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5.3 Calculation
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5.3.1 General
The data to be hashed shall be the concatenation of the following in the order specified: 1) String encoding of Android package name provided in AndroidManifest.xml [i.2]. 2) Big endian 8-byte integer representing the version code provided in AndroidManifest.xml [i.3]. 3) The string "startManifestMain". 4) For each att...
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5.3.2 Shared UIDs
In Android APKs are allowed to share UIDs. Each APK shall be treated as an application as a whole and if two or more APK use the same shared UID, each of them will be considered an application in its own right. Each of those APKs shall be certified independently and each of them will have a unique application ID. ETSI ...
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5.3.3 ROM applications
Application identifiers of apps built-into the device firmware (aka ROM) may be extracted by the MirrorLink Server from the self-signed certificate instead of being dynamically generated at runtime. This may be necessary due to firmware optimizations, which change the structure of an APK thus making it difficult to mai...
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5.4 APK Validation
An APK which contains files outside of the 'META-INF' directory with no MANIFEST.MF entries will be rejected by the Android platform. If a file is present in the MANIFEST.MF but does not a have a *-Digest entry then this will also be rejected by the Android platform. This is because both of these are requirements for a...
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6 Application Information
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6.1 General
As described in clause 6.1 of the Handling of Application Certificates specification [1], an application should come with a MirrorLink developer self-signed certificate Application Certificate for the purposes of providing the information needed by the MirrorLink Server to list the application in the A_ARG_TYPE_AppList...
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6.2 Self-Signed Application Certificates
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6.2.1 General
The MirrorLink servers running on an Android platform shall allow for Self-Signed Application Certificates as described in clause 6.1 of [1]. ETSI ETSI TS 103 544-22 V1.3.1 (2019-10) 12
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6.2.2 Application Certificate Self-Signing Process
To create a MirrorLink aware application a Self-Signed X.509 Certificate shall be created. The certificate shall include the MirrorLink Extension Headers as described in clause 5.2.1 of [1]. The key used shall be a 2048-RSA key and the hashing shall be done using SHA-256 or SHA-512 signature algorithms. The self-signed...
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6.2.3 Self-Signed Application Certificate Installation
The Self-Signed Certificate shall be placed in a file called "self-signed.ccc.crt". The certificate file shall be placed in the assets folder of the APK containing the application. The MirrorLink server shall use the "self-signed.ccc.crt" file as the self-signed Application Certificate as described in clause 6.1 of [1]...
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6.3 Particulars of Android Application Certificates
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6.3.1 General
The following clauses 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 describe any items which are in the Application Certificates that need to be adapted to the Android OS.
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6.3.2 Platform version
The platform version in the certificates shall match the constants defined in Build.VERSION_CODES. So for example if an application is available for Ice Cream Sandwich devices, the constant value of Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH should be used, which is the integer 14. The string representation shall be decima...
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6.3.3 Icon URLs
The Icon URL field shall be left empty; therefore, the iconList element shall be omitted from the Application Certificate. The MirrorLink Server shall use the icon provided with the Activity which accepts the LAUNCH and TERMINATE MirrorLink-specific Intents (see clause 8.2.2) or the icon provided through the Actions mo...
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6.4 Localized strings for the entries in the application certificate
The application certificate provides various strings without any localization information. In order to support localized versions of the strings, the application will provide them as string resources as follows. Table 1 Certificate element Resource name Name "com.mirrorlink.app.certificate.name" providerName "com.mirro...
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7 Development Certificates
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7.1 General
Android MirrorLink Server devices will support the development of MirrorLink Applications. Clause 7 of the present document covers those aspects of the MirrorLink specification that address development of applications as described in the Handling of Application Development Certificates specification [3].
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7.2 Device ID
Device IDs are the IMEI/IMEISV number or version 5 UUID derived from an equivalent unique identifier of the MirrorLink Server devices on which development applications can be used. All Android MirrorLink Servers should use the IMEI (or MEID/ESB for CDMA devices) as provided by the TelephonyManager's getDeviceId method ...
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7.3 Application Development Certificates
The Android platform uses Application Development Certificates as described in clauses 5.1 and 7 of the Handling of Application Developer Certificates Document [3]. These certificates differ from the Self-Signed Application Certificate by the inclusion of an additional extension containing the Developer ID, which can b...
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7.4 Developer ID Entry
The Android MirrorLink server may provide a mechanism for the user of the device to enter one or more developer IDs into the server, as part of functionality available as part of the "developer mode" menu. (In Android 4.2, this can be reached by tapping on the Build Number entry 7 times in the About Phone screen.) The ...
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7.5 Manual Developer ID Certificate Revocation Checks
The Android MirrorLink server shall allow for the user of the phone to immediately request the Developer ID Certificate associated with the Developer ID. This capability should be provided as part of the "developer mode" menu as described above.
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8 MirrorLink API Implementation
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8.1 General
All MirrorLink Servers using the Android platform shall implement the MirrorLink API as described below.
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8.2 API Overview
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8.2.1 General
Before defining the actual API an overview of the mechanisms used in it should be considered: • The API is based on the "Android Interface Definition Language" (AIDL) and on the concept of content provider Contract classes. This should provide the necessary flexibility and extensibility of the API. Also, it means that ...
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8.2.2 Android MirrorLink Server Requirements
• MirrorLink Servers shall allow access to the MirrorLink Service for all applications that bind using the "com.mirrorlink.android.service.BIND" family of Intents, and that have the "com.mirrorlink.android.service.ACCESS_PERMISSION" permission. This permission should be user- grantable on the MirrorLink Server. If more...
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8.2.3 Application Requirements
For an application to be MirrorLink aware there need to be some requirements that shall be met: • The application shall listen to the "com.mirrorlink.android.app.LAUNCH" and "com.mirrorlink.android.app.TERMINATE" Intents. It shall use the "android.intent.category.DEFAULT" category to filter on these intents. There shal...
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8.3 MirrorLink API Library Definition
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8.3.1 Data Type Definitions
For the data types defined please refer to the API javadoc files [i.4]. The data types refer back to the relevant section in the MirrorLink API Template [2]. The MirrorLink API template defines quite a few data types (for example all the variants of integers). To keep it simpler for the Java platform the types used wil...
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8.3.2 Data Structure Definitions
For the data structures defined please refer to the API javadoc files [i.4]. The data types refer back to the relevant section in the MirrorLink API Template [2]. ETSI ETSI TS 103 544-22 V1.3.1 (2019-10) 18
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8.3.3 MirrorLink API Elements accessible from the Service
To access the MirrorLink API Android MirrorLink Service an application shall use the "com.mirrorlink.android.service.BIND" family of Intents. Once the "service bind" callback is received, the application will get a reference to an ICommonAPIService (Api Level 1) or IMirrorLinkService_2 (Api Level 2) object. From this t...
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8.3.4 MirrorLink API Elements accessible from the Content Provider
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8.3.4.1 General
The modules available through the Android MirrorLink Content Provider (together with the requirements for the Server and Application supporting them) are: Table 3 Module Content Path Mime Type Obligation CommonAPI /apilevel/ vnd.com.mirrorlink.android.provider.a pilevel Shall Connection Information /connection/ vnd.com...
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8.3.4.2 0xF0xx ' MirrorLink API Information mapping
Table 4 Resolver MirrorLink API Selection Query 0xF001 ' MirrorLink API Version None Query 0xF003 ' Server Device Identifier None Insert Not supported n/a Update Not supported n/a Delete Not supported n/a Notify Not supported n/a getType 0xF002 ' MirrorLink API Module Available n/a
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8.3.4.3 0x02xx ' Certification Information mapping
Table 5 Resolver MirrorLink API Selection Query 0x0206 ' Get Any Application Certification Status appId Query 0x0207 ' Get Any Application Certifying Entities appId query 0x0208 ' Get Any Application Certification Information appId, entity Insert Not supported n/a ETSI ETSI TS 103 544-22 V1.3.1 (2019-10) 20 Resolver Mi...
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8.3.4.4 0x03xx ' Connection Information mapping
Table 6 Resolver MirrorLink API Cursor Query 0x0301 ' Established MirrorLink Connection None Insert Not supported n/a Update Not supported n/a Delete Not supported n/a Notify 0x0302 ' Established MirrorLink Connection Callback n/a
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8.3.4.5 0x0Cxx ' Actions mapping
Table 7 Resolver Common API Selection Insert 0x0C01 ' Create Application Actions None Update 0x0C02 ' Update Application Actions actionId Query 0x0C03 ' Retrieve Application Actions appId actionType Delete 0x0C04 ' Delete Application Action actionId Notify 0x0C07 ' Application Actions Changed Callback None
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8.3.5 Modules dependencies
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8.3.5.1 General
This clause describes the dependencies that exist between each module and other part of the MirrorLink protocol, like the application certificate for example. Whenever possible, the documentation pertaining to each specific module will be provided in javadoc format together with the Android MirrorLink Service AIDL and ...
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8.3.5.2 General Android MirrorLink Service access
The Android MirrorLink Service is guarded by the "com.mirrorlink.android.service.ACCESS_PERMISSION". Additionally, a server may restrict access to the Android MirrorLink Service to applications sporting a valid certificate. ETSI ETSI TS 103 544-22 V1.3.1 (2019-10) 21
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8.3.5.3 General Android Content Provider Service access
The Android MirrorLink Content Provider is guarded by the "com.mirrorlink.android.provider. MIRRORLINK_PROVIDER_ACCESS_PERMISSION". Additionally, a server may restrict access to the Android MirrorLink Service to applications sporting a valid certificate.
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8.3.5.4 Actions Module write access
Only applications having the "com.mirrorlink.android.provider" pseudo service identifier listed in their certificate <serviceList> entry are allowed to publish actions to other MirrorLink aware applications. Only applications having the "com.mirrorlink.android.app.variant" pseudo service identifier listed in their cert...
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8.3.5.5 DataService Module Source Service Access
Only applications having the "{service-name}.source" pseudo service identifier listed in their certificate <serviceList> entry are allowed to contribute data to MirrorLink Data Services implemented as source by the MirrorLink server and consumed through a Sink by the MirrorLink client, for those services that it also l...
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8.3.5.6 Launch of Actions
On Android, and with the exception of variants, Actions shall be mapped to an Intent where the Intent action is the action type, the Intent package is the publishing application's package name and the Intent category is set to "com.mirrorlink.category.MIRRORLINK". Any Action Parameters shall be passed using the Intent ...
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8.3.5.7 MirrorLink Actions
Whenever possible MirrorLink actions defined in the MirrorLink API specification shall be matched to their natural Android counterpart. As Intents shall be used by MirrorLink Servers and Applications to invoke a MirrorLink Action and query the result of an Action invocation each MirrorLink Action Type shall be matched ...
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8.3.6 Context Information Lifetime
The context information provided by a MirrorLink aware application shall be persisted and used by the MirrorLink server for the lifetime of the application's connection to the Android MirrorLink Service, independent of the underlying status of the MirrorLink connection to a MirrorLink client.
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8.3.7 Return values outside of a MirrorLink session
A MirrorLink Server may return undefined implementation specific values outside of a MirrorLink session. ETSI ETSI TS 103 544-22 V1.3.1 (2019-10) 23
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9 MirrorLink Events
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9.1 General
As the MirrorLink Server shall use the Android OS standard mechanisms for key events and virtual keyboards, these modules are not exposed using the MirrorLink API Service or Content Provider. Instead, standard Android Event injections mechanism are used to translate between MirrorLink events and native Android events.
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9.2 Touch Events Injections
The touch events shall be injected into the Android system by the MirrorLink server and the application should receive them as appropriate. This allows for the system to decide which activity gets to handle the events.
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9.3 Key Events Injections
The key events shall be injected into the Android system by the MirrorLink server and the application should receive them as appropriate. This allows for the system to decide which activity gets to handle the events.
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9.4 Key Event Mapping
MirrorLink Key Events, injected into the MirrorLink Server Device are mapped in Table 9 to the following Android Specific Key Events. The MirrorLink Server shall re-map all the Key Events marked with YES to standard Android Key Events and no other ones outside this set (none of the entries in the rows marked with NO ma...
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9.5 Virtual Keyboard
The virtual keyboard will be supported by the MirrorLink Server through the standard Android OS. Therefore, the application will not need any specific means to retrieve information about the virtual keyboard support. ETSI ETSI TS 103 544-22 V1.3.1 (2019-10) 25
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10 Platform Limitations
10.1 CCC-TS-010-VNC Based Display and Control (ETSI TS 103 544-2)
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10.1.1 Server Event Configuration Message
As the Android Operation System does not support ITU key bindings, MirrorLink Servers on Android shall not advertise ITU key support in their Server Event Configuration message, in accordance to the mapping table defined in clause 7.
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10.1.2 Handling of Overlays
Overlays on Android can be classified in 4 broad classes: 1) Toast messages. 2) Overlay views. 3) System dialogs. 4) Application dialogs. Android does not support native detection and dismissal of class 1 or 2 overlays, and offer limited support to an application (i.e. not to a system services) to detect class 3 or 4 o...
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10.1.3 Handling of Applications Seeking Foreground Status
Android does not support actively preventing an application to be brought in the foreground so MirrorLink Servers on Android cannot be expected to prevent any application to be brought in the foreground by the operation system. MirrorLink Servers however, shall detect application coming into the foreground and alter th...
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10.1.4 Removal of audio from non-certified applications
Besides Audio Focus Management, the Android operating system does not offer any APIs allowing to either detect applications actively contributing to the audio stream or prevent applications from contributing to the audio stream. Thus, MirrorLink Servers on Android cannot be expected to be able to remove effectively aud...
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1 Scope
The present document specifies a protocol implementation profile to enable secure communication between IPsec-protected network endpoints while enabling network operations. The Enterprise Network Security profile depends on two protocols in the IPsec family of protocols. First, Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 ...
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply: Child SA: SA established by IKEv2 for use with the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) protocol or Authentication Header (AH) protocol Diffie-Hellman (DH) elements: longer-lived Diffie-Hellman public/private key pair contained in the Asymmetric Key P...
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3.2 Symbols
Void.
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ASN Abstract Syntax Notation CERT Certificate CMS Cryptographic Message Syntax DDOS Distributed Denial Of Service DER Distinguished Encoding Rules DH Diffie-Hellman EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol ENS Enterprise Network Security ESP Enc...
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4.1 Profile characteristics
In the ENS profile defined in the present document, one endpoint uses a longer-lived Diffie-Hellman key and so that endpoint unilaterally enables traffic visibility. The ENS profile defined in the present document also grants access to the entire data stream associated with the Security Associations (SAs) that are esta...
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4.2 Deployment of Enterprise Network Security (informative)
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4.2.1 Introduction
IPsec offers two modes of use: transport mode and tunnel mode as defined in IETF RFC 4301 [i.3]. In transport mode, ESP provides protection primarily for next layer protocols, and a transport mode SA is typically employed between a pair of hosts to provide end-to-end security services. In tunnel mode, ESP is applied to...
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4.2.2 Transport Mode Security Associations
Figure 4.1 depicts the deployment of ENS in a configuration where all IPsec SAs use transport mode. As a result, one set of end-to-end SAs are established between Protected Endpoint 1 and Protected Endpoint 2. The SAs are established under the longer-lived Diffie-Hellman public/private key pair, and this enables the mi...
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4.2.3 Tunnel Mode Security Associations
Figure 4.2 depicts the deployment of ENS with two tunnel endpoints (enterprise security gateways) protecting communications between two subnets using IKEv2 in tunnel mode. In this deployment environment, all IPsec SAs use tunnel mode. As in the case of Transport Mode, the middlebox receives a passive copy of the packet...
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4.3 Enterprise Network Security
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4.3.1 IKEv2 Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (informative)
IKEv2 [1] is a component of the IPsec family of protocols that performs mutual authentication and establishes Security Associations (SAs). IKEv2 establishes an IKE SA that includes shared secret information that can be used to efficiently establish SAs for the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) [i.2]. All IKEv2 commu...
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4.3.2 Diffie-Hellman key exchange with visibility
The ENS profile shall use exactly the same messages and procedures as defined in IETF RFC 7296 [1] to establish the initial IKE SA, to rekey the IKE SA, to establish ESP SAs, and to rekey ESP SAs. However, the party located in the enterprise network or data centre (whether initiator or responder), shall do all of the f...
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4.3.3 Visibility information
The ENS profile shall support authentication based on a certificate, as defined in Recommendation ITU-T X.509 [3]. The certificate shall include an extension that contains visibility information to indicate that the ENS profile is being used, unless such notice is provided by some other means as described in Annex A. 1...
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4.3.4 Longer-lived Diffie-Hellman public/private key pair management
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4.3.4.1 General
The present document does not mandate how the longer-lived Diffie-Hellman public/private key pairs defined in clause 4.3.2 are shared between IPsec peers, middleboxes, and other key consumers. However, an ENS implementation may use the mechanisms specified in clauses 4.3.4.2 to 4.3.4.3.4. The security of the ENS IPsec ...
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4.3.4.2 Individually managed keys
This clause describes one of the simplest means of management. When the individually managed keys mechanism is used, the longer-lived Diffie-Hellman public/private key pair shall be manually or automatically installed in both the IPsec peer and permitted middleboxes.
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4.3.4.3 Centrally managed keys
4.3.4.3.1 Introduction Figure 4.7 shows the architecture for using a central key manager to deploy the Enterprise Network Security profile longer-lived Diffie-Hellman keys to a key consumer, which include the IPsec peer and passive decryption middleboxes. When this centrally managed keys mechanism is used, the key mana...
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4.3.4.3.2 Asymmetric key package
When Enterprise Network Security profile longer-lived Diffie-Hellman public/private key pairs are sent from the key manager to a key consumer using this centrally managed keys mechanism, they shall be packaged using the Asymmetric Key Package defined in IETF RFC 5958 [4]. Each Asymmetric Key Package shall contain one o...
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4.3.4.3.3 Protecting the key package
When the centrally managed keys mechanism described in clause 4.3.4.3 is used, Enterprise Network Security Asymmetric Key Packages shall be transferred between the key manager and key consumer using HTTP Over TLS [9], commonly called HTTPS. In addition, the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) defined in IETF RFC 5652 [i...
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4.3.4.3.4 Transferring keys
4.3.4.3.4.1 Protocol overview The HTTP messages containing key packages shall comprise an HTTP header followed by the Asymmetric Key Package, encoded using Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER). The HTTP Content-Type header shall be set to application/pkcs8 as defined in IETF RFC 5958 [4] for plaintext packages and set to...
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5 Security
The Enterprise Network Security profile does not provide all the security guarantees provided by IKEv2 [1] and ESP [i.2]. The ENS profile does not provide the same forward secrecy for IPsec Security Associations (SAs). Knowledge of a given longer-lived Diffie-Hellman private key can be used to decrypt all of the SAs wi...
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1 Scope
The present document is part of the MirrorLink® specification which specifies an interface for enabling remote user interaction of a mobile device via another device. The present document is written having a vehicle head-unit to interact with the mobile device in mind, but it will similarly apply for other devices, whi...
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
Void.
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3.2 Symbols
Void. ETSI ETSI TS 103 544-5 V1.3.1 (2019-10) 6
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: API Application Programming Interface CCC Car Connectivity Consortium CDB Common Data Bus DAP Device Attestation Protocol IP Internet Protocol TCP Transmission Control Protocol UPnP Universal Plug-and-Play URL Universal Resource Locator VNC Vi...
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4 Common Data Bus Architecture
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4.1 General Architecture
The Common Data Bus (CDB) is a simple, low-bandwidth shared bus, which allows exchanging data between two CDB endpoints, residing in the MirrorLink Server and Client. The Common Data Bus is fully symmetrical, i.e. services can be provided on both endpoints independently from each other. A CDB endpoint can host a CDB Si...
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4.2 Bindings
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4.2.1 TCP Binding
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4.2.1.1 Launching the Common Data Bus
The MirrorLink Server, providing Common Data Bus functionality, shall include the Common Data Bus into its application listing as specified in [1]. The MirrorLink Client shall identify the Common Data Bus from the application listing as specified in [1]. ETSI ETSI TS 103 544-5 V1.3.1 (2019-10) 7 The Common Data Bus sha...
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4.2.1.2 Intentionally Terminating the Common Data Bus
The MirrorLink Client and Server can terminate the Server's Common Data Bus endpoint anytime, using the CDB ByeBye message and the UPnP TmApplicationServer:1 services, as defined in [1]. The CDB endpoint in the MirrorLink Client shall use the following sequence to terminate the CDB operation: 1) Client CDB endpoint sha...
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4.2.1.3 Unintentionally Terminating the CDB Session
Unintentional termination of the CDB session may happen any time in case of error conditions. In this case the respective CDB Server or Client endpoint will disconnect the TCP connection. The respective counterpart should disconnect as well. If the MirrorLink Client decides to re-establish the CDB session, it shall fol...
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4.2.2 Other Bindings
Besides TCP/IP, it will be also possible to run MirrorLink Common Data Bus on top of other protocol like Bluetooth RFCOMM, but how to discover and establish connection for such configuration is outside the scope of the present document.