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26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.1.2 Reference load for MS calls | MS calls comprise MS originating and MS terminating traffic. Terminating call attempts from PSTN/ISDN to the MS are measured at the PSTN/ISDN interface of the PLMN. Terminating call attempts as part of the intra-PLMN MS-to- MS call attempts are measured at the GMSC functionality in the VMSC. ETSI ETSI TR 101 631 V8.0.0... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.1.3 Impact of supplementary services | If the reference model MSC assumes that significant use is made of supplementary services, the performance of the MSC can be strongly affected, especially in designs where processor capacity can become a limiting item. The performance delays recommended can be significantly lengthened at a given call load under such ci... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.2 Inadequately handled call attempts | |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.2.1 Definition | Inadequately handled call attempts are attempts which are blocked (as defined in CCITT E.600 series of Recommendations) or are excessively delayed within the exchange. "Excessive delays" are those that are greater than three times the "0,95 probability of not exceeding" values recommended in the tables. For originating... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.2.2 Probability of inadequately handled call attempts occurring | The values in table 2 are recommended. Table 2 Type of connection Reference Load A Reference load B Internal ≤10-2 ≤4 x 10-2 Originating ≤5 x 10-3 ≤3 x 10-2 Terminating ≤2 x 10-3 ≤2 x 10-2 Transit ≤10-3 ≤10-2 ETSI ETSI TR 101 631 V8.0.0 (2000-08) 9 (GSM 03.05 version 8.0.0 Release 1999) |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.3 Delay probability | The following notes apply to the delay parameters included in this section: 1) The term "mean value" is understood as the expected value in the probabilistic sense. 2) The terms "received from" and "passed to" the signalling system are meant to be that instant at which the information is exchanged between the signallin... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.3.1 User signalling acknowledgement delay | User signalling acknowledgement delay is the interval from the instant a user signalling message has been received from Dm channel until a message acknowledging the receipt of that message is passed back from the MSC to Dm channel. Examples of such messages are SETUP ACKNOWLEDGEMENT to SETUP, CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT to... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.3.2 Signalling transfer delay | The MSC signalling transfer delay is the time taken for the MSC to transfer a message from one signalling system to another with minimal or no other exchange actions required. The interval is measured from the instant that a message is received from a signalling system until the moment the corresponding message is pass... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.3.3 Through connection delay | a) For originating outgoing traffic through connection delay is defined as the interval from the instant that the signalling information required for setting up a connection through the MSC is received from the incoming signalling system to the instant that the transmission path is available for carrying traffic betwee... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.3.5 Connection release delay | Connection release delay is defined as the interval from the instant when DISCONNECT or RELEASE message is received from a signalling system until the instant when the connection is no longer available for use on the call (and is available for use on another call) and a corresponding RELEASE or DISCONNECT message is pa... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.3.6 Call clearing delay | Disconnect and call clearing will usually be performed at the same time. However, on certain calls it may be necessary for an exchange to retain call references after disconnect has occurred, until a clearing message is received. The exchange may then discard the call reference information. The corresponding RELEASE me... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.3.7 Timing for start of charging (circuit switched calls) | When required, timing for charging at the MSC where this function is performed, shall begin after receipt of an ANSWER indication from a connecting exchange or the called user. The start of timing for charging should occur within the intervals recommended in table 9: Table 9 Reference load A Reference load B Mean value... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.3.8 Call set-up delay | The call set-up delay for mobile originating calls outgoing from the MSC is measured from SETUP received until IAM sent. This phase also contains the assignment of the air interface traffic channel performed in the BSS. It is assumed that all call handling data are available in the VLR at set-up time. The values in tab... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.3.9 Handover delay | Two cases are to be defined a) between BSs of the same MSC; b) between BSs of different MSCs. ETSI ETSI TR 101 631 V8.0.0 (2000-08) 12 (GSM 03.05 version 8.0.0 Release 1999) objectives are for further study and should include: i) interruption of communication path; ii) probability of success where initiation was succes... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.3.10 Off-air-call-set-up (OACSU) delay | OACSU delay is the extra delay in switching the speech path from A- to B-subscriber because of seizing the radio path after the B-subscriber has hooked-off. It is defined as the interval that the answer indication is received from the B- subscriber until the instant when the radio path has been successfully seized. The... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.3.11 Discontinuous reception mode delay | For further study. |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.4 Call processing performance objectives | |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.4.1 Premature release | The probability that an MSC malfunction will result in the premature release of an established connection in any one minute interval should be: p ≤2 x 10-5 |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.4.2 Release failure | The probability that an MSC malfunction will prevent the required release of a connection should be: p ≤2 x 10-5 |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.4.3 Incorrect charging or accounting | The probability of a call attempt receiving incorrect charging treatment due to an MSC malfunction should be: p ≤10-4 |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.4.4 Misrouting | The probability of a call being misrouted following receipt by the MSC of a valid address should be: p ≤10-4 |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.4.5 No tone | The probability of a call attempt encountering no tone following receipt of a valid address by the MSC should be: p ≤10-4 ETSI ETSI TR 101 631 V8.0.0 (2000-08) 13 (GSM 03.05 version 8.0.0 Release 1999) |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.4.6 Other failures | The probability of the MSC causing a call failure for any other reason not identified specifically above should be: p ≤10-4 |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.4.7 Transmission performance | The probability of a connection being established with an unacceptable transmission quality across the exchange should be: p (unacceptable transmission) ≤10-5 The transmission quality across the exchange is said to be unacceptable when the bit error ratio is above alarm condition. NOTE: The alarm condition has yet to d... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.4.8 Slip rate | The slip rate under normal conditions is covered in ITU-T Recommendation Q.541. |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.2.5 MSC performance during overload conditions | The requirements stated in ITU-T Recommendation Q.543 should be met. |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.3 Performance design objectives for HLRs | |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.3.1 Reference loads | a) Reference load for call handling: 0,4 transactions per subscriber per hour. b) Reference load for mobility management: 1,8 transactions per subscriber per hour. |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.3.2 Objectives | The following objectives for delay times are independent of the size of the HLR and are 95% values. a) The probability of loosing messages should be according to the CCITT Recommendation Q.706: p (loosing messages) ≤10-7 b) The delay for retrieval of information from the HLR (retrieval on a per call basis, retrieval of... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.4 Performance design objectives for VLRs | |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.4.1 Reference loads | a) Reference load for call handling: 1,5 transactions per subscriber per hour b) Reference load for mobility management: 8,5 transactions per subscriber per hour. |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 3.4.2 Objectives | The same objectives as for HLRs apply (see section 3.3.2). ETSI ETSI TR 101 631 V8.0.0 (2000-08) 14 (GSM 03.05 version 8.0.0 Release 1999) |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 4 Transmission characteristics | |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 4.1 General | |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 4.1.1 BS-MSC path | The performance objectives of BS-MSC path are dependent on length of the link and therefore they will be decided on national basis. However, they should be fixed taken into account CCITT Recommendation G.921. |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 4.1.2 MSC | The MSC should meet the transmission objectives of digital exchanges as specified in CCITT Recommendation Q.551 and Q.554. |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 4.2 System delay distribution | GSM 03.50 specifies an overall transmission delay objective throughout the PLMN for speech channels for reasons of subjective speech quality. Since this transmission delay objective includes several physical network elements, this section specifies transmission delay values allocated to each of them. Due to in-band pro... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 4.2.1 Speech channel delay | The main problem arising from an excessive delay occurs in a speech channel because of subjective effects of echo and simultaneous speech in both directions. To minimise these effects a both way speech delay of 180 ms between the Mouth Reference Point (MRP)/ Ear Reference Point (ERP) in the MS and the Point Of Intercon... |
26c60145a643b87c4c8bf96e0e363250 | 101 631 | 4.2.2 Data channel delay | The service requirements on excessive transmission delays for data channels are not as stringent as for speech channels. However, two overall requirements apply: 1. Proper operation of the RLP protocol with the timers T1 and T2 residing in the MSC/IWF and in the MS/TA must be ensured, and thus the round-trip delay betw... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 1 Scope | The scope of the present document is to describe the consequences of mobile number portability in GSM networks on PSTN/ISDN networks, and to describe how these consequences can be handled such that the PSTN/ISDN and GSM users can be provided with the same services as before the introduction of number portability. The p... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 2 References | The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. • References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Fo... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 3.1 Definitions | NOTE: Definitions used in the present document are the definitions for number portability in the PSTN/ISDN (TR 101 119) (with the exception of the definition of mobile number portability). The definitions for number portability in the PSTN/ISDN differ from the definitions for number portability in GSM networks (DTS/SMG... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CCBS Call Completion to Busy Subscriber CCNR Call Completion in case of No Response DN Directory Number GMSC Gateway Mobile Switching Centre GSM Global System for Mobile communication HLR Home Location Register IN Intelligent Network ISDN Inte... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4 Calls to ported mobile numbers | |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4.1 Introduction | After the introduction of mobile number portability, the DN (i.e. the MSISDN) no longer indicates the service provider from whom the user has a subscription. This means that the DN by itself can no longer be used for routeing the calls to the recipient network. Mobile number portability may affect PSTN/ISDN networks, i... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4.2 High-level Network models | This subclause discusses high-level network models that can be applied in the case that calls are routed to ported mobile numbers through the PSTN/ISDN. These models concern both initial (i.e. first time) and subsequent porting of numbers, as from the point of view of the network architecture there is no distinction be... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4.2.1 Onward routeing model | If a mobile user ports his number from one mobile network to another (mobile number portability), and if the PSTN/ISDN is not aware that service provider portability may have been applied to this number, the PSTN/ISDN will route the call to the donor GSM network. The donor GSM network shall be aware of the possibility ... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4.2.2 All Call Query model | This subclause describes how a call to ported, mobile number routed through the PSTN/ISDN, would be handled according to the all call query model. On reception of calls to mobile numbers the PSTN/ISDN queries a database that contains the number portability data for the mobile numbers. From this database routeing inform... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4.2.3 Call dropback model | This subclause describes how a call to ported, mobile number routed through the PSTN/ISDN, would be handled according to the call dropback model. The PSTN/ISDN routes the call to the donor GSM network. It provides, with the call, an indication that it is capable of handling a call dropback. The donor GSM network detect... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4.2.4 Query on Release model | This subclause describes how a call to ported, mobile number routed through the PSTN/ISDN, would be handled according to the query on release model. ETSI TR 101 621 V1.1.1 (1998-12) 10 The PSTN/ISDN routes the call to the donor GSM network. It provides, with the call, an indication that it is capable of doing a query o... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4.2.5 Discussion | |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4.2.5.1 Comparison of Models with respect to Operator Responsibilities | Comparing the various network models it can be seen that at the one end of the spectrum in the onward routeing model (the situation described in subclause 4.1) the GSM network handles the number portability all by at itself, whereas at the other end of the spectrum in the all call query model the PSTN/ISDN handles the ... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4.2.5.2 Access of PSTN/ISDN to Mobile Number Portability Data | The query on release and all call query model require that number portability data for mobile numbers has to be available to PSTN/ISDN networks. The PSTN/ISDN network operators can store a copy of the number portability data for mobile numbers in the databases already available for service provider portability for geog... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4.3 PSTN/ISDN-GSM network interface | |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4.3.1 Backward direction | In the call dropback model routeing information is sent in the backward direction with a release message from the GSM network to the PSTN/ISDN. The routeing information could be conveyed in various formats described in (TR 101 122). The PSTN/ISDN network operator and GSM network operator need to agree in which format r... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 4.3.2 Forward direction | In the all call query, call dropback, and query on release models the PSTN/ISDN reroutes the call. For this purpose, routeing information is sent with the call in the forward direction. For the call dropback and query on release models an indication is also sent with the call in the forward direction which tells that d... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 5 Non-circuit related signalling | |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 5.1 General description | In GSM the MAP protocol is used to retrieve information for routeing of calls or short messages. MAP messages are carried by the SCCP layer. In cases where one GSM network retrieves information from another GSM network, MAP messages are sent between GSM networks. PSTN/ISDN networks may be used as transit networks betwe... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 5.2 Network architecture | |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 5.2.1 Introduction | The routeing of SCCP messages from the mobile network follows the following scenario. In this scenario, several options can be chosen. These options will be discussed in the following paragraphs. SCCP messages, carrying MAP messages, directed to the HLR in the home network of the B-party, may be routed as before the in... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 5.2.2 Addressing scenarios | The Signalling Relay of the donor network can modify the destination of the SCCP message to indicate: 1) a Signalling Relay in the recipient network; 2) an HLR in the recipient network; 3) the transit PSTN/ISDN. ETSI TR 101 621 V1.1.1 (1998-12) 13 In case 1 the Signalling Relay in the recipient network further determin... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 5.2.3 Address formats for SCCP | Solutions where SCCP messages are routed between GSM networks through PSTN/ISDN transit networks on the routeing information provided by the GSM (case 1 and 2 of subclause 5.2.2), bring the implication that the PSTN/ISDN shall be able to handle the format in which the routeing information is provided. The addressing fo... |
ee52a0666196dc0e9b01d0c2c6d33029 | 101 621 | 6 Number portability databases | In the context of interaction between PSTN/ISDN networks and GSM networks four different sets of number portability data can be distinguished. On the one hand there is the distinction between number portability data for routeing of SCCP messages and for routeing of calls. On the other hand there is the distinction betw... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 1 Scope | Whether the present document is applicable to a national environment and/or can be used for inter-network purposes, depends on regulatory demands and/or bilateral agreements. It should be noted that there are network requirements and signalling limitations that are not covered because they are outside the scope of the ... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 1.1 Background | A main reason for the ongoing deregulation in the field of telecommunication is to open for competition between market suppliers within telecommunication: i.e. network operators and service providers. An important telecommunication development is the increasing variety of services and applications. A consequences of th... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 1.2 Terms of references and the domain | ETSI/NA2 is, after decision at the ETSI/NA meeting in Vienna spring 1993, asked to play the guiding and co-ordinating role in all matters concerning charging and revenue accounting mechanisms for telecommunication networks within ETSI's responsibility. National and international networks are included as well as inter-p... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 2 References | The following documents contain provisions, that through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. • References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • For... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: access network operator: The network operator to which the customer is physically connected. accounting: The term "Accounting" is not used separately in the present document, because the term in literature on telecommunication has a nu... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AOC Advice Of Charge BA Basic rate Access (ISDN) B-ISDN Broadband ISDN CC Charging Centre CS1 Capability Set 1 (IN) CTM Cordless Terminal Mobility DSS1 Digital subscriber Signalling System No. 1 GSM Global System for Mobile Communications HB H... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 4 The charging and revenue accounting issues | |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 4.1 Approach to the issues | The present document will only consider charging for the utilization of telecommunication services. The fee for establishment or for subscription of telecommunication services is outside the scope of the present document. The present document describes usage-related elements for charging and mechanisms and methods for ... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 4.2 Carrier selection | Single calls may use services from a number of NOs/SPs, and calls might be routed by the user's carrier selection via alternative competitive networks, i.e. calls can be provided in multi-operator/multi-provider environments. A number of customer possibilities exist for NO choice, also named carrier selection: • Presel... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 4.3 Number Portability | |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 4.3.1 Directory Number and the impact of Number Portability | The classical reason for a telephone number, also called a Directory Number is to define an address for a customer in the topographical telecommunication landscape. Directory numbers serves two main aims: 1) the network routing issue; and 2) the charging issue since the location of the calling and the called party are ... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 4.3.2 Procedures for ported numbers | In case of a ported number, different possibilities exist on making the information available for other NOs. The Donor Network, the network in which the number was created, or the Recipient Network, the network to which the number is moved, may in a mailing procedure inform an Administrative Interface, open for other N... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 4.3.3 Charging aspects in number portability | In case of scenario 1 "Network Portability" charging is supposed to be unaffected. I.e. the charging should be handled according to the NO access and to the real geographical location of the parties involved in the usage of the network services. The routing may be influenced by the number portability. It means that cha... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5 Narrowband and Broadband Networks | Basically narrowband and broadband networks have the same requirements for charging and revenue accounting. Technical and the market conditions are similar. This clause covers both network types. 5.1 PSTN, N-ISDN and B-ISDN in Single- or Multi-provider networks The interworking conditions in present international traff... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.1.1.1 Individual provider charging | Individual provider charging means that providers who separately or jointly serve the users will charge and bill them individually for the provisions. The possibility continues to exist, also for calls including services provided by a number of separate providers. Individual provider charging will introduce a set of re... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.1.1.2 Joint provider charging | If more network operators and/or service providers are involved in a specific call, every provider should be paid for his service. The providers can agree on combined provider charging of the user per call. Joint provider charging means mechanisms for joint charging of the users for joint provisions. A combined chargin... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.1.1.2.1 Call contractor's charging and revenue accounting for joint providers | The call contractors are charging and billing the users for the joint contributions by the providers and are furthermore managing the internal revenue accounting. Consequences: The call contractor's charging equipment shall store/handle the charging data for billing purposes for the call- contributing providers. Automa... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.1.1.2.3 Direct Debit Service | A special entity, the Direct Debit Service Centre, could manage the billing to the users for a co-operating group of providers. The providers will transfer the call-related data and/or the information on charge from the providers' equipment to the Direct Debit Service Centre. The configuration is shown in Figure 2. Con... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.1.2.1 Usage related elements for applicable charging | For utilization of telecommunication services the charging mechanisms shall be able to manage any type of charging and to charge all sorts of features, functions and services. Based on the provider's decision and according to legal regulations different sorts of bundling of charging elements might be offered. The charg... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.1.2.2 Split charging | For certain services both the calling and the called user could be charged (split charging). Split charging will introduce a set of requirements for the charging systems. The record for the calling user (A) shall be set up as usual. Furthermore a record for the called user (B) shall be set up and transferred from the r... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.1.2.3 Charging for usage of signalling resources | Signalling was in the classical perception considered as a supporting activity for the call set up, for the current call and for the call release. As such the charging of calls included costs for the signalling traffic. Currently services have been introduced, requiring substantial signalling resources. Certain cases m... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.1.3 Reference configurations for charging | As an approach to a general model for the network capabilities related to charging and revenue accounting a solution based on the functional levels might be studied. The levels could have the following headlines: • level for immediate information of customers; • level for measurement of the service contributed; • level... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.1.3.1 The distributed charging method | The distributed charging method is the traditional charging system suitable for simple charging schemes in non- competitive environments. Charging is distributed partly or completely to the switch points in the network. The switch points are individually able to monitor the calls originated by their customers and to co... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.1.3.2 The centralized charging method | Centralized charging means charging outside the switch points in charging centres common to a number of switch points. The calls could be monitored at the originating switch point or by the service provider chosen by the customer to process the call. The call related data is stored and accumulated per subscriber line. ... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.1.4 Revenue accounting mechanisms | Network operators and service providers that regularly provides services in common to the same customers could either charge and bill them individually or arrange a common activity. For joint provider charging/billing, the providers need revenue accounting in accordance with the provision from each provider. The presen... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.1.5 Revenue accounting for usage of signalling networks | Charging of signalling traffic will be followed by a need for considerations on related revenue accounting. In certain cases signalling resources are used are connectionless, i.e. without a call set up. For certain services a provider, without relationship to the user may handle the signalling. I.e. a sort of "transit ... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.2 Intelligent Networks | Two charging aspects are related to Intelligent Networks: (1) Structure and functionality for IN networks as a tool to support the charging and revenue accounting activity. (2) General charging principles for the use of IN services. The INAP protocol will be extended in line with the ISUP protocol for transfer of charg... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.2.1 IN structure and functionality as a tool for charging | The elements in the IN structure might be used as building blocks for charging mechanisms for telecommunication services in general. However this general scenario seems not to be mature for considerations at present. But the charging of IN services performed by elements in the IN structure will be considered. The [8] s... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.2.2 Charging of IN services | IN services are similar to other telecommunication services, and might be charged on the same conditions and by the same parameters. For a list of usage related elements for charging see subclause 5.1.2.1, Table 1. ETSI TR 101 619 V1.1.1 (1998-11) 23 |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.3 Cordless Terminal Mobility | |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.3.1 Introduction | The charging of a CTM user is here analysed, taking into account the geographical and non geographical CTM numbering plan, and the centralized or distributed charging scenarios. The CTM service description can be found in [1]. |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.3.2 Basic requirements for Charging | The basic requirements described in subclause 5.1.2 for PSTN/ISDN are also valid for the CTM service, with some extensions due to the terminal mobility. The usage related elements for charging should include in this case mobility related information elements, according to the operator's requirements and tariffing crite... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.3.3 Reference Configuration | The reference configuration is based on the Intelligent Network platform, used by the CTM service for the mobility management. For this reason the charging functions are similar to those used for IN services. The CTM customer has typically access to most of PSTN/ISDN services, provided by the same or different operator... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.3.4 Distributed/centralized charging method | The network operator, depending on the switching point's functionality and the network architecture can adopt a distributed or centralized charging method. However the CTM calls should be charged by usage metering records only, since bulk counters are not able to register the charge of mobile subscribers. The switch sh... |
ce0cf9aedacd99b318dbb55a851242b7 | 101 619 | 5.3.6 Usage metering record | Here is considered the usage metering record, used for billing/charging, created when the CTM handset is used as mobile and not as homely cordless. The case in which the CTM handset is used as a fixed terminal (cordless) is not analysed in the present document. The usage metering record shall be created by IN functiona... |
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