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65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.1.4.1 LD signalling | Loop Disconnect (LD) signalling is a technique commonly used to signal the required directory number from a terminal to the local exchange. It operates by inserting a number of short duration breaks (dial pulses) into the steady state loop current established on the local loop. Although the dial pulses occur at a typic... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.1.4.2 Ringing signals | The ringing signal used by POTS systems consists of a cadenced sinusoid of approximately 25 Hz and level up to 100 volt r.m.s. The harmonic components generated in some circumstances may reach extremely high values, depending on the waveform. The ringing signal may be accompanied by changes to the dc conditions e.g. po... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.1.4.3 Subscribers metering signals | Some networks use transverse signals in the range 12–16 kHz for the transmission of metering information related to cost of calls. Whether these signals may interfere with DSL signals is not clear, but will depend on the performance of the filters used. One possibility is to consider turning these metering signals off ... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.1.4.4 Subscriber Display signalling | The signals used to convey information for Calling Line Identity, Message Waiting, Advice of Charge etc. are typically low level and confined to the voice band and so are unlikely to have any impact on DSL systems. Some networks however precede the signalling message with a polarity reversal to alert the terminal to an... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.1.5 Alarm communication devices | A large number of user premises employ monitored alarm systems in accordance with EN 50136 parts 1-3 [14] and 2-3 [15], which automatically call into a monitoring centre to relay alarm activations such as intruder alert, fire on premises etc. They typically consist of an Alarm Communicating Equipment (ACE) connected in... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.2 Interaction of xDSL systems on POTS | |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.2.1 Demodulation of DSL signals | Unless special precautions are incorporated into the design, most POTS terminals will be subject to interference from high frequency signals such as DSL signals appearing on the local loop. This is because most modern terminals employ solid-state devices at some point in the transmission path, and these can demodulate ... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.2.2 Crosstalk | The presence of DSL signals on a subscriber line would normally be due to the user subscribing to both POTS and DSL services on that local loop. However it is possible for a POTS service only subscriber to have significant levels of DSL signals on his local line due to the presence of crosstalk. This mainly occurs in m... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.2.3 Splitterless DSL systems | In user installations where distributed filters are used, the DSL modem is directly connected to the PSTN line and should thus meet the relevant POTS access requirements so as not to adversely affect other POTS terminals connected to the same PSTN line. ETSI ETSI TR 102 139 V1.1.1 (2000-06) 14 |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.3 Impact of "home LANS" on POTS and xDSL | The recent appearance of some "home LANS" which use out-of-band signals over a customers telephone wiring for non traditional telephony purposes (such as PC – Printer – Server intercommunication) further complicates the POTS/xDSL scenario. Such systems are likely to adversely affect the operation of both POTS and xDSL ... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.4 Impact of EMC induced signals | Unwanted out-of-band signals generated by terminal equipment is only one possible source of interfering signals. Another source, possibly of greater importance, is that due to emc signals induced directly into the telephone wiring at the users premises. This is due to the operation for example of domestic apparatus suc... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.5 Use of filters | Two types of filter are used for xDSL systems; POTS splitters for DSLregular, and low pass filters for DSLlite. |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.5.1 POTS splitter filters | In essence these comprise both low and high pass filters. The low pass filter is used to couple the POTS services to the local loop and to isolate the DSL signals from the POTS terminals, and the high pass filter couples the DSL signals to the local loop whilst preventing the voiceband, signalling and ringing signals f... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 5.5.2 Distributed low pass filters | Recent field trials of DSLlite equipment jointly carried out by a group of manufacturers and a north American network operator have proved the viability of the splitterless DSLlite technology, achieving maximum data rates for distances up to 15 000 feet (4,5 Km). It was found necessary to include one or more low pass f... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 6 Cost implications | In an ideal situation, the incremental cost of providing DSL services would fall only on the DSL users. In reality, due to the unknown/unspecified behaviour of existing POTS terminals at DSL frequencies and the existence of crosstalk in the access network cables, the ideal situation cannot be realized. The costs implic... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 7 Regulatory issues | |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 7.1 General | This clause considers the relationship between the European legislation - EU Directives - and DSL systems. It is recognized that: • WTO agreement on the reduction of Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) (see note) are increasingly influencing the Telecommunications sector, limiting the freedom of a specific country or reg... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 7.2 EU legislation in place | |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 7.2.1 Sector specific legislation | There are a number of EU Directives covering products and services related to telecommunications access networks. Among the sector specific directives there are the Open Network Provision directives covering the public portion of the network, and the Terminal directive 98/13/EC [3], which will be replaced by the R&TTE ... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 7.2.2 Horizontal legislation - EMC Directive | EMC is a horizontal area of regulation, covered by the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC [9]. The directive requires that equipment: • has a sufficiently low unintended emission such that "the electromagnetic disturbance it generates does not exceed a level allowing radio and telecommunications equipment and other apparatus to ... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 7.3.1 Issues related to the R&TTE directive | The aspects of the R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC [2] which are most relevant for the present document are: • Article 3.3.b which states that "..the Commission may decide that apparatus within certain equipment classes or apparatus of particular types shall be so constructed that: ...it does not harm the network or its func... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 7.3.2 Issues related to the ONP directives | The access network is a key component in the telecommunications infrastructure providing the physical access for the delivery of services to end-users. In the fixed network, the provision of end-user access is still controlled by the incumbent operators in most European countries. For new entrants, building alternative... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 7.3.3 Issues related to the EMC directive | 7.3.3.1 European radio emission issues See subclause 7.2.2 for background. Recital 12 (see note 1) of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC [9] addresses protection of telecommunications networks from disturbances. However, none of the CISPR emission standards are written to protect fixed telecommunications equipment. CISPR has... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 7.3.3.2 National radio emission issues | In addition to the EMC requirements and standards as specified in subclause 7.3.3.1 to cover the regulatory issues, there is also the issue of national regulations or specifications that are proposed by certain Regulators from EC Member States using their own National Telecommunications legislation. For example, the UK... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 8 Spectrum management | |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 8.1 Spectrum management of the access network | At a specially convened meeting on xDSL held at Stockley Park (UK) on 29th September 1999, there was consensus for the need for a frequency management plan for proper deployment of xDSL systems, particularly in the context of unbundling of the local loop i.e. opening the delivery of DSL services via the local loop to c... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 8.2 Spectrum management of the user network | There has been some debate as to whether a spectrum management plan is needed for the user or home network. Spectrum planning of the access network is required to ensure the mix and percentage fill of the access loops with respect to the different DSL technologies with their different spectral/level characteristics is ... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 9 Standards | |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 9.1 Requirements for xDSL compatible POTS terminals | It is recommended that a (voluntary) technical standard for "xDSL Friendly" POTS terminals be produced. Such a standard should define requirements and test methods for aspects not currently included in TBR 21 [1] including: • out-of-band sending performance above 200 kHz. It may be worth considering the use of two comp... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 9.2 POTS/ADSL splitter filter requirements | It has been agreed that the requirements for POTS/DSL splitters need to be identified. The task of defining the high pass and low pass functions has been partitioned between ETSI groups TM6 and ATAc respectively and is currently in progress. |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 9.3 Requirements for distributed filters | It is recommended that a (voluntary) technical standard to define the requirements for distributed filters for DSLlite applications be produced. Key factors requiring attention are: • the amount of attenuation of the unwanted out-of-band signals produced by the POTS TE; • the amount of attenuation of high frequency sig... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 9.4 Requirements for homeLAN filters | One of the areas identified for further study is that of the interfering effects of homeLAN systems introducing unacceptable signal levels at DSL frequencies into the local loop. This may require the definition of a new filter type depending on the outcome of the proposed study. |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 9.5 Spectrum management of user installations | No need is perceived for a spectrum management plan for user installations. There may be a need for a user guide however to provide information on the use of different types of filters, where they need to be placed etc. Whether there is a real need for such a guide may become clearer as work on the access network plann... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 10 Conclusions and recommendations | |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 10.1 Conclusions | It can be concluded that in order to support the satisfactory introduction of new DSL services to the users by means of the existing wired access networks, several new deliverables will be required. Some of these have already been identified and work on them started, others may need to be introduced at a later date. In... |
65f66a75366c05de335f1db6c405d0cf | 102 139 | 10.2 Recommendations | Standards are required for the following items: • Requirements for xDSL compatible POTS terminals. • Requirements for POTS/DSL splitters for DSLregular systems. (This may be split into separate documents for the high pass and low pass filter functions). • Requirements for distributed low pass filters for DSLlite system... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 1 Scope | The present document provides guidance on writing objective specifications and tests for non-linear and time variant telephony terminals but excluding the speech coding functions. The present document provides general guidance on the formulation of test specifications including emphasizing the need for the requirement ... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 2 References | The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. • References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Fo... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply. non-linearity: a property whereby the magnitude of the instantaneous output signal is intended not to have a direct linear relationship to the applied stimulus. Examples of non linearity are µ-law / A-law companding and centre clipping... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AGC Automatic Gain Control DCME Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment FFT Fast Fourier Transform IUT Implementation Under Test LR Loudness Rating RMS Root Mean Square (value) SLR Sending Loudness Rating SPM Signal Processing Method TCL Term... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.1 General Principles | When defining new test standards or practices it is essential to separately consider the two following processes: - the derivation of a well-defined objective requirement which is linked as closely as possible to a basic quality (auditory/subjective perception); - selection and description of the most appropriate metho... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.2 Basis for Requirements | The items mentioned below summon all the application specific knowledge, including the psycho-acoustics aspects, necessary to derive a specific requirement, which can be objectively evaluated. A clear understanding of these items is essential for both the standards engineer and the designers ability to implement improv... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.2.1 Purpose | Each specific requirement shall be justified in terms of a test purpose, i.e. a description of the nature of the supposed impact on the speech transmission as well as the documentation for the relationship between this impact and the subjectively perceived quality of the object to be tested. EXAMPLE: The need to optimi... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.2.2 Assumptions | The assumptions shall contain information specific to the particular implementation of the functionality of the test object or its application. Often such assumptions can lead to dramatic simplifications of the test procedures and the requirements for specific instrumentation. When a requirement and the consequent test... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.2.3 Relevant standards and recommendations | There are several groups of standards relevant to the definition of a test. By relying on relevant standards specifying general testing methods, as well as to specific standards dealing with e.g. physical test arrangements, when defining a test, exhaustive definitions of specific tests can be avoided. Simultaneously th... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.2.4 Test arrangement | The test arrangement should simulate as closely as possible the real use conditions with due respect, however, to existing standards and to the use of commonly available laboratory facilities. In cases where the real use conditions are expected to have a significant influence on the behaviour of the test object, it sho... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.2.5 Decision variable(s) | The test definition shall contain a precise definition of the decision variable to be determined. To the widest extent possible, the decision variable should only reflect the basic performance of the telephone under test. The decision variable may be a complex function. In this case it will not be the decision variable... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.2.6 Mapping between objective and subjective evaluation | For optimum consistence with subjective evaluation, the decision variable will often be explicitly weighted by data reflecting the properties of human speech and perception. Without proper consideration, however, test result will often ETSI TR 102 082 V1.1.1 (1999-01) 9 be unintentionally biased by the practical defini... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.2.7 Expression of the Requirement | The requirement shall contain (an) upper and/or lower limit value(s) against which the determined decision variable or value(s) derived from this may be calculated. The conditions under which the requirement shall be fulfilled shall reflect the test purpose and where relevant provide an indication of the subjective per... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.3 Guidelines for Test Procedure Specification | On the basis of the application specific knowledge mentioned above (subclause 4.2), every test engineer with a general solid measurement experience should be able to derive test procedures yielding comparable results. Regulatory standards still need to address some or all of the items listed below in detail to eliminat... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.3.1 Test vector | While the requirement shall normally be fulfilled for all combinations of parameters within the specified operating conditions, a limited number of test points may be specified for practical tests, when it can be justified that the results obtained can be regarded as representative for the full range of the parameter. ... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.3.2 Result presentation | Whenever the requirement depend on an independent variable (e.g. frequency, time, or level) and is only provided in terms of "knee points", it is essential for the consistence between the verdict and a visual presentation that the interpolation of the requirement as well as of the measured values reflect a preferred gr... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.3.3 Conditioning signal | If the performance of a test object may vary as a function of the operating conditions typical of real use, these conditions have to be properly simulated for a period prior to and during the actual measurement. When the performance depends on the characteristics of the test signal itself, it has to be ensured that thi... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.3.4 Analysis principle | In the choice of analysis principle it has to be considered, whether the output of the telephone under test is coherent to the input. If this is the case, the use of complex analysis techniques may provide faster and/or more accurate results than may otherwise be obtained. In general, however, simple, device independen... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.3.5 Measuring signal | The actual measuring signal shall reflect the selected analysis principle. It may be discrete or continuous in the frequency domain, with serial or parallel application of the signal relating to each frequency (band). For analysis of systems which have been brought into a volatile quasi-stationary state, parallel (or b... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 4.3.6 Validation | Whenever the choice of testing methodology has been based on one or more assumptions about the behaviour of the telephone under test or its environment, a separate test with the ability to disclose a possible deviation from these assumptions shall be included in the test suite. EXAMPLE: If, due to an assumption of ampl... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 5 Descriptions of terminals considered as systems | This clause gives in general terms a description on how to treat a terminal as a system. By subdividing the system into different parts (inclusive different types of detectors), a model is made in order to describe Signal Processing Methods (SPM) implemented in the terminal. Also a "black-box" approach, making the basi... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 5.1 Classification and Coverage of terminals | The present document is concerned with the problems arising when dealing with time variant (non-stationary) and/or non-linear systems. Please refer to table 1 in the following. Time variant systems may be grouped in deterministic systems (i.e. systems with predictable time-varying characteristics), and systems with mem... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 5.2 Description of a SPM as a subdivided system | Obviously simple linear and time in-variant telephones also perform signal processing. In this context, however, the signal processing in mind is the often sophisticated and sometimes digital signal processing essentially implemented in time variant and intentional non-linear systems. Despite this ambiguity the words S... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 5.3 Black-box approach or use of prior knowledge | Ideally the IUT (Implementation Under Test) should be considered as a black-box. From a test view-point, however, it is convenient to use any prior knowledge about the IUT. For instance, which detection algorithms are used, and which transmission parameters are controlled (see figure 1). If no or limited prior knowledg... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 5.4 Detector Types | In this subclause contemporary types of detectors are listed. The various types may be grouped both according to the (intended) detected properties and the detection algorithm. The distinction is not quite clear, as the detector types may be combined with filtering of various kind. For example a primitive speech detect... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 5.4.1 Level Detection | Linear Rectifier The Signal is rectified and low-pass filtered. Usually a simple 1st order filter is used, but higher order filters may be used for fast and ripple-free detection. The inverse of the cut-off frequency determines the time constant. The filtered signal may be followed by a log conversion to express the le... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 5.4.2 Speech Detection | Amplitude modulation Fast level detection followed by further analysis. The post analysis may take several forms. Spectral comparison Spectral analysis followed by a comparison with a typical speech spectrum. The parameters extracted to detect speech depend on the application. Typically the characteristics of speech li... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 5.4.3 Response Detection | Used for instance in echo cancellers to detect the impulse response of the echo. ETSI TR 102 082 V1.1.1 (1999-01) 15 Cross-correlation techniques using the transmitted signals. Other techniques using dedicated test signals. |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 6 Generic Signal Processing Method | The generic SPM described here is based on the model presented in subclause 5.2. Figure 2 below is essentially identical to figure 1, however, with new and more operational notes, with respect to specify appropriate test procedures. The idea behind figure 2 and the commented template is to serve as a check list when de... |
b9ea302c9c465c8dbe80bce6aec60389 | 102 082 | 6.1 Commented template | The following commented template or generic SPM has been used for the descriptions in the examples in annex A, and as can be seen the SPM have been grouped in three types. The purpose is manifold: - a uniform description of SPMs is obtained; - the template and model serves as an internal working tool; - the template se... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 1 Scope | The present document attempts to provide an introduction in DECT testing. It gives a general overview on the DECT system, an introduction on testing and DECT testing in particular. It further shows how an ETSI customer can use the DECT test standards. The present document contains an abstract of the DECT standard, the ... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 2 References | For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: [1] Directive 99/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R&TTE Directive). [2] Council Directive 89/336/E... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 9646-1 [56] and EN 300 175, parts 1 [5] to 8 [12]) apply. |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation ATC Abstract Test Cases ATM Abstract Test Method ATS Abstract Test Suite CI Common Interface CP Coordination Point ETSI ETSI TR 102 183 V1.2.1 (2002-12) 10 DCS Dynamic Channel Selection DLC Dat... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 4.1 General description of the system | DECT is based on a micro-cellular radio communication system that provides low-power radio (cordless) access between a DECT handset and DECT Fixed Parts (FPs) at ranges up to a few hundred meters. The basic technical characteristics are defined in EN 300 175-1 [5]. ETSI ETSI TR 102 183 V1.2.1 (2002-12) 11 The protocols... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 4.2 Protocol architecture | |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 4.2.1 General | The structure of the DECT standard is based on the layered principles used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The complete DECT Common Interface (CI) corresponds to the lower 3 layers of the ISO OSI model, but 4 layers of protocols are defined. The top ... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 4.2.2 Physical layer (PHL) | The PHL layer specifies radio parameters such as frequency, timing, bit and slot synchronization and transmitter and receiver performance. The PHL layer is defined in EN 300 175-2 [6]. |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 4.2.3 Medium Access Control (MAC) layer | The MAC layer provides a broadcast message control service, a connectionless message control service, and multi-bearer (connection oriented) control service, by selecting physical channels and allocating logical channels. The MAC layer is defined in EN 300 175-3 [7]. |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 4.2.4 Data Link Control (DLC) layer | The DLC layer is concerned with the provision of reliable data links to the NWK layer. Its function can be compared to the ISDN layer 2 Link Access Procedure on the D-channel (LAPD) protocol. The DLC layer is defined in EN 300 175-4 [8]. |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 4.2.5 Network (NWK) layer | The NWK layer is the main signalling layer of the protocol stack, containing the functions for call control, mobility management, connection oriented message service, connectionless message service and supplementary services. The NWK layer is defined in EN 300 175-5 [9]. |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 4.2.6 Lower Layer Management Entity (LLME) | The LLME contains defined procedures that concern more than one layer. It contains all functions needed for inter- working between the different layers. The LLME procedures are defined in EN 300 175 part 3 [7] to part 5 [9]. |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 4.2.7 Inter-Working Units (IWU) | The IWUs are required for the communication with the fixed network or with higher layer applications within the PP and FP, e.g. DECT-GSM inter-working profile. The DECT IWU functions are defined in separate standards. ETSI ETSI TR 102 183 V1.2.1 (2002-12) 12 |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 5 Overview on conformance testing | 5.1 Scope of conformance testing Conformance testing is concerned with the assessment of the extent to which a real product or service, based on a standard, actually conforms to the standard. ETSI Standard Implementation Conformance testing Product implementing the standard EN xxx-2 title bla blablabla bla blablablabla... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 5.2 Importance and value of conformance testing | The primary objective of conformance testing is to increase the probability that the product, or service, will actually perform correctly the functions it is aimed at. In general, this means to increase the probability that different products based on the same standard will inter-operate. It should be emphasized that e... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 5.3.1 A standardized methodology | Initially developed in ISO and the International Consultative Committee for Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT, now ITU), the conformance testing methodology covers all the aspects that participate to the harmonization of testing procedures: testing methods, development of test specifications, test realization on concrete ... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 5.3.2 Standardized test specifications | Standardized test specifications are essential in order for tests run in different laboratories and with different test tools to have comparable results. The art of the conformance test specified resides in finding the good compromise, so that the test campaigns provide a reasonable level of confidence at a reasonable ... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 5.4 What is the use of conformance testing? | Conformance testing may be used in two main contexts. 1) Outside any framework, i.e. as a technical activity, by a supplier or a user. This is aimed at validating a product during its development, before releasing it, or when purchasing it. An agreement between the supplier and the procurer of a product can make the ac... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 5.5 Reference testing documents | ISO/IEC 9646-1 [56] is the chief basis of conformance testing, and covers all related aspects, from the development of test specifications to the conformance assessment process. ETS 300 406 [49] provides rules and guidance on the test specifications developed for standardization |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 5.6 Technical overview | |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 5.6.1 What is tested? | An open system is not tested globally, but, according to the architecture of the standards, each part of the system implementing a different standard is tested separately. In the OSI model, each layer is tested separately. ETSI ETSI TR 102 183 V1.2.1 (2002-12) 14 The part of a system tested against a given standard is ... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 5.6.2 Testing methods | In order to run the tests, the tester will communicate with the IUT at different points, in order to observe the events at protocol level, and also to trigger given elements of behaviour in the IUT. These points, where the tester communicates with the IUT, are called Points of Control and Observation (PCOs). The IUT is... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 5.6.3 What set of tests? | To each particular element of communication to be tested (syntax, semantics, or behaviour), called conformance requirement of the standard, corresponds a particular Test Purpose (TP). The TPs are organized with a tree structure (groups and subgroups) according to the functionality of the protocol and the types of tests... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 5.6.6 What conformance assessment process? | ISO/IEC 9646-5 [60] defines the different steps of the conformance assessment process, underlying the test service provided. The selection of the actual list of tests to be run against a particular IUT is made according to implementation choices declared in the ICS, and also to information in the IXIT. This process is ... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 6 DECT testing | |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 6.1 Scope of testing | The test specifications provide a base for DECT equipment validation. The test specifications will give good confidence in protocol conformity and interoperability of equipment provided by various manufactures and which have been tested against the test specifications. However the test specifications do not provide ext... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 6.2 DECT Test Specification for R&TTE Directive | Since 2000 a new Terminal Directive 99/5/EC (R&TTE Directive [1]) is coming into force which considers substantially less requirements to be essential than the old Directive 98/13/EC [3] and those are limited to the avoidance of harm or interference to third parties. Conformity to the essential requirements of the R&TT... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 6.3 DECT Test Specification for EMC | Like all other electronic equipment sold in EU member states, DECT equipment is subject to the requirements of the EMC directive 89/336/EEC [2]. It is the responsibility of ETSI to produce the standards, which define the actual EMC performance requirements for compliance to the directive. The Technical Committee for EM... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 6.4 DECT Test Specification for conformance | |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 6.4.1 Conformance test standard | |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 6.4.1.1 Structure | Table 1 shows the general structure of a conformance test standard. The table shows the components of the standard in addition to the common ETSI standards layout. Table 1: Structure of a protocol conformance test standard Document type Components associated with the document type TSS and TP - Test Suite Structure - Te... |
40d44829ddadab5b311e3612ee81bf04 | 102 183 | 6.4.1.2 Test Suite Structure (TSS) | The TSS reflects the structure of the test specifications in terms of subjects and requirements, which are covered. The TSS represents an adequate coverage of the protocol conformance requirements. |
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