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bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.17.1.3 UE Authentication for S&F and Parameter Negotiation | In order to authenticate UE without contacting HSS on the ground, this solution proposes to pre-store ciphered UE subscription information for S&F operation in the UE side (USIM), and upload such ciphered UE subscription information to the SFCF during the initial attach procedure. When the SFCF receives the ciphered UE... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.17.1.4 Storing and Forwarding MO Data | A UE can send the MO data to the serving satellite after successful attach. The MO data can be stored in the S-GW or SCEF. The S-GW or SCEF may start the S&F data storage timer which is determined based on satellite ephemeris information and satellite storage quota, so that the S-GW or SCEF can recycle the satellite st... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.17.1.5 Storing and Forwarding MT Data | When the P-GW/NTN gateway receives a notification for UE's downlink data packet from the server, it has to obtain the UE location to determine which satellite is serving that UE.
NOTE: It is FFS how the P-GW/NTN gateway obtains the UE location.
When the feeder link of that satellite is available, the P-GW/NTN gateway f... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.17.2 Procedures | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.17.2.1 Attach with MO data transmission | Figure 6.17.2-1: Initial attach and MO data transmission for CIoT under S&F Satellite Operation
0a. The HSS provides S&F UE subscription information key materials to the SFCF. The UE stores ciphered S&F UE subscription information.
NOTE: The HSS provisioning of S&F UE subscription information key materials to SFCF and ... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.17.2.2 Tracking Area Update with MO/MT data transmission | According to the reference architecture, UE may trigger tracking area update procedures the same as the satellite access and discontinuous coverage conditions for Cellular IoT as specified in the clause 5.3.3.0 of TS 23.401 [5].
Moreover, after the UE complete the data transmission and if it wants to use the PSM, it ma... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.17.2.3 Service Request for MO Data transmission | Figure 6.17.2-3 shows the procedure for Mobile Originated Data Transport in Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimisation for Store and Forward Operation.
Figure 6.17.2-3: MO Data transport in Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimisation for Store and Forward Operation
1. The UE has registered with the network.
2. The UE sends data to th... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.17.3 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces | This solution impacts the following system entities.
HSS:
- S&F UE subscription information preparation.
S&F control function (SFCF):
- Catch S&F UE subscription information.
- Execute security related operations.
Satellite eNodeB(S-eNB):
- Broadcast Satellite ID and/or Storage and forwarding mode.
S&F UE:
- Stores S&F... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.18 Solution #18: Attach Procedure with MME and HSS on board the satellite | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.18.1 Description | This solution address key issue#2.
In order to support the attach under the S&F Satellite operation, the proposed solution follows the assumptions and principles as below:
- The eNB, MME and HSS are placed on board the same satellite.
- The eNB on board satellite broadcasts that it is in S&F satellite operation mode.
-... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.18.2 Procedures | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.18.2.1 Procedures for E-UTRAN Attach in case the onboard HSS holds subscription and credentials for the UE | The procedure for E-UTRAN Attach under the S&F Satellite operation in case the onboard HSS holds subscription and credentials for the UE is shown in the Figure 6.18.2-1.
Figure 6.18.2-1: Attach Procedure under the S&F Satellite Operation in case the onboard HSS holds subscription and credentials for the UE
0. When serv... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.18.2.2 Procedures for E-UTRAN Attach in case no subscription and credentials for the UE is stored in the onboard HSS | The procedure for E-UTRAN Attach under the S&F Satellite operation in case no subscription and credentials for the UE is stored in the onboard HSS is shown in the Figure 6.18.2-2.
Figure 6.18.2-2: Attach Procedure under the S&F Satellite Operation in case no subscription and credentials for the UE is stored in the onbo... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.18.2.3 Procedure for MO Data Transport in Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimisation under S&F Satellite Operation | The procedure for MO data transport in Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimisation under S&F Satellite Operation is shown in the Figure 6.18.2-3.
Figure 6.18.2-3: MO data transport in Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimisation under S&F Satellite Operation
0. The UE is ECM-IDLE.
1. When the service link is available, the UE establish... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.18.2.4 Procedure for MT Data Transport in Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimisation under S&F Satellite Operation | The procedure for MT data transport in Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimisation under S&F Satellite Operation is shown in the Figure 6.18.2-4:
Figure 6.18.2-4: MT data transport in Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimisation under S&F Satellite Operation
0. The UE is EPS attached and in ECM-Idle mode.
1. The S-GW receives downlink ... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.18.3 Impacts to Services, Entities and Interfaces | This solution impacts the following entities.
UE:
- Indicate its capability to support the S&F satellite operation in the Attach Request message.
eNB:
- Indicate it is in the S&F satellite operation mode in the SIB.
MME:
- Indicate its capability to support the S&F satellite operation in the Attach Accept message.
- Re... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.19 Solution #19: Store and Forward Operation using a UE Proxy and Endpoint Proxy | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.19.1 Description | This solution supports KI#2.
A satellite operating in satellite store and forward (SSF) mode contains the functionally of a RAN node (eNB or gNB) plus a CN and has an on board proxy for remote endpoints, referred to as an endpoint proxy. A UE with Release 17 or 18 satellite access capability sees a satellite in SSF mod... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.19.2 Procedures | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.19.2.1 Support of MO and MT Transactions | An MO or MT transaction can correspond to:
- Transfer of one SMS message (e.g. using NAS or IMS).
- Transfer of a set of data to or from one remote endpoint using CP CIoT or UP.
- SIP session establishment to or from one remote endpoint, one way transfer of media (e.g. voice, video and/or text) followed by SIP session ... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.19.2.2 Support of Security | For UE access to a satellite in SSF mode with 4G access, the IOPS solution defined in Informative Annex F of TS 33.401 [23] is used, where satellites replace the HSSs used for IOPS. This requires an IOPS capable USIM in a UE which can either be the normal USIM enhanced for IOPS or a dual USIM that is used by the UE onl... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.19.2.3 Transition between SSF and Real Time Modes | Orbiting LEO and MEO satellites can support SSF mode along orbital segments where no feeder link is available and real time mode along segments where a feeder link is available. UEs which only see satellites on the SSF segments or only on the real tine segments would not need to deal with mode transitions. However othe... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.19.2.4 Support of Discontinuous Satellite Coverage in SSF Mode | With discontinuous satellite coverage, a UE may not be able to send and receive much MO and MT transaction data in SSF mode before coverage is lost and may be limited to only certain times of sending and receiving. For example with just one minute of satellite coverage, MO transactions initiated by a user and MT transa... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.19.3 Impacts to Services, Entities and Interfaces | SMS Service:
- Applications and users of SMS need to expect longer than normal delay.
Data Services (e.g. IP, UDP/IP. TCP/IP. Non-IP):
- Applications and users are restricted to sending data one way where an Endpoint Proxy or UE Proxy sends preconfigured Reponses at a transport and application level to allow correct pr... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.20 Solution #20: Solution on enabling S&F operation and data delivery with only eNB onboard satellite | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.20.1 Description | This solution resolves KI#2 Store and Forward operation with only eNB onboard satellite.
This solution assumes the following:
- Only eNB is embedded and the eNB can buffers data for Store and Forward operation and no other Core Network function is embedded in the satellite.
- UE and MME negotiate about the support of S... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.20.2 Procedures | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.20.2.1 Attach Procedure | The procedure for Initial Attach for S&F operation is depicted in Figure 6.20.2.1-1. The steps enclosed in dashed line boxes are executed when either only service link or feeder link is available.
Figure 6.20.2.1-1: Attach Procedure with eNB onboard satellite
1. UE provides Attach Request to the satellite broadcasts th... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.20.2.2 MT Data delivery in CIoT EPS Optimisation for Store and Forward Operation if feeder link is available | Figure 6.20.2.2-1: MT Data delivery in CIoT EPS Optimisation for Store and Forward Operation if feeder link is available
0. The UE is EPS attached and in ECM-Idle mode. For the UE that operates in User Plane CIoT EPS Optimisations is in ECM-Idle mode with suspend.
1. S-GW receives a downlink data packet for a UE, it bu... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.20.2.3 MT Data delivery in CIoT EPS Optimisation for Store and Forward Operation if the feeder link is unavailable | Figure 6.20.2.3-1: MT Data delivery in CIoT EPS Optimisation for Store and Forward Operation if the feeder link is unavailable
0. The UE is EPS attached and in ECM-Idle mode. For the UE that operates in User Plane CIoT EPS Optimisations is in ECM-Idle mode with suspend.
1. The S-GW receives a downlink data packet for a... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.20.2.4 MO Data Delivery in CIoT EPS Optimisation for Store and Forward Operation | Figure 6.20.2.4-1: MO Data delivery in CIoT EPS Optimisation for Store and Forward Operation
0. The UE is EPS attached and in ECM-Idle mode. For the UE that operates in User Plane CIoT EPS Optimisations is in ECM-Idle mode with suspend and steps 10 - 13 in Figure 6.20.2.2-1 is performed before the feeder link between e... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.20.3 Impacts to Services, Entities and Interfaces | UE:
- Suspend the NAS procedure based on the orbital period calculated based on the ephemeris information in the SIB from eNB.
- RRC connection indicates S&F mode operation.
- Trigger TAU with another satellite that supports Store and Forward operation in the SIB if the UE cannot find the current satellite after the TA... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.21 Solution #21: Support of store and forward satellite operation in EPS | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.21.1 Description | This solution resolves KI#2 about supporting store and forward satellite operation for delay-tolerant/non-real-time services. The solution is based on architecture with eNB on board and all EPC functionality are deployed on the ground, as shown in figure 6.21.1-1.
Figure 6.21.1-1: Regenerative based satellite architect... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.21.2 Procedures | 1 Attach procedure
Figure 6.21.2-1: UE attach procedure based on regenerative satellite architecture
The attach procedure for supporting store and forward feature is described as below:
1. The UE accesses EPC via satellite access with eNB on-board. The UE sends attach request message to the network.
2. The attach reque... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.21.3 Impacts to Services, Entities and Interfaces | The on-board eNB has the following impacts:
- Reports S&F capability to MME.
- Receives and stores S&F subscription information for the UE.
- Detects the available/unavailable of service link/feeder link.
- Performs S&F operation based on UE S&F subscription information.
The MME has the following impacts:
- Determine t... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22 Solution #22 for Key Issue #2: Support of Store and Forward Satellite operation for SMS and Data Transmission | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22.1 Introduction | This solution corresponds to KT#2 to enable SMS and data transmission services with store and forward satellite operation. It supports one satellite serving a UE (Scenario1) and Multiple satellites serving a UE (Scenario 2). |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22.2 Description | This solution is applicable for the satellite architecture for SMS in MME and data transmission in Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimisation, as shown in figure below, based on the architectures in Annex C of TS 23.272 [18] and TS 23.401 [5].
The core network elements deployed on satellite include:
- MME: An on-board MME can... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22.3 Procedures | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22.3.1 Provision of available communication information | This procedure is used to inform the ground NFs about the availability communication information.
The availability communication information can be transmitted by on-board NFs to ground NFs at the node level once the feeder link is available. The per-node messages are transmitted through interfaces e.g. S6a between the... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22.3.2 MT SMS Delivery procedure related to HSS | This procedure is used when the HSS knows there is an MT SMS to be sent from SMS-GMSC to UE.
Figure 6.22.3.2-1: MT SMS Delivery procedure related to HSS
1. The UE attaches or performs Tracking Area Update to EPS network via Regenerative-based satellite access, which supports store and forward operation. The on-board MM... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22.3.3 MT SMS Delivery procedure related to MME | This procedure is used after the MME receives a MT SMS from SMS-GMSC when the satellite is connected to the ground via feeder link.
Figure 6.22.3.3-1: MT SMS Delivery procedure related to MME
1. The MME receives the MT SMS and determines which option to perform. The MME can store the MT SMS received from SMS-GMSC and f... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22.3.4 MT/MO data transmission | Figure 6.22.3.4-1: MT data transmission in S&F operation mode
0. The UE is EPS attached and in ECM-Idle mode.
1-2. The P-GW sends the DL data to S-GW received from SGi, e.g. from Application Server. The S-GW determines whether the DL data can be sent to on-board MME, based on the stored availability communication infor... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22.3.5 Support for multiple satellites serving a UE | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22.3.5.1 UE context synchronization among multiple satellites | Figure 6.22.3.5.1-1: UE context synchronization among multiple satellites serving a UE
1. UE attaches to EPS network via MME on-board Satellite #1 by using other solutions, e.g. Solution#11, 12 and 15, described in other chapters.
2. During the attachment, when the feeder link is available, the MME on-board Satellite #... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22.3.5.2 MT/MO SMS delivery procedure | MT SMS delivery procedure for Scenario 2 is performed by reusing the MT SMS delivery procedure for Scenario 1 in clauses 6.22.3.2 and 6.22.3.3 with the following enhancements:
- In step 4 of clause 6.22.3.2, the HSS determines one MME within the list stored in HSS, to be responsible for sending MT SMS to the UE, based ... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22.3.5.3 MT/MO data transmission procedure | MT data transmission procedure for the Scenario 2 is performed by reusing the MT data transmission procedure for Scenario 1 defined in clause 6.22.3.4, with the following enhancements:
- In step 2 of Figure 6.22.3.4-1, the S-GW determines one MME within the list stored in S-GW, to be responsible for sending MT data to ... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.22.4 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces | The following impacts are foreseen by this solution:
MME:
- The MME determines the available communication information and provides it to the ground NFs (e.g. HSS) and/or S-GW) at the node level.
- Upon reception of an MT SMS from SMS-GMSC, the MME decides to store and forward it this time, or reject it and then receiv... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.23 Solution #23: Support for SMS in satellite network for S&F operation | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.23.1 Key Issue mapping | This solution addresses the SMS support of Key Issue #2 (Support of Store and Forward Satellite operation). |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.23.2 Description | Consider the extreme case depicted in Figure 6.23.2-1 with a satellite orbit consisting of only one LEO satellite:
Figure 6.23.2-1: Incomplete satellite orbit with only one satellite
Assuming that the satellite orbit is located at 500 km altitude, the orbital period is roughly equal to 90 minutes. The size of the satel... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.23.3 Procedures | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.23.3.1 Mobile Terminated SMS | The procedure for Mobile Terminated SMS (MT SMS) in a satellite network for S&F operation is depicted in Figure 6.23.3-1. The steps enclosed in dashed line boxes are executed as atomic procedures.
Figure 6.23.3.1-1: MT SMS in satellite network for S&F operation
1-3. When the SC / SMS-GMSC has an MT SMS for the UE, the ... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.23.3.2 Mobile Originated SMS | The procedure for Mobile Originated SMS (MO SMS) in a satellite network for S&F operation is depicted in Figure 6.23.3-2. The steps enclosed in dashed line boxes are executed as atomic procedures.
Figure 6.23.3.1-1: MO SMS in satellite network for S&F operation
1-2. When the UE has an MO-SMS for the network, the UE est... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.23.4 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces | MME impact:
- Ability for split operation with MME-SAT and MME-GND component on the satellite and on the ground, respectively. |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.24 Solution #24: Enhancement of registration and PDU session establishment to support on-board S&F | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.24.1 Description | The Store and Forward (S&F) Satellite operation in a 5G system with satellite access is intended to provide some level of communication service for UEs under satellite coverage with intermittent/temporary satellite connectivity (e.g. when the satellite is not connected via a feeder link or via ISL to the ground network... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.24.2 Procedures | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.24.2.1 Option 1: Procedures of User plane enabled S&F | To support mechanisms for a UE to register with the network when the network is in S&F Satellite operation, this solution proposes the UE request the registration and PDU session establishment into single procedure. Following enhancement are supposed to be supported by (R)AN.
1. When the S&F operations are supported an... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.24.2.1.1 Procedures of registration in S&F mode | Figure 6.24.2.1.1-1: Procedures of registration in S&F mode
1. UE sends the registration and PDU session establishment request to (R)AN. The request message includes the AN message (AN parameters, Registration Request), the detailed can be fined in clause 4.2.2.2.2 of TS 23.502 [3]. And the AN parameters include the in... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.24.2.2 Option 2: Procedures of 5GC enabled S&F | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.24.2.2.1 Enhancement of the registration procedures | When the AMF, SMF, UDM/AUSF are all on-boarded, the registration procedures follow Registration procedures defined in clause 4.2.2.2 of TS 23.502 [3]. The differences are:
- The step 16 could be skipped, since the AM policy could be predefined.
- After the on-board registration completion, the on-board UDM may send the... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.24.2.2.1 Enhancement of the session management procedures | When the AMF, SMF, UDM/AUSF are all on-boarded, the registration procedures follow Registration procedures defined in clause 4.2.2.2 of TS 23.502 [3]. The differences are:
- The step 7 and/or step 9 could be skipped, since the SM policy could be predefined.
- The capability of NF supporting the S&F need to be indicated... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.24.3 Impacts to Services, Entities and Interfaces | User plane on-board:
- SMF: selection of UPF based on the satellite ID and ephemeris information.
- (R)AN: Store the request from the UE in S&F mode.
The timers related to registration procedure and PDU session establishment procedure may need to be updated.
Control plane and user plane on-board:
- UDM: subscription da... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.25 Solution #25: UE reachability estimation | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.25.1 Key Issue mapping | This solution aims to the resolve the Key Issue #2, "Support of Store and Forward Satellite operation". |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.25.2 Description | The URE is a new network element located on ground responsible for estimating which non-terrestrial network element can reach the UE in shortest amount of time possible. The following figure shows a possible architecture, including the URE.
Figure 6.25.2-1: Architecture of EPC including UE Reachability Estimator |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.25.3.1 UE Reachability Estimation (Satellite Location/Coverage Information) | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.25.3.1.1 UE reachability estimation | The UE reachability is a function of both:
1. UE location (and optionally trajectory and velocity, if available); and
2. Satellite (MME-NT) location, velocity, and ephemeris. This includes when there is a feeder link between the ground and a SAT and when there is Uu radio connectivity between the SAT and the UE.
For a ... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.25.3.1.2 URE and MME-T interaction and use-cases | An MME-T that would like to know when a given UE is reachable interrogates the URE for this UE. The URE responds with the earliest possible "UE Reachability Time", "UE Reachability Duration" and candidate Satellites (MME-NT). There are several use cases where an MME-T may interrogate the URE, for example:
1. To set a t... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.25.3.1.3 Reachability Modes | The information provided in the URE response to the terrestrial network element varies depending on a selected "Reachability Mode" (RM). The RM determines how the UE is reachable; for example, "Same SAT Mode" (SSM), "Any SAT Mode" (ASM) or "Fastest Reachable Mode" (FRM) (via inter-SAT link).
"Same SAT Mode" (SSM) assum... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.25.4 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces | MME-T:
- New interface towards URE to fetch UE reachability estimates.
HSS:
- Optional interface from URE to HSS for retrieving last known location. |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.26 Solution #26: Provision of Store and Forward Satellite Specific Parameters | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.26.1 Description | This solution considers the following key issue:
- Key Issue #2: Support of Store and Forward Satellite operation.
Especially, it focuses on the provisioning procedure needed before performing S&F Satellite operation
In the existing 5GS, the provisioning capability allows an external party to provision the information,... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.26.2 Procedures | Figure 6.26.2-1 shows the overall procedure for Provision of Store and Forward Satellite Specific Parameters.
Figure 6.26.2-1: Overall Procedure for Provision of Store and Forward Satellite Specific Parameters
1. The AF provides one or more parameter(s) to be created or updated, or deleted in a Nnef_ParameterProvision_... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.26.3 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces | NEF and UDM service operations:
- Adding new parameter "Store and Forward Satellite Specific Parameters" as Input parameter of Nnef_ParameterProvision and Nudm_ParameterProvision. |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.27 Solution #27: Performance optimization for the transport of MT/MO S&F traffic | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.27.1 Description | This solution targets partially for the KI#2, i.e. S&F satellite operation, revolving around how to optimize the transport of both MT (Downlink) and MO (Uplink) traffic, including data and signalling, under the scenario of intermittent feeder link, for NR NTN case. Its main objective lies at addressing the potential ov... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.27.1.1 S&F Deployment Architecture | The deployment architecture for the proposed solution is shown in the Figure 6.27.1.1. The proposed deployment scheme also answers the item: "The minimum necessary set of core network functions that would be on-board satellite(s)".
In the diagram, we add one I-UPF on-board satellite. Note that it is the only core netwo... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.27.1.2 Performance impact from the accumulation of stored MT/MO traffic | When the feeder link is out of service, the S&F Satellite operation stores MO traffic from UEs on-board satellite(s), and simultaneously MT traffic from DN on the ground.
Figure 6.27.1.2: Deployment Sites of Performance Optimization
As our solution in the clause 6.27.1.1 has proposed to deploy an I-UPF on-board satelli... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.27.1.3 Performance optimization to forward accumulated MT/MO traffic | At the first glance, since the Priority Level associated with 5G QoS indicates a priority in scheduling resources among QoS flows, it could be a good candidate to mitigate the potential overload impact. Further, a corresponding S&F forwarding priority could also be defined/derived based on the 'Priority-Level' paramete... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.27.2 Procedures | Precondition: UE has successfully registered with the 5G network. |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.27.2.1 General procedure for performance optimization | Figure 6.27.2.1: High-level Procedure for Overloading Mitigation
0a. An AF function sends the satellite ephemeris data to NEF (untrusted) or to PCF (trusted), from which PCF generates PCC rule and sends to SMF.
NOTE 1: The provision of satellite ephemeris data could reference how the SCAI, i.e. satellite coverage avail... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.27.2.2 Enhanced procedure for S&F UE Registration | This procedural enhancement is for a UE supporting the satellite S&F service to register with the 5G system. The objective is, upon UE registration, for UEs and 5GS to negotiate the S&F operation support. The enhancement is supplementary to the procedure as defined in clause 4.2.2.2.2 of TS 23.502 [3].
The enhanced ste... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.27.2.3 Enhanced procedure for S&F Service Request | This procedural enhancement is for the service request between UEs and 5GS that support the S&F satellite service. The objective is for 5GC to select (I-)UPFs that support S&F service. The enhancement is supplementary to the procedures as defined in clauses 4.2.3.2 and 4.2.3.3 of TS 23.502 [3].
Similar to clause 6.27.2... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.27.3 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces | AF:
- Send satellite ephemeris data, including the starting coverage time and the ending time of a satellite for a serving area.
PCF:
- Receive the satellite ephemeris data.
- Determine feeder link availability duration (e.g. Tb and Te).
- Generate PCC rule.
SMF:
- Receive & send the PCC rule (containing the feeder lin... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.28 Solution #28: UE-Satellite-UE Communication via UPFs onboard the satellites | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.28.1 Description | This solution corresponds to KI#3 Support of UE-satellite-UE communication.
Assumptions of the solution:
- gNB and UPF are the necessary nodes to be deployed on the satellites.
- During the call setup procedure, the IMS system will determine to use UE-Satellite-UE communication. The media plane node of the IMS system, ... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.28.1.1 Reference Architecture | The examples of network architecture are listed in the Annex C. For this solution, gNBs and UPFs are deployed on the satellites, and the diagram is shown in the Figure 6.28.1-1.
Figure 6.28.1-1: Network architecture
UE1 and UE2 can be served by a same satellite or different satellites. In this figure, the two UEs are s... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.28.1.2 Identifying UEs applicable for UE-Satellite-UE Communication | During the call setup procedure, the IMS system is able to trigger the UE-SAT-UE communication based on NR satellite access type, the UEs' codec capabilities, operator policy and UEs' subscription data. The subscription data may be Cx/Dx data which are validated by S-CSCF, or Sh data validated by AS.
Once the IMS syste... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.28.1.3 UL CL/BP/local PSA UPF selection for UE-Satellite-UE Communication | To enable UE-satellite-UE communication using NGSO satellite constellation, UL CL/BP/local PSA UPF located on the satellite needs to be selected to establish PDU Session for each involved UE.
The MO UE and MT UE may select two different UPFs as UL CL/BP/local PSA UPF respectively which deployed on different satellites.... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.28.2 Procedures | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.28.2.1 UE-satellite-UE communication procedure in IMS system | Figure 6.28.2-1 depicts the signaling flows of the solution.
Figure 6.28.2.1-1: UE-SAT-UE communication procedure in IMS system
In this figure, P-CSCF1, S-CSCF and AS1 are the serving IMS nodes of UE1, and UE2's serving nodes are P-CSCF2, S-CSCF2 and AS2. Other nodes like I-CSCF and HSS are not shown for brevity purpos... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.28.2.2 Ground common SMF for UE-SAT-UE communication | Figure 6.28.2.2-1 depicts the signalling flows of the solution .
Figure 6.28.2.2-1: Ground common SMF for UE-SAT-UE communication
1. UE1 is served by gNB1 deployed on the satellite SAT1 and establishes the PDU session for IMS call, i.e. the DNN is IMS. The dedicated SMF can be discovered by AMF via NRF, and the discove... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.28.2.3 Ground common I/V-SMF for UE-SAT-UE communication | Figure 6.28.2.3-1 depicts the signaling flows of the case where UE1 is in the home PLMN, UE2 is roaming (home-routed) in the UE1's PLMN.
Figure 6.28.2.3-1: Ground common I/V-SMF for UE-SAT-UE communication
1. UE1 establishes the IMS PDU session via the gNB1 on the satellite, and the ground UPFx is selected as the PSA U... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.28.2.4 Handover procedure when serving satellite changes | Figure 6.28.2.4-1 depicts the handover procedure when serving satellite changes.
Figure 6.28.2.3-1: Handover procedure when serving satellite changes
0a. UE1 and UE2 is in UE-SAT-UE communication.UE1 is served by satellite S-SAT1 and UE2 is served by satellite SAT2. The media path between the UEs is UE1 <-> SAT1(S-gNB1... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.28.3 Impacts to Services, Entities and Interfaces | This solution may have the following impacts:
PCF:
- Support the UE-SAT-UE communication indication and target UE address.
SMF:
- Support the UE-SAT-UE communication indication and target UE address.
- Trigger I-SMF insertion and deletion procedure for UE-SAT-UE communication.
- Trigger V-SMF re-selection procedure for... |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.29 Solution #29: SMF activated UE-satellite-UE communication for IMS service | |
bb41941961990826fe11f1fd44c6e58e | 23.700-29 | 6.29.1 Description | IMS voice calls through the UE-satellite-UE communication link can significantly reduce the load on the feeder link and minimize end-to-end delays between UEs. In the context of onboarding RAN and UPF on a satellite, UEs within the same HPLMN will establish connections via the same satellite, i.e. RAN and UPF. In this ... |
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