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5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6 Dynamic Energy Efficiency Assessment | |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.1 Overview | For dynamic measurement, the BS shall be operated in a test and measuring environment as illustrated in Figure 3. For BS energy efficiency measurements the following items are specified for each system in Annexes B and C: • Reference configuration (Annex B). • Frequency bands (Annex B). • Traffic load levels (Annex C).... |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2 Energy Efficiency Measurement | |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2.1 Measurement Lab Setup | Figure 3 shows the test setup using a UE emulator and a channel emulator connected to the BS under test. A traffic generator is used to generate both data traffic requested by the UEs and measuring the received data by the UEs during the test. NOTE: BS as defined in Figure 1 (integrated BS) or Figure 2 (distributed BS)... |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2.2 UE Distribution | The UEs are distributed in three different path loss regions, low path loss, medium path loss and high path loss regions as shown in Figure 4. The path loss value for each region is according to Table C.3. The number of UEs for low, medium, and busy-hour traffic load scenarios are different and are according to Annex C... |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2.3 Data Traffic Model | The traffic model used for BS energy efficiency measurement in the present document is based on artificially generated data traffic by a traffic generator. This traffic generator is either inbuilt in the UE emulator used in the test setup or is a standalone traffic generator. The following requirements shall be fulfill... |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2.4 Test Time Definition | The test time is fixed according to Table C.2, Annex C. This test time is denoted as Ttest and it is the time between the start of the measurement and the time when the UEs stop requesting files. The test time for low, medium and busy-hour traffic load scenarios are in the following denoted as: Ttest-low, Ttest-medium,... |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2.5 Low traffic model | For low load traffic scenario, the amount of delivered data is at a low level due to low number of connected UEs. The number of connected UEs for low load scenario is defined in Table C.3 in Annex C. |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2.6 Medium traffic model | For medium load traffic scenario, the amount of delivered data is at a medium level due to medium number of connected UEs. The number of connected UEs for medium load scenario is defined in Table C.3 in Annex C. |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2.7 Busy-hour traffic model | For busy-hour load traffic scenario, the amount of delivered data is at a busy-hour level due to high number of connected UEs. The number of connected UEs for busy-hour load scenario is defined in Table C.3 in Annex C. |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2.8 Data Volume Measurement | All received data by the UEs during the test time of each traffic load scenario shall be measured. The measured data is the net data volume and shall not contain any duplicated or retransmitted data. The data shall be generated as described in clause 6.2.3 and Annex C. The measured data in Mbits will be used for calcul... |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2.9 Power and Energy Consumption Measurement | The energy consumption measurements shall be performed when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are reached. For this purpose, the BS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a minimum operation time of one hour before starting the measurements. After change of traffic l... |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2.10 Energy Consumption measurement | The energy consumption of the base station under test shall be measured during the test time of each traffic load level scenario. The total daily energy consumption of the base station will be the sum of weighted energy consumption for each traffic load level scenario, i.e. low, medium and busy-hour traffic. For the ca... |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2.11 Base Station Energy Efficiency KPI | The Base Station Energy Efficiency (BSEE) KPI is an indicator for showing how a base station in an energy efficient way is doing a work in terms of delivering useful bits to the UEs served by the base station. A base station is more energy efficient when doing more work with the same energy, doing the same work with le... |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 6.2.12 UE quality of service KPI | The final report shall include UE quality of service KPI as throughput. For every transmitted file an average throughput for that file shall be calculated. Average throughput of a file is calculated as file size divided by file transmission time. Transmission time starts when a UE requests a file and ends when the comp... |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 7 Uncertainty | The measurement expanded uncertainty shall be assessed according to Annex D. |
5c0e840ed8eb296c9207a0bf08691fa1 | 102 706-2 | 8 Measurement report | The results of the assessments shall be reported accurately, clearly, unambiguously and objectively and in accordance with any specific instructions in the required method(s). A list of reference parameters, measurement conditions, test results, uncertainty analysis (see Annex D) and derived calculation results which s... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 1 Scope | The present document defines a method to analyse the energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment. The present document version covers the following radio access technologies: • GSM. • LTE. • WCDMA. • WiMAXTM. As the RBS power consumption is the dominant part of total power consumption of wireless access netw... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 2 References | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 2.1 Normative references | The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] Void. [2] ETSI TS 125 104: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.104)". [3] CENELEC EN 50160: "Voltage characteristics of electricity suppl... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 2.2 Informative references | The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] NIST Technical Note 1297: "Guidance for evaluating and expressing the uncertainty of NIST measurement results". [i.2] ISO/IEC Guide 98: 1995: "Guide t... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: activity level: traffic model in dynamic measurement is divided into three activity levels corresponding to low-, medium- and busy hour traffic activity time: time to generate data from the server to at least one UE (in the scenario fo... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AC Alternating Current AMR Adaptive Multi Rate BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel BER Bit Error Rate BH Busy Hour BS Base Station BSC Base Station Controller ETSI ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07) 9 BTS Base Transceiver Station BW Bandwidth CCH Com... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 4 Assessment method | |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 4.1 Assessment levels | The present document defines a three level assessment method to be used to evaluate energy efficiency of wireless access networks. The three levels are: • RBS equipment average power consumption for which the present document defines reference RBS equipment configurations and reference load levels to be used when measu... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 4.2 Assessment procedure | The assessment procedure contains the following tasks: • Identify RBS basic parameters (table A.1 in annex A). • List RBS configuration and traffic load(s) for measurements (annexes D to H). • Measure RBS equipment power consumption for required load levels. (see clause 6). • KPI calculation procedure according to: 1) ... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5 Calculation method for energy efficiency | |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5.1 RBS equipment energy consumption | The RBS equipment is a network component which serves one or more cells and interfaces the mobile station (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure (BSC or RNC), i.e. within the present document a RBS is defined as one or more BTS or one Node B ([i.3] and [2]). Appropriate transmission e.g. a transp... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5.1.1 Reference configurations for Static energy consumption | For static RBS equipment power consumption measurements the following items are specified for each system in annexes D to G: • Reference configuration(s). • Frequency bands. • Load levels. Power Savings features implemented independently in RBS i.e. not requiring any other network element (for example BSC, RNC) to run ... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5.1.2 Reference configurations for Dynamic energy consumption | For dynamic RBS equipment energy consumption measurements the following items are specified for each system in annexes E to H: • Reference configuration(annexes E and F). • Frequency bands (annexes E and F). • Traffic load levels (annex H). • Traffic case (annex H). Power Savings features and other radio and traffic re... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5.2 Calculation method for integrated RBS | |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5.2.1 Definition of power consumption in static method | The power consumption of integrated RBS equipment in static method is defined for three different load levels as follows: • PBH is the power consumption [W] with busy hour load. • Pmed is the power consumption [W] with medium term load. • Plow is the power consumption [W] with low load. The loads are defined for a give... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5.2.2 Definition of power consumption in dynamic method | The power consumption of integrated RBS equipment in dynamic method is defined for three different activity levels as follows: • PAL10 is the power consumption [W] with 10 % activity level. • PAL40 is the power consumption [W] with 40 % activity level. • PAL70 is the power consumption [W] with 70 % activity level. The ... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5.3 Calculation method for distributed RBS | |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5.3.1 Definition of power consumption for distributed RBS in static method | The power consumption of distributed RBS equipment in static method is defined for three different load levels as follows (for details of load levels see the annexes D to G): • PBH,C and PBH,RRH are the power consumption [W] of central and remote parts of RBS with busy hour load. • Pmed,C and Pmed,RRH are the power con... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5.4 RBS site power consumption | Figures 1 to 3 show examples of reference models for RBS sites. The RBS site includes the RBS equipment, but may also include different infrastructure support systems and/or auxiliary cabinets. The power consumption and losses of support parts needed as a complementary to the site parts that are not included in the RBS... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5.5 Energy efficiency | The energy efficiency provides a mean to evaluate the energy efficiency of wireless access network at RBS node level thus taking into account aspects targeting not only the RBS site energy consumption but also to features and properties related to capacity and coverage of the network. |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5.5.1 Energy efficiency for GSM | In rural areas, the dominant factor for the dimensioning of a network is the coverage area. The traffic demand is typically smaller than the maximum possible capacity of the RBS and thus the cell size is defined by the propagation model. Thus, the energy efficiency for rural area is defined as the following where the K... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 5.5.2 Energy efficiency for WCDMA/LTE/WiMAXTM | To calculate the energy efficiency indicator in dynamic mode for the xth activity level, the power consumption of the RBS is sampled continuously (interval time Δtm: 0,5 seconds or shorter) over the complete period TD of the test patterns (duty cycle period). For the integrated RBS ALx equipment k iP , , is the measure... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6 Measurement methods for RBS power consumption | This clause describes the methods to measure the equipment performance taking into account the existing standards as listed in clause 2. It also gives the conditions under which these measurements should be performed. The aim is to have reproducible results. |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.1 Measurement basics | 1) UL diversity: - Is a standard feature in all RBS. Therefore it is considered sufficient that the test is performed on the main RX antenna only. The diversity RX shall be active during the measurement without connection to the test signal. ETSI ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07) 19 DL diversity: - Not considered in R99... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.1.1 General | The measurement method and the test setup for power consumption consist of two parts, static measurement and dynamic measurement. For both static and dynamic measurement the RBS shall be operated in a test and measuring environment as illustrated in figures 4 and 5. RBS RBS test control unit RF power meter & load syste... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.1.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements | The measurement of the power consumption shall be performed by either measuring the power supply voltage and true effective current in parallel and calculate the resulting power consumption (applicable only for DC) or with a wattmeter (applicable for both AC and DC). The measurements can be performed by a variety of me... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.1.3 UE performance requirements | The dynamic RBS energy efficiency testing allows the usage of either user equipment (UE) emulator or a test setup with conventional UEs. The RBS energy efficiency depends to a significant part on the performance of the UE. To achieve comparable results, the UE performance shall be according to the nominal minimum perfo... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.2 Measurement conditions | |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.2.1 RBS Configuration | The RBS shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the information accompanying the equipment. The RBS, test configuration and mode of operation (baseband, control and RF part of the RBS as well as the software and firmware) shall represent the normal intended use and shall be recorded in the test report... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal | Due to the different nominal RF output power values of the various RBS models and additionally their RF output power tolerances within the tolerance ranges defined by the corresponding mobile radio standards, it is necessary to measure the real RF output power at each RF output connector of the RBS. During the test the... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.2.3 Environmental conditions | For the power consumption measurements the environmental conditions under which the RBS has to be tested are defined as follows. Table 1: RBS environmental conditions Condition Minimum Maximum Barometric pressure 86 kPa (860 mbar) 106 kPa (1 050 mbar) Relative Humidity 20 % 85 % Vibration Negligible Temperature Static:... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.2.4 Power supply | For measurements of the RBS power consumption the following operating voltage value shall be used (for non standard power supply voltages one should use operating voltage with ±2,5 % tolerances). For nominal value and operating value shall be according for AC testing to [3] and DC testing to [4]. The frequency of the p... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.3 Static measurement procedure | The power consumption measurements shall be performed when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are reached. For this purpose the RBS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a minimum operation time of one hour before doing measurements. Measurement results shall be capt... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.3.1 Coverage measurement method | The coverage of a RBS in rural areas is typically limited by the UL connection. The coverage area (sensitivity of the RBS) is an important performance indicator especially for green field operators or when a new system is introduced. The initial RBS deployment is often determined by the contractual requirements to achi... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.4 Dynamic measurement procedure | The power consumption measurements shall be performed in the middle of RF band when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are reached. For this purpose the RBS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a minimum operation time of one hour before doing measurements. This cla... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.4.1 UE distribution for dynamic test method | In the dynamic test method 4 UE groups are distributed in each sector. The number of UEs in each group is dependent on which radio access technology is used during the test, see annex H. The distribution of UE groups is in a way that UE group1 has the lowest path loss and UE group 4 has the highest path loss, see figur... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.4.2 Throughput setup | The following procedure is applied for one carrier. Due to the different link budget conditions UEs at different positions in a sector get different net data transmissions per bit. In order to equally weight the contribution of different UEs to the global energy efficiency metric, the active UEs shall evenly share the ... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 6.4.3 Error tolerance for equal distributed resources | The amount of accumulated data per Activity Level (#Datax,UEi) can be easily compared with the expected minimum data, based on the UDP-levelled Throughput (= measured TPmax) multiplied by the summarized recording time. The minimum data per Activity Level (per UE-Group) is the evaluated volume of data, reduced by a tole... |
12d3840cf595f86c8d17067aa874e948 | 102 706 | 7 Measurement report | The results of the assessments shall be reported accurately, clearly, unambiguously and objectively, and in accordance with any specific instructions in the required method(s). A list of reference parameters, measurement conditions, test results and derived calculation results which are to be reported is given in annex... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 1 Scope | The present document specifies the S-MIM (S-band Mobile Interactive Multimedia) system in which a standardised S-band satellite mobile broadcast system is complemented by the addition of a return channel. The present document is part 4 of a multipart deliverable and concerns aspects of the air interface for the S-band ... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 2 References | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 2.1 Normative references | The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] ETSI TS 102 721-1: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Air Interface for S-band Mobile Interactive Multimedia (S-MIM); Part 1: General System Architecture and Configurations". [2] ETSI TS 102 721-6: "Satellite Ear... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 2.2 Informative references | The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] "Bandlimited Quasi-Synchronous CDMA: A Novel Satellite Access Technique for Mobile and Personal Communications Systems". R. De Gaudenzi, C. Elia, R. V... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations | |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: 2 GHz MSS band: 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands NOTE: These paired bands are assigned to MSS. architecture: abstract representation of a communications system NOTE: Th... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Eb Received energy per information (payload) bit Es Received energy per (channel) symbol I0 Single-sided interference power spectral density N0 Single-sided noise power spectral density ETSI ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08) 8 |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: C number of Columns CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CGC Complementary Ground Component CMF Control and Monitoring Functions CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CW CodeWord DAMA Dynamic Assignment Multiple Access DCH Dedicated Channel DMPCCH Dedicat... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 4 General Description | The present document specifies the physical layer for the Synchronous Access option of the Return Link using the Quasi-Synchronous CDMA (QS-CDMA) technique [i.1]. The present document covers the Return-Link (RL) satellite transmission. ETSI ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08) 9 S-MIM quasi-synchronous access is intended... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 4.1 Relationship to other layers | |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 4.1.1 General Protocol Architecture | The overall protocol architecture for the return link of S-MIM synchronous access is shown in Figure 4.1. USER PLANE MANAGEMENT PLANE CONTROL PLANE Modulation & Transmission Header Compression Encryption (LL) Encapsulation & Addressing PHY Link Layer EC NEC RLE NCC BCC PDRACH Header Compression Control CAC/DAMA Managem... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 4.1.2 Services provided to higher layers | The physical layer offers data transport services to higher layers. The access to these services is through the use of transport channels via the MAC sub-layer. The physical layer is expected to perform the following functions in order to provide the data transport service: • Error detection on transport channels and i... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 4.2 Transmitter functional architecture | In the transmission direction Physical Layer functional block diagram is shown in Figure 4.2. Figure 4.2: Transmitter Functional Block Diagram |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 4.3 Channel description | |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 4.3.1 Transport channels | Two transport channels are defined, namely: • A Random Access Channel (RACH), characterized by limited size data field, a collision risk and by the use of open loop power control, used to convey system specific signalling whenever no dedicated channel is available, e.g. at terminal logon. The RACH has a fixed burst len... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 4.3.1.1 Transport-to-Physical Channel Mapping | The RACH channel is mapped onto the PDRACH (see clause 5.1.1). The DCH is mapped onto the DPDCH for stationary terminals (see clause 5.2.1) and onto the DMPDCH for mobile terminals (see clause 5.2.2). |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 4.3.2 Physical channels | Up to five physical channels are defined, namely: 1) a Physical Data Random Access Channel (PDRACH), mapped to the RACH; 2) a Physical Control Random Access Channel (PCRACH), carrying pilot symbols; ETSI ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08) 12 3) a Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH), mapped to DCH for stationary ter... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 4.3.2.1 Random Access Channels | The PDRACH and the PCRACH are I/Q code multiplexed to form an Up-Link Burst (ULB), composed of three parts (Figure 4.3): • a preamble; • a Physical Data Random Access Channel (PDRACH); • a Physical Control Random Access Channel (PCRACH). The preamble is transmitted before the start of the PDRACH and PCRACH. Figure 4.3:... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 4.3.2.2 Dedicated physical channels | Dedicated physical channels (DPDCH, DMPDCH, DMPCCH), assigned to different users and sharing the same radio channels are kept orthogonal to each other by use of orthogonal spreading codes. The DMPDCH and DMPCCH are I/Q code multiplexed together. |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 4.3.3 Radio channels | The following channelisations shall be supported by all terminals: • 5 MHz bandwidth channels (baseline); • 625 kHz bandwidth channels; • 312,5 kHz bandwidth channels. |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 5 Physical Channel Structure | |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 5.1 Random Access Channel Structure | The PDRACH and the PCRACH are I/Q code multiplexed to form an Up-Link Burst (ULB), to which is added the preamble (see Figure 4.3). |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 5.1.1 PDRACH structure | The PDRACH is composed of one or more frames, where each frame of 1 536 bits is composed (as illustrated in Figure 5.1) as follows: • UW: 36-bits uncoded Unique Word. The word is 0xBDC686ECB (1011-1101-1100-0110-1000-0110-1110- 1100-1011). The leftmost bit is transmitted first. • Coded data: 1 500-bit codeword (CW) bui... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 5.1.2 PCRACH structure | The PCRACH is composed of a sequence of pilot symbols, which is a segment of a Maximal Length (ML) sequence. The polynomial for the pseudo-random binary sequence generator is: G(X) = X15 + X14 + 1 ETSI ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08) 14 The shift register generating the sequence is loaded with a given value PFseed. ... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 5.1.3 Preamble format | The preamble is composed of a sequence of Np symbols, which is repeated in both in-phase and quadrature components. The sequence of symbols is a segment of a Maximal Length (ML) sequence. The polynomial for the pseudo-random binary sequence generator is: G(X) = X10 + X7 + 1 The shift register generating the sequence is... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 5.2 Dedicated Channel Structure | |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 5.2.1 DPDCH structure | The DPDCH is structured in frames as it is illustrated in Figure 5.5. ETSI ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08) 15 Figure 5.5: DPDCH frame structure Three different frame lengths (1 024 bits, 2 048 bits and 4 096 bits) are defined. Each frame is composed of two fields: • UW: 34-bits uncoded Unique Word. The word is 0x3DE... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 5.2.2 DMPDCH and DMPCCH structure | The DMPDCH and DMPCCH are I/Q code multiplexed to form frames with a fixed period of 128 ms, as illustrated in Figure 5.7. Figure 5.7: DMPDCH and DMPCCH frame structure Each frame is thus composed of two parts: • A Dedicated Mobile Physical Data Channel (DMPDCH), uniquely determined by its chip rate and spreading facto... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 6 Channel Coding and Interleaving | |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 6.1 Channel Coding | Channel coding is performed differently for: 1) PDRACH. 2) DPDCH and DMPDCH. |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 6.1.1 PDRACH channel coding | The PDRACH employs the same turbo-coding scheme as the 3GPP WCDMA standard [i.8], of coding rate 1/3. As illustrated in Figure 6.1, the Turbo-coder is a Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Code (PCCC) with two 8-state constituent encoders and one Turbo code internal interleaver. xk xk zk Turbo code internal interleaver... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 6.1.2 DPDCH and DMPDCH channel coding | The coding scheme for DPDCH and DMPDCH is based on the coding scheme used by the PDRACH defined above, but a final puncturing stage is added in order to reduce the coding rate from 1/3 to 1/2. |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 6.1.2.1 Puncturing pattern | The code used is systematic, which means that only parity bits (zk or z'k) are punctured, whereas the input bits xk are kept. The puncturing pattern is defined in Table 6.1, where '1' means that the bit is transmitted and '0' means that it is punctured. Table 6.1: Puncturing pattern for coding rate 1/2 k k+1 Systematic... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 6.2 Channel Interleaving | Coded bits are interleaved before spreading and modulation. The interleaving is only applied to: • PDRACH (all terminals) • DMPDCH (mobile terminals only) The interleaver acts over the coded bits of each individual frame, not including the UW. Thus, the resulting interleaving depths are 93,75 ms for the PDRACH and slig... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 7 Spreading and Modulation | |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 7.1 Spreading | The adopted spreading scheme is based on 3GPP [i.9]; any differences are described. Spreading is applied to all physical channels. It consists of two operations. The first is the channelisation operation, which transforms every data symbol into a number of chips, thus increasing the bandwidth of the signal. The number ... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 7.1.1 PDRACH and PCRACH spreading | Figure 7.1 illustrates the principle of the spreading and scrambling of the PDRACH and PCRACH, or data and pilot parts respectively. The binary data and pilot parts to be spread are represented by real-valued sequences, i.e. the binary value "0" is mapped to the real value +1, while the binary value "1" is mapped to th... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 7.1.2 DPDCH spreading | Figure 7.2 illustrates the principle of the spreading and scrambling for the DPDCH. The binary data to be spread are represented by real-valued sequences, i.e. the binary value "0" is mapped to the real value +1, while the binary value "1" is mapped to the real value -1. A serial to parallel multiplexing of the incomin... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 7.1.3 DMPDCH and DMPCCH spreading | Figure 7.3 illustrates the principle of the spreading and scrambling for the DMPDCH and DMPCCH. The binary data and pilot parts to be spread are represented by real-valued sequences, i.e. the binary value "0" is mapped to the real value +1, while the binary value "1" is mapped to the real value -1. Data and pilot parts... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 7.1.4 Channelisation code generation | The channelisation codes are Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes that preserve the orthogonality between different physical channels (dedicated physical channels only). The OVSF codes can be defined using the code tree of the Figure 7.4. Figure 7.4: Code-tree for generation of Orthogonal Variable Spreadin... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 7.1.5 Scrambling codes generation | All physical channels are subjected to scrambling with a complex-valued scrambling code. All physical channels use scrambling codes of length 256 chips. The approach adopted corresponds to one of the solutions foreseen in the 3GPP WCDMA for the uplink (short scrambling). The scrambling sequences c1,n(i) and c2,n(i) are... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 7.2 Modulation and Pulse Shaping | The complex-valued chip sequence S generated by the spreading process (described in clause 7.1) is QPSK modulated as shown in Figure 7.6. For the PDRACH and PCRACH the preamble generated according to clause 5.1.3 shall be added. ETSI ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08) 26 Figure 7.6: Modulation and pulse shaping Pulse s... |
3b95bb73725a95444c0a4f56a47f8c65 | 102 721-4 | 8 Radio Transmission |
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