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9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.3 Coupling to hearing aids | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.3.1 Inductive coupling | Inductive coupling was first used in the USA where the telephone receiver was relatively inefficient and there was significant fortuitous a.c. field leakage from the receiver. Later, when the use of behind the ear aids became more common, coils wound around the then more efficient receivers and connected in series were... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.3.2 Electrical coupling | Standards exist for the direct electrical coupling between telephones and hearing aids [8] but the use of such coupling is not common except with body worn aids. The need for a coupling lead makes the electrical connection difficult with behind the ear aids and substantially impossible with in-the-ear aids. Problems of... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.3.3 Infra red coupling | The use of infrared coupling is growing for coupling to hearing devices in public places such as museums and conference centres, but the provision is generally associated with headsets that are provided at the site. There is no real reason why direct infra-red coupling could not be provided on body worn and behind the ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.3.4 Radio coupling | Radio coupling is used for control of some hearing aids, and there is no real reason why the speech signal should not be similarly coupled. Security would be a problem, which could be overcome by suiTable encoding. Radio coupling is not in general use at present except in conjunction with body worn aids in an education... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.4 Text telephony | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.4.1 General | Users who are profoundly deaf cannot benefit from the use of a hearing aid and must resort either to text or sign language for the purpose of communication. Sign language is only possible over some form of videophone, and when the available communication bandwidth precludes the use of such a terminal it is necessary to... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.4.2 Provision of textphone | Textphone terminals can be purchased constructed to various standards. As of November 1997 none were available which operate in accordance with ITU Recommendation V.18 [15]. With current trends to deregulation it is not normal for such terminals to be provided as a service by network operators. In some countries textph... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.4.3 Electrical port for text unit | Text telephones can be plugged into any normal PSTN socket and so special provision for a text unit is generally unnecessary. Although it is technically feasible to provide such a socket on a public payphone and there exists a reported demand from users of textphones [28] and porTable modems, there is some resistance f... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.4.4 Infra red port for text unit | Infra-red coupling of keyboards to computers and personal digital assistants (PDAs) to fixed computers is becoming common but at present there are no agreed standards for such coupling. In a public environment there could be some security problems if the radiation was powerful enough to radiate over any significant dis... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.4.5 Textphone facilities | Textphones are sometimes provided as a facility on a public payphone and there is currently much lobbying from the deaf community to make such provision mandatory, at least on a proportion of such phones. Payphones with such facilities are very costly, the provision having been estimated to cause a 100 % increase in th... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.5 Messaging | A number of messaging facilities can be provided by current networks. Display phones can provide network messages, Pagers can display short messages as can GSM telephones. It is desirable and possible that in the future all of these facilities could be made compatible with textphone operation to provide a wider range o... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.6 Videotelephony | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.6.1 General | The provision of a video facility on a telephone can provide a communication facility for the profoundly deaf who are unable to benefit from the use of a hearing aid and for whom sign language is their mother tongue. It can also be a powerful aid for hearing impaired users who gain additional clues to speech perception... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.6.2 Videophone for sign language | Successful transmission of sign language over a videophone requires a frame rate of about 20 pictures per second with a static resolution (expressed in visible vertical lines) of 160 lines although 25 frames per second is needed for fingerspelling at natural speed. Picture delay should be less than 0.5 seconds. The siz... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.6.3 Videophone for lip reading | A brief experimental study on the requirements for lip reading indicates that a frame rate of 20 frames per second is needed for full perception of lip-reading at natural speed. For hearing supported lip-reading synchronization of the sound and picture is essential, with time differences of up to 100ms being reported t... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.7 Facsimile | Many profoundly deaf people find a facsimile machine provides a useful means of communications. Whilst it provides a more immediate communication than the postal service it does not have the facility to provide a real time conversation. It is unlikely that there will be any moves to provide for simultaneous two way fax... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.8 Multimedia | Multimedia applications cover a range of services such as videotelephony, videoconferencing, audiographic conferencing multimedia mail, video on demand, videotex and digital broadcasting. Heterogeneous multimedia platforms such as PC s or workstations are expected to provide a shared workspace [11] with graphics, text,... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.9 Computer Telephony Integration | Particularly in private networks, telecommunications is moving towards a seamless and powerful connection between computers and telephony hardware known as Computer Telephony Integration (CTI). CTI provides the technology for transmitting telecommunications information around a computing network and has the ability to ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.10 The Future? | Looking further into the future, the reduction in the cost of bandwidth can be expected to lead to the convergence of telecommunications and broadcasting into one all embracing multimedia system, able to offer either television, videotelephony, text, audio or facsimile communication on demand and the user's terminal wi... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.11 Networks | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.11.1 General | Telecommunications services are offered over a number of different networks, both fixed and mobile, each with its own differing characteristics. Newer networks tend to have access to more intelligence with more facilities often offered over a wider bandwidth. As networks evolve, network capabilities and services are ev... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.11.2 Service over PSTN | The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the traditional analogue network providing service delivered over a pair of copper wires. In the face of competition from more powerful networks the PSTN is making available new services such as the provision of calling line identity. A standard (ES 201 071 [9]), being wr... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.11.3 Service over ISDN | The Integrated Systems Digital Network (ISDN) provides a digital connection to the subscriber's providing the equivalent of two lines (which can be connected as one when the additional bandwidth is required) together with a control channel which can be used for slow speed data. This extra channel permits new facilities... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.11.4 Service over mobile telephony | Services provided over radio links generally provide the advantages of mobility, but mostly suffer from a restricted bandwidth. Earlier versions transmitted analogue speech signals but are now generally digital in form. With GSM, the main European service, the radio signal is time division multiplexed, a feature which ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.11.5 Service over Cable and radio in the local loop | These services are currently most frequently offered in forms that mimic the PSTN – with the limit facilities for advanced services that this frequently implies. However, some may be capable of offering ISDN and broadband services and these offerings should bring the benefits at least as useful as those outlined in 6.1... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.11.6 Service over the Internet | A form of telephony can be provided over the Internet via whatever connection is used (PSTN or ISDN etc.). The speech is in encoded form, sent as packets and subject to delays which can cause unaccepTable reduction in quality. In its simplest form Internet speech requires a precept arrangement between two terminals, bu... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.12 European projects of relevance | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.12.1 TIDE projects: | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.12.1.1 MORE (Mobile Rescue Phone) | Developing and testing of a GSM mobile telephone with built in Global Positioning System adapTable for elderly, persons with learning disabilities and persons with mobility disabilities. |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.12.1.2 SAFE 21 (Social Alarms for Europe in the 21st Century) | The project aims to use existing communication and information infrastructure to deliver a spectrum of emergency and support services for elderly and disabled people and their carers. Alarm services will use speech, cellphone and global positioning technology with a shared control centre. Domestic services will exploit... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.12.2 RACE & ACTS projects | 6.12.2.1 IPSNI (Integration of People with Special Needs in Broadband Communications) The IPSNI project aims to define for designers exactly what a future computer terminal should be able to do to accommodate the needs of disabled people. It draws on the expertise of research and telecommunications organizations in sev... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.12.3 From other Funding of the EU | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.12.3.1 EQUALITY (Teleservices for all) | The main objective of the project is to demonstrate how the quality of life of the less-favoured European citizen in urban areas, could be improved by providing integrated social, health and local civic teleservices, using generic multi-media telematics value-added delivery systems. During the first stage of the projec... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.12.3.2 PROMISE (ISPO 20700) | PROMISE: Promoting an Information Society for Everyone: Dissemination and Demonstration of Best Practice in Information Society Applications for Older People and People with Disabilities in Europe. The project identifies examples of good practice that relate to new opportunities and challenges of Information Society an... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.12.3.3 TCALL (Mobile telecommunication for deaf people) | The project will examine the requirements of people with hearing loss for services that will enable them to communicate, firstly with other deaf people and secondly with the hearing world. The customers for these services will include people with a wide range of degrees of hearing loss, ranging from the hard-of-hearing... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.12.3.4 Project TFA: Telecommunications for All | This is a three-year project designed to introduce into schools for deaf children new telecommunications technology. Project staff are tailoring off-the-shelf and emerging communications technology for improved access by children in school environments as well as developing systems, materials, and activities that will ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 6.12.3.5 Study of the interaction of Hearing Aid and Cellular Telephones | The overall purpose of the study of the interaction between hearing aids and cellular phones is to objectively and subjectively evaluate the interference between the two technologies. Phase I objectives are to define the test protocol for physical measurements of the interference, to define a standard methodology for m... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 7 Symbols Research | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 7.1 Initial research | Whilst there are a large number of symbols referenced in, for example, 'The Symbol Sourcebook' by Henry Dreyfuss, there are but a handful which have any relevance to computers, telecommunications and disabilities. This is mainly due to the advancing age of this of this major reference work. The more recently published ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 7.2 Classification of the Symbols | Since one of the aims of the project was to produce a small Family of symbols the classification and grouping of them is critical to their successful implementation. The facilities fall under three main headings: telephone related; textphone related and videotelephone related and for the design teams participating in t... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 7.3 Current Relevant Symbols | The symbols shown in Tables 1 and 2 were identified as relevant from the preliminary research. Table 1: Symbols directly related to the deaf and hard of hearing General Facilities for Hearing Impaired (World Federation of the Deaf approved) Coupling: Inductive (ETSI proposal) Coupling: Electric (ETSI proposal) Assistiv... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8 Test Procedures | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.1 General | Symbols can help facilitate the identification of available services for the hearing impaired. Such symbols could be of use in a variety of scenarios including large signs on public access terminals and small labels on the packaging of telecommunications equipment. Well designed symbols should allow the user to intuiti... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.2 Methodological Considerations | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.2.1 General | The method of evaluating symbols pictograms and icons has been specified in detail with the Multiple Index Approach described in ETR 070 [2] and EG 201 379 [3]. The method is prescriptive but allows some choice of assessment criteria dependent on the final application of the symbol. A set of symbols for the hearing imp... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.2.2 Respondent selection | It is accepted that the hearing impaired community cannot be easily split into convenient groups. Indeed, hearing impairment should really be considered as a continuous spectrum of parameters defining hearing loss. Selection of respondents to accurately represent the patterns of hearing loss would not be practical, how... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.2.3 Size of Trial | The problems of running a trial utilizing signing translators and lip-speakers meant that the number of variables had to be limited. the intention was to keep the time required for the trial down to one hour or less. Experience suggests that data starts to become unreliable if trialists work for much more than 60 minut... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.3 Pilot Trial | The difficult and unique problems associated with running an international trial of this kind necessitated a full size pilot trial. Firstly, it was necessary to get a site where the different groups could participate together with the necessary support. Secondly, it was necessary to produce a standard set of instructio... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.3.1 Trial site and procedures | The pilot trial was run in the UK at the Suffolk Deaf Association. The head of the unit was able to provide not only access to the required respondents but professional signing translators and "lip-speakers". The trial was run exactly as proposed for the main trials. The local organizer was briefed and given the instru... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.3.2 Symbol Referents used in Pilot trial | These were chosen as: - General facilities for deaf and hard of hearing people; - Textphone; - Videotelephone suiTable for signing; - Videotelephone suiTable for lip-reading; - Amplification; - Inductive Coupling; - Electrical Coupling; - Infra-red Coupling; - Radio Coupling. ETSI ETSI TR 101 767 V1.1.1 (2000-01) 33 Al... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.3.3 Symbol families used in pilot trial | Four families of nine symbols were sourced and used within the Associativeness questions. These symbols are shown in Table 3. Table 3: Original symbols used in the Pilot Trial Referent F1 F2 F3 F4 General facilities Textphone Videotelephone suiTable for signing Videotelephone suiTable for lip-reading Amplification Indu... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.3.4 Pilot trial results | The main purpose of the pilot trial was to test the trial methodology, so formal analysis of the data was only undertaken to test the data analysis techniques and to consider opportunities for simplifying the proposed large scale data collation. Some basic rank order analysis was undertaken on the user preference data ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.3.5 Changes recommended from the pilot trial | Comments on the trial from the participants were formalized and stimulated by a short questionnaire given immediately after the pilot trial. These comments were taken into account when the main trial was being designed. Observations of the pilot trial by the trial designer led to several significant changes for the mai... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4 Main Trials | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.1 Trial location and organization | A brochure (Annex C) describing the purpose of the project was produced in order to publicize the work of the project. One of the purposes of this brochure was to encourage bodies around Europe to participate in the running of the trials. The main trials were carried out in: - Portugal - The trials were organized by Pr... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.2 Referents used in the main trials | Seven referents were used throughout the main trials. These were: - General facilities for deaf and hard of hearing people (General Facilities); - Textphone; - Videophone - General; - Videophone - suiTable for fluent signing and lip-reading; - Amplification; - Inductive Coupling; - Electrical Coupling. The decision was... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.3 Symbol families used in the main trials | Seven families of seven symbols were sourced from designers in the UK, Philips and Telefonica; and used within the main trials, these were: Table 6: Symbol Families used in the Main Trial Referent F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 General facilities Textphone Videotelephone - General Videotelephone suiTable for signing and lip- rea... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.4 Task modification | As outlined in clauses 8.3.4 and 8.3.5 only a single "certainty" question was used to replace the separate "certainty" and "suitability" questions used in the Pilot Trial. In the first three main trials, six of the seven symbol families were used. In the Pilot Trial each referent was tested for each Family and in each ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.5 Respondents | The instructions to trial organizers (Annex D) stated that the required numbers of respondents should be: - prelingual deaf people (using signing translator during trial); - profoundly deaf people (using lip-speaker during trial); - hearing aid users; - carers/social workers/normal hearing. The trial organizers were as... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.6 The format of trial results | The purpose of the MIA process has never been to provide a statistically significant result. Its power lies in providing a "rich picture" from which informed design decisions can be made. But because of the large amount of data the spreadsheets can to be hard to interpret. The tables of results for each country appear ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.7 Portugal results | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.7.1 Task 1: Symbol selection | All the detailed tables of results for the Portugal trial are shown in Annex E. Tables E.1 to E.6 show the results of the Associativeness test for the symbol present condition. The correct hit data derived from these tables, where the intended symbol was chosen for the given referent, is presented in Table 11. Table 11... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.7.2 Task 2: Test of symbol preference | In this task each respondent was given all the candidate symbols for a particular referent and asked to choose the one that best represented it. The columns of Table 18 give the percentages of all the respondents that chose each Family for a referent. Table 19 presents the same data but excluding those respondents who ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.7.3 Task 3: Overall Family preference | Table 20 gives the results for the task where respondents had to name the Family which they personally preferred. Table 21 shows the same information but it excludes respondents who were normal hearers. Table 20: Overall Family preference Family Frequency % Valid % Family 1 4 7. 7 Family 2 7 12 13 Family 3 20 35 37 Fam... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.8 Discussion of the Portugal results | |In this discussion the scope will be mainly limited to a discussion of symbol families. Individual symbols will be considered in greater depth in the discussion of the results from all the trials. Table 22 and 23 present a summary of the information from other parts of subclause 7.4. The two best figures in each colum... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.9 Netherlands and Belgium results | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.9.1 Task 1: Symbol selection | All the detailed tables of results for the Netherlands trial and the Belgian trials are shown in Annex F and Annex G respectively. Tables of results for the combined data from the Netherlands and Belgian trial appear in Annex I. Tables F.1 to F.6 and G.1 to G.6 show the results of the Associativeness test for the symbo... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.9.2 Task 2: Test of symbol preference | In this task each respondent was given all the candidate symbols for a particular referent and asked to choose the one that best represented it. The columns of Tables 39 and Table 40 give the percentages of all the respondents that chose each Family for a referent. Tables 41 and 42 present the same data but excluding t... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.9.3 Task 3: Overall Family preference | Tables 43 and 44 give the results for the task where respondents had to name the Family which they personally preferred. Tables 45 and 46 show the same information but it excludes respondents who were normal hearers. Table 43: Overall Family preference Netherlands Family Frequency % Valid % Family 1 14 21 22 Family 2 6... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.10 Discussion of the Netherlands and Belgium results | In this discussion the scope will be mainly limited to a discussion of symbol families. Individual symbols will be considered in greater depth in the discussion of the results from all the trials. Tables 47 to 50 present a summary of the information from other parts of subclause 7.4. The two best figures in each column... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.11 Finland results | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.11.1 Task 1: Symbol selection | The Finland trial was the first opportunity to use a full factorial design to evaluate the symbol present and the symbol absent conditions. The four most promising symbol families that emerged from the Portugal, Netherlands and Belgium trials were used in this trial. All the detailed tables of results for the Finland t... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.11.2 Task 2: Test of symbol preference | In this task each respondent was given all the candidate symbols for a particular referent and asked to choose the one that best represented it. The columns of Table 60 give the percentage of all the respondents that chose each Family for a referent. Tables 61 presents the same data but excluding those respondents who ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.11.3 Task 3: Overall Family preference | Table 62 gives the results for the task where respondents had to name the Family which they personally preferred. Table 63 shows the same information but it excludes respondents who were normal hearers. Table 62: Overall Family preference Family Frequency % Valid % Family 1 21 36 40 Family 2 0 0 0 Family 3 20 34 38 Fam... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.12 Discussion of the Finland results | |In this discussion the scope will be mainly limited to a discussion of symbol families. Individual symbols will be considered in greater depth in the discussion of the results from all the trials. Tables 64 and 65 present a summary of the information from other parts of subclause 7.4. The two best figures in each colu... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.13 Overall results | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.13.1 Task 1: Symbol selection | Given the general consistency of response to the symbols across the different countries identified in subclauses 8.4.10 and 8.4.12 the results of all the trials were combined in the most appropriate way. All the basic results tables for these combined results are shown in Annex I. Extracting the relevant figures from T... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.13.2 Task 2: Test of symbol preference | In this task each respondent was given all the candidate symbols for a particular referent and asked to choose the one that best represented it. Because in the different countries different families were tested there are a number of ways of summarizing these results. The eight alternative presentations for all responde... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.13.3 Task 3: Overall Family preference | In this task respondents had to name the Family which they personally preferred. Tables I.23 to I.30 In Annex I present different subsets of this overall picture according to which families were present in the different trials. The same information is shown for all respondents and also excluding respondents who were no... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.14 Discussion of the results | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.14.1 Symbol Family level results | The tables in subclauses 8.4.8, 8.4.10 and 8.4.12 give a very strong overall message that across all measures Families 1, 2, 3 and 4. Combined with the Finnish results in subclause 8.4.12 the overall order for the families would appear to be Family 1, Family 3, Family 4 and Family 2. Table 78 gives a broad view of the ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.14.2 Symbol level results | In the following analysis, the more successful candidates are compared to judge their results. Symbol 1: General Deaf Family 1 Family 3 Family 4 Three symbols appeared as potentially the most successful candidates – Family 3, Family 4 and Family 1. The different parameters are shown in Table 81. Table 81: Results summa... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 8.4.15 Final symbol choice | Subclause 8.4.14 explains the rationale for the choice of symbol Family and individual symbols. The resultant symbols that were designed to meet those criteria are shown in Table 88. Table 88: Symbols initially selected as the "final" set GD TT CI VG VS CE TA After initial circulation of documents containing the above ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 9 Videotelephone symbol - Comprehension test | |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 9.1 Test proposal | The appropriateness test had been conducted in accordance with ISO 9186 [13] as far as possible. It therefore seemed proper to perform the comprehension test according to the same standard. The comprehension test of ISO 9186 [13] is commonly performed on a number of symbols with different variants of each referent bein... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 9.2 Test conduct | This target set for the number of tests was found to be somewhat over-optimistic. The size of the sample required and the analysis of the responses (which had to be done in the language of the respondents) meant that the test required too much effort for most TC-HF members to be able to do the work on a voluntary basis... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 9.3 Test results | The four symbols tested were: F M S X Detailed results of the tests are given in Annex Y. Of the total respondents tested, 62 % were male and 38 % female. 25 % fell into the 15 – 30 year old category. 44 % were aged 31 – 50 and 31 % were over 50 years old. In the UK tests there were a total of 160 subject, 40 for each ... |
9a43a0451fe9aaf1c9039de597a8483b | 101 767 | 9.4 Conclusion of the videotelephone symbol comprehension test | Of the symbols tested, it is reasonable to consider that Symbol X is most likely to be comprehended as the symbol for a videotelepone. Even so, the symbol did not meet the ISO 9186 [13] requirements (66 %) for the required degree of comprehensibility. The most probable reason for the result was that few of the responde... |
302f273f0dda95cdeb39c0241fbfa641 | 101 764 | 1 Scope | The present document describes the structure of the BRAN domain within the common domain of the ETSI object identifier tree as defined in EG 200 351 [1]. |
302f273f0dda95cdeb39c0241fbfa641 | 101 764 | 2 References | The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. • References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Fo... |
302f273f0dda95cdeb39c0241fbfa641 | 101 764 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
302f273f0dda95cdeb39c0241fbfa641 | 101 764 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: common domain: set of objects, which are part of the definition of a protocol or a set of related protocols information object: well-defined piece of information, definition, or specification, which requires a name in order to, identif... |
302f273f0dda95cdeb39c0241fbfa641 | 101 764 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One ETSI ETSI TR 101 764 V1.1.1 (2000-06) 6 |
302f273f0dda95cdeb39c0241fbfa641 | 101 764 | 4 Structure of the BRAN domain | |
302f273f0dda95cdeb39c0241fbfa641 | 101 764 | 4.1 Tree Structure | Figure 1 represents the proposed structure for the BRAN domain. The BRAN domain is located within the common domain of ETSI. ETSI 0 4 0 BRAN Domain Domain Definitions HIPERLAN Type 1 HIPERLAN Type 2 HIPERACCESS 4 0 3 2 1 Figure 1: Tree Structure of BRAN domain EP BRAN shall act as the formal registration authority for ... |
302f273f0dda95cdeb39c0241fbfa641 | 101 764 | 4.2 ASN.1 Description | -- ********************************************************************** -- * ETSI BRAN DOMAIN DEFINITIONS -- ********************************************************************** BranDomainDefinitions {0 4 0 4 0 version1 (1)} DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN -- BRAN Domain Id branDomainId OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {itu-t (0) ident... |
b1e8f8f92be3f42cc11a11b28060e3ea | 101 634 | 1 Scope | The present document describes the support of the teletex service by a GSM Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). |
b1e8f8f92be3f42cc11a11b28060e3ea | 101 634 | 2 References | The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. • References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Fo... |
b1e8f8f92be3f42cc11a11b28060e3ea | 101 634 | 2.1 Abbreviations | In addition to those below, definitions used in the present document are listed in GSM 01.04. AU Access Unit (CCITT X.31) CF Conversion Facility (for Ttx/Tx service interworking) GMSC Gateway MSC HDLC High Level Data Link Control IWU Interworking Unit (CCITT X.71/CCITT X.75) LAPB Link Access Procedure Balanced PLP Pack... |
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