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ELI5: Multi-level Marketing and Amway.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4rirdk
| 3
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.8
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d51ezpy",
"comment_text": [
"It is too good to be true and you should be highly skeptical of it. They will tempt you with promises of wealth and references to anecdotes. While people can and do make money (even lots of money) these are extreme cases, not the typical experience.",
"Some questions or things to consider:",
"A friend got involved with Amway and is making a lot of money",
"How is she making money? Selling a product or recruiting members like yourself?",
"This is key. If she's making money through recruiment, you know it's a scam. If she's making money through selling a product, then consider that if you take this on, you'll basically be competing with her. If she's successful in selling the product, then she already has a solid consumer base in your geographic area, and probably covers all of your mutual friends. You'd be at a serious disadvantage.",
"A few years ago, Amway ",
"released a disclosure statement",
" that revealed that active Amway distributers earn an average of $115 a month. 0.26% (a quarter of a percent) earn more than $40,000 a year.",
"Mathematically, they can promise the world. Obviously if you sell enough product you can make any amount of money. The problem is that runs afoul of the brick wall of practical reality."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d51f7v6",
"comment_text": [
"Beware. Succeeding within a pyramid scheme like Amway requires you to commodify your personal relationships. Money is made by tricking your friends and family to get involved. There's a great Always Sunny episode about this: \"Mac and Dennis buy a Timeshare\" season 9 episode 4 I think.",
"Pro tip: if its about money and seems too complicated, it's likely someone is trying to trick you. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d51fqfk",
"comment_text": [
"You make money not by selling things....but convincing other people to sign up under you.....and then have them convince more people to sign up under them....etc. The money then flows up like a pyramid. Unless you are really high up, you probably won't make much.",
"If you want to alienate most your friends and spend your time just trying to sell people on this, then go for it. You become full time sales people. ",
"Beware though. I once heard of a guy who drove a Cadillac, dressed in an Armani suit and wore a Rolex trying to get people under him in a pyramid scheme....but he also slept in that car, only had that one suit and the Rolex was a fake. ",
"Beware of what people say or show in the illusion of them being well off. You have been warned."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d51fu6j",
"comment_text": [
"This is key. If she's making money through recruiment, you know it's a scam.",
"This. The person heading the meeting explained with a certain amount of people recruited, they earn anywhere up to $1.5 million/year. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d51fuvy",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"Please search before submitting.",
"This question has already been asked on ELI5 multiple times.",
"detailed rules",
"."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5:Current Attack in Saudi Arabia
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4rgz2r
| 2
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.58
|
I mean a Muslim guy attacking the holiest Muslim city in the holiest month ???
If anything the agenda of these guys is to kill non Muslims right ? What gives ?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d512bq4",
"comment_text": [
"Not everything people do is driven by one aspect of themselves. Politics, money and power can be meaningful even to a person of faith. Just because they're muslim doesn't mean they're nothing else. ",
"Also sectarian violence runs rampant within religions. Islam has a long history of tensions between the Sunni and Shia. Just as Protestants have fought and killed Catholics, or the Albigensian crusade a 20 year military campaign where the Catholic church waged war against gnostic christians in the south of France, in which the massacre of Beziers slaughtered an entire city, burned it to the ground and gave us the quote ",
"Caedite eos. Novit enim Dominus qui sunt eius.",
"Kill them all. The lord shall know those that are his. ",
"There are a lot of Muslims who are against terrorists, and thus terrorists are against a lot of Muslims. ",
"Terrorists are not terrorists because they have faith. Having faith gives them the courage to be terrorists. Religion is a salve for wounds, it grants strength to those that need it, but no matter what the faith it does not itself discriminate on how that strength is used. "
],
"score": 9
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d513tp8",
"comment_text": [
"I wish more people thought like this."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d51broo",
"comment_text": [
"And ",
"The Thirty Years War",
", and the not too distant Northern Irish problems."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d51buku",
"comment_text": [
"Exactly. If you think that hated infidels, you should find out how much they hate heretics. To these radicalised terrorist who think God/Allah speaks through then, everyone not fighting the west are heretics. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d51buku",
"comment_text": [
"Exactly. If you think that hated infidels, you should find out how much they hate heretics. To these radicalised terrorist who think God/Allah speaks through then, everyone not fighting the west are heretics. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: How are many types of fireworks illegal (FL) yet are still allowed to be sold in supermarkets and firework superstores?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4rg71x
| 6
|
Other
| true
| false
| 1
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d50ukoe",
"comment_text": [
"Sparklers are legal:",
"http://www.myfloridacfo.com/division/sfm/BFP/ApprovedSparklerLists.htm",
"as are glow worms and things that create only colored smoke from the ground.",
"For other things, it's a loophole that allows for using some fireworks for agricultural use, which is exploited for entertainment. Grocery store fireworks simply aren't labelled 'consumer approved' and you're expected to know the law surrounding them; firework vendors (the SkyKing stores and the like) require a signed form that states you are using them for 'farming or agricultural use only'"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d50uy8c",
"comment_text": [
"Scare away birds mostly.",
"It's a huge loophole, and everyone knows it. Politicians just know that people love fireworks and there's a sort of unspoken \"Don't be dumb\" rule where the cops won't bother you if you aren't being a nuisance with them."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d50uuok",
"comment_text": [
"hahahaha are you serious, is that really the loophole? How are fireworks even used agriculturally to begin with?",
"I guess thats why they had me sign that form in the beinning. I thought that was just to verify your age."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d50v7wj",
"comment_text": [
"yes, seriously, and yup, that's likely what that form said. it also probably said that the BATF was allowed to access your history of purchases (for fireworks) and that you were responsible for legal use, storage, and transportation. I answered the agricultural use question above, and farms do actually use them... but many residents suddenly become farmers the first week of July and give it up again on the 5th of July every year. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d50uuso",
"comment_text": [
"Fascinating. Could you elaborate why agricultural use is allowed? What would fireworks do?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: Why do we see such distinct pictures of things when we look at clouds?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4rdm35
| 7
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.58
|
Clouds can look like super detailed things, I just saw one that looked like a tiger head. Why does my brain see that in such an ambiguously shaped thing?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d506y8w",
"comment_text": [
"We have evolved to see familiar patterns in things, even if they only loosely resemble what we think we are seeing. ",
"I believe that part of the explanation is that it helps us to quickly look at many things, without having to fully analyze every little detail. ",
"For example, try reading this paragraph....",
"I cnduo't bvleiee taht I culod aulaclty uesdtannrd waht I was rdnaieg. Unisg the icndeblire pweor of the hmuan mnid, aocdcrnig to rseecrah at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mttaer in waht oderr the lterets in a wrod are, the olny irpoamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the rhgit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it whoutit a pboerlm. Tihs is bucseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey ltteer by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.",
"So just like we see patterns & shapes in clouds, we recognize patterns in letters.",
"Also, there is some research that says that right from birth, we are programed to recognize the basic shape of a human face, so that we know where our mother is. (might be common among mammals). ",
"Some have said that this innate ability to recognize a face, is why so many people describe seeing aliens that have a face shape similar to humans (oval head with two eyes on the front). The 'face' is actually buried in their subconscious (they didn't actually see an alien). "
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d506pvi",
"comment_text": [
"The human brain is a pattern recognition machine.",
"Our ancestors' survival was often predicated upon taking a look at surroundings and understanding their context quickly. This was done by being able to identify patterns.",
"We're just so good at it that we often see patterns where none exist, like a tiger head in a cloud."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d509sfy",
"comment_text": [
"Pattern recognition is one of our greatest and most important skills. So great is it that we often see patterns when they aren't really there. On the whole, that's ok though. Better to see the silhouette of a lion and jump to readiness, only to realize it's a bush, than the potentially fatal failure to capture such a pattern quickly. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d514vl2",
"comment_text": [
"What you're referring to is called ",
" - it's a psychological phenomenon that happens when the brain perceives an object/sound to have familiar patterns that do not actually exist. ",
"It's thought to be the result of natural selection and the subsequent evolution of our species: the faster you can identify an object/sound, the quicker you can assess its threat level, the more time you have to react. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d50giye",
"comment_text": [
"Your conscious brain tries to make sense out of nonsense. Whenever you do something and you're not sure why, your brain will often try to explain it away. Split brain patient studies are an interesting report on how our subconscious knows things, but our conscious mind will make lies in order to cover up for the fact that it doesn't know things.",
"Therefore it is telling you there is a recognizable image in the sky."
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: Why do cats and dogs stray from home, even after 10 years, don't they have some kind of mental map?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4rcxw0
| 2
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.55
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d500lqk",
"comment_text": [
"You're assuming that your cat has lost itself. I realize that you don't know where your cat is, but you don't seem to be considering the question of whether or not your cat knows where it is. What makes you think that your cat is actively trying to return home?"
],
"score": 8
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d500uuw",
"comment_text": [
"Found the Bengal cat person."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d5013ij",
"comment_text": [
"Even if they do have a mental map, it only extends so far. For whatever reasons, an animal might find itself in a situation where something other than remaining close to home is a priority (maybe she was chasing something, or being chased by something), and suddenly they find themselves outside of the bounds of their mental map and are lost. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d502oyz",
"comment_text": [
"We've had our cat for almost 16 years now. Bout 3 years ago he just disappeared during a severe thunder storm. Three months later he reappeared just as suddenly looking very thin and worn. Now it seems like he never leaves our yard."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d500d5x",
"comment_text": [
"An indoor cat might never go out or go out so infrequently that they never form said map. How would they?",
"Cats and dogs do return home quite often after straying away. Many missing pets are the result of an exploring pet being catnapped by a human, or in fight with a wild animal."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: how they can identify a suicide bomber using only his severed, bloody head and that too, only in a few hours. Do they have DNA records of every foreign worker who enters the country?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4rbceo
| 3
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.59
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4zpoao",
"comment_text": [
"so are you saying they do have the DNA records of every foreign worker who enters the country? that doesn't really answer the question"
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d50ovgt",
"comment_text": [
"It may only take a few hours for a co-worker to realize that Hasan (or Hank, doesn't have to be a stereotypical suicide bomber) no-call, no-showed for his shift on the day that a suicide bomber took out the farmer's market. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d512lhg",
"comment_text": [
"I don't think the USA collects DNA samples from foreign nationals entering its borders (although I'm an American, so beats me what happens in that customs line). They do take fingerprints and photos, though, IIRC.",
"In any event, most countries wouldn't have an exhaustive DNA database of their own citizens, who are often just as or more likely to commit terrorist attacks than immigrants. And DNA tests aren't so fast they can be done in a few hours.",
"The easiest way would be to find some sort of identification. I think they found passports of some of the bombers at the Paris attacks? A bomb may blow someone into pieces, but a wallet could be thrown away rather than shredded.",
"The second easiest way would be cameras. While the government usually isn't all big brother-y about DNA (yet), they are all about having cameras all over the place. After the Boston Marathon bombing they asked local businesses for all of their security tapes, for instance. With a few hours they could probably identify the bomber in security tapes and track him backwards to wherever he came from. With luck, you might even be able to get it down to a single city block or parking lot, from which you could maybe find an apartment or car.",
"I'm not super familiar with the process, but IIRC dental records are the last resort for identifying bodies. Even if you just find a fragment of a jaw, it's possible to match the teeth to a name. I'm pretty sure this takes a long ass time, though, and you need to have a guess as to who it belongs to as well. And they need to have gone to a dentist at some point in their lives."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d519eyl",
"comment_text": [
"Thanks for explanation "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4zq0hp",
"comment_text": [
"What about Saudia? They just said the suicide bomber was \"Pakistani\"?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: What's that golden thing with all those labels that they turn in old ships?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4r8q6k
| 2
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.63
|
[deleted]
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4z3zvs",
"comment_text": [
"It sounds like you are describing the ",
"engine order telegraph",
" which does what it sounds like : it telegraphs orders to the engine room. Is this what you are thinking of?"
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4zluhc",
"comment_text": [
"I think telegraph is a perfectly cromulent verb. The roots are easily recognized by modern English speakers. Anyway, the word predates the electric telegraph and can describe semaphore."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4z3vwa",
"comment_text": [
"It's connected by a chain to the engine room, they labels are aft: full, half and quarter, ahead: full, half and quarter, all stop and \"done with engines\". It communicated maneuvering instructions to the engineers before the controls could be located on the bridge. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4zfvm2",
"comment_text": [
"It was a device to communicate with the engine room in the years before the throttle control could be located on the bridge. The bridge had no actual control over the speed of the ship. They relied on this device to communicate to the engine crew what speed they wanted and the engine crew would carry out the tasks required to attain that speed."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4z72mc",
"comment_text": [
"Upvoted for a succinct and accurate explanation, but is \"telegraph\" a metaphor that most people will understand? I don't think anyone under 50 will have ever seen a telegram. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: Do identical twins have some sort of psychic connection?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4r7ido
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.5
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4ytepj",
"comment_text": [
"The connection twins have with each other is based upon living close together and growing up at the same pace, which makes it even easier to think alike/know a person so intimately that you can end his sentences.",
"Anything beyond that, like one twin sensing another is in danger, is unproven to be anything but anecdotal/coincidental, and too rare to make \"twin telepathy\" a likely explanation."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4yti74",
"comment_text": [
"Thank you for your response! I was pretty confused about this as there are a lot of misleading sources on the internet."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4yty3k",
"comment_text": [
"It is a common belief (and, in a way, not entirely without merit, as i tried to explain in my first paragraph), and people hold strongly onto it, maybe because they felt this way (much of knowing a person intimately comes from subconcious knowledge about said person) or because they heard about \"twin telepathy\" so often that they believe it (and selectively hyping up instances where it seems that way as proof)"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4ytgxf",
"comment_text": [
"only some and only anecdotally",
"so no real proof on the science side, but mothers get it for their kids too sometimes"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4ytjnb",
"comment_text": [
"Why do mothers get it for their kids? Is that also anecdotal or is there some other reason behind it? "
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: Why does semen smell like bleach?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4ra039
| 7
|
Other
| true
| true
| 0.65
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4zgdy5",
"comment_text": [
"Why does *your semen smell like bleach?"
],
"score": 8
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4zgl2c",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"ELI5 is for questions with objective ",
".",
"Because you are not looking for an explanation, but rather an answer, your post has been removed. Your question may be better suited for ",
"/r/answers",
", or a topic specific subreddit. Whichever sub you choose remember to read the rules and sidebar before posting.",
"detailed rules",
"."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4zgmp6",
"comment_text": [
"Better question: why does bleach smell like semen?",
"Best question: why does your semen smell like bleach?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4zgka7",
"comment_text": [
"Ammonia maybe? The smell comes from amines, fun fact- one of which is named spermidine. I found a bottle of it once, it's very potent."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4zgka7",
"comment_text": [
"Ammonia maybe? The smell comes from amines, fun fact- one of which is named spermidine. I found a bottle of it once, it's very potent."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: Why are some lowriders have really positive cambers on their cars?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4r3yq9
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.5
|
Hi, so I'm an car enthusiast and I try to understand and respect all kinds of different car cultures including ricers ( the cars not the attitude) and I happen to drive by a couple of lowriders with a lot of positive camber. The car looked like it was tiptoeing and I'm not sure if it's a culture thing or does it help the car when it does its bouncing. Thanks for any replies!
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4y882a",
"comment_text": [
"I've never seen positive camber. Ever.. and I would consider myself a car guy"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4y3v6a",
"comment_text": [
"Part of the reason is because a camber will make the car sit even lower. It moves the wheel out of the way of the wheel well.",
"Also some adjustable suspensions, such as airbags, can camber the wheels at its lowest position. When it goes to a more standard height, the wheels will go closer to a zero camber."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4y4yeh",
"comment_text": [
"Oh I see thanks. It just puzzled me that they use a lot of positive camber instead of negative camber. I thought that angle helped it bounce or something lol. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4y6js5",
"comment_text": [
"It might have something to do with it, but I'm not completely certain. It could be the case with the extreme ones where the tops of the wheel are completely outside the well allowing it to go much lower on the landing than with zero or even negative camber. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4y702n",
"comment_text": [
"You mean the tops of the wheel are on the inside and the bottom and are way out?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
Eli5: The whole Overwatch competitive debacle...how does the 'sudden death' work and what the problem is.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4r46cz
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.57
|
[deleted]
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4y665h",
"comment_text": [
"ELI5 version: some players who are losing a match have figured out a way to crash the Overwatch server they happen to be connected to, meaning that their loss is not registered. Now that the publisher knows about this, a fix is on the way. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4yama3",
"comment_text": [
"So say you're playing on a match and you're on attack first. You capture the points and win. It takes you about 3 minutes. Now you're on defense, and the enemy team does the same- they capture the points and win. It takes them about 4 minutes.",
"So you're team clearly did better. However, because you both captured the points, you now go into sudden death. Because you both did well on the attacking side, it means that chances are, whoever is put on the attacking side is going to win. The enemy team gets the attacking side. You have to do extremely good in comparison to the enemy team all of a sudden in order to win. Basically, you're screwed out of a win which you deserved because you played better.",
"While Blizzard thinks that it's possible to tune this sudden death imbalance, they are also trying to simply lower the amount that sudden death happens. Sudden death should only happen in the case that both teams are ridiculously close in skill. So, they made two changes. The first is that matches are now shorter, making it harder for teams to finish in the first place. This means sudden death happens less. The second is that sudden death is now shorter by 1/8, which means the defending side has to defend less, trying to help balance it. Another reason they tried this is because it's super easy to implement, and if it doesn't work, super easy to take out."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4ybi75",
"comment_text": [
"That's what they do for the escort missions (where you push the stuff). It's called time bank, and what it does is it remembers the amount of time you had left when you finished pushing the cart. At the end, they give you that much time, and see how far you can push the cart in that time. Then, they do the same with the enemy team, with how much time they had left. It clearly favors whichever team did better, while still allowing the worse performing team to come back.",
"They are, furthermore, removing sudden death. I assume they will replace it with either a more balanced system or a system similar to the time bank.",
"Edit: A bit of misinformation. The time bank system is what they currently use for Assault matches (simply capturing the points). They are going to remove sudden death and implement time bank for Escort matches and hybrid matches (where you capture a point and then push something)."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4y6hvh",
"comment_text": [
"Ive heard about all that but what im more concerned with is the sudden death, to me it seems normal but for the players its not?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4y6vts",
"comment_text": [
"I don't know, you might be better checking out what's being said on ",
"/r/overwatch",
". "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: What's a "Mark" in pro wrestling?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4r9xig
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 1
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4zkz1e",
"comment_text": [
"Sometimes a fan who understands the reality of pro wrestling will still \"mark out\" when a wrestler pulls off a crazy move meaning that the stunt was so exciting that it made them forget for a second that it's all a staged performance."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4zkz1e",
"comment_text": [
"Sometimes a fan who understands the reality of pro wrestling will still \"mark out\" when a wrestler pulls off a crazy move meaning that the stunt was so exciting that it made them forget for a second that it's all a staged performance."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d524iki",
"comment_text": [
"No. Pro wrestlers call marks to make the moves work perfectly."
],
"score": 0
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d524iki",
"comment_text": [
"No. Pro wrestlers call marks to make the moves work perfectly."
],
"score": 0
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4ze5u1",
"comment_text": [
"It's a spot each of the wrestlers need to hit to make the move work and look fluid. They'll call whatever particular move, or mark, to help keep each other on the same page. like dancers hot spots to keep the dance going."
],
"score": -5
}
|
|
ELI5. How come there are no longer any popular all girl rock n' roll bands like there were in the 80's?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4r0950
| 10
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.68
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4xa5kt",
"comment_text": [
"There aren't popular rock bands ",
" anymore. Not to the extent of the 80s and 90s. ",
"There are plenty of all girl rock bands still, and more new ones surfacing. Deap Vally just came on the scene and they rock. Also check out Nervosa."
],
"score": 15
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4x9zma",
"comment_text": [
"To be honest, there aren't any ",
" rock'n'roll bands that are even remotely ",
" to being as popular as rock was in the '80s and '90s. Guns'n'Roses were the last big rock band (sad, I know). No contemporary rock band is nearly as popular as they were. ",
"Nowadays it's manufactured overproduced music that rules the charts, and there are ",
" of female acts at the top. ",
"There are also lots of Girl Bands that are popular in other parts of the world. Japan, for example, is pretty big on those. And there are many Girl Bands popular in the UK which you've likely never heard of, for which I envy you greatly. "
],
"score": 14
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4xcwcw",
"comment_text": [
"I'm more of a Punk/Pop Punk kind of guy and none of these are \"popular\" but off the top of my head I can think of Cayetana as all-female and Chumped, Milk Teeth, The Lippies, and Thin Lips as having female leads if you are looking for suggestions."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4xd4wi",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"ELI5 is for requests for explanations to complex conceptual questions.",
"detailed rules",
"."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4xd7jn",
"comment_text": [
"HAIM was the penultimate act one night during Boston Calling, on the same days as Courtney Barnett and Janelle Monae, and another band called Lady Pills played as well (all female). I recently backed the new album by The Birthday Massacre. I passed up the chance to see Myrkur and Chelsea Wolfe recently, and I'm bummed :(",
"So, to be clear, women are present in music and they're killing it. For some reason I was listening to ",
"All I Ever Wanted",
" by Kittie last night after like, ten years.",
"But even compared to a lot of other acts, there aren't any big bands like there used to be. Even all male acts are still on a relative decline. Music doesn't go away. Once an album is out, even if the band breaks up, that music is still around. The bands you see touring are the ones being promoted, and the industry as a whole is in a different state than it was in the 80s and 90s, even 00s."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: Why do humans need to learn how to swim while many other mammals seem to instinctively know how?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4qx6l5
| 46
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.71
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4wkfrt",
"comment_text": [
"Humans also instinctively know how to swim. It's just that we're too smart to realize it and start fumbling and panicking like crazy in water, instead of letting basic instincts kick in. Nobody ever taught me how to tread water and stay afloat for example, but I sure know how to do it!"
],
"score": 40
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4wl1l8",
"comment_text": [
"We do know how to swim, it's just that basic instinctive way is not very efficient, compared to the swimming styles we developed by ... Well... Being smart and knowing stuff like physics."
],
"score": 14
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4wks5z",
"comment_text": [
"Also, babies naturally hold their breath when water hits their face."
],
"score": 12
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4wmhf1",
"comment_text": [
"Applying knowledge across reddit posts like a boss "
],
"score": 10
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4wp22n",
"comment_text": [
"I grew up in the 80s in the rural southern US. Myself, and many people I know were taught how to swim by basically being thrown into a body of water. When you're young, instincts kick in. It may seem cruel, but it's also how most of the older generations learned how to swim, and there were people around that could save you if it really went bad, but it never did. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5: Why do people go diving with a snorkel that is not hooked up to any oxygen tank?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4quxrd
| 8
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.58
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4w2u8g",
"comment_text": [
"With a snorkel you can swim with your face in the water, checking out all the fishies and coral and still being able to breathe just fine. This is when you're at the surface of course. Snorkelers sometimes dive deeper, and the snorkel fills with water and they hold their breath. Then they return to the surface and blow the water out of the tube and continue breather, but they never have to actually surface with their face above water. What you're seeing is temporary. They only dive under the surface for a few seconds at a time for a photo op or something, for most of the time they are using the snorkel as intended."
],
"score": 18
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4w2u1u",
"comment_text": [
"You scout from the surface of the water with the snorkel, then when you see something you take a breath and dive down to check out what you saw. That way you dont have to hold your breath to scout and search."
],
"score": 7
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4w3rdu",
"comment_text": [
"You scout from the surface of the water with the snorkel, then when you see something you take a breath and dive down to check out what you saw",
"That's certainly true but perhaps conveys the wrong impression. The \"scouting\" is really mostly \"observing\" and an end activity in itself. My ratio of surface to diving is probably 25:1 and that's pretty much what I see others doing."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4w5wyu",
"comment_text": [
"The snorkel is to \"surface swim\" back to the boat after you surface from diving. If you descend from a boat and then swim around for 45 min or so underwater with your scuba tank. When you surface you could be 100's of yards from the boat and because you have all the diving gear on you can't really swim and hold your face out of the water so you need a snorkel. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4w683h",
"comment_text": [
"Other posters are right in general, but an additional piece of information is that it's just easier to swim with your face in the water. This is why SCUBA divers have a snorkle (see ",
"/u/denver989",
"'s comment), and why someone else might want one. Even if they planned on spending most of their time diving down, being on the surface floating/lazily swimming is much easier than keeping one's head above water."
],
"score": 3
}
|
|
ELI5: Why do songs seem to lose their appeal once you've read the lyrics?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4qsb0t
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.5
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4vfi4b",
"comment_text": [
"Is there a neurological explanation for this?",
"I don't think so, because not everyone loses interest in a song once they've read the lyrics. I love reading the lyrics so that I can sing along. I still recall lyrics I read from the liner notes in cassette tape cases back in the early 90s. ",
"This is your opinion, not a fact that's true for everyone. "
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4vg04l",
"comment_text": [
"Can confirm. Unless the lyrics are ",
" bad, I enjoy a song more after knowing them."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4vgegp",
"comment_text": [
"Exactly. The lyrics tell the story. Learn enough lyrics, you can do mashups for hours playing the same song! ",
"Here's a great example."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4vg1br",
"comment_text": [
"These threads",
" may help."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4vodex",
"comment_text": [
"Thanks!"
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: How does Reddit News censorship work and what is being done about it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
4qrk2q
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 1
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4v9k00",
"comment_text": [
"Because there isn't anything wrong being done. Reddit isn't the government, it can.. and has... censored whatever the hell it wants.",
"They could absolutely ban you for no reason what so ever... and there is exactly fuck all you can do about it. They can delete ",
"/r/the_donald",
" and swamp the site with pro-Hillary propaganda... and it is 100% legal.",
"Granted Reddit benefits from ",
" doing any of that... since their whole model depends on a large volume of people... but that doesn't change the fact that the moderators and admins are free to do basically whatever they want."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4v9m6b",
"comment_text": [
"Who said anything about wrong or illegal?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4v9nu5",
"comment_text": [
"Based on your question, I made the assumption that was where you were looking.",
"Specifically \"what is being done to correct this\" implies that you believe that it must be corrected... except that it doesn't."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4vacbg",
"comment_text": [
"Assumptions are tricky things."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_d4v9nux",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"ELI5 is for requests for explanations to complex conceptual questions.",
"detailed rules",
"."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: What is the easiest way to make $1,000 - $5,000 per day?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62odps
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.38
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfo3t1b",
"comment_text": [
"Find a job that pays between $125 and $625 an hour. For an 8-hour day that fits the bill.",
"Before the Y2K bubble burst, that's what I was paid for software consulting. Now a little less, but in other parts of the country, or with some special skills or clients you could make that still today."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfo391i",
"comment_text": [
"You could donate a kidney, but if you tried to do it twice you'd die. Not sure what your definition of \"easy\" is. For your part you'd just get drugged up in a hospital and kinda lay there."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfo3cp0",
"comment_text": [
"Major professional sports. The minimum contract for a rookie in the NFL is 420,000. Granted that's paid over the course of 17 weeks, but divided by 365 days a year it's about 1,150 a day."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfo3e65",
"comment_text": [
"If there was an easy, consistent, legal way to make that kind of money, why would anyone work a normal job? Ignorance? "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfo3zj3",
"comment_text": [
"No one said it had to be legal..."
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5: How do people find seemingly impossible Easter eggs in games?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62m3je
| 3
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.65
|
I've seen countless videos of easter eggs in games. But I always get puzzled by how in-depth and secretive they are. How would a person be able to find such easter eggs? I.E. games with long input codes, and long tasks to get to the actual easter egg.
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfnm5hw",
"comment_text": [
"They sometimes find them by accident, but in most cases they look at the code that makes the game work and find something in the code that makes no sense. For example...",
"Let's say that you are looking at a code for a shooting game. You are looking at the names of the guns and you say \"BFG\" in the names, but have never found that gun. So you keep looking around for other places where it makes a reference to BFG. You may come across something that says \"push button sequence: 1356, release BFG\" so you do more investigation to see what push button sequence means and what it is referring to. Eventually you put all the pieces together and figure out how to get the BFG through the series of events."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfnl8z5",
"comment_text": [
"Sometimes people spend years, or more likely millions of people each spend a few hours collectively. You can also take a game apart at the level of its code, and examine it for things that stand out. Usually something like an easter egg will be marked it some way too. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfnnhlu",
"comment_text": [
"such is the case for super mario brothers. consider the game was released in 1985. people are STILL finding different ways of glitching or doing legitmate speed runs. ",
"http://www.speedrun.com/smb1"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfnnip0",
"comment_text": [
"That's so fucking cool. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfpwcnf",
"comment_text": [
"In some cases, like batman Arkham asylum, the developers will tell people about an Easter egg if it has been hidden a little too well"
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: Why do some states require members of the public to witness capital punishment?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62o14v
| 2
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.67
|
I just heard a story on NPR that said some states (Arkansas in particular for this story) requires 6 members of the general public to witness lethal injections. What's the point of this requirement?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfo0see",
"comment_text": [
"It's to make sure that the public knows that the execution is being done humanely and legally, following all of the procedures and laws necessary.",
"It's part of the social contract - we give our government specific powers, and they're supposed to earn our trust that they aren't abusing those powers. If we voted to allow capital punishment, it wouldn't be hard for a prison to just shoot a guy and bury him, but people have made sure that it's done only under very specific conditions, and the government wants people to see that they're holding up their end of the deal.",
"According to this article",
" they're having some trouble, because not a lot of people actually want to watch that happen. It seems like a strange requirement to me, but I can't deny that it's very transparent."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfo14ps",
"comment_text": [
"So there will objective witnesses to the event.",
"A vindictive prison warden could look the other way while a prisoner was tortured to death. Or friends of the executed could claim such a thing occurred. Putting people there other than the condemned and prison employees allows them to tell the story of what really happened. Putting six makes it harder for any one to lie."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfo0lck",
"comment_text": [
"Probably to make sure it's done properly and humanely. I have no idea otherwise since I didn't even know it was required."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfo0s6j",
"comment_text": [
"I suppose that's implied, but what makes someone sitting in a separate room more qualified than the medical professional to determine it has been done correctly?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfo2z01",
"comment_text": [
"I'd assume that any medical professionals involved would be prison doctors, or at least that they'd be paid by the state. So from a public trust perspective, state employees don't quite fit the bill - there could always be corruption, bribery, etc.",
"Members of the public who aren't being paid (I believe they aren't, at least) and who volunteered to witness help to avoid any corruption allegations. Sure, they couldn't tell you if everything had been done correct from a medical perspective, but if there were any obvious signs of cruelty, pain, or whatever, they'd be able to blow the whistle."
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5 from a legal/financial standpoint, what actually happens once you are married?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62hz15
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.57
|
[deleted]
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmpdzb",
"comment_text": [
"You're no longer able to file your taxes in the single bracket. Instead you file jointly, or in the married filing Seperate category. The person who is now your spouse is allowed to make decisions for you if you're incapacitated. Once I got married my wife could decide to pull me off life support. Prior to that only mom or dad could make that decision."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfnmz9n",
"comment_text": [
"Once I got married my wife could decide to pull me off life support.",
"only if you let her keep that power - you can have an advanced directive that says only the one true king of Spain is allowed to make that choice."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmp8yj",
"comment_text": [
"Your marriage is registered at the government records off in the place where you reside. City, county, state, whatever. That's all. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmpmbu",
"comment_text": [
"Once your marriage is registered, you can access a bunch of legal privileges, depending on where you live. You may be able to file taxes jointly, meaning the government treats you as one \"person\" for tax purposes. This can save some couples money. ",
"Your spouse may also have automatic power of attorney, meaning they can make decisions for you if you are incapacitated in some way (due to injury or illness, perhaps). They may also have privileges that make it easier for them to inherit anything you owned together, if you die.",
"Some companies also offer special benefits to the spouses of employees, like health insurance coverage or special perks.",
"One important legal aspect of marriage is that married couples cannot be compelled to provide testimony about each other. This stems from the legal understanding of a married couple as a single \"person\". ",
"Not much changes on a day-to-day basis, but you have a few more options open to you and a few more responsibilities."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmr749",
"comment_text": [
"You typically only save on taxes if there is a big disparity in income between the couple, or one is a stay at home parent. If you have somewhat even incomes (same tax bracket) then there aren't any tax benefits."
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: Why is Russia involving themselves in so many foreign elections?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62hd3d
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.44
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmkt1o",
"comment_text": [
"A strategic move for more authority in Europe and around the world. NATO is seen as an encroaching threat, if Putin can cause chaos and weaken NATO in any way, it is good for him. If he can get the USA's sanctions removed, Russia (Putin and the oligarchs) will make a ton of money.",
"Read up on Putin's rise to power, how their government works, and the USA's 2014 sanctions for the annexation of Chrimea. "
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmlbfj",
"comment_text": [
"Essentially, it is cheaper and easier to get people elected who will be friendly to you than it is to butt heads with someone unfriendly. Ounce of prevention idea."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmmz7y",
"comment_text": [
"That is what country with enough power are doing. They try to interfere with situations in other countries to get more influence in the world. They support their sympathizers and try to disadvantage their opponents so they can have benefits in foreign politic. This is most visible at the time of the election as it can have the biggest impact. It is not like the Russians are the only one that are doing it. It just got lot publicity during the late elections in USA. If you look into the world situations recent or old you will see countries supporting or getting against current/potential leaders based on alignment with their own interests."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmkxm2",
"comment_text": [
"Will do! Thanks for the info, now i have a starting point to begin googling."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfn5hil",
"comment_text": [
"This question and these comments really have me wondering if I am living in some strange strange parallel universe."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: What's the difference between gardening and farming?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62h2k8
| 5
|
Other
| true
| false
| 1
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmhhm7",
"comment_text": [
"gar·den·ing",
"noun\nthe activity of tending and cultivating a garden, especially as a pastime.",
"farm·ing",
"noun\nthe activity or business of growing crops and raising livestock",
"Yes this is copied and pasted from Google but it sums it up quite nicely.",
"Gardening tends to be a pasttime while farming is for growing food on a larger scale albeit just for a family or a larger audience."
],
"score": 7
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmjm80",
"comment_text": [
"I think intent is a big part of it, too. A garden is usually more for aesthetic appeal, a hobby, and maybe a small amount of supplemental food (such as an herb garden or growing some radishes in the backyard).",
"A farm is larger and usually for profit, yes, but the intent of a farm is entirely on production."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfn4d5c",
"comment_text": [
"Scale. ",
"If it's under an acre, it's a garden. ",
"If it's larger than that you are going to start needing serious equipment. In the old days, when combines didn't cost $500,000.00, laypeople would farm several acres as a hobby, and they were often called \"gentlemen farmers.\""
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmhiz2",
"comment_text": [
"Raising livestock is ranching, at least here in Texas. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmklbm",
"comment_text": [
"It is also still farming though"
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: Russian intervention in the 2016 election
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62f4oe
| 3
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.8
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfm5ciu",
"comment_text": [
"Citation needed."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfm8xik",
"comment_text": [
"For some reason, political questions seem to get absolutely ",
" responses on this sub.",
"The fact is, there is an overwhelming consensus among the various intelligence departments across the US (CIA, FBI, etc.) that Russia participated in a campaign of disinformation during the 2016 election. Right now on CSPAN there is a hearing going on about this exact issue (it may be over by now but I'm sure there's sites where you can watch recordings of it - maybe YouTube)."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfm9b99",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"ELI5 is not for:",
"Recent/current events - Because things in the news are fast changing and the whole story is often not available, it is difficult to explain many current events fully, and objectively. ",
"/r/outoftheloop",
"detailed rules",
"."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfmc2rx",
"comment_text": [
"My apologies, I will attempt not to break these rules again "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfm50lb",
"comment_text": [
"Think about it like this. The previous admin spied on Trump for 2 years+ if all the dirt they had on him was released during the election year, then he really is a near immaculate man and no evidence of a russia was dropped about him.",
"Hillary's issues were 1,000,000 times far worsethat the media wouldn't even tell you about them."
],
"score": 0
}
|
|
ELI5: Why is the 'QWERTY' keyboard not arranged in alphabetical order?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62dzn3
| 4
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.71
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflqg4g",
"comment_text": [
"The QWERTY layout originated with typewriters. They had mechanical arms which would swing up to place ink on the page. If two adjacent arms were hit in quick succession, there was a chance they would catch on each other and jam. So the layout was made to reduce the frequency of two adjacent arms being required while typing."
],
"score": 7
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflrcgl",
"comment_text": [
"The answer everyone is giving you about the keys being designed to deliberately slow the typist down to keep the machine from jamming is a (very widely believed) myth.",
"There were issues with jamming in the earliest typewriter designs (along with a lot of other weird mechanical awkwardness like typing on the bottom of the platen so you couldn't see what you were doing). But those were pretty quickly worked out. There was always ",
" risk of jamming up the machine if you got too fast, but it was mostly a solved problem well before the wide array of different keyboard layouts got standardized to QWERTY.",
"Here's a pretty detailed look at the evolutionary process."
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflqh6o",
"comment_text": [
"Typewriters would malfunction if two keys next to each other were pressed in quick succession. To combat this designers made the qwerty arrangement to try and make the most used words not have keys next to each other. Its whole design is to handicap the writer, to mitigate a technological error."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflqf12",
"comment_text": [
"The QWERTY keyboard originated as a typewriter keyboard. The letters are put to reduce the risk of two typewriter... things hitting each other, which is why the most used letters are at different sides of the keyboard."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflqoj3",
"comment_text": [
"interesting to see these responses about the typewriter. i was always told that the keyboard was laid out to make it easier to access the more commonly used letters (when typing properly at least). which can explain why Q Z X C V are in awkwardly positioned spots. and you have the common letters being able to be reached more naturally and comfortably. ",
"perhaps it's a bit of both? "
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: North Carolina's bathroom situation
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62duvq
| 2
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.61
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflpfk6",
"comment_text": [
"Conservative politicians are trying to deny people the right to use the restroom assigned to the gender they identify with.",
"Edit: It's pretty simple and shouldn't be an issue, and never was until conservative politicians needed a replacement for the gay marriage issue."
],
"score": 7
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflprg6",
"comment_text": [
"This"
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflr3q2",
"comment_text": [
"The city council of Charlotte NC passed a local law saying that people could not be discriminated on the basis of sexuality in Charlotte. There's no similar law at the state level. ",
"In response, the NC State legislature passed a law that basically disallowed local governments from passing such a law and it specifically said that people must use the bathroom according to the sex listed on their birth certificate.",
"That led to a lot of outrage because it's a much stricter requirement than pretty much anywhere "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflswi1",
"comment_text": [
"It should be noted that the reasoning of supporters of HB2 is that this is a way for sexual predators to \"sexually assault and peep on our wives and daughters in the bathroom\". As a resident of NC, I'm pretty ashamed of our politicians and their handling of the issue, as are most of the people I know. I've only spoken to one person that thinks HB2 was reasonable. ",
"What many of the people that support HB2 seem to overlook is that men and women have been using the same bathrooms for years now...even more surprising: it has been happening ",
"!!!! Scandal!! Outrage!!! Blasphemy!!!"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflu4e0",
"comment_text": [
"Have there been any attempts to actually enforce the law? "
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5 why do people use travel agents?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62bf35
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.43
|
It seems like this occupation would be obsolete with the internet being a real thing. Can someone explain why it isn't?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfl8ina",
"comment_text": [
"If all you want to do is fly from one major city in your country to another major city and get the absolute lowest price, you can do that without any major problems by searching shit online. The industry reflects this, with there being half as many agents today as there was at the industry's peak in 2000.",
"If you want to fly from the US to some backwater in Vietnam, having an agent could be useful. If you want to have a multi-leg tour that hits a half dozen cities & need everything to line up, they're still important. If you want somebody to help you actually plan a vacation because you don't know where you're going or what to do, an agent is still useful. If you're a business traveler & don't have time to plan everything out yourself, let your company pay for the agent.",
"Plenty of reasons they're still around - they might just not be of interest to you."
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfl8l1a",
"comment_text": [
"I work for Fortune 500 company and we have our travel liaisons who work with travel agencies to book large trips. We have a trip for 40 sales reps every spring and we have our travel agent fight to get us a good deal on an exotic resort. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfl8hfh",
"comment_text": [
"Convenience. While the profession isn't nearly as useful as it once was, it takes time to do it yourself and some people like to just give money to someone else to map out a vacation and make all the arrangements."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfl8i8i",
"comment_text": [
"Sometimes travel agents have special travel packages that you won't find online.",
"Many people are still not comfortable buying stuff online, so they trust an agent to organise stuff. e.g. older people.",
"Sometimes people like good customer attendance, agents can provide advice that otherwise people wouldn't think about. ",
"This is probably more common for people that don't travel often, so they don't really know what websites to look at and prefer the advice of an agent."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfl8lpr",
"comment_text": [
"People still like talking with other people about things. Not everyone is internet savvy. In fact, the people with the most money in the USA are generally pretty old and not computer literate. You might not be old enough to remember, but it actually took a long time for people to fully trust ATM machines decades ago. We still have bank tellers to this day. We also still have waiters, cashiers and other jobs that could easily be replaced by machines. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
ELI5: Why are identification cards so controversial for Americans?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62dnnp
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.55
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflnp1h",
"comment_text": [
"There ",
" state-issued photo ID cards for general purposes. But they were introduced ",
" driver's licenses, so almost the only people who apply for them are people who don't have driver's licenses."
],
"score": 10
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflo3ym",
"comment_text": [
"In case you get arrested",
"How would that benefit me?",
"In case you die in a disfigured way and there's no dental records of you",
"Hardly seems like my problem.",
"I don't pose these questions to argue, but rather to answer your question by way of illustration. A lot of people are anti-government. They don't ",
" to have identifying records with the government, and a national ID system just seems like a way to expand government power and control over people. If the government issues an ID, and establishes requirements for that ID, then they can control people based on who can and cannot get an idea.",
"A surprisingly large portion of the population live miles away from government institutions and rarely interact with the government at all. Think about rural farmers who have to travel miles to just to see their neighbor.",
"The fear of having to prove themselves if arrested is bizarre to such people. They have minimal interaction with the government to begin with, why would the police come bothering them? If they do, the local police probably already know people by face, because it's a local sheriff working a town of 100 people.",
"If they die, then identification isn't an issue. Everyone knows who you are. If they can't identify the remains, you just take a head count and use process of elimination. \"We have a body with no head and Bob has been missing for a week. It's Bob.\""
],
"score": 8
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflo953",
"comment_text": [
"To get a job, to cash a check, to open a bank account, to verify signature on credit card, to enter a government building, to enter a courthouse, to fly on a plane, to obtain medical care, to buy a car, to drive a car, to take out a loan, to buy a home, to enter into a lease, to get married, to get divorced, etc. "
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflnsn1",
"comment_text": [
"how are you supposed to prove that you are you?",
"Why do I need to prove that I am who I am?"
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dflodz7",
"comment_text": [
"There's opposition to a mandatory ",
" ID card & mandatory ",
" requirements for what states put on an ID card. There's also opposition to requiring ID for voting.",
"Nobody (other than maybe some fringe lunatics) is against the general idea of ID cards issued by the states."
],
"score": 4
}
|
|
ELI5: What's the difference between what congress did yesterday to sell your browser history and what yahoo/google/Facebook was already doing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62845s
| 8
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.9
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfkihn1",
"comment_text": [
"You can control what you give to those sites.\nYou can't control what you give to your ISP because they are your gateway to the net. "
],
"score": 7
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfkii5m",
"comment_text": [
"You don't have to use Google/Facebook. You have to use an ISP to connect to the internet. It's unavoidable. "
],
"score": 7
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfkgj95",
"comment_text": [
"Long story short, now they don't have to tell you they're doing it and don't have as strict notification requirements if they get compromised and your information gets stolen. ",
"The official line is that we removed horrible, job-killimg regulations...."
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfkikbd",
"comment_text": [
"Also, you pay monthly for your internet connection, whereas Google, Facebook, etc., are free to users but paid with advertising dollars."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfkirnw",
"comment_text": [
"So everyone's livid about the absence of strict notification requirements?"
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5: Why are things always grouped in a number of bits that is a power of two?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
6285ru
| 2
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.67
|
Characters have 8 bits (2 values). Integers have 32 bits (2 values) or sometimes 64 bits (2 values). I don't see what mandates this? Why didn't we choose to save characters in 7 bits (2 values) or integers in 33 bits (2 values)
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfkiest",
"comment_text": [
"The answer lies in the binary representation. At the most basic level in computers, things are \"on\" or \"off\", 1 or 0. This means that with n digits you can represent 2",
" numbers (including 0). As for why it's grouped in 2, 4, 8, is just powers of 2",
" . Why does it fall into this pattern? Less logic at the base level. In order to read bits, you have to know the length you are looking for. If you have many different types of bit lengths, it makes it so for each time you have to read the bits, you have to check for certain lengths depending on the source. This is standardized this way. That's why sometimes it's important to distinguish if you have a 32-bit or 64-bit architecture in your computer: your computer has to know they amount of bits to read per instruction line.",
"Also, sometimes things are actually not in terms of 2",
" , but they're usually padded with extra values.",
"Edit: rereading your post, the understanding of how bits correspond to values seems to be a little off. 8 bits gets you 2",
" possible values that you can represent (from 255 to 0)."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfkxg0m",
"comment_text": [
"Something important to note is how memory is stored in a computer: as small chunks of bits. For most computers today (if not all) that chunk is 1 byte (8 bits) large. The reasons for it have to do with the popularity of ASCII, I'm not going to bother getting into the details. The important thing to note is that hardware got standardized to having byte-addressable memory, which means that when I want a chunk of memory, I give it a unique address (say, address #32), and it returns me 8 bits of memory. If I wanted to store something in 9 bits of memory, for whatever reason, I would have to get 2 memory addresses (#32 and #33, for example), each 8 bits long, and then waste the unused 7 bits from the second part (or if I want to be really clever I try and use them for something else). This is why we don't have 7 or 9 bit long things."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfkkj9q",
"comment_text": [
"At the hardware level, you have multiplexers guiding all the signals being processed. Those multiplexers are governed by transistors which can only have two states: on and off.",
"At a result, addressing those multiplexers only occurs in powers of 2. If you want to address with other boundaries, you end up wasting traces that go nowhere (because they lead into options that don't exist).",
"When you don't have this restriction - such as with purely serial data - you'll find all sorts of odd bit lengths. For example, even though a serial connection may involve '8 bits', it's actually more like 9 or 10 with various stop/parity signaling. So changing your 8-but-actually-11 signal into a 7-but-actually-10 signal is no big deal."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfkj0a0",
"comment_text": [
"I understand binary. I just don't understand how anything in the nature of binary makes it necessary/convenient to ONLY use blocks of size where the EXPONENT is a power of two.",
"That's kind of like only selling garages that are 10 square meters (10",
" 100 square meters (10",
" or 1000 square meters (10",
" Wouldn't you sometimes want a garage that is 40 square meters?",
"Wouldn't you sometimes want to store some things in, say, 6 bits? Or 7."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfkjw85",
"comment_text": [
"There used to be computers and data types that took non-2",
" instruction lengths. However, at a certain point, 2",
" became standard, especially after bytes became a well-known thing. It's much easier to design a system that can be broken down into well-known and easily-divisible amounts."
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5 : As an overweight male, why it's better for me to gain muscle via weights to lose weight than to do just cardio & reducing calorie intake
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62755n
| 23
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.94
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfk7ea5",
"comment_text": [
"It isn't. You should do weights and cardio and reduce caloric intake. Better yet do some intermittent fasting, cut out all sugar, drop carbs to around 100-150 grams per day, and increase good fat intake. If you can restrict all consumption of anything but water to a 10 hour period every day you will be even more successful. ",
"It's a synergistic effect. Larger muscles consume more energy which means less of your caloric intake gets stored as fat. "
],
"score": 17
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfk8q6x",
"comment_text": [
"You should do them all.",
"Reducing caloric input is crucial to losing weight. However most people don't just want to lose weight but become more physically fit and healthy, which cardiovascular exercise helps with. This focuses on improving your ability to drive oxygen into your blood, carbon dioxide out of your blood, and circulate that blood to all of your body efficiently. Such exercise improves the supply side of your metabolism of calories.",
"What building muscle does is increase the amount of tissue available to consume calories in volitional movement. It also is what most people think of when they imagine \"losing weight\" as if a muscled guy exists within every flabby guy. It isn't actually that way so building muscle is necessary, otherwise reduced caloric intake will turn a fat flabby guy into a thin flabby guy.",
"The order is this: Reduce caloric intake through adjustment to your diet. Cardio simply isn't going to burn enough energy to make up for poor eating habits so this change needs to happen first thing. Whatever change you make needs to be permanent so make it something you can cope with. No cutting out your favorite foods completely, just reduce what you eat now to a more reasonable total. Unless you have some dramatic nutrient deficiency you probably don't need to alter ",
" you eat, just ",
" you consume.",
"Also at this stage you should work on cardio exercise. This will feel bad because your lungs and heart are lazy bastards and protest at being worked. However this is the stage where progress will make you start to feel much better and result in the most dramatic health benefits on a daily basis. Progress is made quickly though and weight loss benefits are marginal so after a couple weeks you will just be maintaining fitness levels, not gaining much.",
"The next step is to lift weights and build muscle because now you have the lungs and heart to support them. Don't start pounding protein shakes, you aren't some body builder who needs them. Normal protein intake for a western diet is plenty. High weight and low reps builds muscle while high reps and low weight refine the efficiency of that muscle. I suggest first trying to build muscle mass as this provides the best visual benefits and increases the baseline calories required to maintain, further increasing the impact of your reduced caloric intake. However building enough muscle to consume a candy bar through baseline metabolism is far, far more difficult than just not eating it."
],
"score": 7
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfk8ybi",
"comment_text": [
"Can confirm. Stopped drinking pop, began to regularly exercise 3 days a week and became slightly more conscious about not eating garbage. Lost almost 20lbs in 6-7 weeks"
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfk9zzs",
"comment_text": [
"It isn't an either/or thing.",
"Strength training will increase your muscle mass, which will increase your metabolism, causing you to burn more calories all the time. The other benefit is it makes it easier to move and be more active...some people get so out of shape they have to work to get fit enough just to exercise normally.",
"But strength training itself doesn't burn many calories, that's cardio does.",
"Let's take a look at some completely made up numbers. If you weight 250 lbs., you are probably burning about 2500 calories a day just sitting still, which means if you eat that main, you at neither gaining or losing weight.",
"If you strength train, that might go up 5%, so now are burning 2625. If you do 30 minutes on the elliptical, that's about 500. And if you watch your diet, you could cut out another 500. So that is 1000 due to diet and exercise, vs. 125 from increases muscle mass."
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfka35j",
"comment_text": [
"It's far more important to change what you eat rather than how much. ",
"This is wrong. Changing eating 3500 calories a day of McDonalds into 3500 calories a day of cottage cheese and organic turkey-soy shakes is equally bad for losing weight.",
"People have been trying caloric reduction for decades and it's the major reason why people fail to lose weight.",
"Most people fail to lose weight from caloric reduction simply because they don't stick with the caloric reduction. They do this because of fad diets which try to completely change their habits and, surprise, people don't easily change. Given enough time people tend to like the same stuff they liked before and will tend to eat the same sorts of things they did before.",
"For someone to succeed at losing weight and keeping it off they need something which they stick with for a long time without a huge amount of exertion of willpower. Willpower is an effort, we shouldn't discount that and recognize that it can be consumed. If your weight control plan is predicated on being able to burn 1000 calories a day working your ass off at the gym it almost certainly isn't going to stand the test of time. On the other hand if your plan is mostly based on turning ordering double cheeseburgers into single cheeseburgers you probably are going to be able to maintain those changes without a problem, even if trouble at work or something makes you a bit weak on the discipline."
],
"score": 4
}
|
|
ELI5: When rivers carve canyons over time, was the river itself (nearly) as wide and deep as the canyon itself, or was the river similar in size as it is today, but simply dug itself lower and lower into the earth? (i.e. Colorado River - Grand Canyon & Virgin River - Zion)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
620c6k
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.66
|
[deleted]
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfio0tr",
"comment_text": [
"River size changes over time, but the Colorado was never as wide as the top of the grand canyon. As the river digs into the rock, the sides occasionally collapse into the canyon and are swept away by the water. Runoff from the surrounding plane down the walls also helps it erode."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfio2f0",
"comment_text": [
"River beds change quite a bit over time, so it is HIGHLY unlikely that the river has stayed the same size. This only answers half your question. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfio3aw",
"comment_text": [
"The canyon is ",
" wider than the river, because if the river digs a trench into the ground, the sides tend to cave in (leaving a wider canyon), and the river carries much of the debris away.",
"The rare exception is a ",
" Here, the canyon isn't wider than the river, because the rock is so strong it doesn't cave in. ",
"http://www.americansouthwest.net/slot_canyons/index.html"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfip045",
"comment_text": [
"You are correct, it's non-uniform. This is why some rivers contain deep (and/or wide) pools at certain points, and shallow/narrow rapids at other points. ",
"Here",
" is one fun example where extreme local erosion (due to a waterfall) has dug the river 30 feet deep, even though right upstream and right downstream it is ",
" shallower."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfipsdt",
"comment_text": [
"Neither. The terrain for the Colorado River at the Grand Canyon would have required the river to go UP & over a hill. Instead, the river was likely dammed up as a lake at one time. Thus the hill that kept the lake contained washed out & eroded VERY QUICKLY both wide & deep until the flow finally reduced to the flow of the river which itself varies w the seasonal snowmelt.",
"When Mt St Helens erupted, a canyon 1/3 the size of the Grand Canyon was cut within 2 HRS."
],
"score": 2
}
|
ELI5: What does it mean when an Internet Service Provider says the package includes "speeds up to 60 mbps"?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
62003g
| 5
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.66
|
Does this mean that speeds rarely get this high? What speed should I typically expect if they say it's 60 mbps?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfiq6vw",
"comment_text": [
"There are a couple possible factors here:",
"1) Line conditions: This is especially true if your connection uses some flavor of DSL - the signal is sent over copper wire from a cabinet somewhere in the area. Copper wires suffer from signal attenuation - the signal gets weaker the longer it needs to travel, because of energy dissipation, noise from radio interference, and so on. So the only way to get very high speeds over copper is to be as close as possible to the distribution point (under 500m for speeds over 100Mbps). This isn't as big a deal with fiber connections, which aren't impacted by radio waves at all, though there could still be problems because of improperly joined fibers. (Fiber can easily go 20-40 km from the distribution point)",
"2) Other users: If you trace your connection upstream to the local box or closet, you would see that all the people served by that box are sharing a single high speed connection that goes back to the rest of the network. Now, most people don't use all the bandwidth allotted to them all the time, so the provider will spread that one uplink with as many people as they reasonably can. If the ISP has a 2.2Gbps uplink at the closet, they could offer 1Gbps services to many subscribers - since most of them will not need those speeds constantly, the speed is still probably there whenever you want to use it.",
"For the most part, the only time you will use your full connection is when you run a speedtest, or download a large file (like a game). But at these speeds, even a 25-50GB game is downloaded in a couple minutes. Streaming video is another big data user, but not really ",
" big. An HD stream uses 5-8Mbps, so even if you have, say, 60 households sharing that 2.2Gbps pipe and watching HD netflix, that's only 480 Mbps of the pipe, under 1/4 of the total capacity.",
"TLDR: There are two reasons that might impact your connection speeds: Type of connection + line quality, and many users sharing one big connection."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfimmy1",
"comment_text": [
"That depends on the provider. I get almost exactly the speeds that my ISP claim."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfilh8m",
"comment_text": [
"If your internet connection uses copper wires leading to an outside cabinet - which most do - then the max speed you can get is limited by the quality of those wires and how long they are. If you're a long way from a cabinet, your speed could be a fraction of the speeds quoted in sales materials. If you talk to a salesperson, s/he should be able to give you a rough idea of what you could actually get, but it can still vary. ",
"(This is based on experience working for a VDSL Internet provider, but it applies to \"cable\" providers too. The physical copper line really has the final say - if it can't handle a high speed, no amount of complaining will change that.)"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfil0uz",
"comment_text": [
"It has no clear meaning. They are avoiding being clear. It probably means that you ",
" see speeds of 60 mbps under ideal conditions, but don't count on it."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfil33e",
"comment_text": [
"it means just that. you'll top out at 60mbps. your actual speed could be 10mbps. or 40mbps. or 59.95mbps. that all depends on your location and your neighbors since it's a shared line that connects you to the central office. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: Why does it "hurt" when you swing at a baseball but miss?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61z90u
| 18
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.66
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfifes2",
"comment_text": [
"Basically your brain analyses from past experience how much force you need to swing with to hit the ball, and usually goes overboard because you want to hit it hard. If you're just swinging in the air without an aim to hit anything, you're using less force. ",
"Not connecting with the ball means the bat has excess force from the energy you put into it, making it swing further than expected because the force hasn't been transferred to the ball, and overextending or otherwise stretching our muscles which causes the pain."
],
"score": 14
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfihror",
"comment_text": [
"Thanks. I was playing Wiffleball in gym and I missed a ball and hurt it so I was like \"huh, why does that feel like that?\""
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfifpk0",
"comment_text": [
"The \"hook of the hamate\" is a bone at the base of your palm, opposite side of your thumb. If you swing a bat and miss the ball, the bat will continue to rotate within your grip. The handle of the bat will dig into the hook of the hamate, sending that electrical vibration feeling up your arm."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfin0x9",
"comment_text": [
"Swinging a baseball bat generates a good bit of force, and a baseball moving towards you at 90 MPH has a good bit of force behind it. When they connect two things happen: the baseball transfers its momentum into the bat and the bat transfers its momentum into the ball. The bat is heavier than the ball and is anchored to your even heavier body, so the ball loses, its momentum is absorbed into the bat and your muscles, and the ball gets taken wherever the bat goes. It then flies away with a portion of the bat's momentum propelling it. ",
"When you swing and miss, none of that interaction happens. The ball and bat don't cancel any of each other's momentum out, the ball doesn't take off with a chunk of the bat's momentum with it, but your arms, shoulders and core muscles still have to do the job of slowing the object they're swinging down. So, swinging at a baseball you're intending to hit and missing is putting more stress on your body than making contact with the ball."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfjk3xm",
"comment_text": [
"Well, it didn't usually hurt me when I swung and missed, but certainly it feels more awkward. I suspect it is because your body was prepared for some resistance from the ball and counted on that resistance to avoid hyperextension of your limbs/muscles/tendons, but then when the ball resistance did not come, your limbs, muscles and tendons extended or stretched a bit more than planned. Kind of like Charlie Brown trying to kick the football but Lucy pulling it back -- his knee would get hyperextended a bit and his body flipped around because he kicked with force assuming a certain amount of push-back from the ball that never came."
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5:Why is it that villains of fiction and history are more remembered than heroes? I.e. People remember Hitler and Darth Vader but not Churchill or Luke Skywalker
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61y58t
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.22
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi8t8t",
"comment_text": [
"Is it really true though? You obviously know both and I'd argue so do a majority of people.",
"Do you know James Bond? Yes, so who are his main villains, who was the villain in the second Daniel Craig Bond?",
"People do not remember villains over heroes, they remember interesting and influential characters/people over those that aren't.",
"Arguably Darth Vader is a more interesting figure with an iconic and unusual look. Therefore he was most often picked to represent the Star Wars franchise and is therefore more widely known than Luke, who is arguably a less interesting character.",
"Conversely Churchill was quite interesting and he is still very widely known, even outside the context of Hitler. However while Hitler has been made an iconic figure of evil, Churchill has not been made to be so outstanding in part because he was just one of many leading politicians that took part in defeating Hitler.",
"Why should Churchill be more well known to an American than Roosevelt or Eisenhower, or more well known to a Russian than Stalin?"
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi831v",
"comment_text": [
"Heroes exist when the story is over. Villains exist when the story begins. ",
"Which is to say, stories of heroism tend to be stories of people who face serious odds and adversity and succeed. The very nature that they're up against serious odds though is the possibility they don't succeed. In reality how many would-be heroes are forgotten because no one was around to tell their story and they weren't successful? But villains don't need to succeed. ",
"A villain is something to take note of whether they succeed or not. The self-interested person who's going to take your stuff or stab you in the back. They create danger that has to be faced whether the story ends in heroism or just meanders to no satisfying ending never to be told. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi7kxw",
"comment_text": [
"It is a greater advantage for a person to know who to avoid than it is to come to idolize others easily. ",
"The villains teach people to be cautious, the heroes teach people to be reckless. We remember the ones that are most useful to the realities of being human. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi7nm7",
"comment_text": [
"Huh. But wouldn't it be that if we gave more attention to the heroes as the villains, then we'd encourage people to do good, not evil?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi7vr1",
"comment_text": [
"It's more like \"do whatever you want, you don't have to be the hero, but never ever do this ",
"\""
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: Why do water bottles have flat bottoms but soft drink bottles have 5 pointed bottoms?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61yvy4
| 6
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.58
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfic4ro",
"comment_text": [
"Soft drink bottles have to stand up to pressure because of the carbonation. The 5 point bottoms are designed to hold the pressure better. A 5 point bottom isn't the only way, its just one way that works well and is in common use.",
"Bottled water is not carbonated so there is no need for a pointed bottom. A flat bottom uses less plastic, and holds up better in drop testing. (meanwhile soft drink bottles usually hold up just fine in drop testing, because the plastic is thick enough, but somebody making bottled water will often try to use less plastic.)"
],
"score": 14
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfic2p6",
"comment_text": [
"Because bottles of carbonated liquid are pressing outward, which would cause a flat bottom to bulge out, become rounded, and then wouldn't stand up right any more -- the five points make a steady base no matter how much pressure is inside.",
"Water bottles are not -- or at least ",
", don't drink a bulging water bottle! -- under internal pressure, so they have easier-to-manufacture flat bottoms."
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfidzmd",
"comment_text": [
"Yeah, that was done away with due to the push to recycle plastic bottles -- the two parts weren't made of the same kind of plastic, and had a glue holding them together, which made them difficult to recycle. The new style of bottles can be melted down without any additional steps to separate the parts."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfidzmd",
"comment_text": [
"Yeah, that was done away with due to the push to recycle plastic bottles -- the two parts weren't made of the same kind of plastic, and had a glue holding them together, which made them difficult to recycle. The new style of bottles can be melted down without any additional steps to separate the parts."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfj6q71",
"comment_text": [
"Glass is a better product. Beer/soft drinks in glass is more common because there are benefits. It will take longer to go flat, you can color the glass to protect the beer as well.",
"You could color plastic, but it makes it tougher to recycle. Beer is also often thought of as a premium product, and plastic feels cheap. Even cheap beer it much more expensive that bottled water. If you are making bottled water, your goal is to sell it cheap for the most part (although premium waters do exist. ",
"If you were selling beer in plastic, it wouldn't last as long, and I don't think as many people would buy it. (there are exceptions. Sporting events, for example often use plastic, since glass could be thrown and present a danger."
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5: why do animals hate the vacuum, even if it's not on?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61xjbx
| 7
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.77
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi3vgg",
"comment_text": [
"It is a very ",
" loud combination of sounds when you have sensitive hearing like a dog or cat. In addition, when you move it with your arm, it seems to be roaming around the room like some kind of dangerous hunting predator or monster."
],
"score": 8
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi6kqi",
"comment_text": [
"The same reason why you'd hate a big, noisy, dangerous looking and unpredictable machine.",
"Would you feel comfortable next to a huge robotic arm that could unpredictably turn around and punch you in the face? That's got to be more or less what a vacuum cleaner looks like to a cat. It's huge, and makes an awful noise at random. The suction doesn't help either."
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi3ewd",
"comment_text": [
"They don't until you turn it on for the first time around them and make that UNGODLY SOUND OH MY GOD RUN AWAY.",
"Then they know that the vacuum makes that sound. And so, they hate the object, too. "
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi6hh2",
"comment_text": [
"Can vouch for my cat, he never hisses but oh boy when that thing comes out it's fight or flight and that mother fucker fights with his voice. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi7tre",
"comment_text": [
"Animals don't understand the complex inner-workings of mankind's technology. As such, they do not know what triggers a vacuum or blender or other loud and scary object from becoming a loud and scary object. Additionally, there is some evidence that animals can have post traumatic stress disorder and that could cause animals to inherently fear objects like those from traumatic experiences in their past."
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5 Why are there never any design choices on a tattoo shop's website so you can think about what you wanna get, do they just expect people to just walk in and in a short amount of time choose something that's gonna be on you forever?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61ucr0
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.33
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfhbt7z",
"comment_text": [
"They expect you to come with an idea. That's why you check someone's portfolio, tell them what you want and have to trust them a little bit they will design something you will like, that's why you chose this particular person. \nUnless you just want something generic, I'm sure they have folders of generic stuff."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfhby75",
"comment_text": [
"Exactly the opposite - They expect you to put the thought into what you want to wear on your body for the rest of your life.",
"A tattoo should not be something you walk into without first thinking through what you want. You're not buying a candy bar, you're asking someone to permanently engrave a design into your skin."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfhbubr",
"comment_text": [
" for the good ones. For the shitty ones they rely on you being drunk and picking something off the wall or from a catalog. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfhdnox",
"comment_text": [
"Pretty sure it is illegal here to tattoo someone who is drunk."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfhbzf4",
"comment_text": [
"If you want a tattoo that means nothing to you, what does it matter of you see it online or at the shop?\nIf you want something personal you're going to have to work with an artist, give them a down payment, and come in later for your appointment if you don't have time for that day. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: why are some languages similar but different (I.e. Spanish and english)?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61s4ju
| 2
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.57
|
[deleted]
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgszau",
"comment_text": [
"Well Spanish is part of a group of languages known as the \"romance\" languages. Essentially, these are all languages that trace their history back to the Latin language. This is why languages like: Spanish, Italian, and French have so many similarities to them. ",
"English is not considered a romance language but takes a lot of influence from French and Latin, which explains the similarity of those other languages to English. "
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgtg19",
"comment_text": [
"Languages aren't static; they evolve over time. English and Spanish have evolved over thousands of years from the same base language, which linguists call \"Indo-European\". Many languages have branched off from that base language over time. English belongs to the Germanic branch; Spanish belongs to the Italic branch.",
"However, the main reason they feel similar is that English is a language that borrows vocabulary freely from other languages, and during its development, it has borrow particularly freely from Latin and French. Latin is the parent language of all Romance languages, like French and Spanish. ",
"If you look up Indo-European on Wikipedia, you'll find a lot more information."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgxh26",
"comment_text": [
"Thanks everyone! You guys have been super helpful!"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfh6w8c",
"comment_text": [
"English takes influence from pretty much everywhere. English likes to lurk in dark alleys and beat up other languages for loose grammar and spelling."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgswuh",
"comment_text": [
"Languages \"evolve\" just like humans. Latin started out as a language a few thousand years ago, and then groups of people who spoke Latin spread across Europe and were slowly changing the language along the way. eventually they were so separated from each other that portuguese, Spanish, etc arose and Latin died out. The same works for other languages. Btw English is a Germanic language, closer to German than to Spanish."
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: What is the freedom caucus?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61tn0b
| 3
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.67
|
[deleted]
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfh5n2t",
"comment_text": [
"There are many groups in the US Government that are like minded and tend to \"caucus\" together. ",
"Said Differently its a group of congress the meet to pursue common legislative objectives.",
"There are ones on all sorts of subjects from Farming, to military.",
"The Freedom caucus is a conservative one who aligned with the Tea party. Their Mission statement : We support open, accountable and limited government, the Constitution and the rule of law, and policies that promote the liberty, safety and prosperity of all Americans."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfh6zs8",
"comment_text": [
"That's pretty much a meaningless mission statement for a political group."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfh6qmj",
"comment_text": [
"There is a Crazy amount of these from",
"\"Long Rang Strike\" Caucus to the Black Caucus, and everything in between.",
"Friends of New Zealand, ski and snowbaord.",
"The List"
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfh5xvq",
"comment_text": [
"There is also the democratic freedom caucus .... which is a libertarian group."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfhah04",
"comment_text": [
"In Congress, lawmakers with common policy interests tend to band and vote together on issues of relevance to such policies. For example, the Congressional Black Caucus is a group of lawmakers that focuses on issues relevant to African-Americans. There are a shit ton of other caucuses.",
"The Freedom Caucus is a group of strong fiscal conservatives, most of which came to congress with the Tea Party wave of 2010."
],
"score": 2
}
|
ELI5: What are the patterns under shoes for?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61s49d
| 3
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.61
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgsu52",
"comment_text": [
"The pressure from your weight pushes the water from under your shoes increasing traction and grip"
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgspai",
"comment_text": [
"Grip. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgst20",
"comment_text": [
"Traction, a flat shoe would slide on smooth surfaces. Yes, you could make it out of rubber I guess - but then it would be heavy, and if it gets dusty or something you'd still slip. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgsuf0",
"comment_text": [
"Oh I see, thank you."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgstqv",
"comment_text": [
"The patterns can be used for several reasons. Some use them for decoration, and others are used for grip when running, like basketball shoes or cleats. Also, the way Nike created it's first bottom of it's shoes was waffle makers and plastic. Next time you see the bottom of a shoe, you'll see what I mean."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: How did the sword become so popular?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61wgqk
| 71
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.79
|
The sword (or some version of it) is everywhere. It's in video games, movies, books and throughout history it seems that the sword over most all other weapons retains some sort of use even after they become obsolete weapons of war. So how did the sword become so popular? Were there other weapons that were more popular in different periods of history for various purposes? Does the use of armor lessen the popularity of sword use?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfhv0tw",
"comment_text": [
"The sword is a side arm which meant that it could be carried in normal daily life, and it would often mark the wearer as landed gentry who might kill you for dishonoring him. Dueling with swords was popular long after the sword itself became obsolete. It was a status symbol for thousands of years and when things are symbols for that long it's hard to get over them.",
"As side arms go the sword is more or less perfect. Because the center of gravity is close to the hand the sword allows much freer and faster motion than other weapons such as the axe. One could argue that axe plus shield is about as good as sword plus shield but a lone sword would almost certainly defeat a lone axe.",
"Sword of course are not terribly useful against armor and that is why the main weapon in the middle ages would be pole arms. But you can't walk around town carrying a halberd. Swords could still be useful enough against most armor if you could use it as a lever or get into weak spots."
],
"score": 63
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfhvc0g",
"comment_text": [
"I'd also add that swords were far more expensive than axes or polearms which limited their use on the battlefield but just made them even more attractive as a gentleman's status symbol sidearm.",
"And that they require significantly more skill to use, which is another opportunity to show off."
],
"score": 11
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi7gd7",
"comment_text": [
"Cultural weapons relied on three things. First, to what they had access. To make metal weapons you need metal ores, the technology to smelt it, and the technology to shape it. Second, the defenses to which the enemy had access. And finally, ease of use. Typically, you use the easiest, most abundant, and most effective weapon. A sword can be made easily in large numbers from a variety of materials. Because of this, most civilizations that had access to smelting developed some variation of the sword. It is an easy to use weapon as you simply pick it up and swing. It could cut into cloth and less thick hides making it superior to most stone and blunt metal weapons. Additionally, remember that swords, daggers, nihontō, longswords, khopesh, jian, dha, and other variations are basically the same weapon: a hilt with a blade attached. It is not difficult to come up with that design. Even stone knives were made and most likely developed into what we know as a sword. ",
"So, the popularity is primarily because any civilization you fall in love with will have swords. There were swords from Europe to Asia and down into Africa. In North America you will find examples of stone swords, and even wooden ones in the case of the macuahuitl, prior to the invasion of Eurasian cultures. ",
"The sword became more decorative once armor developed and so too did weaponry. With the invention of gunpower based weapons, a sword was outclassed. However, their status in society was not lost nor were the ancient traditions connected to them. Fencing remained a popular sport. Knights and samurai were romanticized. And the love of the sword, and its variations, was cemented in most Eurasian cultures."
],
"score": 9
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi467z",
"comment_text": [
"In medieval europe, carrying a sword was, for the most of the time, accepted, as a status symbol and for defence. If you carried a shield, however, you were looking for a fight, and that wasn't accepted."
],
"score": 8
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfi3kpc",
"comment_text": [
"but you run faster with a knife"
],
"score": 5
}
|
ELI5: How exactly does dry cleaning work? (And are dry clean-only labels a scam?)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61rs3f
| 71
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.82
|
I've always been a bit confused on this one - even more with places that offer BOTH dry cleaning and basic laundering.
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgtiph",
"comment_text": [
"Dry Cleaning Shop Owner reporting in! ",
"Cabtab314 is correct, (we use a solvent called Perc in the UK), and yes because Perc is a solvent the garments get thoroughly \"wet\" but the solvent evaporates in the dry cleaning process. ",
"In regards to your other question, we have a huge issue with dry clean labels... Many companies put Dry Clean only on their brand because it has a reputation for being a gentler clean, even though solvent is heavier than water and the machine uses the same/similar mechanical action as a washing machine, the solvent just doesn't take as much life from the garment. ",
"Sadly though, many clothes get the dry clean classification approved before they add a lot of the decorations. Dresses with beading that has been glued on will generally... Not... End... Well... ",
"But yes, you can wash a lot of dry clean only garments, just on a cold wash with a very small amount of detergent. Suit jackets with padded shoulders look dreadful if you wash them though!",
"I hate this industry sometimes! 😂 "
],
"score": 71
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgqgil",
"comment_text": [
"Normal washing uses water to carry dirt away. Dry cleaning uses a different liquid or 'solvent', traditionally a chemical called tetrachloroethylene although nowadays less toxic chemicals are often used instead. Dry cleaning machines work like normal washer-dryers, with the clothes in a rotating drum, but using the solvent not water.",
"Certain fabrics absorb water which changes them, then drying the fabric out causes shrinkage. Dry cleaning avoids this. Also some stains don't dissolve in water but easily dissolve in dry cleaning solvents and are washed away."
],
"score": 42
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgs5oc",
"comment_text": [
"In the sense that no water is involved. That there's another fluid is considered irrelevant. Because of reasons."
],
"score": 12
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfhgr7r",
"comment_text": [
"Hey, sorry for the late reply. Yes in principle its exactly the same. The garments are \"washed\" then dried on a reasonably high temperature. ",
"Basically dry cleaning is great on oil based stains, but anything water based it's absolutely rubbish. Any water based stains such as food, blood, vomit and water stains etc, have to be pre treated and a liquid soap needs to be added to the cycle. ",
"However if you spill olive oil all over yourself, no problem! ",
"The pre treatment and the stigma of it being complicated is why the price is so high. To be honest, if I had no pre treating to do, then you can pretty much recycle the solvent almost indefinitely, so long as the machine is properly maintained. In practice this is impossible, but a man can dream! "
],
"score": 10
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgxgdb",
"comment_text": [
"\"Dry clean only\" means hand wash in cold water with Woolite and drip dry, then iron.",
"My first boyfriend's mom taught me this. And showed me how. ",
"Have saved probably thousands on dry cleaning by now, have never yet ruined a garment, and have not paid to have workers around carcinogenic chemicals on my behalf. ",
"Did handwash a skirt once that had been dry cleaned multiple times before that. Almost passed out from the fumes that came off that thing. Had to open all the windows and leave the house. ",
"Once i got all the Perc out of it, line dried it and pressed it, it was actually in better shape than before. ",
"Fuck dry cleaning. Fuck carcinogenic chemicals. Fuck fancy labels that make you think you have to. ",
"Obviously things like real fur, or an antique suit from before WWII, and other specialty garments need different care than plopping them in your sink. Those should go to professionals. But some dumb Ann Taylor blouse bought last year? Yeah in the cold water it goes. "
],
"score": 10
}
|
ELI5: I'm a foreigner, based on the FOIA, can I request all records the NSA has on my Name/phone number?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61qs1j
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.5
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgl5og",
"comment_text": [
"There's nothing that prevents you from requesting it (the FOIA doesn't only apply to US citizens). However, you will almost certainly receive nothing, as the FOIA doesn't apply to basically any records the NSA produces, because the vast majority of the work of the NSA is classified. Specifically, one of the exceptions to the FOIA is:",
"(1)(A) specifically authorized under criteria established by an Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy and (B) are in fact properly classified pursuant to such Executive order"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgopnn",
"comment_text": [
"I doubt that any data about me is kept secret for national defense...",
"The data may be classified because the nature of the data itself would give away information about how NSA monitoring works, and which types of communication they ",
" have records of."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgn6oz",
"comment_text": [
"Go for it then."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgpwgs",
"comment_text": [
"yes, but I heard from other sources that those documents work. The NSA doesn't like it, they even asked the owner of the site repeatedly to shut it down."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgr1rl",
"comment_text": [
"They may well be far more effective than the standard FOIA request made by an unassisted person, I mentioned it only because there's nothing about using these particular forms that changes the law, as in the ",
"/u/flooey",
" response and chain."
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5: Why do astronauts need massive space suits on the moon and not just an oxygen mask like Divers?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61obnp
| 3
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.67
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfg0bo6",
"comment_text": [
"3 main reasons",
"Space is really cold. Despite it taking a while for your body to actually lose heat in space, your outer skin can still get frostbite which is not fun to deal with.",
"Radiation. There is a ton of it in space and the long term effects not pretty. Radiation is actually why astronauts are more prone to eyesight problems. The constant ultraviolet light that they are being bombarded with damages their retinas and UV isnt even the ones they are worried about.",
"This is the big one Pressure. There is 0 pressure in space so the high pressure environment that is our body tries to flow to the low pressure environment of space. Your blood vessels will pop and all the oxygen in your lungs will be forced out. Any water in your body would start to boil away which is like 70% + of your body. It would be incredible painful and potentially deadly. "
],
"score": 12
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfg0eod",
"comment_text": [
"It's primarily because the human body isn't that good at coping with very low pressure environments; you're basically in a situation where your blood, saliva, and other bodily fluids are going to start boiling immediately and coming out through your eyes, nose, ears, and other orifices. However, presuming you could keep all of them closed off from the vacuum of space, and you had supplemental oxygen, you'd actually be okay(ish) for a few minutes in just your bare skin before your blood started to boil and come out through your skin.",
"At the same time, though, you don't need a really significant or bulky spacesuit to survive this indefinitely. So long as the suit can keep the air against your body at a pressure of about 7% of atmospheric pressure here on Earth, you'll be fine as long as you have a source of supplemental oxygen. That wouldn't require a very strong suit.",
"Most of that suit is for other issues, like cooling the person wearing it, protecting them from UV or other harmful cosmic rays (that would normally be weakened by the atmosphere surrounding you), protecting your from small projectiles traveling at extremely high speeds, and giving them all sorts of telemetry and guidance data to the bearer of the suit."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfg0fu5",
"comment_text": [
"There's no atmosphere on the Moon, which means it's a vacuum and there's nothing to regulate the temperature. ",
"On earth the atmosphere reflects a lot of the suns heat (so we don't boil), but traps what does get through (so we don't freeze, at least in some parts of the globe). ",
"Without an atmosphere the Moon can get very hot during the in daylight (>200 degrees Fahrenheit; nearly boiling) and swing to colder than -200 degrees when there is no sun. ",
"The human body is not meant to work in a vacuum or at such extreme temperatures, so a pressurized, temperature-controlled suit is required. ",
"Note, that the same is true for deep see divers, because the deeper you go in the ocean, the colder it gets and, though not a vacuum, you have the opposite problem: the water pressure would crush you at a certain depth. So deep sea divers have atmospheric dive suits ",
"that look very much like spacesuits",
". "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgngy9",
"comment_text": [
"I'm so triggered by the order you presented these in.",
"\"First, it's because you would after some hours get a frostbite. Secondly, after few weeks of exposure, you'd risk cancer. Third, a couple of seconds exposure would rupture your lungs and cause blood to boil through your skin, killing you in minutes\""
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfg0ljb",
"comment_text": [
"space suits needs to have stable internal pressure, sheilds against ultraviolet radiations and insulation for varying temparature. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5: Why do countries which aren't even at war, spend billions upon billions of dollars every year to fund the military
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61pdda
| 215
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.78
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfg8xn6",
"comment_text": [
"Well if you have a really large military, thats a pretty big deterrent for anyone to go to war against you. You have a huge military, ready to go and kick some ass.",
"If you have a large military and someone else doesn't if you choose to go to war, you can smash them. You're ready to go, you can get in tons and tons of sucker punches, if not a knockout, before the other side can even get into the game.",
"So two things: Having a large military is as much about NOT going to war as it is about the potential to win one if it ever does happen, both outcomes are good.",
"to further add on, since at least the late 1800s \"mobilization\" was one of the most important aspect of a military. That is the first country to be able to get their military together, ready, and in the action, has a decisive advantage. Spending large amounts of money and having a large ready to go military provides that. This was a huge lesson of the ",
"Franco-Prussian War",
", and WWI, and after how effective and mandatory military planners saw it in those conflicts, the thought of not being very very ready is just wrong."
],
"score": 171
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfga2jv",
"comment_text": [
"That's sort of like asking why houses and buildings that aren't being broken into have locks on the doors, or even alarm systems and security guards.",
"Crimea used to be part of Ukraine as recently as 2014, and now it's not. They couldn't defend their territory, and now it's not their territory anymore. ",
"Edit: someone wants \"nuance.\" Here: Ukraine gave up nukes hosted in their terrority in exchange for secure borders. You see how that worked out for them. ",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Security_Assurances"
],
"score": 42
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgfdvi",
"comment_text": [
"Because otherwise if and when you do go to war, it would take months to mobilize troops. Even with a draft, you need to provide basic train and equipment to your troops. If you don't have it already, it has to be done, which takes time. Additionally, if you don't maintain dedicated manufacturing facilities for war equipment, you have to spend time creating them and/or converting civilian factories to that purpose. It took many months after the declaration of war in WWI and WWII for the US to be fully ready for combat. Where as for the Korean war, the US was able to respond much more quickly to the North's invasion.",
"On top of that, billions today isn't even that much relative to the size of global economies. Granted the US spends more per GDP than most Western countries, but it's nominal spending only seems wildly inflated because its economy is so much larger than other countries who dedicated more of their economy to military spending.",
"Additionally, have a strong military deters aggressors from engaging in war with you and your allies in the first place. The Cold War was filled with proxy wars in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, instead of in North America and Europe because NATO and the USSR maintained large militaries and nuclear stock piles to deter such conflicts."
],
"score": 30
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgafrx",
"comment_text": [
"since at least the late 1800s \"mobilization\" was one of the most important aspect of a military. That is the first country to be able to get their military together, ready, and in the action, has a decisive advantage. ",
"To further this comment, Nowadays if you have an effective military, if you really wanted to mess some stuff up, you could fly in, and destabalize an entire country within hours if all they had was a police force, and make it yours. "
],
"score": 24
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgkf14",
"comment_text": [
"That's quite harsh. While he oversimplified the Crimea situation, he's correct in essence.",
"Not having a strong military to deter Russia resulted in invasion and annexation."
],
"score": 24
}
|
|
ELI5: How far is too far when using square brackets in quotes?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61mpr7
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 1
|
As far as I know, square brackets are used to somehow change a quote, but isn't the point of a quote to repeat textually what someone said? I was reading an article earlier and I saw what looked like a very shady quote. More than half of the quote was square brackets, so I feel like the fundamental point of the quote was lost. They even created a compound sentence with square brackets in one of the quotes. Is this normal? What's the general consensus on the matter if there is any?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dffoc6x",
"comment_text": [
"As far as I know, square brackets are used to somehow change a quote",
"They're used to make a quote make sense when it's used out of context. For instance, you're interviewing someone, and ask them what they think about Keanu Reeves, and they respond with, \"He's a pretty great guy.\"",
"When you quote them, you may say:",
"John Smith says that \"[Keanu Reeves is] a pretty great guy.\"",
"Replacing \"he's\" with \"Keanu Reeves is\" to make the quote make sense.",
"You're not supposed to change the actual information being delivered. You're just supposed to make the same information make sense in the new context."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dffqp54",
"comment_text": [
"It might be that the actual interview given contained a lot of slang words that readers may not have otherwise understood, so just to play it on the safe side they removed slang and replaced it with actual words."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dffqqxz",
"comment_text": [
"The second and the last seem a bit odd. It's possible that they were using it to clean up the language, which usually isnt the point, but sometimes is hownit is used. For example, if the original interview was something like:",
"\"He really fucking launched me on music...that first album, you know the one, is classic, so yeah, I'd say it's fair to say that my shit wouldn't be shit without his shit\""
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dffpn38",
"comment_text": [
"That's what I thought too. I was referencing this here:",
"“[DMX] really [got me started] on music,” explained K. Dot in an interview with Philadelphia’s Power 99. “That first album [It’s Dark and Hell Is Hot] is classic, [so he had an influence on me].”",
"So this usage here is pretty strange, right?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dffn6kz",
"comment_text": [
"You should only use then when the meaning and connotation stays the same. I usually use then to change the tense of something, for instance if there's a quote that says \"Bob is a great guy,\" but Bob is dead now I might wrote something along the lines of according to so-and-so, Bob \"[was] a great guy\". Also if the original quote uses a pronoun, you could replace it with the name of whoever they were talking about to clarify."
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: What makes palm oil so utilitarian component in various industries like food and cosmetics?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61l7h8
| 10
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.83
|
[deleted]
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dffcewp",
"comment_text": [
"Palm oil is more versatile than other oils because it has a high melting point. This means it doesn't take as much as other oils to go into a recipe.\nIt also doesn't spoil as fast meaning that products made with palm oil can be kept on the shelves longer, which means companies don't have as many rejected out of dates.\nIt is cheaper to buy in than other oils because it is almost exclusively grown in the developing world.\nFor producers Palm is better than soya and canola because it is a perennial crop. This means it grows year round, so there is no low season.\nPalm oil produces far more than other oils based on area. What I mean is that an area the size of a football field will yield a lot more oil than when compared to an equal area of other oil producing crops, which helps producers sell more product but keep the buying price low.",
"Shame about all of the Orangutans.",
"Edit: Changed boiling to melting. Good spot ",
"u/wfaulk"
],
"score": 11
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dffgkk7",
"comment_text": [
"There are two reasons as to why palm oil is an unpopular product with some consumers.\nThe first one we will look at is deforestation. The countries that grow the species of palm used in palm oil production are developing nations near the equator that are hot. These regions have some areas of rare and natural rainforest. Urban areas and their surrounds are densely populated so the growers have to expand into the rainforests in order to have enough space for their new plantations. (Barely related fact: Farms are for animals, plantations are for plants).\nThe easiest way to clear large amounts of land when one has no money for heavy plant machinery is to use fire. It is quick and it is all consuming.\nThis brings us to the second reason: It also takes with it all the wildlife in the area that can't escape quick enough. In Indonesia, the home of many plantations, there is a dwindling population of Orangutans. Orangutans, not exactly famed for their speed, are often burned alive in the fires and the deforestation leaves the survivors homeless and without food. There are many varying estimates on the amount of Orangutans killed each year but either way it doesn't look promising for this critically endangered species.\nSo some people choose to avoid produce with palm oil listed as an ingredient to slow the demand, in turn slowing the deforestation and deaths of wildlife.",
"Some fun facts about palm oil:\n* Palm oil is very high in saturated fat. Much higher than other oils\n* Palm oil is not always listed as palm oil on ingredient labels. Instead it is listed as vegetable oil, or blended vegetable oil when combined with other oils\n* Palm oil demand is increasing\n* India is the largest consumer of palm oil in the world. The demand there is higher than all of Europe combined\n* Palm oil is popular in Asian and African cooking but mostly used by food manufacturers in Western cultures.\n* Palm sugar is not the same as palm oil. Palm sugar is from a different plant and almost always ethically produced\n* The RSPM (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) was set up to make sure the production of palm oil and the creation of growing areas was sustainable. They charge a fee to growers to be part of the society. In return growers can sell their product as sustainable. The RSPM does not actively enforce growers to act within code but only encourages them to\n* Up until now over 65% of RSPM certified plantations have not been inspected\n* Some people believe that this means that even products listed to contain sustainably produced palm oil can't be trusted to actually be sustainable\n* There are only 6000 Orangutans left in the wild, with estimates that 1000 are killed every year in deforestation for new palm oil plantations",
"TL;DR People don't like palm oil because it causes deforestation of rainforest and death of orangutans."
],
"score": 8
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dffd0et",
"comment_text": [
"That was certainly beautifully explained. Thanks! However, why do I hear some people say-\"Don't buy foods made from palm oil\" or \"don't support products made from palm oil\"? "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dffje7x",
"comment_text": [
"Thank you, once again :') "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dffers6",
"comment_text": [
"it has a high boiling point",
"It also has a high ",
" point; it's one of the few vegetable oils that's (semi-)solid at room temperature."
],
"score": 2
}
|
ELI5: How do I start and keep small talk going?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61ju3c
| 5
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.65
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dff2uvp",
"comment_text": [
"There are a million questions that are icebreakers. Memorize ten or twenty and you will be fine.",
"Ask about where they grew up. Where they went to school. What sports teams they like. Where they would vacation if money was not an issue. What do they do for work? What they would do for work if money was not an issue.",
"\nWhat they do for fun/hobbies?\nDo they have pets? Do they like pets? Do they have kids? Do they like kids? The list is endless.",
"The key is to listen to their responses and build off of that. Ask enough questions so you can hit on a response that they seem enthusiastic about and then build off of that. You need to have enough of a repertoire that once they say \"Oh, I love the Lakers\" you can take that bit of info and run with it. If you know nothing about the Lakers and nothing about basketball, then you will fall flat on your face. So the key is to be well rounded and have good general conversational skills."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dff2v2t",
"comment_text": [
"i mean you already have something in common, your job. surely there's small talk to be had abt that. complaining about customers, that kind of thing? people tend to like talking about themselves, so just ask questions. you can usually jump off from asking if they have weekend plans, and unless they say \"nothing\" there's usually a follow up question to be asked.",
"if you find that you're getting a lot of one word non-answers, it could be that they just don't want to talk to you. don't take it personally. some people are just like that, esp if they're already having a shit day or hate their job. if they're making absolutely no effort with you though, don't feel obligated to make an effort with them.",
"once you start getting to know people small talk should just come naturally. they'll offer information you can chat abt, their kids or whatever. having said that, you might find that once you've gotten to know them and you're comfortable with them that filling the silence isn't rly necessary anymore."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dff2nyw",
"comment_text": [
"I'm not sure if you can do this. (they would have to have interest as well). Turn it into a long talk. Talk to that person as if he/she was a diary. Nothing too personal but what you did last weekend/yesterday. Talk about a current top reddit post. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dff30ew",
"comment_text": [
"Ask follow up questions. And if you have know frame of reference ask them to elaborate. Follow up questions are great. I used to use the 'you're kidding me' or 'I did not know that, interesting' phrases a lot. I have years of restaurant and bar tending experience. Finding out about what others are interested in leads them into opening up. Just be prepared for loooong stories about things you never wanted to know about. Don't spread gossip and don't create rumors and you should be very well entertained. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dff3nr2",
"comment_text": [
"I started working at a physical therapy office recently. I have always had to know a little bit of small talk which I usually don't really like. Now I'm in situations where I'm standing right next to somebody for 5-10 minutes while they're doing stretches or workout activities and I have to keep them engaged.",
"The easy ones I have found are \"how was your weekend (if it's early in the week)\", \"do you have any plans for the weekend (if it's late in the week)\", \"where do you work\", etc. ",
"You have to know how to feed off responses too. If they say they don't work because they're retired then I ask where they worked\nor also they most likely being up their kids or grandkids. ",
"For some reason I find it hardest to engage with people younger than me like high school age. But i just ask them where they go to school and what sports they do, etc.",
"When you actually know you have time to talk it's not too bad. I just find small talk weird when you're just passing by and you have to sort of start a small conversation and then leave the conversation immediately. Like \"hey did you have a good weekend? Ok sounds good see you later\". "
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: Why does the 72 hour hold for a voluntary psychiatric commitment exclude weekends and holidays?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61qal7
| 1,678
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.88
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgjrxz",
"comment_text": [
"Chances are, even if your girlfriend went in voluntarily, if she is placed on a hold, then she will be held involuntarily for 72 hours. If she readily admits to being a danger to herself or others, she will very likely be put on a hold and transferred to a facility for treatment. If she does not meet the criteria for a hold, she should be released, as far as I'm aware. I'm certain recommendations will be made for her to follow and resources will be made known to her.",
"You are correct, those 72 hours will not begin until she is given a Psych eval at the emergency room by whoever is on at that time. The Psychiatrist will write his recommendations, whether that is a hold or otherwise and she will be either released outright or released to a facility for processing and treatment.",
"This is a tough situation to be in, hang in there, both of you.",
"Source(s): Was an EMT, family who work in hospitals."
],
"score": 475
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgkbxh",
"comment_text": [
"Honestly, in my opinion it is much better for the patient because on weekends they are seen by hospitalists and not psych necessarily. It helps with the revolving door of suicidal people and hospitals trying to off load them."
],
"score": 114
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgkdy2",
"comment_text": [
"Is it possible that she was transferred before having a psychiatric evaluation? To my understanding she was committed before her 72 hours began. She was prescribed a new medication today, so if nothing else I know for sure that she's been seen by a psychiatrist finally, and on a Sunday no less! I am very thankful for that"
],
"score": 105
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgkwt0",
"comment_text": [
"In my limited knowledge, she shouldn't have been transferred prior to seeing someone although the hospital may have held her until she was seen and a formal 5150 was written up. Most hospitals will be pretty insistent if you come in with a psych issue for you to wait to be seen and if she came in voluntarily, I would assume she agreed to stay and wait. Anyone on call, including Psych personnel should be available 7 days a week, even if you have to wait awhile to see them, but I'm glad it wasn't delayed further and she was seen.",
"You should definitely find out from her if she is, in fact, on an involuntary hold and do some research on the internet on whatever she tells you. The hospital will not divulge information directly to you as per HIPPAA (sp?) but she is entitled to her information and can ask questions/request information and pass it on to you. ",
"It's entirely possible the hospital she went to has a psych department and transferred her internally from ER to PSYCH after an eval. If that's the case they will keep her until her hold is up and she is cleared to go. Again, that's assuming she's on a hold, you should find out.",
"I'm not the best resource outside of involuntary holds and some hospital/transport procedure unfortunately.",
"I'm glad to hear she is being taken care of, best of luck to you both."
],
"score": 53
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfgleh9",
"comment_text": [
"Once she admits wanting to self harm it is no longer voluntary and will not be allowed to leave until a Dr says she is no longer a danger to herself."
],
"score": 45
}
|
|
ELI5: Why do lemons become lemonade?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61hbar
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.57
|
[deleted]
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfejj69",
"comment_text": [
"Lemons become lemon juice, too. In the US, it's commonly found in the produce section of the supermarket, in plastic, lemon shaped containers, or in the freezer section in plastic squeeze bottles that need to be thawed first. ",
"People who put lemon juice onto fish or into tea will often buy these containers for home use instead of fussing with fresh lemons. Or if they need a lot for a recipe. ",
"But lemon juice is too tart for most people to drink straight up. So, as others have said, the drinkable version is sweetened and gets the ",
" suffix to distinguish it from pure juice. "
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfegsw0",
"comment_text": [
"Lemonade is a mixture of lemon juice, water, and sugar. If you mix sugar and water with other fruit juices they become in turn orangeade, limeade, etc."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfegt6h",
"comment_text": [
"\"-ade\" refers to a fruit juice with sugar (and usually) water added.",
"Orangeade, for example (in my experience), is orange juice with water & sugar added."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfeguoh",
"comment_text": [
"lemonade is not straight juice like apple juice, orange juice, and pineapple juice is. It is a cocktail (so to speak) of water, sugar, and lemon juice. ",
"I have also never heard of people juicing bananas or kiwi, but that could be because I live in Texas. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfelxvn",
"comment_text": [
"Limeade, by the way, is delicious. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: Where does a sinkhole lead to and how does it happen?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61d2tk
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.55
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfdmslo",
"comment_text": [
"There's some large chunk of rock down beneath the top layer of dirt that you normally walk over. That chunk of rock is water soluble, like sandstone. Over time, rain and other water drainage dissolves that big chunk of rock, and eventually it's just a big hole under the dirt and the roof caves in from its own weight, or because a bus tries to drive over it.",
"It doesn't lead anywhere."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfdoevf",
"comment_text": [
"Are these cave systems used for anything?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfdoevf",
"comment_text": [
"Are these cave systems used for anything?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfdyetl",
"comment_text": [
"hiding bodies"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfdn73g",
"comment_text": [
"People far away from you drill down for oil, pump it all out, and leave a big hole of air. Sometimes they fill it full of cancerous chemicals that leak into your drinking water. Sometimes the chemicals just dissolve rock away under different parts of land than they were intended. As a result, giant voids occur and the ground collapses."
],
"score": -2
}
|
|
ELI5: Why did i throw up after a chest CT scan?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61ax6j
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.29
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfd4ssd",
"comment_text": [
"IV contrast sometimes has an autonomic effect, where it makes your heart rate slow down a little so your blood pressure drops. Your blood vessels in your skin dilate (get bigger with more blood in them), which is probably why you felt warm all over, and it can make you nauseous. As long as it went away relatively quickly it's not dangerous, just unpleasant. "
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfd2wg3",
"comment_text": [
"Did they give you oral or IV contrast?"
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfd6yck",
"comment_text": [
"So nausea is a normal enough side effect and therefore why they recommend fasting for 3hrs, just in case nausea turns into desire to hurl?\nMakes sense. I already have rather low blood pressure"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfdu61w",
"comment_text": [
"I had that happen once. It's a known side effect of the stuff they inject you with. I was injected with iodine and gadolinium. Not sure which was the culprit, but it didn't happen with subsequent tests."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfd2dkz",
"comment_text": [
"Had breakfast maybe 1.5hrs prior to test instead of recommended 3hrs... (The test was ordered very last minute)\nObviously they give this buffer for a reason, but what is it? "
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5: why did twix start branding their candy as "left" and "right" twix?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61a57o
| 2
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.6
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfcvthz",
"comment_text": [
"Because it's marketing, and it works, obviously. Here you are, asking questions about it, and thinking about it. It's really that simple."
],
"score": 12
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfcvzv8",
"comment_text": [
"True, but I didn't buy one to see it, it was already on a commercial.",
"But I suppose you're right, even if it's kind of a silly marketing strategy hahah "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfcwrof",
"comment_text": [
"It's predatory marketing, preying on humanity's natural instinct to divide into opposing groups. If you're not one of ",
" then you're one of ",
" and you don't want to be one of ",
" because they're awful."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfcx6dn",
"comment_text": [
"This is fantastic. The same way, years ago, Miller Lite tried to make society tear itself apart between \"Tastes Great\" and \"Less Filling\". God, those dark days. We were thisclose to a second civil war."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfcwby5",
"comment_text": [
"Yes, but at that point the marketing already made you buy two the first time so they won. 😉"
],
"score": 3
}
|
|
ELI5: How do Casinos Prevent Money Laundering?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61or2l
| 44
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.65
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfg5zzw",
"comment_text": [
"Op, I've seen you try to correct several people answering your question correctly. ",
"Don't ask a question you're not going to listen to the answer to. "
],
"score": 51
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfg6x1s",
"comment_text": [
"First off, casinos don't \"prevent\" money laundering, the government does. In all honesty casinos probably don't care where their money is coming from. Other than following the letter of the law and just a general sense of right and wrong among the staff, casinos do nothing to actually prevent money laundering and its associated criminal activity. ",
"As for those laws, in the US casinos are considered \"financial institutions\" under Title 31, which governs money laundering and large cash transactions. Casinos are required to keep detailed logs and records of large cash transactions (both cash-in and cash-out), are required to report to the IRS any very large cash transactions (where most people know that $10,000 number from TV shows), and are required to report any \"suspicious financial activity\" to the IRS.",
"All large scale cash handling employees have to be trained annually on Title 31 paperwork and requirements (some casinos even require employees to pass a test). Independent auditors review the paperwork daily. Committees are set up to do detailed reviews of potential suspicious activity. The requirements are very detailed and the penalties for non-compliance are severe, so casinos by nature follow them. ",
"So by your example, turning $10K cash into chips ... that transaction at a minimum would be logged and time stamped (so if necessary after the fact surveillance can look at the footage and identify you ... all the way to the parking lot if need be). If you then cash out for $9,500 .. that transaction is also logged too the same way (whether you or your friend cash out the chips). And if you only played a couple of games in the meantime, that would be flagged as suspicious activity and receive heightened scrutiny. Large cash transactions with minimal play are the first thing trainees are taught when it comes to spotting potential money laundering. ",
"At a minimum, your actions would be reported to the IRS ... what they do with it after that is their business. ",
"Source: work in the gaming industry"
],
"score": 34
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfg3wtq",
"comment_text": [
"That doesn't \"clean\" the money. The IRS still would want to know where the $10,000 came from, they would be able to figure out you didn't turn $20 into $9500."
],
"score": 29
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfg7ci4",
"comment_text": [
"All of my responses are based off of knowledge gained while working in a casino in Nevada so it may be different in other states and at Indian casinos.",
"How would they possibly know if I won the 9500 or if I came in with it?",
"Any time you win $1,200 or more in a single hand or on a single slot machine play the casino is required to fill out an IRS Form W-2G indicating the amount won, your name, tax ID #, and the date of the winning among other things. If you can't or won't produce a valid form of ID and your Social Security card to verify you are who you say you are and that your tax status allows you to gamble your payout will be forfeited and you get nothing. They provide a copy of it to you along with your payout, they retain a copy, and a copy is sent to the IRS and you must claim the income on your tax return (but you can offset those winnings by deducting losses up to an equal amount and unless we're talking about huge sums of money you don't have to provide proof of your losses). If you do not have one of those forms then you can't show you won that money, and if you can't prove you won it it's assumed you walked in with it. It's nearly impossible to amass $9-10k in winnings without hitting a jackpot that triggers the tax form otherwise casinos would not stay in business for long. ",
"There's no record tying chips to people.",
"Not that the player is aware of, but in the casino's eyes those chips are equal to cash and you can be sure that there are generally no less than 6 sets of eyes, and at least as many cameras, watching everything you do and they are trained to spot people doing shady shit...like trying to launder money in their casino...which puts the casino at risk...and if they suspect anything they will cash you out, escort you to the door, politely inform you that your patronage is no longer welcome, and firmly tell you not to come back. Then they will pick up the phone and call their point of contact at every other casino in the area and give them a head's up about you and whatever scam you're attempting to run. ",
"You can even leave the casino with chips and come back and cash them later if you want.",
"This is sketchy and varies by location. Generally casinos are reluctant to let their chips walk out the door because having a genuine chip helps when you're making counterfeit ones (although embedded RFID chips are making this harder to do). Some casinos have a limit on how many chips can be brought in from outside and cashed in and the RFID chips tell them exactly how much you have in chips the instant you walk in the door. Even still, under most circumstances, casinos are well within their rights to refuse to cash chips in if they haven't seen you in the casino playing. "
],
"score": 22
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfg6c09",
"comment_text": [
"Literally every post you made in this thread "
],
"score": 21
}
|
|
ELI5: After a recent deed, someone told "that was mighty white of ya". What does that phrase mean?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
619p8e
| 7
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.66
|
Want to state for the record, I'm a white, anti-racism, born north, raised south guy.
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfct837",
"comment_text": [
"My experience was that the phrase was most often used sarcastically as a kind of 'thanks for nothing' by people of color, like calling out Mansplaining. Perceiving an overtly obvious 'gift' given from a place where the giver feels themselves to be in a higher status position. That 'gift' being an expected behavior when things are just fair between equals.",
"Looks like it also was used as a ",
"racially offensive",
" way by white folks to indicate that a person of color has raised themselves up."
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfcrvrw",
"comment_text": [
"Their intended meaning: that you did something nice that they appreciate.",
"The actual meaning: black people are incapable of goodness or decency."
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfcsrwz",
"comment_text": [
"Additionally, it's possible that the person didn't think through the implications of the phrase.",
"They almost certainly did not actively intend to be racist. It's an older than dirt phrase whose origins most alive now have never heard."
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfct55h",
"comment_text": [
"Even most racists don't usually go out of their way to be racist. Racism is a lot more than cross burnings and Jim Crow and lynchings - racism is pervasive and often the kind of invisible that results from seeing it all the time so it becomes just what's normal. "
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfcsto8",
"comment_text": [
"No: that use of white is remarkably recent. In this phrase, it has always been countering dark skin. See link above."
],
"score": 3
}
|
ELI5: What "rights" do sovereign citizens cite when attempting to get out of a traffic violation or checkpoint?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
616mhk
| 4
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.7
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfc63cm",
"comment_text": [
"One of the main arguments is that laws tend to use wording stating that you must have a valid license \"when employed in operating a motor vehicle on public roads.\"",
"Of course, any sane person knows that \"when employed in X\" just means \"when doing X\". One of the definitions of \"employ\" is simply \"to use\". Like in the sentence \"A stick may be employed in the task of knocking down a hornets' nest.\" That doesn't mean that the stick is your employee",
"But sovereign citizens willfully interpret \"when employed in operating a motor vehicle\" as meaning \"when you're driving a car as part of your job\". Thus they claim to not be \"driving\", but to be \"traveling\". They then cobble together a bunch of different court cases that touch on citizens having a \"right to travel\" (which mainly focus on things like states not being allowed to deny entry to people from other states), and claim that the police have no authority to stop them from \"traveling\".",
"A lot of them go on to say, \"Well, I never agreed to follow any laws in the first place, so I don't have to.\"",
"Honestly, they're a bunch of loonies who think that there are essentially \"magic formulas\" to get out of following laws they don't like. Don't want to have a driver's license? Well, you're traveling, not driving, so you don't need a license! Don't want to pay taxes? The legal fiction named \"Mad_Lumberjack\", which was created by a birth certificate, owes taxes. But I am a flesh-and-blood human named \"Mad of house Lumberjack\", and I have no contract with the government where I agree to pay taxes, so I don't have to.",
"It's pretty ridiculous."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfc51oj",
"comment_text": [
"They don't even have a clue wtf they are talking about. They always stutter and mumble their amendment/rights bs. It's just cringey. I feel bad for cops being so patient with those kinds of people."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfc4w2r",
"comment_text": [
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfc5gt0",
"comment_text": [
"\"Sovereign Citizens\" attempt to claim that the constitution exempts them from being required to comply to many laws. That is not true though. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfc84l6",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"ELI5 is not for:",
"Information about a specific or narrow issue (personal problems, private experiences, legal questions, medical inquiries, how-to, relationship advice, etc.) ",
"detailed rules",
"."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: How come it is difficult to remember what the previous or following letter is in the alphabet when people ask what comes before/ after
|
explainlikeimfive
|
614o8g
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.5
|
Im sorry of people dont understand they way I sait this, english isn't my native language. But basically what I mean is when people tell me, or for some reason I have to remember what, as an example, comes after R, I would usually go and say the alphabet from a starting point in my head, since I cant instantly tell what comes before or after said letter. Hope this makes sense
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfc0pgk",
"comment_text": [
"Unlike numbers, the order of the alphabet is arbitrary. There is nothing about B that makes it come after A and before C, and we could rearrange the entire order without having to change the meaning of the letters.",
"Most people only go through the alphabet forwards, which means they having developed the same fast neural pathways to quickly recall the order backward. If you were a file clerk spending more of your days alphabetizing things, you probably would develop those kind of neural pathways."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfbnx7x",
"comment_text": [
"English isn't my native language",
"There is your problem. For native speakers, it takes only a tiny amount of thought to be asked what comes after R and answer S. Going backwards sometimes throws people off, because it isn't normally taught that way. And asking what the 15th letter is isn't always going to have people instantly answering \"O\" for the same reason.",
"But you had a different language, with different letters (some languages don't even use letters!), so it is normal to be thrown off a bit."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfbo32t",
"comment_text": [
"Oh I didn't mean when when I was asked/asking in english. I still briefly think about some of the letters and what comes afterwards.",
"I dont instantly respond like I would do with numbers. perhaps it's due to the system 1-9 and the similarity all the way, whereas I dont see any system in the alphabet which could match the numerical one"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfboc5b",
"comment_text": [
"One of the games that kids play, both in school and out is substitution ciphers. The simplest one is assigning a numerical value to each letter (1=A, 2=B, etc.) and writing out and decoding them that way.",
"Some teachers even incorporate them into vocabulary lessons.",
"That might help you in pegging the letters to numbers, and help with your 18-5-3-1-12-12."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfboxj6",
"comment_text": [
"I disagree vehemently. I think that most people have to \"sing\" a section of the alphabet song to order the letters. ",
"I worked in a library in high-school and had to shelve books. So i learned the order of letters through that experience. I've not used that talent in a long time so it has faded now. I'm still better than average, but not at any level like you describe.",
"The fact that we have a little song to remember the alphabet's ordering kinda proves that it is hard to learn otherwise. And most people never develop any other relationship to the alphabet and keep using that for life."
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: This ISP decision in Congress today that reverses the FCC's ruling from last year.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
614j92
| 9
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.77
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfbt0t3",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"ELI5 is not for:",
"Recent/current events - Because things in the news are fast changing and the whole story is often not available, it is difficult to explain many current events fully, and objectively. ",
"/r/outoftheloop",
"detailed rules",
"."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfbtkmr",
"comment_text": [
"Well something did happen, in October. The FCC created broad rulings about data. The reason being is that the FCC felt that there should be some semblance of choice with who you share your data with. Facebook keeps troves of your data and sells that data to advertisers, that's how they make their money. If you don't like that... you don't use Facebook. It's like if you don't want to be on TV, you might not want to go to a major stadium and ",
"be recorded from several angles at all times",
". (If a stadium can catch you stealing a jersey, they can catch you doing a lot of other things) I'm not saying it's unreasonable for a stadium to be able to do this, it just makes for a good comparison. There's an expectation when you enter either location or site, and a warning when you enter.",
"The FCC ruled that an ISP shouldn't just naturally have the same type of information gathering power that Facebook or that stadium has, because a user doesn't have a lot of choice when it comes to an ISP. Imagine if the very act of you leaving your house put you under just as much surveillance as that stadium did. At any point a private company, not even the government with a constitution keeping people ethical, could look up if you left your house at 3:45 on Tuesday and if you were, see what you were doing. They were specifically banned from doing any \"take or leave it\" deals where you either allow them this data, or don't get any internet at all. ",
"Without protections like this, an ISP can automatically gain all of Facebook's data ",
" everything else you do the moment you enter a web browser. How is Facebook supposed to make a profit now when the ISP gets this data for free?",
"Another big thing the FCC did was require ISPs to ",
" what data they collected, what its use was for, and who they shared it with. If they had it, they had to show exactly how they were using that data in order to keep things ethical. That's a protection that (hopefully) might come back but is now potentially no longer being enforced.",
"Now all of this might sound creepy, maybe you clear your search history now and again (doesn't help, ISP would still have the data) for some questionable sites, but data can be far worse than having someone know your GPS coordinates or your kink.",
"You remember when you paid your student loans and you had to give them your bank account and SSN? You trusted Navient with that highly sensitive information. Without these protections, you have to trust your ISP with that information. Not only do you have to trust your ISP, you have to trust everyone your ISP shares that information with. Not only do you have to trust your ISP and mysterious third parties to protect your information, you also have to trust that they will tell you when that information may have been compromised. As is... you may have no idea how many people may know your SSN.",
"Your health can be inferred from enough data. If you play Call of Duty more than 50 hours a week that's information a health insurance company would love to know. You don't get out enough and that means a hike in insurance costs for you. ",
"The big thing that was gained removing it was that ISPs now have a new revenue source, data... That's the thing that irks me about this because that's it. That's all, it wasn't a grey area like abortion, it was personal privacy vs money for ISPs and money won out."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfbxbjn",
"comment_text": [
"So taking a snapshot from September 2016 to whenever this is finally through the House, there will be no change?",
"Edit: Also, thank you for the detailed response. You got a little political there at points (and I understand why, this isn't a small issue), but kudos for staying fairly neutral for the most part and providing facts rather than too much opinion."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfc7g4a",
"comment_text": [
"Well I tried my best.",
"I probably could've left out that last line. It just seems rather black and white to me."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfcfs7o",
"comment_text": [
"Everyone keeps skipping over the part where I ask what has actually changed from before the FCC took over in October 2016 to now, though. From the best I can tell, the answer is nothing, so there seems to be zero practical change to anybody's online security.",
"No offense, but I think this might just be another case of a liberal online echo chamber overreacting because Republicans did something.",
"Edit: No change at all, because nothing ever went in effect. So basically nothing happened."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: When is Object Oriented Design called for?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
612nwe
| 7
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.66
|
I've done the searches, I've read the interwebz. I've programmed in C for a long time. I program in Python quite a bit for quick stuff, but mostly treat it like C. (No explicit classes) What I'm asking about is complexity. All of the OOP tutorials, books, and my C++ teacher (two decades ago) all come up with some contrived example where you end up with 100 lines of class definitions to define points in a triangle or some such. Others say OOP is better for complex projects. To which I say... Linux and Windows are principally C. Not many things more complex than an OS... Where is the line? Or do professional programmers have a paradigm hammer and all problems are a nail? More simply: is there a point where you've spent so much time defining objects and classes and inheritance, that you probably could have done it in a bash script quicker?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfb8weg",
"comment_text": [
"The thing that made it \"click\" for me was when I first started looking at the Java GUI API.",
"I haven't used Java for many years now, but I regularly use C# with Windows Forms, which has many similar features in the way the GUI is implemented.",
"I saw that Button, TextBox, ListBox and many others all inherit from something called \"Control\". And because of that, they can all be kept in a collection together. They all have a \"Draw\" method, although what that Draw method does is very different for each of them. And because of that, it's possible to go through each item in the \"Controls\" collection, and call the \"Draw\" method on each item, without having to know anything about what is actually being drawn. I figured that when a Form is told to Draw itself, this must be exactly what it does! And then I started thinking about how much easier that was with object orientation.",
"Could it be done without object orientation? Sure! The Windows API was originally written in C, and managed perfectly well. But it was much, much more complicated to use, and involved passing pointers to functions all over the place.",
"The reason this particular example works so well is because of what ",
"/u/mc8675309",
" said: lots of different things that are treated basically the same. And because it's been designed by some of the most prominent companies in the world, specifically to be a public-facing API open to scrutiny by anyone and everyone, it's an extremely good example of how object orientation can be used and ought to be used."
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfb9bms",
"comment_text": [
"This is an excellent example (and one I don't think of because I do systems work). You have lots of things in an application window that you need to treat as the same. This also brings up another point. In C++ or other languages where you can get a base class pointer you can store pointers to different types of objects together in a single container, say a vector of base class pointers. Then you can manage this entire collection together. In C you would create a structure of void pointers; and here's the important thing, it adds type safety. In C++ you don't need to know what the derived types are, the vtable handles the messy details. In C if you have a void pointer and you pass it to the wrong function something will break badly. ",
"This reminds me of what many people do in C is to create a structure that has a void pointer where the data is stored and a bunch of function pointers that indicate the function for the particular type of data that's stored in the void pointer, then you pass this struct around (or a pointer to it), but now you've created a type system in your application code where really it should be a language feature. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfb7wfd",
"comment_text": [
"First I would point out that lots of things can be more complicated than an operating system kernel. ",
"Object oriented design is nice when you have lots of different things that you treat basically the same. ",
"Suppose you have a map from an integer to some sort of data and you want to be able to store these maps as files. You've got code to do all that. Now you want to write a utility that compares two files for their differences and only shows you the keys that are different along with the differences themselves. Now you've got to write code to diff each of these files semantically. ",
"Now, suppose they are all inherited from the same base class. Now you write the diff tool to act on the base class and maybe figure out from the file format which particular derived class you instantiate. Then you write the harness once and instantiate the class through some factory. It's even possible in some languages to get all the derived types to register themselves at static initialization time so you don't even have to write a factory that knows about all the types. They just show up automatically as long as you include/link all the derived types. ",
"That's an example of when you want to think in objects. You want to think of lots of different concrete types in terms of a simpler base type and you don't need to know the difference between the types, the derived types can handle all that for you. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfb9tmx",
"comment_text": [
"Thank you! That answers part of my question. (or maybe the question behind the question). So OOP is really more of a vocabulary rather than an inherent difference in functionality. I need to find some side by side examples of pointer-to-struct vs object."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfbcors",
"comment_text": [
"At it's base object oriented programming is about types; that is, types of variables and you can spend a lifetime studying type systems. ",
"When you have an object oriented system you can design software differently then when you don't and Object Oriented Design is about designing software to take advantage of objects as well as staying out of trouble with them. I should also mention at this time that there are different types of object oriented type systems as well! Anyway, if you find the subject fascinating on it's own I would recommend learning a functional language like OCaml enough to read the book \"Types and Programming Languages\". It's advanced, dense and academic but it gives you a deeper idea of what's going on in language design choices and how it affects the way you design software. An easier exercise might be to find some materials on implementing a programming language which hits a lot of the same topics but maybe without as much focus on the effects your type system has on the language you create. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: Why do we find remembering a song easier than remembering a random block of text?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
61281n
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.5
|
[deleted]
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfb2xdx",
"comment_text": [
"I'd say because it is usually the rhythm you remember and with the rhythm are the words. ",
"On a side note: bloody heck, never knew rhythm was spelled that way..."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfb3082",
"comment_text": [
"Two things.",
"\nAssociation and compartmentalization.",
"\nWhen you give a shorter phrase a linkage, like a tune, it's easier to remember. This is the same reason that people make memory songs to learn things in grade school, it provides something to base the memory on instead of just rote memorization of a paragraph. There's a psychology-based memory strategy encompassing this, called the \"palace of the mind\", where one associates something they want to remember with a location, or a situation, and it becomes easier to remember. People have used this to remember absurd digits of pi, or other things that would take a lot longer without association."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfb3ldd",
"comment_text": [
"I understand that but why exactly does rhythm make it easier.",
"And yeah \"rythm\" feels so right..."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfb3snk",
"comment_text": [
"This makes sense. Instead of a block of boring text we learn short phrases which can be associated to and linked together by rhythm. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfbfuqr",
"comment_text": [
"I would think it's because songs are based on patterns. The lyrics usually rhyme, or the tune repeats itself, so each word or phrase is related to the next, like a poem or idiom. This is unlike most text, which aims to inform instead of entertain, so their priority isn't patterns, and so seem random in comparison. ",
"If you were to listen and try to memorise a really bad rap song that doesn't rhyme at all, it's not that different from memorising a block of text. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5:Why can people be so cruel to one another?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
610q6c
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.5
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfaudqg",
"comment_text": [
"It's a basic principle of human nature. Humans are co-dependant by nature and require co-operation to survive. ",
"We have empathy towards those within our social groups, where co-operation exists and interests are aligned. We measure an individual's humanity by how they behave in comparison with our own behaviours and expectations. ",
"We have less empathy towards those who are outside that group because they are different, may have incompatible interests, and we therefore have less reason to trust them. The more different the outsider, the less empathy we have. In extreme cases a group of humans might perceive outsiders as a completely different species.",
"Another way humans can be singled out is by violating a moral code. Any individual who does this, risks being outcast by the group, in which case they would be seen as an outsider and the group will have reduced empathy towards them. The more severe the infraction, the less human they are perceived to be."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfawsig",
"comment_text": [
"Most cruelty, I imagine, is unintentional. Deliberate cruelty is usually emotionally driven.",
"So cruelty is the result of people refusing to think.",
"And people refuse to think because valuing truth and rationality above all else is hard."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfazia0",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"ELI5 is not for:",
"Subjective or speculative replies - Only objective explanations are permitted here; your question is asking for speculation or subjective responses ",
"detailed rules",
"."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfasy3h",
"comment_text": [
"i think it's all human nature. people aren't always going to be happy. which means their actions and words are not always going to be nice. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfaufuv",
"comment_text": [
"Because the reality is, for every action or law someone benefits at the expense of someone else, and one side or the other, or both, perceives themselves as being oppressed. ",
"Somehow, either side can justify any legal or other means of satisfying their perception, whether correct or not, by demonizing those they feel deserve it. Thus those that benefit can demonize those that don't benefit, and those that don't benefit demonize those that do benefit. ",
"That is the human nature of the \"Me\" generations that began with the Baby Boomers and has grown to be the \"Me\", \"Me\", \"Me\" generation of Millennials. It is why has this nation is politically and socially polarized and has marginalized the centrists as each new \"Me\" generation was added."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: How can the Turkish authorities detain its citizens supporting a 'no' in the up coming referendum?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
611hjm
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.57
|
Hi ELI5, I read this earlier and I can't seem to find any reason for him doing anything illegal? Is there a certain Turkish law? Does noone care about this?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfchgpl",
"comment_text": [
"Insulting the president is illegal in Turkey. The videos made by this student were deemed to be insulting to Erdogan by the powers that be.\nThat's what he's technically in jail for.",
"It's not all that much of a new thing for the Erdogan Turkey either. Remember when Erdogan demanded Germany to open a criminal investigation against a German comedian that made fun of him?",
"Erdogan isn't big on free speech.. Except when it's about his ministers coming to Western Europe to campaign here of course."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfaxe8m",
"comment_text": [
"I have to assume you're an American.",
"In America, the First Amendment guarantees us ",
" strong freedoms of speech. We can say all sorts of things without fear of getting punished by the government. We can say good things that promote freedom and equality or we can say horrible, evil things, like promoting genocide. We can tell everyone how great our religion is and try to share it just as easily as we can tell people that God hates everyone for their sins and everyone will burn in hell. We've got it pretty good.",
"In much of the rest of the world, they don't have that same sort of freedom. Many places are rules with an iron fist and openly attacking the leader and saying things about him can be illegal. This guy said insulting things about the leader that he didn't like & so he got thrown in jail to silence him (as well as let everyone else know that they'd be next if they spoke up).",
"In many places, \"the law\" is just what you can get away with as long as you don't piss off the people in power."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfaxlyl",
"comment_text": [
"As one of the other posters mentioned, the recent coup attempt changes a lot of things in Turkey. If you can declare martial law or grab some sort of emergency powers, things change dramatically."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfaxh1r",
"comment_text": [
"Ah fair enough - I am a Dane though, but our Freedom of Speech is also included in our constitution (although we do have a hatespeech paragraph.)\nThanks for the explanation, I didn't know Turkey didn't have a strong freedom of speech. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfaxk5l",
"comment_text": [
"They used to. Until erdogan shat all over it"
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: Why do you sometimes get the urge to jump when you stand on the edge of something extremely high?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
611kpo
| 21
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.63
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfaxzk1",
"comment_text": [
"I'm not 100% sure about this, but I read an interesting theory a while back that basically goes like this:",
"Imagine you're holding a baby. You have a sudden, crazy urge to drop the baby. You imagine dropping the baby and how much it'll hurt him/her. Imagining what would happen causes you to hold onto the baby more tightly, as you're suddenly more aware of what the negative consequences of dropping the baby would be.",
"It's similar to when you're on the edge of something very high. You look over the edge and feel an irrational urge to jump. You imagine what would happen if you stepped off (you die). With you becoming more aware/focused on the danger of falling off, you are therefore more cautious and therefore less likely to actually jump/fall off."
],
"score": 71
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfb06sb",
"comment_text": [
"What you're talking about is referred to as \"the call of the void.\" ",
"Apparently, it is hypothesized to be connected to different perceptual systems in the brain... systems that react at different speeds and cause a conflict in our brain that is resolved by the thought \"I want to jump.\" Researches think high sensitivity to the body's anxiety signals increases the likelihood that this conflict will occur.",
"https://braindecoder.com/post/whats-behind-call-of-the-void-and-the-urge-to-jump-1299814876"
],
"score": 22
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfay1o0",
"comment_text": [
"Huh. Never thought of it that way. Very interesting theory! "
],
"score": 11
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfazkht",
"comment_text": [
"Awesome explanation. Seems to make sense. "
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfb5jf4",
"comment_text": [
"So if I have a fear of heights and have never imagined jumping, only slipping and falling, does that mean my brain \"skipped a step\"?"
],
"score": 3
}
|
|
ELI5: Why do employers ask you to resign instead of just firing you?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60zqbv
| 23
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.76
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfals60",
"comment_text": [
"In the U.S., in most places, at least, if you resign then it is harder to get unemployment. If they fire you, it is easier to get unemployment. ",
"Also, for higher end jobs or jobs under contract/with union protections, there are often ways to contest being fired, which can make the process longer and more expensive. If you resign, that's avoided. It can also make it harder for you to come back later and claim that they wronged you in some way as part of lawsuit since they can say that you left voluntarily. "
],
"score": 22
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfamvcm",
"comment_text": [
"Companies will do this to avoid paying severence. As a general rule if you have done nothing wrong you should not do it as it could mean you receive no severence pay. Only resign if it is a benefit to you.",
"It should be noted that at least where I live if you are told resign or be fired you are likely still entitled to severence pay even if you resign because it was not really a resignation. They fired you. They may argue that you had a choice but you didn't because you were losing your job either way. ",
"Source: an employment law radio show I hear every day in the tractor as I feed my cows."
],
"score": 16
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfalpjj",
"comment_text": [
"Depends on the place. A lot of places do it so you can't later sue for wrongful termination. Others still do it so you can't demand severance pay or a severance package."
],
"score": 7
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfanj1i",
"comment_text": [
"The main reason is so you can't file a labor complaint or sue for wrongful termination. When you resign, it is your choice, and that makes it much harder to make a complaint later.",
"It is usually a kind of negotiated exit. Let's say you were pretty sure an employee was stealing, and you just want them gone. You don't want to fire them because without ironclad proof, it could go very bad for you in court. ",
"Instead you might give them the option of resigning before you called the cops and started a big messy investigation. If they were guilty, they might accept that deal rather than face legal charges. You get rid of them, they stay out of jail, everyone is happen.",
"While it is true it is harder to get unemployment if your resign, this is rarely the reason you are asked to resign."
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfalqhq",
"comment_text": [
"It looks much better on a resume / any document that shows employment history. It avoids a black mark on your background and, in the case of some companies, makes their calculated turnover rate lower than it would be if they flat-out fired you. In most cases, it's a favor to the employee."
],
"score": 6
}
|
|
ELI5: Are the White House press briefings usually this hostile? It always appears Spicer is upset with media and vise versa. I never heard any briefings under Obama administration so I just don't know if this is normal.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60wj89
| 17
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.74
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9vfy1",
"comment_text": [
"To be the White House press secretary is the highest level of bullshit artist a man can attain. It is their whole job to spin the President's daily actions and inactions into something everyone can understand. ",
"The good ones are like lawyers, they never lie, but get real creative when telling their truth. Since most of the reporters in the room are regulars, a rapport and trust is established. Relationships can be be leveraged so the WH can ask a reporter with a hot lead: \"Sit on this for a week and we'll give you an exclusive\", or \"Please don't fuck this deal up for us, if you spin it our way, we'll bring you along to Kandahar\". ",
"Sean Spicer seems to lack the artistry and charm it takes to develop an individual relationship that gets reporters to forgive briefing fuckups. If he was more friendly, perhaps folks in the room would be more willing ignore the \"Largest Inauguration\" claims and move on in the spirit of cooperation. But he's not.",
"He isn't the first shit press secretary we've had, nor will he be the last. However, he does seem to be on-track to be the longest-serving shit press secretary, so there's that. "
],
"score": 12
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9twis",
"comment_text": [
"It is not normal.",
"But what can you expect? We have a President who actively says things that are at best controversial, and when the media calls him out on it he accuses them of multiple crimes and calls them \"fake\".",
"It's actually kinda shocking that the Trump Administration seems so unaware of the consequences of their actions. It turns out that if you call people \"liars\" or \"terrible people\" and belittle them they don't have a lot of issues swinging back at you."
],
"score": 11
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9un71",
"comment_text": [
"All press secretaries spin, try to word things in the best possible light, and try to highlight things the administration wants to focus on.",
"We have not in living memory had a press secretary who so blatantly and routinely lies, including easily disprovable lies that everyone in the room knows are not true.",
"This creates a more confrontational than normal dynamic, because reporters are far less likely to take his statements at face value, while Spicer gets upset when people don't take him at his word. "
],
"score": 9
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9tvna",
"comment_text": [
"Nope. Usually they're somewhat confrontational with a conservative president and a left-leaning reporter or vice versa, but this time around we've entered the confrontational twilight zone. Spicer's a tool, the media gets pissed off which pisses Spicer off which pisses the media off.."
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9x0w2",
"comment_text": [
"This is all just a really long, really bad nightmare that I'll wake up from at any moment, right? Please? "
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5: How did the black market survive/operate before the Internet?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60vhet
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.38
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9mjxy",
"comment_text": [
"Interestingly, markets like these still exist. Most probably don't deal with high end goods, but they do still market stolen goods and stuff. As long as your goods can't be proven stolen, you're fine. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9mjxy",
"comment_text": [
"Interestingly, markets like these still exist. Most probably don't deal with high end goods, but they do still market stolen goods and stuff. As long as your goods can't be proven stolen, you're fine. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9kngj",
"comment_text": [
"same as any other market. by word of mouth and location.",
"\"hey man, do you know anyone that sells _________\"",
"\"no but i think Bob might...\""
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9kxsi",
"comment_text": [
"As always better communications have improved markets that predates it. Especially black markets that had no public place where all buyers and sellers could meet to arrange deals in the open. However they were relying on connection between people. You still have middle men that know their customers and know their suppliers. It was then up to these dealers to find the best supplier for the desired product. They would have some items on hand or they could ask suppliers if they could supply specialty products. Customers would usually know a few dealers and could switch between them to find the best price. Everything was just like how the retail market works."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9kg0o",
"comment_text": [
"Are you being serious right now? "
],
"score": 0
}
|
|
ELI5: Cruise controls on cars? How do they work mechanically/electronically? Are there different systems?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60tri8
| 2
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.57
|
Maybe this is a dumb question, but I use them every day and I feel like I really know much about it. Edit: Thanks everyone for the response, had some good reads.
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9d75l",
"comment_text": [
"It's a basic control system. You press the cruise control button the car's logic does the following:",
"What speed did the driver command? ANSWER: 55MPH",
"What is current speed? ANSWER: 54.9MPH",
"How do we adjust? ANSWER: Add throttle.",
"Re-check speed? ANSWER: 55.2MPH.",
"Repeat steps 3-5 (with the appropriate throttle correction) over and over (frequency depends on the capability and sensitivity of the system but it can be many times per second).",
"The throttle can either be controlled mechanical (direct link via cable, as in all older cars) or electrically (ECU commands throttle input via wires and motors)."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df98j1e",
"comment_text": [
"Yes there are different systems. On most modern cars with drive by wire throttle it's just a program in the ECU that holds the throttle at a given point. On modern Toyota's the cruise control option is just the switch on the steering wheel. ",
"On older cars it's an electric motor based system that holds tension the throttle cable. ",
"In even older cars it's a vacuum operated system. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df991rv",
"comment_text": [
"It's a little more complicated than that. CC also looks at your speed. If you go uphill it will try to maintin speed by giving extra throttle.",
"The old systems had a motor pulling the throttle cable indeed, the ECU did the calculations with the input from the speedo."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9i6bb",
"comment_text": [
"The maths behind the system is known as a control loop, various methods are used (PID being most likely), read about them here: ",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_system"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9kuny",
"comment_text": [
"Your regular old cruise control (ie, no speed/lane assist) would just go through this loop continuously:"
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: Highway vs Freeway vs Expressway
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60s75p
| 4
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.83
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8xjor",
"comment_text": [
"Well the word \"Highway\" is several hundred years old, diverging from \"high street\" in the 1600s or so, and it originally just meant the main road between towns. Its not a specialized word, it just means a biggish road to take you from one town to another town and not a road for getting around one town. ",
"The words freeway and expressway are 20th century terms used since at least the 1930s and 1945 respectively. They refer to things which ",
" be but aren't necessarily interstate highways. Interstate highways are just big roads that are designed to not just go from town to town but state to state. The interstate highway system is a system of roads that the federal government is behind, and which run across the country. Freeway and expressway more generally refer to the fast moving highways, usually the ones where there aren't intersections, places to stop. Roads that you merge onto and take an exit off of instead of turning at an intersection. ",
"There may be some usage variation for freeway in terms of whether or not it applies to expressways that have a toll for use. ",
"But generally there aren't real strong rules. Highway is the oldest term and means a major road that goes to another town. Expressway and Freeway mean major roads where you can drive fast and not stop a lot. And interstate highway mostly means an expressway/freeway that also goes across state lines. "
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8xzq4",
"comment_text": [
"In California, I always wondered why they were called Freeways until I experienced tollways on the East Coast. One is free the other is not.",
"Expressways, at least where I am, are faster roads, but they still have stop lights, but not as many as a regular road. Freeways don't have stop signs."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8yshz",
"comment_text": [
"I always thought that freeways are highways with more limited access. Like a highway may have other streets that intersect it but to get on a freeway you have to access an onramp. I think highways (at least some places I've driven, like Minnesota) can also have stoplights. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9aoic",
"comment_text": [
"There's also Parkway, Turnpike, Thruway, etc. Most of them are just regional differences in dialect, the same way most of the country descibes an interstate as I-'number' where as Californians just say The 'number'. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfazdxf",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"ELI5 is not for:",
"Information about a specific or narrow issue (personal problems, private experiences, legal questions, medical inquiries, how-to, relationship advice, etc.) ",
"detailed rules",
"."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: If the Department of Education was terminated, what would be the outcome? Would it be only negative or could it be positive in some ways?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60pb4r
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 1
|
Saw a bill, HR 899, which is at its earliest stage, it's only been introduced. I don't have enough knowledge about it, so i'm curious on how exactly it would affect America.
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df87mon",
"comment_text": [
"First thing to note is the Department of Education is less than 40 years old. ",
"The political argument for its removal is: There is strong evidence that over those 40 years, education in the U.S. has not improved and has only succeeded in becoming significantly more expensive. ",
"What would happen with the removal of this department?",
"Much like before its instantiation, how schools are funded, what is taught, and requirements to be met would be set by the state (or pushed even further down to the local level). ",
"Federal Student loans would be gone. If a student wishing to go to college required a loan to meet the payment obligations they would need to work with their bank, school, or a state run loan program."
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8a3nb",
"comment_text": [
"While Federal Student loans are currently administered by the Department of Education, they exist independent of (and predate) it. However, this rapidly becomes a tree-falls-in-the-forest question - does a program actually exist if no one is administering it?"
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8aefa",
"comment_text": [
"Important distinction :) ",
"In this case I would say it depends heavily on how colleges/universities chose to handle the change. If colleges/universities attempted to maintain the status quo with out of reach tuition prices states/private institutions would find themselves implementing programs not vastly different from the federal programs.",
"If tuitions were significantly slashed, there is a chance that official programs would be significantly reduced in scope or may not exist at all. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df86qeq",
"comment_text": [
"States would be in control of standards-setting in its entirety, instead of taking direction from the DOE. You'd end up with different standards from state to state, sort of like it is currently but a little more diverse."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df878vs",
"comment_text": [
"It could end up destroying education for certain states and saving it from other states. At that point it just depends who we vote for and put in charge of the states board of education. It's all about making sure the right person gets in office and people constantly forgot this, and it's why voting is so important. As well as getting our own information about candidates. We need to stop getting bias information from news tv and websites and do our research about each candidate. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: Why is the new Reddit 'Post directly to your profile' a bad thing, and a 'direct way to monetization'?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60ptja
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.57
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8bvnu",
"comment_text": [
"Because it totally isn't already.",
"Goddamnit. I broke my sarcasm key."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8bhdr",
"comment_text": [
"The whole point if Reddit is that you need to put your post out there, if you can just post to your own profile, what's the point?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8byw5",
"comment_text": [
"I mean it's a whole other beast"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df92jv9",
"comment_text": [
"Shit by any other name attracts just as many flies."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dfavvf7",
"comment_text": [
"Yes but maybe our shit attracts horse flies instead of regular flies"
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5:How do documentaries like Drugs, Inc. convince drug dealers to film them?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60r9cw
| 52
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.74
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8pu06",
"comment_text": [
"Documentarian here, though definitely not for that type of thing. I would imagine it is a mix of a) finding the right person who wants to talk, which may be after asking a lot of people who refuse, b) offering them money, and c) offering them anonymity. I've never seen that particular series, but I assume the faces and names are removed. You would have to do it the right way, and of course there are moral questions involved, but I'm sure there is a way to do it that can ensure anonymity.",
"As for point a), I think people are surprised how often you might find people who want to paint their particular situation in realistic terms. But again, I imagine it also is a matter of looking a lot for that one person in so many who consent to it... or essentially say screw it, free money. I can tell someone they get $1,000 for 15 minutes of their time and we'll blur their face. 1 out of 10 drug dealers (or maybe more) will say yes. I'm guessing. But if I started, after really doing my research and having a good lawyer, that's how I would try."
],
"score": 26
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8q8bp",
"comment_text": [
"Yeah they blur their faces and use nicknames. But there's like 7 seasons of it and they show so many people involved in the drug trade. I would've thought more people would be sketched out. "
],
"score": 13
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8qrzn",
"comment_text": [
"My guess, once they did it a season or two, a couple of people who consented, got paid, nothing happened (no arrests), then they start referring them to other drug dealers. It snowballs. One guy and one crew member have an \"in\" with them and it results in a ton of footage.",
"And don't underestimate the magic of editing. Again, having not watched it so I don't know how it turned out. But a relatively short amount of time with a few drug dealers could be spliced together with other stuff and be used a ton."
],
"score": 11
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df9400g",
"comment_text": [
"Honestly after seeing the show what i think is they get real accounts from people that were in jail but then the masked guy telling the story is an actor. A real drug dealer especially the ones that on the show claim they were making 100k a month wont be on tv for the fear of getting killed. Its much easier to pay people for their story then you get an actor to play the role out. Besides drug dealers In general are very paranoid. A lot of the stuff is also super bs. One show this guy is claiming that when he started his dealer showed him an apartment full of bags with pills and that makes no sense why if your just starting he would be shown the stash house with 100k of merchandise. Theft is very common in the drug business. "
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8nov2",
"comment_text": [
"I'll repost my comment as it was removed possibly for being too short: i would assume with money. ",
"And i'll elaborate: people get into drug selling to make a lot of untaxable money. More money on the side would be a draw to them. That's my guess."
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5 : Why do some jobs still pay their workers even after they are fired?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60mvin
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.57
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df7ml3i",
"comment_text": [
"You are hiring. You are competing with other companies to get the best employees. What perks do you offer to get the best to join your team?",
"One incentive is a good severance package should you later have to let them go. ",
"Also, most severance packages have legal contracts you must sign to receive the benefits. This legal contract ensures that you don't sue the company for something or talk bad about the employer or tell the world about corporate secrets. Essentially, it saves the company money and trouble to just pay you off."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df7n86o",
"comment_text": [
"I see. Thank you"
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df7tv3u",
"comment_text": [
"Assuming you're talking about a severance package - they typically serve one or two purposes:",
"1) As part of an on-going contract, wherein you agree not to badmouth the company and they pay you money up front so that you won't do it. If you badmouth the company, they can come after you for that money. ",
"2) As an incentive for people who are getting laid off to keep working hard and/or train their replacements. When my former company closed our office, we were told about it 6 months in advance. Everyone who choose to stay until the end (rather than going out and starting a new job immediately) and who kept doing useful work (can't spending all your time on reddit) got a cash bonus. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df7mmir",
"comment_text": [
"Because it's in their contract, as part of their ",
"severance package",
". ",
"Often there is a required notice period - when an employees leaves the company (whether they quit or were fired) they can keep working for a few more weeks. This is to the benefit of both the employer and the employee - the employer can make sure the employees finishes up their tasks and passes their responsibilities to someone else, while the employee can have a few more weeks of income while starting to look for a new job. The employer can decide they don't need to keep the employee for the notice period, but they still have to pay them for it."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df7wtn6",
"comment_text": [
"People have mentioned severance packages, but another more common reason is earned time.",
"Let's say you earn 15 paid sick days a year, and those days roll over. After 10 years, you never take a single sick day, and then you get fired. Your job owes you 150 paid days you never took, so they will either cut you a check for that amount, or continue to keep you on payroll for 150 days. They don't get to not pay you for that time, you earned it as a part of your contract, so lots of people prefer to keep the paycheck flowing and live as normal while looking for a new job instead of getting one huge check and managing it. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5: u/NotAposolate
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60ns2s
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.55
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df7ter8",
"comment_text": [
"Because he rounds up content from gonewild posters and drops them there, essentially just pooling things together based on poster, but the advantages of that over looking through a user's posts is that you see when new content from that user is posted, rather than consistently looking through a profile, if you're subscribed to it."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df7tr58",
"comment_text": [
"You sound a little bit discontent, but I guess he just makes the page and the user posts there, and now have their own subreddit. I don't quite understand what kind of question this is."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df7thd3",
"comment_text": [
"Puts content together so that you can sub to that user so you don't have to keep checking a user profile, it literally does not get simpler than that."
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df7tk25",
"comment_text": [
" He doesn't post.",
"Those are rather hostile words however."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df7tytb",
"comment_text": [
"Yeah that's about it."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: Why does being molested as a child trigger so many predictable negative behaviors later in life?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60irlh
| 16
|
Other
| true
| true
| 0.8
|
There are numerous predictable negative outcomes that are a consequence of childhood sexual abuse. What is it about that particular type of abuse that changes people on such a fundamental level? Why is it SO psychologically damaging? Does the brain actually change as a result? Please ELI5.
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df6wr7e",
"comment_text": [
"You lose a sense of yourself as a being separate from the abuser. Your self worth only comes from your relationship with that person. This carries into other relationships.",
"Abusers are good at convincing you that they love you, but they also hurt you. You associate love with abuse. Ypu both want to be loved and fear how much pain love brings. This carries into other relationships. ",
"Most times, other people know what's going on but dont help you. You learn thst you can't trust anyone. This carries into other relationships. ",
"You get manipulated into keeping quiet. This teaches you to not share anything with anyone. This carries into other relationships. ",
"Basically, abuse (whether sexual or emotional or physical) screws up how you relate to everyone on the most fundamental levels. This is especially true when the abuser is within the child's circle of trust (which is the vast majority of cases, the kidnap-rape situation happens, but not nearly so much).",
"I feel like I didn't convey just how fundamental the twisting is in these situations. I've been in therapy for decades trying to change my learned behaviors and... it's only a little bit effective."
],
"score": 14
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df6w5pr",
"comment_text": [
"Abuse of any kind can and does affect the developing brain. It doesn't affect daily ability, (your ability to complete your tasks or think per se) but it is a change visible on MRI. They're learning more about this all the time.",
"They've also found people attacked as children have higher rates of autonomic responses like tonic immobility if attacked again later in life. ",
"Adults abused as children also had higher rates of the big 5 causes of death (obesity, cardiac issues etc), as well as higher rates of depression. "
],
"score": 10
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df6tyhy",
"comment_text": [
"Well for one, it creates a distrust of all adults, because they are taught that nothing horrible like this should ever happen to a child, yet it does. This is worsened exponentially if the victim happens to be abused by more than one adult which is unfortunately very common. This is further exacerbated by the ultimate failure of other caregivers and authority figures which either don't believe the victim, blame the victim, or tell the abuser about the alleged claims the victim has made and then return the victim to that very same environment.",
"Clear enough for you ? It fucking sucks "
],
"score": 8
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df6ttko",
"comment_text": [
"In ",
" people, although all people are going to be hurt by abuse, the degree of that hurt and the way it manifests is as varied and variable human being and their circumstances. It's important to remember when talking about statistical groups that it means you will have some people with issue A, some with B... some with Z. You'll also have people with combinations of issues, and some with few or none. ",
"There are ",
" patterns that people can fall into, or not. Broadly you tend to have self-harm, promiscuity, suicide, and a lot more. The degree to which this is going to be a problem for someone is going to have a lot to do with the nature of their abuse and how people around them reacted, in addition to genetic factors. If you're raped as a child and nobody believes you, or worse, blames you... you're going to have a high likelihood of developing a fairly predictable set of problems. Many people in those circumstances (but still by no means all) feel worthless as a result, and may come to believe that they deserve abuse. These can be people who are in chronically abusive relationships as adults, or may become prostitutes, or run away as teens.",
"You can also have people who are abused once, tell someone close to them and get support and love. They might have the same problems regardless, or they might not. Certainly their odds of feeling worthless or that it's their fault will be lessened, but not eliminated. ",
"tl;dr People are complicated."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df7rguo",
"comment_text": [
"Children will invariably think they have done something wrong/deserve the abuse since it is so wholly overwhelmingly terrifying and why would this adult be doing something so terrible to me if I did not deserve it? ",
"Plus the neurochemical effects of insane amounts of the stress hormone cortisol, which helps develop PTSD both psychologically and overt biochemical physical reactions to stress, which are cascading and continuing in everyday life from then on. So absolutely your brain changes - I can never know what sort of person I would have grown up to be if I hadn't had this mindbending trauma. At age 9, I knew very vaguely that \"something\" went on between males and females to produce children, so knowing nothing of the facts I assumed that I would be pregnant and every morning I woke in dread to feel if my stomach was huge (and if it was, my mother would know what a terrible thing I had done). It wasn't until I was just turned 12 that I found out about menstruation, and that I could never have been pregnant. I kept it hidden but the torment of that uncertainty was almost unbearable. ",
"Once something so awful has happened once you must be forever immensely vigilant in case it happens again...therefore this is the point at which you can say your \"childhood\" truly ends. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5 why do we take anger and stress out on people we love the most?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60bh4l
| 5
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.61
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df56m14",
"comment_text": [
"In psychology it's called displacement. Basically, it happens when we can't safely vent our frustration at the source of our problems so instead we redirect our anger to a more harmless source that we can more easily make up with later on. So for example, you can't tell off your shitty boss for fear of losing your job but you can go home and be a dick to your significant other or child then apologise later "
],
"score": 9
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4zclg",
"comment_text": [
"I'm assuming this is because we know that these people will stick by us even through stressful times. "
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df58tov",
"comment_text": [
"That's kinda messed up that we as a society view our loved ones as easier to hurt and abuse. It's not like they actually forget these things or that the apologies and proverbial chocolates actually make it ok."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df5vii5",
"comment_text": [
"Up to a point, unfortunately."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df5p7yf",
"comment_text": [
"It's because nobody thinks to teach anger management techniques in school. Kids learn to manage their emotions from their parents, and of the parents don't know how to effectively manage emotions, then that's what the kid thinks is the 'right' way. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: 10% of Switzerland's population are millionaires?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
609i4f
| 15
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.64
|
I was browsing percentage of people who are millionaires in each country and I noticed that Switzerland had a very high percentage of people who were millionaires, much much higher than other countries, so I was wondering what would be the reason for that? Do they have better opportunities for talented people?
% of people who are millionaires in each country >
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4klwe",
"comment_text": [
"Two main reason: 1) Switzerland stayed out of WWI and WWII, and 2) they experience great economic freedom with low tax burden – especially for foreign millionaires. ",
"1) Wars are extremely costly. When most of Europe and the western world ruined just about all of the wealth they attained during the industrial revolution Switzerland did not. Before Switzerland wasn't a rich country, after it was. Some claim it's because they stole gold from the Jews but that's just a tiny fraction of the bigger picture.",
"2) A lot of countries in Europe have economic problems and as a result increase taxes. Rich people are the first to jump ship when a country experience difficulties and they are not known to love high taxes. Switzerland have ",
"open doors for tax refugees",
" and as a result a lot of rich people relocate there. "
],
"score": 25
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4jspl",
"comment_text": [
"Switzerland had gold mines which made them one of the richest parts of Europe. They also managed to keep out of most major wars as the Alpine mountains generally were of little strategic value to the great armies. So they have managed to stay a rich and stable region for a long time. But in addition to this they have a set of laws that makes it more fair. They tax the rich and crack down on tax avoidance. It is considered an honor to support the communities and the workers that made you wealthy. In addition there is very good public schools and inheritance rules that makes sure that all kids have similar opportunities. And $1M is not unreasonable for someone who have worked hard his entire life. It may be enough to buy a nice house, a car, maybe a mountain cabin and have some left over for retirement and inheritance. It is certainly not enough to be able to retire and live the rest of your life on your savings."
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4zk4l",
"comment_text": [
"While I appreciate you are trying to be funny, I do not find it appropriate in ELI5 to be making such deceptive comments.",
"Median house price in california is ~$490,000, with median price per square foot of $270. Median price in Switzerland is ~1.1 million francs, and exchange rate is practically 1:1, with a median price per square foot of ~$600.",
"TL;DR: Switzerland is not cheap."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4zk4l",
"comment_text": [
"While I appreciate you are trying to be funny, I do not find it appropriate in ELI5 to be making such deceptive comments.",
"Median house price in california is ~$490,000, with median price per square foot of $270. Median price in Switzerland is ~1.1 million francs, and exchange rate is practically 1:1, with a median price per square foot of ~$600.",
"TL;DR: Switzerland is not cheap."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4py8x",
"comment_text": [
"So the Napf gold mines that the Romans ran did not have any gold? Or the several gold mines in Geneve from 1397 onwards? Granted that gold mines on their own is not the reason for the good Swiss economy. However it did start long before the second world war. Switzerland were one of the first countries in Europe that started building railways. The high quality jewelry and watches is the result of centuries of experience with industrial processes to make high quality components. The economic boom after the second world war was the result of a highly developed and stable nation before the war."
],
"score": 2
}
|
ELI5: Why are people in the communities least likely to be affected by terrorism the most afraid of it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
609hiy
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.48
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4jeyq",
"comment_text": [
"Eh that's not really true though. The media from those areas may be more vocal but that is because that media needs to find something interesting to talk about. Nothing happens in middle US. Tons and tons of stuff happens at the coasts of the US, and even though those areas have WAY more security in terms of border/coast control and actual on-ground personnel, there is also way more stuff happening for the local media to talk about"
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4l04z",
"comment_text": [
"Cbus, Ohio here... lots of sex, drugs, live music, college sports, festivals for cultures of the world... general American fuckery. No talk of terrorism in my circles. None in local news lately that comes to mind. Sad to hear there are people living in fear in America, but the concern is real. You keep it in the back of your mind, but don't let it dictate your life."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4l04z",
"comment_text": [
"Cbus, Ohio here... lots of sex, drugs, live music, college sports, festivals for cultures of the world... general American fuckery. No talk of terrorism in my circles. None in local news lately that comes to mind. Sad to hear there are people living in fear in America, but the concern is real. You keep it in the back of your mind, but don't let it dictate your life."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4klgo",
"comment_text": [
"I'm not sure that your premise is accurate but I will add that the purpose of terrorism is micro-violence to create exponential effect. This effect is psychological which in turn drives action. Those that live in areas where \"terror\" acts are more common understand a few things clearly. One is that life goes on and two is that 'terror\" events have little physical effect beyond those that are hurt or killed. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4kykh",
"comment_text": [
"I'm not sure about OP's reasoning, but there is empirical evidence supporting his claims. Look at exit poll results from the 2016 election. 57% of voters who rated terrorism as their highest concern were Trump supporters while only 40% of voters who rated terrorism as their highest concern were Clinton voters. Tie that together with demographics (cities preferred Clinton, rural areas preferred Trump) and you have the evidence that you expected OP to provide."
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5: why is it so hard to say "Irish Wristwatch" 5 times fast?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
6078bo
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.46
|
[deleted]
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df41u0z",
"comment_text": [
"Irish wristwatch. ",
"Iris wistwratch. ",
"Irish wrishtrash. ",
"Iwish wrishratch. ",
"Iris rishrosh. ",
"Ireshreshresh. ",
" "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df48z7m",
"comment_text": [
"Because the syllables in the two words are fairly awkward together. They have two main problems, they sound similure which allows natural slip of the tounge and more destructively, they require very similure movements of the mouth. The end of irish, the start of wrist send the ending of watch all require the mouth to be at the same form when clenched. On its own resetting to this positron im natural speaking can be a fumble, but trying to speed through it creates a kind of traffic jam between your trying to say the word and your mouth keeping up"
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df42d1o",
"comment_text": [
"I tried this, and it was my best Sean Connery impersonation ever."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4fsre",
"comment_text": [
"That'sh fantashtic! "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df40nry",
"comment_text": [
"Plus there are the leprechauns. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5 Since the brain is active for a short while after death, does the person realize and experience the act of their death?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
6088gn
| 10
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.78
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df49cvy",
"comment_text": [
"I think the prevailing theory is that when someone is dying, their heart eventually stops and they pass out, so although their brain is active for another minute or two or three, they are unconsious, so they don't experience any of it. ",
"It would be like asking someone what they experienced when they fainted. They don't remember anything after the fainting part begins."
],
"score": 17
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4akvy",
"comment_text": [
"They do, but it's likely early in the ... \"transition\". My mom looked at me lovingly then closed her eyes, and then a few minutes later her brain was busy trying to survive: trying to get the lungs to breathe more air, trying to get the heart to pump more blood, trying to stand upright in the hospital bed... ",
"I imagine it's difficult to think thoughts during that process, much like it would be hard for me to think if I were in pain or in shock."
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df4c4t5",
"comment_text": [
"There are some stories about people who were guillotined still being conscious for a little while and having expression changes. Maybe true, maybe not.",
"howstuffmaybeworks",
" ",
"On July 17, 1793, a woman named Charlotte Corday was executed by guillotine for the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat, a radical journalist, politician and revolutionary. Marat was well-liked for his ideas and the mob awaiting the guillotine was eager to see Corday pay. After the blade dropped and Corday's head fell, one of the executioner's assistants picked it up and slapped its cheek. According to witnesses, Corday's eyes turned to look at the man and her face changed to an expression of indignation. Following this incident, people executed by guillotine during the Revolution were asked to blink afterward, and witnesses claim that the blinking occurred for up to 30 seconds.",
"Another often-told tale of demonstrated consciousness following beheading dates to 1905. French physician Dr. Gabriel Beaurieux witnessed the beheading of a man named Languille. He wrote that immediately afterward, \"the eyelids and lips ... worked in irregularly rhythmic contractions for about five or six seconds.\" Dr. Beaurieux called out his name and said that Languille's eyelids \"slowly lifted up, without any spasmodic contraction\" and that \"his pupils focused themselves\" [source: Kershaw]. This happened a second time, but the third time Beaurieux spoke, he got no response."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df49v7f",
"comment_text": [
"A person is typically only pronounced dead when brain activity ceases, so actually the brain is NOT active after death (CPR and various hospital devices can pump blood / do artificial breathing, etc., so they don't declare death until the brain stops). ",
"But getting to that point (breathing stopping, heart stopping, loss of blood pressure, going unconscious, etc.) can be different for different people, and, as the brain is still alive, yes they very likely realize and experience it."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df49ikg",
"comment_text": [
"Thanks for the reply! It's kind of a weird concept for me to wrap my head around. "
],
"score": 4
}
|
|
ELI5 What would happen if an officer pulled you over whilst your wife is going into labor? Would he just let you off?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
606mpu
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.56
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3um79",
"comment_text": [
"Depends on the officer, but a good one would escort you to the hospital, \"officially\" make it a warning rather than a citation, and have a fun story to tell the other cops."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3upei",
"comment_text": [
"My uncle had this happen to him and he was in the phone with 911 at the time and they told the officer not to pull him over but to escort him to the hospital "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3uq4w",
"comment_text": [
"Cop here:",
"Every department and individual officer is different.",
"In my department by policy I cannot escort people.",
"So I'd have to call them an ambulance or tell them to slow down."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3uqie",
"comment_text": [
"That's rather nice.."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3zbes",
"comment_text": [
"In Australia, at least recently, this happened and the copper gave them an escort to the hospital but the fella got fined because he was speeding. So I don't know, good in one sense but then kind of sucked for the bloke because he had what I would consider was a legitimate excuse. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: Why do you need a Master's Degree to become a librarian, especially when the median salary is barely above $50,000?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60s6ct
| 28,104
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.86
|
On Jeopardy tonight, one of the contestants stated that he obtained a Masters Degree online just to become a librarian.
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8vzeq",
"comment_text": [
"It depends on what type of Librarian you are talking about.",
"Librarians assistants are generally just the people who learn about librarian functions and are the people who put the books away, do general checkout functions, so on and so forth.",
"Librarians, are generally like supervisors. They oversee the librarian's assistants and do daily work such as general supervision, overseeing a libraries general functions in addition to just checking out books, and organizing the Libraries overall day to day affairs. Ordering new books, processing new releases, so on and so forth...",
"Librarian Managers are usually overseeing multiple installations, or even non-traditional library resources. Sometimes Museums will have libraries or specialty function libraries such as University libraries. Also, this is where you will start to get into special functions such as document maintenance, archival and care. Larger institutions such as University libraries have VERY LARGE collections, spanning 100s of thousands of pieces, in multiple different departments, more than 1 single Librarian and their assistants can adequately manage.",
"Then you have Librarian Directors. When Libraries get so large that they have multiple departments, you need a Director level, who typically will be overseeing the business side of opening and maintaining either large University Libraries, or entire systems of local libraries. Take a single City... You could have 20 or more libraries within a system that serves that city, as well as manages several school library's contents and local municipal libraries. You'll have 1 Director, Several Managers, and at least 2-5 Librarians per library itself. ",
"That level of staffing, needs proper management. So when you are getting your Masters in Library Science, some of the courses are also business management skills as well as advanced Librarians systems classes. Document restoration, special documents care, archival systems... these are not simple procedures that can just be taught on the fly, several years of education is needed to make sure that not only does the library stay properly stocked, but also that you can handle the challenges of maintaining books, relics, artifacts and everything else that may walk in your door.",
"edit: In addition to my normal post, like I said there are many other positions inside libraries that require specialized training and having someone that has been properly trained is a necessity, regardless of how much you make.",
"/u/maybeitsmeh",
" - ",
"Handles copyright, contracts, resources used in courses, assists professors and course designers, has spoken on learning topics and libraries as a part of legislation for the state, has co-authored books, and participates in research.",
"/u/efs001",
" -",
"I took management, legal issues for librarians, and digital preservation course in addition to the traditional reference, information organization, and collection development. I also took classes in archival description and arrangement, archival appraisal, and metadata which are very applicable to my job. I also help my patrons navigate copyright issues that are quite complex when you work in an archive.",
"edit 2: Woot! FP of ELI5 w/ top comment. First time ever!",
"edit 3: WOW! Actual FP! amazing! I've never been here before... I feel everyone deserves ",
"puppies!",
"edit 4: This comment went gold! thank you anonymous redditor!"
],
"score": 11400
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8zmv4",
"comment_text": [
"Edit: Thank you for the gold and the many kind comments. It's been a wild 16 hours.",
"I'm halfway through my master's right now. Classes center around three topics. (1) The philosophy of librarianship (2) The business side and management aspects of running a library (3) The nitty gritty of turning raw information into a searchable form and organizing it into something relatively intuitive for the layman.",
"Compared to most degree programs, it's not difficult. But there is a lot more to it than people realize.",
"I'm willing to get the degree and spend the rest of my life making a five-figure salary because I'm passionate about reading, history, knowledge, democracy, sticking it to the man, helping people realize their full intellectual potential, and - yes - getting a pension and medical for life. I used to work for the most hated bank in America and I didn't like myself or what I was doing to the poor people in my community. Now I like waking up on Mondays. Do you know how good it feels to talk Harry Potter with a seven-year-old? Or help a woman covered in bruises find legal aid to escape her abusive husband? It feels amazing. It's worth it to me."
],
"score": 9796
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df90qmj",
"comment_text": [
" I appreciate the gold, but if anyone else feels compelled to gild my comment, please consider donating that money to your local library or to ",
"EveryLibrary",
". Libraries are going to need all the support we can get in the coming years!",
"I am the youth services librarian at a small city library. Well, technically my position is listed as library assistant so the city can pay me less, yes I make less than 50k, but that's a whole different issue. The point is I have the duties of a librarian and have the degree to go with it regardless of what my position is actually called. I don't currently have it with me at home, but tomorrow when I am at work I can pull up my job description from when I applied for the position. It is four pages long. ",
"As a youth services librarian I need to plan programs for youth from newborns to high school. I run storytimes two to three times a week that require extensive knowledge of early literacy practices. In spite of popular belief, storytimes are not just reading books to kids. In addition to weekly storytime programming, I also develop and run other programs aimed at youth of various age groups. This includes things like STEAM programs for elementary aged students and community outreach programs at the local schools.",
"I am responsible for developing the collection of books and media for all youth, newborn through high school, and making sure that the collection meets the needs of my community. Collection development is not just buying new books, but also weeding old materials and cultivating the collection to reflect the community it serves.",
"Summer reading is a huge thing at nearly all public libraries. Guess who is responsible for planning and organizing that? Yep, me. ",
"In addition to all that, I need to do things like write grants to ensure that we get extra funding for special programming and events that we might not be able to fit into the budget otherwise.",
"I also provide reference assistance to all library patrons. People underestimate the value of reference librarians in the age of google, but we can be a huge asset in finding the information you need and making sure that it is from an accurate and reliable source.",
"Since I knew I wanted to go into youth services, many of the classes I took gave me that early literacy training that is essential to making sure I am successful at my job. I also took courses in collection development, cataloging, copyright, and research methods. We learn how to not only find information, but also figure out what that person is actually looking for even when their questions aren't clear. ",
"There is so much to being a librarian that people don't really see. They think all we do is shelve books and check them out and in, but a lot goes on at your library to make sure that it is actually the valuable asset to the community that it should be."
],
"score": 1814
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df8z3b2",
"comment_text": [
"I am a librarian/archivist (my title is librarian but I'm actually an archivist in a public library) who got my MSLS last year. While I honestly wish librarianship was more of an apprenticeship, I do apply things I learned in grad school in my job. I also worked in libraries before attending library school and I found I was nowhere near prepared to be a professional. Library school isn't just shushing and cat petting. I took management, legal issues for librarians, and digital preservation course in addition to the traditional reference, information organization, and collection development. I also took classes in archival description and arrangement, archival appraisal, and metadata which are very applicable to my job. I also help my patrons navigate copyright issues that are quite complex when you work in an archive. These are skills I probably wouldn't learn in an apprenticeship situation unless I had a librarian dedicated to teaching me those skills. My professors were those dedicated librarians basically. I despised library school but as a professional, I see how it's useful.",
"Edit: This blew up overnight and I have a lot of interesting questions in my inbox that I am happy to answer when I get home from work today. Also, thanks to whoever gave me gold but I would prefer you spent your money on causes that help libraries out. With slashes to the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Institute of Museum and Library Services, libraries are at risk of losing all of their federal funding in the next budget. Organizations such as Every Library and the American Library Association are working hard to advocate for themselves in this time of crisis for libraries. Please consider supporting them in their fight. And please call your representatives and fight for the issues you care about. Consider adding the NEH and IMLS to those issues you don't want to see slashed."
],
"score": 1244
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df904b5",
"comment_text": [
"Because median salary doesn't have anything to do with the skill set required to do a job. ",
"I'm an archivist, and my fresh out of grad school job pays $31,500. I applied for around 85 jobs before getting this one, so I don't have much of a choice. ",
"It's a problem across our field(s). My particular institutional hierarchy justifies this low level of pay because the position descriptions ",
" don't require a Master's degree of any kind. My position description was written in the 1970s and ",
" only a high school diploma. Thing is, my institution was never even going to consider someone for this position that didn't have an MA or MLIS. This is an extreme case, but that's how certain institutions can get away with paying chicken scratch to people for work that requires specialized training. From what I've been told, the upper levels of the hierarchy won't allow them to rewrite the positions. ",
"Another problem is that we archivists/librarians collectively do not advocate for ourselves. As a unit, we feel like we shouldn't rock too many boats because we might lose our funding or get fired. It's a real problem that I'm not sure how to address. "
],
"score": 1073
}
|
ELI5: How does hot grease affect pipes?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
606fxa
| 3
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.64
|
[deleted]
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3t77e",
"comment_text": [
"If you're talking about pouring hot grease down the sink drain, I wouldn't. ",
"It may be nice and liquid while you're pouring, but it will cool off quick when it hits the cool pipes, and unless you've got lots and lots of hot water to follow up, you will end up with possibly clogging your drain. ",
"Let the grease harden and use paper towels to scoop out and dispose. "
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3tmgj",
"comment_text": [
"It goes down as a liquid, but cools in the pipe and forms a solid that clings to the inside, narrowing the room for water to flow. Do this a few times, letting it build up, and you may get a serious clog."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3tb1t",
"comment_text": [
"deleted ",
" ",
" "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3vcmq",
"comment_text": [
"deleted ",
" ",
" "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3tf3y",
"comment_text": [
"It depends how hot the water is. Try putting cold water on grease. Then add food debris over time and more grease. Hot water only stays very hot at the beginning-- it will cool off quickly. Why do things that potentially cause problems? "
],
"score": 2
}
|
ELI5 How are illegal mexican immigrants deported back to mexico?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
605w2v
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.5
|
[deleted]
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3pxse",
"comment_text": [
"Of course it does. One of the major arguments from people who don't want to punish illegal immigrants is that it's expensive for very little gain."
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3pk6w",
"comment_text": [
"Surely this costs quite a bit of money"
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3pk6w",
"comment_text": [
"Surely this costs quite a bit of money"
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df475v2",
"comment_text": [
"It usually depends on the immigrant and where he she is located.",
"For example a Mexican or central/South American caught at the border will usually be placed on a bus and then driven to a detention center where they are processed. Then they are driven into Mexico and to a detention center. Mexicans are released and the Central/South Americans are processed and sent on another bus down to Guatemala, get processed and repeated steps until the migrant reaches his/her home country.",
"Now for individuals (Mexicans, Asians, Africans, European, etc ) cuaght deep in US territory they will likely be placed on a plane and flown directly to their home country.",
"Also immigrants will be grouped. So let's say you are the only illegal German immigrant, you'd most likely be detained for months until there are enough Germans to deport out in one go. So many immigrants will be offered a chance to pay a fine and pay for their own plane ticket to leave country."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3on9x",
"comment_text": [
"They are transported outside the boundaries of the united states and back into mexican territory. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
ELI5 just why salt and pepper are added to so many recipes.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
60flte
| 866
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.89
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df61ljq",
"comment_text": [
"Holy shit! Table salt is amazing! It does two incredibly important things in cooking: ",
"It breaks down and releases sodium when it dissolves in your mouth. The sodium bonds to one of the major flavour receptors in your mouth (i.e. salty flavour). This has a synergistic effect on other foods; particularly savoury flavours (see point 2). ",
"It draws moisture out of foods, speeding up the caramelisation of sugars/carbohydrates in food. In food chemistry terms, these are called Malliard reactions. In ELI5 terms, it helps foods (particularly meats) brown and give that delicious seared flavour. These seared flavours activate other flavour receptors (particularly umami/savoury receptors, and sweetness receptors). It's like a sensory gang-bang in your mouth. ",
"Pepper contains glutamic acid (an umami/savoury flavour) and activates heat sensors in your mouth. It's like a bit of nitro for your taste buds. "
],
"score": 1014
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df5zvny",
"comment_text": [
"Salt chemically activates your sense of taste. It basically amplifies any other flavor in a dish. ",
"Not entirely sure about pepper, other than adding a savory component. It may just be culturally expected"
],
"score": 89
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df63mg9",
"comment_text": [
"Only gang bang im gonna get. "
],
"score": 68
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df73iep",
"comment_text": [
"My only regret is that my most upvoted reply ever included the words \"sensory gang-bang\". "
],
"score": 40
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df63m8x",
"comment_text": [
"Western cooking tradition takes its cues from French cooking. French cooking took its cues from how the royals used to eat.",
"King Louis XIV wanted all his dishes to be lightly seasoned with pepper. This caught on, and so the French to this day season with pepper. They could have chosen any other spice that would do the job, but the choice is extremely arbitrary."
],
"score": 39
}
|
|
ELI5: Why goverments just don't take fingerprints when issuing IDs?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
6000es
| 6
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.63
|
I mean it's logical. You can catch criminals quickly and it's easy identification so no Joe Does
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2edxx",
"comment_text": [
"Why not a DNA sample as well? A few hair follicles? Blood sample?",
"The crux of the issue is your 4th amendment and right to privacy. There is no logical reason that you should have to provide any of this to be allowed to utilize public roadways and therefore it is a violation of your rights to collect this information without cause or warrant"
],
"score": 17
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2fsqq",
"comment_text": [
"Many people are not very comfortable with giving the government such a huge database of bio-metrics. Could it help solve some crimes? Sure. But it might also be abused. ",
"(Though even if we had everybody's fingerprints on file, there'd still be John/Jane Does. Not all of them are exactly found in a... fleshy state.)"
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2t0va",
"comment_text": [
"Username checks out"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2pbdh",
"comment_text": [
"More and more people are protecting information with things like fingerprint scanners, for example, on their phones. You can fool a fingerprint scanner if you have a photocopy of your print. Gives government agencies a really easy way of breaking into that sort of stuff.",
"DNA and genetics can be analysed. The information contained therein (diseases, heritage, whatever) could be abused.",
"Plus, you know, when they already have access to your DNA and fingerprints it also becomes much easier to create fake evidence and plant that on a scene. That is already something that is happening, but we don't have to make it even easier. ",
"And even if there would be 100% no way they could actually possibly abuse it, that still doesn't mean people have to trust it. And seeing as voters do still elect the government, as long as there is enough opposition, you are not going to see it happen. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2jfh1",
"comment_text": [
"Right to privacy, at least in the US, also because most people don't want it. You think how it can used to catch criminals, but it can also be used by the government against you for things not a crime and allows them some ability to monitor your movements like a Big Brother state. Not surprisingly, most people don't like that idea."
],
"score": 2
}
|
[ELI5] Psychologically, why do humans cry at imaginary scenarios - when a fictional character dies, for example?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zzia4
| 6
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.61
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2bzsi",
"comment_text": [
"Because psychologically, they are not imaginary. The whole purpose of fiction is being able to suspend your disbelief and react as though it were real. ",
"Becoming emotional involved is no different than interpreting shifting lights and shadows on a screen or squiggles on a dead tree as actual events."
],
"score": 7
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2pw06",
"comment_text": [
"Empathy - It allows for social intergration and cohesion, you can put yourself in someone elses \"skin\" and imagine how they are feeling. It is an evolutionary advantage to be a member of a group and empathy allows for this to happen",
"A hang over of this is that you empathise with fictitious characters and experience sadness when they come to harm. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2ao46",
"comment_text": [
"When we watch,read or listen to any story, our brain starts to imagine our self in that situation and kind of relate to one or few character which makes us cry when he dies.",
"And try one thing, if we are not relating to character in one way or other then we don't feel sad or when we are not paying much attention "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2d1bx",
"comment_text": [
"Human brains have trouble distinguishing between reality and fiction. If we pretend something is happening, we can react as if it was real. Just recall a moment when you absolutely embarrassed yourself and watch yourself cringe again at the idea. It takes additional mental power to determine whether something fictitious is fictitious, and our knee-jerk reaction is to believe it's real."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df3557o",
"comment_text": [
"I never have felt anything for any fiction character , "
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: When driving, what am I supposed to be looking at when looking through my side mirrors and rearview mirrors?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zz6w4
| 2
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.75
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df279ov",
"comment_text": [
"Use your mirrors to regulate what traffic is doing around you at all times, not just when you're changing lanes or turning. Emergency vehicles, idiots, people not slowing down as you are etc. can be noticed by simply checking your mirrors regularly. Also, it is just a good habit to be aware of your surroundings, you're sharing the road with a lot of idiots in control of 5000 lb person killing machines, i like to be able to keep tabs on what they're doing."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df277bz",
"comment_text": [
"When you are changing lanes, you look into the side mirrors to see any vehicle that may collide with yours if you attempted to change the lane. ",
"I'd remove the side mirrors if I was the only person driving on this planet."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df28p1v",
"comment_text": [
"Set your side mirrors to cover the area from your peripheral vision to the edge of the center mirror. Usually about 15 degrees out. Good situational awareness means keeping a good map of where other cars are in your head and using your vision to confirm and update this map."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df29n0z",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"ELI5 is not for:",
"Information about a specific or narrow issue (personal problems, private experiences, legal questions, medical inquiries, how-to, relationship advice, etc.) ",
"detailed rules",
"."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df284xb",
"comment_text": [
"I agree with the first post. You are always looking for options . If some unforseen event occurs and you have to react, what are your options? Can you slam on your brakes without worsening the situation. Swerve left or right without hitting someone? You should always be thinking what if? And your phone should never be in your hands while driving."
],
"score": 0
}
|
|
ELI5: why are home improvement shows always worried about bringing things up to code, even if they're not directly working on that system?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zzl62
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.67
|
Clearly it was not illegal to sell the house in that condition, since they never sue the previous owners for compensation. So why put in the effort if they going to flip it?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2akvp",
"comment_text": [
"In most areas, you have to bring something up to code when you do work on/around it. ",
"So let's say your house was built in the 1960s and the electrical was code then. If you never open up the walls, you don't have to bring it up to code. Once you do, though, you must. ",
"You can't sue the previous owners because they haven't done anything wrong. "
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2alrg",
"comment_text": [
"They need to adhere to building rules to ensure the structure is sound. If they did not do this, the TV show would be sued for any problems that might incur."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2anwt",
"comment_text": [
"Because major renovations to a house generally require city permits, and the permits require that the work is done to code."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2bs3t",
"comment_text": [
"To add, it's also desirable to bring a property up to code - you can raise property value and appeal to more potential buyers for whom current code is a higher priority."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df2e72s",
"comment_text": [
"You can't sue the previous owners because they haven't done anything wrong.",
"What about when they reveal the previous work was intentionally done incorrectly, or by someone totally incompetent? Is there any kind of statute of limitations on work done by (previous) shady contractors?"
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: when a lawsuit awards millions of dollars, why do the plaintiff and lawyer only end up with hundreds of thousands?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zvvea
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.6
|
For example, a major local law firm has been running ads that say that the plaintiff was (and I'm just making up numbers, but they're not too far off-base from the ads) awarded $14.9 million dollars, but, below it, it says "net to client: $714,205; net to lawyer: $710,333; fees: $209,215" That only accounts for about a $1.5 million. Where did the other $12.5 million disappear to?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df1rz9r",
"comment_text": [
"Pain and suffering is generally agreed to be 3x the cost of medical bills. I've heard this from both sides of attorneys. That's usually what's deemed the standard, it could be more it could be less."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df1rz9r",
"comment_text": [
"Pain and suffering is generally agreed to be 3x the cost of medical bills. I've heard this from both sides of attorneys. That's usually what's deemed the standard, it could be more it could be less."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df1hpo7",
"comment_text": [
"Could be any number of things; usually when you have lawsuits where that much money is changing hands, its unlikely that the defendant could ever reasonably pay that sum of money. Likely the 12.5 million never existed in the first place and the person or business that was sued turned over everything they had and then filed for bankruptcy. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df1hstj",
"comment_text": [
"They're a personal injury law firm, and a lot of the stories are semis and stuff. I'd figure, especially larger trucking companies, would be able to pay the $14.9 million."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df1huzh",
"comment_text": [
"You'd be surprised; most companies don't just have millions in the bank and are pretty well leveraged.",
"Also, contracting out labor in trucking is pretty standard; The judgement may have been against a driver contracted by the company and not the company itself. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5:What is a brony?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zu14i
| 0
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.43
|
I know its a male that is obsessed over My Little Pony, but how far does that go?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df13yph",
"comment_text": [
"That's about it, really. Some are obsessed, some are just fans. Some jack off to pony porn, some think that's disgusting and weird. Some just watch the show and like it, some start trying to use pony related stuff throughout their lives. ",
"It's like any fanbase, really, it varies from person to person who deep it goes. That being said, most who are just regular fans and don't really get into the bring subculture don't call themselves bronies, because of the negative stereotypes. ",
"Source: used to be a brony, left after the fanbase in general got a bit too annoying. Occasionally watch an episode here or there but stay away from brony culture. "
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df14ufg",
"comment_text": [
"The bronie culture is just a cult following among adults (usually males, hence the BRO partof it) of My Little Pony. That is the qualifier. On top of that, people take it more or less seriously than others, but it's just like being more or less of a fan of a sports team.",
"It has a stigma of \"obsession\", but really it's just a catch-all of being involved in enjoying the culture to any extent. ",
"Worth noting that it was coined by those involved, so it is not inherently negative as it is just considering yourself to be part of a specific subculture - the same way people who play a lot of games are \"gamers\", or Spandau Ballet fans are \"Fandau's\""
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df11ksq",
"comment_text": [
"Just a few examples of music made by bronies:",
"\n",
"https://youtu.be/RFKcpbfAXMw",
"\n",
"https://youtu.be/voj9MhBUaTI",
"\n",
"https://youtu.be/b6XLwIZCIQA",
"\n",
"https://youtu.be/9U0UUDy_5ik"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df118u9",
"comment_text": [
"Extrapolate "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df111m2",
"comment_text": [
"It goes way further than it should. They've even got a music scene, there's a This Exists video about it"
],
"score": 0
}
|
ELI5: Why do we not have off-road gasoline for use in non road use gasoline engines like mowers, small engines and atvs?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zs2qv
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.67
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df0jfun",
"comment_text": [
"A lot of mowers and smaller gas appliances like that are 2-stroke which require you to mix oil and gas. They don't need any special kind of gas. Neither do ATVs.",
"It literally isn't needed, so we don't have it."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df0jh82",
"comment_text": [
"(in Canada)",
"We used to have something known as Purple Gas. Non-taxed gasoline for farm use. ",
"However, since people are generally idiots, the system was abused to the point of being halted. See ",
"this article",
" from 1999"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df0l2qx",
"comment_text": [
"Off road gasoline is not as common as off road diesel but it does exist in the US. You can sometimes find it in small quantities at hardware stores, near farming towns, or directly from a refinery, but it's definitely not the norm.",
"There are several reasons for this. They overlap.",
"The primary markets for off road fuels are agriculture and industry. Factories and farmers tend to buy fuel in quantity and store it on site. Gasoline is more dangerous to store than diesel, as it produces flammable vapor, lower ignition point, etc. Also, shelf life is a major factor.",
"Gasoline, especially with ethanol added to it, has a much shorter shelf life than diesel fuel. The cost of refining ethanol free gasoline and stabilizing it often exceeds the reduced taxes, no point.",
"Also, large diesel engines are more efficient than large gasoline engines. And more durable. Diesel is the fuel of choice for a huge majority of the USAs off road fuel market."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df0jjbz",
"comment_text": [
"There is no difference in off road diesel either it is just not taxed"
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df0keif",
"comment_text": [
"I could see it being abused, if it has a dye like off road diesel it could have severe penalties for using it for on road vehicles."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: We were just taught how to calculate huge powers like 10^5 raised to the power 10^5 raised to the power something else. Why do we need such numbers?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zpg3n
| 4
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.67
|
The question said that as the numbers are too huge we have to provide its modulo with 10 We used Chinese remainder theorem and Fermat's little theorem and whatnot. So my question is are such Numbers needed in real life or are we just calculating these because we can?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezybvy",
"comment_text": [
"Huge numbers are needed to describe reality and do calculations about reality. For example, the mass of the Earth is around 6 x 10",
" kilograms. (Yes, doing physics means going Metric.) It's not just physics, either: in January 2016 the US National Debt stood at about $18.96 trillion. What's a \"trillion\"? Unless you associate that with a number, it's meaningless, and the number is so huge that you need to use power notation: a $trillion is $10",
" meaning the debt was about $18,900,000,000,000."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezygjc",
"comment_text": [
"Not a super mathy guy but I had this explained to me once as well. Normal everyday people don't really use large numbers. But large numbers ",
" used in Astronomy, Cosmology, Biology, computer science and various other fields. Especially in Astronomy, the scale of some objects in the universe is so mind-breakingly big we need the large numbers to make sense of it. Or with computers the speed can be so great that it's either write it out as 10",
" or a huge string. Another way of looking at it is in the example of a Googol 10",
" which when written out is 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df039h4",
"comment_text": [
"Knowing the basics of math is part of general education. You might not have any particular use for that ever, but it's still thought valuable that everyone has some grasp of what math is all about and what types of problems it deals with.",
"That being said, you can rather easily generalize some helpful tools from this knowledge, like for mental arithmetic or programming tasks. Multiplication and powers in general are required to read scientific number notation, and that tremendosly helps in assessing fringe probabilities like odds of winning lottery."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezyadh",
"comment_text": [
"A number raised to a power raised to a power itself is not uncommon in physics. For example, the number is e, and in the exponent you have an expression, that could very well be x",
" ",
"You need the tools to manipulate those expressions."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezybpj",
"comment_text": [
"I'm sorry I worded it wrong. We had to take three inputs and the inputs would be less than or equal to 10",
" So it isn't really any number raised to the the power itself. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5:What are film/analog cameras and why are they considered cool?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zpeyy
| 3
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.67
|
I see a lot of Instagram posts with the hashtag #filmisnotdead too, and yeah these photos have a cool retro feel to them, but are they considered better in the photography world? Like, what's so amazing about film/analog and how are they different/better than photographs taken from DSLR cameras?
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezy8nj",
"comment_text": [
"Firstly... Holy fuck does this post make me feel old.",
"2ndly it's not nessecarly that film is better than digital, its that you're more connected to the work as you have to take it and process it.. You're more in the moment with taking the photo and not distracted by a billion different settings and checking the image after each shot because you don't get to see what you've taken until your process it.",
"Film is processed into negatives from the camera roll, using chemical baths to draw out the photo and different timings and chemical applications can create different effects on the the film.\nThe negatives are then processed and blown up into prints.",
"Where film does tend to outshine digital media at least in still photography is in large format photography where you can capute images that capable of being blown up to enormous proportions "
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezyauo",
"comment_text": [
"I feel old too.",
"I think one thing people like about film is that there is a limitation on how many pictures you can take. You can't try and take a photo dozens of times like you can with digital so it feels more of an art. You can't see how a photo turns out right away either. "
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezylaf",
"comment_text": [
"All these arguments...so many words...translatable directly to art in favor of photography..."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezyveh",
"comment_text": [
"Some people like the discipline required to shoot on analogue film: you only have limited film and no instant review, so you more care is required. "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df06ds2",
"comment_text": [
"Seriously though... I've never felt older in my life. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
ELI5: Why does our "real" voice sound different to other people rather than sound like how we think it does when we speak?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zpciv
| 6
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.64
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezxmhg",
"comment_text": [
"You are hearing the sound waves created in your body THROUGH your body. Your vocal folds vibrate inside of you and that's what you hear. Try plugging your ears and speaking. You can still hear yourself AND feel the vibrations of the sounds you are making. So what others hear is only the sound waves escaping your body. You are hearing and feeling the vibrations, which is why you sound different to yourself "
],
"score": 10
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezyujs",
"comment_text": [
"Those were vibrations? I see now it makes sense. So the vibrations mess with your hearing a bit?"
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezxlyz",
"comment_text": [
"TL;DR please kind sir "
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezxqg5",
"comment_text": [
"TL;DR",
"The sound of your voice coming from your mouth vibrates through your skull then to the ear drum; going through the bone makes it sound lower pitched and how we hear it.",
"The sound of your voice coming from somewhere else (like you hearing a recording or how someone else would hear you) just go to your ear drum so it's higher pitched in comparison, even though this is how your voice actually sounds."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_df0kgwv",
"comment_text": [
"It causes you to hear what's inside your throats as well as what your ears hear"
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
(Eli5) what's the difference between all wheel drive, symmetrical all wheel drive (remember this from a commercial, Subaru I think) and 4 wheel drive?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zo2r4
| 20
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.69
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_deznxzo",
"comment_text": [
"First 4WD vs AWD.",
"4WD is generally used in Trucks and SUVs and is generally not an \"all the time\" thing, it is just engaged when it is necessary. What takes place is a mechanical locking of the differentials to ensure that all 4 wheels rotate \"as one\". what this means is all 4 wheels are rotating the same amount which aids significantly in loss of traction scenarios, but you definitely DON'T WANT during daily driving. Wheels need to be able to rotate at individual speeds especially when making turns otherwise tires will get destroyed at best, or at worst you'll end up in an accident or end up destroying the vehicle's drivetrain. ",
"AWD utilizes limited slip differentials to enable the engine to drive all 4 wheels at once, which is a happy medium for cars that often find themselves in icy situations. LSDs allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds.",
"now what Subaru offers that others don't: symmetry. ",
"The vast majority of a manufacturers lineup is front wheel drive vehicles and then for a premium, you can add AWD functionality. What does this mean? They take their front wheel drive car and slap on a drive shaft and an extra differential and tada, AWD. ",
"Subaru only makes AWD vehicles (except for the BRZ which is RWD only) and therefore they make the vehicle with the purpose of being AWD from the beginning. ",
"Now in the average vehicle, you have a transversely mounted engine which means the power from the engine comes out towards the driver's side front wheel, That power then needs to turn 90 degrees back towards the rear of the car, 90 degrees again towards the passenger's side, then once in the center, 90 degrees again towards the rear of the car. Every time you have to change the direction of the power, you lose power and create lag. Subaru's use of a boxer engine allows them to not need to change power direction at all before heading towards the rear of the car... therefore the entire drive train and by consequence power output is completely symmetrical.",
"What does this actually buy you? Well Subaru claims a better AWD system; at any rate it certainly buys you more of your engine's power making it to the wheels and slightly quicker."
],
"score": 21
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezo7o1",
"comment_text": [
"Thank you very much kind sir or madam. . Your answer cleared up my confusion, and makes total sense. Gave a great day. "
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezog1m",
"comment_text": [
"That's not correct. 4wd still allows the wheels to turn independently of each other even when all 4 are being powered by the transmission . Your description of 4wd applies to certain 4x4 vehicles that have the option to lock the differential allowing you to get out of mud/snow but not suitable for prolonged periods or dry pavement "
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_deznnlr",
"comment_text": [
"Ok I get that but as a follow up why is 4 wheel considered better in snow/mud? When plowing, off tossing etc?"
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezugfp",
"comment_text": [
"Again I think you're a victim of jargon here. Most heavy duty offroad/snow applications use a locking 4WD system that constantly sends 25% of the power to each wheel. This way the vehicle has even traction on extreme surfaces. However this layout creates a lot of stress on the mechanical parts of the vehicle. It's not a suitable design for everyday driving, you'd literally break your car doing a uturn on pavement, ir trying to drive 30mph."
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5: Why do some organizations demand the resignation of their employees rather than fire them outright, isn't the end result the same? What is the difference?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zmzlx
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 1
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezdcwh",
"comment_text": [
"Two reasons:",
"It allows the employee to save face by saying that they resigned, looks much better when you go for a new job rather than saying you were fired.",
"It's surprisingly difficult to fire people, there's all sorts of wacky unfair dismissal laws that make it far harder than it should be (people will claim all kinds of crap in court and it'll still hold up)"
],
"score": 9
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezdbl7",
"comment_text": [
"As a general rule, it's harder if not impossible to get unemployment if you quit. In every state, an employee who voluntarily quits a job without good cause is not eligible for unemployment. Different states define \"good cause\" differently. So that's definitely part of it.",
"Also, depending on how your employment contract is written, you may be eligible for money or benefits if you're fired that you wouldn't get if you were to quit. Look up \"golden parachutes\"."
],
"score": 6
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezebds",
"comment_text": [
"I see. So if an organization demands a resignation of an employee it's so that they don't have to pay the compensation and it stops the employee from filing for unemployment? That's quite a dick move..."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezlwc1",
"comment_text": [
"Its also not true.",
"An employer cannot force a resignation, the employee always has the option to be refuse and be fired instead.",
"Demanding a resignation is more about avoiding future lawsuits. The employee doesn't sue the company, the company doesn't sue the employee, and it all stays out of the papers."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezeqm8",
"comment_text": [
"Thank you! "
],
"score": 2
}
|
|
ELI5: how do crime scene investigators differentiate between relevant and irrelevant evidence?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zooot
| 4
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.75
|
I know that the tv shows might not be the most accurate, but it seems like they photograph every little thing and dust every fingerprint and document every crumb in the area.
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezsyu6",
"comment_text": [
"Cop here:",
"Every crime scene is different, but for the most part, it's common sense.",
"The impression you probably get from crime scene shows is that a lot of cases hinge on tiny pieces of forensic evidence.",
"In reality, most cases are obvious and solved quickly. The investigator usually has a decent idea on what happened, so they know where to look. ",
"Forensic evidence is mostly used to solidify cases, not bust them open.",
"In cases where there is nothing obvious, then they usually will just collect and document absolutely everything."
],
"score": 3
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezt5o8",
"comment_text": [
"What happens to evidence after a trial does it sit in a warehouse forever? Also how does certain things like videos of a crime that has been taped get released like in crime shows how do they request it. I know if some cases like the Columbine basement tapes were never released and destroyed by the police department."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezt9qx",
"comment_text": [
"It depends on what the evidence is, the status of the case, and what state law says on the matter."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezv58v",
"comment_text": [
"Basically they can't. They will routinely miss relevant evidence but scrutinize irrelevant stuff.",
"But a lot of crime scenes will look the same over and over again, so they know what things to look at that ",
" can provide evidence. So like in a violent crime, they will look under the victim's fingernails, because if the victim struggled with an attacker, there could be flakes of the attacker's skin under the victim's fingernails. And they'll take samples of any blood spatters, because the attacker might have bled too, in addition to the victim.",
"But sometimes they have no idea what evidence will turn out to be relevant. One time I saw on forensic files they found DNA from saliva on cigarette butts outside the house of a murder victim. The murderer had stalked around outside the house for a while and smoked several cigarettes, and threw them on the ground when he was done. Cigarette butts are everywhere, especially at the home of a smoker, I doubt detectives often look for that kind of thing, but this one time, it was crucial. "
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezxb21",
"comment_text": [
"How do they distinguish which are useful? If you took the cigarette butts outside s random house surely the victim, murderer and a bunch of other people turn up. Unless you have a suspect in mind, how would they work with the list of people that came up? ",
"How long could a cigarette butt sit on a sidewalk before its DNA was unrecoverable? ",
"Asking for...a friend. "
],
"score": 1
}
|
ELI5: What causes the 'beating' sound in your ear when you lie in bed with your ear against the pillow?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zkq06
| 12
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.66
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_deyu5hd",
"comment_text": [
"You're hearing your own heartbeat. ",
" "
],
"score": 28
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezhg9o",
"comment_text": [
"The seashell sound is not related to your heartbeat/pulse.\nSeashell sounds are from the local noises around you - ",
"http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2012/05/15/3500938.htm"
],
"score": 4
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezhib9",
"comment_text": [
"Your heartbeat is what causes the rhythmic pulse of blood everywhere in your body. The sound might indeed be blood flowing through blood vessels close to the ear, not blood flowing through the heart itself, but the pulse ",
" the heartbeat."
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezhpzs",
"comment_text": [
"Thank you."
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dezh4rn",
"comment_text": [
"Is it the heartbeat? I would expect the sound that is closer to your ear would be coming from the artery veins."
],
"score": 1
}
|
|
ELI5: Why would a gun silencer only work for one shot? Shooter (Netflix)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
5zlcd7
| 1
|
Other
| true
| false
| 0.6
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_deyzhps",
"comment_text": [
"In general, I would just ignore anything any TV shows or movies say about weapons and assume that it's for narrative convenience or to make things look cooler.",
"Silencers don't make guns silent. At all. You might reduce it by 15-40 decibels but when you're starting out at 140-160 decibels it's still really fucking loud."
],
"score": 5
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_deyz8co",
"comment_text": [
"I haven't seen the movie; maybe it's a make-shift silencer that will be destroyed after the first shot?",
"Generally speaking, with suppressors, the first shot is actually LOUDER than following shots, as the left-over oxygen in the can ignites on the first shot, causing a bigger noise. Afterward there is no more combustable gas in the can, so follow-up shots are a bit quieter. It's known as \"first round pop.\""
],
"score": 2
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_deyz6xf",
"comment_text": [
"At least in the movie Shooter it was "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_deyz6xf",
"comment_text": [
"At least in the movie Shooter it was "
],
"score": 1
}
|
{
"comment_id": "t1_dez9rxq",
"comment_text": [
"From what I've seen it actually looks like a water bottle painted black."
],
"score": 1
}
|
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