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62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.1 Phases of IP-based video services | Most IP-based video services, like the YouTube™ video service, are comprised of several phases which are mainly the set-up of a HTML context including the request for the actual video server location and the download of the video itself. It has to be considered that there is no sub-sequent download of HTML content and ... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.2 QoS aspects of IP-based video services | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.2.0 Scope of aspects | When looking at impairments for a video streaming service, this clause focuses on objectively measurable impairments such as: • failures to start • video freezes • low quality and resolution of the received video NOTE: For test and measurement purposes, clips should be used that are available at least in high resolutio... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.2.1 Video start and time to first picture | After requesting a video by the user, the video URLs are requested and retrieved and a certain portion of the video is downloaded and buffered before the video starts to play. Usually, the video is considered as started if the first video frame is displayed. This waiting or access time is an important aspect of perceiv... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.2.2 Video freezes | Freezing events occur when the video playout stops (freezes) for a certain time, it is mainly caused by a buffer under-run but can also be caused by performance issues of the play-out devices. Usually, freezing events due to network issues and following buffer-underrun are > 1 or 2 s, while freezings due to performance... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.2.3 Adaptive videostreaming | Adaptive bitrate video streaming techniques are able to adjust and change the video bitrate to the available transport channel capacity during the media download. Typical adaptive bitrate techniques are DASH and HLS. The purpose of those adaptive techniques is to avoid freezing caused by buffer-underrun during the repr... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.2.4 Perceived video quality | There are multiple distortion types determining the perceived quality, as e.g. freezing, frame-rate resolution and compression depth and scheme by the codec. Each service, even each evolving version of a video application tries to optimize the perceived video quality by providing the least annoying amount of distortion... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3 QoS parameters for IP-based video services | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.0 Parameter and trigger points | In this clause, a set of QoS parameters based on the streaming QoS parameters as defined in ETSI TS 102 250-2 [i.1] is proposed for measuring TCP-based video services. Table 1 gives an overview of the proposed QoS parameters and provides a mapping of these parameters to the phases introduced in clause 4.1. Furthermore,... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.1 Video Access Failure Ratio [%] | QoS parameter description Start trigger ID Stop trigger ID The overall failure ratio for the video access. tr-1 tr-2 ETSI ETSI TR 101 578 V1.3.1 (2018-10) 15 |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.2 Video Access Time [s] | QoS parameter description Start trigger ID Stop trigger ID The time it took for the video to start displaying. tr-1 tr-2 |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.3 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.4 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.5 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.6 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.7 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.8 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.9 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.10 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.11 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.12 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.13 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.14 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.15 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.16 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.17 Impairment Free Video Session Ratio [%] | QoS parameter description Start trigger ID Stop trigger ID The overall ratio of all videos that have been played without any impairment to the user in relation to the overall number of video playout attempts. tr-2 tr-3 NOTE: Impairments in this context are (i) failures to start (ii) video freezes (iii failures to downl... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.18 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.19 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.20 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.21 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.22 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.23 Impairment Free Video Session Ratio [%] | The following equation defines the abstract equation to be used to calculate this parameter: 100 attempts playout video all of number s impairment w/o playouts video of number [%] Ratio Session Video Free Impairment × = |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.24 Video Playout Cut-off Ratio [%] | QoS parameter description Start trigger ID Stop trigger ID The overall cut-off ratio for the video playout. tr-2 tr-3 |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.25 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.26 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.27 Video Playout Duration [s] | QoS parameter description Start trigger ID Stop trigger ID The time it took for the video to playout. tr-2 tr-3 |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.28 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.29 Accumulated Video Freezing Duration [s] | QoS parameter description Start trigger ID Stop trigger ID The accumulated duration for all video freezes for successful playout starts. tr-2 tr-3 NOTE: Freezes occur e.g. when video playout has started and needs to pause for re-buffering, but they can also occur in case of slow hardware, as the CPU and GPU load can be... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.30 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.31 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.32 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.33 Void | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.34 Video Freezing Time Proportion | QoS parameter description Start trigger ID Stop trigger ID The proportion of the accumulated video freezing duration in relation to the actual video playout duration (including freezings) for successful playout starts. tr-2 tr-3 The following equation defines the abstract equation to be used to calculate this parameter... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.3.35 Video Quality | QoS parameter description Start trigger ID Stop trigger ID The average perceived video quality of the displayed video. tr-2 tr-3 4.4 Recommended supplementary information for IP-based video service measurements |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.4.0 Introduction | In particular with regards to trouble shooting purposes, certain supplementary observable quantities are recommended to include into the measurement results if made available from the service application, the bitstream analysis or the screen. An important supplementary information is the start of downloading the video ... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.4.1 Video Preparation Failure Ratio [%] | QoS parameter description Start trigger ID Stop trigger ID The overall failure ratio during the Video Preparation time. tr-1 tr-1a |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.4.2 Video Preparation Time [s] | QoS parameter description Start trigger ID Stop trigger ID The time it took for the video transfer to start. tr-1 tr-1a |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.4.3 Pre-Playout Buffering Failure Ratio [%] | QoS parameter description Start trigger ID Stop trigger ID The overall failure ratio experienced during the Pre-Playout Buffering interval time. tr-1a tr-2 |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.4.4 Pre-Playout Buffering Time [s] | QoS parameter description Start trigger ID Stop trigger ID The time it took to display the first frame by the player, equal to the initial Pre-Playout Buffering time. tr-1a tr-2 ETSI ETSI TR 101 578 V1.3.1 (2018-10) 19 4.5 Configuration aspects including timeout recommendations for IP-based video service measurements |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.0 Purpose | This clause gives examples for configuration options that can be used by active or manually tests to shape a YouTube™ measurement so it represents end-user experience more accurately. |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.1 URL | During video measurements, any traffic beyond the player and video download should be minimized as much as possible, which is why it is recommended to display videos using the full screen option of the video service application. To avoid having to load the frontend with logos, thumbnail links to other videos, comments,... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.2 Timeouts | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.2.0 Application of timeouts | A range of timeouts and other thresholds can be used to: a) derive QoS based on assumptions about the maximum tolerable degradations that a model user is willing to experience before aborting the service session; and b) make automated video measurements more effective. Some of these parameters can be derived from their... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.2.1 Video Access timeout | The Video IP Service Access timeout determines how long the measurement engine will wait for the video to be displayed until the procedure is considered a failure. It can be considered as a maximum waiting time by a human user as well, for which he is willing to wait for starting the display of the video. |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.3 Video Playout Duration | The Video Playout Duration of the video tells the measurement engine the exact duration of the video in seconds, which is required for the calculation of related QoS parameters. It should be taken from the value that is displayed when the video is played manually. Measurements with videos of 90 s length are recommended... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.4 Handling of video freezes | |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.4.0 Use of freezes | Freezes in video playback can represent an important part of end-user experience and should be considered when creating a framework for measurements. The following parameters are suitable to control measurement execution and derive QoS based on assumptions about the maximum tolerable degradations that a model user is w... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.4.1 Minimum freeze duration | The minimum freeze duration is the minimum duration in milliseconds for a video to stall until it is recognized and evaluated as a freeze. For example, if video is hidden during playout, hardware-related freezes in the worst case will be around 120 ms (with slow Hardware). In case video is displayed during playout hard... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.4.2 Maximum duration of single freeze | If a single freeze exceeds the maximum duration of single freeze value, the video download is evaluated as cut-off since a normal user would stop the video because the video got stuck. A typical user will be prepared to wait during one long rebuffering event. If one single interruption is longer than the timeout value,... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.4.3 Maximum duration of all freezes | If the sum of all freeze durations exceeds the maximum duration of all freezes value, the video download is evaluated as a cut-off. This reflects a regular user stopping the video because it got stuck too often in total. |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.4.4 Maximum number of freezes | A total number of maximum allowed freezes can be considered for use case configuration as well. This parameter is entirely subjective. The user may not be bothered with many short freezes when they are unnoticeably short and the video proceeds to play. On the other hand, someone who tries to listen to a song will be bo... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.5 Timeout and Threshold Frameworks | The different types of timeouts and thresholds presented in the previous clauses constitute a framework of rules that models a user with specific properties, such as e.g.: • Level of expectation/Comparable past experience. • Level of patience/time pressure. It needs to be understood that the setting of those parameters... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.6 Hide video during playout | Hiding video playback during the playout phase will significantly reduce GPU and CPU load. This is especially recommended when connecting to a measurement system via remote desktop and the video would otherwise play back on the remote desktop machine. It needs to be ensured that the behaviour of the player or the devic... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.7 Play until the end | The video can be played back until the end even when the video download has already been completed. Omitting this step is recommended to save time during measurements, as video skips and interruptions only happen during download. |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.8 Cache and cookies | The cache should be cleared after measurement, which will delete the downloaded player and video files and prevent inadequate download times. Today's video services also keep stored information about the last observed channel quality. This is mainly for starting a next video in an adequate quality (bitrate class). This... |
62096ab52484b380fd087fbbc5b51798 | 101 578 | 4.5.9 Video Resolution characteristics of the clip test | The video clip should be available to be played at high resolution too, avoiding to use videos that are available at low resolution only (like old YouTubeTM videos) 4.6 Impacts of measurement hardware for IP-based video service measurements IP-based video services are, compared to e.g. a file download via FTP, much mor... |
e801da9db5906011d7ce661195c2fe2f | 101 617 | 1 Scope | The present document intends to describe a basic frame for charging and revenue accounting for ETNS Services. The main frame and the technical conditions for ETNS (European Telephony Numbering Space) Services are described from different points of view in the documents referred to in clause 2 References. The European C... |
e801da9db5906011d7ce661195c2fe2f | 101 617 | 2 References | The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. • References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Fo... |
e801da9db5906011d7ce661195c2fe2f | 101 617 | 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations | |
e801da9db5906011d7ce661195c2fe2f | 101 617 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Assisted Network: a network which routes a call to the European Number towards a Serving Network it has agreement with in order to complete the call. Call Contractor: the network operator responsible for establishment of a call (to an ... |
e801da9db5906011d7ce661195c2fe2f | 101 617 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Outside Europe Europe C om m on Exchange Serving Exchange Service Exchange C alled Party C alling Party N etw ork operator dom ain ETN S Service Provider database (R N TN ) Term ination Point D ata link, num ber translation, e. g. SS7 link R egistra... |
e801da9db5906011d7ce661195c2fe2f | 101 617 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: DSS1 Digital Subscriber Signalling system No. 1 ECTRA European Committee on Telecommunications Regulatory Affairs EN European Number ESI European Service Identity ESN European Subscriber Number ETNS European Telephony Numbering Space ISDN Inte... |
e801da9db5906011d7ce661195c2fe2f | 101 617 | 4 Description of the ETNS Service Concept | A short description of the assumed concept and the actors for ETNS Service could be useful: To emphasize the European feature it has been decided that the "intelligence" in the ETNS Service System shall be located inside Europe. |
e801da9db5906011d7ce661195c2fe2f | 101 617 | 4.1 The elements in the structure | The numbering administration system The numbering administration system has two elements interconnected by data links, see figure 2: 1) the European Telephone Numbering Space (ETNS) Registrar Database, which is a centre for administration of the numbering and interlinking between the European Number (EN) and the Routei... |
e801da9db5906011d7ce661195c2fe2f | 101 617 | 4.2 Calling an ETNS Service | ETNS Services shall be accessible worldwide by all customers in public networks. Calling an ETNS Service is decided as 00 + 388 xxxx. It appears as an international call procedure, 00 + "country code = 388" + E.164 number. The E.164 number may be grouped intending to link number series and service types. Relating to th... |
e801da9db5906011d7ce661195c2fe2f | 101 617 | 4.3 Call Contractor access | The Calling Party might be given an opportunity to choose the Call Contractor e.g. by an access code. The choice of Call Contractor can be made on a call by call basis or based on preselection. 5 Charging of ETNS Services The requirements for the present document were to describe guidelines for the future charging of E... |
e801da9db5906011d7ce661195c2fe2f | 101 617 | 5.2.2.1 Charging by the Call Contractor, One Stop Charging | The following alternatives are seen for the Call Contractor's profile as manager of One Stop Charging: The Call Contractor might have two different positions: 1) The Call Contractor agrees with a number of NOs and an available ETNS Service Provider on the commercial conditions and sells the complete ETNS Service (Acces... |
e801da9db5906011d7ce661195c2fe2f | 101 617 | 5.3 Revenue Accounting | If a service contributor require the income from the candidate for payment on behalf of other service or traffic providers, a Revenue Accounting is expected to follow. The Revenue Accounting process is performed at an appropriate time, delayed in relation to the call. The entity to require the income from a Calling Par... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 1 Scope | The present document analyses the service aspects and management aspects which are needed at the SCEF-SMF interface and identifies which of them would be feasibile to standardize in order to enable service creation for a multi-vendor environment. The scope of this feasibility study is to: a) identify and select require... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 2 References | The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. • References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Fo... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: execution platform: all IN Physical Entities that can be involved in real time execution of a service (e.g. SSP, SCP, SDP, SRP). management definition (M-def): a definition containing all functions needed to be able to manage new funct... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AOPL Application Oriented Parsing Language API Application Programming Interface ASN Abstract Syntax Notation BSS Business Support Systems CID Call Instance Data CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture CPE Customer Premises Equipment D... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 4 Current situation for service creation interfaces | In the current situation, service creation interfaces are proprietary. The SCE, SMS and SCP are a single vendor product combination. Management for the other Functional Elements is usually not integrated. See figure 1. standard standard proprietary proprietary BSS C7 INAP programming programming interface interface SCE... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 5 Rationale | In this clause the reasons for this study are summarized. • Service creation for all IN functional entities. Instead of only taking into account the development of the service logic for the SCPs, also the configuration of the other IN-elements (SSPs, IPs, SDPs) is considered. • Service creation for different network ty... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 6 Service creation interfaces | In this clause it is discussed which interfaces between the IN functional entities are involved in this feasibility study. A logical interface exists between SCEF and all other functional entities; it describes the logical relationship between the SCEF and the execution platform in the service creation process. The act... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 7 Working method | In this clause the working method for this feasibility study is outlined. A three step approach is performed and described in the next clauses. Clauses 8 to 10 correspond to each of these steps. Step 1: requirements on SCE interfaces In this feasibility study the ETSI Service Life Cycle (SLC) [1] will be used to identi... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 8 Requirements on SCE interfaces | |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 8.1 SCE functions | The following requirements are identified for the SCE functions. The SCE should provide: • service logic programs [2]; • service logic scripts (e.g. SRF mini scripts) [2]; • service data scripts (e.g. SDF mini script) [2]; • support for changes resulting from re-development of the service; • service instant data struct... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 8.2 Service creation logical interfaces | The following requirements are identified for the service creation logical interfaces: • It should be possible to define service logic in a SCEF and execute it on other vendor's execution platforms. • It should be possible that service logic is portable across execution platforms. NOTE: For some scenarios, for example ... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 9 Possible technical solutions | In this clause a possible technical solution to meet the requirements for the SCE is described. Open interfaces for service creation are required to overcome most of these problems. |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 9.1 SCEF modelling | The service creation could provide a standardized output, which will consist of two types: • "Service Definitions" (S-def); • "Management Definitions" (M-def). The S-def contains all functions which are needed to manage direct service execution (e.g. service logic, service support data, announcements, trigger tables). ... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 9.2 Service creation logical interfaces | Several ways are identified to realize a service creation logical interface: • Object Oriented techniques: • Object Request Broker (ORB) client on every FE; • use of CORBA; • a vendor specific API on every FE, middleware layer on top of that offering an API for application designers; • standard or open operating system... |
896bde7067f3f99028f16d5fe6cddb61 | 101 616 | 10 Feasibility and acceptability | In the time frame of CS-3 the standardization of the SCE output to network elements via the SMF is not feasible. The following reasons are identified: • The benefits for parties within the business model (e.g. vendor, network operator, service provider) are not clear. This slows down the work performed on the subject. ... |
1f8ec2f1098b0ca82d74bf3ddd3a9b67 | 101 568 | 1 Scope | The present document gives an introduction to and an analysis of the most important issues and areas of relevance to context dependent multilingual communications for interactive applications. It provides a clear description of the most common difficulties and problems faced by application designers and localisers toda... |
1f8ec2f1098b0ca82d74bf3ddd3a9b67 | 101 568 | 2 References | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a... |
1f8ec2f1098b0ca82d74bf3ddd3a9b67 | 101 568 | 2.1 Normative references | Not applicable. |
1f8ec2f1098b0ca82d74bf3ddd3a9b67 | 101 568 | 2.2 Informative references | The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ETSI EG 202 417: "Human Factors (HF); User education guidelines for mobile terminals and services". [i.2] W.L. Johnson, S. Marsella, N. Mote, H. Vilhj... |
1f8ec2f1098b0ca82d74bf3ddd3a9b67 | 101 568 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
1f8ec2f1098b0ca82d74bf3ddd3a9b67 | 101 568 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: avatar: See "playing character". crowd sourcing: it is the act of outsourcing tasks, traditionally performed internally within a company or a group, to an undefined, large group of people or community NOTE: It can be a community design... |
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