueprint for a better internet. MDN About Blog Mozilla careers Advertise with us MDN Plus Product help Contribute MDN Community Community resources Writing guidelines MDN Discord MDN on GitHub Developers Web technologies Learn web development Guides Tutorials Glossary Hacks blog Website Privacy Notice Telemetry Settings Legal Community Participation Guidelines Visit Mozilla Corporation’s not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation . Portions of this content are ©1998–2026 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Content available under a Creative Commons license . | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/whatsapp-template | Whatsapp Template - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection GETTING STARTED What is SuprSend? Quick Start Guide Best Practices Plan Your Integration Go-live checklist CORE CONCEPTS Templates Design Template Channel Editors Email Template In-App Inbox Template SMS Template Whatsapp Template Android Push Template iOS Push Template Web Push Template Slack Template Microsoft teams Template Testing the Template Handlebars Helpers Internationalization Users Events Workflow Notification Categories Preferences Tenants Lists Broadcast Objects Translations DLT Guidelines Whatsapp Template Guidelines WORKFLOW BUILDER Design Workflow Node List Workflow Settings Trigger Workflow Validate Trigger Payload Tenant Workflows Notification Inbox Overview Multi Tabs React Javascript (Angular, Vuejs etc) React Native Flutter (Headless) PREFERENCE CENTRE Embedded Preference Centre Javascript Angular React VENDOR INTEGRATION GUIDE Overview Email Integrations SMS Integrations Android Push Whatsapp Integrations iOS Push Chat Integrations Vendor Fallback Tenant Vendor INTEGRATIONS Webhook Connectors MONITORING & DEBUGGING Logs Audit Logs Error Guides MANAGE YOUR ACCOUNT Authentication Methods Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation Channel Editors Whatsapp Template Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Channel Editors Whatsapp Template OpenAI Open in ChatGPT How to design whatsapp template using form editor. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT This section is a step-by-step guide on how to design and publish WhatsApp notification template. Design template You can design the template with a simple form editor tool. You can add variables with Handlebarsjs language. You can see how the message will look in the preview section on the right side. Once designed, save the WhatsApp template by clicking on the Save Draft button. When you are ready, you can Publish Draft by providing a name to the version. This will create a version in Pending Approval state. WhatsApp requires a template approval process, where every template has to be submitted to WhatsApp for approval, where WhatsApp reviews and either Approves or Rejects the message. SuprSend handles the WhatsApp approval process for you. All you have to do is create a template on SuprSend while following WhatsApp template guidelines , and we’ll send an email to you as soon as WhatsApp approves / rejects the template. Based on the approval status, the published template version’s state will move to Live or Rejected . Once the version goes Live , you can use the template to send messages to your users. WhatsApp fields description Field Description Template Category Category of the template as defined by WhatsApp. Choose the category which is most relevant for your message content. e.g. - if you are sending a message informing the user about his/her doctor appointment, select the category as Appointment Update . In case you are not able to find the relevant category for your message, select Alert Update Type Type of the message template - MEDIA/TEXT . You can select one of the options. Header (Type - TEXT) Header of the message shown in bold in your WhatsApp message Small message text box. You can add up to 60 characters in this field Emojis are not supported in header Header -> Media Type (Type - MEDIA) Media type of the header - Document(.pdf) / Image (.jpg, .png) / Video (.mp4). You can select one the media types based on the type of content that you want to add in the message Header -> Media File URL (Type - MEDIA) Add the Public URL of the document that you want to send. You can add dynamic URL by adding variables in the URL link, like this - http://s3.amazonaws.com/{{url_params}} or \{\{url\_link}} Header -> Document Name (Type - MEDIA) Valid only for media type - Document (.pdf) This is the name of the document that will be visible to your user. Will be shown as “Untitled” if not added. You can add variable in media file as {{file_name}} Body Large message text box. Can add multi-line texts. Use handlebarsjs to add variables. Footer Small message text box. You can add up to 60 characters in this field Variables are not supported in footer Buttons Button type to be added - Call to Action / Quick Reply. Select “None” if you don’t require buttons Action Buttons There are 2 types of action buttons that can be added: 1. Call Phone Number Button - To initiate a Call Action. 2. Visit Website Button - To redirect users to a website. Add the URL where a user will go when they click on this button Only one variable is allowed in “Website URL” at the end of the URL link, like this - www.suprsend.com/{{page}} Quick Reply Buttons You can add up to 3 quick reply buttons to take user input. Variables or emojis are not allowed in quick reply button Vendor Integration Required Please note that to send the WhatsApp, you will need to integrate WhatsApp vendor with SuprSend. Please visit the ‘Vendor Integration Guideline’ section to see vendors list and how to integrate them. How to format WhatsApp messages WhatsApp allows you to format text inside your messages. Use below options to format the text. Other formatting like HTML tags or markdown will not work for formatting the content Text Format Method Description Italic _text_ To italicize your message, place an underscore on both sides of the text Bold *text* To bold your message, place an asterisk on both sides of the text Strikethrough ~text~ To strikethrough your message, place a tilde on both sides of the text Monospace ```text``` To monospace your message, place three backticks on both sides of the text Adding dynamic content in the template There will always be the case where you would require to add dynamic content to a template, so as to personalise it for your users. To achieve this, you can add variables in the template, which will be replaced with the dynamic content at the time of sending the message. You’ll need to pass these while triggering the communication from one of our frontend or backend SDKs. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to add dynamic content in Inbox: 1 Declaring Variables in the global 'Mock data' button If you are at this stage, it is assumed that you have declared the variables along with sample values in the global Mock data button. To see how to declare variables before using them in designing templates, refer to this section in the Templates documentation . 2 Using variables in the templates Once the variables are declared, you can use them while designing the android push template. We support handlebarsjs to add variables in the template. As a general rule, all the variables have to be entered within double curly brackets: {{variable_name}} If you have declared the variables in the global ‘Mock data’ button, then they will come as auto-suggestions when you type a curly bracket { . This will remove the chances of errors like variable mismatch at the time of template rendering. Note that you will be able to enter a variable name even when you have not declared it inside the ‘Variables’ button. To manually enter the variable name, follow the handlerbarsjs guide here . Below is an example of how to enter variables in the template design. For illustration, we are using the same sample variable names that we declared in the ‘Templates’ section: json Copy Ask AI { "array" : [ { "product_name" : "Aldo Sling Bag" , "product_price" : "$50" }, { "product_name" : "Clarles & Keith Women Slipper, Biege, 38UK" , "product_price" : "$39" }, { "product_name" : "RayBan Sunglasses" , "product_price" : "$120" } ], "event" : { "location" : { "city" : "San Francisco" , "state" : "California" }, "order_id" : "11200123" , "first_name" : "Joe" }, "product_page" : "https://www.suprsend.com" } To enter a nested variable, enter in the format {{var1.var2.var3}} . Eg. to refer to city in the example above, you need to enter {{event.location.city}} To refer to an array element, enter in format {{var1.[_index_].var2}}. Eg. to refer to product_name of the first element of the array array , enter \{{array.[0].product_name}} If you have any space in the variable name, enclose it in square bracket {{event.[first name]}} You will be able to see the sample values in the Preview section, as well as in the Live version when you publish a draft. If you cannot see your variable being rendered with the sample value, check one of the following: Make sure you have entered the variable name and the sample value in the Variables button. Make sure you have entered the correct variable name in the template, as per the handlebarsjs guideline. At the time of sending communication, if there is a variable present in the template whose value is not rendered due to mismatch or missing, SuprSend will simply discard the template and not send that particular notification to your user. Please note that the rest of the templates will be sent. Eg. if there is an error in rendering Android Push template, but email template is successfully rendered, Android Push notification will not be triggered, but email notification will be triggered by SuprSend. Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Android Push Template How to design advanced Android Push template with customisation options to send silent, sticky notifications, and more. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Design template WhatsApp fields description How to format WhatsApp messages Adding dynamic content in the template | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core | Core learning modules - Learn web development | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Learn Core learning modules Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Español Français 日本語 中文 (简体) Core learning modules Our Core modules cover topics that we feel every web developer should have a good grounding in. This includes all the information they need to design and build a basic, accessible web app that follows modern best practices, and manage and deploy their code using appropriate tools. In this article Prerequisites Modules Prerequisites While there is no prerequisite knowledge for starting this set of modules, we would recommend that you familiarize yourself with your computer, make sure you've got a basic set of required applications installed (such as web browsers and a code editor), and do some background reading on the web and web technologies, if you have not already done so. All these topics are covered in our Getting started modules . In particular, if you've never done any coding before, we'd recommend the Your first website module, which introduces you web technologies very gently and takes you through the process of building a simple website. Modules Structuring content with HTML To build a high-quality, usable, accessible website, you need to understand how to define your content structure using semantic HTML. This module covers the basics of the HTML language, before looking at key areas such as document structure, links, lists, images, forms, and more. CSS styling basics CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style and layout web pages — for example, to alter the font, color, size, and spacing of your content, split it into multiple columns, or add animations and other decorative features. This module provides all the CSS fundamentals you'll need for now, including syntax, features, and techniques. CSS text styling With the basics of the CSS language covered, the next CSS topic for you to concentrate on is styling text — one of the most common things you'll do with CSS. Here we look at fundamentals including setting font, boldness, italics, line and letter spacing, drop shadows, and other text features. We round off the module by looking at applying custom fonts to your page, and styling lists and links. CSS layout In previous modules we looked at how to style and manipulate the boxes that your content sits inside. Now it's time to look at how to correctly lay out your boxes in relation to one another, and the browser viewport. This module looks at floats, positioning, other modern layout tools, and building responsive designs that will adapt to different devices, screen sizes, and resolutions. Dynamic scripting with JavaScript JavaScript is a huge topic, with so many different features, styles, and techniques to learn, and so many APIs and tools built on top of it. This module focuses mostly on the essentials of the core language, plus some key surrounding topics — learning these topics will give you a solid basis to work from. JavaScript frameworks and libraries JavaScript frameworks are an essential part of modern front-end web development, providing developers with tried and tested tools for building scalable, interactive web applications. Many modern companies use frameworks as a standard part of their tooling, so many front-end development jobs now require framework experience. In this set of articles, we aim to give you a comfortable starting point to help you begin learning frameworks. Accessibility Access to web content such as public services, education, e-commerce sites, and entertainment is a human right. No one should be excluded based on disability, race, geography, or other human characteristics. This module discusses the best practices and techniques you should learn to make your websites as accessible as possible. Design for developers The idea of this module is to (re-)introduce developers to design thinking. They may not want to work as designers, but having some basic user experience and design theory is good for everyone involved in building websites, no matter what their role. At the very least, even the most technical, "non-designer" developer should understand design briefs, why things are designed as they are, and be able to get into the mindset of the user. And it'll help them make their portfolios look better. Version control Version control tools are an essential part of modern workflows, for backing up and collaborating on codebases. This module takes you through the essentials of version control using Git and GitHub. Try our partner video courses Interested in an interactive video course to complement our articles? Scrimba's Frontend Developer Career Path MDN learning partner also teaches the topics contained in the MDN Core modules and more! Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Oct 29, 2025 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar Learn web development MDN curriculum Getting started modules Environment setup Installing software Browsing the web Code editors Dealing with files Command line Your first website What will it look like? Creating the content Styling the content Adding interactivity Publishing Web standards How the web works The web standards model How browsers load websites Soft skills Research and learning Collaboration and teamwork Workflows and processes Finding a job Core modules Structuring content with HTML Basic HTML syntax Web page metadata Headings and paragraphs Emphasis and importance Lists Test: HTML text basics Advanced text features Test: Advanced HTML text Challenge: Letter markup Structuring documents Creating links Test: Links Challenge: Bird watching site Images Test: Images Video and audio Test: Audio and video Challenge: Splash page Table basics Table accessibility Challenge: Planet data table Forms and buttons Test: Forms and buttons Challenge: Feedback form Debugging HTML Test: HTML tests index Additional tutorials Vector graphics Embedding technologies CSS styling basics What is CSS? CSS getting started Challenge: Biography page Basic selectors Attribute selectors Pseudo-classes and elements Combinators Test: Selectors Box model Test: Box model Handling conflicts Test: Cascade Challenge: Fixing blog styles Values and units Test: Values and units Sizing Test: Sizing Backgrounds and borders Test: Backgrounds and borders Overflow Test: Overflow Challenge: Sizing and decorating Images, media, forms Test: Images and forms Styling tables Challenge: Styling color scheme search Debugging CSS Test: Styling basics tests index Additional tutorials Advanced styling effects Cascade layers Multiple text directions Organizing your CSS CSS text styling Text and font fundamentals Styling lists Styling links Web fonts Challenge: Community school homepage CSS layout Introduction Floats Test: Floats Positioning Test: Positioning Flexbox Test: Flexbox CSS grid layout Test: CSS grid Challenge: Fundamental layout Responsive web design Media queries Test: RWD & media queries Challenge: mobile-first Test: Layout tests index Additional tutorials Multiple-column layout Practical positioning examples Legacy layout methods Supporting older browsers Dynamic scripting with JavaScript What is JavaScript? JavaScript walkthrough Troubleshooting Variables Test: Variables Numbers and operators Test: Math Strings String methods Test: Strings Arrays Test: Arrays Challenge: Story generator Conditionals Test: Conditionals Loops Test: Loops Functions Build your own function Function return values Test: Functions Events Event bubbling Test: Events Objects Test: Objects DOM scripting Challenge: Image gallery Network requests JSON Test: JSON Challenge: House data UI Debugging and error handling Test: JavaScript tests index JavaScript frameworks and libraries Introduction Framework features React getting started React ToDo app React components React events and state React editing, filtering, conditional UI React accessibility React resources Accessibility What is accessibility? 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Portions of this content are ©1998–2026 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Content available under a Creative Commons license . | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Media | Media technologies on the web | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web Media Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Español Français 日本語 한국어 中文 (简体) 正體中文 (繁體) Media technologies on the web Over the years, the web's ability to present, create, and manage audio, video, and other media has matured. There are now a large number of APIs, as well as HTML elements, DOM interfaces, and other features that make it possible to work with media in exciting and immersive ways. This article lists guides and references for various features you may use when incorporating media into your projects. In this article Guides References Related topics Guides The Media guides are resources that help you understand, transform, and optimize media on the web, including audio, video, and images using modern web technologies. Audio and Video Delivery We can deliver audio and video on the web in a number of ways, ranging from 'static' media files to adaptive live streams. This article is intended as a starting point for exploring the various delivery mechanisms of web-based media and compatibility with popular browsers. Audio and Video manipulation Having native audio and video in the browser means we can use these data streams with technologies such as <canvas> , WebGL or Web Audio API to modify audio and video directly, for example adding reverb/compression effects to audio, or grayscale/sepia filters to video. Autoplay guide for media and Web Audio APIs Unexpected automatic playback of media or audio can be an unwelcome surprise to users. While autoplay serves a purpose, it should be used carefully. To give users control over this, many browsers now provide forms of autoplay blocking. This article is a guide to autoplay, with tips on when and how to use it and how to work with browsers to handle autoplay blocking gracefully. DASH Adaptive Streaming for HTML 5 Video Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is an adaptive streaming protocol. This means that it allows for a video stream to switch between bit rates on the basis of network performance, in order to keep a video playing. Streaming audio and video A guide which covers how to stream audio and video, as well as techniques and technologies you can take advantage of to ensure the best possible quality and/or performance of your streams. Media types and formats on the web A guide to the file types and codecs available for images, audio, and video media on the web. This includes recommendations for what formats to use for what kinds of content, best practices including how to provide fallbacks and how to prioritize media types, and also includes general browser support information for each media container and codec. Using images in HTML A guide to adding images to websites that are responsive, accessible, and performant. References HTML The following HTML elements are used for including media on a page. <audio> The <audio> element is used to play audio. These can be used invisibly as a destination for more complex media, or with visible controls for user-controlled playback of audio files. Accessible from JavaScript as HTMLAudioElement objects. <video> The <video> element is used to play video content. It can be used to present video files, or as a destination for streamed video content. <video> can also be used as a way to link media APIs with other HTML and DOM technologies, including <canvas> (for frame grabbing and manipulation), for example. It is accessible from JavaScript as HTMLVideoElement objects. <track> The HTML <track> element can be placed within an <audio> or <video> element to provide a reference to a WebVTT format subtitle or caption track to be used when playing the media. Accessible from JavaScript as HTMLTrackElement objects. <source> The HTML <source> element is used within an <audio> or <video> element to specify source media to present. Multiple sources can be used to provide the media in different formats, sizes, or resolutions. Accessible from JavaScript as HTMLSourceElement objects. APIs Media Capabilities API The Media Capabilities API lets you determine the encoding and decoding capabilities of the device your app or site is running on. This lets you make real-time decisions about what formats to use and when. Media Capture and Streams API A reference for the API which makes it possible to stream, record, and manipulate media both locally and across a network. This includes using local cameras and microphones to capture video, audio, and still images. Media Session API The Media Session API provides a way to customize media notifications. It does this by providing metadata for display by the user agent for the media your web app is playing. It also provides action handlers that the browser can use to access platform media keys such as hardware keys found on keyboards, headsets, remote controls, and software keys found in notification areas and on lock screens of mobile devices. MediaStream Recording API The MediaStream Recording API lets you capture media streams to process or filter the data or record it to disk. Web Audio API The Web Audio API lets you generate, filter, and manipulate sound data both in real-time and on pre-recorded material, then send that audio to a destination such as an <audio> element, a media stream, or to disk. WebRTC WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) makes it possible to stream live audio and video, as well as transfer arbitrary data, between two peers over the Internet, without requiring an intermediary. Related topics Related topics which may be of interest, since they can be used in tandem with media APIs in interesting ways. Accessible multimedia In this guide, we cover ways web designers and developers can create content that is accessible to people with different capabilities. This ranges from using the alt attribute on <img> elements to captions to tagging media for screen readers. Canvas API The Canvas API lets you draw into a <canvas> , manipulating and changing the contents of an image. This can be used with media in many ways, including by setting a <canvas> element as the destination for video playback or camera capture so that you can capture and manipulate video frames. WebGL WebGL provides an OpenGL ES compatible API on top of the existing Canvas API, making it possible to do powerful 3D graphics on the Web. Through a canvas, this can be used to add 3D imagery to media content. WebXR WebXR, which has replaced the now-obsolete WebVR API, is a technology that provides support for creating virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) content. The mixed reality content can then be displayed on the device's screen or using goggles or a headset. WebVR Deprecated The Web Virtual Reality API supports virtual reality (VR) devices such as the Oculus Rift or the HTC Vive, making it possible for developers to translate position and movement of the user into movement within a 3D scene which is then presented on the device. WebVR has been replaced by WebXR, and is due to be removed from browsers soon. Web Audio spatialization basics In 3D environments, which may either be 3D scenes rendered to the screen or a mixed reality experience experienced using a headset, it's important for audio to be performed so that it sounds like it's coming from the direction of its source. This guide covers how to accomplish this. Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on May 24, 2025 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar Media Guides Using images in HTML Audio and video manipulation Autoplay guide for media and Web Audio APIs Streaming audio and video Audio and video delivery Creating a cross-browser video player Video player styling basics Adding captions and subtitles to HTML video Cross-browser audio basics Media buffering, seeking, and time ranges Web audio playbackRate explained Livestreaming web audio and video Setting up adaptive streaming media sources Media formats Codecs in common media types Codecs used by WebRTC Configuring servers for Ogg media Digital audio concepts Digital video concepts Handling unsupported media Image file type and format guide Media container formats (file types) Web audio codec guide Web video codec guide Your blueprint for a better internet. MDN About Blog Mozilla careers Advertise with us MDN Plus Product help Contribute MDN Community Community resources Writing guidelines MDN Discord MDN on GitHub Developers Web technologies Learn web development Guides Tutorials Glossary Hacks blog Website Privacy Notice Telemetry Settings Legal Community Participation Guidelines Visit Mozilla Corporation’s not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation . Portions of this content are ©1998–2026 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Content available under a Creative Commons license . | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://nutrify.app/launch.html | Nutrify Launch Introducing Nutrify Homepage Short Version Nutrify is an iOS application designed to make learning about whole foods fun and in turn, reduce the intake of ultra-processed foods. It works on the premise of “take a photo of food and learn about it”. As in, it uses computer vision to identify different whole foods (we focus on whole foods rather than barcodes) and displays relevant nutrition and storage information about them. Nutrify is for anyone who wants to learn more about foods as well as about their own food habits and trends. Due to its fun and interactive design, Nutrify can also be an education tool for teaching kids or students about food. See the launch on Product Hunt . Watch the launch video on YouTube . Download Nutrify on the iOS App Store. Take a photo of food and learn about it. Download Nutrify today on the Apple App Store. Longer Version It’s here! The app my brother and I have been dreaming about for years. And we’ve built it. In 2017, I started learning machine learning/AI with the explicit goal of “Combine AI with my knowledge of fitness and nutrition to help the world move more and eat better.” The initial goals I wrote in 2017 when I started learning AI and machine learning with my self-created AI Masters Degree. Nutrify is the nutrition part of that goal. It’s designed to be an easy and fun way to learn about whole foods. I say whole foods on purpose. Because Nutrify focuses on foods you could forage for or farm or make in your kitchen. As in, foods without barcodes or packaging. If Nutrify has one central dogma, it’s that. We believe whole foods are healthier than ultra-processed foods. When I studied nutrition and food science at university, that was the central point. Basically any diet other than the Standard American Diet (SAD for short, funny), a diet full of ultra-processed foods, is a good alternative (AKA diets full of whole foods). The Standard American Diet (SAD for short). If I learned anything in a nutrition and food science degree it's that nutrition can be summed up by avoiding foods like this. And that most of food science is dedicated to making foods like this. There were also many fun and interesting things I’d learn about food but seem to forget whenever I actually wanted to remember them. In other words, I’d remember the information for passing exams but not when I was looking at food or eating it. When I learned about computer vision I had the idea of bringing this knowledge to the food. As in, use the camera as the intelligence layer. This is of course, not new. Computer vision has been used for many different use cases. Even for identifying foods in other apps. Nutrify’s differentiating factor is that it focuses on food categories and discovery rather than counting calories. Because if you’re eating whole foods, moving often and sleeping well, you don’t need to count calories. To keep it simple, I love food and I love machine learning. Nutrify is the love child of these two passions. Who’s it for? Nutrify is for people who would like to learn more about food. Either more about foods you’re familiar with or foods you’ve never tried before. It can be used as a food discovery tool. Or as a way to track trends and eating habits over time (see the stats and trends feature below). One use case we’ve seen is parents teaching their kids about different foods at the supermarket or in the kitchen by taking photos of them and having Nutrify read out nutrition summaries. Key features and benefits 📸->🍍 FoodVision AI Nutrify is powered by a computer vision model capable of identifying 420 foods (for now, more coming soon). Simply point your phone at food and take a photo, Nutrify will do its best to identify what’s in it and show relevant information. All image processing happens on-device using the Neural Engine, so predictions happen really fast and work offline. Nutrify's computer vision models run on-device and leverage the Neural Engine (Apple's chip for machine learning) so they happen fast and work without an internet connection (even on the top of a mountain). The video is a live screen recording of a lasagne lunch hike break on top of Mt. Tamborine, Queensland, Australia. 📔 Create a Visual Food Diary When you take a photo with Nutrify, you have the option to save or delete it. Saving it stores it in your Visual Food Diary, an excellent way to reflect on what you’ve eaten. Don't count calories. Look at what you've eaten instead. Nutrify enables an easy way to keep a visual log of what you've eaten. Something to reflect on or show a healthcare practitioner. In my experience with keeping food diaries, I’ve found that numbers on a page (calorie counting) are too specific for me. Instead, I much prefer seeing what I’ve eaten (ideally, a wide range of whole foods). You could use this to show a nutrition coach or wellness practitioner what you’ve eaten and get their insights. 🔍 Discover new foods and complete the Nutridex I loved playing Pokémon as a kid. I used to think the Pokédex was magic. So my brother and I made a big effort to make Nutrify feel the same. For version 1.0, the Nutridex contains information 420 different foods across 22 different categories. Nutrify contains information for 420 foods from 22 different categories including fruit, vegetables, nuts and seeds, legumes, meat, fungi and many more. Each comes with a beautifully designed custom food icon crafted by our skilful designer (thank you Grace!). And the first time you take a photo of a food you haven’t seen before, a delightful unlock sound will play and it’ll be added to your Nutridex (see the launch video for what this looks like). A small incentive to continually try new foods. The Nutridex contains information about different foods and displays which foods you've discovered/haven't discovered with the camera. The Nutridex will be constantly growing over time. So completing it may actually be a continually moving target. As of writing, my Nutridex is at 357/420. If you find that your favourite food isn’t in the Nutridex, let us know so we can expand it! 📊 Get stats and trends of your food habits over time After you’ve used Nutrify for a while, stats and trends will automatically populate the Summary tab based on your Visual Food Diary. This includes most eaten foods, most eaten categories, most common breakfast, lunch and dinner foods and more. You can use these statistics and trends to gain insights on your food habits and adjust if necessary. As you take photos with Nutrify, the Summary tab (paid feature) will populate automatically with stats and trends. You'll also be able to see how different foods affect your heart rate as well as set goals for consuming/avoiding certain foods/categories. We’ll be adding more analytics and insights over time as well so feel free to suggest something you’d like to see. New: You can now also use the Summary tab to see how different foods affect your heart rate (requires heart rate data in Apple Health) and set goals for consuming or avoiding different foods/categories. How does it work? Nutrify is a combination of machine learning, iOS, a database and design. It's bootstrapped in a converted lounge room office in Brisbane, Australia by myself and my brother Josh working together part-time. A brief overview of how Nutrify works. One missing piece is the feedback loop that happens when Nutrify gets something wrong. We use this information to improve future models. Like a data flywheel . Machine Learning (Daniel) Computer vision models are fine-tuned versions of timm (PyTorch Image Models) models from Hugging Face (thank you to Ross Wightman for the incredible work) on a custom dataset. All training happens locally on a single GPU (one GPU, one dream). Experiment and artifact tracking happens all with Weights and Biases . We're currently at 1000+ models trained as well as 100+ versions of datasets/labels. Food images are collected from open-source datasets as well as manually collected (we've manually taken 50,000+ images of food/not food - never underestimate the power of manual data collection). We use an iterative training loop similar to Tesla’s data flywheel but for food images. You can see this setup explained on YouTube . iOS (Josh) All of Nutrify is built in SwiftUI so it runs and feels like a native iOS app. All machine learning models run on-device using Core ML and perform inference in under 10ms (no internet connection required + very fast!). We leverage several of Apple's in-built APIs to ensure Nutrify runs as clean as possible (this is why it requires iOS 16+). Database Our nutrition data comes from open-source nutrition databases ( FDC and FSANZ ). Metadata, object storage and authentication (sign-in with Apple etc) happens via Supabase . Food Icons (Grace) All food icons are custom-designed specifically for Nutrify. Pricing Nutrify is free to use for up to 20 images without an account and unlimited images with an account. This means you could complete the Nutridex for free by signing up for an account and taking photos of food. Personalised food stats, summaries and trends are a paid feature. Our pricing is monthly with a discount for yearly. $3.99USD/month ($47.90USD/year) $24.99USD/year (47% cheaper than monthly) Please note these are base prices and actual prices may differ in the Apple App Store depending on the region. This is at Apple’s discretion and out of our control. Where it’s going Nutrify version 1.0 just launched but we’re already thinking about the future. Some things we’re thinking about: Nutrify is built in Australia - There is a focus on whole foods available to us but we’ll expand this over time. However, many of the existing 420 foods are common globally. We’d like to take this to 1000+ by the end of the year. Our computer vision models aren’t perfect - Nutrify will make mistakes. But that’s half the fun! The good news is, it’s easy to correct by tapping another option in the swap bar or by tapping the pencil to add a custom food (the custom foods will also let us know which foods to add to the Nutridex). Multiple foods, dishes and complex meals - For now, Nutrify focuses on the premise of one photo, one food. But as we upgrade the computer vision models, they’ll be able to handle multiple foods and dishes better. Our advice is to take photos of food when you’re making it and enjoy it when it’s made. Other potential ideas - Food information for specific demographics, for example, children, newborn baby food tracking (e.g. “what foods has my baby tried?”), parents looking to conceive and more. We’ve tried to stay away from specifically recommending certain foods (other than whole foods) so this is an area which may require a bit more research. Contact and learn more If you have any ideas or foods you’d like to see in Nutrify, feel free to let us know! Our contact email is [email protected] . And you can find us elsewhere: Website Download on the App Store Instagram TikTok X In the meantime, have fun learning about food! – Daniel and Josh FAQ What is Nutrify? Nutrify is an iOS app that uses computer vision to identify whole foods from photos and provides relevant nutrition and storage information. It aims to make learning about food fun and informative. How does Nutrify work? By simply taking a photo of whole food, Nutrify uses a computer vision model to identify the food and then displays relevant nutrition information. The app focuses on whole foods rather than barcodes or foods in packaging. Who can benefit from using Nutrify? Anyone interested in learning more about food, tracking their food habits, discovering new foods, or using it as an educational tool to learn about food and nutrition. What features does Nutrify offer? Nutrify's main features include FoodVision AI for identifying foods, a Visual Food Diary for tracking what you eat, the Nutridex for discovering new foods, and stats and trends analysis over time. Does Nutrify require an internet connection to work? No, all image processing happens on-device using the Neural Engine, allowing for fast predictions and offline functionality. How many foods can Nutrify identify? Currently, Nutrify is capable of identifying 420 different whole foods. Is Nutrify free to use? Nutrify can be used to identify and learn about foods for free for up to 20 images without an account, and unlimited images with an account. Personalized food stats and trends are a paid feature for $3.99USD/month or $24.99/year. How accurate is Nutrify’s food identification? While Nutrify can identify many foods very well, our computer vision models aren’t perfect. They will make mistakes. Good news is, you can easily correct errors by selecting another option or adding a custom food. Can Nutrify identify multiple foods in one photo? Currently, Nutrify focuses on identifying one food item per photo, but future updates aim to improve its capability to handle multiple foods and complex meals better. What sets Nutrify apart from other food tracking apps? Nutrify emphasizes food discovery and learning over calorie counting, offering a fun and interactive way to explore nutrition information for whole foods. How can I download Nutrify? Nutrify is available for download on the iOS App Store . You can find it by searching for "Nutrify". What are the future plans for Nutrify? We’d love to continue to expand the food database, improve our computer vision models for better accuracy, and exploring additional features such as demographic-specific food information and tracking for specific needs like “foods my baby has eaten” or specific dietary preferences. | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API/Using_Fetch | Using the Fetch API - Web APIs | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web Web APIs Fetch API Using the Fetch API Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português (do Brasil) Русский 中文 (简体) 正體中文 (繁體) Using the Fetch API The Fetch API provides a JavaScript interface for making HTTP requests and processing the responses. Fetch is the modern replacement for XMLHttpRequest : unlike XMLHttpRequest , which uses callbacks, Fetch is promise-based and is integrated with features of the modern web such as service workers and Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) . With the Fetch API, you make a request by calling fetch() , which is available as a global function in both window and worker contexts. You pass it a Request object or a string containing the URL to fetch, along with an optional argument to configure the request. The fetch() function returns a Promise which is fulfilled with a Response object representing the server's response. You can then check the request status and extract the body of the response in various formats, including text and JSON, by calling the appropriate method on the response. Here's a minimal function that uses fetch() to retrieve some JSON data from a server: js async function getData() { const url = "https://example.org/products.json"; try { const response = await fetch(url); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error(`Response status: ${response.status}`); } const result = await response.json(); console.log(result); } catch (error) { console.error(error.message); } } We declare a string containing the URL and then call fetch() , passing the URL with no extra options. The fetch() function will reject the promise on some errors, but not if the server responds with an error status like 404 : so we also check the response status and throw if it is not OK. Otherwise, we fetch the response body content as JSON by calling the json() method of Response , and log one of its values. Note that like fetch() itself, json() is asynchronous, as are all the other methods to access the response body content. In the rest of this page we'll look in more detail at the different stages of this process. In this article Making a request Canceling a request Handling the response See also Making a request To make a request, call fetch() , passing in: a definition of the resource to fetch. This can be any one of: a string containing the URL an object, such as an instance of URL , which has a stringifier that produces a string containing the URL a Request instance optionally, an object containing options to configure the request. In this section we'll look at some of the most commonly-used options. To read about all the options that can be given, see the fetch() reference page. Setting the method By default, fetch() makes a GET request, but you can use the method option to use a different request method : js const response = await fetch("https://example.org/post", { method: "POST", // … }); If the mode option is set to no-cors , then method must be one of GET , POST or HEAD . Setting a body The request body is the payload of the request: it's the thing the client is sending to the server. You cannot include a body with GET requests, but it's useful for requests that send content to the server, such as POST or PUT requests. For example, if you want to upload a file to the server, you might make a POST request and include the file as the request body. To set a request body, pass it as the body option: js const response = await fetch("https://example.org/post", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ username: "example" }), // … }); You can supply the body as an instance of any of the following types: a string ArrayBuffer TypedArray DataView Blob File URLSearchParams FormData ReadableStream Other objects are converted to strings using their toString() method. For example, you can use a URLSearchParams object to encode form data (see setting headers for more information): js const response = await fetch("https://example.org/post", { method: "POST", headers: { "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", }, // Automatically converted to "username=example&password=password" body: new URLSearchParams({ username: "example", password: "password" }), // … }); Note that just like response bodies, request bodies are streams, and making the request reads the stream, so if a request contains a body, you can't make it twice: js const request = new Request("https://example.org/post", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ username: "example" }), }); const response1 = await fetch(request); console.log(response1.status); // Will throw: "Body has already been consumed." const response2 = await fetch(request); console.log(response2.status); Instead, you would need to create a clone of the request before sending it: js const request1 = new Request("https://example.org/post", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ username: "example" }), }); const request2 = request1.clone(); const response1 = await fetch(request1); console.log(response1.status); const response2 = await fetch(request2); console.log(response2.status); See Locked and disturbed streams for more information. Setting headers Request headers give the server information about the request: for example, in a POST request, the Content-Type header tells the server the format of the request's body. To set request headers, assign them to the headers option. You can pass an object literal here containing header-name: header-value properties: js const response = await fetch("https://example.org/post", { method: "POST", headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json", }, body: JSON.stringify({ username: "example" }), // … }); Alternatively, you can construct a Headers object, add headers to that object using Headers.append() , then assign the Headers object to the headers option: js const myHeaders = new Headers(); myHeaders.append("Content-Type", "application/json"); const response = await fetch("https://example.org/post", { method: "POST", headers: myHeaders, body: JSON.stringify({ username: "example" }), // … }); Compared to using plain objects, the Headers object provides some additional input sanitization. For example, it normalizes header names to lowercase, strips leading and trailing whitespace from header values, and prevents certain headers from being set. Many headers are set automatically by the browser and can't be set by a script: these are called Forbidden request headers . If the mode option is set to no-cors , then the set of permitted headers is further restricted. Sending data in a GET request GET requests don't have a body, but you can still send data to the server by appending it to the URL as a query string. This is a common way to send form data to the server. You can do this by using URLSearchParams to encode the data, and then appending it to the URL: js const params = new URLSearchParams(); params.append("username", "example"); // GET request sent to https://example.org/login?username=example const response = await fetch(`https://example.org/login?${params}`); Making cross-origin requests Whether a request can be made cross-origin or not is determined by the value of the RequestInit.mode option. This may take one of three values: cors , same-origin , or no-cors . For fetch requests the default value of mode is cors , meaning that if the request is cross-origin then it will use the Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) mechanism. This means that: if the request is a simple request , then the request will always be sent, but the server must respond with the correct Access-Control-Allow-Origin header or the browser will not share the response with the caller. if the request is not a simple request, then the browser will send a preflighted request to check that the server understands CORS and allows the request, and the real request will not be sent unless the server responds to the preflighted request with the appropriate CORS headers. Setting mode to same-origin disallows cross-origin requests completely. Setting mode to no-cors disables CORS for cross-origin requests. This restricts the headers that may be set, and restricts methods to GET, HEAD, and POST. The response is opaque , meaning that its headers and body are not available to JavaScript. Most of the time a website should not use no-cors : the main application of it is for certain service worker use cases. See the reference documentation for RequestInit.mode for more details. Including credentials In the context of the Fetch API, a credential is an extra piece of data sent along with the request that the server may use to authenticate the user. All the following items are considered to be credentials: HTTP cookies TLS client certificates The Authorization and Proxy-Authorization headers. By default, credentials are only included in same-origin requests. To customize this behavior, as well as to control whether the browser respects any Set-Cookie response headers, set the credentials option, which can take one of the following three values: omit : never send credentials in the request or include credentials in the response. same-origin (the default): only send and include credentials for same-origin requests. include : always include credentials, even cross-origin. Note that if a cookie's SameSite attribute is set to Strict or Lax , then the cookie will not be sent cross-site, even if credentials is set to include . Including credentials in cross-origin requests can make a site vulnerable to CSRF attacks, so even if credentials is set to include , the server must also agree to their inclusion by including the Access-Control-Allow-Credentials header in its response. Additionally, in this situation the server must explicitly specify the client's origin in the Access-Control-Allow-Origin response header (that is, * is not allowed). This means that if credentials is set to include and the request is cross-origin, then: If the request is a simple request , then the request will be sent with credentials, but the server must set the Access-Control-Allow-Credentials and Access-Control-Allow-Origin response headers, or the browser will return a network error to the caller. If the server does set the correct headers, then the response, including credentials, will be delivered to the caller. If the request is not a simple request, then the browser will send a preflighted request without credentials, and the server must set the Access-Control-Allow-Credentials and Access-Control-Allow-Origin response headers, or the browser will return a network error to the caller. If the server does set the correct headers, then the browser will follow up with the real request, including credentials, and will deliver the real response, including credentials, to the caller. Creating a Request object The Request() constructor takes the same arguments as fetch() itself. This means that instead of passing options into fetch() , you can pass the same options to the Request() constructor, and then pass that object to fetch() . For example, we can make a POST request by passing options into fetch() using code like this: js const myHeaders = new Headers(); myHeaders.append("Content-Type", "application/json"); const response = await fetch("https://example.org/post", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ username: "example" }), headers: myHeaders, }); However, we could rewrite this to pass the same arguments to the Request() constructor: js const myHeaders = new Headers(); myHeaders.append("Content-Type", "application/json"); const myRequest = new Request("https://example.org/post", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ username: "example" }), headers: myHeaders, }); const response = await fetch(myRequest); This also means that you can create a request from another request, while changing some of its properties using the second argument: js async function post(request) { try { const response = await fetch(request); const result = await response.json(); console.log("Success:", result); } catch (error) { console.error("Error:", error); } } const request1 = new Request("https://example.org/post", { method: "POST", headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json", }, body: JSON.stringify({ username: "example1" }), }); const request2 = new Request(request1, { body: JSON.stringify({ username: "example2" }), }); post(request1); post(request2); Canceling a request To make a request cancelable, create an AbortController , and assign its AbortSignal to the request's signal property. To cancel the request, call the controller's abort() method. The fetch() call will reject the promise with an AbortError exception. js const controller = new AbortController(); const fetchButton = document.querySelector("#fetch"); fetchButton.addEventListener("click", async () => { try { console.log("Starting fetch"); const response = await fetch("https://example.org/get", { signal: controller.signal, }); console.log(`Response: ${response.status}`); } catch (e) { console.error(`Error: ${e}`); } }); const cancelButton = document.querySelector("#cancel"); cancelButton.addEventListener("click", () => { controller.abort(); console.log("Canceled fetch"); }); If the request is aborted after the fetch() call has been fulfilled but before the response body has been read, then attempting to read the response body will reject with an AbortError exception. js async function get() { const controller = new AbortController(); const request = new Request("https://example.org/get", { signal: controller.signal, }); const response = await fetch(request); controller.abort(); // The next line will throw `AbortError` const text = await response.text(); console.log(text); } Handling the response As soon as the browser has received the response status and headers from the server (and potentially before the response body itself has been received), the promise returned by fetch() is fulfilled with a Response object. Checking response status The promise returned by fetch() will reject on some errors, such as a network error or a bad scheme. However, if the server responds with an error like 404 , then fetch() fulfills with a Response , so we have to check the status before we can read the response body. The Response.status property tells us the numerical status code, and the Response.ok property returns true if the status is in the 200 range . A common pattern is to check the value of ok and throw if it is false : js async function getData() { const url = "https://example.org/products.json"; try { const response = await fetch(url); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error(`Response status: ${response.status}`); } // … } catch (error) { console.error(error.message); } } Checking the response type Responses have a type property that can be one of the following: basic : the request was a same-origin request. cors : the request was a cross-origin CORS request. opaque : the request was a cross-origin simple request made with the no-cors mode. opaqueredirect : the request set the redirect option to manual , and the server returned a redirect status . The type determines the possible contents of the response, as follows: Basic responses exclude response headers from the Forbidden response header name list. CORS responses include only response headers from the CORS-safelisted response header list. Opaque responses and opaque redirect responses have a status of 0 , an empty header list, and a null body. Checking headers Just like the request, the response has a headers property which is a Headers object, and this contains any response headers that are exposed to scripts, subject to the exclusions made based on the response type. A common use case for this is to check the content type before trying to read the body: js async function fetchJSON(request) { try { const response = await fetch(request); const contentType = response.headers.get("content-type"); if (!contentType || !contentType.includes("application/json")) { throw new TypeError("Oops, we haven't got JSON!"); } // Otherwise, we can read the body as JSON } catch (error) { console.error("Error:", error); } } Reading the response body The Response interface provides a number of methods to retrieve the entire body contents in a variety of different formats: Response.arrayBuffer() Response.blob() Response.formData() Response.json() Response.text() These are all asynchronous methods, returning a Promise which will be fulfilled with the body content. In this example, we fetch an image and read it as a Blob , which we can then use to create an object URL: js const image = document.querySelector("img"); const url = "flowers.jpg"; async function setImage() { try { const response = await fetch(url); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error(`Response status: ${response.status}`); } const blob = await response.blob(); const objectURL = URL.createObjectURL(blob); image.src = objectURL; } catch (e) { console.error(e); } } The method will throw an exception if the response body is not in the appropriate format: for example, if you call json() on a response that can't be parsed as JSON. Streaming the response body Request and response bodies are actually ReadableStream objects, and whenever you read them, you're streaming the content. This is good for memory efficiency, because the browser doesn't have to buffer the entire response in memory before the caller retrieves it using a method like json() . This also means that the caller can process the content incrementally as it is received. For example, consider a GET request that fetches a large text file and processes it in some way, or displays it to the user: js const url = "https://www.example.org/a-large-file.txt"; async function fetchText(url) { try { const response = await fetch(url); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error(`Response status: ${response.status}`); } const text = await response.text(); console.log(text); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } } If we use Response.text() , as above, we must wait until the whole file has been received before we can process any of it. If we stream the response instead, we can process chunks of the body as they are received from the network: js const url = "https://www.example.org/a-large-file.txt"; async function fetchTextAsStream(url) { try { const response = await fetch(url); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error(`Response status: ${response.status}`); } const stream = response.body.pipeThrough(new TextDecoderStream()); for await (const value of stream) { console.log(value); } } catch (e) { console.error(e); } } In this example, we iterate asynchronously over the stream, processing each chunk as it arrives. Note that when you access the body directly like this, you get the raw bytes of the response and must transform it yourself. In this case we call ReadableStream.pipeThrough() to pipe the response through a TextDecoderStream , which decodes the UTF-8-encoded body data as text. Processing a text file line by line In the example below, we fetch a text resource and process it line by line, using a regular expression to look for line endings. For simplicity, we assume the text is UTF-8, and don't handle fetch errors: js async function* makeTextFileLineIterator(fileURL) { const response = await fetch(fileURL); const reader = response.body.pipeThrough(new TextDecoderStream()).getReader(); let { value: chunk = "", done: readerDone } = await reader.read(); const newline = /\r?\n/g; let startIndex = 0; while (true) { const result = newline.exec(chunk); if (!result) { if (readerDone) break; const remainder = chunk.slice(startIndex); ({ value: chunk, done: readerDone } = await reader.read()); chunk = remainder + (chunk || ""); startIndex = newline.lastIndex = 0; continue; } yield chunk.substring(startIndex, result.index); startIndex = newline.lastIndex; } if (startIndex < chunk.length) { // Last line didn't end in a newline char yield chunk.substring(startIndex); } } async function run(urlOfFile) { for await (const line of makeTextFileLineIterator(urlOfFile)) { processLine(line); } } function processLine(line) { console.log(line); } run("https://www.example.org/a-large-file.txt"); Locked and disturbed streams The consequences of request and response bodies being streams are that: if a reader has been attached to a stream using ReadableStream.getReader() , then the stream is locked , and nothing else can read the stream. if any content has been read from the stream, then the stream is disturbed , and nothing else can read from the stream. This means it's not possible to read the same response (or request) body more than once: js async function getData() { const url = "https://example.org/products.json"; try { const response = await fetch(url); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error(`Response status: ${response.status}`); } const result1 = await response.json(); const result2 = await response.json(); // will throw } catch (error) { console.error(error.message); } } If you do need to read the body more than once, you must call Response.clone() before reading the body: js async function getData() { const url = "https://example.org/products.json"; try { const response1 = await fetch(url); if (!response1.ok) { throw new Error(`Response status: ${response1.status}`); } const response2 = response1.clone(); const result1 = await response1.json(); const result2 = await response2.json(); } catch (error) { console.error(error.message); } } This is a common pattern when implementing an offline cache with service workers . The service worker wants to return the response to the app, but also to cache the response. So it clones the response, returns the original, and caches the clone: js async function cacheFirst(request) { const cachedResponse = await caches.match(request); if (cachedResponse) { return cachedResponse; } try { const networkResponse = await fetch(request); if (networkResponse.ok) { const cache = await caches.open("MyCache_1"); cache.put(request, networkResponse.clone()); } return networkResponse; } catch (error) { return Response.error(); } } self.addEventListener("fetch", (event) => { if (precachedResources.includes(url.pathname)) { event.respondWith(cacheFirst(event.request)); } }); See also Service Worker API Streams API CORS HTTP Fetch examples on GitHub Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Aug 20, 2025 by MDN contributors . 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https://socket.io/pt-br/docs/v4/broadcasting-events/ | Broadcasting events | Socket.IO Ir para o conteúdo principal Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Exemplos Emit cheatsheet API do Servidor API do cliente Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Torne-se um sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog Português (Brasil) English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Buscar Socket.IO Documentação Servidor Cliente Eventos Emitting events Listening to events Broadcasting events Rooms Adaptadores Avançado Migrações Diversos Eventos Broadcasting events Version: 4.x Nesta página Broadcasting events Socket.IO makes it easy to send events to all the connected clients. info Please note that broadcasting is a server-only feature. To all connected clients io . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; caution Clients that are currently disconnected (or in the process of reconnecting) won't receive the event. Storing this event somewhere (in a database, for example) is up to you, depending on your use case. To all connected clients except the sender io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . broadcast . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; } ) ; note In the example above, using socket.emit("hello", "world") (without broadcast flag) would send the event to "client A". You can find the list of all the ways to send an event in the cheatsheet . With multiple Socket.IO servers Broadcasting also works with multiple Socket.IO servers. You just need to replace the default adapter by the Redis Adapter or another compatible adapter . In certain cases, you may want to only broadcast to clients that are connected to the current server. You can achieve this with the local flag: io . local . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; In order to target specific clients when broadcasting, please see the documentation about Rooms . Editar está paginá Última atualização em 15 de nov. de 2025 Anterior Listening to events Próximo Rooms To all connected clients To all connected clients except the sender With multiple Socket.IO servers Documentação Guide Tutorial Exemplos API do Servidor API do Cliente Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Seja um Sponsor Copyright © 2022 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide | JavaScript Guide - JavaScript | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web JavaScript Guide Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português (do Brasil) Русский 中文 (简体) 正體中文 (繁體) JavaScript Guide The JavaScript Guide shows you how to use JavaScript and gives an overview of the language. If you need exhaustive information about a language feature, have a look at the JavaScript reference . This Guide is divided into the following chapters. In this article Introduction Grammar and types Control flow and error handling Loops and iteration Functions Expressions and operators Numbers and strings Representing dates & times Regular expressions Indexed collections Keyed collections Working with objects Using classes Promises Typed arrays Iterators and generators Resource management Internationalization JavaScript modules Advanced topics Introduction Overview: Introduction About this guide About JavaScript JavaScript and Java ECMAScript Tools What's next Grammar and types Overview: Grammar and types Basic syntax & comments Declarations Variable scope Variable hoisting Data structures and types Literals Control flow and error handling Overview: Control flow and error handling if...else switch try / catch / throw Error objects Loops and iteration Overview: Loops and iteration for while do...while continue break for...in for...of Functions Overview: Functions Defining functions Calling functions Function scopes and closures Arguments & parameters Arrow functions Expressions and operators Overview: Expressions and operators Assignment & Comparisons Arithmetic operators Bitwise & logical operators Conditional (ternary) operator Numbers and strings Overview: Numbers and strings Numbers Number object Math object Strings String object Template literals Representing dates & times Overview: Representing dates & times Date object Regular expressions Overview: Regular expressions Creating a regular expression Writing a regular expression pattern Assertions Character classes Groups and backreferences Quantifiers Indexed collections Overview: Indexed collections Keyed collections Overview: Keyed collections Map WeakMap Set WeakSet Working with objects Overview: Working with objects Objects and properties Creating objects Defining methods Getter and setter Using classes Overview: Using classes Declaring a class Various class features Extends and inheritance Why classes? Promises Overview: Promises Guarantees Chaining Error handling Composition Timing Typed arrays Overview: Typed arrays Iterators and generators Overview: Iterators and generators Iterators Iterables Generators Resource management Overview: JavaScript resource management The using and await using declarations The DisposableStack and AsyncDisposableStack objects Error handling Internationalization Overview: Internationalization Date and time formatting Number formatting Collation JavaScript modules Overview: JavaScript modules Exporting Importing Default exports Renaming features Aggregating modules Dynamic module loading Advanced topics After you have learned all fundamental features of JavaScript, you can explore some more niche features, or dive deeper into the language's mechanisms and concepts. Language overview Data structures Enumerability and ownership of properties Inheritance and the prototype chain Equality comparisons and sameness Closures Meta programming Memory management Next Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Nov 7, 2025 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar JavaScript Tutorials and guides JavaScript Guide Introduction Grammar and types Control flow and error handling Loops and iteration Functions Expressions and operators Numbers and strings Representing dates & times Regular expressions Indexed collections Keyed collections Working with objects Using classes Using promises JavaScript typed arrays Iterators and generators Resource management Internationalization JavaScript modules Intermediate Language overview JavaScript data structures Equality comparisons and sameness Enumerability and ownership of properties Closures Advanced Inheritance and the prototype chain Meta programming Memory Management References Built-in objects AggregateError Array ArrayBuffer AsyncDisposableStack AsyncFunction AsyncGenerator AsyncGeneratorFunction AsyncIterator Atomics BigInt BigInt64Array BigUint64Array Boolean DataView Date decodeURI() decodeURIComponent() DisposableStack encodeURI() encodeURIComponent() Error escape() Deprecated eval() EvalError FinalizationRegistry Float16Array Float32Array Float64Array Function Generator GeneratorFunction globalThis Infinity Int8Array Int16Array Int32Array InternalError Non-standard Intl isFinite() isNaN() Iterator JSON Map Math NaN Number Object parseFloat() parseInt() Promise Proxy RangeError ReferenceError Reflect RegExp Set SharedArrayBuffer String SuppressedError Symbol SyntaxError Temporal TypedArray TypeError Uint8Array Uint8ClampedArray Uint16Array Uint32Array undefined unescape() Deprecated URIError WeakMap WeakRef WeakSet Expressions & operators Addition (+) Addition assignment (+=) Assignment (=) async function expression async function* expression await Bitwise AND (&) Bitwise AND assignment (&=) Bitwise NOT (~) Bitwise OR (|) Bitwise OR assignment (|=) Bitwise XOR (^) Bitwise XOR assignment (^=) class expression Comma operator (,) Conditional (ternary) operator Decrement (--) delete Destructuring Division (/) Division assignment (/=) Equality (==) Exponentiation (**) Exponentiation assignment (**=) function expression function* expression Greater than (>) Greater than or equal (>=) Grouping operator ( ) import.meta import.meta.resolve() import() in Increment (++) Inequality (!=) instanceof Left shift (<<) Left shift assignment (<<=) Less than (<) Less than or equal (<=) Logical AND (&&) Logical AND assignment (&&=) Logical NOT (!) Logical OR (||) Logical OR assignment (||=) Multiplication (*) Multiplication assignment (*=) new new.target null Nullish coalescing assignment (??=) Nullish coalescing operator (??) Object initializer Operator precedence Optional chaining (?.) Property accessors Remainder (%) Remainder assignment (%=) Right shift (>>) Right shift assignment (>>=) Spread syntax (...) Strict equality (===) Strict inequality (!==) Subtraction (-) Subtraction assignment (-=) super this typeof Unary negation (-) Unary plus (+) Unsigned right shift (>>>) Unsigned right shift assignment (>>>=) void operator yield yield* Statements & declarations async function async function* await using Block statement break class const continue debugger do...while Empty statement export Expression statement for for await...of for...in for...of function function* if...else import Import attributes Labeled statement let return switch throw try...catch using var while with Deprecated Functions Arrow function expressions Default parameters get Method definitions Rest parameters set The arguments object [Symbol.iterator]() callee Deprecated length Classes constructor extends Private elements Public class fields static Static initialization blocks Regular expressions Backreference: \1, \2 Capturing group: (...) Character class escape: \d, \D, \w, \W, \s, \S Character class: [...], [^...] Character escape: \n, \u{...} Disjunction: | Input boundary assertion: ^, $ Literal character: a, b Lookahead assertion: (?=...), (?!...) Lookbehind assertion: (?<=...), (?<!...) Modifier: (?ims-ims:...) Named backreference: \k<name> Named capturing group: (?<name>...) Non-capturing group: (?:...) Quantifier: *, +, ?, {n}, {n,}, {n,m} Unicode character class escape: \p{...}, \P{...} Wildcard: . Word boundary assertion: \b, \B Errors AggregateError: No Promise in Promise.any was resolved Error: Permission denied to access property "x" InternalError: too much recursion RangeError: argument is not a valid code point RangeError: BigInt division by zero RangeError: BigInt negative exponent RangeError: form must be one of 'NFC', 'NFD', 'NFKC', or 'NFKD' RangeError: invalid array length RangeError: invalid date RangeError: precision is out of range RangeError: radix must be an integer RangeError: repeat count must be less than infinity RangeError: repeat count must be non-negative RangeError: x can't be converted to BigInt because it isn't an integer ReferenceError: "x" is not defined ReferenceError: assignment to undeclared variable "x" ReferenceError: can't access lexical declaration 'X' before initialization ReferenceError: must call super constructor before using 'this' in derived class constructor ReferenceError: super() called twice in derived class constructor SyntaxError: 'arguments'/'eval' can't be defined or assigned to in strict mode code SyntaxError: "0"-prefixed octal literals are deprecated SyntaxError: "use strict" not allowed in function with non-simple parameters SyntaxError: "x" is a reserved identifier SyntaxError: \ at end of pattern SyntaxError: a declaration in the head of a for-of loop can't have an initializer SyntaxError: applying the 'delete' operator to an unqualified name is deprecated SyntaxError: arguments is not valid in fields SyntaxError: await is only valid in async functions, async generators and modules SyntaxError: await/yield expression can't be used in parameter SyntaxError: cannot use `??` unparenthesized within `||` and `&&` expressions SyntaxError: character class escape cannot be used in class range in regular expression SyntaxError: continue must be inside loop SyntaxError: duplicate capture group name in regular expression SyntaxError: duplicate formal argument x SyntaxError: for-in loop head declarations may not have initializers SyntaxError: function statement requires a name SyntaxError: functions cannot be labelled SyntaxError: getter and setter for private name #x should either be both static or non-static SyntaxError: getter functions must have no arguments SyntaxError: identifier starts immediately after numeric literal SyntaxError: illegal character SyntaxError: import declarations may only appear at top level of a module SyntaxError: incomplete quantifier in regular expression SyntaxError: invalid assignment left-hand side SyntaxError: invalid BigInt syntax SyntaxError: invalid capture group name in regular expression SyntaxError: invalid character in class in regular expression SyntaxError: invalid class set operation in regular expression SyntaxError: invalid decimal escape in regular expression SyntaxError: invalid identity escape in regular expression SyntaxError: invalid named capture reference in regular expression SyntaxError: invalid property name in regular expression SyntaxError: invalid range in character class SyntaxError: invalid regexp group SyntaxError: invalid regular expression flag "x" SyntaxError: invalid unicode escape in regular expression SyntaxError: JSON.parse: bad parsing SyntaxError: label not found SyntaxError: missing : after property id SyntaxError: missing ) after argument list SyntaxError: missing ) after condition SyntaxError: missing ] after element list SyntaxError: missing } after function body SyntaxError: missing } after property list SyntaxError: missing = in const declaration SyntaxError: missing formal parameter SyntaxError: missing name after . operator SyntaxError: missing variable name SyntaxError: negated character class with strings in regular expression SyntaxError: new keyword cannot be used with an optional chain SyntaxError: nothing to repeat SyntaxError: numbers out of order in {} quantifier. SyntaxError: octal escape sequences can't be used in untagged template literals or in strict mode code SyntaxError: parameter after rest parameter SyntaxError: private fields can't be deleted SyntaxError: property name __proto__ appears more than once in object literal SyntaxError: raw bracket is not allowed in regular expression with unicode flag SyntaxError: redeclaration of formal parameter "x" SyntaxError: reference to undeclared private field or method #x SyntaxError: rest parameter may not have a default SyntaxError: return not in function SyntaxError: setter functions must have one argument SyntaxError: string literal contains an unescaped line break SyntaxError: super() is only valid in derived class constructors SyntaxError: tagged template cannot be used with optional chain SyntaxError: Unexpected '#' used outside of class body SyntaxError: Unexpected token SyntaxError: unlabeled break must be inside loop or switch SyntaxError: unparenthesized unary expression can't appear on the left-hand side of '**' SyntaxError: use of super property/member accesses only valid within methods or eval code within methods SyntaxError: Using //@ to indicate sourceURL pragmas is deprecated. Use //# instead TypeError: 'caller', 'callee', and 'arguments' properties may not be accessed TypeError: 'x' is not iterable TypeError: "x" is (not) "y" TypeError: "x" is not a constructor TypeError: "x" is not a function TypeError: "x" is not a non-null object TypeError: "x" is read-only TypeError: already executing generator TypeError: BigInt value can't be serialized in JSON TypeError: calling a builtin X constructor without new is forbidden TypeError: can't access/set private field or method: object is not the right class TypeError: can't assign to property "x" on "y": not an object TypeError: can't convert BigInt to number TypeError: can't convert x to BigInt TypeError: can't define property "x": "obj" is not extensible TypeError: can't delete non-configurable array element TypeError: can't redefine non-configurable property "x" TypeError: can't set prototype of this object TypeError: can't set prototype: it would cause a prototype chain cycle TypeError: cannot use 'in' operator to search for 'x' in 'y' TypeError: class constructors must be invoked with 'new' TypeError: cyclic object value TypeError: derived class constructor returned invalid value x TypeError: getting private setter-only property TypeError: Initializing an object twice is an error with private fields/methods TypeError: invalid 'instanceof' operand 'x' TypeError: invalid Array.prototype.sort argument TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x" TypeError: Iterator/AsyncIterator constructor can't be used directly TypeError: matchAll/replaceAll must be called with a global RegExp TypeError: More arguments needed TypeError: null/undefined has no properties TypeError: property "x" is non-configurable and can't be deleted TypeError: Reduce of empty array with no initial value TypeError: setting getter-only property "x" TypeError: WeakSet key/WeakMap value 'x' must be an object or an unregistered symbol TypeError: X.prototype.y called on incompatible type URIError: malformed URI sequence Warning: -file- is being assigned a //# sourceMappingURL, but already has one Warning: unreachable code after return statement Misc JavaScript technologies overview Execution model Lexical grammar Iteration protocols Strict mode Template literals Trailing commas Deprecated features Your blueprint for a better internet. 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https://socket.io/docs/v4/changelog/ | Changelog | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Changelog 4.8.1 (October 25, 2024) 4.8.0 (September 21, 2024) 4.7.5 (March 14, 2024) 4.7.4 (January 12, 2024) 4.7.3 (January 3, 2024) 4.7.2 (August 2, 2023) 4.7.1 (June 28, 2023) 4.7.0 (June 22, 2023) 4.6.2 (May 31, 2023) 4.6.1 (February 20, 2023) 4.6.0 (February 7, 2023) 4.5.4 (November 22, 2022) 4.5.3 (October 15, 2022) 4.5.2 (September 2, 2022) 2.5.0 (June 26, 2022) 4.5.1 (May 17, 2022) 4.5.0 (April 23, 2022) Changelog Version: 4.x On this page Changelog Versioning Policy Socket.IO releases closely follow Semantic Versioning . That means that with a version number x.y.z : when releasing critical bug fixes, we make a patch release by increasing the z number (ex: 1.2.3 to 1.2.4 ). when releasing new features or non-critical fixes, we make a minor release by increasing the y number (ex: 1.2.3 to 1.3.0 ). when releasing breaking changes, we make a major release by increasing the x number (ex: 1.2.3 to 2.0.0 ). Breaking changes Breaking changes are inconvenient for everyone, so we try to minimize the number of major releases. We have had two major breaking changes impacting the Socket.IO protocol over the years: Socket.IO v2 was released in May 2017 Socket.IO v3 was released in November 2020 info Socket.IO v4 (released in March 2021) did not include any update to the Socket.IO protocol (only a couple of breaking changes in the Node.js server API), so it isn't counted here. Reference: Migrating from 3.x to 4.0 Important milestones Aside from the breaking changes listed above, here are the latest important changes in Socket.IO: Version Date Description 4.7.0 June 2023 Support for WebTransport 4.6.0 February 2023 Introduction of Connection state recovery 4.4.0 November 2021 Support for uWebSockets.js 4.1.0 May 2021 Introduction of serverSideEmit() 4.0.0 March 2021 Rewrite to TypeScript Version usage As of June 2024: socket.io package socket.io-client package Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Next 4.8.1 (October 25, 2024) Versioning Policy Breaking changes Important milestones Version usage Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/WebAssembly | WebAssembly | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar WebAssembly Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português (do Brasil) Русский 中文 (简体) 正體中文 (繁體) WebAssembly WebAssembly is a type of code that can be run in modern web browsers. It is a low-level assembly-like language with a compact binary format that runs with near-native performance and provides languages such as C/C++, C# and Rust with a compilation target so that they can run on the web. It is also designed to run alongside JavaScript, allowing both to work together. WebAssembly is designed to complement and run alongside JavaScript — using the WebAssembly JavaScript APIs, you can load WebAssembly modules into a JavaScript app and share functionality between the two. This allows you to take advantage of WebAssembly's performance and power and JavaScript's expressiveness and flexibility in the same app, even if you don't know how to write WebAssembly code. WebAssembly has big implications for the web platform, not only because it provides a way for code written in multiple languages to run on the web at near-native speed, but also because it enables client apps to run on the web that previously could not. And what's even better is that it is being developed as a web standard via the W3C WebAssembly Working Group and Community Group with active participation from all major browser vendors. In this article Guides API reference Example projects Specifications Browser compatibility See also Guides The WebAssembly guides cover topics such as high-level concepts, compiling from different languages, the textual representation of the Wasm binary format, and how to run WebAssembly. WebAssembly concepts Get started by reading the high-level concepts behind WebAssembly — what it is, why it is so useful, how it fits into the web platform (and beyond), and how to use it. Compiling a new C/C++ module to WebAssembly When you've written code in C/C++, you can then compile it into Wasm using a tool like Emscripten . Let's look at how it works. Compiling an existing C module to WebAssembly A core use-case for WebAssembly is to take the existing ecosystem of C libraries and allow developers to use them on the web. Compiling from Rust to WebAssembly If you've written some Rust code, you can compile it into WebAssembly! This tutorial takes you through all you need to know to compile a Rust project to Wasm and use it in an existing web app. Loading and running WebAssembly code After you have a Wasm module, this article covers how to fetch, compile and instantiate it, combining the WebAssembly JavaScript API with the Fetch or XHR APIs. Using the WebAssembly JavaScript API Once you've loaded a Wasm module, you'll want to use it. In this article, we show you how to use WebAssembly via the WebAssembly JavaScript API. Exported WebAssembly functions Exported WebAssembly functions are the JavaScript reflections of WebAssembly functions, which allow calling WebAssembly code from JavaScript. This article describes what they are. Understanding WebAssembly text format This article explains the Wasm text format. This is the low-level textual representation of a Wasm module shown in browser developer tools when debugging. Converting WebAssembly text format to Wasm This article provides a guide on how to convert a WebAssembly module written in text format into a Wasm binary. API reference WebAssembly instruction reference Reference documentation with interactive samples for the set of WebAssembly operators. WebAssembly JavaScript interface This object acts as the namespace for all WebAssembly-related functionality. WebAssembly.Global() A WebAssembly.Global object represents a global variable instance, accessible from both JavaScript and importable/exportable across one or more WebAssembly.Module instances. This allows dynamic linking of multiple modules. WebAssembly.Module() A WebAssembly.Module object contains stateless WebAssembly code that has already been compiled by the browser and can be efficiently shared with Workers , and instantiated multiple times. WebAssembly.Instance() A WebAssembly.Instance object is a stateful, executable instance of a Module . Instance objects contain all the Exported WebAssembly functions that allow calling into WebAssembly code from JavaScript. WebAssembly.compile() The WebAssembly.compile() function compiles WebAssembly binary code into a WebAssembly.Module object. WebAssembly.compileStreaming() The WebAssembly.compileStreaming() function compiles a WebAssembly.Module directly from a streamed underlying source. WebAssembly.instantiate() The WebAssembly.instantiate() function allows you to compile and instantiate WebAssembly code. WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming() The WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming() function is the primary API for compiling and instantiating WebAssembly code, returning both a Module and its first Instance . WebAssembly.validate() The WebAssembly.validate() function validates a given typed array of WebAssembly binary code. WebAssembly.Memory() A WebAssembly.Memory object is a resizable ArrayBuffer that holds the raw bytes of memory accessed by an Instance . WebAssembly.Table() A WebAssembly.Table object is a resizable typed array of opaque values, like function references, that are accessed by an Instance . WebAssembly.Tag() The WebAssembly.Tag object defines a type of WebAssembly exception that can be thrown to/from WebAssembly code. WebAssembly.Exception() The WebAssembly.Exception object represents a runtime exception thrown from WebAssembly to JavaScript, or thrown from JavaScript to a WebAssembly exception handler. WebAssembly.CompileError() Creates a new WebAssembly CompileError object. WebAssembly.LinkError() Creates a new WebAssembly LinkError object. WebAssembly.RuntimeError() Creates a new WebAssembly RuntimeError object. Example projects WASMSobel See our webassembly-examples repo for a number of other examples. Specifications Specification WebAssembly JavaScript Interface # webassembly-namespace WebAssembly JavaScript Interface # ref-for-syntax-numtype①⓪ WebAssembly JavaScript Interface # dom-globaldescriptor-mutable Unknown specification Unknown specification Unknown specification Unknown specification Unknown specification Unknown specification Unknown specification Unknown specification Unknown specification Unknown specification Unknown specification WebAssembly Core: Garbage Collection # garbage-collection① Browser compatibility webassembly.api Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.BigInt-to-i64-integration Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.bulk-memory-operations Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.exception-handling Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.extended-constant-expressions Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.fixed-width-SIMD Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.garbage-collection Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.multiMemory Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.multi-value Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.mutable-globals Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.non-trapping-float-to-int-conversions Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.reference-types Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.sign-extension-operations Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.tail-calls Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. webassembly.threads-and-atomics Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. See also WebAssembly on Mozilla Research webassembly.org WebAssembly articles on Mozilla Hacks blog W3C WebAssembly Community Group Emscripting a C Library to Wasm Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Jun 7, 2025 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar WebAssembly Guides WebAssembly concepts Compiling from C/C++ to WebAssembly Compiling an existing C module to WebAssembly Compiling from Rust to WebAssembly Using the WebAssembly JavaScript API Understanding WebAssembly text format Converting WebAssembly text format Loading and running WebAssembly code Exported WebAssembly functions JavaScript builtins Imported global string constants Reference JavaScript interface WebAssembly WebAssembly .compile() WebAssembly .compileStreaming() WebAssembly .instantiate() WebAssembly .instantiateStreaming() WebAssembly .validate() WebAssembly .Module WebAssembly .Module .customSections() WebAssembly .Module .exports() WebAssembly .Module .imports() WebAssembly .Module() constructor WebAssembly .Global WebAssembly .Global() constructor WebAssembly .Instance WebAssembly .Instance .prototype .exports WebAssembly .Instance() constructor WebAssembly .Memory WebAssembly .Memory .prototype .buffer WebAssembly .Memory .prototype .grow() WebAssembly .Memory() constructor WebAssembly .Table WebAssembly .Table .prototype .get() WebAssembly .Table .prototype .grow() WebAssembly .Table .prototype .length WebAssembly .Table .prototype .set() WebAssembly .Table() constructor WebAssembly .Tag WebAssembly .Tag .prototype .type() WebAssembly .Tag() constructor WebAssembly .Exception WebAssembly .Exception constructor WebAssembly .Exception .prototype .getArg() WebAssembly .Exception .prototype .is() WebAssembly .Exception .prototype .stack Non-standard WebAssembly .CompileError WebAssembly .CompileError() constructor WebAssembly .LinkError WebAssembly .LinkError() constructor WebAssembly .RuntimeError WebAssembly .RuntimeError() constructor Instructions Control flow block br br_if br_table call drop end if...else loop nop return select unreachable Memory copy fill grow load size store Numeric abs add and ceil clz const convert copysign ctz demote div eq extend floor ge gt le lt max min mul ne nearest neg or popcnt promote reinterpret rem rotl rotr shl shr sqrt sub trunc (to float) trunc (to int) wrap xor Variables global global.get global.set local local.get local.set local.tee Your blueprint for a better internet. 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https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/developer/api-keys | API Keys and Secrets - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection Developer Resources Overview Updates and Versioning Versioning and Support Policy SDK Changelog Authentication API Keys and Secrets Service Token Best Practices for Key & Token Management MCP Overview BETA Quickstart Tool List Building with LLMs Security Security SDKs and APIs SDKs Management API REST API Postman Collection Features Validate Trigger Payload Type Safety Testing Testing the Template Test Mode Monitoring and Logging Logs Data Out Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation Authentication API Keys and Secrets Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Authentication API Keys and Secrets OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Learn the different authentication methods available in SuprSend and how to securely integrate them into your application. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT SuprSend supports three authentication methods : Workspace Key & Secret → Used to authenticate requests from Backend SDKs . API Keys → Used to authenticate REST APIs as Bearer <API_KEY> . Public Key & Signing Key → Used to authenticate Client SDKs (with enhanced security options). All keys and secrets are unique per workspace. This is done to keep your testing and production workspace separate and safeguards against accidentally sending wrong notification to your production users during testing. 1. Authenticating Backend SDKs Backend SDKs are authenticated using a Workspace Key and Workspace Secret . To find these credentials: Go to SuprSend Dashboard → Developers → API Keys . The Workspace Key and Secret for the selected workspace are shown at the top. Save this as environment variable in your backend SDK configuration for safekeeping. 2. Authenticating REST API Requests REST API requests are authenticated using API Keys . Pass the API Key in the Authorization header with Bearer scheme: Copy Ask AI Authorization : Bearer <API_KEY> Content-Type : application/json To find these credentials: Navigate to Dashboard → Developers → API Keys . Click Generate API Key . Provide a name and select Create and Save . Copy the API Key and store it securely — it will be shown only once at generation. API Keys are confidential and are shown only once at generation. We recommend keeping them in your environment variables or secure vault to avoid accidental exposure. 3. Authenticating Client-side SDKs Client SDKs (Web/Mobile) use Public Keys for authentication. You can manage these in Dashboard → Developers → API Keys → Public Keys. Generate new keys or rotate/delete existing ones. For Production workspaces, Public Keys alone are insecure. Enable Enhanced Security Mode, which requires a Signed User Token (JWT) from your backend. 📘 Some legacy mobile SDKs may still use Workspace Key/Secret. These are being phased out. Enhanced Security Mode with signed User Token When enhanced security mode is on, user level authentication is performed for all requests. This is recommended for Production workspaces. All requests will be rejected by SuprSend if enhanced security mode is on and signed user token is not provided. This signed user token should be generated by your backend application and should be passed to your client. 1 Generate Signing Key You can generate Signing key from SuprSend Dashboard (below Public Keys section in API Keys page). Once signing key is generated it won’t be shown again, so copy and store it securely. It contains 2 formats: Base64 format: This is single line text, suitable for storing as an environment variable. PEM format: This is multiline text format string. You can use any of the above format. This key will be used as secret to generate JWT token as shown in below step. 2 Creating Signed User JWT Token This should be created on your backend application only. You will need to sign the JWT token with the signing key from above step and expose this JWT token to your Frontend application. JWT Algorithm: ES256 JWT Secret: Signing key in PEM format generated in step1. If you are using Base64 format, it should be converted in to PEM format. JWT Payload: Payload Copy Ask AI { "entity_type" : 'subscriber' , // hardcode this value to subscriber "entity_id" : your_distinct_id , // replace this with your actual distinct id "exp" : 1725814228 , // token expiry timestamp in seconds "iat" : 1725814228 // token issued timestamp in seconds. "scope" : { "tenant_id" : "string" } } SuprSend requests will be scoped to tenant. If tenant passed by you in SDK doesn’t match with the JWT payload scope tenant_id then requests will throw 403 error. If tenant_id is not passed, it is assumed to be default tenant. Currently only Inbox requests supports scope, later on we will extend it to preferences and other requests. Create JWT token using above information: Node Copy Ask AI import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken' ; const payload = { entity_type: 'subscriber' , entity_id: "johndoe" , exp: 1725814228 }; const secret = 'your PEM format signing key' ; // if base64 signing key format is used use below code to convert to PEM format. const secret = Buffer . from ( 'your_base64_signingKey' , 'base64' ). toString ( 'utf-8' ) const signedUserToken = jwt . sign ( payload , secret ,{ algorithm: 'ES256' }) 3 Using signed user token in client After creating user token on backend send it to your Frontend application to be used in SuprSend SDK as user token. Javascript Copy Ask AI import SuprSend from '@suprsend/web-sdk' ; const suprSendClient = new SuprSend ( publicApiKey : string ); const authResponse = await suprSendClient . identify ( user . id , user . userToken ); Token expiry handling To handle cases of token expiry our client SDK’s have Refresh User Token callback as parameter in identify method which gets called to get new user token when existing token is expired. Javascript Copy Ask AI const authResponse = await suprSendClient . identify ( user . id , user . userToken , { refreshUserToken : ( oldUserToken , tokenPayload ) => { //.... write your logic to get new token by making API call to your server... // return new token }}); Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Service Token Learn how to authenticate Management API requests using Service Tokens in SuprSend. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page 1. Authenticating Backend SDKs 2. Authenticating REST API Requests 3. Authenticating Client-side SDKs Enhanced Security Mode with signed User Token Token expiry handling | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://www.datawrapper.de/ | Datawrapper: Create charts, maps, and tables Skip to main content Datawrapper logo Features Open Features dropdown Learn Open Learn dropdown Pricing Contact Sign in Sign in Create better charts, maps, and tables with ease. Design and publish high-quality data visualizations with a single, powerful web app. Start creating You can try it, no account needed. Create better charts, maps, and tables with ease. Design and publish high-quality data visualizations with a single, powerful web app. And publish your visualizations anywhere. Embed your visualizations on any platform, in any format . From websites to presentations, printed publications, and more. Mobile Web PowerPoint Print Make sure your visualizations always look their best. Datawrapper helps you to design great visualizations. From the first step to the final publication. 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Learn more Collaborate seamlessly with others Work together on the same visualization. With real-time collaboration right inside the editor, and comments for quick reviews and feedback. Learn more Access your team’s charts, maps, and tables in one place. Set up folders and workflows that reflect the way your team works. Accessible from anywhere by everyone on the team. Learn more Keep your organization in sync Split work into multiple, separate teams. Define custom settings on a team-by-team basis, or define a shared setup for your entire organization. Learn more Stay secure and compliant. Stay secure and compliant with single-sign-on, centralized account management, and self-hosting options. Learn more Have we met before? Almost certainly. Even if you’ve never heard of Datawrapper, we’re sure you’ve seen visualizations created with it. 2023 ParkScore for D.C. Axios Tesla's post-election gains disappear Deutsche Welle The latest on the active Los Angeles wildfires The Washington Post Living Conditions in Syria: Raqqa Compared to Other Regions (Dec 2013-Nov 2014) New America The Magnificent Seven Monitor Reuters Medicaid Finances Nearly One Fifth of Health Care Spending KFF Seit Jahresanfang gingen 781 Windräder ans Netz DIE ZEIT 2023 ParkScore for D.C. Axios Tesla's post-election gains disappear Deutsche Welle The latest on the active Los Angeles wildfires The Washington Post Living Conditions in Syria: Raqqa Compared to Other Regions (Dec 2013-Nov 2014) New America The Magnificent Seven Monitor Reuters Medicaid Finances Nearly One Fifth of Health Care Spending KFF Seit Jahresanfang gingen 781 Windräder ans Netz DIE ZEIT Average daily surface air temperature for Europe Copernicus Average Confidence in Major U.S. Institutions, by Party, 1979-2025 Gallup COVID-19 cases county by county Associated Press How these coaches landed on the hot seat The New York Times Effect on Average Tariff Rate, by Tariff Type Tax Policy Center Death of originality The Times Hochzeitskulisse: Orte, die bei der Hochzeit von Lauren Sánchez und Jeff Bezos eine Rolle spielen DER SPIEGEL Average daily surface air temperature for Europe Copernicus Average Confidence in Major U.S. Institutions, by Party, 1979-2025 Gallup COVID-19 cases county by county Associated Press How these coaches landed on the hot seat The New York Times Effect on Average Tariff Rate, by Tariff Type Tax Policy Center Death of originality The Times Hochzeitskulisse: Orte, die bei der Hochzeit von Lauren Sánchez und Jeff Bezos eine Rolle spielen DER SPIEGEL Average daily surface air temperature for Europe Copernicus Living Conditions in Syria: Raqqa Compared to Other Regions (Dec 2013-Nov 2014) New America How these coaches landed on the hot seat The New York Times Seit Jahresanfang gingen 781 Windräder ans Netz DIE ZEIT Average daily surface air temperature for Europe Copernicus Living Conditions in Syria: Raqqa Compared to Other Regions (Dec 2013-Nov 2014) New America How these coaches landed on the hot seat The New York Times Seit Jahresanfang gingen 781 Windräder ans Netz DIE ZEIT 2023 ParkScore for D.C. Axios Tesla's post-election gains disappear Deutsche Welle The latest on the active Los Angeles wildfires The Washington Post The Magnificent Seven Monitor Reuters Medicaid Finances Nearly One Fifth of Health Care Spending KFF 2023 ParkScore for D.C. Axios Tesla's post-election gains disappear Deutsche Welle The latest on the active Los Angeles wildfires The Washington Post The Magnificent Seven Monitor Reuters Medicaid Finances Nearly One Fifth of Health Care Spending KFF COVID-19 cases county by county Associated Press Effect on Average Tariff Rate, by Tariff Type Tax Policy Center Average Confidence in Major U.S. Institutions, by Party, 1979-2025 Gallup Death of originality The Times Hochzeitskulisse: Orte, die bei der Hochzeit von Lauren Sánchez und Jeff Bezos eine Rolle spielen DER SPIEGEL COVID-19 cases county by county Associated Press Effect on Average Tariff Rate, by Tariff Type Tax Policy Center Average Confidence in Major U.S. Institutions, by Party, 1979-2025 Gallup Death of originality The Times Hochzeitskulisse: Orte, die bei der Hochzeit von Lauren Sánchez und Jeff Bezos eine Rolle spielen DER SPIEGEL Average daily surface air temperature for Europe Copernicus Tesla's post-election gains disappear Deutsche Welle Seit Jahresanfang gingen 781 Windräder ans Netz DIE ZEIT Average daily surface air temperature for Europe Copernicus Tesla's post-election gains disappear Deutsche Welle Seit Jahresanfang gingen 781 Windräder ans Netz DIE ZEIT 2023 ParkScore for D.C. Axios How these coaches landed on the hot seat The New York Times The Magnificent Seven Monitor Reuters Medicaid Finances Nearly One Fifth of Health Care Spending KFF 2023 ParkScore for D.C. Axios How these coaches landed on the hot seat The New York Times The Magnificent Seven Monitor Reuters Medicaid Finances Nearly One Fifth of Health Care Spending KFF The latest on the active Los Angeles wildfires The Washington Post Living Conditions in Syria: Raqqa Compared to Other Regions (Dec 2013-Nov 2014) New America Hochzeitskulisse: Orte, die bei der Hochzeit von Lauren Sánchez und Jeff Bezos eine Rolle spielen DER SPIEGEL The latest on the active Los Angeles wildfires The Washington Post Living Conditions in Syria: Raqqa Compared to Other Regions (Dec 2013-Nov 2014) New America Hochzeitskulisse: Orte, die bei der Hochzeit von Lauren Sánchez und Jeff Bezos eine Rolle spielen DER SPIEGEL COVID-19 cases county by county Associated Press Effect on Average Tariff Rate, by Tariff Type Tax Policy Center Average Confidence in Major U.S. Institutions, by Party, 1979-2025 Gallup Death of originality The Times COVID-19 cases county by county Associated Press Effect on Average Tariff Rate, by Tariff Type Tax Policy Center Average Confidence in Major U.S. Institutions, by Party, 1979-2025 Gallup Death of originality The Times Trusted by teams at Discover all features Learn about everything Datawrapper has to offer to help you create professional and beautiful charts, maps, and tables. 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https://socket.io/docs/v4/pm2/ | Usage with PM2 | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Adapters Advanced Namespaces Custom parser Admin UI Usage with PM2 Load testing Performance tuning Migrations Miscellaneous Advanced Usage with PM2 Version: 4.x On this page Usage with PM2 PM2 is a production process manager for Node.js applications with a built-in load balancer. It allows you to keep applications alive forever, to reload them without downtime and to facilitate common system admin tasks. You can find its documentation here: https://pm2.keymetrics.io/docs/usage/pm2-doc-single-page/ To scale a Socket.IO server with PM2, there are three solutions: disable HTTP long-polling on the client-side const socket = io ( { transports : [ "websocket" ] } ) ; Though in that case, there will be no fallback to HTTP long-polling if the WebSocket connection cannot be established. use a distinct port for each worker, and a load-balancer like nginx in front of them use @socket.io/pm2 Installation npm install -g @socket.io/pm2 If pm2 is already installed, you will have to remove it first: npm remove -g pm2 @socket.io/pm2 can be used as a drop-in replacement for pm2 , and supports all the commands of the class pm2 utility. The only difference comes from this commit . Usage worker.js const { createServer } = require ( "http" ) ; const { Server } = require ( "socket.io" ) ; const { createAdapter } = require ( "@socket.io/cluster-adapter" ) ; const { setupWorker } = require ( "@socket.io/sticky" ) ; const httpServer = createServer ( ) ; const io = new Server ( httpServer ) ; io . adapter ( createAdapter ( ) ) ; setupWorker ( io ) ; io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { console . log ( ` connect ${ socket . id } ` ) ; } ) ; ecosystem.config.js module . exports = { apps : [ { script : "worker.js" , instances : "max" , exec_mode : "cluster" } ] } And then run pm2 start ecosystem.config.js (or pm2 start worker.js -i 0 ). That's it! You can now reach the Socket.IO cluster on port 8080. How it works When scaling to multiple nodes , there are two things to do: enable sticky sessions, so that the HTTP requests of a Socket.IO session are routed to the same worker use a custom adapter, so that the packets are broadcast to all clients, even if they are connected to another worker In order to achieve this, @socket.io/pm2 includes two additional packages: @socket.io/sticky @socket.io/cluster-adapter The only difference with pm2 comes from this commit : the God process now creates its own HTTP server and routes the HTTP requests to the right worker the God process also relays the packets between the workers, so that io.emit() correctly reaches all clients Please note that if you have several hosts each running a PM2 cluster, you will have to use another adapter, like the Redis adapter . The source code of the fork can be found here . We will try to closely follow the releases of the pm2 package. Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous Admin UI Next Load testing Installation Usage How it works Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/docs/v4/broadcasting-events/#with-acknowledgements | Broadcasting events | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Emitting events Listening to events Broadcasting events Rooms Adapters Advanced Migrations Miscellaneous Events Broadcasting events Version: 4.x On this page Broadcasting events Socket.IO makes it easy to send events to all the connected clients. info Please note that broadcasting is a server-only feature. To all connected clients io . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; caution Clients that are currently disconnected (or in the process of reconnecting) won't receive the event. Storing this event somewhere (in a database, for example) is up to you, depending on your use case. To all connected clients except the sender io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . broadcast . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; } ) ; note In the example above, using socket.emit("hello", "world") (without broadcast flag) would send the event to "client A". You can find the list of all the ways to send an event in the cheatsheet . With acknowledgements Starting with Socket.IO 4.5.0, you can now broadcast an event to multiple clients and expect an acknowledgement from each one of them: io . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { if ( err ) { // some clients did not acknowledge the event in the given delay } else { console . log ( responses ) ; // one response per client } } ) ; All broadcasting forms are supported: in a room io . to ( "room123" ) . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; from a specific socket socket . broadcast . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; in a namespace io . of ( "/the-namespace" ) . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; With multiple Socket.IO servers Broadcasting also works with multiple Socket.IO servers. You just need to replace the default adapter by the Redis Adapter or another compatible adapter . In certain cases, you may want to only broadcast to clients that are connected to the current server. You can achieve this with the local flag: io . local . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; In order to target specific clients when broadcasting, please see the documentation about Rooms . Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous Listening to events Next Rooms To all connected clients To all connected clients except the sender With acknowledgements With multiple Socket.IO servers Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/docs/v4/broadcasting-events/ | Broadcasting events | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Emitting events Listening to events Broadcasting events Rooms Adapters Advanced Migrations Miscellaneous Events Broadcasting events Version: 4.x On this page Broadcasting events Socket.IO makes it easy to send events to all the connected clients. info Please note that broadcasting is a server-only feature. To all connected clients io . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; caution Clients that are currently disconnected (or in the process of reconnecting) won't receive the event. Storing this event somewhere (in a database, for example) is up to you, depending on your use case. To all connected clients except the sender io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . broadcast . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; } ) ; note In the example above, using socket.emit("hello", "world") (without broadcast flag) would send the event to "client A". You can find the list of all the ways to send an event in the cheatsheet . With acknowledgements Starting with Socket.IO 4.5.0, you can now broadcast an event to multiple clients and expect an acknowledgement from each one of them: io . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { if ( err ) { // some clients did not acknowledge the event in the given delay } else { console . log ( responses ) ; // one response per client } } ) ; All broadcasting forms are supported: in a room io . to ( "room123" ) . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; from a specific socket socket . broadcast . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; in a namespace io . of ( "/the-namespace" ) . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; With multiple Socket.IO servers Broadcasting also works with multiple Socket.IO servers. You just need to replace the default adapter by the Redis Adapter or another compatible adapter . In certain cases, you may want to only broadcast to clients that are connected to the current server. You can achieve this with the local flag: io . local . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; In order to target specific clients when broadcasting, please see the documentation about Rooms . Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous Listening to events Next Rooms To all connected clients To all connected clients except the sender With acknowledgements With multiple Socket.IO servers Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://socket.io/docs/v4/broadcasting-events/#to-all-connected-clients | Broadcasting events | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Emitting events Listening to events Broadcasting events Rooms Adapters Advanced Migrations Miscellaneous Events Broadcasting events Version: 4.x On this page Broadcasting events Socket.IO makes it easy to send events to all the connected clients. info Please note that broadcasting is a server-only feature. To all connected clients io . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; caution Clients that are currently disconnected (or in the process of reconnecting) won't receive the event. Storing this event somewhere (in a database, for example) is up to you, depending on your use case. To all connected clients except the sender io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . broadcast . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; } ) ; note In the example above, using socket.emit("hello", "world") (without broadcast flag) would send the event to "client A". You can find the list of all the ways to send an event in the cheatsheet . With acknowledgements Starting with Socket.IO 4.5.0, you can now broadcast an event to multiple clients and expect an acknowledgement from each one of them: io . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { if ( err ) { // some clients did not acknowledge the event in the given delay } else { console . log ( responses ) ; // one response per client } } ) ; All broadcasting forms are supported: in a room io . to ( "room123" ) . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; from a specific socket socket . broadcast . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; in a namespace io . of ( "/the-namespace" ) . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; With multiple Socket.IO servers Broadcasting also works with multiple Socket.IO servers. You just need to replace the default adapter by the Redis Adapter or another compatible adapter . In certain cases, you may want to only broadcast to clients that are connected to the current server. You can achieve this with the local flag: io . local . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; In order to target specific clients when broadcasting, please see the documentation about Rooms . Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous Listening to events Next Rooms To all connected clients To all connected clients except the sender With acknowledgements With multiple Socket.IO servers Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/docs/v4/ | Introduction | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Introduction How it works Delivery guarantees Connection state recovery Logging and debugging Testing Troubleshooting TypeScript Memory usage Server Client Events Adapters Advanced Migrations Miscellaneous Documentation Introduction Version: 4.x On this page Introduction tip If you are new to Socket.IO, we recommend checking out our tutorial . What Socket.IO is Socket.IO is a library that enables low-latency , bidirectional and event-based communication between a client and a server. The Socket.IO connection can be established with different low-level transports: HTTP long-polling WebSocket WebTransport Socket.IO will automatically pick the best available option, depending on: the capabilities of the browser (see here and here ) the network (some networks block WebSocket and/or WebTransport connections) You can find more details about that in the "How it works" section . Server implementations Language Website JavaScript (Node.js) - Installation steps - API - Source code JavaScript (Deno) https://github.com/socketio/socket.io-deno Java https://github.com/mrniko/netty-socketio Java https://github.com/trinopoty/socket.io-server-java Python https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/python-socketio Golang https://github.com/googollee/go-socket.io Rust https://github.com/Totodore/socketioxide Client implementations Language Website JavaScript (browser, Node.js or React Native) - Installation steps - API - Source code JavaScript (for WeChat Mini-Programs) https://github.com/weapp-socketio/weapp.socket.io Java https://github.com/socketio/socket.io-client-java C++ https://github.com/socketio/socket.io-client-cpp Swift https://github.com/socketio/socket.io-client-swift Dart https://github.com/rikulo/socket.io-client-dart Python https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/python-socketio .Net https://github.com/doghappy/socket.io-client-csharp Rust https://github.com/1c3t3a/rust-socketio Kotlin https://github.com/icerockdev/moko-socket-io PHP https://github.com/ElephantIO/elephant.io Golang https://github.com/maldikhan/go.socket.io What Socket.IO is not caution Socket.IO is NOT a WebSocket implementation. Although Socket.IO indeed uses WebSocket for transport when possible, it adds additional metadata to each packet. That is why a WebSocket client will not be able to successfully connect to a Socket.IO server, and a Socket.IO client will not be able to connect to a plain WebSocket server either. // WARNING: the client will NOT be able to connect! const socket = io ( "ws://echo.websocket.org" ) ; If you are looking for a plain WebSocket server, please take a look at ws or µWebSockets.js . There are also discussions for including a WebSocket server in the Node.js core. On the client-side, you might be interested in the robust-websocket package. caution Socket.IO is not meant to be used in a background service for mobile applications. The Socket.IO library keeps an open TCP connection to the server, which may result in a high battery drain for your users. Please use a dedicated messaging platform like FCM for this use case. Features Here are the features provided by Socket.IO over plain WebSockets: HTTP long-polling fallback The connection will fall back to HTTP long-polling in case the WebSocket connection cannot be established. This feature was the #1 reason people used Socket.IO when the project was created more than ten years ago (!), as the browser support for WebSockets was still in its infancy. Even if most browsers now support WebSockets (more than 97% ), it is still a great feature as we still receive reports from users that cannot establish a WebSocket connection because they are behind some misconfigured proxy. Automatic reconnection Under some particular conditions, the WebSocket connection between the server and the client can be interrupted with both sides being unaware of the broken state of the link. That's why Socket.IO includes a heartbeat mechanism, which periodically checks the status of the connection. And when the client eventually gets disconnected, it automatically reconnects with an exponential back-off delay, in order not to overwhelm the server. Packet buffering The packets are automatically buffered when the client is disconnected, and will be sent upon reconnection. More information here . Acknowledgements Socket.IO provides a convenient way to send an event and receive a response: Sender socket . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( response ) => { console . log ( response ) ; // "got it" } ) ; Receiver socket . on ( "hello" , ( arg , callback ) => { console . log ( arg ) ; // "world" callback ( "got it" ) ; } ) ; You can also add a timeout: socket . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , response ) => { if ( err ) { // the other side did not acknowledge the event in the given delay } else { console . log ( response ) ; // "got it" } } ) ; Broadcasting On the server-side, you can send an event to all connected clients or to a subset of clients : // to all connected clients io . emit ( "hello" ) ; // to all connected clients in the "news" room io . to ( "news" ) . emit ( "hello" ) ; This also works when scaling to multiple nodes . Multiplexing Namespaces allow you to split the logic of your application over a single shared connection. This can be useful for example if you want to create an "admin" channel that only authorized users can join. io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { // classic users } ) ; io . of ( "/admin" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { // admin users } ) ; More on that here . Common questions Is Socket.IO still needed today? That's a fair question, since WebSockets are supported almost everywhere now. That being said, we believe that, if you use plain WebSockets for your application, you will eventually need to implement most of the features that are already included (and battle-tested) in Socket.IO, like reconnection , acknowledgements or broadcasting . What is the overhead of the Socket.IO protocol? socket.emit("hello", "world") will be sent as a single WebSocket frame containing 42["hello","world"] with: 4 being Engine.IO "message" packet type 2 being Socket.IO "message" packet type ["hello","world"] being the JSON.stringify() -ed version of the arguments array So, a few additional bytes for each message, which can be further reduced by the usage of a custom parser . info The size of the browser bundle itself is 10.4 kB (minified and gzipped). You can find the details of the Socket.IO protocol here . Something does not work properly, please help? Please check our Troubleshooting guide . Next steps Get started example Server installation Client installation Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Next How it works What Socket.IO is Server implementations Client implementations What Socket.IO is not Features HTTP long-polling fallback Automatic reconnection Packet buffering Acknowledgements Broadcasting Multiplexing Common questions Is Socket.IO still needed today? What is the overhead of the Socket.IO protocol? Something does not work properly, please help? Next steps Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/docs/v4/broadcasting-events/#__docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback | Broadcasting events | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Emitting events Listening to events Broadcasting events Rooms Adapters Advanced Migrations Miscellaneous Events Broadcasting events Version: 4.x On this page Broadcasting events Socket.IO makes it easy to send events to all the connected clients. info Please note that broadcasting is a server-only feature. To all connected clients io . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; caution Clients that are currently disconnected (or in the process of reconnecting) won't receive the event. Storing this event somewhere (in a database, for example) is up to you, depending on your use case. To all connected clients except the sender io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . broadcast . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; } ) ; note In the example above, using socket.emit("hello", "world") (without broadcast flag) would send the event to "client A". You can find the list of all the ways to send an event in the cheatsheet . With acknowledgements Starting with Socket.IO 4.5.0, you can now broadcast an event to multiple clients and expect an acknowledgement from each one of them: io . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { if ( err ) { // some clients did not acknowledge the event in the given delay } else { console . log ( responses ) ; // one response per client } } ) ; All broadcasting forms are supported: in a room io . to ( "room123" ) . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; from a specific socket socket . broadcast . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; in a namespace io . of ( "/the-namespace" ) . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; With multiple Socket.IO servers Broadcasting also works with multiple Socket.IO servers. You just need to replace the default adapter by the Redis Adapter or another compatible adapter . In certain cases, you may want to only broadcast to clients that are connected to the current server. You can achieve this with the local flag: io . local . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; In order to target specific clients when broadcasting, please see the documentation about Rooms . Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous Listening to events Next Rooms To all connected clients To all connected clients except the sender With acknowledgements With multiple Socket.IO servers Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/docs/v4/performance-tuning/ | Performance tuning | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Adapters Advanced Namespaces Custom parser Admin UI Usage with PM2 Load testing Performance tuning Migrations Miscellaneous Advanced Performance tuning Version: 4.x On this page Performance tuning Here are some tips to improve the performance of your Socket.IO server: at the Socket.IO level at the OS level You might also be interested in scaling to multiple nodes . At the Socket.IO level Since, in most cases, the Socket.IO connection will be established with WebSocket, the performance of your Socket.IO server will be strongly linked to the performance of the underlying WebSocket server ( ws , by default). Install ws native add-ons ws comes with two optional binary add-ons which improve certain operations. Prebuilt binaries are available for the most popular platforms so you don't necessarily need to have a C++ compiler installed on your machine. bufferutil : Allows to efficiently perform operations such as masking and unmasking the data payload of the WebSocket frames. utf-8-validate : Allows to efficiently check if a message contains valid UTF-8 as required by the spec. To install those packages: $ npm install --save-optional bufferutil utf-8-validate Please note that these packages are optional, the WebSocket server will fallback to the Javascript implementation if they are not available. More information can be found here . Use another WebSocket server implementation For example, you can use the eiows package, which is a fork of the (now deprecated) uws package: $ npm install eiows And then use the wsEngine option: const { createServer } = require ( "http" ) ; const { Server } = require ( "socket.io" ) ; const httpServer = createServer ( ) ; const io = new Server ( httpServer , { wsEngine : require ( "eiows" ) . Server } ) ; Use a custom parser If you send binary data over the Socket.IO connection, using a custom parser like the one based on msgpack might be interesting, as by default each buffer will be sent in its own WebSocket frame. Usage: Server const { createServer } = require ( "http" ) ; const { Server } = require ( "socket.io" ) ; const parser = require ( "socket.io-msgpack-parser" ) ; const httpServer = createServer ( ) ; const io = new Server ( httpServer , { parser } ) ; Client const { io } = require ( "socket.io-client" ) ; const parser = require ( "socket.io-msgpack-parser" ) ; const socket = io ( "https://example.com" , { parser } ) ; Discard the initial HTTP request By default, a reference to the first HTTP request of each session is kept in memory. This reference is needed when working with express-session for example (see here ), but can be discarded to save memory: io . engine . on ( "connection" , ( rawSocket ) => { rawSocket . request = null ; } ) ; Before: After: At the OS level There are lots of good articles on how to tune your OS to accept a large number of connections. Please see this one for example. While load testing your Socket.IO server, you will likely reach the two following limits: maximum number of open files If you can't go over 1000 concurrent connections (new clients are not able to connect), you have most certainly reached the maximum number of open files: $ ulimit -n 1024 To increase this number, create a new file /etc/security/limits.d/custom.conf with the following content (requires root privileges): * soft nofile 1048576 * hard nofile 1048576 And then reload your session. Your new limit should now be updated: $ ulimit -n 1048576 maximum number of available local ports If you can't go over 28000 concurrent connections, you have most certainly reached the maximum number of available local ports: $ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range 32768 60999 To increase this number, create a new file /etc/sysctl.d/net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range.conf with the following content (again, requires root privileges): net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10000 65535 Note: we used 10000 as a lower bound so it does not include the ports that are used by the services on the machine (like 5432 for a PostgreSQL server), but you can totally use a lower value (down to 1024 ). Once you reboot your machine, you will now be able to happily go to 55k concurrent connections (per incoming IP). See also: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/130798 Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous Load testing Next Migrating from 2.x to 3.0 At the Socket.IO level Install ws native add-ons Use another WebSocket server implementation Use a custom parser Discard the initial HTTP request At the OS level Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/docs/v4/faq/ | FAQ | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Adapters Advanced Migrations Miscellaneous FAQ Glossary The Engine.IO protocol The Socket.IO protocol Miscellaneous FAQ Version: 4.x On this page FAQ Here is a list of common questions about Socket.IO: Something does not work properly, please help? How does it work under the hood? What are the features provided by Socket.IO over plain WebSocket? What is WebTransport? Does Socket.IO store the messages? What are the delivery guarantees of Socket.IO? How to identify a given user? Where can I find the changelog? Something does not work properly, please help? Please check the Troubleshooting guide . How does it work under the hood? The Socket.IO connection can be established with different low-level transports: HTTP long-polling WebSocket WebTransport Socket.IO will automatically pick the best available option, depending on: the capabilities of the browser (see here and here ) the network (some networks block WebSocket and/or WebTransport connections) You can find more detail about that in the "How it works" section . What are the features provided by Socket.IO over plain WebSocket? WebSockets are awesome! No, really. They provide an efficient way for transferring data between a client and a server. Among the advantages: you don't need to rely on periodic polling to fetch data from the server you don't need to repeatedly send all the HTTP headers when sending data to the server Which make them perfect for low-latency and data-intensive applications like games, chats, collaborative solutions... That being said, WebSockets are also pretty low-level and developing a realtime applications with WebSockets often requires an additional layer over them: fallback to HTTP long-polling, in case the WebSocket connection can't be established automatic reconnection, in case the WebSocket connection gets closed acknowledgements, to send some data and expect a response from the other side broadcast to all or to a subset of connected clients scale up to multiple instances of the server connection recovery, for short periods of disconnection As you might have guessed, this additional layer is implemented by the Socket.IO library. What is WebTransport? In short, WebTransport is an alternative to WebSocket which fixes several performance issues that plague WebSockets like head-of-line blocking . If you want more information about this new web API (which was included in Chrome in January 2022 and in Firefox in June 2023), please check those links: https://w3c.github.io/webtransport/ https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebTransport https://developer.chrome.com/articles/webtransport/ note Support for WebTransport is not enabled by default in Socket.IO, as it requires a secure context (HTTPS). Please check the dedicated tutorial if you want to play with WebTransport. Does Socket.IO store the messages? The Socket.IO server does not store any message. It is the duty of your application to persist those messages somewhere for the clients that are not currently connected. tip That being said, Socket.IO will store the messages for a brief period of time if you enable the Connection state recovery feature . What are the delivery guarantees of Socket.IO? Socket.IO does guarantee message ordering , no matter which low-level transport is used (even when switching between two transports). Moreover, by default Socket.IO provides an at most once guarantee of delivery (also known as "fire and forget"), which means that under certain circumstances a message might get lost and no retry will be attempted. More information about this here . How to identify a given user? There is no concept of user in Socket.IO. It is the duty of your application to link a given Socket.IO connection to a user account. For Node.js applications, you can for example: reuse the user context provided by Passport (check this tutorial ) or use the auth option on the client side to send the user credentials and validate them in a middleware Where can I find the changelog? Please see here . Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous Migrating from 3.x to 4.0 Next Glossary Something does not work properly, please help? How does it work under the hood? What are the features provided by Socket.IO over plain WebSocket? What is WebTransport? Does Socket.IO store the messages? What are the delivery guarantees of Socket.IO? How to identify a given user? Where can I find the changelog? Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/docs/v4/middlewares/ | Middlewares | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Installation Initialization The Server instance The Socket instance Middlewares Behind a reverse proxy Using multiple nodes Handling CORS Application structure Usage with bundlers Client Events Adapters Advanced Migrations Miscellaneous Server Middlewares Version: 4.x On this page Middlewares A middleware function is a function that gets executed for every incoming connection. Middleware functions can be useful for: logging authentication / authorization rate limiting Note: this function will be executed only once per connection (even if the connection consists in multiple HTTP requests). info If you are looking for Express middlewares, please check this section . Registering a middleware A middleware function has access to the Socket instance and to the next registered middleware function. io . use ( ( socket , next ) => { if ( isValid ( socket . request ) ) { next ( ) ; } else { next ( new Error ( "invalid" ) ) ; } } ) ; You can register several middleware functions, and they will be executed sequentially: io . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) ; } ) ; io . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( new Error ( "thou shall not pass" ) ) ; } ) ; io . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // not executed, since the previous middleware has returned an error next ( ) ; } ) ; Please make sure to call next() in any case. Otherwise, the connection will be left hanging until it is closed after a given timeout. Important note : the Socket instance is not actually connected when the middleware gets executed, which means that no disconnect event will be emitted if the connection eventually fails. For example, if the client manually closes the connection: // server-side io . use ( ( socket , next ) => { setTimeout ( ( ) => { // next is called after the client disconnection next ( ) ; } , 1000 ) ; socket . on ( "disconnect" , ( ) => { // not triggered } ) ; } ) ; io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { // not triggered } ) ; // client-side const socket = io ( ) ; setTimeout ( ( ) => { socket . disconnect ( ) ; } , 500 ) ; Sending credentials The client can send credentials with the auth option: // plain object const socket = io ( { auth : { token : "abc" } } ) ; // or with a function const socket = io ( { auth : ( cb ) => { cb ( { token : "abc" } ) ; } } ) ; Those credentials can be accessed in the handshake object on the server-side: io . use ( ( socket , next ) => { const token = socket . handshake . auth . token ; // ... } ) ; Handling middleware error If the next method is called with an Error object, the connection will be refused and the client will receive an connect_error event. // client-side socket . on ( "connect_error" , ( err ) => { console . log ( err . message ) ; // prints the message associated with the error } ) ; You can attach additional details to the Error object: // server-side io . use ( ( socket , next ) => { const err = new Error ( "not authorized" ) ; err . data = { content : "Please retry later" } ; // additional details next ( err ) ; } ) ; // client-side socket . on ( "connect_error" , ( err ) => { console . log ( err instanceof Error ) ; // true console . log ( err . message ) ; // not authorized console . log ( err . data ) ; // { content: "Please retry later" } } ) ; Compatibility with Express middleware Since they are not bound to a usual HTTP request/response cycle, Socket.IO middlewares are not really compatible with Express middlewares . That being said, starting with version 4.6.0 , Express middlewares are now supported by the underlying engine: io . engine . use ( ( req , res , next ) => { // do something next ( ) ; } ) ; The middlewares will be called for each incoming HTTP requests, including upgrade requests. Example with express-session : import session from "express-session" ; io . engine . use ( session ( { secret : "keyboard cat" , resave : false , saveUninitialized : true , cookie : { secure : true } } ) ) ; Example with helmet : import helmet from "helmet" ; io . engine . use ( helmet ( ) ) ; If the middleware must be only applied to the handshake request (and not for each HTTP request), you can check for the existence of the sid query parameter. Example with passport-jwt : io . engine . use ( ( req , res , next ) => { const isHandshake = req . _query . sid === undefined ; if ( isHandshake ) { passport . authenticate ( "jwt" , { session : false } ) ( req , res , next ) ; } else { next ( ) ; } } ) ; Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous The Socket instance Next Behind a reverse proxy Registering a middleware Sending credentials Handling middleware error Compatibility with Express middleware Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/fr/docs/v4/namespaces/ | Namespaces | Socket.IO Aller au contenu principal Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Exemples Emit cheatsheet API côté serveur API côté client Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Devenir un sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog Français English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Chercher Socket.IO Documentation Serveur Client Evènements Adapteurs Avancé Namespaces Custom parser Admin UI Usage with PM2 Load testing Performance tuning Migrations Divers Avancé Namespaces Version: 4.x Sur cette page Namespaces A Namespace is a communication channel that allows you to split the logic of your application over a single shared connection (also called "multiplexing"). Introduction Each namespace has its own: event handlers io . of ( "/orders" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( "order:list" , ( ) => { } ) ; socket . on ( "order:create" , ( ) => { } ) ; } ) ; io . of ( "/users" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( "user:list" , ( ) => { } ) ; } ) ; rooms const orderNamespace = io . of ( "/orders" ) ; orderNamespace . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . join ( "room1" ) ; orderNamespace . to ( "room1" ) . emit ( "hello" ) ; } ) ; const userNamespace = io . of ( "/users" ) ; userNamespace . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . join ( "room1" ) ; // distinct from the room in the "orders" namespace userNamespace . to ( "room1" ) . emit ( "holà" ) ; } ) ; middlewares const orderNamespace = io . of ( "/orders" ) ; orderNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // ensure the socket has access to the "orders" namespace, and then next ( ) ; } ) ; const userNamespace = io . of ( "/users" ) ; userNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // ensure the socket has access to the "users" namespace, and then next ( ) ; } ) ; Possible use cases: you want to create a special namespace that only authorized users have access to, so the logic related to those users is separated from the rest of the application const adminNamespace = io . of ( "/admin" ) ; adminNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // ensure the user has sufficient rights next ( ) ; } ) ; adminNamespace . on ( "connection" , socket => { socket . on ( "delete user" , ( ) => { // ... } ) ; } ) ; your application has multiple tenants so you want to dynamically create one namespace per tenant const workspaces = io . of ( / ^\/\w+$ / ) ; workspaces . on ( "connection" , socket => { const workspace = socket . nsp ; workspace . emit ( "hello" ) ; } ) ; Main namespace Until now, you interacted with the main namespace, called / . The io instance inherits all of its methods: io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { } ) ; io . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) } ) ; io . emit ( "hello" ) ; // are actually equivalent to io . of ( "/" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { } ) ; io . of ( "/" ) . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) } ) ; io . of ( "/" ) . emit ( "hello" ) ; Some tutorials may also mention io.sockets , it's simply an alias for io.of("/") . io . sockets === io . of ( "/" ) Custom namespaces To set up a custom namespace, you can call the of function on the server-side: const nsp = io . of ( "/my-namespace" ) ; nsp . on ( "connection" , socket => { console . log ( "someone connected" ) ; } ) ; nsp . emit ( "hi" , "everyone!" ) ; Client initialization Same-origin version: const socket = io ( ) ; // or io("/"), the main namespace const orderSocket = io ( "/orders" ) ; // the "orders" namespace const userSocket = io ( "/users" ) ; // the "users" namespace Cross-origin/Node.js version: const socket = io ( "https://example.com" ) ; // or io("https://example.com/"), the main namespace const orderSocket = io ( "https://example.com/orders" ) ; // the "orders" namespace const userSocket = io ( "https://example.com/users" ) ; // the "users" namespace In the example above, only one WebSocket connection will be established, and the packets will automatically be routed to the right namespace. Please note that multiplexing will be disabled in the following cases: multiple creation for the same namespace const socket1 = io ( ) ; const socket2 = io ( ) ; // no multiplexing, two distinct WebSocket connections different domains const socket1 = io ( "https://first.example.com" ) ; const socket2 = io ( "https://second.example.com" ) ; // no multiplexing, two distinct WebSocket connections usage of the forceNew option const socket1 = io ( ) ; const socket2 = io ( "/admin" , { forceNew : true } ) ; // no multiplexing, two distinct WebSocket connections Dynamic namespaces It is also possible to dynamically create namespaces, either with a regular expression: io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) ; or with a function: io . of ( ( name , auth , next ) => { next ( null , true ) ; // or false, when the creation is denied } ) ; You can have access to the new namespace in the connection event: io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { const namespace = socket . nsp ; } ) ; The return value of the of() method is what we call the parent namespace, from which you can: register middlewares const parentNamespace = io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) ; parentNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) } ) ; The middleware will automatically be registered on each child namespace. broadcast events const parentNamespace = io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) ; parentNamespace . emit ( "hello" ) ; // will be sent to users in /dynamic-1, /dynamic-2, ... attention Existing namespaces have priority over dynamic namespaces. For example: // register "dynamic-101" namespace io . of ( "/dynamic-101" ) ; io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { // will not be called for a connection on the "dynamic-101" namespace } ) ; Complete API The complete API exposed by the Namespace instance can be found here . Éditer cette page Dernière mise à jour le 15 nov. 2025 Précédent Azure Service Bus adapter Suivant Custom parser Introduction Main namespace Custom namespaces Client initialization Dynamic namespaces Complete API Documentation Guide Tutorial Exemples API côté serveur API côté client Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Devenir un sponsor Copyright © 2022 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/es/docs/v4/broadcasting-events/ | Transmitir eventos | Socket.IO Ir al contenido principal Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Documentación Guía Tutorial Ejemplos Hoja de referencia de emisión API del Servidor API del Cliente Ecosistema Help Solución de problemas Stack Overflow Discusiones de GitHub Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Interfaz de Administración Acerca de Preguntas frecuentes Registro de cambios Hoja de ruta Conviértete en patrocinador 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog Español English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Buscar Socket.IO Documentación Servidor Cliente Eventos Emitir eventos Escuchar eventos Transmitir eventos Salas Adaptadores Avanzado Migraciones Miscelánea Eventos Transmitir eventos Versión: 4.x En esta página Transmitir eventos Socket.IO facilita el envío de eventos a todos los clientes conectados. información Por favor nota que la transmisión (broadcasting) es una característica solo del servidor . A todos los clientes conectados io . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; precaución Los clientes que están actualmente desconectados (o en proceso de reconexión) no recibirán el evento. Almacenar este evento en algún lugar (en una base de datos, por ejemplo) depende de ti, según tu caso de uso. A todos los clientes conectados excepto el emisor io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . broadcast . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; } ) ; nota En el ejemplo anterior, usar socket.emit("hello", "world") (sin la bandera broadcast ) enviaría el evento al "cliente A". Puedes encontrar la lista de todas las formas de enviar un evento en la hoja de referencia . Con acknowledgements A partir de Socket.IO 4.5.0, ahora puedes transmitir un evento a múltiples clientes y esperar un acknowledgement de cada uno de ellos: io . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { if ( err ) { // algunos clientes no confirmaron el evento en el tiempo dado } else { console . log ( responses ) ; // una respuesta por cliente } } ) ; Todas las formas de transmisión son soportadas: en una sala io . to ( "room123" ) . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; desde un socket específico socket . broadcast . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; en un namespace io . of ( "/the-namespace" ) . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "hello" , "world" , ( err , responses ) => { // ... } ) ; Con múltiples servidores Socket.IO La transmisión también funciona con múltiples servidores Socket.IO. Solo necesitas reemplazar el adaptador predeterminado por el Adaptador Redis u otro adaptador compatible . En ciertos casos, podrías querer transmitir solo a clientes que están conectados al servidor actual. Puedes lograr esto con la bandera local : io . local . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; Para dirigirse a clientes específicos al transmitir, por favor consulta la documentación sobre Salas . Editar esta página Última actualización el 17 dic 2025 Anterior Escuchar eventos Siguiente Salas A todos los clientes conectados A todos los clientes conectados excepto el emisor Con acknowledgements Con múltiples servidores Socket.IO Documentación Guía Tutorial Ejemplos API del Servidor API del Cliente Ayuda Solución de problemas Stack Overflow Discusiones de GitHub Slack Noticias Blog Twitter Herramientas CDN Interfaz de Administración Acerca de Preguntas frecuentes Registro de cambios Hoja de ruta Conviértete en patrocinador Copyright © 2025 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/react-sdk#installation | SDK Integration - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection Developer Resources Overview Updates and Versioning Versioning and Support Policy SDK Changelog Authentication API Keys and Secrets Service Token Best Practices for Key & Token Management MCP Overview BETA Quickstart Tool List Building with LLMs Security Security SDKs and APIs SDKs SDK Overview SuprSend Backend SDK SuprSend Client SDK Authentication Javascript Android iOS React Native Flutter React SDK Integration WebPush Preferences Events and User methods InApp Feed Management API REST API Postman Collection Features Validate Trigger Payload Type Safety Testing Testing the Template Test Mode Monitoring and Logging Logs Data Out Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation React SDK Integration Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog React SDK Integration OpenAI Open in ChatGPT SDK Integration to enable SuprSend features like Inbox, Preferences, and Webpush into React-based web applications. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Installation We support 2 SDK’s for react based applications. @suprsend/react-core : This provides context providers and hooks to integrate SuprSend in to your application. If you want to use web-push, user methods, track events or implement your own UI for preferences and inbox by using provided methods, this library is better option. If you want to use any of inbuilt components for inbox or preferences then use @suprsend/react . @suprsend/react : This library is built on top of @suprsend/react-core , so all hooks, context providers and methods that are present in @suprsend/react-core library are also present in this, with addition to that drop-in components like Inbox, NotificationsFeed, Preferences etc are available which comes with UI to ease integration. npm yarn Copy Ask AI npm install @ suprsend / react Integration SuprSendProvider This context provider need to be wrapper around your component in which you want to use SuprSend methods. This is responsible for creating client instance( new SuprSend() ), identify and reset user. You can access the SuprSend client instance using useSuprSendClient hook. This instance contains all methods needed to integrate preferences, webpush, track events and user methods. Example.js TypeDef Copy Ask AI import { SuprSendProvider } from '@suprsend/react' ; function Example () { return ( < SuprSendProvider publicApiKey = { YOUR_KEY } distinctId = { YOUR_DISTINCT_ID } > < MyComponent /> </ SuprSendProvider > ); } Parameter Description publicApiKey public API Key is mandatory field without which error will be thrown by SuprSendProvider. You can get this from SuprSend Dashboard . distinctId Unique identifier to identify a user across platform. If a value is passed SDK will create user and authenticate user. If null value is passed authenticated user’s instance data will be cleared in your application, kind of logout. userToken Mandatory when enhanced security mode is on. This is ES256 JWT token generated in your server-side. Refer docs to create userToken. refreshUserToken This function is called by SDK internally to get new userToken before existing token is expired. The returned JWT token string is used as the new userToken. userAuthenticationHandler This callback will be called after authenticating user internally when you pass distinctId field to give you back the response of user creation API call. host Customise the host url. vapidKey This key is needed only if you are implementing WebPush notifications. You can get it in SuprSend Dashboard —> Vendors —> WebPush swFileName This key is needed only if you are implementing WebPush notifications and want to customise default serviceworker.js file name with your own service worker file name. After implementing the above SuprSendProvider you can be able to use all SuprSend features. useSuprSendClient This hook is used to access internal SuprSend client instance which has all methods related to webpush, preferences, user methods and track event. Use this hook inside child of SuprSendProvider. Example.js Copy Ask AI import { SuprSendProvider , useSuprSendClient } from "@suprsend/react" function Example () { return ( < SuprSendProvider publicApiKey = { YOUR_KEY } distinctId = { YOUR_DISTINCT_ID } > < MyComponent /> </ SuprSendProvider > ); } function MyComponent () { const suprSendClient = useSuprSendClient (); return ( < p onClick = { () => { // suprSendClient.track('testing'); // suprSendClient.user.setEmail(' [email protected] ') // suprSendClient.webpush.registerPush() // suprSendClient.user.preferences.getPreferences() } } > Click Me </ p > ); } useAuthenticateUser This hook is used to get authenticated user anywhere in your application inside SuprSendProvider. This can also be used to check if user is authenticated before calling any method of SuprSend. Example.js Copy Ask AI import { useAuthenticateUser } from '@suprsend/react' ; function MyComponent () { const { authenticatedUser } = useAuthenticateUser (); useEffect (() => { if ( authenticatedUser ) { console . log ( 'User is authenticated' , authenticatedUser ); } }, [ authenticatedUser ]); return < p > Hello world </ p > ; } Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous WebPush Integration steps of webpush in react application. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Installation Integration SuprSendProvider useSuprSendClient useAuthenticateUser | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API | File System API - Web APIs | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web Web APIs File System API Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Español Français 日本語 한국어 Русский 中文 (简体) File System API Secure context: This feature is available only in secure contexts (HTTPS), in some or all supporting browsers . Note: This feature is available in Web Workers . The File System API — with extensions provided via the File System Access API to access files on the device file system — allows read, write and file management capabilities. See Relationship to other file-related APIs for a comparison between this API, the File and Directory Entries API , and the File API . In this article Concepts and Usage Interfaces Examples Specifications Browser compatibility See also Concepts and Usage This API allows interaction with files on a user's local device, or on a user-accessible network file system. Core functionality of this API includes reading files, writing or saving files, and access to directory structure. Most of the interaction with files and directories is accomplished through handles. A parent FileSystemHandle class helps define two child classes: FileSystemFileHandle and FileSystemDirectoryHandle , for files and directories respectively. The handles represent a file or directory on the user's system. You can first gain access to them by showing the user a file or directory picker using methods such as window.showOpenFilePicker() and window.showDirectoryPicker() . Once these are called, the file picker presents itself and the user selects either a file or directory. Once this happens successfully, a handle is returned. You can also gain access to file handles via: The DataTransferItem.getAsFileSystemHandle() method of the HTML Drag and Drop API . The File Handling API . Each handle provides its own functionality and there are a few differences depending on which one you are using (see the interfaces section for specific details). You then can access file data, or information (including children) of the directory selected. This API opens up potential functionality the web has been lacking. Still, security has been of utmost concern when designing the API, and access to file/directory data is disallowed unless the user specifically permits it (note that this is not the case with the Origin private file system , because it is not visible to the user). Note: The different exceptions that can be thrown when using the features of this API are listed on relevant pages as defined in the spec. However, the situation is made more complex by the interaction of the API and the underlying operating system. A proposal has been made to list the error mappings in the spec , which includes useful related information. Note: Objects based on FileSystemHandle can also be serialized into an IndexedDB database instance, or transferred via postMessage() . Origin private file system The origin private file system (OPFS) is a storage endpoint provided as part of the File System API, which is private to the origin of the page and not visible to the user like the regular file system. It provides access to a special kind of file that is highly optimized for performance and offers in-place write access to its content. The following are some possible use cases: Apps with persistent uploader When a file or directory is selected for upload, you can copy the file into a local sandbox and upload a chunk at a time. The app can restart uploads after an interruption, such as the browser being closed or crashing, connectivity getting interrupted, or the computer getting shut down. Video game or other apps with lots of media assets The app downloads one or several large tarballs and expands them locally into a directory structure. The app pre-fetches assets in the background, so the user can go to the next task or game level without waiting for a download. Audio or photo editor with offline access or local cache (great for performance and speed) The app can write to files in place (for example, overwriting just the ID3/EXIF tags and not the entire file). Offline video viewer The app can download large files (>1GB) for later viewing. The app can access partially downloaded files (so that you can watch the first chapter of your DVD, even if the app is still downloading the rest of the content or if the app didn't complete the download because you had to run to catch a train). Offline web mail client The client downloads attachments and stores them locally. The client caches attachments for later upload. Read our Origin private file system for instructions on how to use it. Saving files In the case of the asynchronous handles, use the FileSystemWritableFileStream interface. Once the data you'd like to save is in a format of Blob , String object, string literal or buffer , you can open a stream and save the data to a file. This can be the existing file or a new file. In the case of the synchronous FileSystemSyncAccessHandle , you write changes to a file using the write() method. You can optionally also call flush() if you need the changes committed to disk at a specific time (otherwise you can leave the underlying operating system to handle this when it sees fit, which should be OK in most cases). Interfaces FileSystemChangeRecord Experimental Contains details of a single change observed by a FileSystemObserver . FileSystemHandle An object which represents a file or directory entry. Multiple handles can represent the same entry. For the most part you do not work with FileSystemHandle directly but rather its child interfaces FileSystemFileHandle and FileSystemDirectoryHandle . FileSystemFileHandle Provides a handle to a file system entry. FileSystemDirectoryHandle Provides a handle to a file system directory. FileSystemObserver Experimental Provides a mechanism to observe changes to selected files or directories. FileSystemSyncAccessHandle Provides a synchronous handle to a file system entry, which operates in-place on a single file on disk. The synchronous nature of the file reads and writes allows for higher performance for critical methods in contexts where asynchronous operations come with high overhead, e.g., WebAssembly . This class is only accessible inside dedicated Web Workers for files within the origin private file system . FileSystemWritableFileStream A WritableStream object with additional convenience methods, which operates on a single file on disk. Extensions to other interfaces Window.showDirectoryPicker() Displays a directory picker which allows the user to select a directory. Window.showOpenFilePicker() Shows a file picker that allows a user to select a file or multiple files. Window.showSaveFilePicker() Shows a file picker that allows a user to save a file. DataTransferItem.getAsFileSystemHandle() Returns a Promise that fulfills with a FileSystemFileHandle if the dragged item is a file, or fulfills with a FileSystemDirectoryHandle if the dragged item is a directory. StorageManager.getDirectory() Used to obtain a reference to a FileSystemDirectoryHandle object allowing access to a directory and its contents, stored in the origin private file system . Returns a Promise that fulfills with a FileSystemDirectoryHandle object. Examples Accessing files The below code allows the user to choose a file from the file picker. js async function getFile() { // Open file picker and destructure the result the first handle const [fileHandle] = await window.showOpenFilePicker(); const file = await fileHandle.getFile(); return file; } The following asynchronous function presents a file picker and once a file is chosen, uses the getFile() method to retrieve the contents. js const pickerOpts = { types: [ { description: "Images", accept: { "image/*": [".png", ".gif", ".jpeg", ".jpg"], }, }, ], excludeAcceptAllOption: true, multiple: false, }; async function getTheFile() { // Open file picker and destructure the result the first handle const [fileHandle] = await window.showOpenFilePicker(pickerOpts); // get file contents const fileData = await fileHandle.getFile(); } Accessing directories The following example returns a directory handle with the specified name. If the directory does not exist, it is created. js const dirName = "directoryToGetName"; // assuming we have a directory handle: 'currentDirHandle' const subDir = await currentDirHandle.getDirectoryHandle(dirName, { create: true, }); The following asynchronous function uses resolve() to find the path to a chosen file, relative to a specified directory handle. js async function returnPathDirectories(directoryHandle) { // Get a file handle by showing a file picker: const [handle] = await self.showOpenFilePicker(); if (!handle) { // User cancelled, or otherwise failed to open a file. return; } // Check if handle exists inside our directory handle const relativePaths = await directoryHandle.resolve(handle); if (relativePaths === null) { // Not inside directory handle } else { // relativePaths is an array of names, giving the relative path for (const name of relativePaths) { // log each entry console.log(name); } } } Writing to files The following asynchronous function opens the save file picker, which returns a FileSystemFileHandle once a file is selected. A writable stream is then created using the FileSystemFileHandle.createWritable() method. A user defined Blob is then written to the stream which is subsequently closed. js async function saveFile() { // create a new handle const newHandle = await window.showSaveFilePicker(); // create a FileSystemWritableFileStream to write to const writableStream = await newHandle.createWritable(); // write our file await writableStream.write(imgBlob); // close the file and write the contents to disk. await writableStream.close(); } The following show different examples of options that can be passed into the write() method. js // just pass in the data (no options) writableStream.write(data); // writes the data to the stream from the determined position writableStream.write({ type: "write", position, data }); // updates the current file cursor offset to the position specified writableStream.write({ type: "seek", position }); // resizes the file to be size bytes long writableStream.write({ type: "truncate", size }); Synchronously reading and writing files in OPFS This example synchronously reads and writes a file to the origin private file system . The following asynchronous event handler function is contained inside a Web Worker. On receiving a message from the main thread it: Creates a synchronous file access handle. Gets the size of the file and creates an ArrayBuffer to contain it. Reads the file contents into the buffer. Encodes the message and writes it to the end of the file. Persists the changes to disk and closes the access handle. js onmessage = async (e) => { // retrieve message sent to work from main script const message = e.data; // Get handle to draft file in OPFS const root = await navigator.storage.getDirectory(); const draftHandle = await root.getFileHandle("draft.txt", { create: true }); // Get sync access handle const accessHandle = await draftHandle.createSyncAccessHandle(); // Get size of the file. const fileSize = accessHandle.getSize(); // Read file content to a buffer. const buffer = new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(fileSize)); const readBuffer = accessHandle.read(buffer, { at: 0 }); // Write the message to the end of the file. const encoder = new TextEncoder(); const encodedMessage = encoder.encode(message); const writeBuffer = accessHandle.write(encodedMessage, { at: readBuffer }); // Persist changes to disk. accessHandle.flush(); // Always close FileSystemSyncAccessHandle if done. accessHandle.close(); }; Note: In earlier versions of the spec, close() , flush() , getSize() , and truncate() were unergonomically specified as asynchronous methods. This has now been amended , but some browsers still support the asynchronous versions. Specifications Specification File System File System Access Browser compatibility api.FileSystemHandle Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. api.FileSystemFileHandle Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. api.FileSystemDirectoryHandle Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. api.FileSystemWritableFileStream Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. api.FileSystemSyncAccessHandle Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. See also The File System Access API: simplifying access to local files The origin private file system Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Oct 20, 2025 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar File System API Guides Origin private file system Interfaces FileSystemChangeRecord FileSystemHandle FileSystemFileHandle FileSystemDirectoryHandle FileSystemObserver Experimental Non-standard FileSystemSyncAccessHandle FileSystemWritableFileStream Methods Window .showOpenFilePicker() Experimental Window .showSaveFilePicker() Experimental Window .showDirectoryPicker() Experimental DataTransferItem .getAsFileSystemHandle() Experimental StorageManager .getDirectory() Your blueprint for a better internet. MDN About Blog Mozilla careers Advertise with us MDN Plus Product help Contribute MDN Community Community resources Writing guidelines MDN Discord MDN on GitHub Developers Web technologies Learn web development Guides Tutorials Glossary Hacks blog Website Privacy Notice Telemetry Settings Legal Community Participation Guidelines Visit Mozilla Corporation’s not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation . Portions of this content are ©1998–2026 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Content available under a Creative Commons license . | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/get-started/ | Get started | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search tip If you are new to Socket.IO, we recommend checking out our tutorial . Examples Title Description Socket.IO with WebTransport Let's test the support for WebTransport added in version 4.7.0 . A basic CRUD project Let's create a classic CRUD ( C reate- R ead- U pdate- D elete) application with Socket.IO. We'll introduce acknowledgements and the ability to broadcast events. Private messaging A slightly more complex chat application, introducing middlewares and rooms features. Sample projects Chat platform Front-end frameworks React React Native Vue 3 Next.js Nuxt NW.js How to... deal with cookies use with pkg use with express-session check the latency of the Socket.IO connection upload a file register a global middleware build a basic Socket.IO client implement a subscription model handle EADDRINUSE errors use with Passport.js use with JWT use with Postman get the IP address of the client count the number of connected clients count the number of connected users disconnect a specific client Examples Sample projects Front-end frameworks How to... Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/visualstudio/?p=228244 | Accessibility Improvements in Visual Studio 2019 for Mac - Visual Studio Blog Skip to main content Microsoft Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Home Developer Microsoft for Developers Visual Studio Visual Studio Code Develop from the cloud All things Azure Xcode DevOps Windows Developer ISE Developer Azure SDK Command Line Aspire Technology DirectX Semantic Kernel Languages C++ C# F# TypeScript PowerShell Team Python Java Java Blog in Chinese Go .NET All .NET posts .NET Aspire .NET MAUI AI ASP.NET Core Blazor Entity Framework NuGet Servicing .NET Blog in Chinese Platform Development #ifdef Windows Microsoft Foundry Azure Government Azure VM Runtime Team Bing Dev Center Microsoft Edge Dev Microsoft Azure Microsoft 365 Developer Microsoft Entra Identity Developer Old New Thing Power Platform Data Development Azure Cosmos DB Azure Data Studio Azure SQL OData Revolutions R Unified Data Model (IDEAs) Microsoft Entra PowerShell More Search Search No results Cancel Dev Blogs Visual Studio Blog Accessibility Improvements in Visual Studio 2019 for Mac February 10th, 2020 0 reactions Accessibility Improvements in Visual Studio 2019 for Mac Václav Vančura Senior Designer, Visual Studio for Mac Show more Visual Studio for Mac is retired Visual Studio for Mac was retired on August 31, 2024 in accordance with Microsoft's Modern Lifecycle Policy . While you can continue to work with Visual Studio for Mac, there are several other options for developers on Mac such as the preview version of the new C# Dev Kit extension for VS Code. Learn more about support timelines and alternatives. The release of Visual Studio 2019 for Mac version 8.4.4 includes numerous developments in the color representation of icons, and to warning and error status messages. The new appearance is easy to spot, and the new color palette is highly noticeable. Let me explain why these changes were necessary, and what exactly was changed. Currently, more than 1 billion people experience some form of disability. There are various types of obstacles people must live with – mobility, cognitive, neural, speech, and hearing. But let’s talk about our visual accessibility enhancements, and what you can experience in the most recent versions of Visual Studio for Mac. The World Health Organization calculated that approximately 200 million people currently live with some form of vision impairment. Our goal is for Visual Studio for Mac to be accessible to everyone. We must make sure that we deliver the best user interface experience to every user, whether they are visually impaired or not. There are many visual accessibility issues users may suffer from: low vision, color or total blindness, cataracts. Even such a common thing as sun glare could be a problem when using an application UI. One of the methods to empower visually impaired users to interact with applications more effectively is through color accessibility. One of the fundamental ways for us to deliver an accessible UI is to boost the contrast ratio threshold of all interactive content – primarily text and icons. On a Mac, the background-to-text contrast ratio must be at least 3:1, and at least 4.5:1 in High Contrast mode. We’ll talk more about later in the blog post. Another essential requirement here is that we shouldn’t display information differences with just a color shift, such as a status change between an inactive and active icon. Similarly, no information should rely only on color to show its severity. That means elements such as error or warning messages should not use only the background color to communicate their status. We need something more: for example, a highly visible error or warning symbol. In older versions of Visual Studio for Mac, there were numerous instances where we showed a status difference using just a color. Now, we use a more distinctive rendering of activated, disabled and stopped icons, not relying solely only on color. We’ve eliminated those sorts of situations in the interest of greater visual clarity. High Contrast Mode On a Mac, you can toggle the setting for High Contrast Mode by visiting Accessibility Preferences in System Preferences and clicking the Increase Contrast checkbox: High Contrast Mode increases the color contrast of the whole system’s UI. Controls begin to use strokes and more easily visible shapes and labels. The colors are adjusted to appear more vibrant, and the difference in brightness between the foreground and the background is much more noticeable. Unfortunately, not all applications on our desktops support High Contrast Mode. Native macOS controls provide High Contrast rendering for free, but it’s up to developers to update their custom controls. Some parts of the Visual Studio for Mac shell are heavily customized, so we still have some way to go. Of course, using new colors and icons isn’t the only way to improve accessibility. We also wanted to ensure we enhance the experience for users of screen readers and to make sure keyboard shortcuts are available everywhere. We have many more improvements we’ll talk about, and others we’ll introduce soon. For now, we’ll focus on the new color palette and improved icon set, new features that are currently visible to every Visual Studio for Mac user. New Color Palette Our old Visual Studio for Mac color palette, which was created many years ago, used contrast ratios that were too low, especially in the light IDE theme. Hence, it was finally time for us to update on this front. You can see a comparison between our old and new palettes below, with contrast ratios between the background and foreground. The old palette had two variants: one for the light and one for the dark IDE theme. As you can see above, the old palette suffered from many problems, especially the color contrast ratio of light-theme warning icons, which was less than ideal. Yellow on white or light gray is extremely difficult for anyone to see. The new palette fixes all these issues and is also simpler, with better semantic meaning of the color groups. Plus, it’s ready for High Contrast Mode. Improved Icons We always had tons of icons in Visual Studio for Mac. By the time we released the changes detailed in this post, there were 1142 icons. Most of the icons came in four flavors: two for light and dark theme, and two for selected states (usually white-only glyph, displayed on the top of the system-wide accent color). We had all these a second time because we needed icons available for standard and high DPI (@2x) resolutions. Now, we have twice as many icons, and it was a gigantic job. Every one had to be checked for accessibility issues as described above, converted to the new palette, duplicated, and repainted using the new High Contrast palette. That means we’re not just introducing new High Contrast icons; we’re also improving all our already existing ones. At this very moment Visual Studio for Mac uses 13704 icon files. Some icons needed to be redrawn or adjusted, as they relied solely on color to show differences, such as the difference between normal and active states: New Warning and Error Colors We also took this opportunity to change colors of warning- and error-related messages Visual Studio for Mac shows. You’ll notice this most with light theme warning text, which was previously brighter than ideal and potentially challenging to read. We now have new colors for error popovers, with a better appearance in general and when in High Contrast Mode: Helpful to Everybody The changes described above aim to make the UI of Visual Studio for Mac easier for all developers to use. Now we have not only highly readable icons for visually-impaired users, but our already established standard icon set sports new, more prominent contrast in colors as well – helping the users with no accessibility demands at all. In any case, we still have much work ahead of us, but we’re getting better every day. If you have feedback on these changes, please let us know by reaching out to us in the comments below. You can also reach out to us on Twitter at @VisualStudioMac . If you run into any issues using Visual Studio for Mac, you can use Report a Problem to notify us. We also welcome your feature suggestions on the Visual Studio Developer Community website. 0 7 67 Share on Facebook Share on X Share on Linkedin Copy Link --> Category Visual Studio Topics Accessibility Visual Studio 2019 for Mac Visual Studio for Mac Share Author Václav Vančura Senior Designer, Visual Studio for Mac Václav is a Senior Designer for Visual Studio For Mac, focusing on the shell design, icons, and overall user interface and experience. He also works on several other Microsoft products: VS IDE, Live Share, and others. Before joining Xamarin and Microsoft, he was a web developer, game designer and coder, Flash engineer and animator, comic book artist, and advertisement illustrator. He's got three kids, a wife, and two cats. 7 comments Discussion is closed. Login to edit/delete existing comments. Code of Conduct Sort by : Newest Newest Popular Oldest J Green --> J Green --> February 21, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> I have a slight red-green colorblindness. It is now more difficult for me to distinguish between the red error icons and brownish warning icons with just a quick glance. Is there a way to revert to the previous palette? The yellow worked perfectly for me. Václav Vančura --> Václav Vančura Author --> February 24, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Thanks for the feedback! We considered the color blindness obstacles, and we had to make some compromises. Before this release, people with color vision deficiencies identified the difference between warning yellow and error red only by recognizing the change in brightness – yellow was way brighter than red. Yet, this particular yellow was too bright for people who need a higher contrast between background and foreground. We were required to increase the background-to-text contrast to be at least 3:1 (and 4.5:1 in the High Contrast mode), but that meant we had to make yellow darker, resulting in the brightness difference against red... Read more Thanks for the feedback! We considered the color blindness obstacles, and we had to make some compromises. Before this release, people with color vision deficiencies identified the difference between warning yellow and error red only by recognizing the change in brightness – yellow was way brighter than red. Yet, this particular yellow was too bright for people who need a higher contrast between background and foreground. We were required to increase the background-to-text contrast to be at least 3:1 (and 4.5:1 in the High Contrast mode), but that meant we had to make yellow darker, resulting in the brightness difference against red being much subtler. We realize that for some people, this design change made it more challenging to distinguish between a warning and an error with a quick glance. We did this to ensure we were hitting minimum contrast requirements. For this reason, it’s imperative that we don’t rely solely on color to show the difference, and that we use highly readable symbols and other visual treatments to help fast parsing of the information. I hope the introduction of new symbols to icons, where we used colors only before, helps with the problem. If you find a detail where we could do a better job, please let us know. We know we can keep improving the experience in Visual Studio for Mac, and we’ll continue to work on accessibility improvements. Thank you for pointing out how these changes affected you. We’ll make sure to use your input to help us moving forward. Read less J Green --> J Green --> February 24, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> I understand why the changes were made and certainly support the effort to make the interface more accessible. Sadly, the chosen colors land exactly on my personal problem. I have no trouble with high value/saturation yellows and reds but the difference between browns and reds are an issue at times. Is it possible to make the icons customizable? Or can they be modified via a Visual Studio extension? I’ve never had to write one before but this has become something of a frustration for me. Dominic Nahous --> Dominic Nahous --> March 4, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Thanks again for the feedback! We’re sorry to hear the changes we implemented are detrimental to your experience. At the moment, there’s no ability to customize or otherwise modify icons via an extension. We’d certainly like to learn more about your issue and whether there’s perhaps something we can do with icon shape/details that would assist you. If you’d like to get in touch, please reach out to me via dominicn at microsoft. com. HÄsh HÄsh --> HÄsh HÄsh --> February 17, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> hello , is there for MacOSX Split ( design and source code ) like in windows ? Dominic Nahous --> Dominic Nahous --> March 18, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> You should be able to access split view for showing a designer and source code in Visual Studio for Mac depending on file/project type. What types of projects are you working on? Linda Sturling Graphic Design --> Linda Sturling Graphic Design --> February 10, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Very good post, Thank you! Read next February 11, 2020 Making our Unity Analyzers Open-Source Jb Evain February 12, 2020 Creating .NET Core global tools on macOS Sayed Ibrahim Hashimi Stay informed Get notified when new posts are published. Email * Country/Region * Select... 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https://socket.io/blog/npm-package-provenance/ | npm package provenance | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Recent posts Bun engine npm package provenance Socket.IO monorepo Three new adapters Chat platform Socket.IO on Azure Redis Streams adapter Socket.IO server for Deno Socket.IO 4.5.0 Socket.IO 4.4.0 npm package provenance July 25, 2024 · 2 min read Damien Arrachequesne Maintainer of Socket.IO Hello everyone! We are happy to announce that Socket.IO packages will now be published with a provenance statement. tip Package provenance is a npm feature which was introduced last year to increase trust in the npm supply chain. The idea is that the package is published and signed from a trusted CI/CD platform (such as GitHub Actions), so the code that ends up in the registry cannot be tampered with. More info: https://github.blog/security/supply-chain-security/introducing-npm-package-provenance/ Starting today, new Socket.IO versions will be published directly from GitHub Actions and no longer from a maintainer machine. The publication workflow can be found here: publish.yml Notes There are a few notable differences from the reference workflow : Workflow trigger The workflow is triggered when pushing a tag to GitHub: on : push : tags : - '**@*' The expected format is <package>@<version> , for example: socket.io@1.2.3 @socket.io/redis-adapter@3.4.5 (hence the ** to match the / char) The <package> part is then used to select the right workspace (since we are using a monorepo ): jobs : publish : steps : # [...] - name : Publish package run : npm publish - - workspace=$ { GITHUB_REF_NAME%@* } - - provenance - - access public env : NODE_AUTH_TOKEN : $ { { secrets.NPM_TOKEN } } Reference: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions Compilation step A TypeScript compilation step is necessary, since some packages depend on the types of other packages: jobs : publish : steps : # [...] - name : Compile each package run : npm run compile - - workspaces - - if - present - name : Publish package # [...] First verified version The latest version of the engine.io-parser package has been released this way. On the npmjs.com website, you can find: the details of the build, at the bottom of the page: a checked badge, in the "Versions" tab You can also verify the attestations of your dependencies: $ npm i socket.io added 22 packages, and audited 23 packages in 853ms found 0 vulnerabilities $ npm audit signatures audited 22 packages in 1s 22 packages have verified registry signatures 1 package has a verified attestation # <-- it's a good start! Conclusion This is a big step forward in increasing trust in the JS ecosystem, congratulations to the npm team! Some big names have already joined the club: axios next vite That's all folks, thanks for reading! Edit this page Newer Post Bun engine Older Post Socket.IO monorepo Notes Workflow trigger Compilation step First verified version Conclusion Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/docs/v4/load-testing/ | Load testing | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Adapters Advanced Namespaces Custom parser Admin UI Usage with PM2 Load testing Performance tuning Migrations Miscellaneous Advanced Load testing Version: 4.x On this page Load testing Since Socket.IO has its own protocol , including handshake, heartbeats and custom packet encoding, the easiest way to load test your Socket.IO server is to use the Socket.IO client library and create a lot of clients. There are two classic solutions to do this: using Artillery or manually manage the clients Artillery Artillery is a great tool for load testing your application. It allows creating connections, sending events and checking acknowledgments. The documentation can be found here . Important note : the default installation comes with a v2 client, which is not compatible with a v3/v4 server. You need to install a custom engine for this: https://github.com/ptejada/artillery-engine-socketio-v3 Installation: $ npm install artillery artillery-engine-socketio-v3 Sample scenario: # my-scenario.yml config : target : "http://localhost:3000" phases : - duration : 60 arrivalRate : 10 engines : socketio-v3 : { } scenarios : - name : My sample scenario engine : socketio - v3 flow : # wait for the WebSocket upgrade (optional) - think : 1 # basic emit - emit : channel : "hello" data : "world" # emit an object - emit : channel : "hello" data : id : 42 status : "in progress" tags : - "tag1" - "tag2" # emit in a custom namespace - namespace : "/my-namespace" emit : channel : "hello" data : "world" # emit with acknowledgement - emit : channel : "ping" acknowledge : match : value : "pong" # do nothing for 30 seconds then disconnect - think : 30 To run this scenario: $ npx artillery run my-scenario.yml Artillery also comes with a lot of awesome features, like the ability to publish the metrics to various endpoints or run the tests from AWS . Its only limitation is that you cannot easily test server-to-client events, as the Artillery DSL is more suited for classic client-to-server communication. Which brings us to our next section . Manual client creation Here's a basic script to create a thousand Socket.IO clients and monitor the number of packets received per second: const { io } = require ( "socket.io-client" ) ; const URL = process . env . URL || "http://localhost:3000" ; const MAX_CLIENTS = 1000 ; const POLLING_PERCENTAGE = 0.05 ; const CLIENT_CREATION_INTERVAL_IN_MS = 10 ; const EMIT_INTERVAL_IN_MS = 1000 ; let clientCount = 0 ; let lastReport = new Date ( ) . getTime ( ) ; let packetsSinceLastReport = 0 ; const createClient = ( ) => { // for demonstration purposes, some clients stay stuck in HTTP long-polling const transports = Math . random ( ) < POLLING_PERCENTAGE ? [ "polling" ] : [ "polling" , "websocket" ] ; const socket = io ( URL , { transports , } ) ; setInterval ( ( ) => { socket . emit ( "client to server event" ) ; } , EMIT_INTERVAL_IN_MS ) ; socket . on ( "server to client event" , ( ) => { packetsSinceLastReport ++ ; } ) ; socket . on ( "disconnect" , ( reason ) => { console . log ( ` disconnect due to ${ reason } ` ) ; } ) ; if ( ++ clientCount < MAX_CLIENTS ) { setTimeout ( createClient , CLIENT_CREATION_INTERVAL_IN_MS ) ; } } ; createClient ( ) ; const printReport = ( ) => { const now = new Date ( ) . getTime ( ) ; const durationSinceLastReport = ( now - lastReport ) / 1000 ; const packetsPerSeconds = ( packetsSinceLastReport / durationSinceLastReport ) . toFixed ( 2 ) ; console . log ( ` client count: ${ clientCount } ; average packets received per second: ${ packetsPerSeconds } ` ) ; packetsSinceLastReport = 0 ; lastReport = now ; } ; setInterval ( printReport , 5000 ) ; You can use it as a starting point for load testing your own application. Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous Usage with PM2 Next Performance tuning Artillery Manual client creation Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/ | MDN Curriculum Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog MDN Curriculum Theme OS default Light Dark MDN Curriculum The essential skillset for new front-end developers The MDN Curriculum provides a structured guide to the essential skills and practices for being a successful front-end developer, along with recommended learning resources. Last updated: February 2024 About the curriculum Beginner's level Self-paced Free Defines the essential skills and knowledge every front-end developer needs for career success and industry relevance. Created by Mozilla and refined with insights from students, educators, and developers from the broader web community. Includes learning resource recommendations covering every curriculum topic, helping you become job-ready. Learn more Learn our curriculum with Scrimba's interactive Frontend Developer Career Path . Modules Getting started 1. Soft skills Develop a great attitude towards learning, researching, and collaborating to enhance your chances of success. Best Practices 2. Environment setup Familiarize yourself with your development environment and the tools you'll use to build websites. Tooling Let's begin Core 1. Web standards Understand how the web works at a high level, and the process for creating web technologies. Web Standards & Semantics 2. Semantic HTML Learn the fundamentals of HTML, the language used to define and structure web content. Web Standards & Semantics 3. CSS fundamentals Dive into the fundamentals of CSS, the language you'll use to style and layout websites. Styling 4. CSS text styling Focus on using CSS to style text and apply custom web fonts. Styling 5. CSS layout Learn modern techniques for creating flexible layouts that work on a wide variety of devices. Styling 6. JavaScript fundamentals Focus on the core JavaScript language and fundamental surrounding topics. Scripting 7. Accessibility Understand the need for universal access to web content and how to write accessible code. Best Practices 8. Design for developers Appreciate basic design theory, how to speak design language, and what makes websites look good. Best Practices 9. Version control Understand why version control is necessary, and use GitHub to store code and collaborate with others. Tooling Let's begin Extensions 1. Transform & animate CSS Add animations to your toolbox to enhance user experience and perceived performance. Web Standards & Semantics 2. Custom JS objects Create custom JavaScript objects to gain a deeper understanding of object-oriented programming. Scripting 3. Web APIs Study common WebAPIs in depth to appreciate how WebAPIs work in general. Scripting 4. Performance Explore how to create performant, fast-loading websites and enhance perceived performance. Best Practices 5. Security and privacy Learn how to protect data from unauthorized access and how to treat user data responsibly. Best Practices 6. Testing Explore the need for testing, and learn how to implement common test types. Best Practices 7. JavaScript frameworks Study the features of popular JavaScript frameworks, and use them to implement common use cases. Tooling 8. CSS tooling Look at popular CSS tooling and understand what code problems they can solve. Tooling 9. Other tooling types Understand the purpose and usage of other tooling types commonly found in a web project. Tooling Let's begin Learn the curriculum with Scrimba and become job ready Scrimba's Frontend Developer Career Path teaches the MDN Curriculum Core with fun interactive lessons and challenges, knowledgeable teachers, and a supportive community. Go from zero to landing your first front-end job! Find out more How can you boost your employability with the MDN Curriculum? Learn about research collaboration and other essential soft skills. Balance between modern tooling and long-term best practices. Get access to high-quality recommended resources. Get guidance from trusted voices. Don't know where to get started? Starting out with coding? Begin with our "Getting started" and "Core" modules to grasp the essential skills for web development. Core modules Beyond the basics? Dive deeper with our "Extensions" modules to develop specialized skills. Extensions modules Seeking employment? 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https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides | CSS guides - CSS | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web CSS Guides Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Français 日本語 中文 (简体) CSS guides This page lists CSS modules, which reflect how CSS specifications are structured. Each module provides an overview of the specification, lists the features it provides (such as properties, at-rules, and data types), and shows how they relate to other parts of CSS and the web platform. You can use the module pages as a starting point to navigate through the related guides and dive deeper into reference documentation for specific features. To access the individual guides within each module, click on a module name from the following list to visit its landing page, or use the sidebar to navigate directly to a topic and discover all related guides. CSS anchor positioning The CSS anchor positioning module defines features that allow you to tether elements together. Certain elements are defined as anchor elements ; anchor-positioned elements can then have their size and position set based on the size and location of the anchor elements to which they are bound. CSS animations The CSS animations module lets you animate the values of CSS properties, such as background-position and transform, over time by using keyframes. Each keyframe describes how the animated element should render at a given time during the animation sequence. You can use the properties in the animations module to control the duration, number of repetitions, delayed start, and other aspects of an animation. CSS backgrounds and borders The CSS backgrounds and borders module provides properties for adding backgrounds, borders, rounded corners, and box shadows to elements. CSS basic user interface The CSS basic user interface module allows you to define the rendering and functionality of features related to the user interface, including outline properties, visual feedback for pointing devices and keyboards, and modifying the default appearance of UI widgets. CSS borders and box decorations The CSS borders and box decorations module provides properties for adding borders, shaped corners, and box shadows to elements. This module extends borders and box decorations introduced in the CSS backgrounds and borders module, adding corner-shape and border-shape properties, logical border-radius properties, longhand properties for the box-shadow property, and properties to create partial borders. CSS box alignment The CSS box alignment module specifies CSS features relating to the alignment of boxes within their containers. It defines the alignment of the various CSS box layout models including block layout, table layout, flexible box layout (flexbox), and grid layout, creating a consistent alignment method across all of CSS. CSS box model The CSS box model module defines the margin and padding properties, which along with the height , width and border properties , make up the CSS box model . CSS box sizing The CSS box sizing module enables you to specify how elements fit their content or fit into a particular layout context. It defines sizing, minimum sizing, and maximum sizing properties, and also extends the CSS sizing properties with keywords that represent content-based intrinsic size and context-based extrinsic size. CSS cascading and inheritance The CSS cascading and inheritance module defines the rules for assigning values to properties by way of cascading and inheritance. This module specifies the rules for finding the specified value for all properties on all elements. CSS color adjustment The CSS color adjustment module provides a model and controls automatic color adjustment by the user agent to handle user preferences, such as "Dark Mode", contrast adjustment, and other color scheme preferences. CSS colors The CSS colors module defines colors, color types, color blending, opacity, and how you can apply these colors and effects to HTML content. CSS compositing and blending The CSS compositing and blending module defines how an element's background layers can be blended together, how an element can be blended with its container, and whether the element must create a new stacking context . CSS conditional rules The CSS conditional rules module defines CSS media and support queries, enabling you to define styles that are only applied if specific conditions are met. The conditional rules defined in this module are based on device, user-agent, and viewport capabilities. With conditional rules, you can target CSS styles based on query values or browser and device features, independent of the document being rendered. CSS containment The CSS containment module defines containment and container queries. CSS counter styles The CSS counter styles module lets you define your own counter styles to manage the appearance of markers in lists and counters in generated content . It also enables you to extend native browser list styles with your own customizations. CSS custom functions and mixins The CSS custom functions and mixins module allows developers to create reusable blocks of CSS code that can accept arguments, contain complex logic (defined using features such as CSS if() functions and @media at-rules), and return values based on that logic. CSS custom highlight API The CSS custom highlight API module provides a programmatic way to target specific ranges of text defined by range objects, without affecting the underlying DOM structure. The range objects can then be selected via ::highlight() pseudo-elements, and have highlight styles added and removed. The features of this module can create highlight effects similar to how text editors highlight spelling or grammar errors, and code editors highlight syntax errors. CSS custom properties for cascading variables The CSS custom properties for cascading variables module adds support for cascading variables in CSS properties and lets you create custom properties to define these variables along with the mechanisms to use custom properties as the values for other CSS properties. CSS display The CSS display module defines how the CSS formatting box tree is generated from the document element tree and defines properties controlling it. CSS easing functions The CSS easing functions module defines easing functions, which provide a means to control the transformation of values. The functions defined include linear, cubic bezier, and step easing functions. These easing functions can be applied to animations and transitions. CSS environment variables The CSS environment variables module defines the concept of environment variables and the env function. Environment variables work similarly to custom properties and the var function, except that they are globally defined; they are global variables scoped to the entire document. They are user agent values, provided by the browser or operating system, you can access using the env function enabling you to adapt your styles to the user's device or context. CSS filter effects The properties in the CSS filter effects module let you define a way of processing an element's rendering before the element is displayed in the document. Examples of such effects include blurring and changing the intensity of the color of an element. CSS flexible box layout The CSS flexible box layout module defines a CSS box model optimized for user interface design, and the layout of items in one dimension. In the flex layout model, the children of a flex container can be laid out in any direction, and can "flex" their sizes, either growing to fill unused space or shrinking to avoid overflowing the parent. Both horizontal and vertical alignment of the children can be easily manipulated. CSS font loading The CSS font loading module describes events and interfaces used for dynamically loading font resources. CSS fonts The CSS fonts module defines font-related properties and how font resources are loaded. It lets you define the style of a font, such as its family, size and weight, and the glyph variants to use when multiple are available for a single character. CSS fragmentation The CSS fragmentation module defines how content is displayed when it is broken (fragmented) and flows across multiple pages , regions, or columns . This module defines features for pagination, breaking variable fragment size and orientation, widows and orphans. CSS generated content The CSS generated content module defines how an element's content can be replaced and content can be added to a document with CSS. CSS grid layout The CSS grid layout module excels at dividing a page into major regions or defining the relationship in terms of size, position, and layering between parts of a control built from HTML primitives. CSS images The CSS images module defines the types of images that can be used (the image type, containing URLs, gradients and other types of images), how to resize them and how they, and other replaced content, interact with the different layout models. CSS inline layout The CSS inline layout module defines the block-axis alignment and sizing of inline-level content and adds a special layout mode for drop-caps. It describes the CSS formatting model for a flow of elements and text inside a container to be wrapped across multiple lines. CSS lists and counters The CSS lists and counters module enables styling and positioning of list item bullets and manipulating their values with a combination of strings, counters, and other features. CSS logical properties and values The CSS logical properties and values module defines logical properties and values that can control layout through logical rather than physical direction and dimension mappings. Logical properties define direction‐relative equivalents to their corresponding physical properties. CSS masking The CSS masking module defines masking and clipping, two different graphical operations that are used to partially or fully hide portions of visual elements. CSS media queries The CSS media queries module enables testing and querying of viewport values and browser or device features, to conditionally apply CSS styles based on the current user environment. Media queries are used in the CSS @media rule and other contexts and languages such as HTML and JavaScript. CSS motion path The CSS motion path module allows authors to animate any graphical object along a custom path. CSS multi-column layout The CSS multi-column layout module lets you divide content across multiple columns. By using the properties in this module, you can define the preferred number and width of columns, the gap size between columns, and the visual appearance of the optional column dividing lines (known as column rules). You can also define how content should flow from column to column and how to break content between columns. CSS namespaces The CSS namespaces module defines the syntax for using namespaces in CSS. CSS nesting The CSS nesting module defines a syntax for nesting selectors, providing the ability to nest one style rule inside another, with the selector of the child rule relative to the selector of the parent rule. CSS overflow The CSS overflow module properties enable you to handle scrollable overflow in visual media. CSS overscroll behavior The CSS overscroll behavior module provides properties to control the behavior of a scroll container when its scroll position reaches the scroll boundary. Controlling this aspect is particularly useful in scenarios where embedded scrollable areas should not trigger scrolling of the parent container. CSS paged media The CSS paged media module defines the properties that control the presentation of content for print or any other media that splits content into discrete pages. It allows you to set page breaks, control printable areas, and style left and right pages differently. CSS positioned layout The CSS positioned layout module defines the coordinate-based positioning and offsetting schemes available in CSS and the properties used to position and stack elements on a web page. The module is best known for defining the basic positioning methods, including relative positioning, sticky positioning, absolute positioning, and fixed positioning. It also defines how positioned elements are painted and layered, clarifying stacking behavior and visual order. CSS properties and values API The CSS properties and values API module defines a method for registering new CSS properties, defining the property's data type, inheritance behavior, and, optionally, an initial value. This API expands on CSS custom properties for cascading variables module, which allows authors to define custom properties in CSS using two dash syntax ( -- ) . The CSS properties and values API is part of the CSS Houdini umbrella of APIs. CSS pseudo-elements The CSS pseudo-element module defines abstract elements that are not directly present in the document tree. These abstract elements, called pseudo-elements, represent portions of the render tree that can be selected and styled. Pseudo-elements are used to create abstractions about the document tree beyond those provided by the document tree. CSS round display The CSS round display module defines CSS extensions to support a round display, such as wrist-watches, to help developers build web pages suitable for those devices. CSS ruby layout The CSS ruby layout module provides the rendering model and formatting controls related to the display of ruby annotations. Ruby annotations are a form of interlinear annotation, consisting of short runs of text alongside the base text. They are typically used in East Asian documents to indicate pronunciation or define meaning. CSS scoping The CSS scoping module defines the CSS scoping and encapsulation mechanisms, focusing on the Shadow DOM scoping mechanism. CSS scroll anchoring The CSS scroll anchoring module defines a mechanism to prevent page movement due to DOM changes above the visible region of a scrolling box while the user is consuming the visible content. CSS scroll snap The CSS scroll snap module provides properties that let you control the panning and scrolling behavior by defining snap positions. Content can be snapped into position as the user scrolls overflowing content within a scroll container, providing paging and scroll positioning. CSS scroll-driven animations The CSS scroll-driven animations module provides functionality that builds on the CSS animations module and Web Animations API . It allows you to animate property values along a scroll-based timeline rather than the default time-based document timeline. This means that you can animate an element by scrolling the element, its scroll container, or its root element, rather than just by the passing of time. CSS scrollbars styling The CSS scrollbars styling module defines properties that you can use for visual styling of scrollbars. You can customize the width of the scrollbar as required. You can also customize the color of the scrollbar track , which is the background of the scrollbar, and the color of the scrollbar thumb , which is the draggable handle of the scrollbar. CSS selectors The CSS selectors module defines the patterns to select elements to which a set of CSS rules are then applied along with their specificity . The CSS selectors module provides us with more than 60 selectors and five combinators. Other modules provide additional pseudo-class selectors and pseudo-elements. CSS shadow parts The CSS shadow parts module defines the ::part() pseudo-element that can be set on a shadow host . Using this pseudo-element, you can enable shadow hosts to expose the selected element in the shadow tree to the outside page for styling purposes. CSS shapes The CSS shapes module describes geometric shapes. It also defines CSS properties that can use the shapes to control the geometry of an element's float area; this area can then be applied to exclusions, or specify an element's content area. CSS syntax The CSS syntax module describes, in general terms, the structure and syntax of cascading stylesheets, or CSS. It defines CSS as the language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML), on the web and elsewhere. CSS table The CSS table module helps you define how to lay out table data. CSS text The CSS text module defines how to perform text manipulation, like line breaking, justification and alignment, white space handling, and text transformation. CSS text decoration The CSS text decoration module defines features relating to text decoration, such as underlines, text shadows, and emphasis marks. Text decoration features can provide visual cues for spelling errors, grammar issues, and links. These features can help improve the usability, accessibility, functionality, and aesthetics of your text. CSS transforms The CSS transforms module defines how elements styled with CSS can be transformed in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. CSS transitions The CSS transitions module specifies functionality for creating gradual transitions between different CSS property values. The behavior of these transitions can be controlled by specifying their easing function, duration, and other values. CSS values and units Every CSS declaration consists of a property/value pair. The value can take various forms depending on the property, such as a single integer, keyword, function, or a combination of different items; some values have units, while others do not. Every property also accepts the CSS-wide values. The CSS values and units module defines the data types — values and units — that CSS properties accept. This module also defines the CSS value definition syntax, or formal grammar, used to define the set of valid values for every CSS property and function. CSS view transitions The CSS view transitions module defines the behavior of the View Transition API , which allows developers to create animated transitions between different states within a document and across documents. This module also defines the CSS properties and pseudo-elements for styling these transitions. CSS viewport The CSS viewport module enables specifying the size, zoom factor, and orientation of the user-agent's initial containing block, or viewport . CSS writing modes The CSS writing modes module defines support for various international writing modes and their combinations, including left-to-right and right-to-left text ordering as well as horizontal and vertical orientations. CSSOM view The CSSOM view module lets you manipulate the visual view of a document, including getting the position of element layout boxes, obtaining the width or height of the viewport through script, and also scrolling an element. In this article See also See also CSS reference Learn CSS Layout cookbook Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Jan 7, 2026 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar CSS Guides Modules Anchor positioning Animations Backgrounds and borders Basic user interface Borders and box decorations Box alignment Box model Box sizing Cascading and inheritance Color adjustment Colors Compositing and blending Conditional rules Containment Counter styles CSSOM view Custom functions and mixins Custom highlight API Custom properties for cascading variables Display Easing functions Environment variables Filter effects Flexible box layout Font loading Fonts Fragmentation Generated content Grid layout Images Inline layout Lists and counters Logical properties and values Masking Media queries Motion path Multi-column layout Namespaces Nesting Overflow Overscroll behavior Paged media Positioned layout Properties and values API Pseudo-elements Round display Ruby layout Scoping Scroll anchoring Scroll snap Scroll-driven animations Scrollbars styling Selectors Shadow parts Shapes Syntax Table Text Text decoration Transforms Transitions Values and units View transitions Viewport Writing modes Anchor positioning Using anchor positioning Handling overflow Animations Animatable properties Using animations Backgrounds and borders Using multiple backgrounds Resizing background images Scaling SVG backgrounds Box alignment Overview In block layout In flexbox In grid layout In multi-column layout Box model Introduction Margin collapsing Box sizing Aspect ratios Cascade Introduction Inheritance Specificity Property value processing Shorthand properties Cascading variables Using custom properties Colors Applying color Color values Using relative colors Using color wisely Accessibility: Colors and luminance Accessibility: Color contrast Columns Basic concepts Styling columns Using multi-column layouts Spanning and balancing columns Handling overflow Handling content breaks Conditional rules Using feature queries Using container scroll-state queries Containment Container queries Using containment Using container size and style queries CSSOM view Coordinate systems (API) Viewport concepts Custom functions and mixins Using CSS custom functions Display Block and inline layout Flow layout Flow layout and overflow Flow layout and writing modes In flow and out of flow Layout and the containing block Formatting contexts Block formatting context Inline formatting context Using multi-keyword syntax Visual formatting model Environment variables Using environment variables Filter effects Using filter effects Flexbox Basic concepts Flexbox and other layouts Aligning flex items Ordering flex items Controlling flex item ratios Wrapping flex items Typical use cases Fonts OpenType features Variable fonts WOFF Grid Basic concepts Grid and other layouts Using line-based placement Grid template areas Using named grid lines Using auto-placement Aligning items Logical values and writing modes Grid layout and accessibility Common grid layouts Subgrid Masonry layout Experimental Images Using gradients Using object-view-box Styling replaced elements Implementing image sprites Lists and counters Using counters Indenting lists Logical properties Basic concepts For floating and positioning For margins, borders, and padding For sizing Masking Introduction Clipping Multiple masks Mask properties Media queries Using media queries For accessibility Testing Printing Nesting style rules Nesting at-rules Nesting and specificity Using nesting Overflow Creating carousels Positioning Stacking context Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Stacking floating elements Understanding z-index Using z-index Stacking without z-index Scroll anchoring Overview Scroll-driven animations Scroll-driven animation timelines Scroll snap Basic concepts Using scroll snap events Selectors Selectors and combinators Selector structure Privacy and :visited Using :target Shapes Overview Box-value shapes Image-based shapes Using shape-outside Syntax Introduction Comments At-rules Error handling Text Wrapping and breaking text Handling whitespace Text decoration Text shadows Transforms Using transforms Transitions Using transitions Values and units Value definition syntax Numeric data types Textual data types Using math functions Using typed arithmetic Writing modes Introduction Vertical form controls How to Layout cookbook Media objects Column layouts Center an element Sticky footers Split navigation Breadcrumb navigation List group with badges Pagination Card Grid wrapper Contribute a recipe Cookbook template Tools Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator Reference Properties -moz-* -moz-float-edge Non-standard Deprecated -moz-force-broken-image-icon Non-standard Deprecated -moz-orient Non-standard -moz-user-focus Non-standard Deprecated -moz-user-input Non-standard Deprecated -webkit-* -webkit-border-before Non-standard -webkit-box-reflect Non-standard -webkit-mask-box-image Non-standard -webkit-mask-composite Non-standard -webkit-mask-position-x Non-standard -webkit-mask-position-y Non-standard -webkit-mask-repeat-x Non-standard -webkit-mask-repeat-y Non-standard -webkit-tap-highlight-color Non-standard -webkit-text-fill-color -webkit-text-security Non-standard -webkit-text-stroke -webkit-text-stroke-color -webkit-text-stroke-width -webkit-touch-callout Non-standard Custom properties (--*): CSS variables accent-color align-* align-content align-items align-self alignment-baseline all anchor-name anchor-scope animation-* animation animation-composition animation-delay animation-direction animation-duration animation-fill-mode animation-iteration-count animation-name animation-play-state animation-range animation-range-end animation-range-start animation-timeline animation-timing-function appearance aspect-ratio backdrop-filter backface-visibility background-* background background-attachment background-blend-mode background-clip background-color background-image background-origin background-position background-position-x background-position-y background-repeat background-size baseline-source block-size border-* border border-block border-block-color border-block-end border-block-end-color border-block-end-style border-block-end-width border-block-start border-block-start-color border-block-start-style border-block-start-width border-block-style border-block-width border-bottom border-bottom-color border-bottom-left-radius border-bottom-right-radius border-bottom-style border-bottom-width border-collapse border-color border-end-end-radius border-end-start-radius border-image border-image-outset border-image-repeat border-image-slice border-image-source border-image-width border-inline border-inline-color border-inline-end border-inline-end-color border-inline-end-style border-inline-end-width border-inline-start border-inline-start-color border-inline-start-style border-inline-start-width border-inline-style border-inline-width border-left border-left-color border-left-style border-left-width border-radius border-right border-right-color border-right-style border-right-width border-spacing border-start-end-radius border-start-start-radius border-style border-top border-top-color border-top-left-radius border-top-right-radius border-top-style border-top-width border-width bottom box-* box-align Non-standard Deprecated box-decoration-break box-direction Non-standard Deprecated box-flex Non-standard Deprecated box-flex-group Non-standard Deprecated box-lines Non-standard Deprecated box-ordinal-group Non-standard Deprecated box-orient Non-standard Deprecated box-pack Non-standard Deprecated box-shadow box-sizing break-* break-after break-before break-inside caption-side caret-* caret Experimental caret-animation Experimental caret-color caret-shape Experimental clear clip-* clip Deprecated clip-path clip-rule color-* color color-interpolation color-interpolation-filters color-scheme column-* column-count column-fill column-gap column-rule column-rule-color column-rule-style column-rule-width column-span column-width columns contain-* contain contain-intrinsic-block-size contain-intrinsic-height contain-intrinsic-inline-size contain-intrinsic-size contain-intrinsic-width container-* container container-name container-type content content-visibility corner-* corner-block-end-shape Experimental corner-block-start-shape Experimental corner-bottom-left-shape Experimental corner-bottom-right-shape Experimental corner-bottom-shape Experimental corner-end-end-shape Experimental corner-end-start-shape Experimental corner-inline-end-shape Experimental corner-inline-start-shape Experimental corner-left-shape Experimental corner-right-shape Experimental corner-shape Experimental corner-start-end-shape Experimental corner-start-start-shape Experimental corner-top-left-shape Experimental corner-top-right-shape Experimental corner-top-shape Experimental counter-* counter-increment counter-reset counter-set cursor cx cy d direction display dominant-baseline dynamic-range-limit empty-cells field-sizing fill-* fill fill-opacity fill-rule filter flex-* flex flex-basis flex-direction flex-flow flex-grow flex-shrink flex-wrap float flood-color flood-opacity font-* font font-family font-feature-settings font-kerning font-language-override font-optical-sizing font-palette font-size font-size-adjust font-smooth Non-standard font-stretch Deprecated font-style font-synthesis font-synthesis-position Experimental font-synthesis-small-caps font-synthesis-style font-synthesis-weight font-variant font-variant-alternates font-variant-caps font-variant-east-asian font-variant-emoji font-variant-ligatures font-variant-numeric font-variant-position font-variation-settings font-weight forced-color-adjust gap grid-* grid grid-area grid-auto-columns grid-auto-flow grid-auto-rows grid-column grid-column-end grid-column-start grid-row grid-row-end grid-row-start grid-template grid-template-areas grid-template-columns grid-template-rows hanging-punctuation height hyphenate-character hyphenate-limit-chars hyphens image-* image-orientation image-rendering image-resolution Experimental initial-letter inline-size inset-* inset inset-block inset-block-end inset-block-start inset-inline inset-inline-end inset-inline-start interactivity Experimental interest-* interest-delay Experimental interest-delay-end Experimental interest-delay-start Experimental interpolate-size Experimental isolation justify-* justify-content justify-items justify-self left letter-spacing lighting-color line-* line-break line-clamp line-height line-height-step Experimental list-* list-style list-style-image list-style-position list-style-type margin-* margin margin-block margin-block-end margin-block-start margin-bottom margin-inline margin-inline-end margin-inline-start margin-left margin-right margin-top margin-trim Experimental marker-* marker marker-end marker-mid marker-start mask-* mask mask-border mask-border-mode mask-border-outset mask-border-repeat mask-border-slice mask-border-source mask-border-width mask-clip mask-composite mask-image mask-mode mask-origin mask-position mask-repeat mask-size mask-type math-* math-depth math-shift math-style max-* max-block-size max-height max-inline-size max-width min-* min-block-size min-height min-inline-size min-width mix-blend-mode object-* object-fit object-position object-view-box Experimental offset-* offset offset-anchor offset-distance offset-path offset-position offset-rotate opacity order orphans outline-* outline outline-color outline-offset outline-style outline-width overflow-* overflow overflow-anchor overflow-block overflow-clip-margin overflow-inline overflow-wrap overflow-x overflow-y overlay Experimental overscroll-* overscroll-behavior overscroll-behavior-block overscroll-behavior-inline overscroll-behavior-x overscroll-behavior-y padding-* padding padding-block padding-block-end padding-block-start padding-bottom padding-inline padding-inline-end padding-inline-start padding-left padding-right padding-top page-* page page-break-after Deprecated page-break-before Deprecated page-break-inside Deprecated paint-order perspective perspective-origin place-* place-content place-items place-self pointer-events position-* position position-anchor position-area position-try position-try-fallbacks position-try-order position-visibility print-color-adjust quotes r reading-flow Experimental reading-order Experimental resize right rotate row-gap ruby-* ruby-align ruby-overhang ruby-position rx ry scale scroll-* scroll-behavior scroll-margin scroll-margin-block scroll-margin-block-end scroll-margin-block-start scroll-margin-bottom scroll-margin-inline scroll-margin-inline-end scroll-margin-inline-start scroll-margin-left scroll-margin-right scroll-margin-top scroll-marker-group Experimental scroll-padding scroll-padding-block scroll-padding-block-end scroll-padding-block-start scroll-padding-bottom scroll-padding-inline scroll-padding-inline-end scroll-padding-inline-start scroll-padding-left scroll-padding-right scroll-padding-top scroll-snap-align scroll-snap-stop scroll-snap-type scroll-target-group Experimental scroll-timeline scroll-timeline-axis scroll-timeline-name scrollbar-* scrollbar-color scrollbar-gutter scrollbar-width shape-* shape-image-threshold shape-margin shape-outside shape-rendering speak-as Experimental stop-color stop-opacity stroke-* stroke stroke-dasharray stroke-dashoffset stroke-linecap stroke-linejoin stroke-miterlimit stroke-opacity stroke-width tab-size table-layout text-* text-align text-align-last text-anchor text-autospace text-box text-box-edge text-box-trim text-combine-upright text-decoration text-decoration-color text-decoration-inset Experimental text-decoration-line text-decoration-skip Experimental text-decoration-skip-ink text-decoration-style text-decoration-thickness text-emphasis text-emphasis-color text-emphasis-position text-emphasis-style text-indent text-justify text-orientation text-overflow text-rendering text-shadow text-size-adjust Experimental text-spacing-trim Experimental text-transform text-underline-offset text-underline-position text-wrap text-wrap-mode text-wrap-style timeline-scope top touch-action transform-* transform transform-box transform-origin transform-style transition-* transition transition-behavior transition-delay transition-duration transition-property transition-timing-function translate unicode-bidi user-modify Non-standard Deprecated user-select vector-effect vertical-align view-* view-timeline view-timeline-axis view-timeline-inset view-timeline-name view-transition-class view-transition-name visibility white-space white-space-collapse widows width will-change word-break word-spacing writing-mode x y z-index zoom Selectors & nesting selector Attribute selectors Class selectors ID selectors Keyframe selectors Namespace separator Selector list Type selectors Universal selectors Combinators Child combinator Column combinator Experimental Descendant combinator Next-sibling combinator Subsequent-sibling combinator Pseudo-classes :-moz-* :-moz-broken Non-standard Deprecated :-moz-drag-over Non-standard :-moz-first-node Experimental Non-standard :-moz-handler-blocked Non-standard :-moz-handler-crashed Non-standard :-moz-handler-disabled Non-standard :-moz-last-node Experimental Non-standard :-moz-loading Non-standard :-moz-locale-dir(ltr) Non-standard :-moz-locale-dir(rtl) Non-standard :-moz-only-whitespace Non-standard :-moz-submit-invalid Non-standard :-moz-suppressed Non-standard :-moz-user-disabled Non-standard :-moz-window-inactive Non-standard :active-* :active :active-view-transition :active-view-transition-type() :any-link :autofill :blank Experimental :buffering :checked :current Experimental :default :defined :dir() :disabled :empty :enabled :first-* :first :first-child :first-of-type :focus-* :focus :focus-visible :focus-within :fullscreen :future :has-slotted :has() :heading Experimental :heading() Experimental :host :host-context() Deprecated :host() :hover :in-range :indeterminate :interest-source Experimental :interest-target Experimental :invalid :is() :lang() :last-child :last-of-type :left :link :local-link Experimental :modal :muted :not() :nth-* :nth-child() :nth-last-child() :nth-last-of-type() :nth-of-type() :only-child :only-of-type :open :optional :out-of-range :past :paused :picture-in-picture :placeholder-shown :playing :popover-open :read-only :read-write :required :right :root :scope :seeking :stalled :state() :target-* :target :target-after Experimental :target-before Experimental :target-current Experimental :user-invalid :user-valid :valid :visited :volume-locked :where() Pseudo-elements ::-moz-* ::-moz-color-swatch Non-standard ::-moz-focus-inner Non-standard Deprecated ::-moz-list-bullet Experimental Non-standard ::-moz-list-number Experimental Non-standard ::-moz-meter-bar Non-standard ::-moz-progress-bar Experimental Non-standard ::-moz-range-progress Non-standard ::-moz-range-thumb Non-standard ::-moz-range-track Non-standard ::-webkit-* ::-webkit-inner-spin-button Non-standard ::-webkit-meter-bar Non-standard Deprecated ::-webkit-meter-even-less-good-value Non-standard ::-webkit-meter-inner-element Non-standard ::-webkit-meter-optimum-value Non-standard ::-webkit-meter-suboptimum-value Non-standard ::-webkit-progress-bar Non-standard ::-webkit-progress-inner-element Non-standard ::-webkit-progress-value Non-standard ::-webkit-scrollbar Non-standard ::-webkit-search-cancel-button Non-standard ::-webkit-search-results-button Non-standard ::-webkit-slider-runnable-track Non-standard ::-webkit-slider-thumb Non-standard ::after ::backdrop ::before ::checkmark Experimental ::column Experimental ::cue ::details-content ::file-selector-button ::first-letter ::first-line ::grammar-error ::highlight() ::marker ::part() ::picker-icon Experimental ::picker() Experimental ::placeholder ::scroll-* 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dynamic-range-limit-mix() Experimental element() Experimental ellipse() env() exp() fit-content() grayscale() hsl() hue-rotate() hwb() hypot() if() Experimental image-set() image() inset() invert() lab() lch() light-dark() linear-gradient() linear() log() matrix() matrix3d() max() min() minmax() mod() oklab() oklch() opacity() paint() path() perspective() polygon() pow() progress() radial-gradient() ray() rect() rem() repeat() repeating-conic-gradient() repeating-linear-gradient() repeating-radial-gradient() rgb() rotate() rotate3d() rotateX() rotateY() rotateZ() round() saturate() scale() scale3d() scaleX() scaleY() scaleZ() sepia() shape() sibling-count() sibling-index() sign() sin() skew() skewX() skewY() sqrt() steps() superellipse() Experimental symbols() tan() translate() translate3d() translateX() translateY() translateZ() type() Experimental url() var() xywh() Your blueprint for a better internet. 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https://socket.io/docs/v4/admin-ui/ | Admin UI | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Adapters Advanced Namespaces Custom parser Admin UI Usage with PM2 Load testing Performance tuning Migrations Miscellaneous Advanced Admin UI Version: 4.x On this page Admin UI The Socket.IO admin UI can be used to have an overview of the state of your Socket.IO deployment. The source code can be found here: https://github.com/socketio/socket.io-admin-ui/ Link to the hosted version: https://admin.socket.io/ Current features overview of the servers and the clients that are currently connected details of each socket instance (active transport, handshake, rooms, ...) details of each room details of every event emitted or received by the server administrative operations (join, leave, disconnect) If you have any feedback / suggestions, do not hesitate! Installation Server-side First, install the @socket.io/admin-ui package: npm i @socket.io/admin-ui And then invoke the instrument method on your Socket.IO server: const { createServer } = require ( "http" ) ; const { Server } = require ( "socket.io" ) ; const { instrument } = require ( "@socket.io/admin-ui" ) ; const httpServer = createServer ( ) ; const io = new Server ( httpServer , { cors : { origin : [ "https://admin.socket.io" ] , credentials : true } } ) ; instrument ( io , { auth : false , mode : "development" , } ) ; httpServer . listen ( 3000 ) ; The module is compatible with: Socket.IO v4 server Socket.IO v3 server (>= 3.1.0), but without the operations on rooms (join, leave, disconnection) Example with NestJS : import { instrument } from "@socket.io/admin-ui" ; @ WebSocketGateway ( ) export class MyGateway { // ... afterInit ( ) { instrument ( this . server , { auth : false , mode : "development" , } ) ; } } Client-side You can then head up to https://admin.socket.io , or host the files found in the ui/dist folder here . Important note : the website at https://admin.socket.io is totally static (hosted on Vercel ), we do not (and will never) store any information about yourself or your browser (no tracking, no analytics, ...). That being said, hosting the files yourself is totally fine. You should see the following modal: Please enter the URL of your server (for example, http://localhost:3000 or https://example.com ) and the credentials, if applicable (see the auth option below ). Available options auth Default value: - This option is mandatory. You can either disable authentication (please use with caution): instrument ( io , { auth : false } ) ; Or use basic authentication: instrument ( io , { auth : { type : "basic" , username : "admin" , password : "$2b$10$heqvAkYMez.Va6Et2uXInOnkCT6/uQj1brkrbyG3LpopDklcq7ZOS" // "changeit" encrypted with bcrypt } , } ) ; caution Please note that the bcrypt package does not currently support hashes starting with the $2y$ prefix, which is used by some BCrypt implementations (for example https://bcrypt-generator.com/ or https://www.bcrypt.fr/ ). You can check the validity of the hash with: $ node > require("bcryptjs").compareSync("<the password>", "<the hash>") true You can generate a valid hash with: $ node > require("bcryptjs").hashSync("changeit", 10) '$2b$10$LQUE...' See also: https://github.com/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js/issues/849 https://stackoverflow.com/a/36225192/5138796 namespaceName Default value: /admin The name of the namespace which will be created to handle the administrative tasks. instrument ( io , { namespaceName : "/custom" } ) ; This namespace is a classic Socket.IO namespace, you can access it with: const adminNamespace = io . of ( "/admin" ) ; More information here . readonly Default value: false Whether to put the admin UI in read-only mode (no join, leave or disconnect allowed). instrument ( io , { readonly : true } ) ; serverId Default value: require("os").hostname() The ID of the given server. If you have several Socket.IO servers on the same machine, you'll need to give them a distinct ID: instrument ( io , { serverId : ` ${ require ( "os" ) . hostname ( ) } # ${ process . pid } ` } ) ; store Default value: new InMemoryStore() The store is used to store the session IDs so the user do not have to retype the credentials upon reconnection. If you use basic authentication in a multi-server setup, you should provide a custom store: const { instrument , RedisStore } = require ( "@socket.io/admin-ui" ) ; instrument ( io , { store : new RedisStore ( redisClient ) } ) ; mode Default value: development In production mode, the server won't send all details about the socket instances and the rooms, thus reducing the memory footprint of the instrumentation. instrument ( io , { mode : "production" } ) ; The production mode can also be enabled with the NODE_ENV environment variable: NODE_ENV=production node index.js How it works The source code can be found here: https://github.com/socketio/socket.io-admin-ui/ The instrument method simply: creates a namespace and adds an authentication middleware if applicable register listeners for the connection and disconnect events for each existing namespaces to track the socket instances register a timer which will periodically send stats from the server to the UI register handlers for the join , leave and _disconnect commands sent from the UI Latest releases 0.5.1 (Oct 2022): GitHub release / diff 0.5.0 (Sep 2022): GitHub release / diff 0.4.0 (Jun 2022): GitHub release / diff Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous Custom parser Next Usage with PM2 Current features Installation Server-side Client-side Available options How it works Latest releases Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/docs/v4/namespaces/#dynamic-namespaces | Namespaces | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Adapters Advanced Namespaces Custom parser Admin UI Usage with PM2 Load testing Performance tuning Migrations Miscellaneous Advanced Namespaces Version: 4.x On this page Namespaces A Namespace is a communication channel that allows you to split the logic of your application over a single shared connection (also called "multiplexing"). Introduction Each namespace has its own: event handlers io . of ( "/orders" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( "order:list" , ( ) => { } ) ; socket . on ( "order:create" , ( ) => { } ) ; } ) ; io . of ( "/users" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( "user:list" , ( ) => { } ) ; } ) ; rooms const orderNamespace = io . of ( "/orders" ) ; orderNamespace . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . join ( "room1" ) ; orderNamespace . to ( "room1" ) . emit ( "hello" ) ; } ) ; const userNamespace = io . of ( "/users" ) ; userNamespace . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . join ( "room1" ) ; // distinct from the room in the "orders" namespace userNamespace . to ( "room1" ) . emit ( "holà" ) ; } ) ; middlewares const orderNamespace = io . of ( "/orders" ) ; orderNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // ensure the socket has access to the "orders" namespace, and then next ( ) ; } ) ; const userNamespace = io . of ( "/users" ) ; userNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // ensure the socket has access to the "users" namespace, and then next ( ) ; } ) ; Possible use cases: you want to create a special namespace that only authorized users have access to, so the logic related to those users is separated from the rest of the application const adminNamespace = io . of ( "/admin" ) ; adminNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // ensure the user has sufficient rights next ( ) ; } ) ; adminNamespace . on ( "connection" , socket => { socket . on ( "delete user" , ( ) => { // ... } ) ; } ) ; your application has multiple tenants so you want to dynamically create one namespace per tenant const workspaces = io . of ( / ^\/\w+$ / ) ; workspaces . on ( "connection" , socket => { const workspace = socket . nsp ; workspace . emit ( "hello" ) ; } ) ; Main namespace Until now, you interacted with the main namespace, called / . The io instance inherits all of its methods: io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { } ) ; io . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) } ) ; io . emit ( "hello" ) ; // are actually equivalent to io . of ( "/" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { } ) ; io . of ( "/" ) . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) } ) ; io . of ( "/" ) . emit ( "hello" ) ; Some tutorials may also mention io.sockets , it's simply an alias for io.of("/") . io . sockets === io . of ( "/" ) Custom namespaces To set up a custom namespace, you can call the of function on the server-side: const nsp = io . of ( "/my-namespace" ) ; nsp . on ( "connection" , socket => { console . log ( "someone connected" ) ; } ) ; nsp . emit ( "hi" , "everyone!" ) ; Client initialization Same-origin version: const socket = io ( ) ; // or io("/"), the main namespace const orderSocket = io ( "/orders" ) ; // the "orders" namespace const userSocket = io ( "/users" ) ; // the "users" namespace Cross-origin/Node.js version: const socket = io ( "https://example.com" ) ; // or io("https://example.com/"), the main namespace const orderSocket = io ( "https://example.com/orders" ) ; // the "orders" namespace const userSocket = io ( "https://example.com/users" ) ; // the "users" namespace In the example above, only one WebSocket connection will be established, and the packets will automatically be routed to the right namespace. Please note that multiplexing will be disabled in the following cases: multiple creation for the same namespace const socket1 = io ( ) ; const socket2 = io ( ) ; // no multiplexing, two distinct WebSocket connections different domains const socket1 = io ( "https://first.example.com" ) ; const socket2 = io ( "https://second.example.com" ) ; // no multiplexing, two distinct WebSocket connections usage of the forceNew option const socket1 = io ( ) ; const socket2 = io ( "/admin" , { forceNew : true } ) ; // no multiplexing, two distinct WebSocket connections Dynamic namespaces It is also possible to dynamically create namespaces, either with a regular expression: io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) ; or with a function: io . of ( ( name , auth , next ) => { next ( null , true ) ; // or false, when the creation is denied } ) ; You can have access to the new namespace in the connection event: io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { const namespace = socket . nsp ; } ) ; The return value of the of() method is what we call the parent namespace, from which you can: register middlewares const parentNamespace = io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) ; parentNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) } ) ; The middleware will automatically be registered on each child namespace. broadcast events const parentNamespace = io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) ; parentNamespace . emit ( "hello" ) ; // will be sent to users in /dynamic-1, /dynamic-2, ... caution Existing namespaces have priority over dynamic namespaces. For example: // register "dynamic-101" namespace io . of ( "/dynamic-101" ) ; io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { // will not be called for a connection on the "dynamic-101" namespace } ) ; Complete API The complete API exposed by the Namespace instance can be found here . Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous Azure Service Bus adapter Next Custom parser Introduction Main namespace Custom namespaces Client initialization Dynamic namespaces Complete API Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/blog | Blog | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Recent posts Bun engine npm package provenance Socket.IO monorepo Three new adapters Chat platform Socket.IO on Azure Redis Streams adapter Socket.IO server for Deno Socket.IO 4.5.0 Socket.IO 4.4.0 Bun engine August 22, 2025 · 3 min read Damien Arrachequesne Maintainer of Socket.IO Hello everyone! We are happy to announce that we now provide a low-level engine for Bun. Read More npm package provenance July 25, 2024 · 2 min read Damien Arrachequesne Maintainer of Socket.IO Hello everyone! We are happy to announce that Socket.IO packages will now be published with a provenance statement. Read More Socket.IO monorepo July 12, 2024 · 3 min read Damien Arrachequesne Maintainer of Socket.IO Hello everyone! We are happy to announce that the Socket.IO codebase has been merged into a monorepo. Read More Three new adapters March 29, 2024 · One min read Damien Arrachequesne Maintainer of Socket.IO Hello everyone! I'm happy to announce that we provide 3 new official adapters: the Google Cloud Pub/Sub adapter the AWS SQS adapter the Azure Service Bus adapter Any feedback is welcome! Chat platform January 12, 2024 · 2 min read Damien Arrachequesne Maintainer of Socket.IO Hello everyone! A new sample project is available: the Chat platform . The source code can be found here . Read More Socket.IO on Azure August 23, 2023 · 3 min read Kevin Guo Product Manager at Microsoft | Support for Socket.IO on Azure Overview of Socket.IO support on Azure Quickstarts of hosting a Socket.IO app on Azure Hello developers, Since we put up an invitation to participate in a user study, we collected hundreds of responses and had the chance to speak in depth with several Socket.IO users. Thank you for your interest in the user study and helping us understand your experience. In this post, I am going to share with you some notable learnings from the study. It’s our hope that such sharing can shed light on how we can build a stronger community as Socket.IO users, contributors, and cloud providers. Read More Redis Streams adapter April 7, 2023 · One min read Damien Arrachequesne Maintainer of Socket.IO Hello everyone! There is a new official adapter for Socket.IO: the Redis Streams adapter . Read More Socket.IO server for Deno September 13, 2022 · One min read Damien Arrachequesne Maintainer of Socket.IO Hello everyone! I'm happy to announce that Socket.IO is now compatible with Deno , which is a runtime for JavaScript and TypeScript written in Rust. Usage: import { serve } from "https://deno.land/std@0.150.0/http/server.ts" ; import { Server } from "https://deno.land/x/socket_io@0.1.1/mod.ts" ; const io = new Server ( ) ; io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { console . log ( ` socket ${ socket . id } connected ` ) ; socket . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; socket . on ( "disconnect" , ( reason ) => { console . log ( ` socket ${ socket . id } disconnected due to ${ reason } ` ) ; } ) ; } ) ; await serve ( io . handler ( ) , { port : 3000 , } ) ; And then run with: $ deno run --allow-net index.ts The API is very similar to the one exposed by the Node.js implementation. Next steps: client implementation compatibility with the Node.js ecosystem (msgpack parser, adapters, admin UI, ...) Feedback is welcome! Source code: https://github.com/socketio/socket.io-deno Module: https://deno.land/x/socket_io Socket.IO 4.5.0 April 23, 2022 · 2 min read Damien Arrachequesne Maintainer of Socket.IO Hello everyone! We have just published a new minor version of Socket.IO: 4.5.0 Read More Socket.IO 4.4.0 November 18, 2021 · 2 min read Damien Arrachequesne Maintainer of Socket.IO Hello everyone! We have just published a new minor version of Socket.IO: 4.4.0 Read More Older Entries Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/docs/v4/emitting-events/ | Emitting events | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Emitting events Listening to events Broadcasting events Rooms Adapters Advanced Migrations Miscellaneous Events Emitting events Version: 4.x On this page Emitting events There are several ways to send events between the server and the client. tip For TypeScript users, it is possible to provide type hints for the events. Please check this . Basic emit The Socket.IO API is inspired from the Node.js EventEmitter , which means you can emit events on one side and register listeners on the other: Server io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; } ) ; Client socket . on ( "hello" , ( arg ) => { console . log ( arg ) ; // world } ) ; This also works in the other direction: Server io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( "hello" , ( arg ) => { console . log ( arg ) ; // world } ) ; } ) ; Client socket . emit ( "hello" , "world" ) ; You can send any number of arguments, and all serializable data structures are supported, including binary objects like Buffer or TypedArray . Server io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . emit ( "hello" , 1 , "2" , { 3 : '4' , 5 : Buffer . from ( [ 6 ] ) } ) ; } ) ; Client // client-side socket . on ( "hello" , ( arg1 , arg2 , arg3 ) => { console . log ( arg1 ) ; // 1 console . log ( arg2 ) ; // "2" console . log ( arg3 ) ; // { 3: '4', 5: ArrayBuffer (1) [ 6 ] } } ) ; There is no need to run JSON.stringify() on objects as it will be done for you. // BAD socket . emit ( "hello" , JSON . stringify ( { name : "John" } ) ) ; // GOOD socket . emit ( "hello" , { name : "John" } ) ; Notes: Date objects will be converted to (and received as) their string representation, e.g. 1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z Map and Set must be manually serialized: const serializedMap = [ ... myMap . entries ( ) ] ; const serializedSet = [ ... mySet . keys ( ) ] ; you can use the toJSON() method to customize the serialization of an object Example with a class: class Hero { #hp ; constructor ( ) { this . #hp = 42 ; } toJSON ( ) { return { hp : this . #hp } ; } } socket . emit ( "here's a hero" , new Hero ( ) ) ; Acknowledgements Events are great, but in some cases you may want a more classic request-response API. In Socket.IO, this feature is named acknowledgements. You can add a callback as the last argument of the emit() , and this callback will be called once the other side acknowledges the event: Server io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( "update item" , ( arg1 , arg2 , callback ) => { console . log ( arg1 ) ; // 1 console . log ( arg2 ) ; // { name: "updated" } callback ( { status : "ok" } ) ; } ) ; } ) ; Client socket . emit ( "update item" , "1" , { name : "updated" } , ( response ) => { console . log ( response . status ) ; // ok } ) ; With timeout Starting with Socket.IO v4.4.0, you can now assign a timeout to each emit: socket . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "my-event" , ( err ) => { if ( err ) { // the other side did not acknowledge the event in the given delay } } ) ; You can also use both a timeout and an acknowledgement : socket . timeout ( 5000 ) . emit ( "my-event" , ( err , response ) => { if ( err ) { // the other side did not acknowledge the event in the given delay } else { console . log ( response ) ; } } ) ; Volatile events Volatile events are events that will not be sent if the underlying connection is not ready (a bit like UDP , in terms of reliability). This can be interesting for example if you need to send the position of the characters in an online game (as only the latest values are useful). socket . volatile . emit ( "hello" , "might or might not be received" ) ; Another use case is to discard events when the client is not connected (by default, the events are buffered until reconnection). Example: Server io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { console . log ( "connect" ) ; socket . on ( "ping" , ( count ) => { console . log ( count ) ; } ) ; } ) ; Client let count = 0 ; setInterval ( ( ) => { socket . volatile . emit ( "ping" , ++ count ) ; } , 1000 ) ; If you restart the server, you will see in the console: connect 1 2 3 4 # the server is restarted, the client automatically reconnects connect 9 10 11 Without the volatile flag, you would see: connect 1 2 3 4 # the server is restarted, the client automatically reconnects and sends its buffered events connect 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous Usage with bundlers Next Listening to events Basic emit Acknowledgements With timeout Volatile events Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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https://socket.io/es/docs/v4/namespaces/ | Namespaces | Socket.IO Ir al contenido principal Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Documentación Guía Tutorial Ejemplos Hoja de referencia de emisión API del Servidor API del Cliente Ecosistema Help Solución de problemas Stack Overflow Discusiones de GitHub Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Interfaz de Administración Acerca de Preguntas frecuentes Registro de cambios Hoja de ruta Conviértete en patrocinador 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog Español English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Buscar Socket.IO Documentación Servidor Cliente Eventos Adaptadores Avanzado Namespaces Parser personalizado Admin UI Uso con PM2 Pruebas de carga Ajuste de rendimiento Migraciones Miscelánea Avanzado Namespaces Versión: 4.x En esta página Namespaces Un Namespace es un canal de comunicación que te permite dividir la lógica de tu aplicación sobre una única conexión compartida (también llamado "multiplexación"). Introducción Cada namespace tiene sus propios: manejadores de eventos io . of ( "/orders" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( "order:list" , ( ) => { } ) ; socket . on ( "order:create" , ( ) => { } ) ; } ) ; io . of ( "/users" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( "user:list" , ( ) => { } ) ; } ) ; salas const orderNamespace = io . of ( "/orders" ) ; orderNamespace . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . join ( "room1" ) ; orderNamespace . to ( "room1" ) . emit ( "hello" ) ; } ) ; const userNamespace = io . of ( "/users" ) ; userNamespace . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . join ( "room1" ) ; // distinta de la sala en el namespace "orders" userNamespace . to ( "room1" ) . emit ( "holà" ) ; } ) ; middlewares const orderNamespace = io . of ( "/orders" ) ; orderNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // asegurar que el socket tiene acceso al namespace "orders", y luego next ( ) ; } ) ; const userNamespace = io . of ( "/users" ) ; userNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // asegurar que el socket tiene acceso al namespace "users", y luego next ( ) ; } ) ; Posibles casos de uso: quieres crear un namespace especial al que solo usuarios autorizados tienen acceso, así la lógica relacionada con esos usuarios está separada del resto de la aplicación const adminNamespace = io . of ( "/admin" ) ; adminNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // asegurar que el usuario tiene suficientes derechos next ( ) ; } ) ; adminNamespace . on ( "connection" , socket => { socket . on ( "delete user" , ( ) => { // ... } ) ; } ) ; tu aplicación tiene múltiples tenants así que quieres crear dinámicamente un namespace por tenant const workspaces = io . of ( / ^\/\w+$ / ) ; workspaces . on ( "connection" , socket => { const workspace = socket . nsp ; workspace . emit ( "hello" ) ; } ) ; Namespace principal Hasta ahora, has interactuado con el namespace principal, llamado / . La instancia io hereda todos sus métodos: io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { } ) ; io . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) } ) ; io . emit ( "hello" ) ; // son en realidad equivalentes a io . of ( "/" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { } ) ; io . of ( "/" ) . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) } ) ; io . of ( "/" ) . emit ( "hello" ) ; Algunos tutoriales también pueden mencionar io.sockets , es simplemente un alias para io.of("/") . io . sockets === io . of ( "/" ) Namespaces personalizados Para configurar un namespace personalizado, puedes llamar a la función of en el lado del servidor: const nsp = io . of ( "/my-namespace" ) ; nsp . on ( "connection" , socket => { console . log ( "alguien se conectó" ) ; } ) ; nsp . emit ( "hi" , "¡todos!" ) ; Inicialización del cliente Versión del mismo origen: const socket = io ( ) ; // o io("/"), el namespace principal const orderSocket = io ( "/orders" ) ; // el namespace "orders" const userSocket = io ( "/users" ) ; // el namespace "users" Versión cross-origin/Node.js: const socket = io ( "https://example.com" ) ; // o io("https://example.com/"), el namespace principal const orderSocket = io ( "https://example.com/orders" ) ; // el namespace "orders" const userSocket = io ( "https://example.com/users" ) ; // el namespace "users" En el ejemplo anterior, solo se establecerá una conexión WebSocket, y los paquetes serán enrutados automáticamente al namespace correcto. Por favor nota que la multiplexación será deshabilitada en los siguientes casos: múltiples creaciones para el mismo namespace const socket1 = io ( ) ; const socket2 = io ( ) ; // sin multiplexación, dos conexiones WebSocket distintas diferentes dominios const socket1 = io ( "https://first.example.com" ) ; const socket2 = io ( "https://second.example.com" ) ; // sin multiplexación, dos conexiones WebSocket distintas uso de la opción forceNew const socket1 = io ( ) ; const socket2 = io ( "/admin" , { forceNew : true } ) ; // sin multiplexación, dos conexiones WebSocket distintas Namespaces dinámicos También es posible crear namespaces dinámicamente, ya sea con una expresión regular: io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) ; o con una función: io . of ( ( name , auth , next ) => { next ( null , true ) ; // o false, cuando la creación es denegada } ) ; Puedes tener acceso al nuevo namespace en el evento connection : io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { const namespace = socket . nsp ; } ) ; El valor de retorno del método of() es lo que llamamos el namespace padre, desde el cual puedes: registrar middlewares const parentNamespace = io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) ; parentNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) } ) ; El middleware se registrará automáticamente en cada namespace hijo. transmitir eventos const parentNamespace = io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) ; parentNamespace . emit ( "hello" ) ; // se enviará a usuarios en /dynamic-1, /dynamic-2, ... precaución Los namespaces existentes tienen prioridad sobre los namespaces dinámicos. Por ejemplo: // registrar namespace "dynamic-101" io . of ( "/dynamic-101" ) ; io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { // no se llamará para una conexión en el namespace "dynamic-101" } ) ; API completa La API completa expuesta por la instancia Namespace se puede encontrar aquí . Editar esta página Última actualización el 17 dic 2025 Anterior Adaptador Azure Service Bus Siguiente Parser personalizado Introducción Namespace principal Namespaces personalizados Inicialización del cliente Namespaces dinámicos API completa Documentación Guía Tutorial Ejemplos API del Servidor API del Cliente Ayuda Solución de problemas Stack Overflow Discusiones de GitHub Slack Noticias Blog Twitter Herramientas CDN Interfaz de Administración Acerca de Preguntas frecuentes Registro de cambios Hoja de ruta Conviértete en patrocinador Copyright © 2025 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://www.fine.dev/blog/integrate-ai-technical-guide | How to Integrate AI into Your Startup: A Technical Guide for CTOs Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back How to Integrate AI into Your Startup: A Technical Guide for CTOs Table of Contents Define the Use Case for AI Choose Your AI Model Wisely Access and Integrate APIs Consider Latency and Cost for AI Integration Model Customization and Fine-Tuning for AI Infrastructure Considerations for AI Deployment Testing and Monitoring AI Systems Performance Optimization for AI Integration Ensure a Smooth User Experience with AI Leveraging LiteLLM for Seamless AI Integration Potential Challenges and Solutions in AI Integration Conclusion Integrating artificial intelligence into a startup's offerings is a transformative endeavor that enhances user experience and drives innovation. For CTOs aspiring to embed AI-powered features into their products, this guide provides a comprehensive overview of the technical aspects involved in integrating advanced language models such as OpenAI's GPT-4, Anthropic's Claude, and other leading large language models (LLMs). This document will help you navigate the complexities of incorporating AI, ensuring a successful and technically sound transition. 1. Define the Use Case for AI Before embarking on AI integration, it is essential to precisely define the problem that AI will address for your users. Will AI enhance customer support, summarize complex data, or add conversational capabilities? The specific use case will dictate the appropriate AI architecture and integration strategy. For instance, automating customer support might require real-time natural language understanding and response generation, whereas document analysis could involve batch processing and data summarization. Establishing these requirements upfront helps identify the optimal LLM, the necessary tuning, and the appropriate integration model. While anyone can create a chatbot using Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), the distinction lies in how effectively your AI solution addresses genuine user challenges. A sophisticated AI-driven solution, like Fine’s approach, surpasses basic RAG implementations through advanced model fine-tuning, context-aware management, and a comprehensive integration workflow. This ensures that the AI-generated solutions are accurate, pertinent, and aligned with user needs, thereby delivering actionable insights that enhance user productivity and reduce friction. 2. Choose Your AI Model Wisely Selecting an appropriate large language model (LLM) is paramount for the successful integration of AI capabilities. Different LLMs exhibit distinct strengths: OpenAI's GPT-4 is renowned for its versatility, capable of executing complex tasks such as coding assistance, creative content generation, and language translation. This flexibility makes GPT-4 suitable for a wide range of applications. Anthropic's Claude emphasizes safety and controllability, making it a preferred choice for scenarios demanding rigorous risk mitigation, such as minimizing toxic or biased outputs. Cohere, Mistral, and Llama provide specialized models that excel in domains like multilingual support and cost-effective deployment. The selection of an AI model should align with your application's priorities—whether those are accuracy, safety, efficiency, or a combination of these factors. Real-time applications may benefit from models optimized for responsiveness, whereas batch processing tasks might prioritize throughput efficiency. 3. Access and Integrate APIs Most prominent LLMs offer APIs that facilitate straightforward integration, which is crucial for effective AI deployment. Below is a detailed guide on how to integrate these models, including practical code examples. Set up API Access : Obtain API keys from your preferred LLM provider. Providers like OpenAI and Anthropic offer detailed documentation to guide you through the setup of API access and configuration of usage limits. Python Example : import openai openai.api_key = 'YOUR_OPENAI_API_KEY' response = openai.Completion.create( engine="text-davinci-003", prompt="How do I integrate AI into my startup?", max_tokens=150 ) print(response.choices[0].text) Node.js Example : const { Configuration, OpenAIApi } = require("openai"); const configuration = new Configuration({ apiKey: "YOUR_OPENAI_API_KEY", }); const openai = new OpenAIApi(configuration); async function getResponse() { const response = await openai.createCompletion({ model: "text-davinci-003", prompt: "How do I integrate AI into my startup?", max_tokens: 150, }); console.log(response.data.choices[0].text); } getResponse(); Backend Integration : Employ server-side languages like Python, Node.js, or Go to make API requests. Build a middleware layer that manages API requests, processes responses, and handles errors effectively. This middleware should ensure robustness in the face of API downtime and rate limitations. Python Middleware Example : from flask import Flask, request, jsonify import openai app = Flask(__name__) openai.api_key = 'YOUR_OPENAI_API_KEY' @app.route('/ask', methods=['POST']) def ask(): prompt = request.json.get("prompt") try: response = openai.Completion.create( engine="text-davinci-003", prompt=prompt, max_tokens=150 ) return jsonify(response.choices[0].text) except Exception as e: return jsonify({"error": str(e)}), 500 if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(debug=True) Node.js Middleware Example : const express = require('express'); const { Configuration, OpenAIApi } = require("openai"); const app = express(); const configuration = new Configuration({ apiKey: "YOUR_OPENAI_API_KEY", }); const openai = new OpenAIApi(configuration); app.use(express.json()); app.post('/ask', async (req, res) => { const prompt = req.body.prompt; try { const response = await openai.createCompletion({ model: "text-davinci-003", prompt: prompt, max_tokens: 150, }); res.json(response.data.choices[0].text); } catch (error) { res.status(500).json({ error: error.message }); } }); app.listen(3000, () => { console.log('Server is running on port 3000'); }); Optimize API Requests : To manage costs and improve response times, limit the data sent to the LLM by focusing on critical information. For complex queries, implement pre-processing (e.g., data summarization) and post-processing to enhance usability while minimizing the data payload. Python Example for Pre-processing : def preprocess_data(data): # Simplify data before sending to LLM return data[:500] # Example: trimming data to the first 500 characters prompt = preprocess_data(user_input) response = openai.Completion.create( engine="text-davinci-003", prompt=prompt, max_tokens=150 ) 4. Consider Latency and Cost for AI Integration The costs associated with API usage can escalate rapidly as your application scales. To mitigate these costs while maintaining optimal AI performance, consider the following strategies: Cache Responses : Implement caching for frequently requested responses to minimize redundant API calls. Optimize Context Windows : Large context windows can be beneficial for understanding but come with increased costs. Focus on sending only necessary context to reduce expenses. Utilize Hybrid Models : Combine smaller, open-source models (e.g., Llama 2) for low-stakes interactions with high-accuracy models (e.g., GPT-4) for critical tasks. This hybrid approach helps manage costs while retaining key AI functionalities. 5. Model Customization and Fine-Tuning for AI Pre-trained LLMs are powerful but may require customization to meet specific domain needs effectively. Prompt Engineering : Carefully crafted prompts can often yield the desired output without necessitating model fine-tuning. Experiment with different prompt formats, including few-shot prompting, to guide the model effectively. Fine-Tuning : In cases where deeper domain expertise is necessary, consider fine-tuning the model. OpenAI, among others, offers fine-tuning options. Ensure that you use well-curated datasets to avoid introducing biases during this process. 6. Infrastructure Considerations for AI Deployment AI integration requires robust infrastructure modifications beyond simple API access: Scalability : LLMs can be resource-intensive. Design server infrastructure capable of handling increased traffic and added latency, particularly during peak demand. Data Privacy : Data passing through third-party AI models presents privacy risks. Anonymize user data and implement compliance measures in alignment with relevant data policies and regulations. Edge Deployment : For applications requiring minimal latency, such as IoT, consider deploying lightweight models on edge devices while leveraging cloud-based LLMs for more demanding processing. 7. Testing and Monitoring AI Systems AI systems are dynamic and behave differently from traditional software systems. Rigorous Testing : Test the AI model against edge cases and simulate diverse scenarios to identify potential failure modes. Human-in-the-loop : In high-stakes environments, incorporate mechanisms for human oversight to ensure AI outputs meet quality standards. User feedback should be continuously leveraged to refine model behavior. Continuous Monitoring : Track key metrics such as response latency, error rates, and user satisfaction to ensure ongoing performance optimization. 8. Performance Optimization for AI Integration Effective AI integration demands careful performance tuning to ensure scalability and responsiveness. Asynchronous Processing : Use asynchronous calls to avoid blocking application threads while waiting for LLM responses. This approach allows concurrent task handling, improving overall efficiency. Python Example (Asynchronous) : import openai import asyncio async def get_response(prompt): response = await openai.Completion.acreate( engine="text-davinci-003", prompt=prompt, max_tokens=150 ) return response.choices[0].text loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() prompt = "How can asynchronous processing improve AI performance?" response_text = loop.run_until_complete(get_response(prompt)) print(response_text) Load Balancing : Use load balancers to distribute incoming API requests across multiple servers, preventing any single server from becoming overwhelmed, particularly during periods of high demand. Node.js Example with Load Balancer : Use Nginx as a load balancer to manage and distribute traffic. upstream openai_backend { server server1.example.com; server server2.example.com; } server { listen 80; location /ask { proxy_pass http://openai_backend; } } Containerization with Docker : Docker containers help maintain consistent deployment environments, ensuring easy scaling. Use Kubernetes for orchestrating multiple containers, thereby achieving high availability. Dockerfile Example : # Use an official Python runtime as a parent image FROM python:3.9-slim # Set the working directory in the container WORKDIR /app # Copy the current directory contents into the container at /app COPY . /app # Install any needed packages specified in requirements.txt RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt # Make port 80 available to the world outside this container EXPOSE 80 # Define environment variable ENV NAME World # Run app.py when the container launches CMD ["python", "app.py"] Kubernetes Deployment Example : apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: openai-app-deployment spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: openai-app template: metadata: labels: app: openai-app spec: containers: - name: openai-app image: openai-app-image:latest ports: - containerPort: 80 9. Ensure a Smooth User Experience with AI Finally, it’s critical to think about how users will interact with the AI feature. Transparency : Let users know when they’re interacting with an AI model and what its limitations are. This transparency builds trust. Fail Gracefully : In case of a failed API call or confusing AI response, have a fallback ready—such as a templated response or escalation to human support. This ensures the AI adds value rather than creating frustration. 10. Leveraging LiteLLM for Seamless AI Integration For startups looking to efficiently integrate and manage multiple LLMs, LiteLLM offers a powerful framework that simplifies the AI integration process. Here’s how LiteLLM can help: Unified API Access : LiteLLM provides a consistent interface to interact with over 100 LLMs, including those from OpenAI, Anthropic, Hugging Face, and Azure. This simplifies switching between different AI models without altering your codebase, allowing you to be flexible and agile in your AI strategy. Proxy Server (LLM Gateway) : LiteLLM’s proxy server acts as a gateway for centralized AI management. It allows teams to monitor usage, implement guardrails, and customize logging and caching across projects, providing a comprehensive control layer that ensures both security and consistency. Python SDK : The LiteLLM Python SDK helps developers integrate AI functionalities directly into their applications with ease. It standardizes input and output formats, supports retry and fallback mechanisms, and ensures seamless integration with multiple LLM providers. Cost Tracking and Budgeting : LiteLLM enables startups to monitor and manage AI expenditures by tracking usage and setting budgets per project. This feature helps maintain cost efficiency, especially as your AI applications scale. Observability and Logging : With support for tools like Langfuse, Helicone, and PromptLayer, LiteLLM ensures you have comprehensive observability over your AI interactions. This makes debugging easier and helps you track performance metrics to continuously refine your AI integration. Streaming and Asynchronous Support : LiteLLM supports streaming responses and asynchronous operations, which is crucial for real-time AI applications that require high responsiveness. By leveraging LiteLLM, you can simplify the integration of AI capabilities, enhance scalability, and maintain cost-efficiency, making it an excellent choice for startups aiming to incorporate multiple LLMs into their tech stack. 11. Potential Challenges and Solutions in AI Integration Integrating AI into your startup comes with challenges. Here are some common pitfalls and strategies for overcoming them: Common AI Pitfalls Data Privacy Concerns : User data may be exposed during LLM interactions, creating privacy risks. Solution : Implement data anonymization techniques to strip out personally identifiable information (PII) before sending it to third-party AI models. Use encryption for data in transit and consider local processing where possible to limit exposure. Model Bias : AI LLMs can exhibit biases based on the data they were trained on, which may result in unintended consequences in your application. Solution : Conduct regular audits of model outputs to identify biases. Fine-tune AI models using curated datasets that reflect your users' diversity and values. Introduce human-in-the-loop systems to flag and correct problematic outputs. Scalability Issues : As your startup scales, increased API requests can lead to performance bottlenecks. Solution : Implement load balancing and use a combination of asynchronous processing and containerized deployments (e.g., Docker and Kubernetes) to ensure your infrastructure can scale efficiently with growing demand. Risk Management in AI Integration Model Failures : AI models can fail unpredictably, providing incorrect or incomplete responses. Solution : Use fallback strategies—if the AI model fails, implement default responses or escalate to human support. This ensures continuity in service and maintains user satisfaction. Maintaining Uptime : Relying on external LLM APIs can lead to outages that affect your product. Solution : Use redundant AI APIs from multiple providers. Incorporate a caching layer to serve responses for common queries even if the API is down. Compliance with Data Protection Regulations : Handling user data comes with legal responsibilities, including compliance with regulations like GDPR or CCPA. Solution : Work with legal experts to understand the specific data handling requirements in your region. Implement user consent mechanisms, anonymize data, and maintain a data retention policy that aligns with regulatory guidelines. Conclusion Integrating AI into your startup is an exciting journey that requires careful planning and technical rigor. Choosing the right AI model, setting up an efficient infrastructure, mitigating potential challenges, and ensuring high-quality user experience are key to success. With the power of OpenAI, Anthropic, LiteLLM, and other LLMs at your fingertips, you can create smarter, more engaging AI features that will set your startup apart. Fine is an AI coding tool that can help your startup win in the packed race to release new, AI-powered technology. Ship faster, resolve bugs and improve user satisfaction by adopting Fine as your AI coding agent. Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://www.fine.dev/blog/bolt-vs-v0-fr | Comparaison entre Bolt.new et v0 par Vercel : Quel outil de développement alimenté par l'IA convient le mieux à votre startup ? Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back Comparaison entre Bolt.new et v0 par Vercel : Quel outil de développement alimenté par l'IA convient le mieux à votre startup ? Chaque seconde compte. Choisissez la mauvaise plateforme de développement alimentée par l'IA, et vous risquez l'épuisement. Nous comparerons deux outils clés—Bolt.new et v0 par Vercel—puis nous présenterons Fine , l'alternative qui pourrait être exactement ce dont vous avez besoin. Table des Matières Introduction : Mettre la scène Aperçu de Bolt.new et v0 par Vercel Analyse Comparative Les Lacunes Cachées Entrez Fine : L'arme secrète des startups Appel à l'action : Essayez Fine aujourd'hui Conclusion Bibliographie Aperçu de Bolt.new et v0 par Vercel Bolt.new Qu'est-ce que c'est : Bolt.new est une plateforme de développement full-stack alimentée par l'IA qui fonctionne directement dans votre navigateur. Conçu pour simplifier le processus de développement, Bolt.new utilise l'intelligence artificielle pour faciliter la création rapide d'applications sans les contraintes traditionnelles. Caractéristiques clés : Génère et exécute des applications multi-pages : Créez des applications complexes et multi-pages sans effort. Utilise des invites en langage naturel : Interagissez avec la plateforme en utilisant des commandes simples en langage naturel, rendant le développement plus intuitif. Déploiement en un clic : Déployez vos applications en un seul clic, réduisant le temps entre le développement et la production. Forces : Bolt.new excelle dans le prototypage rapide et la mise à l'échelle facile. Son approche pilotée par l'IA permet aux développeurs, en particulier ceux qui débutent, de rapidement itérer sur des idées et de faire évoluer les applications à mesure que les demandes des utilisateurs augmentent, le tout dans une interface conviviale. v0 par Vercel Qu'est-ce que c'est : v0 par Vercel est un générateur d'interface utilisateur piloté par l'IA spécialement conçu pour React et Tailwind CSS. Il se concentre sur l'amélioration de l'expérience de développement front-end, facilitant la création d'interfaces utilisateur attrayantes et réactives. Caractéristiques clés : Génère des composants React à partir du langage naturel : Décrivez l'interface utilisateur souhaitée, et v0 générera les composants React correspondants. Intégration transparente avec Next.js et Tailwind : Conçu pour fonctionner parfaitement avec Next.js et Tailwind CSS, garantissant que vos projets maintiennent cohérence et évolutivité. SDK AI 3.0 pour le rendu d'interface utilisateur en temps réel : Utilisez le dernier SDK AI pour rendre les interfaces utilisateur en temps réel, facilitant les retours et ajustements immédiats. Forces : v0 est particulièrement bénéfique pour ceux qui déploient leur front-end via Vercel. Analyse Comparative Vitesse de Développement : Quel outil sort votre MVP plus rapidement ? Lorsque le temps est essentiel, la vitesse de développement est primordiale. Bolt.new brille avec ses capacités full-stack pilotées par l'IA, permettant un prototypage rapide et des transitions rapides du développement au déploiement. Sa fonctionnalité de déploiement en un clic garantit que votre produit minimum viable (MVP) peut atteindre le marché rapidement sans les retards habituels. D'un autre côté, v0 par Vercel est optimisé pour le développement front-end. Bien qu'il accélère la création d'interfaces utilisateur avec sa génération de composants pilotée par le langage naturel, il peut nécessiter des outils ou plateformes supplémentaires pour gérer les fonctionnalités back-end, allongeant potentiellement le délai de développement global pour un MVP full-stack. Gagnant : Bolt.new offre une solution plus complète pour sortir un MVP plus rapidement, surtout si votre projet exige des capacités front-end et back-end dès le départ. Intégration de la Pile Technologique : Flexibilité dans le choix des bibliothèques et des frameworks Bolt.new fournit un environnement unifié qui peut limiter la flexibilité dans le choix de bibliothèques et de frameworks spécifiques en dehors de son écosystème. Bien qu'il prenne en charge la génération et la mise à l'échelle d'applications multi-pages, l'intégration d'outils supplémentaires pourrait nécessiter des solutions de contournement ou ne pas être aussi transparente. v0 par Vercel excelle dans l'intégration de la pile technologique, en particulier pour les projets centrés sur React et Tailwind CSS. Son intégration transparente avec Next.js permet aux développeurs de tirer parti d'un framework robuste et populaire, garantissant la compatibilité avec une large gamme de bibliothèques et d'outils au sein de l'écosystème React. Gagnant : v0 par Vercel offre une plus grande flexibilité pour les projets qui reposent fortement sur des frameworks et bibliothèques front-end spécifiques, ce qui en fait un meilleur choix pour les piles technologiques centrées sur React et Tailwind. Facilité d'utilisation : À quel point sont-ils intuitifs pour les développeurs non experts ? Les deux plateformes privilégient des interfaces conviviales, mais leurs approches diffèrent. Bolt.new utilise des invites en langage naturel pour le développement, le rendant très accessible pour les développeurs non experts ou ceux qui débutent dans le développement full-stack. Son ensemble d'outils complet réduit la courbe d'apprentissage, permettant aux utilisateurs de se concentrer sur la construction plutôt que sur la configuration. v0 par Vercel utilise également des invites en langage naturel pour générer des composants d'interface utilisateur, ce qui simplifie le développement front-end. Cependant, son focus est plus spécialisé, ce qui pourrait nécessiter des utilisateurs d'avoir une compréhension de base de React et Tailwind pour tirer pleinement parti de ses capacités. Gagnant : Bolt.new se démarque légèrement comme l'option la plus intuitive pour les développeurs non experts cherchant une solution full-stack sans avoir besoin de connaissances techniques approfondies. Collaboration : Support pour les projets en équipe et les boucles de rétroaction Une collaboration efficace est essentielle pour les équipes de startups. Bolt.new offre des fonctionnalités collaboratives qui soutiennent les projets en équipe, permettant à plusieurs développeurs de travailler simultanément et d'intégrer les retours de manière transparente. Son environnement piloté par l'IA facilite la collaboration en temps réel, rendant plus facile la gestion des flux de travail d'équipe. v0 par Vercel prend également en charge la collaboration, en particulier dans le contexte du développement front-end. Son intégration avec les outils de conception et le rendu d'interface utilisateur en temps réel favorise un processus de conception et de développement collaboratif. Cependant, son focus sur le front-end pourrait nécessiter des outils de collaboration supplémentaires pour les projets back-end ou full-stack. Gagnant : Les deux plateformes offrent de solides fonctionnalités de collaboration, mais Bolt.new fournit une approche plus holistique pour les projets d'équipe full-stack, le rendant plus adapté à une collaboration d'équipe complète. Options de Déploiement : Déploiement en un clic de Bolt.new vs. Intégrations spécifiques à la plateforme de Vercel Bolt.new simplifie le déploiement avec sa fonctionnalité de déploiement en un clic, permettant aux développeurs de pousser leurs applications en production sans effort. Ce processus simplifié est idéal pour les startups nécessitant des déploiements rapides sans configuration étendue. v0 par Vercel, faisant partie de l'écosystème Vercel, offre des intégrations spécifiques à la plateforme qui fournissent un déploiement optimisé pour les applications front-end. Bien qu'il excelle dans le déploiement de projets React et Tailwind, le processus pourrait nécessiter plus d'étapes par rapport à l'approche de déploiement tout-en-un de Bolt.new. Gagnant : Bolt.new offre un processus de déploiement plus rapide et plus simple, ce qui est avantageux pour les startups cherchant à minimiser les complexités de déploiement. Coût et Accessibilité : Niveaux gratuits vs. plans payants et limitations Bolt.new et v0 par Vercel offrent tous deux des niveaux gratuits, permettant aux startups d'explorer leurs fonctionnalités sans engagement financier immédiat. Cependant, leurs plans payants varient en termes de fonctionnalités et d'évolutivité. Le niveau gratuit de Bolt.new inclut des fonctionnalités essentielles pour les petits projets, mais la mise à l'échelle pourrait nécessiter une mise à niveau vers des plans payants offrant des capacités améliorées comme des fonctionnalités avancées d'IA et des limites de déploiement plus élevées. v0 par Vercel s'intègre dans le modèle de tarification de Vercel, qui propose des plans évolutifs basés sur l'utilisation. Le niveau gratuit est généreux pour les projets front-end, mais une utilisation intensive ou le besoin d'intégrations avancées nécessitera de passer à un plan payant. Gagnant : Les deux plateformes offrent des structures de tarification compétitives, mais Bolt.new peut présenter une solution plus rentable pour les besoins full-stack, tandis que v0 par Vercel est idéal pour les startups fortement axées sur le développement front-end. Les Lacunes Cachées Bien que Bolt.new et v0 par Vercel offrent des fonctionnalités impressionnantes, ils ont leurs lacunes que les startups devraient considérer. Où Bolt.new est insuffisant : Intégrations limitées avec les gestionnaires de problèmes : Bolt.new manque d'intégrations étendues avec des gestionnaires de problèmes populaires comme GitHub ou Linear , qui sont essentiels pour gérer les flux de travail de développement et suivre les bugs. Où v0 par Vercel est insuffisant : Support limité pour le back-end et le full-stack : v0 est principalement axé sur la génération d'interface utilisateur front-end , offrant un support limité pour les solutions back-end et full-stack, ce qui peut entraver le développement d'applications complètes. Lacunes communes : Automatisation collaborative minimale : Les deux plateformes fournissent des fonctionnalités de collaboration de base mais manquent d' automatisation collaborative avancée au-delà du développement individuel, rendant difficile la gestion efficace de projets d'équipe plus grands et plus complexes. Entrez Fine : L'arme secrète des startups Bien que Bolt.new et v0 par Vercel aient chacun leurs forces, Fine émerge comme la solution ultime qui comble leurs lacunes et offre un environnement de développement plus complet adapté aux startups. Comment Fine comble les lacunes : Support complet des agents IA : Fine prend en charge le développement front-end et back-end, fournissant des agents IA qui gèrent l'ensemble de la pile. Cela élimine le besoin de jongler avec plusieurs outils et garantit un processus de développement cohérent. Aperçus en direct : Construisez, exécutez et testez vos applications directement dans le navigateur avec les aperçus en direct de Fine. Cette fonctionnalité permet aux développeurs de voir les changements en temps réel, facilitant les retours immédiats et les itérations plus rapides. Automatisation des flux de travail : Fine automatise les tâches répétitives, réduisant les temps de cycle de développement et permettant aux développeurs de se concentrer sur ce qui compte vraiment—créer des solutions innovantes. Les fonctionnalités d'automatisation rationalisent les flux de travail, améliorant la productivité et l'efficacité. Collaboration en équipe : Avec des espaces de travail partagés, Fine offre une gestion de projet rationalisée pour les équipes. Plusieurs développeurs peuvent travailler ensemble sans heurts, avec des boucles de rétroaction intégrées et des outils collaboratifs qui améliorent le travail d'équipe et la communication. Avantages spécifiques pour les startups : Lancements de MVP plus rapides avec moins de bugs : L'ensemble d'outils complet et les capacités pilotées par l'IA de Fine permettent aux startups de développer et de lancer leurs MVP rapidement tout en maintenant une haute qualité de code, réduisant la probabilité de bugs et d'erreurs. Cohérence et qualité du code améliorées : La plateforme impose des normes de codage cohérentes et des meilleures pratiques, garantissant que la base de code reste maintenable et évolutive à mesure que la startup grandit. Intégration avec GitHub et Linear pour un flux de travail de bout en bout : Fine s'intègre parfaitement avec des outils populaires comme GitHub et Linear, fournissant un flux de travail de bout en bout qui englobe le contrôle de version, le suivi des problèmes et la gestion de projet. Cette intégration garantit que tous les aspects du développement sont interconnectés et facilement gérables. Appel à l'action : Essayez Fine aujourd'hui Que vous soyez intrigué par l'environnement full-stack tout-en-un de Bolt.new ou la génération d'interface utilisateur élégante de v0 par Vercel, Fine offre le parfait mélange des deux mondes—et bien plus encore. En répondant aux limitations des deux plateformes et en fournissant un environnement de développement plus holistique, Fine se distingue comme le choix optimal pour les startups cherchant à gagner du temps, réduire la complexité et évoluer efficacement. Prêt à élever votre processus de développement ? Essayez Fine aujourd'hui avec notre essai gratuit ou profitez de notre processus d'inscription facile pour commencer à construire votre prochaine grande idée sans tracas. Conclusion Choisir le bon outil de développement est une décision critique pour les startups cherchant à construire des applications robustes et évolutives efficacement. Bolt.new offre une solution full-stack puissante avec des capacités de déploiement rapide, tandis que v0 par Vercel excelle dans la génération d'interface utilisateur front-end et l'intégration transparente avec React et Tailwind. Cependant, les deux plateformes ont leurs limitations, notamment dans des domaines comme les intégrations complètes et l'automatisation collaborative. Fine émerge comme la solution ultime pour les développeurs de startups, comblant les lacunes laissées par Bolt.new et v0 par Vercel. Avec son support complet des agents IA, ses aperçus en direct, son automatisation des flux de travail et ses fonctionnalités robustes de collaboration en équipe, Fine permet aux startups de lancer plus rapidement, de maintenir une haute qualité de code et d'évoluer sans heurts. L'histoire de réussite de votre startup commence avec les bons outils. Choisissez Fine et mettez votre processus de développement sur la voie de l'efficacité, de l'innovation et de la croissance . Table des Matières Complète Introduction : Mettre la scène Aperçu de Bolt.new et v0 par Vercel Bolt.new v0 par Vercel Analyse Comparative Vitesse de Développement : Quel outil sort votre MVP plus rapidement ? Intégration de la Pile Technologique : Flexibilité dans le choix des bibliothèques et des frameworks Facilité d'utilisation : À quel point sont-ils intuitifs pour les développeurs non experts ? Collaboration : Support pour les projets en équipe et les boucles de rétroaction Options de Déploiement : Déploiement en un clic de Bolt.new vs. Intégrations spécifiques à la plateforme de Vercel Coût et Accessibilité : Niveaux gratuits vs. plans payants et limitations Les Lacunes Cachées Où Bolt.new est insuffisant Où v0 par Vercel est insuffisant Lacunes communes Entrez Fine : L'arme secrète des startups Comment Fine comble les lacunes Avantages spécifiques pour les startups Appel à l'action : Essayez Fine aujourd'hui Conclusion Bibliographie Bibliographie 10Web. (n.d.). v0 par Vercel Review: Features, Pros, and Cons. Retrieved from https://10web.io/ai-tools/v0-by-vercel/ AI Product Reviews. (2024). Bolt.new: Features, Pricing, and Alternatives. Retrieved from https://ai-product-reviews.com/boltnew AI Review. (2023). v0 par Vercel: Price, Pros & Cons, Alternatives, App Reviews. Retrieved from https://ai-review.com/developer-tools/v0-by-vercel/ Aideloje, P. (2024). Vercel v0 and the future of AI-powered UI generation. Retrieved from https://blog.logrocket.com/vercel-v0-ai-powered-ui-generation/ Ånand, M. (2024). Should You Try v0, Webcrumbs or Both?. Retrieved from https://hackernoon.com/should-you-try-v0-webcrumbs-or-both Bolt. (2024). Documentation for Bolt.new. Retrieved from https://docs.bolt.new Bolt. (2024). GitHub Repository: Bolt.new. Retrieved from https://github.com/coleam00/bolt.new-any-llm Bolt. (2024). Introducing Bolt.new: AI-Powered Full-Stack Development in Your Browser. Retrieved from https://bolt.new Gelfenbuim, L. (2023). Vercel v0 First Impressions. Retrieved from https://lev.engineer/blog/vercel-v0-first-impressions Harris, L. (2024). Bolt.new vs. Vercel v0: Which AI Tool is Better for Web Development?. Retrieved from https://ai-tool-comparison.com/bolt-vs-v0 Johnson, R. (2024). How Bolt.new Simplifies Full-Stack Development for AI Enthusiasts. Retrieved from https://codejournal.io/boltnew-ai NoCodeDevs. (2024). Bolt.new Tutorial for Beginners (The Cursor AI and v0 Killer). Retrieved from https://www.nocodedevs.com/videos/bolt-new-tutorial Parkhomchuk, V. (2024). Vercel v0 AI Review: How To Use, Features And Alternatives. Retrieved from https://www.banani.co/blog/vercel-v0-ai-review Patel, D. (2024). Bolt.new Review: The Future of Full-Stack AI Development?. Retrieved from https://dev.to/patel/best-ai-tools/boltnew Rajab, A. (2024). What is Vercel's AI tool, V0.dev and how do you use it?. Retrieved from https://dev.to/opensauced/what-is-vercels-ai-tool-v0dev-and-how-do-you-use-it-3nge Rivera, J. (2024). Bolt.new Tutorial: Building a Full-Stack App Without Local Setup. Retrieved from https://tutorialcenter.com/boltnew StackShare. (n.d.). Bolt.new - Reviews, Pros & Cons | Companies using Bolt.new. Retrieved from https://stackshare.io/bolt-new StackShare. (n.d.). v0 par Vercel - Reviews, Pros & Cons | Companies using v0 par Vercel. Retrieved from https://stackshare.io/v0-vercel Vercel. (2024). AI SDK 3.0: Now Supporting Generative UI. Retrieved from https://vercel.com/blog/ai-sdk-3-generative-ui Vercel. (2024). Announcing v0: Generative UI by Vercel. Retrieved from https://vercel.com/blog/announcing-v0-generative-ui Vercel. (2024). v0 FAQ. Retrieved from https://v0.dev/faq Vercel. (2024). v0 Subscription Plans. Retrieved from https://v0.dev/subscription Wavel. (n.d.). v0 Review - Features, Pricing and Alternatives. Retrieved from https://wavel.io/ai-tools/v0-2/ YouTube. (2024). Bolt.new | Vercel v0 Killer? Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-frcOq6Kdc Zeniteq. (2024). Vercel's V0 Can Build Web Frontend In Seconds Using AI. Retrieved from https://www.zeniteq.com/blog/vercels-v0-can-build-web-frontend-in-seconds-using-ai Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction | Introduction to the CSS box model - CSS | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web CSS Guides Box model Introduction Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português (do Brasil) Русский 中文 (简体) Introduction to the CSS box model When laying out a document, the browser's rendering engine represents each element as a rectangular box according to the standard CSS basic box model . CSS determines the size, position, and properties (color, background, border size, etc.) of these boxes. Every box is composed of four parts (or areas ), defined by their respective edges: the content edge , padding edge , border edge , and margin edge . In this article Content area Padding area Border area Margin area See also Content area The content area , bounded by the content edge, contains the "real" content of the element, such as text, an image, or a video player. Its dimensions are the content width (or content-box width ) and the content height (or content-box height ). It often has a background color or background image. If the box-sizing property is set to content-box (default) and if the element is a block element, the content area's size can be explicitly defined with the width , min-width , max-width , height , min-height , and max-height properties. Padding area The padding area , bounded by the padding edge, extends the content area to include the element's padding. Its dimensions are the padding-box width and the padding-box height . The thickness of the padding is determined by the padding-top , padding-right , padding-bottom , padding-left , and shorthand padding properties. Border area The border area , bounded by the border edge, extends the padding area to include the element's borders. Its dimensions are the border-box width and the border-box height . The thickness of the borders are determined by the border-width and shorthand border properties. If the box-sizing property is set to border-box , the border area's size can be explicitly defined with the width , min-width , max-width , height , min-height , and max-height properties. When there is a background ( background-color or background-image ) set on a box, it extends to the outer edge of the border (i.e., extends underneath the border in z-ordering). This default behavior can be altered with the background-clip CSS property. Margin area The margin area , bounded by the margin edge, extends the border area to include an empty area used to separate the element from its neighbors. Its dimensions are the margin box width and the margin box height . The size of the margin area is determined by the margin-top , margin-right , margin-bottom , margin-left , and shorthand margin properties. When margin collapsing occurs, the margin area is not clearly defined since margins are shared between boxes. Finally, note that for non-replaced inline elements, the amount of space taken up (the contribution to the height of the line) is determined by the line-height property, even though the borders and padding are still displayed around the content. See also CSS box model module Layout and the containing block Introducing the CSS Cascade Learn: Handling conflicts CSS key concepts: CSS syntax At-rules Comments Specificity Inheritance Layout modes Visual formatting model Margin collapsing Values: Initial values Computed values Used values Actual values Value definition syntax Shorthand properties Replaced elements Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Nov 20, 2025 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar CSS Guides Modules Anchor positioning Animations Backgrounds and borders Basic user interface Borders and box decorations Box alignment Box model Box sizing Cascading and inheritance Color adjustment Colors Compositing and blending Conditional rules Containment Counter styles CSSOM view Custom functions and mixins Custom highlight API Custom properties for cascading variables Display Easing functions Environment variables Filter effects Flexible box layout Font loading Fonts Fragmentation Generated content Grid layout Images Inline layout Lists and counters Logical properties and values Masking Media queries Motion path Multi-column layout Namespaces Nesting Overflow Overscroll behavior Paged media Positioned layout Properties and values API Pseudo-elements Round display Ruby layout Scoping Scroll anchoring Scroll snap Scroll-driven animations Scrollbars styling Selectors Shadow parts Shapes Syntax Table Text Text decoration Transforms Transitions Values and units View transitions Viewport Writing modes Anchor positioning Using anchor positioning Handling overflow Animations Animatable properties Using animations Backgrounds and borders Using multiple backgrounds Resizing background images Scaling SVG backgrounds Box alignment Overview In block layout In flexbox In grid layout In multi-column layout Box model Introduction Margin collapsing Box sizing Aspect ratios Cascade Introduction Inheritance Specificity Property value processing Shorthand properties Cascading variables Using custom properties Colors Applying color Color values Using relative colors Using color wisely Accessibility: Colors and luminance Accessibility: Color contrast Columns Basic concepts Styling columns Using multi-column layouts Spanning and balancing columns Handling overflow Handling content breaks Conditional rules Using feature queries Using container scroll-state queries Containment Container queries Using containment Using container size and style queries CSSOM view Coordinate systems (API) Viewport concepts Custom functions and mixins Using CSS custom functions Display Block and inline layout Flow layout Flow layout and overflow Flow layout and writing modes In flow and out of flow Layout and the containing block Formatting contexts Block formatting context Inline formatting context Using multi-keyword syntax Visual formatting model Environment variables Using environment variables Filter effects Using filter effects Flexbox Basic concepts Flexbox and other layouts Aligning flex items Ordering flex items Controlling flex item ratios Wrapping flex items Typical use cases Fonts OpenType features Variable fonts WOFF Grid Basic concepts Grid and other layouts Using line-based placement Grid template areas Using named grid lines Using auto-placement Aligning items Logical values and writing modes Grid layout and accessibility Common grid layouts Subgrid Masonry layout Experimental Images Using gradients Using object-view-box Styling replaced elements Implementing image sprites Lists and counters Using counters Indenting lists Logical properties Basic concepts For floating and positioning For margins, borders, and padding For sizing Masking Introduction Clipping Multiple masks Mask properties Media queries Using media queries For accessibility Testing Printing Nesting style rules Nesting at-rules Nesting and specificity Using nesting Overflow Creating carousels Positioning Stacking context Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Stacking floating elements Understanding z-index Using z-index Stacking without z-index Scroll anchoring Overview Scroll-driven animations Scroll-driven animation timelines Scroll snap Basic concepts Using scroll snap events Selectors Selectors and combinators Selector structure Privacy and :visited Using :target Shapes Overview Box-value shapes Image-based shapes Using shape-outside Syntax Introduction Comments At-rules Error handling Text Wrapping and breaking text Handling whitespace Text decoration Text shadows Transforms Using transforms Transitions Using transitions Values and units Value definition syntax Numeric data types Textual data types Using math functions Using typed arithmetic Writing modes Introduction Vertical form controls How to Layout cookbook Media objects Column layouts Center an element Sticky footers Split navigation Breadcrumb navigation List group with badges Pagination Card Grid wrapper Contribute a recipe Cookbook template Tools Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator Reference Properties -moz-* -moz-float-edge Non-standard Deprecated -moz-force-broken-image-icon Non-standard Deprecated -moz-orient Non-standard -moz-user-focus Non-standard Deprecated -moz-user-input Non-standard Deprecated -webkit-* -webkit-border-before Non-standard -webkit-box-reflect Non-standard -webkit-mask-box-image Non-standard -webkit-mask-composite Non-standard -webkit-mask-position-x Non-standard -webkit-mask-position-y Non-standard -webkit-mask-repeat-x Non-standard -webkit-mask-repeat-y Non-standard -webkit-tap-highlight-color Non-standard -webkit-text-fill-color -webkit-text-security Non-standard -webkit-text-stroke -webkit-text-stroke-color -webkit-text-stroke-width -webkit-touch-callout Non-standard Custom properties (--*): CSS variables accent-color align-* align-content align-items align-self alignment-baseline all anchor-name anchor-scope animation-* animation animation-composition animation-delay animation-direction animation-duration animation-fill-mode animation-iteration-count animation-name animation-play-state animation-range animation-range-end animation-range-start animation-timeline animation-timing-function appearance aspect-ratio backdrop-filter backface-visibility background-* background background-attachment background-blend-mode background-clip background-color background-image background-origin background-position background-position-x background-position-y background-repeat background-size baseline-source block-size border-* border border-block border-block-color border-block-end border-block-end-color border-block-end-style border-block-end-width border-block-start border-block-start-color border-block-start-style border-block-start-width border-block-style border-block-width border-bottom border-bottom-color border-bottom-left-radius border-bottom-right-radius border-bottom-style border-bottom-width border-collapse border-color border-end-end-radius border-end-start-radius border-image border-image-outset border-image-repeat border-image-slice border-image-source border-image-width border-inline border-inline-color border-inline-end border-inline-end-color border-inline-end-style border-inline-end-width border-inline-start border-inline-start-color border-inline-start-style border-inline-start-width border-inline-style border-inline-width border-left border-left-color border-left-style border-left-width border-radius border-right border-right-color border-right-style border-right-width border-spacing border-start-end-radius border-start-start-radius border-style border-top border-top-color border-top-left-radius border-top-right-radius border-top-style border-top-width border-width bottom box-* box-align Non-standard Deprecated box-decoration-break box-direction Non-standard Deprecated box-flex Non-standard Deprecated box-flex-group Non-standard Deprecated box-lines Non-standard Deprecated box-ordinal-group Non-standard Deprecated box-orient Non-standard Deprecated box-pack Non-standard Deprecated box-shadow box-sizing break-* break-after break-before break-inside caption-side caret-* caret Experimental caret-animation Experimental caret-color caret-shape Experimental clear clip-* clip Deprecated clip-path clip-rule color-* color color-interpolation color-interpolation-filters color-scheme column-* column-count column-fill column-gap column-rule column-rule-color column-rule-style column-rule-width column-span column-width columns contain-* contain contain-intrinsic-block-size contain-intrinsic-height contain-intrinsic-inline-size contain-intrinsic-size contain-intrinsic-width container-* container container-name container-type content content-visibility corner-* corner-block-end-shape Experimental corner-block-start-shape Experimental corner-bottom-left-shape Experimental corner-bottom-right-shape Experimental corner-bottom-shape Experimental corner-end-end-shape Experimental corner-end-start-shape Experimental corner-inline-end-shape Experimental corner-inline-start-shape Experimental corner-left-shape Experimental corner-right-shape Experimental corner-shape Experimental corner-start-end-shape Experimental corner-start-start-shape Experimental corner-top-left-shape Experimental corner-top-right-shape Experimental corner-top-shape Experimental counter-* counter-increment counter-reset counter-set cursor cx cy d direction display dominant-baseline dynamic-range-limit empty-cells field-sizing fill-* fill fill-opacity fill-rule filter flex-* flex flex-basis flex-direction flex-flow flex-grow flex-shrink flex-wrap float flood-color flood-opacity font-* font font-family font-feature-settings font-kerning font-language-override font-optical-sizing font-palette font-size font-size-adjust font-smooth Non-standard font-stretch Deprecated font-style font-synthesis font-synthesis-position Experimental font-synthesis-small-caps font-synthesis-style font-synthesis-weight font-variant font-variant-alternates font-variant-caps font-variant-east-asian font-variant-emoji font-variant-ligatures font-variant-numeric font-variant-position font-variation-settings font-weight forced-color-adjust gap grid-* grid grid-area grid-auto-columns grid-auto-flow grid-auto-rows grid-column grid-column-end grid-column-start grid-row grid-row-end grid-row-start grid-template grid-template-areas grid-template-columns grid-template-rows hanging-punctuation height hyphenate-character hyphenate-limit-chars hyphens image-* image-orientation image-rendering image-resolution Experimental initial-letter inline-size inset-* inset inset-block inset-block-end inset-block-start inset-inline inset-inline-end inset-inline-start interactivity Experimental interest-* interest-delay Experimental interest-delay-end Experimental interest-delay-start Experimental interpolate-size Experimental isolation justify-* justify-content justify-items justify-self left letter-spacing lighting-color line-* line-break line-clamp line-height line-height-step Experimental list-* list-style list-style-image list-style-position list-style-type margin-* margin margin-block margin-block-end margin-block-start margin-bottom margin-inline margin-inline-end margin-inline-start margin-left margin-right margin-top margin-trim Experimental marker-* marker marker-end marker-mid marker-start mask-* mask mask-border mask-border-mode mask-border-outset mask-border-repeat mask-border-slice mask-border-source mask-border-width mask-clip mask-composite mask-image mask-mode mask-origin mask-position mask-repeat mask-size mask-type math-* math-depth math-shift math-style max-* max-block-size max-height max-inline-size max-width min-* min-block-size min-height min-inline-size min-width mix-blend-mode object-* object-fit object-position object-view-box Experimental offset-* offset offset-anchor offset-distance offset-path offset-position offset-rotate opacity order orphans outline-* outline outline-color outline-offset outline-style outline-width overflow-* overflow overflow-anchor overflow-block overflow-clip-margin overflow-inline overflow-wrap overflow-x overflow-y overlay Experimental overscroll-* overscroll-behavior overscroll-behavior-block overscroll-behavior-inline overscroll-behavior-x overscroll-behavior-y padding-* padding padding-block padding-block-end padding-block-start padding-bottom padding-inline padding-inline-end padding-inline-start padding-left padding-right padding-top page-* page page-break-after Deprecated page-break-before Deprecated page-break-inside Deprecated paint-order perspective perspective-origin place-* place-content place-items place-self pointer-events position-* position position-anchor position-area position-try position-try-fallbacks position-try-order position-visibility print-color-adjust quotes r reading-flow Experimental reading-order Experimental resize right rotate row-gap ruby-* ruby-align ruby-overhang ruby-position rx ry scale scroll-* scroll-behavior scroll-margin scroll-margin-block scroll-margin-block-end scroll-margin-block-start scroll-margin-bottom scroll-margin-inline scroll-margin-inline-end scroll-margin-inline-start scroll-margin-left scroll-margin-right scroll-margin-top scroll-marker-group Experimental scroll-padding scroll-padding-block scroll-padding-block-end scroll-padding-block-start scroll-padding-bottom scroll-padding-inline scroll-padding-inline-end scroll-padding-inline-start scroll-padding-left scroll-padding-right scroll-padding-top scroll-snap-align scroll-snap-stop scroll-snap-type scroll-target-group Experimental scroll-timeline scroll-timeline-axis scroll-timeline-name scrollbar-* scrollbar-color scrollbar-gutter scrollbar-width shape-* shape-image-threshold shape-margin shape-outside shape-rendering speak-as Experimental stop-color stop-opacity stroke-* stroke stroke-dasharray stroke-dashoffset stroke-linecap stroke-linejoin stroke-miterlimit stroke-opacity stroke-width tab-size table-layout text-* text-align text-align-last text-anchor text-autospace text-box text-box-edge text-box-trim text-combine-upright text-decoration text-decoration-color text-decoration-inset Experimental text-decoration-line text-decoration-skip Experimental text-decoration-skip-ink text-decoration-style text-decoration-thickness text-emphasis text-emphasis-color text-emphasis-position text-emphasis-style text-indent text-justify text-orientation text-overflow text-rendering text-shadow text-size-adjust Experimental text-spacing-trim Experimental text-transform text-underline-offset text-underline-position text-wrap text-wrap-mode text-wrap-style timeline-scope top touch-action transform-* transform transform-box transform-origin transform-style transition-* transition transition-behavior transition-delay transition-duration transition-property transition-timing-function translate unicode-bidi user-modify Non-standard Deprecated user-select vector-effect vertical-align view-* view-timeline view-timeline-axis view-timeline-inset view-timeline-name view-transition-class view-transition-name visibility white-space white-space-collapse widows width will-change word-break word-spacing writing-mode x y z-index zoom Selectors & nesting selector Attribute selectors Class selectors ID selectors Keyframe selectors Namespace separator Selector list Type selectors Universal selectors Combinators Child combinator Column combinator Experimental Descendant combinator Next-sibling combinator Subsequent-sibling combinator Pseudo-classes :-moz-* :-moz-broken Non-standard Deprecated :-moz-drag-over Non-standard :-moz-first-node Experimental Non-standard :-moz-handler-blocked Non-standard :-moz-handler-crashed Non-standard :-moz-handler-disabled Non-standard :-moz-last-node Experimental Non-standard :-moz-loading Non-standard :-moz-locale-dir(ltr) Non-standard :-moz-locale-dir(rtl) Non-standard :-moz-only-whitespace Non-standard :-moz-submit-invalid Non-standard :-moz-suppressed Non-standard :-moz-user-disabled Non-standard :-moz-window-inactive Non-standard :active-* :active :active-view-transition :active-view-transition-type() :any-link :autofill :blank Experimental :buffering :checked :current Experimental :default :defined :dir() :disabled :empty :enabled :first-* :first :first-child :first-of-type :focus-* :focus :focus-visible :focus-within :fullscreen :future :has-slotted :has() :heading Experimental :heading() Experimental :host :host-context() Deprecated :host() :hover :in-range :indeterminate :interest-source Experimental :interest-target Experimental :invalid :is() :lang() :last-child :last-of-type :left :link :local-link Experimental :modal :muted :not() :nth-* :nth-child() :nth-last-child() :nth-last-of-type() :nth-of-type() :only-child :only-of-type :open :optional :out-of-range :past :paused :picture-in-picture :placeholder-shown :playing :popover-open :read-only :read-write :required :right :root :scope :seeking :stalled :state() :target-* :target :target-after Experimental :target-before Experimental :target-current Experimental :user-invalid :user-valid :valid :visited :volume-locked :where() Pseudo-elements ::-moz-* ::-moz-color-swatch Non-standard ::-moz-focus-inner Non-standard Deprecated ::-moz-list-bullet Experimental Non-standard ::-moz-list-number Experimental Non-standard ::-moz-meter-bar Non-standard ::-moz-progress-bar Experimental Non-standard ::-moz-range-progress Non-standard ::-moz-range-thumb Non-standard ::-moz-range-track Non-standard ::-webkit-* ::-webkit-inner-spin-button Non-standard ::-webkit-meter-bar Non-standard Deprecated ::-webkit-meter-even-less-good-value Non-standard ::-webkit-meter-inner-element Non-standard ::-webkit-meter-optimum-value Non-standard ::-webkit-meter-suboptimum-value Non-standard ::-webkit-progress-bar Non-standard ::-webkit-progress-inner-element Non-standard ::-webkit-progress-value Non-standard ::-webkit-scrollbar Non-standard ::-webkit-search-cancel-button Non-standard ::-webkit-search-results-button Non-standard ::-webkit-slider-runnable-track Non-standard ::-webkit-slider-thumb Non-standard ::after ::backdrop ::before ::checkmark Experimental ::column Experimental ::cue ::details-content ::file-selector-button ::first-letter ::first-line ::grammar-error ::highlight() ::marker ::part() ::picker-icon Experimental ::picker() Experimental ::placeholder ::scroll-* ::scroll-button() Experimental ::scroll-marker Experimental ::scroll-marker-group Experimental ::selection ::slotted() ::spelling-error ::target-text ::view-* ::view-transition ::view-transition-group() ::view-transition-image-pair() ::view-transition-new() ::view-transition-old() At-rules @charset @color-profile @container @counter-style @custom-media Experimental @document Non-standard Deprecated @font-face @font-feature-values @font-palette-values @function Experimental @import @keyframes @layer @media @namespace @page @position-try @property @scope @starting-style @supports @view-transition Values !important fit-content inherit initial max-content min-content revert revert-layer rule-list unset Types <absolute-size> <alpha-value> <angle-percentage> <angle> <axis> <baseline-position> <basic-shape> <blend-mode> <box-edge> <calc-keyword> <calc-sum> <color-interpolation-method> <color> <content-distribution> <content-position> <corner-shape-value> Experimental <custom-ident> <dashed-function> Experimental <dashed-ident> <dimension> <display-box> <display-inside> <display-internal> <display-legacy> <display-listitem> <display-outside> <easing-function> <filter-function> <flex> <frequency-percentage> <frequency> <generic-family> <gradient> <hex-color> <hue-interpolation-method> <hue> <ident> <image> <integer> <length-percentage> <length> <line-style> <named-color> <number> <overflow-position> <overflow> <percentage> <position-area> <position> <ratio> <relative-size> <resolution> <self-position> <shape> Deprecated <string> <system-color> <text-edge> <time-percentage> <time> <timeline-range-name> <transform-function> <url> Functions -moz-image-rect Non-standard Deprecated abs() acos() anchor-size() anchor() asin() atan() atan2() attr() blur() brightness() calc-size() Experimental calc() circle() clamp() color-mix() color() conic-gradient() contrast-color() contrast() cos() counter() counters() cross-fade() cubic-bezier() device-cmyk() drop-shadow() dynamic-range-limit-mix() Experimental element() Experimental ellipse() env() exp() fit-content() grayscale() hsl() hue-rotate() hwb() hypot() if() Experimental image-set() image() inset() invert() lab() lch() light-dark() linear-gradient() linear() log() matrix() matrix3d() max() min() minmax() mod() oklab() oklch() opacity() paint() path() perspective() polygon() pow() progress() radial-gradient() ray() rect() rem() repeat() repeating-conic-gradient() repeating-linear-gradient() repeating-radial-gradient() rgb() rotate() rotate3d() rotateX() rotateY() rotateZ() round() saturate() scale() scale3d() scaleX() scaleY() scaleZ() sepia() shape() sibling-count() sibling-index() sign() sin() skew() skewX() skewY() sqrt() steps() superellipse() Experimental symbols() tan() translate() translate3d() translateX() translateY() translateZ() type() Experimental url() var() xywh() Your blueprint for a better internet. 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https://socket.io/docs/v4/azure-service-bus-adapter/ | Azure Service Bus adapter | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Adapters Introduction Redis adapter Redis Streams adapter MongoDB adapter Postgres adapter Cluster adapter Google Cloud Pub/Sub adapter AWS SQS adapter Azure Service Bus adapter Advanced Migrations Miscellaneous Adapters Azure Service Bus adapter Version: 4.x On this page Azure Service Bus adapter How it works This adapter uses Azure Service Bus service to forward messages between the nodes of a Socket.IO cluster. The source code of this adapter can be found here . Supported features Feature socket.io version Support Socket management 4.0.0 ✅ YES (since version 0.1.0 ) Inter-server communication 4.1.0 ✅ YES (since version 0.1.0 ) Broadcast with acknowledgements 4.5.0 ✅ YES (since version 0.1.0 ) Connection state recovery 4.6.0 ❌ NO Installation npm install @socket.io/azure-service-bus-adapter Usage import { ServiceBusClient , ServiceBusAdministrationClient } from "@azure/service-bus" ; import { Server } from "socket.io" ; import { createAdapter } from "@socket.io/azure-service-bus-adapter" ; const connectionString = "Endpoint=..." ; const serviceBusClient = new ServiceBusClient ( connectionString ) ; const serviceBusAdminClient = new ServiceBusAdministrationClient ( connectionString ) ; const io = new Server ( { adapter : createAdapter ( serviceBusClient , serviceBusAdminClient ) } ) ; // wait for the creation of the subscription await io . of ( "/" ) . adapter . init ( ) ; io . listen ( 3000 ) ; Options Name Description Default value topicName The name of the topic. socket.io topicOptions The options used to create the topic. - subscriptionPrefix The prefix of the subscription (one subscription will be created per Socket.IO server in the cluster). socket.io receiverOptions The options used to create the subscription. - topicOptions The options used to create the receiver. - heartbeatInterval The number of ms between two heartbeats. 5_000 heartbeatTimeout The number of ms without heartbeat before we consider a node down. 10_000 Latest releases Version Release date Release notes Diff 0.1.0 March 2024 link - Complete changelog Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous AWS SQS adapter Next Namespaces How it works Supported features Installation Usage Options Latest releases Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://www.fine.dev/blog/ai-coding-tools-all | The Top AI Coding Tools and Assistants in 2024 Home Docs Changelog Pricing Sign in Get started -> Menu Home Docs Changelog Pricing <- Go Back The Top AI Coding Tools and Assistants in 2024 Do you find yourself going crazy with all the different AI coding tools available? There are so many (here we list 32, but more are announced every week), it's hard to cut through the noise and understand which are the most useful AI coding tools. One thing is for certain: in today's fast-evolving software development landscape, AI coding tools are becoming essential for enhancing productivity, streamlining workflows, and improving code quality. Startups and agencies are looking to adopt the best AI coding tool to help them ship faster, better software and gain a competitive edge. This guide reviews 32 AI coding assistants available in 2024, discussing their features, pricing, and accessibility. Of course, we encourage you to check out Fine , the end-to-end AI coding tool designed to slot in to your team's collaborative workflows. Whilst many of the platforms listed focus on one aspect (code gen, testing, etc) - Fine is the AI Coding tool offering it all. Table of Contents Introduction Top 32 AI Coding Tools and Assistants Available for Immediate Use Fine.dev GitHub Copilot ChatGPT Amazon CodeWhisperer Tabnine Replit AI (Ghostwriter) Codiga Sourcery DeepCode (Snyk) CodeWP AIXcoder Cody (Sourcegraph) Figstack Android Studio Bot Amazon CodeGuru Security Mutable AI Ponicode Otter.ai Snyk Cursor Bolt Codium Qodo Void Editor Honeycomb Pear AI Magic AlphaCode Code Llama StableCode Visual Copilot Devin Conclusion FAQs Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized software development, with a plethora of coding tools now available to assist developers. Whether it's automating repetitive tasks, suggesting code improvements, or enhancing security, AI coding assistants have something to offer for every level of developer. Top 32 AI Coding Tools and Assistants Here’s a comprehensive list of the top AI coding assistants in 2024, divided into categories based on availability. Available for Immediate Use Fine - End-to-end AI coding assistant for every stage of the dev lifecycle, with full context awareness. Fine learns your codebase via the GitHub integration to minimize errors and maximize usefulness. It can turn issues into PRs; add docs, tests and logs; answer questions about your code; make revisions to PRs or summarize them; review your code and more. Based in the cloud, it's available via mobile as well as desktop. GitHub Copilot – Offers real-time code suggestions using OpenAI Codex. It helps developers write code more efficiently by predicting entire lines or blocks of code based on the context and the developer's intent. GitHub Copilot supports a wide range of programming languages and is integrated into popular development environments like Visual Studio Code, making it accessible and easy to use. Available plans start at $10/month. Pricing : $10/month (individual), $19/month (business) ChatGPT – Versatile AI assistant capable of code generation and debugging. A free version is available, while ChatGPT Plus costs $20/month. ChatGPT doesn't integrate with your codebase, so you'll need to copy and paste between your editor and the site. Pricing : Free, $20/month for Plus Amazon CodeWhisperer – Integrates seamlessly with AWS services, providing real-time code completions. Free tier available; Pro plan starts at $19/user per month. Pricing : Free, $19/user per month for Pro Tabnine – AI-powered code completion with a focus on privacy. Pricing : Free, $12/month for Pro Replit AI (Ghostwriter) – Collaborative cloud-based IDE offering code generation and debugging features, particularly useful for those with no coding experience or already using Replit. Pricing : $10/month for Core, $33/user per month for Teams Codiga – Real-time static code analysis tool with a free tier; Pro plan costs $14/month. Pricing : Free, $14/month for Pro Sourcery – AI code reviewer. Improves code quality through automated refactoring. Uses GPT4-turbo Pricing : Free for open-source, $12/month for Pro DeepCode (Snyk) – Detects security vulnerabilities in real-time. Free for individuals, with team plans starting at $27/month. Pricing : Free for individuals, $27/month per user CodeWP – AI-powered code generator specifically for WordPress. Pricing starts at $18/month. Pricing : Free, $18/month for Pro AIXcoder – Offers intelligent code completion with support for multiple IDEs. Free and custom enterprise plans available. Pricing : Free, custom pricing for enterprises Cody (Sourcegraph) – Supports project-wide code assistance, offering features like code navigation, large-scale search, and contextual help across entire projects, ensuring that developers can maintain consistency and quality across their entire codebase. Pricing : Free option available, paid plans start at $9 per month. Figstack – Assists with code documentation and optimization, priced at $10/month after a free trial. Pricing : $10/month after free trial Android Studio Bot – Available for free as part of Android Studio. Pricing : Free Amazon CodeGuru Security – Helps optimize code security, free for the first 90 days. Post-trial pricing is $10/month. Pricing : $10/month after first 90 days Mutable AI – Creates a wiki for your codebase. Pricing : Free for open source, basic plan starts at $2 per month. Snyk – Offers code and dependency vulnerability detection. Free for individuals; team plans start at $25/month. Pricing : Free for individuals, $27/month for teams Cursor – Cursor is a powerful AI coding assistant designed to streamline the software development process by providing intelligent code completions, contextual code suggestions, and explanations. It supports a wide range of programming languages and integrates smoothly with popular IDEs, making it an efficient tool for both individual developers and teams. Cursor aims to enhance productivity by reducing the time spent on repetitive coding tasks, offering automated code fixes, and facilitating collaboration. Free for basic use; premium features pricing varies. – Free for basic use; premium features pricing varies. Pricing : Varies Bolt – Although commonly described as a Cursor and V0 killer, Bolt seems to be a ChatGPT for front-end development. It's built by Stackblitz, the cloud-based web-development platform that lets you write, run and debug frontend code in your browser. Pricing : Free to start with paid subscriptions available in the app. Codeium – In-IDE AI coding assistant. Offers autocomplete, chat, and inline commands. Pricing : Free plan available, paid plans start at $10 per month. Qodo – AI coding tool that emphasis quality code, helping developers generate, test and review code. Pricing : Free version available, or $19 per month. Enterprise options available. Void Editor – Void describe themselves as an Open-Source alternative to Cursor offering greater privacy. Their logo seems similar to squarespace. Offers the ability to use the tab button to autocomplete the code you're writing - similar to GitHub Copilot. Waitlist access only, no pricing information available. Honeycomb – AI coding tool announced in August 2024 as a YC-backed startup, but the announcement and website have since disappeared. Still viewable on X . Pear AI – AI-powered coding assistant focused on improving development workflows, available at Pear AI. Built as a fork of Continue, which is a fork of VSCode, leading to controversy during their launch. Pricing : Free plan available requiring your own API keys. "Junior" plan for $15 per month includes limited credits for Claude and GPT4o with more credits available for purchase.. Magic – Requires a waitlist to access during the early access phase. AlphaCode – Limited to research and special projects. Code Llama – Open-source, but some hosted services may be restricted. Stable Code Alpha – Available as part of stability.ai membership. Visual Copilot – AI coding assistant for design-to-code. Import designs from Figma and turn into code. Free plan available with 4K context window and 20 code generations; Basic plan $19 per month, Growth plan $39 per month. Devin – Available only in early access; requires joining the waitlist. Conclusion AI coding tools continue to evolve, offering unique features to boost developer productivity. From real-time code suggestions to comprehensive security checks, developers can choose from a variety of options based on their needs and budget. FAQs Q: Are there any free AI coding tools? A: Yes, many tools offer free tiers or trials, including Fine. Q: How can I access Devin or Magic? A: Both tools require joining a waitlist for early access. Q: Are these tools suitable for beginners? A: Yes, many of these tools cater to all skill levels, providing resources and support for new developers. Important note: Information about platforms, their availability, features and pricing, is based on an automated internet search and may be inaccurate or out-of-date. Last updated: 2024-10-10 Start building today Try out the smoothest way to build, launch and manage an app Try for Free -> © Fine.dev - All rights reserved. Product Overview AI Workflows Pricing & Plans Changelog Blog Docs Company Press Terms & Conditions Privacy policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
https://socket.io/docs/v4/namespaces/#introduction | Namespaces | Socket.IO Skip to main content Latest blog post (July 25, 2024): npm package provenance . Socket.IO Docs Guide Tutorial Examples Emit cheatsheet Server API Client API Ecosystem Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor 4.x 4.x 3.x 2.x Changelog English English Español Français Português (Brasil) 中文（中国） Search Socket.IO Documentation Server Client Events Adapters Advanced Namespaces Custom parser Admin UI Usage with PM2 Load testing Performance tuning Migrations Miscellaneous Advanced Namespaces Version: 4.x On this page Namespaces A Namespace is a communication channel that allows you to split the logic of your application over a single shared connection (also called "multiplexing"). Introduction Each namespace has its own: event handlers io . of ( "/orders" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( "order:list" , ( ) => { } ) ; socket . on ( "order:create" , ( ) => { } ) ; } ) ; io . of ( "/users" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( "user:list" , ( ) => { } ) ; } ) ; rooms const orderNamespace = io . of ( "/orders" ) ; orderNamespace . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . join ( "room1" ) ; orderNamespace . to ( "room1" ) . emit ( "hello" ) ; } ) ; const userNamespace = io . of ( "/users" ) ; userNamespace . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { socket . join ( "room1" ) ; // distinct from the room in the "orders" namespace userNamespace . to ( "room1" ) . emit ( "holà" ) ; } ) ; middlewares const orderNamespace = io . of ( "/orders" ) ; orderNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // ensure the socket has access to the "orders" namespace, and then next ( ) ; } ) ; const userNamespace = io . of ( "/users" ) ; userNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // ensure the socket has access to the "users" namespace, and then next ( ) ; } ) ; Possible use cases: you want to create a special namespace that only authorized users have access to, so the logic related to those users is separated from the rest of the application const adminNamespace = io . of ( "/admin" ) ; adminNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { // ensure the user has sufficient rights next ( ) ; } ) ; adminNamespace . on ( "connection" , socket => { socket . on ( "delete user" , ( ) => { // ... } ) ; } ) ; your application has multiple tenants so you want to dynamically create one namespace per tenant const workspaces = io . of ( / ^\/\w+$ / ) ; workspaces . on ( "connection" , socket => { const workspace = socket . nsp ; workspace . emit ( "hello" ) ; } ) ; Main namespace Until now, you interacted with the main namespace, called / . The io instance inherits all of its methods: io . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { } ) ; io . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) } ) ; io . emit ( "hello" ) ; // are actually equivalent to io . of ( "/" ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { } ) ; io . of ( "/" ) . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) } ) ; io . of ( "/" ) . emit ( "hello" ) ; Some tutorials may also mention io.sockets , it's simply an alias for io.of("/") . io . sockets === io . of ( "/" ) Custom namespaces To set up a custom namespace, you can call the of function on the server-side: const nsp = io . of ( "/my-namespace" ) ; nsp . on ( "connection" , socket => { console . log ( "someone connected" ) ; } ) ; nsp . emit ( "hi" , "everyone!" ) ; Client initialization Same-origin version: const socket = io ( ) ; // or io("/"), the main namespace const orderSocket = io ( "/orders" ) ; // the "orders" namespace const userSocket = io ( "/users" ) ; // the "users" namespace Cross-origin/Node.js version: const socket = io ( "https://example.com" ) ; // or io("https://example.com/"), the main namespace const orderSocket = io ( "https://example.com/orders" ) ; // the "orders" namespace const userSocket = io ( "https://example.com/users" ) ; // the "users" namespace In the example above, only one WebSocket connection will be established, and the packets will automatically be routed to the right namespace. Please note that multiplexing will be disabled in the following cases: multiple creation for the same namespace const socket1 = io ( ) ; const socket2 = io ( ) ; // no multiplexing, two distinct WebSocket connections different domains const socket1 = io ( "https://first.example.com" ) ; const socket2 = io ( "https://second.example.com" ) ; // no multiplexing, two distinct WebSocket connections usage of the forceNew option const socket1 = io ( ) ; const socket2 = io ( "/admin" , { forceNew : true } ) ; // no multiplexing, two distinct WebSocket connections Dynamic namespaces It is also possible to dynamically create namespaces, either with a regular expression: io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) ; or with a function: io . of ( ( name , auth , next ) => { next ( null , true ) ; // or false, when the creation is denied } ) ; You can have access to the new namespace in the connection event: io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { const namespace = socket . nsp ; } ) ; The return value of the of() method is what we call the parent namespace, from which you can: register middlewares const parentNamespace = io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) ; parentNamespace . use ( ( socket , next ) => { next ( ) } ) ; The middleware will automatically be registered on each child namespace. broadcast events const parentNamespace = io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) ; parentNamespace . emit ( "hello" ) ; // will be sent to users in /dynamic-1, /dynamic-2, ... caution Existing namespaces have priority over dynamic namespaces. For example: // register "dynamic-101" namespace io . of ( "/dynamic-101" ) ; io . of ( / ^\/dynamic-\d+$ / ) . on ( "connection" , ( socket ) => { // will not be called for a connection on the "dynamic-101" namespace } ) ; Complete API The complete API exposed by the Namespace instance can be found here . Edit this page Last updated on Nov 15, 2025 Previous Azure Service Bus adapter Next Custom parser Introduction Main namespace Custom namespaces Client initialization Dynamic namespaces Complete API Documentation Guide Tutorial Examples Server API Client API Help Troubleshooting Stack Overflow GitHub Discussions Slack News Blog Twitter Tools CDN Admin UI About FAQ Changelog Roadmap Become a sponsor Copyright © 2026 Socket.IO | 2026-01-13T08:48:24 |
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