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9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.1.7.2 Power behaviour (release) | The only difference between this measurement and the measurement for attack in clause 7.1.6.2 is that in this case the measurement is to determine the time elapsed between switching off the transmitter and the moment when the carrier power is within defined limits. Measurement uncertainty for release is therefore the s... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.1.8 Transient behaviour of the transmitter | Transient behaviour of the transmitter is the period of transient frequency/power behaviour immediately following the switching on or off of the transmitter. |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.1.8.1 Transient frequency behaviour | a) Methodology Transient frequency behaviour is the frequency error of the transmitter during switch on and switch off transients. Transmitter frequency error as a function of time during this period is measured by means of a test discriminator providing vertical deflection to a storage oscilloscope (see figure 68). Tr... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.1.8.2 Power level slope | a) Methodology Transmitter power output as a function of time (power level slope) is measured during switch on and switch off transients by means of a spectrum analyser set to zero span mode (see figure 69). Trigger device Transmitter under test trigger cable Spectrum analyser RF input Tx on/off cable Power attenuator ... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.1.9 Frequency deviation | |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.1.9.1 Maximum permissible frequency deviation | a) Methodology The AF signal from the audio frequency oscillator is applied to the modulation input of the transmitter under test at a level 20 dB above the level of normal test modulation (see figure 70). cable cable Power attenuator Transmitter under test Modulating AF oscillator Deviation meter Figure 70: Maximum pe... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.1.9.2 Response of the transmitter to modulation frequencies above 3 kHz | a) Methodology The AF signal from the audio frequency oscillator is applied to the modulation input of the transmitter under test at the specified level (see figure 71). cable cable Power attenuator Deviation meter Low noise signal generator Audio analyser Modulating AF oscillator Transmitter under test Figure 71: Meas... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2 Radiated tests | |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1 Frequency error (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) | |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.1 Anechoic Chamber | The method of calculating the expanded uncertainty for tests in which signal levels in dB are involved is equally adopted for the frequency error test in which all the uncertainties are in the units of Hz. That is, all the uncertainty contributions are converted into standard uncertainties and combined by the RSS metho... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.1.1 Contributions from the measurement | Table 49: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions Hz ui01 random uncertainty uj56 frequency counter: absolute reading uj05 mutual coupling: detuning effect of the absorbing material on the EUT uj09 mutual coupling: detuning effect of the test antenna on the EUT The standard u... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.1.2 Expanded uncertainty | Using an expansion factor (coverage factor) of k = 1,96, the expanded measurement uncertainty is ±1,96 × uc = ±__,__ Hz (see clause D.5.6.2 in TR 100 028-2 [8]). |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.2 Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane | The method of calculating the expanded uncertainty for tests in which signal levels in dB are involved is equally adopted for the frequency error test in which all the uncertainties are in the units of Hz. That is, all the uncertainty contributions are converted into standard uncertainties and combined by the RSS metho... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.2.1 Contributions from the measurement | Table 50: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions Hz ui01 random uncertainty uj56 frequency counter: absolute reading uj05 mutual coupling: detuning effect of the absorbing material on the EUT uj09 mutual coupling: detuning effect of the test antenna on the EUT ETSI ETSI TR 1... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.2.2 Expanded uncertainty | The standard uncertainties from table 50 should be combined by RSS in accordance with TR 102 273 [3], part 1, sub-part 1, clause 5. The combined standard uncertainty of the frequency measurement (uc contributions from the measurement) is the combination of the components outlined above. uc = uc contributions from the m... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.3 Open Area Test Site | The method of calculating the expanded uncertainty for tests in which signal levels in dB are involved is equally adopted for the frequency error test in which all the uncertainties are in the units of Hz. That is, all the uncertainty contributions are converted into standard uncertainties and combined by the RSS metho... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.3.1 Contributions from the measurement | Table 51: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions Hz ui01 random uncertainty uj09 mutual coupling: detuning effect of the test antenna on the EUT uj56 frequency counter: absolute reading |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.3.2 Expanded uncertainty | The standard uncertainties from table 51 should be combined by RSS in accordance with TR 102 273 [3], part 1, sub-part 1, clause 5. The combined standard uncertainty of the frequency measurement (uc contributions from the measurement) is the combination of the components outlined above. uc = uc contributions from the m... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.4 Stripline | This test is not usually performed in a Stripline and is therefore not considered here. |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.5 Test fixture | The method of calculating the expanded uncertainty for tests in which signal levels in dB are involved is equally adopted for the frequency error test in which all the uncertainties are in the units of Hz. That is, all the uncertainty contributions are converted into standard uncertainties and combined by the RSS metho... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.5.1 Contributions from the measurement | Table 52: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions Hz ui01 random uncertainty uj56 frequency counter: absolute reading uj60 Test Fixture: effect on the EUT uj61 Test Fixture: climatic facility effect on the EUT The standard uncertainties from table 52 should be combined by RSS... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.1.5.2 Expanded uncertainty | Using an expansion factor (coverage factor) of k = 1,96, the expanded measurement uncertainty is ±1,96 × uc = ±__,__ Hz (see clause D.5.6.2 in TR 100 028-2 [8]). |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2 Effective radiated power (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) | A fully worked example illustrating the methodology to be used can be found in TR 102 273 [3], part 1, sub-part 2, clause 4. |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.1 Anechoic Chamber | |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.1.1 Uncertainty contributions: Stage one: EUT measurement | For the measurement of effective radiated power two stages of test are involved. The first stage (the EUT measurement) is to measure on the receiving device, a level from the EUT as shown in figure 72 (shaded components are common to both stages of the test). Test antenna cable 2 Test antenna ferrite beads Attenuator 2... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.1.2 Uncertainty contributions: Stage two: Substitution | The second stage (the substitution) involves replacing the EUT with a substitution antenna and signal source as shown in figure 73 and adjusting the output level of the signal generator until the same level as in stage one is achieved on the receiving device. Test antenna cable 2 Test antenna ferrite beads Attenuator 2... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.1.3 Expanded uncertainty | The combined standard uncertainty of the effective radiated power measurement is the RSS combination of the components outlined in clauses 7.2.2.1.1 and 7.2.2.1.2. The components to be combined are uc contribution from the EUT measurement and uc contribution from the substitution. dB __ __, 2 2 = + = on substituti the ... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.2 Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane | |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.2.1 Uncertainty contributions: Stage one: EUT measurement | For the measurement of effective radiated power two stages of test are involved. The first stage (the EUT measurement) is to measure on the receiving device, a level from the EUT as shown in figure 74 (shaded components are common to both stages of the test). Test antenna cable 2 Test antenna ferrite beads EUT Attenuat... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.2.2 Uncertainty contributions: Stage two: Substitution measurement | The second stage (the substitution) involves replacing the EUT with a substitution antenna and signal source as shown in figure 75 and adjusting the output level of the signal generator until the same level as in stage one is achieved on the receiving device. Ground plane Test antenna cable 1 Test antenna ferrite beads... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.2.3 Expanded uncertainty | The combined standard uncertainty of the effective radiated power measurement is the RSS combination of the components outlined in clauses 7.2.4.1 and 7.2.4.2. The components to be combined are uc contribution from the EUT measurement and uc contribution from the substitution. dB __ __, 2 2 = + = on substituti the from... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.3 Open Area Test Site | |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.3.1 Uncertainty contributions: Stage one: EUT measurement | For the measurement of effective radiated power two stages of test are involved. The first stage (the EUT measurement) is to measure on the receiving device, a level from the EUT as shown in figure 76 (shaded components are common to both stages of the test). Test antenna cable 2 Test antenna ferrite beads EUT Attenuat... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.3.2 Uncertainty contributions: Stage two: Substitution measurement | The second stage (the substitution) involves replacing the EUT with a substitution antenna and signal source as shown in figure 77 and adjusting the output level of the signal generator until the same level as in stage one is achieved on the receiving device. Ground plane cable 1 ferrite beads Attenuator 1 10 dB Signal... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.3.3 Expanded uncertainty | The combined standard uncertainty of the effective radiated power measurement is the RSS combination of the components outlined in clauses 7.2.2.3.1 and 7.2.2.3.2. The components to be combined are uc contribution from the EUT measurement and uc contribution from the substitution. dB __ __, 2 2 = + = on substituti the ... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.4 Stripline | This test is not usually performed in a Stripline and is therefore not considered here. |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.5 Test fixture | The uncertainty contributions for the test are shown in table 59. ETSI ETSI TR 100 028-1 V1.4.1 (2001-12) 231 |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.5.1 Contributions from the measurement | Table 59: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions dB uj48 receiving device: linearity uj50 EUT: influence of the ambient temperature on the ERP of the carrier uj53 EUT: influence of setting the power supply on the ERP of the carrier uj60 Test Fixture: climatic facility effect... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.2.5.2 Expanded uncertainty | Tests in a Test Fixture differ to radiated tests on all other types of site in that there is only one stage to the test. However, to calculate the measurement uncertainty, the Test Fixture measurement should be considered as stage two of a test in which stage one was on an accredited Free-Field Test Site. The combined ... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3 Radiated spurious emissions | |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.1 Anechoic Chamber | |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.1.1 Uncertainty contributions: Stage one: EUT measurement | For the measurement of spurious effective radiated power two stages of test are involved. The first stage (the EUT measurement) is to measure on the receiving device, a level from the EUT as shown in figure 78 (shaded components are common to both stages of the test). Test antenna cable 2 Test antenna ferrite beads Att... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.1.2 Uncertainty contributions: Stage two: Substitution | The second stage (the substitution) involves replacing the EUT with a substitution antenna and signal source as shown in figure 79 and adjusting the output level of the signal generator until the same level as in stage one is achieved on the receiving device. cable 1 ferrite beads Attenuator 1 10 dB Signal generator Te... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.1.3 Expanded uncertainty | The combined standard uncertainty of the ERP measurement of the spurious emission is the combination of the components outlined in clauses 7.2.3.1.1 and 7.2.3.1.2. The components to be combined are uc contribution from the EUT measurement and uc contribution from the substitution. __dB __, = 2 2 on substituti the from ... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.2 Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane | |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.2.1 Uncertainty contributions: Stage one: EUT measurement | For the measurement of spurious effective radiated power two stages of test are involved. The first stage (the EUT measurement) is to measure on the receiving device, a level from the EUT as shown in figure 80 (shaded components are common to both stages of the test). ETSI ETSI TR 100 028-1 V1.4.1 (2001-12) 234 Test an... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.2.2 Uncertainty contributions: Stage two: Substitution measurement | The second stage (the substitution) involves replacing the EUT with a substitution antenna and signal source as shown in figure 81 and adjusting the output level of the signal generator until the same level as in stage one is achieved on the receiving device. Test antenna cable 2 Test antenna ferrite beads Attenuator 2... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.2.3 Expanded uncertainty | The combined standard uncertainty of the ERP measurement of the spurious emission is the combination of the components outlined in clauses 7.2.3.2.1 and 7.2.3.2.2. The components to be combined are uc contribution from the EUT measurement and uc contribution from the substitution. __dB __, = 2 2 on substituti the from ... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.3 Open Area Test Site | |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.3.1 Uncertainty contributions: Stage one: EUT measurement | For the measurement of spurious effective radiated power two stages of test are involved. The first stage (the EUT measurement) is to measure on the receiving device, a level from the EUT as shown in figure 82 (shaded components are common to both stages of the test). Test antenna cable 2 Test antenna ferrite beads Att... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.3.2 Uncertainty contributions: Stage two: Substitution measurement | The second stage (the substitution) involves replacing the EUT with a substitution antenna and signal source as shown in figure 83 and adjusting the output level of the signal generator until the same level as in stage one is achieved on the receiving device. Test antenna cable 2 Test antenna ferrite beads Attenuator 2... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.3.3 Expanded uncertainty | The combined standard uncertainty of the ERP measurement of the spurious emission is the combination of the components outlined in clauses 7.2.6.1 and 7.2.6.2. The components to be combined are uc contribution from the EUT measurement and uc contribution from the substitution. __dB __, = 2 2 on substituti the from ion ... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.4 Stripline | This test is not usually performed in a Stripline and is therefore not considered here. |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.3.5 Test fixture | This test is not normally carried out in a test fixture. |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.4 Adjacent channel power | |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.4.1 Anechoic Chamber | This test is normally carried out using a test fixture and as a result has not been considered for the Anechoic Chamber. ETSI ETSI TR 100 028-1 V1.4.1 (2001-12) 239 |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.4.2 Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane | This test is normally carried out using a test fixture and as a result has not been considered for the Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane. |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.4.3 Open Area Test Site | This test is normally carried out using a test fixture and as a result has not been considered for the Open Area Test Site. |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.4.4 Stripline | This test is normally carried out using a test fixture and as a result has not been considered for the Strip line. |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.4.5 Test fixture | The uncertainty contributions for the test are shown in table 66. NOTE: Some standards require the adjacent channel power to be 60 dBc without the need for it to fall below 250 nW. In this case, both values (absolute and dBc) are required as, for example, 40 dBc is considered satisfactory if the adjacent channel power ... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.4.5.1 Contributions from the measurement | Table 66: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions dB uj48 receiving device: linearity uj49 receiving device: power measuring receiver uj50 EUT: influence of the ambient temperature on the ERP of the carrier uj53 EUT: influence of setting the power supply on the ERP of the car... |
9fd31b6289d69846b992d5f7b2e5698e | 100 028-1 | 7.2.4.5.2 Expanded uncertainty | For a relative measurement (dBc) of adjacent channel power, the combined uncertainty, uc, of the measurement is simply the value for uc contributions from the measurement derived above. Using an expansion factor (coverage factor) of k = 1,96, the expanded measurement uncertainty is ±1,96 × uc = ±__,__ dB (see clause D.... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 1 Scope | The test methods contained within the present document are intended for use in determining the electrical characteristics of radio equipment in the mobile radio services. A further aim is to give guidance to both manufacturers and type testing authorities so that common test methods can be adopted leading, potentially,... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 2 References | The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. • References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Fo... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: antenna: that part of a transmitting or receiver system that is designed to radiate or to receive electromagnetic waves audio frequency load: normally a resistor of sufficient power rating to accept the maximum audio output power from ... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AC Alternating Current AF Audio Frequency D Distance in metres from equipment under test to the point at which measurements are made DC Direct Current emf electromotive force EUT Equipment Under Test IF Intermediate Frequency LPDA Log Periodic... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4 General arrangements | |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.1 Power measuring receiver | A power measuring receiver is used for the measurement of the adjacent channel power of a transmitter. There are three different types of receiver that come under the general heading of power measuring receiver. They are: - a Spectrum Analyser; - a Measuring receiver with digital filters; - an Adjacent Channel Power Me... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.1.1 Spectrum analyser | To use a spectrum analyser in the measurement of adjacent channel power, the transmitter under test is connected via a matching and attenuating network and the level of the carrier recorded as reference. The adjacent channel power is then calculated from 9 spectrum analyser sample readings by means of Simpson's Rule. T... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.1.2 Measuring receiver with digital filters | The transmitter under test is connected to a measuring receiver with digital filters through a matching and attenuating network as in the adjacent channel power meter method above. This method involves the measurement of the transmitter adjacent channel power by sampling the power in the adjacent channels. The measurin... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.1.3 Adjacent channel power meter | The transmitter under test is connected to an adjacent channel power meter through a matching and attenuating network. The meter consists of a mixer, an IF filter, an amplifier, a variable attenuator and a level indicator, as shown in figure 1. The local oscillator signal for the adjacent channel power meter is usually... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.1.3.1 IF filter | The IF filter should be within the limits of the selectivity characteristics given in figure 2. Depending on the channel separation, the selectivity characteristics should keep the frequency separations and tolerances given in table 2A. The minimum attenuation of the filter outside the 90 dB attenuation points should b... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.1.3.2 Oscillator and amplifier | The measurement of the reference frequencies and the setting of the local oscillator frequency should be within ±50 Hz. The mixer, oscillator and the amplifier should be designed in such a way that the measurement of the adjacent channel power of an unmodulated test signal source, whose noise has a negligible influence... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.1.3.3 Attenuation indicator | The attenuation indicator should have a minimum range of 80 dB and a resolution of 1 dB. |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.1.3.4 Level indicators | Two level indicators are required to cover the rms and the peak transient measurement. |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.1.3.4.1 Rms level indicator | The rms level indicator should indicate non-sinusoidal signals accurately within a ratio of 10:1 between peak value and rms value. |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.1.3.4.2 Peak level indicator | The peak level indicator should indicate accurately and store the peak power level. For the transient power measurement the indicator bandwidth should be greater than twice the channel separation. A storage oscilloscope or a spectrum analyser may be used as a peak level indicator. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) ... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.2 Test discriminator | The test discriminator consists of a mixer and local oscillator (auxiliary frequency) to convert the transmitter frequency to be measured into the frequency of a broadband limiter amplifier and of a broadband discriminator with the following characteristics: • The discriminator should be sensitive and accurate enough t... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.3 Test sites | There are four test sites which may be used for determining absolute values during radiated tests. These are the Anechoic Chamber, an Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane, an Open Area Test Site and a Stripline. These test sites are generally referred to as free field test sites. An additional type of test site is the ... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.3.1 Description of an Anechoic Chamber | An Anechoic Chamber is an enclosure, usually shielded, whose internal walls, floor and ceiling are covered with radio absorbing material, normally of the pyramidal urethane foam type. The chamber usually contains an antenna support at one end and a turntable at the other. A typical Anechoic Chamber is shown in figure 3... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.3.2 Description of an Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane | An Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane is an enclosure, usually shielded, whose internal walls and ceiling are covered with radio absorbing material, normally of the pyramidal urethane foam type. The floor, which is metallic, is not covered and forms the ground plane. The chamber usually contains an antenna mast at on... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.3.3 Description of an Open Area Test Site | An Open Area Test Site comprises a turntable at one end and an antenna mast of variable height at the other set above a ground plane which, in the ideal case, is perfectly conducting and of infinite extent. In practice, whilst good conductivity can be achieved, the ground plane size has to be limited. A typical Open Ar... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.3.4 Description of Striplines | A Stripline is essentially a transmission line in the same sense as a coaxial cable. It sets up an electromagnetic field between the plates in a similar way that a coaxial cable sets up fields between inner and outer conductors. In both cases, the basic mode of propagation is in the form of a transverse electromagnetic... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.3.5 Discussion of a Test Fixture | A Test Fixture is, in most cases, individually constructed for testing a specific equipment type. It consists of a 50 ΩRF connector and a device for electromagnetically coupling to the EUT. It should also incorporate a means for repeatable positioning of the EUT. Figure 8 illustrates a typical Test Fixture. Low dielect... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.3.5.1 Performance limitations | The coupling mechanism between the EUT and the Test Fixture is extremely complex since the two are placed physically and electrically very close together. This complexity makes any attempt at theoretically modelling a Test Fixture's performance not only very difficult but also time consuming and costly. In practise, th... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.4 Salty columns/artificial human beings | There are several forms of artificial human beings currently used in radiated testing. The three most commonly used types are the Saltwater column, the Salty man and Salty-lite. The Saltwater column has historically been used not only for testing body-worn devices e.g. paging receivers, but also for tests on maritime a... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.4.1 Saltwater column | A Saltwater column comprises a plastic cylinder of side wall thickness 0,005 m, overall height 1,5 m and of inside diameter typically 0,01 m filled with a saline solution whose concentration of salt (NaCl) is 9,0 g per litre of distilled water (see figure 10). The Saltwater column has been used with the EUT either fixe... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.4.2 Salty man | A "Salty man", illustrated in figure 11a), comprises a cast acrylic cylinder of 0,305 m outside diameter with acrylic caps at both ends. It is 1,7 m in length with side wall thickness of 4,8 mm and the whole is filled with a saline solution whose concentration is 1,49 g of salt per litre of distilled water. Figure 11a ... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.4.3 Salty-lite | "Salty-lite" is shown in figure 11b) and is a much lighter version of the Salty man (approximately 61,5 kg against 125 kg) which therefore makes it easier to handle and transport. Salty-lite comprises two concentric cast acrylic cylinders, the outer one having an outside diameter of 0,305 m whilst the inner cylinder ha... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.4.4 Test conditions | The provision of realistic test conditions for Salty man/Salty-lite is extremely difficult. In everyday use of a body-worn equipment, a human being will operate the equipment over a variety of ground types, none of which influences performance in the same way as those provided during testing in either an Anechoic Chamb... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.5 Test antenna | A test antenna is always used in radiated test methods. In emission tests (i.e. frequency error, effective radiated power, spurious emissions and adjacent channel power) the test antenna is used to detect the field from the EUT in one stage of the measurement and from the substitution antenna in the other stage. When t... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.6 Substitution antenna | The substitution antenna is used to replace the EUT for tests in which a transmitting parameter (i.e. frequency error, effective radiated power, spurious emissions and adjacent channel power) is being measured. For measurements in the frequency band 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz, the substitution antenna should be a dipole anten... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.7 Measuring antenna | The measuring antenna is used in tests on an EUT in which a receiving parameter (i.e. sensitivity and various immunity tests) is being measured. Its purpose is to enable a measurement of the electric filed strength in the vicinity of the EUT. For measurements in the frequency band 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz, the measuring ant... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.8 Transmitting antenna | The transmitting antenna is only used in verification procedures on free field test sites. For measurements in the frequency band 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz, the transmitting antenna should be a dipole antenna (constructed in accordance with ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11]). For frequencies of 80 MHz and above, the dipoles should have... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.9 Receiving antenna | The receiving antenna is only used in verification procedures on free field test sites. For measurements in the frequency band 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz, the receiving antenna should be a dipole antenna (constructed in accordance with ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11]). For frequencies of 80 MHz and above, the dipoles should have their... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.10 Acoustic coupler | |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.10.1 General | When radiated measurements are performed on a receiving EUT, the audio output voltage should be transmitted from the receiver to the measuring equipment, with minimal perturbation to the field near the receiver. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 32 For EUTs fitted with an "audio out" socket, this perturbation can b... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.10.2 Description | The acoustic coupler comprises a plastic funnel, an acoustic pipe and a microphone with a suitable amplifier. The materials used to fabricate the funnel and pipe should be of low conductivity and of low relative dielectric constant (i.e. less than 1,5). - The acoustic pipe should be long enough to reach from the EUT to... |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197 | 100 027 | 4.10.3 Calibration | The aim of the calibration of the acoustic coupler is to determine the acoustic SINAD ratio which is equivalent to the SINAD ratio at the receiver output. Signal generator Receiver under test Test Fixture Acoustic pipe Microphone Amplifier and filter SINAD meter 1 2 Figure 14: Measuring arrangement for calibration |
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