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49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.12.6 Frame Processing | Frames shall be considered transmitted and received as defined in [2], clause 7.2.1. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.12.7 Frame Counter | In addition to the per-neighbour Unicast sequence number maintained as defined in [2], clause 7.2.2 each node maintains a Frame Counter for each secure relationship maintained with any neighbour: • The initial value of the Frame Counter is not specified. • The maximum value of the Frame Counter shall be the largest num... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.12.8 Information Element Processing | IEs shall be generated and interpreted as defined in [2], clause 7.3 together with the following: |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.12.8.1 EMSDU IE | EMSDU IEs shall be generated as defined in [2], clause 7.3.7 for M-Data.request primitives without SSF parameter and shall be associated with a non-secure data set as described in [2], clause 7.4.1. EMSDU IEs generated for M-Data.request primitives with the SSF parameter present shall be associated with a secure data s... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.12.8.2 Secure Envelope IE | On generation of any frame containing a Fragment IE derived from a secure data set the MAC Entity: • Generates an SE IE according to clause 7.8.2 with: - The SSF field set to the value of the Security Suite Family associated with the secure data set. - The SSF dependent fields set to the values of the SSF dependent par... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.12.8.3 SK IE | On receipt of an MLM-NS.request primitive the MAC Entity: If the Request Type field = New Session: • Generates a SK IE according to clause 7.9.4.1 with: - Initiator Nonce field set to the value of the MLM-NS.request I-nonce parameter. - Key ID field set to the value of the MLM-NS.request Key ID parameter. - Initiator R... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.12.9 Data Transfer Services | Data Transfer services, as described in [2], clause 4.6 and as defined in [2], clause 7.4 shall be included in the present document. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.12.9.1 Unicast Data Transfer | Unicast data transfer between two specific nodes described in [2], clause 4.6 and as defined in [2], clause 7.4.4.4 shall be included in the present document. Any frame exchanged via the Unicast Data Service: • May be a Secured Frame as defined in clause 7.7.1 if a secure relationship has previously been established be... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.12.9.2 Beacon Data Transfer | Transmission of Beacon frames as described in [2], clause 4.6 shall be included in the present document as described in [2], clause 7.4.5. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.12.9.3 Broadcast Data Transfer | Transmission of information on the Broadcast data service as described in [2], clause 4.6 shall be included in the present document as described in [2], clause 7.4.6. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.12.9.4 Multicast Data Transfer | Transmission of information on Multicast data services as described in [2], clause 4.6 shall be included in the present document as defined in [2], clause 7.4.7. ETSI ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09) 47 |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.13 Operating Class | The representation of frequency bands and centre frequencies corresponding to Channel Numbers shall be as described in [2], Annex A. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.13.1 Regulatory Domain | The encoding of Regulatory Domain shall be as defined in [2], clause A1. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.13.1.1 Global Operating Class | The encoding of frequency band and corresponding channel centre frequencies for the Global Regulatory Domain shall be as defined in [2], clause A2. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.13.1.2 US Operating Class | The encoding of frequency band and corresponding channel centre frequencies for the US Regulatory Domain shall be as defined in [2], clause A3. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.13.1.3 Japan Operating Class | The encoding of frequency band and corresponding channel centre frequencies for the Japan Regulatory Domain shall be as defined in [2], clause A4. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 7.13.1.4 Europe Operating Class | The encoding of frequency band and corresponding channel centre frequencies for the Europe Regulatory Domain shall be as defined in [2], clause A5 with the addition of the classes shown in Table 23. Table 23: Additional European Specific Operating Classes Operating Class Frequency Band Channel Starting Frequency Channe... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8 Negotiation Session (NS) Protocol | The following protocol should be implemented by a MLM-NS Entity to generate, and process received, NS messages via the MLM-NS management interface. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.1 NS State Machine Representation | The setup of a security session is described via an NS State Transition Diagram (STD) as shown in Figure 12. ETSI ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09) 48 Figure 12: NS State Transition Diagram There may be multiple NS state machines instantiated at any given time. The Inonce in each SK IE (or the Session ID for a Session... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.2 Necessary Conditions | If two nodes share a secret, and implement a common security suite, they may negotiate a session dynamically: • Nodes share one or more shared secrets of lengths depending on the security requirements. • Each shared secret shall be tagged with a 12 octet key identifier. • Each shared secret shall be tagged with the MAC... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.3 Initiation | The Initiator: • Generates two 8 octet random values Inonce and Irand • Generates an MLM-NS.request with: - Request Type parameter set to indicate New Session message (see clause 7.9.4.1). - The Initiator Nonce parameter set to Inonce. ETSI ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09) 49 - The Key ID parameter set to a key ID of... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.4 Response | The Responder inspects the New Session message and, if it decides to proceed with the negotiation: • Selects a supported cipher suite from the CST List field of the received New Session message. • Confirms it has a common shared secret, Kss, tagged by the value of the Key ID field in the received New Session message. •... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.5 Confirmation | The initiator should send one more frames to set up its sequence number and to prove to the responder that both sides have the same set of keys. Any specific verification of the sequence number and key information is beyond the scope of the present document. The Initiator derives the Responder's sending keys using the ... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.5.1 States | |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.5.1.1 Start | This is the STD state where a session has not yet been created, or has been terminated. A transition from this state is initiated either with the reception of a New Session message, or by the ME initiating a new session. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.5.1.2 Session Wait | This is an Initiator only state. At this point the Initiator is awaiting a Session Create message from the Responder. Upon timeout, it will retransmit the New Session message. Upon retries exceeded, it will abandon the session creation. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.5.1.3 Ack Wait | This is a responder only state. At this point, the Responder has received a New Session message and sent a corresponding Session Create message to the Initiator. Upon timeout, it will retransmit the Session Create message. Upon retries exceeded, it will abandon the session creation. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.5.1.4 Established | At this point the ME has received or sent the Session Acknowledgement message and has established the session. If it's sent Session Acknowledgement message is lost it may receive another duplicate Session Create message and shall respond with a duplicate Session Acknowledgement. An ME leaves this state and returns to S... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.5.2 Events | Each state associated with transmission of an NS message has an associated retry counter and timer. The retry counter shall be initialized to cNSRetryCount (see clause 8.5.2.3) on first entry to the state but not on re-entry after a timeout. The timer shall be set to NSTimeout on each entry to the state and cleared on ... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.5.2.1 Timeout | If the timer expires before the state is exited, the retry counter shall be decremented, and the timeout action (generally re-sending a message) shall be taken. |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.5.2.2 Retry Exceeded | If, on decrementing after a timeout event, the value of the retry counter is zero, the action being re-tried shall be abandoned and the state shall be set to Start. ETSI ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09) 51 |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.5.2.3 Constants and Attributes | Table 24: NS Protocol Constants and Attributes Name Type Value Description NSTimeout Integer 1 000 ms - 10 000 ms NS Message timeout value. The value should be a random value in the range when each timer is initiated. It SHALL be set to a random rather than a fixed value. cNSRetryCount Integer 5 NS message retry count ... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.6 Key Derivation Function | |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 8.6.1 KDF 1 - SP800-108-CMAC | The following values shall be used to derive keys using this KDF function: • Initiator's sending keys: KDF (Kss, Label, Irand || Rrand). • Responder's sending keys KDF (Kss, Label, Rrand || Irand). • Where || denotes the concatenation operator. • Kss shall be the shared secret key identified by the Key ID in the sessio... |
49cdd64bd5c592cebee27d88ce5814ea | 102 887-2 | 9 PICS Proforma | The PICS information for devices operating in Mode 1 shall be as in clause 6.5 of the present document. The PICS information for devices operating in Mode 2 shall be as shown in Table 25. ETSI ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09) 52 Table 25: PICS for Devices in Mode 2 Specification Reference TS 102 887-2 Specification R... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 1 Scope | The present document reports on the practical evaluation, demonstrations and certification procedures for the mitigation mechanisms for RFID systems operating in the band between 915 MHz to 921 MHz as described in [2]. The active mechanisms covered in this Technical Specification are intended to mitigate against any ha... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 2 References | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 2.1 Normative references | The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] ETSI EN 302 208 (all parts) (V1.3.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W". [2] ETS... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 2.2 Informative references | The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ETSI ERM TG34: ERM-TG34#15-04r1: "ETSI tests at a Distribution Centre", September 2006. ETSI ETSI TS 102 903 V1.1.1 (2011-08) 7 |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations | |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Cognitive Radio System (CRS): radio system (optionally including multiple entities and network elements), which has the following capabilities: • obtains knowledge of the radio operational environment and established policies and monit... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: α pathloss exponent in the Friis Equation dB decibel d distance f frequency measured under normal test conditions fc centre frequency of carrier transmitted by interrogator λ wavelength Ω omh ∆f frequency offset |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: BCCH Broadcast Control Channel BTS Base Transceive Station DAA Detect and Avoid DL Downlink ER-GSM Extended Railways GSM GSM Global System for Mobile Communication IM3 third order intermodulation RBW Resolution Band Width RF Radio Frequency RF... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 4 Demonstration of principle | |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 4.1 Introduction | The purpose of the initial demonstration of principle was to show the ability of an interrogator to detect the defined threshold levels for Uplink and Downlink detection. This demonstration of principle was also presented at the ECC workshop in Mainz in April 2011. The demonstration showed the feasibility of the active... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 4.2 Methods of measurement | The demonstration setup and procedure shows the detection process and the corresponding response of the interrogator. In the first step, downlink detection of a BCCH is demonstrated. The interrogator, operating in the band between 915 MHz to 921 MHz, monitors the complete R-GSM and ER-GSM bands between 918 MHz to 925 M... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 4.2.1 Unmodulated Signal in the ER-GSM UL and DL band | This test shows that an interrogator is able to detect a signal in the ER-GSM Uplink and Downlink band down to the defined threshold levels. The demonstration only needs to be done for the lowest defined threshold level. Step 1: The measurement receiver is connected to the input of a power splitter. One input of the po... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 4.3 Results of the demonstration | |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 4.3.1 Unmodulated Signal in the ER-GSM DL band | In the first part of the test the capability of the interrogator to detect a continuous unmodulated signal in ER-GSM downlink band was shown. Initially the interrogator was powered on while the signal source simulating the ER-GSM downlink signal was turned off. After power up the interrogator performed the downlink det... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.2 Unmodulated Signal in the ER-GSM UL band | In the second part of the test the capability of the interrogator to detect a continuous unmodulated signal in the ER-GSM uplink band was shown. Initially the interrogator was powered on while the signal source simulating the ER-GSM uplink signal was turned off. After power up the interrogator performed the uplink dete... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5 Test procedures | |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.1 Introduction | In this clause the conformance test procedures for the active mitigation techniques proposed in [2] will be presented. |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.2 Technical requirement specifications | |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.2.1 General requirements | The present document describes test methods to ensure the co-existence of RFID and ER-GSM Systems in the frequency range between 915 MHz and 921 MHz. To achieve co-existence an interrogator should comply with the following requirements: • The interrogator/interrogator antenna should be at least 20 m away from a railway... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.2.1.1 Class A: Interrogators without detection capabilities | Interrogators according to class A shall only transmit at centre frequencies of 916,5 MHz and 917,7 MHz. Class A interrogators shall demonstrate this with the tests defined in clauses 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.4 and 5.3.5. |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.2.1.2 Class B: Interrogators with ER-GSM Downlink detection capability | An interrogator complying with class B requirements shall perform a scan for the presence of a BCCH within the complete ER-GSM and R-GSM band across the frequency band 918,2 MHz to 924,8 MHz immediately on power up. There are 33 potential BCCH channels available located at centre frequencies between 918,2 MHz and 924,8... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.2.1.3 Class C: Interrogators with ER-GSM Uplink and Downlink detection capability | |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.2.1.3.1 Class C1: Slow Uplink detection | A class C1 interrogator may transmit a continuous signal on any of the high power channels for a period not exceeding the limit defined in clause 5.3.7.4.3. At the end of the transmission the interrogator may transmit again for the same period on the same channel provided that it is still available. Interrogators compl... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.2.1.3.2 Class C2: Fast Uplink detection | Interrogators complying with class C1 shall be capable of detecting the downlink transmission from a BCCH in accordance with the specification in clause 5.2.1.2. If a class C1 interrogator detects a downlink transmission from a BCCH Channel in the ER-GSM or R-GSM band, detection of an ER-GSM uplink is mandatory. The de... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.2.2.2 Operational frequency ranges | |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.2.2.2.1 Choice of frequencies | Interrogators shall operate within the band 915 MHz to 921 MHz in any one of the four specified high power channels as illustrated in figure 9. The band width of each high power channel shall be 400 kHz and the centre frequency of the lowest channel shall be 916,5 MHz. The remaining three high power channels shall be s... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.2.2.2.2 Channel range | When submitting equipment for testing, the provider shall state the frequencies of the channels on which the interrogator will operate. The provider shall also confirm that the interrogator shall operate on each of the declared channels without any change to the circuit or trimming of discrete components. Trimming is a... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.2.2.2.3 Testing of operational frequencies | Figure 9 shows the centre frequencies of the four high power channels permitted for use by interrogators at levels up to 4 W e.r.p. within the band designated for RFID. Full (FT) and Limited (LT) Tests, as defined in clause 3.1 in [1], shall be carried out in the applicable channels at the frequencies shown in figure 1... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.1 Frequency error for mains operated equipment | |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.1.1 Definition | The frequency error, known as frequency drift, is the difference between the frequency of the device under test measured under normal test conditions (see clause 5.3 in [1]) and the frequency measured under extreme test conditions (see clause 5.4 in [1]). |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.1.2 Method of measurement of frequency error | The measurements shall be made with the interrogator set to transmit a continuous un-modulated carrier and performed at each of the applicable frequencies specified in clause 5.2.3. a) Under normal test conditions: - The signal transmitted by the interrogator shall be connected by suitable means to the input of a frequ... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.1.3 Limits | The maximum permitted frequency drift, defined as the absolute value of fe-f, shall not exceed ±10 ppm relative to the nominal centre frequency of each of the applicable channels, where: • f = the frequency measured under normal test conditions (see clause 5.3.1.2, a)). • fe = the maximum frequency drift as measured in... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.2 Frequency stability under low voltage conditions | This test is for battery operated equipment. The measurement shall be made under normal temperature and humidity conditions (see clause 5.3.1 in [1]). |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.2.1 Definition | The frequency stability under low voltage conditions is the ability of the equipment to remain within its permitted frequency limits when the battery voltage falls below the lower extreme voltage level. |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.2.2 Method of measurement | Step 1: An interrogator shall be set up to transmit a continuous un-modulated carrier. The signal transmitted by the interrogator shall be connected by suitable means to the input of a frequency counter. Step 2: The frequency displayed on the frequency counter shall be recorded. Step 3: The voltage from the test power ... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.2.3 Limits | The equipment shall either: • transmit with a carrier frequency within the limits of ±10 ppm whilst the radiated or conducted power is below the spurious emission limits; or • automatically cease to function below the provider's declared operating voltage. NOTE: Where multiple interrogators are co-located, tighter limi... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.3 Radiated power (e.r.p.) | This measurement applies to equipment with an integral antenna and to equipment supplied with an external antenna. Both radiated and conducted methods of measurement are permitted. Where the conducted method is used, the conducted power shall be adjusted to take into account the gain of the antenna and be stated as e.r... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.3.1 Definition | The effective radiated power is the product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half wave dipole in the direction of maximum gain in the absence of modulation. ETSI ETSI TS 102 903 V1.1.1 (2011-08) 22 |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.3.2 Method of measurement | These measurements shall be performed with an un-modulated carrier at the highest power level at which the transmitter is intended to operate. For both methods of measurement the measuring receiver shall be set up in accordance with the requirements of clause 6.6 in [1]. |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.3.2.1 Radiated measurement | This measurement shall be carried out under normal test conditions only (see clause 5.3 in [1]). Step 1: On a test site, selected from annex A in [1] the interrogator shall be placed at the specified height on a support, as specified in annex A in [1], and in the position closest to normal use as declared by the provid... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.3.2.2 Conducted measurement | Where an interrogator is fitted with an external antenna connector it is permissible to measure the conducted power. In this case the provider shall declare the maximum gain and beamwidth(s) of the external antenna(s) at the time that the equipment is presented for test. Step 1: The transmitter shall be configured to o... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.3.3 Limits | The effective radiated power on each of the four high power channels specified in figure 10 shall not exceed 36 dBm e.r.p. |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.4 Transmitter spectrum mask | |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.4.1 Definition | The transmitter spectrum mask defines the limits within the range fc ± 1 000 kHz for the average power of all modulated signals including all side bands associated with the carrier. |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.4.2 Method of measurement | The RF output of the equipment shall be connected to a spectrum analyser via a 50 Ω connector. In the case of equipment with an integral antenna, the equipment shall be placed in the test fixture (see clause 6.3 in [1]) and the test fixture shall be connected to the spectrum analyser. Measurements shall be made on the ... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.4.3 Limits | The absolute levels of RF power at any frequency shall not exceed the limits defined in the spectrum mask envelope at figure 11 in which the X axis shall be in linear frequency and the Y axis shall be scaled in dBm e.r.p. ETSI ETSI TS 102 903 V1.1.1 (2011-08) 25 Figure 11: Spectrum mask for modulated signals |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.5 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain | 5.3.5.1 Definition Spurious emissions are emissions at frequencies other than those of the wanted carrier frequency and its sidebands associated with normal test modulation. 5.3.5.2 Method of measurement Spurious emissions shall be measured at frequencies outside the band fc ± 1 000 kHz where fc is the carrier frequenc... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.5.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 5.3.5.2, a) i) | This method applies only to equipment with an external antenna connector. Step 1: The interrogator shall be connected to a 50 Ω power attenuator. The output of the power attenuator shall be connected to a measuring receiver. The interrogator shall be set up to generate a succession of modulated transmit pulses (see cla... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.5.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 5.3.5.2, a) ii) | This method applies only to equipment with an external antenna connector. Step 1: On a test site, selected from annex A, the interrogator shall be placed at the specified height on a non-conducting support and in the position closest to normal use as declared by the provider. Step 2: The antenna connector of the interr... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.5.2.3 Method of measuring effective radiated power, clause 5.3.5.2, b) | This method applies only to equipment without an external antenna connector. The method of measurement shall be performed according to clause 5.3.5.2.2, except that the interrogator output shall be connected to the integral antenna and not to an artificial antenna. 5.3.5.3 Limits The level of any spurious emission, con... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.6 Downlink detection | |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.6.1 Definition | Downlink detection is necessary to demonstrate that an interrogator is able to detect the presence of a ER-GSM Base Station. To avoid interference between an active interrogator and the TCH of an ER-GSM Base Station, the interrogator shall detect the presence of a BCCH within the complete frequency band between 918 MHz... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.6.2 Downlink detection mode | The manufacturer shall demonstrate that immediately after power-up, the receiver associated with an interrogator shall first monitor for the presence of BCCHs within the frequency band 918 MHz to 925 MHz (ER-GSM and R-GSM bands). The detection capability of the interrogator shall be tested according to clause 5.3.6.3. ... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.6.3 Method of measurement | This test is designed to verify that the interrogator is able to detect the presence of a R-GSM Base Station . The measurement shall be carried out under normal conditions. |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.6.3.1 Method of measuring radiated signals in the R-GSM band | Step 1: A measurement antenna shall be positioned at a known point on a test site selected from annex A in [1] and connected either to a measurement receiver or spectrum analyser. Step 2: A second antenna shall be positioned at a distance of 3 m from the measurement antenna in its direction of maximum gain. The antenna... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.6.3.2 Method of measuring radiated signals in the ER-GSM band | Step 1: A measurement antenna shall be positioned at a known point on a test site selected from annex A in [1] and connected either to a measurement receiver or spectrum analyser. Step 2: A second antenna shall be positioned at a distance of 3 m from the measurement antenna in its direction of maximum gain. The antenna... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.6.3.3 Conducted method of measurement for signals in the R-GSM band | Where the interrogator is fitted with an external antenna connector, the measurement may be made using power splitters. Step 1: The measurement receiver is connected to the input of a power splitter. Four inputs of the power splitter are connected to a signal sources A, B C and D. The other input is connected to a 50 Ω... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.6.3.4 Conducted method of measurement for signals in the ER-GSM band | Step 1: The measurement receiver is connected to the input of a power splitter. One input of the power splitter is connected to a signal sources A. The other input is connected to a 50 Ω resistor. A diagram of the test configuration is shown at figure 19. Figure 19: Calibration of field levels for Conducted ER-GSM Down... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.6.4 Limits | The minimum permitted levels for the threshold of the receiver in the interrogator while in the "detect" mode is specified in table 3. Table 3: Levels of receiver threshold Threshold (e.r.p.) ≤ -86 dBm |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.7 Uplink detection | |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.7.1 Definition | This test is necessary to demonstrate that a Class C interrogator is able to detect the presence of an ER-GSM Mobile in the ER-GSM uplink band and to estimate the isolation between the RFID interrogator and the terminal to be protected. To avoid interferences between an active interrogator and the ER-GSM mobile, the in... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.7.2 Uplink detection mode | The manufacturer shall demonstrate that when the interrogator has detected at least one BCCH channel in the frequency band 918 MHz to 921 MHz (ER-GSM) or more than 3 BCCH channels in the frequency band 921 MHz to 925 MHz (R-GSM) and is in the RF off state, its receiver shall monitor for the presence of an active ER-GSM... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.7.3 Method of measurement | This test is designed to verify that the interrogator is able to detect the presence of an ER-GSM Mobile. The measurement shall be conducted under normal test conditions. |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.7.3.1 Method of measuring radiated signals | Step 1: A measurement antenna shall be positioned at a known point on a test site selected from annex A in [1] and connected either to a measurement receiver or spectrum analyser. Step 2: A signal source A shall be positioned at a distance of 3 m from the measurement antenna in its direction of maximum gain. Step 3: Si... |
11bf78ec4e8452059a950fdeeb6215cc | 102 903 | 5.3.7.3.2 Conducted method of measurement | Where the interrogator is fitted with an external antenna connector, the measurement may be made using power splitters. Step 1: The external antenna connector of the interrogator shall be connected to a power splitter. One input of the power splitter shall be connected via an attenuator to a measurement receiver. The o... |
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