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cde2a64ceb4f5b51b52030478fd00c1e | 103 052 | 7.1 Introduction | The uncertainty of the result of a measurement is expressed as standard deviation. Measurement uncertainty of a test site for determination of electromagnetic radiation power or field strength can be determined as a whole. If the uncertainties of all single components that compose the test site are added, preliminary c... |
cde2a64ceb4f5b51b52030478fd00c1e | 103 052 | 7.1.1 Uncertainty contributions specific to an Open Area Test Site | Open Area Test Site performance is dependent on many factors such as the size and shape of the ground plane, its surface material and roughness, edge termination, dielectric coverings, environmental conditions, weather protection, the size of the EUT, the type of test being carried out, the required frequency range, et... |
cde2a64ceb4f5b51b52030478fd00c1e | 103 052 | 7.1.3 Uncertainty contributions specific to an Anechoic Room | A typical Anechoic Chamber comprises two main components: • a metallic shield; • radio absorbing material. Whilst each component is included to improve the quality of the testing environment within the chamber, each has negative effects as well. |
cde2a64ceb4f5b51b52030478fd00c1e | 103 052 | 7.2 Measurement results | Measurement results related to RF power or field strength consists of a measured value and the measurement uncertainty. Measurement uncertainty is established in retracing the uncertainties to comparison standards that are public domain. The measurement results with the related measurement uncertainty as well as the us... |
cde2a64ceb4f5b51b52030478fd00c1e | 103 052 | 7.3 Measurement efficiency | The most accurate radiated measurement method is the substitution method. But when a lot of reading points have to be observed it becomes very time-consuming. If only proof of compliance with limit values is required and if the test results are well below the limits it is recommended to use the radiated power measureme... |
cde2a64ceb4f5b51b52030478fd00c1e | 103 052 | 7.4 Maximum expanded measurement uncertainty | In most ETSI radio equipment standards a table of maximum acceptable expanded measurement uncertainty is included as a normative requirement. The table generally contains a list of the required measurement methods and their associated expanded measurement uncertainty. The purpose of the table is to ensure that the expa... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 1 Scope | The present document provides parts of the Abstract Test Suite (ATS) for Security as defined in ETSI TS 103 097 [1] in accordance with the relevant guidance given in ISO/IEC 9646-7 [i.6]. The objective of the present document is to provide a basis for conformance tests for security communication over GeoNetworking equi... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 2 References | |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 2.1 Normative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations | |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 3.1 Terms | For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI TS 103 097 [1], ETSI TS 102 871-2 [2], ETSI TS 102 871-3 [3], ISO/IEC 9646-6 [i.5] and ISO/IEC 9646-7 [i.6] apply. |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 3.2 Symbols | Void. |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AA Authorization Authority AID Application ID ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One AT Authorization Ticket ATM Abstract Test Method ATS Abstract Test Suite BO Exceptionnal Behaviour BV Valid Behaviour CAM Cooperative Awareness Message DEN Decent... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 4 Contents of the ITS Security Test Suite | The ITS Security test suite contains: • test implemented in TTCN-3 code • certificate profiles and certificate generation tool To execute the ITS Security Test Suite a Test Adapter implementation and a TTCN-3 compiler is required. The reference Test Adapter implementation can be found at https://forge.etsi.org/rep/ITS/... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5 Abstract Test Method | |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.1 Introduction | Clause 5 describes the ATM used to test the ITS-Security framework. |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.2 Abstract protocol tester | The abstract protocol tester used by the ITS-Security test suite is described in figure 1. The Test System simulates valid and invalid protocol behaviour, and analyses the reaction of the IUT. ETSI ETSI TS 103 096-3 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 9 Figure 1: Abstract protocol tester - Security |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.3 Test Configuration | |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.3.1 Introduction | This test suite uses test configurations defined in ETSI TS 102 871-3 [3], i.e. the tester simulates the ITS station implementing the ITS Security framework over GeoNetworking protocol. |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.3.2 PKI infrastructure | |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.3.2.1 Overview | Before executing tests: • security certificates need to be generated, see clause 5.3.2.5; • security certificates need to be installed onto the IUT, see clause 5.3.2.6; • and some Test System settings need to be configured, see clause 5.3.2.3. |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.3.2.2 PKI certificate hierarchy | The required PKI certificate hierarchy of the test infrastructure is presented in figure 2. ETSI ETSI TS 103 096-3 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 10 Figure 2: Required PKI certificate hierarchy The following certificates are required for the test execution: 1) The set of the custom user-generated root certificates, referred as CERT_... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.3.2.3 Test system settings | |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.3.2.3.1 Test adapter settings | A reference test adapter has been developed and validated on the TTCN-3 runtime environments as listed in table 2 and can be downloaded at https://forge.etsi.org/rep/ITS/ttcn/ats_sec_ts103096-3.git. Table 2: TTCN-3 Tool Test Adapter Location TTCN-3 Tool Location TTworkbench taconfig.xml TestCastT3 org.etsi.its.tool.elv... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.3.2.3.2 Test Suite Parameters | The GeoNetworking test suite parameters defined in ETSI TS 102 871-3 [3] shall be applied. In addition the parameters defined in ETSI TS 102 871-2 [2] and in ETSI TS 103 096-2 [5] shall be applied as listed in tables 4 and 5. ETSI ETSI TS 103 096-3 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 12 Table 4: PICS Parameters Parameter Reference Role D... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.3.2.4 Certificate profiles | The ITS Security Test Suite contains certificate profiles describing content of certificates to be used by both TS and IUT. Then certificate profiles are used by the Certificate Generation Tool to generate all necessary certificates, see clause 5.3.2.5. EXAMPLE: <certificate> <version>3</version> <signer type="self"></... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.3.2.5 Certificate generation | Certificates can be generated based on certificate profiles using the certificate generation tool, provided as a part of the test suite. Certificate generation tool does not make any validation of the input profile, it just transforms the XML profile to the XER representation of the certificate, encode it to OER repres... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.3.2.6 Certificate installation | The ATS requires installing some certificates onto the IUT. The installation procedure is manual, customer dependent and out of scope of the present document. Certificates that shall be installed in order to run the mandatory tests: • CERT_IUT_A_RCA ETSI ETSI TS 103 096-3 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 14 • CERT_IUT_A_AA Certificate... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.4 Test architecture | The ITS Security Test Suite is based on the test architecture described in ETSI TS 102 871-3 [3]. The test system communicates with the GeoNetworking SUT over the geoNetworkingPor and over the utPorts as described in clause 5.5. |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.5 Ports and ASPs | |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.5.1 Introduction | Four ports are used by the ITS-Security ATS: • The geoNetworking Port, of type geoNetworkingPort. • The utPort of type LibItsGeoNetworking_TestSystem.UpperTesterPort. • The denmUtPort of type LibItsDenm_TestSystem.UpperTesterPort. • The camUtPort of type LibItsCam_TestSystem.UpperTesterPort. |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.5.2 Primitives of the geoNetworkingPort | Two types of primitives are used in the securityPort: • The geoNetworkingInd primitive used to receive messages of type GeoNetworkingPacket. • The geoNetworkingReq primitive used to send messages of type GeoNetworkingPacket. |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 5.5.3 Primitives of the utPort | The Upper Tester port uses these types of primitives: • The UtInitialize primitive used to initialize IUT. • The UtCamTrigger primitive with the changeSpeed parameter is used to configure IUT to send CAM messages with high rate (greater than 1 Hz). • The UtDenmTrigger primitive used trigger the event in the IUT to send... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 6 External functions | The external functions, described in table 6, have been defined in order to perform cryptographic operations and handle complex computations. ETSI ETSI TS 103 096-3 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 16 Table 6: External functions Function Parameters Return Dir. Name Type Value Type fx_hashWithSha256 in p_toBeHashedData octetstring Hash... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7 ATS conventions | |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7.1 Introduction | The ATS conventions are intended to give a better understanding of the ATS but they also describe the conventions made for the development of the ATS. These conventions shall be considered during any later maintenance or further development of the ATS. The ATS conventions contain the testing conventions, described in c... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7.2 Testing conventions | |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7.2.1 Testing states | |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7.2.1.1 Initial states | All test cases start with the function f_prInitialState. This function brings the IUT in an "initialized" state by invoking the upper tester primitive UtInitialize. |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7.2.1.2 Final state | All test cases end with the function f_poDefault. This function brings the IUT back to operational state. As no specific actions are required for the idle state in the ETSI TS 103 097 [1], the function f_poDefault does not invoke any action. As necessary, further actions may be included in the f_poDefault function. |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7.3 Naming conventions | |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7.3.1 Introduction | This test suite follows the naming convention guidelines provided in the ETSI EG 202 798 [i.1]. |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7.3.2 General guidelines | The naming convention is based on the following underlying principles: • in most cases, identifiers should be prefixed with a short alphabetic string (specified in table 7) indicating the type of TTCN-3 element it represents; • suffixes should not be used except in those specific cases identified in table 8; • prefixes... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7.3.3 ITS specific TTCN-3 naming conventions | Next to such general naming conventions, table 8 shows specific naming conventions that apply to the ITS TTCN-3 test suite. ETSI ETSI TS 103 096-3 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 19 Table 8: ITS specific TTCN-3 naming conventions Language element Naming convention Prefix Example identifier ITS Module Use upper-case initial letter Its... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7.3.4 Usage of Log statements | All TTCN-3 log statements use the following format using the same order: • Three asterisks • The TTCN-3 test case or function identifier in which the log statement is defined • One of the categories of log: INFO, WARNING, ERROR, PASS, FAIL, INCONC, TIMEOUT • Free text • Three asterisks EXAMPLE 1: log("*** TP_SEC_ITSS_E... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7.3.5 Test Case (TC) identifier | Table 9 shows the test case naming convention, which follows the same naming convention as the test purposes. ETSI ETSI TS 103 096-3 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 20 Table 9: TC naming convention Identifier TP_<root>_<tgt>_<gr>_<sgr>_<rn>_<sn>_<x>[_<v>] <root> = root SEC <tgt> = target ITSS ITS-S data transfer CA Certificate Author... |
b532015e5e9d90a49f3270f5f47fd358 | 103 096-3 | 7.4 On line documentation | The T3D tool enables providing on-line documentation browser in HTML, by tagging TTCN-3 comments. These tags are defined in table 10. Table 10: TTCN-3 comment tags Tag Description @author Specifies the names of the authors or an authoring organization which either has created or is maintaining a particular piece of TTC... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 1 Scope | The present document proposes a proforma for creating ICS, Test Purposes, and TTCN-3 test cases to assess compliance of TTCN-3 tools to TTCN-3 core language including also an estimate for integrating tool vendor tests into the framework. The present document has been developed to provide the essential structure, naming... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 2 References | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 2.1 Normative references | The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] ETSI ES 201 873-1: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3; Part 1: TTCN-3 Core Language". ETSI ETSI TS 102 995 V1.1.1 (2010-11) 7 [2] ETSI ES 201 873-10: "Methods for ... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 2.2 Informative references | The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ETSI ES 201 873-5: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3; Part 5: TTCN-3 Runtime Interface (TR... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 9646-1 [4], ISO/IEC 9646-7 [5], ES 201 873-1 [1] (TTCN-3) and the following apply: Abstract Test Case (ATC): complete and independent specification of the actions required to achieve a specific test purpose, defined at the level of abs... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ASP Abstract Service Primitive NOTE: Exchanged between entities inside the TS or between the user of the ATS (operator) and the TS. ATC Abstract Test Case ATM Abstract Test Method ATS Abstract Test Suite EBNF Extended Backus Naur Form ETS Exec... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 4 Abstract Test Method (ATM) | This clause describes the ATM used to test the conformance of TTCN-3 tool implementations as described in part 1 of the TTCN-3 core language standard ES 201 873-1 [1]. In the ATM, we work on two levels: • The TTCN-3 tool level. In TTCN-3 conformance tests, it is the TTCN-3 tool which is under test, i.e. the IUT. Howeve... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 5 The ATS development process | |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 5.1 Requirements and test purposes | For each test purpose there is a table defined in Annex B. The requirements applicable to this TP are given by a reference to ES 201 873-1 [1]. There are no explicit formulations of requirements. ETSI ETSI TS 102 995 V1.1.1 (2010-11) 10 |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 5.2 ATS structure | |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 5.2.1 Test case grouping | The ATS structure defined in Table 1 is based on the structuring of Test Purposes in Annex B. The group names in columns 1 to 3 of Table 1 are those assigned in the ATS; they are based on the names provided in Annex B, but use the naming conventions defined for the ATS (see Clause 5.3.2.2). The test case identifier nam... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 5.2.2 Test case identifiers | The test case names are built up according to the following scheme: <"TC">"_"<Group index>"_"<TC number> where: a) double quotes (") are used to enclose literal strings; b) <Group index> containing positive and negative syntactic and semantic test, refers to ES 201 873-1 [1] clause numbers and names; c) <TC number> is ... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 5.3 ATS specification framework | |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 5.3.1 ATS library | Table 3 shows the organization of the ATS as library of modules. In general, every test case shall be placed in a separate module. There are exceptions where it is essential to put more than one test case into a module, like tests related to scope or test cases for importing and visibility. ETSI ETSI TS 102 995 V1.1.1 ... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 5.3.2 Use of TTCN-3 | |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 5.3.2.1 General | TTCN-3, as defined in ES 201 873-1 [1], is used as the ATS specification language. A number of requirements have been identified for the development and production of the TTCN-3 specification for the ATS: 1) Top-down design. 2) A uniquely defined testing architecture and test method. 3) Uniform TTCN-3 style and naming ... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 5.3.2.2 TTCN-3 naming conventions | Like in other software projects using a programming language, the use of naming conventions supports or increases: a) the readability; b) the detection of semantic errors; c) the shared work of several developers; d) the maintainability. ETSI ETSI TS 102 995 V1.1.1 (2010-11) 13 The naming conventions applied to Referen... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 5.3.2.3 TTCN-3 comment tags | Any TTCN-3 definition in the Test Suite Repository or Library should contain embedded comment tags, according to ES 201 873-10 [2]. These comment tags can be used by tools to extract information from the TTCN-3 code to create, for example, a HTML-based reference documentation. Comment tags which cover one or more lines... |
1bfd4a6d32f601cfff2c821dc2f0d7fc | 102 995 | 5.4 ATS archive | Annex D contains the ATS archive (ts_102995v010101p0.zip file expanding to text files with TTCN-3 code). ETSI ETSI TS 102 995 V1.1.1 (2010-11) 16 Annex A (normative): Proforma for the ICS proforma A.1 Instructions for completing the ICS proforma A.1.1 Other information More detailed instructions are given at the beginn... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 1 Scope | The present document gives guidelines for the implementation of DVB-C2 based cable transmission systems. The DVB-C2 standard [i.1] contains a detailed and precise description of techniques used at the transmitting end. The target of the DVB-C2 standard document has been to provide an instruction manual allowing a non-a... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 2 References | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 2.1 Normative references | The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. ETSI ETSI TS 102 991 V1.2.1 (2011-06) 11 |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 2.2 Informative references | The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ETSI EN 302 769: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Frame structure channel coding and modulation for a second generation digital transmission system ... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations | |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in [i.1] and the following apply: 0xkk: digits 'kk' should be interpreted as a hexadecimal number active cell: OFDM Cell carrying a constellation point for L1 signalling or a PLP auxiliary data: sequence of cells carrying data of as yet undefined... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in [i.1] and the following apply: ⊕ exclusive OR / modulo-2 addition operation Δ Absolute guard interval duration Λ LDPC codeword of size Nldpc λi LDPC codeword bits λRM 32 output bits of Reed-Muller encoder λiRM Bit number of index i of 32 bit long output bit... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in [i.1] and the following apply: 1 024-QAM 1 024-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 16-QAM 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 256-QAM 256-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 64-QAM 64-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 8PSK 8-ary Phase Shift Keyin... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 4 Overview of DVB-C2 | |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 4.1 DVB-C2 commercial requirements | In recent years, customer demands for sophisticated multimedia applications have increased significantly. Broadband Internet peers providing even higher speeds of beyond 100 Mbit/s as well as new TV services such as High Definition Television (HDTV), Back-up TV, Video On Demand (VOD) and other interactive TV services h... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 4.1.1 General requirements | • The technologies shall aim at optimizing the use of cable channels in state of the art cable networks. This includes enhanced flexibility and robustness, as well as maximum payload data capacity. • DVB-C2 should not primarily aim at matching DVB-S2 and/or DVB-T2, but fully exploit its differentiating features to comp... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 4.1.2 Performance and efficiency requirements | • DVB-C2 should be able to efficiently support the migration from a mixed analogue/digital to full digital network and be able to offer max performance/throughput in both networks. • DVB-C2 shall give at least 30 % more throughput in existing cable plants and in-house networks compared to 256-QAM (DVB-C). ETSI ETSI TS ... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 4.1.3 Backward compatibility requirements | • DVB-C2 shall not be backwards-compatible with DVB-C (in a sense that a DVB-C receiver is able to process a DVB-C2 signal). The capability for a DVB-C2 receiver to include DVB-C functionalities should be addressed as an optional requirement in the technical specification, so that: - if this is a requirement from the i... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 4.1.4 Interactive systems requirements | • The specification shall be available for consideration as an alternative downstream coding and modulation scheme for the DOCSIS systems currently using DVB-C for the EuroDOCSIS System. • DVB-C2 shall include techniques for improving the efficiency of carriage of IP data. • DVB-C2 shall allow cost effective integratio... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 4.2 Key features of DVB-C2 | The excellent physical channel characteristics of Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) networks provide an ideal platform for all current and future broadband communication services. In the past, the available spectrum has been mainly used for the transmission of analogue TV signals. For some years, the application of digital tr... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 4.3 Benefits of DVB-C2 compared to DVB-C | Table 1 lists the major differences between DVB-C and DVB-C2 in terms of the relevant used technologies. As a result of the technologies introduced in DVB-C2, the potential gain in capacity that could be achieved is about 33 % compared to the DVB-C mode with the same SNR requirements (see table 2). In addition to the i... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5 Anatomy of the DVB-C2 signal | DVB-C2 employs state-of-the-art algorithms for higher spectral efficiency and flexibility that allow for optimum usage of the cable network resources. The technical details to reach this goal and the resulting advantages are given in the following clauses of the present document. |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.1 System Overview | In accordance with the widely deployed first generation DVB physical layer specifications, the second generation of the DVB physical layer standards family (DVB-X2) consists of three transmission systems for the three different transmission media: DVB-S2 (satellite), DVB-T2 (terrestrial) and DVB-C2 (cable). One main id... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.2 Concept of Physical Layer Pipes (PLP) and Data Slices | The Physical Layer Pipe (PLP) concept allows the transmission of several independent logical channels. Each PLP constitutes such a logical channel containing data based for instance on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream or on the Internet protocol by using the Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE). The PLP Identifier (PLP_ID), w... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.3 Forward Error Protection and Modulation Constellations | The performance of the forward error correction builds the basis of a powerful transmission system. As part of the DVB-X2 family approach, DVB-C2 employs exactly the same Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes that have been already used for DVB-T2 and DVB-S2. This code class has already been known since the sixties, bu... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.4 DVB-C2 Framing and OFDM Generation | As a major difference to DVB-C, DVB-C2 uses OFDM instead of single-carrier QAM modulation. OFDM is applied in most state-of-the-art broadcast and bidirectional transmission schemes due to its well-known and proven robustness to different types of channel impairments (e.g. multipath effects or narrowband interferers). D... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.4.1 DVB-C2 signalling concept | The DVB-C2 signalling scheme consists of two components, the Layer 1 and the Layer 2 signalling. |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.4.1.1 L1 signalling scheme | Layer 1 signalling is spread into two parts. The first part (L1 part 1) is transmitted in the FECFrame_headers (carrying) modulation scheme and code rate of the individual PLPs and the second part of Layer 1 signalling (L1 part 2) is carried in the preamble payload. There is also a Layer 2 signalling scheme defined in ... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.4.1.2 L2 signalling scheme | Layer 2 signalling delivers the mapping of PLPs to the relevant services to the receiver. More details are given in clause 7.5 ETSI ETSI TS 102 991 V1.2.1 (2011-06) 28 |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.5 Spectral Efficiency and Transmission Capacity | One main goal of the DVB-C2 specification is an increased spectral efficiency. DVB-C2 achieves this goal through the utilization of the LDPC codes in combination with higher QAM mappings and the application of OFDM. The gain caused by OFDM is depicted in figure 4. f Φ(f) e.g. 8 MHz Spectral loss due to shaping filter f... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.6 DVB-C2 multiplexing schemes | The DVB-C2 multiplexing schemes consist of two parts. The so called "physical frame structures" are the schemes used to multiplex Physical Layer Pipes into a C2-Frame and the so called logical frame structure are the schemes to convert input signals into Physical Layer Pipes. |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.6.1 Physical frame structure | |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.6.1.1 C2-System | The DVB-C2 specification [i.1] uses the phrase "C2 System" in different senses. In some places it is used in a general way to refer to the DVB-C2 standard and the various elements which make it up. However, "C2-System" is also used as the name of a transmitted DVB-C2 signal. In this specific sense a certain multiplexin... |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.6.1.2 C2-frame | The C2-Frame is the highest level of the DVB-C2 multiplexing schemes. A Frame starts always with a preamble (one or several symbols duration), followed by 448 data symbols. More details about the C2-frame and the choice of relevant parameters are given in clauses 6.5 and 8.6. |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.6.1.3 Data Slices | Data Slices contain one or more PLPs and are transmitted with identical time and frequency interleaving parameters. More details about Data Slices and the choice of relevant parameters are given in clause 6.9. |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.6.1.4 Physical Layer Pipes | A Physical Layer Pipe (PLP) is a data container, carrying data with a certain set of modulation parameters (QAM-modulation scheme and FEC code rate). More details about PLPs and the choice of relevant parameters are given in clause 7. |
68c0023631b9916756c4eab7052aaa7b | 102 991 | 5.6.1.5 FECFrames | The baseband frame, completed with a header, is treated as an information word to which BCH and LDPC coding are applied. The resulting codeword always contains either 64 800 bits or 16 200 bits and is known as a FECFRAME. The two different lengths correspond to the choice of long or short FEC blocks respectively. Short... |
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