hash stringlengths 32 32 | doc_id stringlengths 7 13 | section stringlengths 3 121 | content stringlengths 0 2.2M |
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fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.1 Introduction | Resource management plays a pivotal role in ensuring efficient operation and Quality of Service (QoS) in communication systems. The FL is particularly well-suited for this task, as it can integrate the capabilities of lower layers with the dynamic functional requirements of message services. As highlighted in the Multi... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.2 Analogy with wired networks | Resource management in vehicular networks shares conceptual similarities with wired networks, particularly in the context of resource reservation and QoS. In wired networks, clients request resources for specific flows, defining the flow parameters and QoS requirements. The network evaluates these requests and accepts ... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.3 Resource management architecture and its mechanisms | |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.3.1 Overview | This clause describes mechanisms for resource management that can be part of the RM functionality, in particular mechanisms that can be used in Bandwidth Management Component (BMC) and Message Handling Component (MHC), as defined in the MCO architecture. For the RM, the BMC can include functionalities such as admission... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.3.2 Admission control techniques | Peak Resource-Based Admission Control: Limits resource allocation based on the peak resource demands of a message service. It avoids allocating resources that might exceed network capacity during peak usage periods. A practical example is restricting the activation of multiple message service with a high peak message g... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.3.3 Dynamic bandwidth management techniques | Proportional Fairness: Balances resource distribution equitably among applications and message services by ensuring that each of them receives a fair share relative to its needs, promoting overall network efficiency. Message priorities play a critical role in this mechanism. Messages are grouped by their priority level... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.3.4 Traffic shaping policies | Token Bucket Algorithm: Controls the flow of traffic by allowing bursts within a limit, regulated by token generation rates. The algorithm internally uses tokens, which are generated at a constant rate, to authorize the sending of packets. Each packet consumes a token, and traffic exceeding the token rate is delayed un... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.3.5 Traffic policing policies | Unlike traffic shaping, which smooths traffic over time by buffering excess data, traffic policing focuses on immediate compliance by dropping or marking traffic that exceeds the defined limits. This ensures that the system adheres strictly to resource policies without introducing delays caused by buffering. Traffic po... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.4 Resource Management operation | The operation of RM is closely linked to the behaviour of lower layers, since it relies on channel load measurements to assess dissemination possibilities. As these measurements take time and are updated frequently to ensure stable resource management, the timing of RM should be aligned with the optimal channel load me... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.5 Resource Management approach | |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.5.0 Overview | While RM can become highly complex when all functionalities are implemented in detail, a basic yet effective approach is achievable by focusing on essential requirements. The key idea is to implement a simple RM mechanism that still fulfils necessary operational and regulatory needs without the introduction of too much... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.5.1 RM design and implementation | The proposed RM implements a Bandwidth Management mechanism, and assumes that Admission Control simply admits all the message services implemented in the ITS-S. The Bandwidth Management mechanism operates periodically. The process is triggered when a new CBR measurement is received from the lower layers, and is as foll... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.5.2 Simulation scenario and settings | The scenario considered is a static 1-hop scenario with 60 vehicles. Three different generic message services are considered following 3GPP guidelines: • Message service 1 corresponds to a low-load periodic traffic model. Packets are generated every 100 ms, following a predefined pattern of packet sizes: {300 bytes, 19... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.5.3 Results | |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.5.3.0 Overview | This study starts with the analysis of the time evolution of the requirements of each message service (Figure 20(a)) and each vehicle type (Figure 20(b)). The requirements are computed by each vehicle per message service based on the last second and normalized by the default data rate. The measurements of required reso... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.5.3.1 Adaptive DCC | This clause presents the results obtained considering the default configuration of Adaptive DCC for the computation of available resources at the station. Figure 21 illustrates the time evolution of the CBR measured by the vehicles in the considered scenario. The figure differentiates the median, as well as the 5th, 25... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.5.3.2 Adaptive DCC with dynamic beta | In order to overcome the limitations observed in the previous clause, where all vehicles were assigned the same number of resources regardless of their actual demands, an adaptive beta mechanism is described and evaluated in this clause. This approach is based on the weighted LIMERIC scheme [i.30], that ensures that ve... |
fbcda0cf1f08aabcdc0778bd9c7a2a39 | 104 073 | 7.5.4 Conclusion Resource Management approach | The results demonstrate that an RM approach running at the FL based on Adaptive DCC converges properly and provides stable operation, as also shown in clause 5 and Annex C. However, when applied to scenarios with heterogeneous message services of equal priority, the approach exhibits clear limitations, since it does no... |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 1 Scope | The present document provides a mapping between the Consumer Mobile Device Protection Profile (CMDPP) in the ETSI TS 103 732 series ([i.2], [i.3], [i.4], [i.5], [i.6] and [i.7]) security requirements and the essential cybersecurity requirements from the Annexes of the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) [i.1]. The present docum... |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 2 References | |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 2.1 Normative references | Normative references are not applicable in the present document. |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i... |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations | |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 3.1 Terms | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply: embedded UICC: UICC which is not easily accessible or replaceable, is not intended to be removed or replaced in the terminal, and enables the secure changing of subscriptions preloaded application: application provided by the TOE manufacturer as part ... |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 3.2 Symbols | Void. |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ADP Application Distribution Platform CC Common Criteria CEM Common Evaluation Methodology CMD Consumer Mobile Device CMDPP Consumer Mobile Device Protection Profile CRA Cyber Resilience Act DoS Denial of Service ETSI ETSI TR 104 071 V1.1.1 (2... |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 4 Methodology | The present document compares each CRA essential cybersecurity requirements with the SARs and SFRs of the CMDPP documents ([i.2], [i.3], [i.4], [i.5], [i.6] and [i.7]). Two other dimensions are considered in the comparison: the SARs and SFRs defined in the Common Criteria version 2022 ([i.10], [i.11], [i.12], [i.13], [... |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 5 Scope of the assessment | The CMDPP TOE is a subset of the Consumer Mobile Device (CMD) seen as product with digital elements in the context of the CRA [i.1]. Although the CMDPP TOE includes hardware, the Operating System and the preloaded apps (see clause 4.1 of ETSI TS 103 732-1 [i.2]), the radio interface of the CMD including its security fu... |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 8 Remote data processing | The remote data processing service is defined in the Cyber Resilience Act [i.1] as a data processing at a distance for which the software is designed and developed by the manufacturer, or under the responsibility of the manufacturer, and the absence of which would prevent the product with digital elements from performi... |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 9 Gap analysis | |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 9.1 Product scope and TOE | The parts that are today out of the scope of the CMDPP have to be handled to cover the entire Consumer Mobile Device products in light of the CRA conformity. In particular the two aspects to cover are: • eUICC: the eUICC is part of the CMD and the CMD manufacturer has to grant its conformity. This can be achieved reusi... |
0d62cae81ffc0606506b6bb7d993a1b1 | 104 071 | 9.3 Security Assurance Requirements | The main gap identifies in the SAR section is related to the CRA ECR Annex I Part II article 1 related to the SBOM requirement. This gap can be filled with an extended SAR or with a combination of existing SAR in CC2022. ETSI ETSI TR 104 071 V1.1.1 (2025-07) 19 9.4 Remote Data Processing Accordingly, with the analysis ... |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 1 Scope | The purpose of the present document is to identify technical terms used within Rail Telecommunications (RT) Technical Specifications for the purpose of: - Ensuring that editors use terminology that is consistent across specifications. - Providing a reader with convenient reference for technical terms that are used acro... |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 2 References | |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 2.1 Normative references | Normative references are not applicable in the present document. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. In the case of a reference t... |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations | |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 3.1 Terms | Void. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 3.2 Symbols | Void. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 3.3 Abbreviations | 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project EU European Union FFFIS Form Fit Functional Interface Specification FIS Functional Interface Specification FRMCS Future Railway Mobile Communication System FSCP FRMCS Service Control Plane FSUP FRMCS Service User Plane H2N Host-to-Network RMR Railway Mobile Radio UIC Union Intern... |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4 Basic FRMCS definitions | |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.1 0-9 | 5G Core: a mandatory component of the FRMCS domain in the Transport Stratum. 5G Core system architecture and functions are defined in 3GPP, specifying how mobile core network should evolve to support the needs of 5G New Radio (NR A component in the Transport Stratum. 5G Core system architecture and functions are define... |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.2 A | domain of applicability: FRMCS domain(s) from which a "non-interoperable application" (i.e. of application type II or IV) is able to operate. NOTE: In other FRMCS domains which are not part of the application domain of applicability, service attempts by the application are expected to fail. application function: the FR... |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.3 B | base station: equipment responsible for radio transmission and reception. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.4 C | communication services: services enabling two-way communication between two or more authorised service users (i.e. applications) from applications towards other applications/entities reachable through various networks. NOTE: Term derived from UIC FRMCS SRS [i.1]. complementary services: services providing support to co... |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.5 D | domain: the highest-level group of functional entities. Reference points are defined between domains. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.6 E | Void. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.7 F | foreign FRMCS domain: FRMCS domain which is not the Home FRMCS domain for a given train. FRMCS domain: administrative domain which comprises a service domain and a transport domain under the control of an FRMCS operator. NOTE: Term derived from UIC FRMCS SRS [i.1]. FRMCS operator: railway infrastructure manager, or an ... |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.17 P | proxy: person or entity that is acting or being used in the place of someone or something else. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.18 Q | Void. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.19 R | railway application stratum: railway-specific functionalities using services offered by the service stratum reference point: conceptual point applicable for interaction between functional services that enables authorized functions, e.g. in the network, to access their services. reference point: a conceptual point at th... |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.20 S | service domain: implementation of the Service Stratum belonging to a unique organization and is operated by a unique organization. service stratum: set of functions to enable communication services, complementary services and operations and maintenance services for the FRMCS system. startup application: application for... |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.21 T | tight-coupled application: application which interacts with the FRMCS System through the On-Board FRMCS via OBAPP or through the FRMCS Trackside Gateway via TSAPP after a successful local binding and directly uses standard reference points of the service domain. tight-coupled mode: operating mode used by a tight-couple... |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.22 U | user equipment: communication unit providing the physical and logical functions necessary to access the FRMCS network. It includes the radio interface, processing elements, and interfaces to train systems, enabling railway-specific communication services. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.23 V | Void. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.24 W | Void. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.25 X | Void. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.26 Y | Void. |
2feca01c1cd3ce8a61f96d1e5a9f34d9 | 103 791 | 4.27 Z | Void. ETSI ETSI TR 103 791 V1.1.1 (2025-06) 11 History Document history V1.1.1 June 2025 Publication |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 1 Scope | The present document describes applications for SRDs in the 76 - 77 GHz which may require a change in the present regulatory framework for the proposed band. It includes in particular: • Market information; • Technical information regarding equipment type and typical installation; • Regulatory issues. For the applicati... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 2 References | |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 2.1 Normative references | Normative references are not applicable in the present document. |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations | |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 3.1 Terms | Void. |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 3.2 Symbols | Void. |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CP Critical Part e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropic radiated power FFT Fast Fourier Transform FIR Fixed Infrastructure Radar FMCW Frequency Modulated Carrier Wave FOD Foreign Object Debris FoF Friend or Foe FoV Field of View ETSI ETSI TR 104 052 V1... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 4 Comments on the System Reference Document | No ETSI member raised any comments. |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5 Presentation of the system or technology | |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.1 General overview | The band 76 - 77 GHz is already used by many applications including ground-based vehicle and TTT infrastructure systems (ERC/REC 70-03 [i.3] Annex 5), obstruction/vehicle detection via radar sensor at railway level crossings (ERC/REC 70-03 [i.3] Annex 4), obstacle detection radars for rotorcraft use (ERC/REC 70-03 [i.3... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.2 Fixed Security and Safety Applications (FSSA) | 5.2.1 System description The scanning radar systems provide an Automatic Incident Detection solution for a range of safety/security applications for strategic or sensitive sites. These can include but are not limited to airfields, power stations, data centres, mines, and other critical national infrastructure. By conti... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.2.2 Site and perimeter protection | |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.2.2.1 Radar for site security and safety applications | Fixed infrastructure radar can be used to detect and track vehicles or people in and around critical national infrastructure and other important sites. This would include but not be limited to airports, power stations, refineries, ports/harbours or data centres. The threat is not limited to possible terrorist activity.... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.2.2.2 Perimeter Intrusion Detection System (PIDS) | The specific application is to detect breaches of the site perimeter. This could be deployed at airports, critical National Infrastructure sites as well as some civilian installations such as car storage facilities, data centres and private energy sites where a threat would typically originate from outside of the site ... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.2.2.3 Wide Area Monitoring including Wildlife Detection | In the general security installations, the system objective is for wide area monitoring for detection and alerting to unusual movement of vehicles, people and wildlife within a site. A typical installation in an airport may see one or more scanning radars installed such that the radar FoV would cover the open area betw... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.2.2.4 Border Protection | Monitoring of border areas over long distances is becoming particularly important with increasing migration levels. Early detection and monitoring positions of objects post-breach can enable the relevant response personnel to respond in the most appropriate and timely manner. 5.2.2.5 Port and Harbour Protection Perimet... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.2.3 Airport - airside protection | |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.2.3.1 Runway Surface Movement | RSM monitoring is primarily a safety application used to aid control tower monitoring of aircraft and GSV in and around the runway and taxiways at major airports where line of sight can be restricted by poor whether such as fog and rain. This is a safety application aimed at reducing the chance of collisions. Typical i... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.2.3.2 Critical Part Line Monitoring | Monitoring the CP line in airports is a complex task due to the constant movement and strict security requirements. Managing the operational flow and preventing potential security threats poses significant challenges for airport authorities. Airports create a virtual line where physical barriers are not possible and ar... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.2.3.3 FOD Detection | In this scenario a scanning radar would be used to automatically identify unwanted objects (FOD) on runways. At most airports this is a manual task completed by human observers inspecting the runway at set intervals. An automatic FOD detection system reduces the requirement for manual inspections and reduces the manage... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.2.4 Ports & Maritime | 5.2.4.1 Situational awareness Perimeter and site security is discussed in clause 5.2.2.5 above. Monitoring of movement within a port or harbour is also vital. ETSI ETSI TR 104 052 V1.1.1 (2025-06) 12 Because it is difficult to place infrastructure in the water and because of the need to operate in all weather and sea c... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.2.5 Scanning antennas | With a very narrow beam antenna, a long-standing method of monitoring a wide FoV is to mechanically rotate (scan) the antenna assembly in azimuth. This has the effect, for a receiver in the FoV, of simulating a very low duty cycle with a repetition frequency dependent upon the scan rate. A narrow beam can also be scann... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.3 Uncrewed aircraft systems | There is a precedent for Obstacle Detection Radar in the 76 - 77 GHz band, for use upon manned rotorcraft, following ERC/REC 70-03 [i.3] and ECC/DEC/(16)01 [i.14]. Extending such usage to uncrewed aircraft, e.g. drones, could be seen as a subject for the present document. ETSI members, however, have agreed to produce a... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 5.4 Millimetre Wave Security Scanners | The proponents of the present document are aware of previous and current work in CEPT and ETSI on Security Scanners (SScs), including: • ETSI TR 103 664 [i.10]. • ECC Report 344 [i.11]. • ETSI is also developing a draft harmonised standard for security screening applications. This clause explains the differences betwee... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 6 Market information in the EU | 6.1 FSSA Market Size and Value 6.1.1 General The European security radar market is expected to reach USD 2,4 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 7,8 % during the forecast period (2023-2027). Government security spending and increasing concerns about border security, critical infrastructure protection, perimeter intru... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 6.1.2 Traffic and Equipment Density Forecasts | The deployment of security radar systems in the EU is expected to increase significantly in the coming years. EU initiatives like the Smart Borders Package and the European Investment Plan are driving investments in security technologies. The number of critical infrastructure sites requiring advanced security solutions... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7 Technical information | |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1 FSSA technical description | |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1.1 Technical parameters and implications on spectrum | The radar systems described in the present document use a continuous transmission with frequency modulation. The systems are compliant with the technical parameters of ETSI EN 301 091-2 [i.6]. The following tables list typical parameters for a range of scanning fixed infrastructure radars for safety and security applic... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1.2 Status of technical parameters | |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1.2.1 Current ITU and European Common Allocations | |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1.2.2 Sharing and compatibility studies (if any) already available | In 2017 ECC report 262 [i.2] was published following a co-existence study conducted with SE24. The study related to surveillance radar equipment operating in the 76 - 77 GHz range for fixed transport infrastructure. The fixed radars considered in this study have a mounting location of approximately 5 m above the road s... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1.2.3 Sharing and compatibility issues still to be considered | ECC Report 262 [i.2] examined the use of FIR mounted at the roadside and used for TTT applications. One obvious consideration for FIR used for FSSA is whether there would be an increase in illumination directed at the road. The following points are noted: 1) TTT installations can be 1 m from the roadside. FSSA would no... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1.3 Transmitter parameters | |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1.3.1 Transmitter Output Power / Radiated Power | As noted in clause 7.1.1 above, the RF power generated in the transmitter is of the order of 10 mW. Further details of how this relates to radiated power are given below. |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1.3.2 Scanning antennas | Three cases of equipment with scanning antennas are presented in clause 7.1.1. When active, these typically operate at close to 100 % duty cycle. ETSI ETSI TR 104 052 V1.1.1 (2025-06) 19 Peak radiated power is typically in the range of +42 dBm to +51 dBm on the antenna boresight. Mean radiated power is in the range of ... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1.3.3 Fixed antennas | The fourth example considered has a fixed antenna of gain approx. 20 dBi. Together with current transmitter technology, a peak e.i.r.p. in the range of 37 - 40 dBm can be achieved. For such a radar, the mean e.i.r.p. is based on the signal duty cycle which is in the range of up to 50 %. The fifth example is almost iden... |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1.3.4 Operating Frequency | The current operating frequency is in the band 76 - 77 GHz. |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1.3.5 Bandwidth | The overall bandwidth is defined by the FM sweep pattern. This is typically in the range of 700 - 940 MHz. ETSI ETSI TR 104 052 V1.1.1 (2025-06) 20 |
c61edf069c94e8cd635d6dbdeb17b902 | 104 052 | 7.1.3.6 Unwanted emissions | Unwanted emissions are within the limits specified by ETSI EN 301 091-2 [i.6] which is aligned with ERC/REC 74-01 [i.15]. |
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