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ffbbbfdfe6e88a68e67fef74a43d22c2 | 103 754 | 6.4.2 Setup | Figure 14: Test Environment for Band Steering In Figure 14, Leaf_1 is First stage node, Leaf_2 is Second stage node. Root node, Leaf_1 node and Leaf_2 node are deployed in shielding box 3, the test controller and the traffic generator/analyser can be placed outside the shielding boxes. Four 2,4 GHz single-band terminal... |
ffbbbfdfe6e88a68e67fef74a43d22c2 | 103 754 | 6.4.3 DUT Configuration | The test shall run under the following configuration. Table 28: Test configuration for Band Steering function (AP) Wireless configuration (Root node) Wireless configuration (Leaf_1 node) Wireless configuration (Leaf_2 node) Bandwidth (MHz) IEEE 802.11ax [i.2] (2,4 GHz, Nss = 2) IEEE 802.11ax [i.2] (2,4 GHz, Nss = 2) IE... |
ffbbbfdfe6e88a68e67fef74a43d22c2 | 103 754 | 6.4.4 Procedures | 1) Band steering for Root node, Leaf_1 node and Leaf_2 node respectively, namely, dual-band terminals are preferentially accessed to 5 GHz band. 2) Four 2,4 GHz single-band terminals STA1~ STA4, and four 2,4 GHz/5 GHz dual-band terminals STA5~ STA8 are connected to Root node respectively. 3) Four 2,4 GHz single-band te... |
ffbbbfdfe6e88a68e67fef74a43d22c2 | 103 754 | 6.4.5 Metrics | Record the frequency band associated with the STA and check the corresponding band column in Table 24. ETSI ETSI TS 103 754 V1.1.1 (2022-06) 29 Table 30: Test results of two-stage networking Band Steering function STA Band 2,4 GHz 5 GHz STA1 STA2 STA3 STA4 STA5 STA6 STA7 STA8 STA9 STA10 STA11 STA12 STA13 STA14 STA15 ST... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 1 Scope | The present document specifies broadcast signalling for DVB Dynamic Advertisement Substitution. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 2 References | |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 2.1 Normative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations | |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 3.1 Terms | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply: 1X Data Rate Video Watermark: As defined in ATSC A/335 [10]. 2X Data Rate Video Watermark: As defined in ATSC A/335 [10]. advert: See advertisement. advertisement: audio-visual presentation aimed at communicating the benefits of a product or brand NOT... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 3.2 Symbols | Void. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: A/V Audio Video API Application Programming Interface ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange CAS Conditional Access System CEC Consumer Electronics Control DA Distributor Advertisement DAS Dynamic Advertisement Substitution D... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 4 Overview | |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 4.1 Introduction | Linear broadcast television has been established over many years as a reliable marketing channel for delivering brand awareness to a mass audience. Mass market penetration of internet connected TVs presents the opportunity for broadcast TV to support features commonly available in digital advertising. In response to th... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 4.2 Optionality of signalling methodologies | The present document specifies several different methods for signalling placement opportunities for content substitution. While none of the methods individually are mandatory, content substitution deployments shall implement at least one of these methods in order to be considered DVB-TA compliant. It is anticipated tha... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5 Contribution signalling | |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.1 Introduction | The contribution signalling described in this clause is relevant to the interface between Broadcaster and Network/Platform Operator shown in Figure 1. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.2 Use of SCTE 104 | SCTE 104 [2] specifies an API between an automation system and an encoder that allows the encoder to generate a SCTE 35 message. SCTE 104 is closely linked to SCTE 35 [1]. SCTE 104 messages specify a point in time with a "baseband timing" reference. When SCTE 104 data is translated into SCTE 35 messages, most of the me... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3 Use of SCTE 35 with PTS | |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.1 Overview | Signalling for placement opportunities shall use one of the two following methods: • Method A: Sending SCTE time_signal() structures combined with Placement Opportunity segmentation_descriptors to signal the Start/End boundaries of the PO as well as its duration. To support partial replacement of a PO, the boundaries a... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.2 Additional segmentation information | For both methods A and B described in clause 5.3.1, additional segmentation information may be signalled, describing content boundaries and associated context data. If signalled, this information shall be sent via the time_signal() structure enriched with appropriate segmentation_descriptors. The most important example... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.3 Partial replacement of a PO | |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.3.1 Signalling for partial replacement of a PO | Signalling a PO (either via method A or B) is sufficient to support the basic scenario where all the content in the PO is to be replaced. For more advanced scenarios (e.g. replacement of consecutive versus non-consecutive ads) partial replacement is needed, i.e. it is needed to replace only some of the individually rep... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.3.2 Partial Replacement of a PO using time_signal() structures | To support partial replacement scenarios using time_signal() structures, it is necessary to signal the start/end boundaries of the individually replaceable segments within the PO. For the case of ad replacement, this shall be done by sending Advertisement Start/End segmentation_descriptors in a time_signal() structure.... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.3.3 Partial Replacement of a PO using splice_insert() structures | To support partial replacement scenarios using splice_insert() structures, starts and durations of the individually replaceable segments within the PO are also signalled using splice_insert() structures. For the example situation in Figure 2, to enable replacement of the entire PO or individual replacement of the two c... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.4 SCTE 35 section structure | |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.4.1 Section encryption | SCTE 35 sections may be encrypted (encrypted_packet = 1) or unencrypted (encrypted_packet = 0). If encrypted, the encryption algorithm is specified in SCTE 35 [1], Table 27. A decryption key, if needed, is delivered via the associated DAS application, and so is out of scope of the present document. If the service is pr... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.4.2 Maximum section length | SCTE 35 [1] constrains SCTE 35 sections to start at the beginning of the payload of an MPEG TS packet. SCTE 35 sections for DVB DAS may be up to 4 096 bytes long, as specified in SCTE 35, and so can span multiple TS packets. The maximum length is reduced if the section is subsequently encapsulated in DSM-CC stream even... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.4.3 PTS adjustment field | The pts_adjustment field may be used in SCTE 35 message generation and re-multiplexing equipment. The value of this field shall be added to the times specified in pts_time fields to give the correct time reference. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5 SCTE 35 segmentation_descriptor() and splice_insert() contents | |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.1 Introduction | The following constraints apply for the two methods for signalling advertisement (or content) replacement opportunities. Where appropriate, the differing field names for the same function are given. The segmentation_descriptor may be of any of the following types: DPO, PPO, distributor advertisement, provider advertise... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.2 Segmentation_event_id or splice_event_id | These fields provide an identifier for the signalled point in time which can be used by the DAS application. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.3 Segmentation_event_cancel_indicator or splice_event_cancel_indicator | These fields shall be set to '0', i.e. cancellation of events is not permitted for DVB DAS. 5.3.5.4 DPO or PPO start and end segmentation messages or out_of_network_indicator Using the DPO or PPO segmentation_descriptor, both start and end messages should be signalled in accordance with SCTE 35 [1]. For the DAS functio... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.5 Segmentation_duration_flag or duration_flag | These flags shall be set to '1' indicating that the duration is specified (not applicable to End segmentation messages). |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.6 Splice_immediate_flag (splice_insert() only) | The flag shall be set to '0' indicating that the splice immediate mode is not permitted for DVB DAS. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.7 Time_specified_flag | The flag in the splice_time() structure shall be set to '1', indicating that the time is always specified for DVB DAS. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.8 pts_time | The pts_time in the splice_time() structure shall contain a PTS value to provide frame accurate information on the boundary between the segments/opportunities that are being signalled. This boundary is located immediately prior to the presentation unit whose presentation time most closely matches the signalled PTS valu... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.9 Auto_return (splice_insert() only) | The field shall be set to '1' indicating that a splice_insert() command with out_of_network_indicator set to '0' is not required at the end of the placement opportunity. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.10 Segmentation_upid_type (segmentation_descriptor() only) | To ensure interoperability of the Placement Opportunity signalling with downstream consumers such as DVB DAS applications, the segmentation_upid_type shall be set to '0x0F' indicating that the segmentation_upid() contains a Universal Resource Identifier (see IETF RFC 3986 [3]). |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.11 Unique_program_id or segmentation_upid() | These fields identify the specific instance of content such as a Programme or an Advertisement, or delineation of a collection of Segments such as a Break or a Placement. These fields can be used by the DAS application. The unique_program_id in the splice_insert() structure is a 16-bit field, whereas the segmentation_u... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.12 Sub_segment_num and sub_segments_expected for PPO/DPO | These fields can be used to convey the position of the placement opportunity and the number of placement opportunities expected within the break being described. These fields can be used by the DAS application. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.13 Segment_num and segments_expected for PA/DA | These fields can be used to convey the position of the advertisement and the number of advertisements expected within the break being described. These fields can be used by the DAS application. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.14 Avail_num and avails_expected for splice_insert | These fields can be used to convey the position of the placement opportunity and the number of placement opportunities expected within the break being described. These fields can be used by the DAS application. ETSI ETSI TS 103 752-1 V1.2.1 (2024-01) 17 |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.15 Segment_num and segments_expected for DPO/PPO | These fields can be used to convey the number of the break within a programme and the total number of breaks expected within the programme. These fields can be used by the DAS application. There is no equivalent for splice_insert() defined by SCTE 35. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 5.3.5.16 DVB DAS descriptor | For full equivalence between splice_insert() and segmentation_descriptor methods, a DVB descriptor is defined which can be optionally included within a splice_insert() command. See Table 1. Table 1: DVB DAS descriptor Syntax No. of Bits Mnemonic DVB_DAS_descriptor() { splice_descriptor_tag descriptor_length identifier ... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 6 Distribution signalling | |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 6.1 Introduction | The distribution signalling described in this clause is relevant to the interface between network/platform operator and the consumer receiver shown in Figure 1. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 6.2 Use of SCTE 35 with PTS | SCTE 35 messages with PTS as described and profiled in clause 5.3 of the present document for contribution may also be used directly for distribution. In this case, any distribution re-multiplexer passes through the SCTE 35 messages from the contribution feed. The signalling required by a specific platform might be a s... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 6.3 Use of DSM-CC stream events | |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 6.3.1 DSM-CC stream event payload format and carriage | The SCTE 35 message section may be carried either directly in a DSM-CC stream event, or in a DSM-CC object carousel file, referenced by the DSM-CC stream event. In the former method, the maximum SCTE 35 section length is limited to 180 bytes when referencing PTS, or 178 bytes if a TEMI timeline is used (maximum values ... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 6.3.2 Use of DSM-CC stream events with PTS | The timeline_type is set to '0x1' to indicate that the PTS in the SCTE 35 message references the video PTS for the service. The SCTE 35 message conforms to clause 5.3. Some processing operations, e.g. video transcoding, in the Network/Platform Operator's network could involve modification of PTS values. After such oper... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 6.3.3 Use of DSM-CC stream events with TEMI | The timeline_type is set to '0x2' to indicate that the PTS in the SCTE 35 message references a TEMI timeline associated with the service. NOTE 1: For comparison between TEMI timeline and pts_field value, the time on the timeline is first converted to a 90 kHz value, and then the 33 LSBs of the result are compared with ... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 6.4 Timing of Signalling | The DVB-TA signalling shall allow the pre-announcement of placement opportunities sufficiently far in advance to allow the decision to be made about what ad to insert and for DAS to be performed. The DAS application can obtain advance knowledge of the approximate time for a placement opportunity by on-line communicatio... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 7.1 Converting from SCTE 35 with PTS to SCTE 35 with PTS | No conversion is necessary in this case, as the same format is used in both contribution and distribution. If and when PTS values are modified by distribution network processing, the pts_adjustment field shall be set or modified as described in clause 6.2. 7.2 Converting from SCTE 35 with PTS to DSM-CC stream events wi... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 7.4 Converting from SCTE 104 to SCTE 35 with PTS | SCTE 104 provides a standard interface for controlling SCTE 35 message generation, as described in clause 5.2. If the contribution feed is provided in an uncompressed form, then it should be accompanied by SCTE 104 signalling so that the content encoding and SCTE 35 message generation can both be performed by the distr... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 8 Watermark signalling | |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 8.1 Introduction | Watermarking provides an optional alternative method for delivery of DVB-TA signalling from Broadcasters to Receivers. Watermarking is particularly applicable to use cases where a linear broadcast service is delivered to a television Receiver from a Set-Top Box (STB) via HDMI. Watermarking is relevant to both the inter... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 8.2 Broadcaster Interface | The SCTE 104 APIs that are used to interface automation systems with SCTE 35 encoders at the Broadcaster as discussed in clause 4 can also be employed to interface automation systems with watermark embedders that convey DVB-TA signalling. Two alternate arrangements for use of SCTE 104 with the use of watermarking for D... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 8.3 Messages | |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 8.3.1 Introduction | When watermark signalling is optionally employed, DVB-TA signalling messages are conveyed using watermark messages for transport. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 8.3.2 Standard Encoding Format | DVB-TA signalling may be transmitted via watermark messages using the SCTE 35 message profile specified in clause 5.3. |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 8.3.3 Compact SCTE 35 Encoding Format | Watermark technologies may provide reduced data carrying capacity in comparison with encoded bitstreams. To facilitate more efficient transmission of important SCTE 35 messages via watermark messages, an optional alternative compact encoding format for conveyance of certain SCTE 35 messages in accordance with the metho... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 8.4 Use of ATSC A/335 | 8.4.1 Use of ATSC A/335 in DVB Markets (informative) Clause 8.4 provides one possible watermarking solution for carrying signalling from the Broadcaster to the Receiver, other watermarking technologies are possible. ATSC A/335 [10] specifies a technology for delivery of broadcast signalling in video watermarks and is a... |
82e9547bf0360deb792fe164241f42da | 103 752-1 | 8.4.2 Usage Rules for ATSC A/335 Video Watermarks | To minimize the likelihood of viewers observing the video watermark broadcasters are advised to take perceptual quality into account when selecting and configuring A/335 video watermark embedding equipment and to use the watermark such that the visual impact is reduced as much as possible. To achieve this, the followin... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 1 Scope | The present document contains information on radar target simulators and their application for radar tests identified in ETSI EN 303 883-1 [i.1] and ETSI EN 303 883-2 [i.2]. The present document describes measurement setups and approaches for anechoic chambers both far-field and near field-to-far field transforming. |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 2 References | |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 2.1 Normative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations | |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 3.1 Terms | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply: radar echo generator (REG), radar target simulator (RTS): Are both descriptions for the same type of equipment that can generate synthetic radar echo returns for testing of an actively transmitting radar sensor. This test instruments are specifically ... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Attenuation within the RTS/REG [in dB] Speed of light [in m/s] the physical distance between RTS/REG frontend and EUT [in m] Centre frequency of the Local Oscillator of the RTS/REG [in Hz] Doppler frequency shift _ Antenna gain... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 5G Fifth-Generation AD Autonomous Driving ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ADC Analog Digital Converter AWG Arbitrary Waveform Generator CATR Compact Antenna Test Range CW Continuous Wave DAC Digital Analogue Converter DRFM Digital Radi... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 4 Overview | |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 4.1 Info | The present document provides practical information and guidance on RTS/REG for compliance tests of Short Range devices such as automotive radars. The applicability of the procedures described in the present document is not limited to EUT covered. |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5 Radar Target Simulator (Radar Echo Generators) | |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.1 Types | |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.1.1 General | There is a variety of Radar Target Simulator/Radar Echo Generator (RTS/REG) solutions available, that range from simple reflectors to complex digital test equipment. This clause describes several types of equipment. |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.1.2 Analog | Analog target simulators apply physical delay lines to delay the incoming electromagnetic wave from the radar and simulates an object in a certain range from the radar, formula (1). The simulated range is the sum of the speed of the electromagnetic wave in air/vacuum (speed of light ) multiplied by the time of f... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.1.3 Digital | Digital target simulators rely on digital signal processing. The target generator receives an electromagnetic wave from the radar and modifies it digitally to picture the desired scenario. Adding delay on the signal simulates a distance to an object, frequency shift simulates a Doppler shift indicating the velocity of ... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.1.4 Hybrid | Hybrid target generators combine analogue and digital target simulator architectures and reduce the disadvantages of each individual approach. Usually, the analogue technique is used to simulate short distances which is more complex when using a digital target simulator since the required signal processing time limits ... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.1.5 Frontends | For different test needs, different form factors of target simulators exist. Integrated RF architecture combines the RF frontend as well as signal processing hardware/delay lines in one chassis. A remote frontend has a separated RF frontend including mixers. Usually the connection to a base unit with delay line and con... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.1.6 Differences | The analogue target simulator offers the possibility to simulate short distances while a longer signal processing delay in the digital units results in a greater minimum range to an object. On the other hand, the digital target simulator often offers more flexibility to simulate complex scenarios with multiple targets.... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.2 Parameters | |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.2.1 General | There are many technical parameters of a RTS/REG that have to be defined before testing a radar sensor. This clause explains how to understand and interpret these parameters. |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.2.2 RCS | The relative size of an object detected by a radar sensor is defined as Radar Cross Section (RCS). Not only the RCS absolute value is important, but also the dynamic range of the RCS that can be simulated. As there can be targets in close range and far range with high and low RCS for example, the dynamic range is impor... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.2.3 Radial velocity | Depending on the type of the used RTS/REG the artificial objects can be applied with a radial velocity in different manners. In common for all RTS/REG types is, that the radial velocity is mimicked by a Doppler offset applied to the originally received signal originating from the radar sensor under test. In analogue RT... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.2.4 Minimum range | The minimum range of the RTS/REG is defined by the distance of the EUT to the test equipment and internal processing time of the RTS/REG as described by formula (1). The time for the electromagnetic wave to pass through the RTS/REG depends for example on the internal circuitry/fiber optics/IF cables or signal processin... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.2.5 Accuracy | The accuracy of the simulated targets relies on the performance of many internal components, the calibration and a proper setup. Velocity shift accuracy is dependent on the attached CW source, some RTS/REG also allow the usage of an external source. RCS accuracy depends for example on the accuracy of built in damping p... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.2.6 Unwanted objects and crosstalk | Unwanted objects due limited isolation within the RTS/REG can occur when the RTS/REG has a limited isolation between RX and TX. Especially RTS/REG which have a single/combined RX and TX antenna are affected. Typically, waveguide circulators are used to achieve this antenna configuration. Those circulators only provide ... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.2.7 Phase noise | Added phase noise to signal (depending on artificial object distance) can occur. With larger target distances (and therefore longer time passing between receive and transmit) the phase of the local oscillator decorrelates more compared to shorter delays. The target distance setting has therefore a tremendous impact in ... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.2.8 RF saturation | Similar to spectrum analysers where an optimal input level is desired, but even more important for RTS/REG, the radar signal power received through the RX port shall saturate the internal components like mixers and switches to operate the device at an optimal operation point. RF signals with very low power can cause th... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.2.9 Temperature effects | The temperature range of the RTS/REG is specified in its data sheet. Extreme temperatures/temperature changes can lead to a change of the behaviour of internal components or exceeding the calibration limits. Often RTS/REG have internal temperature calibration to compensate of such effects. |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 5.3 RTS/REG requirements - Parameter summary | The parameters that are proposed for ETSI testing are marked by *. All other parameters are recommendations for more complex radar sensor or ADAS function testing. ETSI ETSI TS 103 788 V1.1.1 (2022-09) 15 Table 2: Proposed parameter to be tested Parameter Application (Sensor Validation/ADAS Validation) Value/Statement ... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 6 Measurement Setups | |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 6.1 General Guidance | An anechoic chamber is mandatory for functional test of automotive radars using RTS/REG to provide a quiet RF environment, where the EUT only detects the objects being simulated and repetitive test results are possible. Accurate and repeatable RF measurements require the so called Fraunhofer distance, the far-field dis... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 6.2 Antennas | RTS/REG may support bi-static, mono-static or both antenna configurations. A bi-static configuration describes independent antennas for RX- and TX-paths providing higher TX/RX isolation particularly important to handle very high receive power levels. A monostatic configuration describes a single antenna with an integra... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 6.3 Anechoic Chamber Setup | |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 6.3.1 General | Generally, the same conditions as described in ETSI EN 303 883-1 [i.1], clause B.2 radiated measurements apply. High performance shielding effectiveness (> 60 dB typical) and high-quality absorbers eliminating unwanted reflections ('ghost targets') due to chamber multipaths or indispensable installed equipment will imp... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 6.3.2 Direct far-field setup | This method typically requires very large measurement distances compared to existing typical anechoic chamber sizes for functional test of automotive radars in combination with RTS/REG for the reasons explained in clause 6.1. Direct far-field setups typically have smaller quiet zones than compact antenna test range set... |
0f258184f7db742a7f34b0fc753170a2 | 103 788 | 6.3.3 Near-field/far-field transforming setup | Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR chambers), sometimes described as indirect far-field method provide real-time near-field/far-field transformation on hardware without the need to post-processing (post-processing is impractical for functional testing). Figure 8: Example of a CATR chamber A CATR system is a much smaller ... |
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