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6.10.4 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces
N4 interface is extended to exchange information related to Target UPF information in case of N4 Session release. Nupf_EventExposure service is extended to include indication to notify information related to target UPF in case of UPF relocation. Nupf_EventExposure Notify can include the information of the target UPF in...
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6.11 Solution #11: Direct subscription of UPF event from NEF/trusted AF or NWDAF
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6.11.1 Description
This solution addresses the case the NF service consumer of the UPF event exposure is NEF or trusted AF. In this solution, the untrusted AF with SLA via NEF or trusted AF within the same 5GC domain directly can subscribe UPF exposure events in following cases: - The solution is applicable if data collection from UPF if...
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6.11.2 Procedures
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6.11.2.1 Direct subscription of UPF Event Exposure service from NEF/trusted AF
Figure 6.11.2.1-1: Direct subscription of UPF event exposure from NEF or trusted AF
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6.11.2.2 Direct subscription of UPF Event Exposure service from NWDAF
Figure 6.11.2.2-1: Direction subscription of UPF event exposure from NWDAF Pre-condition as step 0: NWDAF service consumer send Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_Request or Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe request to the NWDAF, including requested target(s) and optionally AoI. 1. The NWDAF determines whether needs to collect ...
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6.11.3 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces
NEF or trusted AF: - Supports direct subscription of UPF event exposure service for the applicable events with extension of possible requested target(s) and filters. - Support to invoke Nnrf_NFDiscovery service operation with requested target(s) to discover the serving UPF(s) for the requested UPF event. NWDAF: - Suppo...
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6.12 Solution #12: Direct subscription to UPF Event Exposure service via N6
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6.12.1 Key Issue mapping
This solution is for KI #2.
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6.12.2 Description
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6.12.2.1 General
In this solution direct subscription via N6 to the UPF Event Exposure service by an AF is described. The following related issues are addressed: - How does the AF request the 5GC to directly subscribe to the UPF Event Exposure service via N6, and how is it authorized to directly subscribe to the UPF Event Exposure serv...
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6.12.2.2 Solution Description
If a UPF supports direct subscription via N6 to its Event Exposure service, it advertises this in its NF profile that it registers at the NRF. Dedicated Event Exposure service instances for direct subscription via N6 may be used as these service instances are accessed via N6 and hence exposed. Common Event Exposure ser...
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6.12.3 Procedures
Figure 6.12.3-1: Setting up an AF session with required QoS procedure with request for direct subscription via N6 to the UPF Event Exposure service The AF session with required QoS procedure described in clause 4.15.6.6 of TS 23.502 [3] is leveraged with the following extensions: 1. The AF includes in the Nnef_AFsessio...
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6.12.4 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces
AF: - Supports direct subscription via N6 to the UPF Event Exposure service for QoS Monitoring of a UE's PDU Session, - Supports proper security mechanism, e.g. providing an authorization token in the subscription request. - Supports "PSA UPF change" via receiving relevant notification(s) and unsubscribing from the old...
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6.13 Solution #13: UPF Discovery and Direct Subscription to UPF for AF
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6.13.1 Description
When an AF needs to subscribe to UPF event exposure service, the current Rel-18 procedure as described in clause 4.15.3.2.3 of TS 23.502 [3] is as follows. - AF (who knows the UE's GPSI) requests Nnef_EventExposure service to NEF. - NEF sends the request Nudm_EventExposure to UDM. - UDM finds the serving SMF correspond...
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6.13.2 Procedures
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6.13.2.1 General call flow
Figure 6.13.2-1: General call flow 1. UPF/SMF/PCF are pre-configured by the AF to detect certain headers/protocol type in user plane. NOTE: The policy/configuration may be stored for Any UE, and may require the use of some aspects of Solution#1. In addition to just detecting the header/tag UPF may also be configured to...
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6.13.2.2 UPF discovery by utilizing Header information and Subscription via CP
This clause describes the details of case A as mentioned in clause 6.13.2.1. This case is an extension to the contents of the report that are notified to AF upon a header/tag detection. Suppose in step 1, UPF is configured to detect header X in UE's data traffic. UPF action may be further defined to drop the packet/pro...
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6.13.2.3 UPF Discovery and subscription by utilizing Header information
This clause describes the details of case B as mentioned in clause 6.13.2.1. For this case, instead of AF being notified about the serving UPF, AF is implicitly subscribed to UPF event exposure when the particular header/tag is detected in UE's application traffic. AF may include the relevant information (e.g. Event ID...
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6.13.3 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces
For Case A: UPF impacts: - Detection of specific header/tag pertaining to AF request in UE's user plane packets. - Notifying the UPF ID/UPF information to the AF either via N6 or via control plane. NEF impacts: - Directly subscribing to particular UPF for event exposure based on AF's request for UPF event Exposure whic...
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7 Overall Evaluation
Editor's note: This clause will provide a general evaluation and comparison of the solutions per Key Issue #<X>.
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8 Conclusions
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8.1 Conclusions for Key Issue #1: Selection of UPF providing a selected user plane functionality
The following aspects are concluded as principles for normative work: - Reusing procedures in clause 4.17.1 and clause 4.17.2 of TS 23.502 [3] to support registering the extended UPF functionalities in NRF. - The following UPF functionalities are added in the N4 capabilities and UPF NF profile stored in NRF: - The func...
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8.2 Conclusions for Key Issue #2: Enhancements on UPF information exposure
The following aspects are concluded as principles for normative work: - UPF event exposure service is enhanced to allow NF consumer to obtain one NATed UE public IP address and Port for a particular PDU Session from the SMF and UPF, based on the private UE IP address allocated by 5GC. - The remote end IP address is man...
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8.3 Conclusions for Key Issue #3: Enhancement of UPF handling of headers
Solution #1 makes the basis of normative work for KI#3. The following principles are extracted from solution #1: - Nnef_TrafficInfluence service shall be enhanced to accommodate requests from AFs for handling of Headers/Tags. Nnef_TrafficInfluence_Create and Nnef_TrafficInfluence_Update operations shall be enhanced by ...
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1 Scope
This Technical Report will study and identify potential enhancements on 5GS (e.g. including network energy related information exposure, enhancement for subscription and policy control to enable energy efficiency as service criteria) to improve energy efficiency and to support energy saving in the network, taking the E...
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2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. - References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non‑specific. - For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. - Fo...
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3 Definitions of terms and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905 [1]. Energy Consumption (EC): As defined by the TS 28.310 [7]. Energy Efficiency (EE): As defined by the ...
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3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in TR 21.905 [1]. EC Energy Consumption EE Energy Efficiency ES Energy Saving
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4 Architectural Assumptions and Requirements
Editor's note: This clause will document the Architectural Assumptions and Requirements applicable for the study. The architecture for the present study shall be based on the existing 5G System architecture. Solutions shall comply with the 5G System architectural principles in TS 23.501 [2]. NOTE 1: Coordination with R...
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4.1 Architectural Assumptions
The architectural assumptions in the following are considered during the study: - The energy-related information which is available from OAM specifications is documented in Annex A.
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4.2 Architectural Requirements
void
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5 Key Issues
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5.1 Key Issue #1: Network energy related information exposure
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5.1.1 Description
Subject to operator policy, network energy related information (e.g. energy consumption related information, energy efficiency related information, renewable energy and carbon emission related information) may be exposed by the network to the authorized consumers. To support network energy related information exposure,...
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5.2 Key Issue #2: Subscription and policy control to support energy efficiency and energy saving as service criteria
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5.2.1 Description
Energy related information as service criteria allows delivering services based on e.g. energy related subscriptions and policies to achieve the goal of energy saving. The following aspects will be studied for this key issue: - Whether and how to enhance the existing subscription and policy control framework to support...
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5.3 Key Issue #3: 5GS enhancements for network energy saving and efficiency
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5.3.1 Description
This key issue is to study 5GS enhancements for network energy saving and efficiency. The following aspects should be studied: ‐ Whether and how to enhance the existing operations and procedures to satisfy the energy saving and energy efficiency requirements. ‐ Whether and how to enhance the NF selection/re-selection r...
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6 Solutions
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6.0 Mapping of Solutions to Key Issues
Table 6.0-1: Mapping of Solutions to Key Issues Solutions Key Issues 1 2 3 1 X 2 X 3 X X 4 X 5 X X 6 X 7 X 8 X 9 X 10 X 11 X X 12 X 13 X 14 X 15 X X 16 X 17 X 18 X 19 X 20 X X X (analytics input) 21 X 22 X 23 X 24 X 25 X 26 X 27 X 28 X 29 X 30 X 31 X 32 X 33 X 34 X 35 X 36 X X 37 X 38 X 39 X
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6.1 Solution #1: Energy related information collection and exposure
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6.1.1 Key Issue mapping
This paper proposes a new solution on KI#1.
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6.1.2 Functional Description
This solution provides a framework for energy related information collection and exposure. Figure 6.1.2-1 describes the architecture of this solution. Figure 6.1.2-1: Architecture assumption To achieve the centralized collection and uniform handling for the energy consumption/efficiency related information, a new NF, E...
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6.1.3 Procedures
Figure 6.1.3-1: Procedure for Energy related information collection and exposure If AF triggers the exposure request of the energy consumption related information, then steps 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e are executed, otherwise step 1 is executed. 1a. If AF triggers subscription of NEF on energy consumption related information w...
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6.1.4 Impacts on existing services, entities and interfaces
EECF: - New NF. Functionalities are as description of clause 6.1.2. AMF: - Exposure the following information to EECF: number of registered subscribers, UE specific DRX values, paging time window, paging area, periodic registration update timer. SMF: - Exposure the following information to EECF: number of PDU Sessions,...
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6.2 Solution #2: Network energy related information exposure
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6.2.1 Key Issue mapping
This is a solution for key issue #1 "Network energy related information exposure". Regarding use cases corresponding to the identified consolidated requirements as described in clause 6.4 of TR 22.882 [5], this solution is related to the use cases described in clauses 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5. Editor's note: Additional use cas...
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6.2.2 Functional Description
The authorized consumers, e.g. the industry/vertical customers, 5GC NFs, can request the 5GC to expose network energy related information for e.g. network slice, UE, NF, PDU Session, 5QI, etc. To support exposure of the network energy related information to the authorized consumers, the 5GC needs to obtain network ener...
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6.2.3 Procedures
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6.2.3.1 Procedure for network energy related information exposure to AF
Figure 6.2.3.1-1 shows the procedure for network energy related information exposure to AF. Figure 6.2.3.1-1: Procedure for network energy related information exposure to AF 1. AF subscribes to network energy related information by sending Nnef_EnergyInfo_Subscribe request to NEF. The request includes the following par...
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6.2.4 Impacts on existing services, entities and interfaces
AF: - Support subscribing network energy related information exposure from 5GC. NEF: - Support exposing network energy related information to AF. EESSF: - Support obtaining network energy related information from OAM. - Support obtaining information from 5GC NFs to generate network energy related information. - Support...
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6.3 Solution #3: Enhanced network exposure and analytics for energy saving
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6.3.1 Key Issue mapping
This solution addresses Key Issues #1 (Network energy related information exposure) and Key Issues #3 (5GS enhancements for network energy saving and efficiency).
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6.3.2 Description
In this solution, it is proposed to allow more network energy related information to be exposed by the network to the authorized consumers for application layer/third party configurations for network energy saving and efficiency. The NWDAF provides network energy related information analytics.
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6.3.3 Procedures
Figure 6.3.3-1: Procedures for enhancement energy consumption related network information exposure 1. The third party server subscribes the energy consumption related information including energy consumption related information, including energy efficiency related information, renewable energy and carbon emission relat...
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6.3.4 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces
NEF: - Generates authorizations for third party server request and provides energy saving related information to the third party server by requesting network energy related information to NWDAF. - Nnef_AnalyticsExposure service is extended to support the new or existing Analytics ID. NWDAF: - Obtains network energy rel...
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6.4 Solution #4: Renewable energy ratio information exposure
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6.4.1 Key Issue mapping
This solution resolves KI#1 for renewable energy consumption information exposure.
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6.4.2 Functional Description
The NWDAF can provide the renewable energy ratio analytics (statistics) by one-time reporting or continuous reporting to a consumer. The renewable energy ratio is determined as the ratio of the power that is used from renewable energy sources as a percentage of total power usage for the dedicated communication service ...
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6.4.2.1 Input data
The detailed information collected by the NWDAF is defined in Table 6.4.2.1-1. Table 6.4.2.1-1: Data Collected from the NF and OAM related to the ratio of renewable energy Analytics Information Source Description UE Location AMF UE location information (Cell ID) to determine the base station serving the UE. Supplied re...
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6.4.2.2 Output analytics
The detailed information provided by the NWDAF is defined in Table 6.4.2.2-1. Table 6.4.2.2-1: The ratio of renewable energy statistics Information Description List of renewable energy Analytics (1..max) >Timestamp A time stamp when the renewable energy ratio applies. > Crossed Reporting Threshold(s) for Renewable ener...
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6.4.3 Procedures
The NWDAF can provide renewable energy ratio analytics as follows. Figure 6.4.3-1: Procedure for renewable energy ratio statistics 1. The consumer (e.g. AF) sends a request to the NWDAF for analytics on a specific UE, using either Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo or Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe service. 2. The NWDAF retr...
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6.4.4 Impacts on existing services, entities and interfaces
NWDAF: - Should support the proposed network data analytics of renewable energy ratio analytics. - The NWDAF should support functionality to determine the serving base station ID based on the cell ID.
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6.5 Solution #5: Exposing energy usage information to 3rd party server
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6.5.1 Key Issue mapping
This solution addresses Key Issue #1 and Key Issue #3 of this study. The solution herein describes how a 3rd party server can request network energy related information from the 5G network, including possible energy consumption information for an application. The 3rd party server, via the NEF, sends communication relat...
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6.5.2 Description
A 3rd party server may request that the 3GPP network provide network energy related information given a set of application requirements. The 3rd party server may provide a communication related application parameters (e.g. QoS Parameters) to inquire from the 3GPP network how much energy will be used if these applicatio...
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6.5.3 Procedures
The following call flow illustrates how a 3rd party application server interacts with the 5G network to inquire about how much energy would be needed given an application configuration. Figure 6.5.3.1-1 1. A 3rd party server invokes an NEF API requesting that the 5G network provide network energy related information (i...
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6.5.4 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces
NEF: - Provides a service that allows an invoker (i.e. AF) to request network energy related information for a given application. - Invokes a service of the NWDAF to obtain network energy related information for a given application. NWDAF: - Provides a service to give network energy related information for a given appl...
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6.6 Solution #6: Energy information collection for service level
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6.6.1 Key Issue mapping
This solution is related to the Key Issue #1 on Network energy related information exposure. Especially this solution focus on the following bullets in the Key issue 1: KI#1: - At what granularity (e.g. per network slice, UE, NF, PDU Session, QoS flow, etc) the network energy related information can be exposed. - How a...
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6.6.2 Functional Description
This solution is to resolve the issue on how to collect the energy related information for particular services. The figure 6.6.2-1 describes the architecture of this solution. Figure 6.6.2-1: Architecture for Energy information collection and exposure On top of existing 5G architecture, a new NF, Energy Efficiency func...
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6.6.3 Procedures
Figure 6.6.3-1: Procedure for Energy information collection and exposure Figure 6.6.3-1 shows a procedure for UE and PDU session level Energy information collection and exposure for the services. The steps 1 to 5 use the procedure defined in clause 4.15.4.5.3 of TS 23.502 [3] (Information flow for UPF event exposure se...
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6.6.4 Impacts on existing services, entities and interfaces
Editor's note: This clause captures impacts on existing services, entities and interfaces.
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6.7 Solution #7: Policy control for network energy saving
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6.7.1 Key Issue mapping
This solution is related to the KI#2: Subscription and policy control to support energy efficiency and energy saving as service criteria. This solution addresses the following issues of KI#2: - Whether and how to enhance the existing subscription and policy control framework to support energy related information as ser...
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6.7.2 Functional Description
The architecture of this solution is described as Figure 6.7.2-1. Figure 6.7.2-1: Architecture assumption A new NF, Energy Efficiency Control Function (EECF) is introduced. The EECF includes at least the following functionality: - Collecting of the energy consumption assistance information (e.g. data volume, bit rate, ...
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6.7.3 Procedures
Figure 6.7.3-1: Procedure for policy control for network energy saving 1. AF creates a request for energy saving, including UE identifier(s), UE address(es), S-NSSAI, DNN, and energy consumption threshold, and sends the request to NEF. Editor's note: How does the AF determine the threshold? Is it a customer or the oper...
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6.7.4 Impacts on existing services, entities and interfaces
EECF: - New network functionalities are as description of clause 6.7.2. NEF: - New service operation Nnef_EnergySaving. PCF: - Updating AM policy and SM policy based on the energy control information for policy adjustment received from EECF. UDM: - Storing and providing energy saving authorization information and energ...
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6.8 Solution #8: Energy efficiency subscriptions and control
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6.8.1 Key Issue mapping
The solution applies to Key Issue #2 Subscription and policy control to support energy efficiency and energy saving as service criteria.
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6.8.2 Functional Description
Assumptions: - This solution assumes that the network efficiency and the energy saving are controlled by a new network function EECF (Energy Efficiency Control Function) node. However, the solution equally applies if the EECF node is a functional part of an already existing NF. - It is assumed that the EECF is subscrib...
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6.8.3 Procedures
Figure 6.8.3: Energy Efficiency subscriptions and control 1. The EECF triggers a subscription request for network energy efficiency and usage related information monitoring by sending Nnf_NFLoadStatus_Subscribe Request to the NF to be monitored. The EECF may provide the following parameters: - energy usage entity - def...
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6.8.4 Impacts on existing services, entities and interfaces
EECF: - a new Energy Efficiency Control Function or a new functionality within an existing NF. NF: - new services by multiple NF for energy efficiency related information monitoring and provision to the EECF. NF: - capability to measure its own EC and to monitors and evaluates the energy efficiency.
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6.9 Solution #9: Credit limit control according to subscription
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6.9.1 Key Issue mapping
The solution applies to Key Issue #2.
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6.9.2 Functional Description
In this solution, CHF controls the available energy credit limit of subscribers, which is enhanced by CHF's Nchf_SpendingLimitControl service. CHF is aware of how much credit is used by one single subscriber and whether a credit limit is exceeded. When the credit limit is exceeded, CHF is responsible to notify to the P...
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6.9.3 Procedures
Figure 6.9.3: Procedures 1. According to the subscription of UE, PCF knows policy of the subscriber needs to be decided according to the energy efficiency for example energy usage of the UE, then PCF triggers the reporting/notification of the spending limit of CHF. There may be one or more policy counters for the UE's ...
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6.9.4 Impacts on existing services, entities and interfaces
The following impacts have been identified: CHF: - During spending limit control, when the total energy usage exceeds or approaches the policy counter, CHF report or notify to the PCF. - Support policy counter related to energy efficiency. PCF: - Policy decision based on the spending limit control related to energy eff...
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6.10 Solution #10: Enhancement for subscription and policy control to enable network energy savings with EECF
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6.10.1 Key Issue mapping
This solution addresses key issue#2 described in clause 5.2. The solution aims to enhance the existing subscription and policy control framework to support energy-related information as service criteria. This includes defining new energy-related UE subscription information and policies, determining how to perform energ...
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6.10.2 Functional Description
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6.10.2.1 Overview of EECF functionality
The solution introduces Energy Efficiency Control Function (EECF) to address energy management challenges in 5G networks mapping to key issues two described in clause 5.2. Figure 6.10.2.1-1: 5G System reference architecture with EECF The EECF comprises of the following functionality: - Energy efficiency management: EEC...
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6.10.2.2 Key definitions
The following comprises a list of key definitions relevant to this solution: - Energy profile data of a UE: maximum energy credit limit associated with this subscription, PEI. - Energy profile data of a Network Function: This includes average energy consumption of the network function as defined in clause 6.7.3.1.1 of ...
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6.10.2.3 EECF communication with other network functions
Figure 6.10.2.3-1: EECF communication with UDM, NRF, SMF A. The EECF sends the Energy Profile request message to UDM to retrieve the energy profile for a given UE. The Energy Profile request includes maximum energy credit limit associated with this subscription, PEI. B. The EECF sends the Energy Profile request message...
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6.10.2.4 EECF services and enhancement in other NF services
6.10.2.4.1a Nudm_EnergyProfile service Service Operation name: Nudm_EnergyProfile service operation Description: Consumer NF (EECF) requests the energy profile for a given UE from the UDM. Inputs, Required: PEI, Subscription data type (Energy Profile). Inputs, Optional: Outputs, Required: The consumer NF gets the reque...
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6.10.3 Procedures
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6.10.3.1 Enhancements to PDU session establishment procedure with policy control for energy saving
Figure 6.10.3.1-1: PDU session establishment procedure with policy control for energy saving The PDU session establishment procedure as defined in clause 4.3.2.2 of TS 23.502 [3] is used as baseline to describe the enhancements required to the procedure for policy control on energy saving. In step 4, when SMF retrieves...