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96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 7.7 Protocol Support | This clause provides an overview of protocol support by the CCAP with respect to IP version, virtual private networks, routing, and multicast. |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 7.7.1 IP Versions | The CCAP supports IPv4 and IPv6 for both unicast and multicast traffic. The CCAP has the ability to forward traffic to both IPv4 and IPv6 devices. |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 7.7.2 VPN | The system will need to support VPN in order to support low cost layer 2 only VPN services provided over DOCSIS and expand offerings to high-touch managed L3 VPNs. The CCAP is expected to support the following VPN-related RFCs: • VPLS using BGP for auto-discovery and signalling, as specified in [i.23] • BGP/MPLS IP VPN... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 7.7.2.1 MPLS | The system is expected to support MPLS label switching services in order to integrate into existing and planned commercial services platforms. Major applications of MPLS are telecommunications traffic engineering and MPLS VPN. In the context of MPLS VPNs, the CCAP is expected to support the following MPLS RFCs: • Encap... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 7.7.2.2 Multicast VPN (MVPN) | Multicast Virtual Private Network (MVPN) is a technology to deploy multicast service in an existing VPN or as part of a transport infrastructure. Multicast data is transmitted between private networks over a VPN infrastructure by encapsulating the original multicast packets. The CCAP is expected to support the followin... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 7.7.3 Routing | The CCAP is expected to support the following routing protocols: • RIPv2 on the access side as specified in [i.13] • IS-IS, as specified in [i.26] • Multi-Topology support for IS-IS, as specified in [i.45] • OSPFv2 as specified in [i.12] and [i.27] • BGPv4, as specified in [i.22] • Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4, a... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 7.7.4 Multicast | The CCAP is expected to support Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) with SSM extensions, as specified in [i.20]. In addition, the CCAP has the ability to join multiple IP multicast groups with PIM-SM. ETSI ETSI TR 101 546 V1.1.1 (2011-10) 36 For IPv4 on the access interfaces (DOCSIS, PON, etc.), the CCA... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 7.7.5 Modular CCAP: Packet to Access Shelf Interface (PASI) Protocols | In a Modular CCAP, the Packet Shelf and the Access Shelf interact through the Packet to Access Shelf Interface (PASI), specified in [i.41]. PASI has three different planes, as shown in figure 7-6: • Management plane conveying management information between the shelves • Control plane signalling for information between ... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 7.7.5.1 PASI Management Plane | Currently, the PASI Management plane is defined to use the NETCONF protocol for management requests. When SNMP queries are sent to Packet Shelf for particular attributes that are found on its subtended Access Shelves, the Packet Shelf will use NETCONF to forward the query to the appropriate Access Shelves. Each Access ... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 7.7.5.2 PASI Control Plane | The PASI Control Plane uses the Access Node Control Protocol (ANCP) protocol. This protocol is a real time protocol used to communicate information between the PS and the AS. For example, when a modem ranges, the PS needs to be notified of this event. The AS will notify the PS via ANCP by encoding its information in Ty... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 7.7.5.3 PASI Data Plane | The PASI Data Plane protocols used for fast-path communication between PS and AS can be broken down into two separate types. First is for packet steering to allow packets to be directed from the PS to the AS and back. The M-CCAP will use a basic Ethernet Frame with an IEEE 802.1Q [i.47] VLAN tag. This is used when the ... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8 CCAP Implementations | The following clauses describe implementations that support current headend use cases. It is expected that the CCAP could evolve to support extended frequency ranges and other access network technologies, such as EoC, RFoG, and PON over Coax. |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8.1 CCAP Interface Options | |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8.1.1 Hybrid-Fibre Coax Interfaces | The CCAP is expected to implement upstream and downstream RF interfaces on separate downstream and upstream physical interface cards (PICs). This separation of PICs allows upstream and downstream capacity to be changed independently. The CCAP could be implemented with a combined PIC, a card that has both upstream and d... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8.1.1.1 Downstream RF Interfaces | The CCAP is expected to support a downstream RF interface ratio of one downstream RF port per downstream service group. A large Integrated CCAP is expected to support a minimum of 40 to 60 downstream ports, and a small Integrated CCAP is expected to support a minimum of 16 to 20 downstream ports. Downstream physical in... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8.1.1.2 Upstream RF Interfaces | The CCAP is expected to support an upstream RF interface ratio of one upstream RF port per upstream service group. A large CCAP is expected to support at least 80 to 120 upstream ports (with 120 being the preferred minimum), and a small chassis is expected to support 32 to 40 upstream ports. Upstream physical interface... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8.1.2 Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) Interfaces | Fibre access represents one method of offering higher bandwidth to subscribers. Increasing bandwidth may be required to meet the increasing data demands of business customers. EPON minimizes investment in the access infrastructure while delivering more bandwidth and greater service flexibility. It is the least costly m... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8.1.2.1 Split Ratios and Customers Served | The EPON split ratio for CCAP is expected to be 128:1. Each I-CCAP chassis is expected to support at least 16 active EPON interfaces, and 24 or more is preferable. Two RF service groups should be served by each EPON interface. This suggests a density of approximately 128 business customers per 1 000 residential custome... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8.1.2.2 EPON Redundancy | The CCAP chassis can optionally support N+1 EPON redundancy. Other redundant configurations are possible as well. High availability and reliability are critical to enterprise business services and will be an important option when diversely routed fibre is available to the subscriber. |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8.1.2.3 EPON Connectors | EPON line cards should support SFP-type connectors. This form factor allows for maximum flexibility for wavelength and port selection. SC/PC is also an option. |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8.1.3 Network Side Interface | The CCAP receives any data to be transmitted downstream (e.g. Internet content, IP video, IPCablecom voice data, and DSG data) through the Network Side Interface (NSI), which would consist of at least 160 Gbps of data on one or more physical interfaces in order to support a fully loaded large chassis (at least 80 Gbps ... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8.2 Platform Implementation Options | As with the existing CMTS architectures, a CCAP device can be implemented in an integrated or modular manner. For the integrated CCAP (I-CCAP), all functions are implemented in a single chassis. In a modular CCAP, functions are divided between a Packet Shelf (PS) and an Access Shelf (AS), as follows: • The PS implement... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8.2.1 I-CCAP Chassis Sizing | The integrated CCAP chassis may be deployed in a large chassis, designed to support a minimum of 40 downstream RF ports. The I-CCAP could also be implemented in a smaller chassis, supporting at least 16 downstream RF ports. The smaller implementation will provide great value to smaller hub sites in use by cable operato... |
96e320caefa6811bdaf7c3bb12b492f9 | 101 546 | 8.2.2 M-CCAP Chassis Sizing and Physical Locations | The Modular implementation of the CCAP is provided by two devices: a Packet Shelf (PS) and an Access Shelf (AS). The PS and AS are used together to provide the same functionality that is found in the I-CCAP implementation. The Packet Shelf is designed to support a minimum of eight Access Shelves and 160 downstream serv... |
17fbf5b673b6682c4cfcc6b87f03b352 | 101 576 | 1 Scope | The present document describes the Recommendations for the applicability of environmental classes in outdoor cabinet environment. The present document applies for the powering of all equipment of the access network (copper, fibre or radio networks) located outside telecommunications centres. The present document is int... |
17fbf5b673b6682c4cfcc6b87f03b352 | 101 576 | 2 References | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar... |
17fbf5b673b6682c4cfcc6b87f03b352 | 101 576 | 2.1 Normative references | The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. |
17fbf5b673b6682c4cfcc6b87f03b352 | 101 576 | 2.2 Informative references | The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ETSI EN 302 099: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Powering of equipment in access network". [i.2] ETSI EN 300 019-1-0: "Environmental Engineering (EE)... |
17fbf5b673b6682c4cfcc6b87f03b352 | 101 576 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
17fbf5b673b6682c4cfcc6b87f03b352 | 101 576 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document the following terms and definitions apply: access network: part of a telecommunications network between the customer terminal installation and the first switching unit outdoor enclosure: part of outdoor equipment that is exposed to the adverse conditions in an outdoor location a... |
17fbf5b673b6682c4cfcc6b87f03b352 | 101 576 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CH Customer's Home DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer FTTB Fibre To The Building FTTC Fibre To The Curb FTTCab Fibre To The Cabinet FTTH Fibre To The Home ETSI ETSI TR 101 576 V1.1.1 (2011-12) 7 OLT Optical Line Termination PCM P... |
17fbf5b673b6682c4cfcc6b87f03b352 | 101 576 | 4 Housing configurations | The main characteristic feature of the different housing architectures of access network equipment is the location of the following three functions: • the point of connection to the mains and the transmission equipment; and • the place of power back-up; or • the enclosure with transmission equipment powered remotely fr... |
17fbf5b673b6682c4cfcc6b87f03b352 | 101 576 | 5 Environmental conditions | EN 300 019-1-0 [i.2] defines the classification of the environmental conditions. EN 300 019-1-3 [i.5] specifies the classification of environmental conditions in Stationary use at weather protected locations, EN 300 019-1-4 [i.6] specifies the classification of environmental conditions in Stationary use at non-weather ... |
17fbf5b673b6682c4cfcc6b87f03b352 | 101 576 | 5.1 Specification T 3.3: Partly temperature-controlled locations (according to EN 300 019-1-3) | This specification applies to enclosed locations having neither temperature nor humidity control, but where heating may be used to avoid low temperatures. The building construction avoids extremely high temperatures. See tables 2 and 3. Table 2: Test specification T 3.3: Partly temperature controlled locations - climat... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 1 Scope | The present document assesses the current status of Cable Equipment standards that are implemented and deployed in the components that comprise integrated broadband cable and television networks and the approaches for their transition to IPv6. Since the time-to-market is a factor considering the depletion of IPv4 addre... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 2 References | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 2.1 Normative references | The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 2.2 Informative references | The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ETSI TR 102 881 (V1.1.1): "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Cable Network Handbook", June 2010. [i.2] ETSI TS 103 161 (all par... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 3 Symbols and abbreviations | |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 3.1 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: µs Microsecond Gbit/s Gigabit per second Mbit/s Megabit per second MHz Megahertz ms Millisecond ETSI ETSI TR 101 569 V1.1.1 (2012-12) 12 |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project 4rd IPv4 Residual Deployment 6over4 IPv6 over IPv4 6PE IPv6 Provider Edge 6rd IPv6 Rapid Deployment 6VPE IPv6 VPN Provider Edge A (DNS) A Resource Record A+P Address Plus Port A6 (DNS) A6 Resource Reco... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 4 Transition to Next Generation IP | |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 4.1 General Considerations | Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a technology which is beginning to be adopted by network operators and ISPs across global markets as IPv4 addresses become depleted in all registries. However, despite its maturity as a standard and the gradual momentum for its adoption, the integration of IPv6 within an end-to-end... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 4.2 Development of Transition Technologies | Originally, eighteen different transition or co-existence technologies were considered, fully or partially developed, and with the possibilities of interactions between different networks. Implementing different mechanisms of the mixed IPv4/IPv6 Internet presented a very complex and unadvisable picture driving the indu... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 4.4 Network Management | SNMP is the de-facto standard for a management protocol used in the current Internet. As new standards are being defined for the IPv6 protocol and all other related technologies, the corresponding SNMP MIB definitions for these are also being made. However, vendor adoption of these MIBs has been slow; only recently ven... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 4.5 MSO Considerations | The industry has dealt with some of the potential pitfalls of IPv6 and its transition; but in considering MSO deployments, hundreds of potentially affected applications and services can be listed/ Portals, DHCP and lease times, OSS and BSS in general. These challenges also extend into monitoring technologies and securi... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 5 Background and Concept of Transition | IPv6 transition is critical to the long-term sustainability of European and global networks in order to ensure business continuity. With more and more services and industries come to rely on the global Internet as a fundamental platform the need for ubiquitous connectivity of devices and services becomes very urgent. M... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 5.1 Broadband Cable Network Providers | As of today, integrated broadband cable and television networks go into the home of more than 73 million customers in the European Union providing Digital TV, Broadband Internet and Telephony services. Broadband Internet services provided by Cable Networks utilizing DOCSIS cable modem technology enable about 23,2 milli... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 5.2 IP Connectivity in Cable Networks | Integrated broadband cable and television networks are built against various international and ETSI standards. Figure 1 depicts the fundamental architecture of a Cable Network as it is currently deployed with a hybrid fibre-coax approach. [i.1] provides a complete overview on Cable Network architectures and services. T... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 5.2.1 Customer Host | This is the device that the customer uses to consume an IP-based service. It is the final destination and the originating source of IP packets. As Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) it is typically owned and operated by the customer. Cable Network operators are unlikely to be able to support and manage the wide variety ... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 5.2.2 Home Network | The Home Network extends from the Customer Host to the Access Gateway. It may be constituted by a simple wired or wireless link between the two devices (in which case it becomes irrelevant for this analysis since it is not addressable and does not process protocol messages) or may consist of a complete infrastructure o... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 5.2.3 Access Gateway | This device is installed at the customer location and constitutes the separation between the Home Network and the Access Network. While the device may be owned by the customer or the Cable Network operator it is typically authorized for usage by the latter. It terminates the Cable Network on the customer side. ETSI ETS... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 5.2.4 Access Network | The Access Network extends from the Access Gateway to the Headend. It is operated and managed by the Cable Network operator. It typically uses DOCSIS technology to establish IP connectivity and packet transport. |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 5.2.5 Headend | This device separates the Access Network from the Backbone Network. It terminates the Cable Network on the operator side. For the purposes of the present document it also terminates the portion of the end-to-end IP connection that traverses the operator-managed network. As such it will be the location of devices that a... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 5.2.6 Internet | This is the Internet cloud that is considered to be the host of IP-based services. It is the final destination and the originating source of IP packets which may be delivered as IPv4 or IPv6. The actual delivery of the service or the path the packet has taken through the Internet cloud is irrelevant for the present doc... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6 Analysis of Cable Network Deployments | This clause defines the main parts of the MSO network as they are currently deployed. Developing technologies such as CDN are not taken into account. |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.1 Overview | For the purposes of analysing currently deployed Cable Network architectures with regard to their support of IPv6 and with the goal to identify connectivity gaps that are to be addressed by transition technologies, the following network components are considered. • End-user CPE • Access Network ETSI ETSI TR 101 569 V1.... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.2 End-user CPE | Figure 3 gives a view of the most common CPE installed at customer sites. Figure 3: CPE installed at a customer site ETSI ETSI TR 101 569 V1.1.1 (2012-12) 25 |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.2.1 Stand-alone Cable Modem | A stand-alone Cable Modem is a CPE device that provides connectivity to the Cable Operator's HFC network. It has a single Ethernet interface on the customer-facing side. Stand-alone Cable Modems do not provide any routing facility and are typically either used for connecting a single host (e.g. PC) or for connecting to... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.2.2 Home Router | A stand-alone home router provides LAN functionality within the customer home. It has one Ethernet WAN interface, which is connected to the Cable Modem, and one or more wired Ethernet LAN interfaces. It generally includes a Wireless LAN interface using IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n standards [i.6], [i.7], [i.8] and [i.9]. The IP ... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.2.3 eRouter | An eRouter is a combined Cable Modem and home router. These devices generally provide all of the features as detailed in clauses 6.2.1 and 6.2.2. However all functionality is enclosed in a single housing which requires a single power supply and takes up less space. Features and functionality vary widely between manufac... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.2.4 Set-top Box | A set-top box is used to receive and decode digital television signals delivered by the Cable Operator. In addition, the set-top box may also provide interactive services and be able to retrieve content from the Internet. The broadcast signal does not use IP, however interactive functions and access to the Internet are... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.2.5 Consumer Equipment | There is a wide and ever-increasing range of equipment that is becoming "internet-ready" by having either a wired Ethernet interface or a built-in wireless IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n interface. This device category includes Personal Computers (PCs) and laptops with a wide range of operating systems and versions as well as tabl... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.2.6 E-MTA | An E-MTA (Embedded Multimedia Terminal Adapter) is deployed by Cable Operators to provide telephony services using VoIP across the HFC network. In the strict sense, the E-MTA is a combination of two separately provisioned devices, an embedded Cable Modem (eCM) and an embedded MTA (eMTA). The eMTA is provisioned with an... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.3 Access Network | The Access Network provides the physical connectivity from the Cable Modem to the Cable Modem Termination System and is interconnected at the latter's location with the Core Network. This can be achieved using Layer 2 (e.g. Ethernet), Layer 3 routing or directly into the MPLS backbone. IP addressing is commonly provide... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.3.1 DHCP | DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is used extensively in Cable Networks to provide IP addressing for both the Cable Modem and the public side of the customer LAN. The DHCP protocol is defined in [i.24]. The CMTS is used as a relay agent to receive broadcast DHCP messages from the clients connected to the HFC n... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.3.2 TFTP | The Trivial File Transfer Protocol [i.21] is used in Cable Operator networks to provide DOCSIS configuration files to the Cable Modems and set-top boxes. As part of its initialisation process, a Cable Modem downloads the configuration file (specified in a DHCP option) from a TFTP server (also specified in a DHCP option... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.3.3 ToD | The Time of Day protocol [i.19] is used by Cable Devices during initialisation to acquire the current time. The time server IP address is provided as a DHCP option. Under European regulatory requirements and guidelines, Cable Operators are required to provide real-time and historical data on which IP address has been a... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.4 CMTS | The Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) is a router that hosts the physical interface to the HFC network and provides the routed IP connectivity to the Access Network. On the HFC interface, the following standards are supported: • DOCSIS 1.0 / DOCSIS 1.1 The first generation DOCSIS cable transmission standard which w... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.5 Core Network | The Core Network provides the physical connectivity between multiple Access Networks, Datacentres and the transit (T)/ peering (P) partners. The topology of the Core Network is different for each service provider, but many use MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) in a full-mesh configuration to ensure resilience and re... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.6 Datacentre | The Datacentre infrastructure is generally used to host the Cable Service Provider's own or third party network services. These include authoritative and recursive DNS servers, email servers, web portal services, provisioning systems, OSS platforms, data storage and backup. ETSI ETSI TR 101 569 V1.1.1 (2012-12) 28 |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.6.1 DNS | DNS (Domain Name Service) is used in IP networks to resolve domain names into host IP addresses. There are two primary functions of DNS, authoritative and recursive. |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.6.1.1 Authoritative DNS | An authoritative DNS server holds the zone files that store the mapping between IP address and host name. It is the IETF best practice [i.22] to define a reverse mapping (PTR record) for every IP address. This is normally achieved by pre-populating the forward and reverse zones with unique names mapped to the IP addres... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.6.1.2 Recursive DNS | Recursive DNS servers are deployed in the Cable Operator network and are used by the clients to resolve IP addresses and names from the Internet. These servers generally also cache the results of lookups to improve performance and reduce overall DNS query rate. Service providers generally provide additional DNS service... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.6.2 Email | An email service may be supplied to a customer using standard protocols POP, SMTP and/or IMAP, as well as via a webmail portal over HTTP/S. |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.6.3 Web Portals | The service provider may allow for customer self-care functions including the ability to subscribe to, change service tier or profile or subscribe to additional services offered by the service provider or an approved third party. These functions are generally provided via a web-based portal using HTTP/S. |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.7 Support Services | Within the Cable Operator network, management of subscriptions and services as well as provisioning of devices is provided by a wide range of Operational Support Systems (OSS) tools. These tools often use industry standard network management protocols such as SNMPv1 or SNMPv2 and more recently the CPE WAN Management Pr... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.8 Lawful Intercept / Data Retention | Lawful intercept is the lawfully authorized interception and monitoring of communications. Cable Service Providers should comply with the legal and regulatory requirements for the interception of voice as well as data communications in IP networks. The IP data should be retained by the Cable Service Provider for a defi... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 6.9 Other Functions | Other functions exist within many Cable Operator networks that are irregular or of a bespoke nature. It is impossible to provide a comprehensive list. Some examples, though, may include: • Web content filtering: This is the blocking of illegal / immoral web content delivered by a specified list of Internet hosts. The s... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 7 IPv6 Readiness Market Analysis | This market analysis summarizes the present state of the measures MSOs are considering to date with regard to managing the transition to IPv6 and outlines the status of deployment of IPv6 within live networks and test environments. Although due care has been applied in collecting and presenting this information, it has... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8 Support of IPv6 on Cable Network Components | |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.1 Overview | This clause provides a high-level view of the present status of IPv6 development for various aspects of the technologies that are used to establish end-to-end IP connectivity in a Cable Network. Particular attention is given to: • Peering • Routing and Core Network • Access Aggregation • CMTS/Headend • HFC and CPE • OS... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.2 Peering | When discussing peering from a Cable ISP's viewpoint the focus would be on the ability for the customer to access the general Internet from within the MSO's network. Peering establishes this connectivity, so it is a logical place to start an end-to-end consideration although it - strictly speaking - does not represent ... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.3 Core Network | NOTE: In the general case, the Core Network implements centralized iBGP. However, some MSOs operate a Core Network with MPLS where special considerations in terms of IPv6 support apply. Routing is the set of Internet functionality that provides forwarding capabilities between hosts that are located on separate L3 netwo... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.4 Access Aggregation | PE iBGP to the Access IGP is well understood within the data-networking domain. 6PE and IPv6 IS-IS/OSPFv3 provide ample functionality to interconnect to the CE Access Aggregation. Route summarization and aggregation are fully configurable/implemented within most IGPs. Intermediate L2/L3 switches are also generally well... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.5 CMTS/Headend | After some delay compared to other network components, CMTSs can now be considered fully developed for IPv6. IPv6 support is constantly improving in its stability, feature sets and interoperability on all currently deployed platforms. Native IGPs, at least IS-IS, is ready for deployment in most topologies, with filteri... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.6 HFC and CPE | DOCSIS 3.0 [i.5] is the IPv6-ready technology for Cable Modems. The original specification was published in August 2006 and, subsequently, standardised by ETSI. The widely used DOCSIS 2.0 [i.4] even today does not fully support IPv6. The standard has been augmented by a DOCSIS 2.0 + IPv6 Cable Modem specification [i.49... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.7 OSS and BSS | All Cable ISPs provide advanced IP services - whether it is IP telephony, tiered high-speed data services, home networking or subscription media. These services cannot scale without tools to efficiently install, provision and manage network devices, as well as activate and support subscriber services. In short, Operati... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.8 DHCP and DNS | DHCP is currently the standard host configuration protocol for the TCP/IP protocol suite for IPv4 with development work being done since the early 1990s on DHCPv6. There are still some gaps to be addressed in future revisions of DHCPv6 but, generally, the protocol is functional and deployable. While most of the changes... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.9 Firewalls and Load Balancers | Firewall products are generally well advanced on IPv6 implementation. Full rule base, packet decryption, (specific packet field integer rules,) acceptance of all lengths of prefix, NDP ICMPv6 separation, VRRP, all interface configurations and general policies all based on IPv6 are among the important features that are ... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.10 Backend Support Services | OSSs as considered in clause 8.7 cover the DHCP, CPE, CMTS backend requirements while BSSs deal with the management of customer services. In addition, MSOs are deploying an extensive backend infrastructure that is required as a key function to manage the communication functionality, provide services such as backup, dat... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.11 Web Services | When migrating Web services from IPv4 to IPv6 within an MSO's infrastructure, simply making a Web server ready for IPv6 has been identified to raise serious problems whereby for example users could experience errors when they request services that were not yet supported by IPv6. In addition, a suitable solution require... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.12 DTV Services | Digital Television Networks are shifting from the mere transport of native MPEG-2 Transport Streams to the provision of IP-based services, either unidirectional or fully interactive. The inclusion of an IPv4/IPv6 stack in a DTV terminal requires it to receive configuration information from the network such as host, gat... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.13 Network Management and Monitoring Services | Network Management Systems (NMS) are fast becoming IPv6 compliant and are reaching a similar level of feature richness and functionality as in an IPv4 environment. There are, generally, certain missing items such as MIBs within SNMP, SYSLOG events on NDP DAD, IPFIX/Netflow v9 (IPv6 and IPv4 integrated templates) and IP... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.14 Data Retention and Lawful Interception | With Data Retention regulations applicable at a national level in several European and other countries, requirements are placed on the ISP to track potential user activities and log a record of the traffic and subscriber details for each communication. This enables the ISP to make available a reconciled history of comm... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 8.15 Home Services | Home services are an area where most of the technology issues for IPv6 readiness have to be considered significant. It is the most numerous and most diverse section of the end-to-end communication path, although not owned nor deployed nor managed by the ISP itself. Home content, applications and devices controlled by t... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 9 IPv6 Standardization | While the IETF started working on IPv6 in 1990 limited IPv6 adoption to date in residential environments has been seen. Although governments/institutions have been pushing service providers to adopt IPv6, there has never been a real business driver for service providers to introduce IPv6. There were no new applications... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 10 IPv4 to IPv6 Transition Technical Analysis | Global IPv4 address space is currently projected to be depleted around the middle of 2012 to 2015 for most MSOs. As part of the resulting rollout of IPv6 in the worldwide networking footprint specific measures should be taken to allow a smooth transition and coexistence between IPv4 and IPv6 capable network devices and... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 10.1 DS-Lite | One of the most promising candidate technologies for deployment in the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 in Cable Networks is DS-Lite. As demonstrated by the results of the analysis provided in the present document, the main advantage of DS-Lite over its alternative technologies is the lack of a requirement for inter-commun... |
99aa706f8230f5c604e7f0af22e3e90d | 101 569 | 10.1.1 Technical Summary | DS-Lite enables customers to access services natively over IPv6 and through translation over IPv4 and is, thus, a key technology to ensure complete service continuity when introducing IPv6 into the Access Network. As IPv6 is not "backward compatible" to IPv4, i.e. the two protocols exist independently of each other wit... |
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