Split (1)

validation · 7.5k rows

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.

Input stringlengths 30.5k 34.6k	Output stringlengths 293 8.84k
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What happens to the jellyfish nematocysts when they are eaten by the haeckelia? What does the ...	Answers: What happens to the jellyfish nematocysts when they are eaten by the haeckelia? What does the bolinopsis generally eat? → Almost all ctenophores are predators – there are no vegetarians and only one genus that is partly parasitic. If food is plentiful, they can eat 10 times their own weight per day. While Ber...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What are auricles? What do lobates feed on? -------------------------------------------------...	Answers: What are auricles? What do lobates feed on? → The Lobata have a pair of lobes, which are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth. Their inconspicuous tentacles originate from the corners of the mouth, running in convoluted grooves and spreading out over the inner surface of the ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: When a pathogen has been eaten by a phagocyte it becomes trapped in what vesicle? Phagocytosis...	Answers: When a pathogen has been eaten by a phagocyte it becomes trapped in what vesicle? Phagocytosis first evolved as means of doing what? → Phagocytosis is an important feature of cellular innate immunity performed by cells called 'phagocytes' that engulf, or eat, pathogens or particles. Phagocytes generally patro...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What is most of the cleared land in the Amazon region used for? In the year 2000 how many squa...	Answers: What is most of the cleared land in the Amazon region used for? In the year 2000 how many square kilometres of the Amazon forest had been lost? → Between 1991 and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres (160,000 to 227,000 sq mi), with most of the lost ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Which sea was oil discovered in? When was the final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assem...	Answers: Which sea was oil discovered in? When was the final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly passed? → During this time, the discovery of oil in the North Sea and the following "It's Scotland's oil" campaign of the Scottish National Party (SNP) resulted in rising support for Scottish independence, as wel...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations? What does the time element in ...	Answers: What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations? What does the time element in construction mean? → A construction project is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations, each of which all parties must carefully consider. A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: How successful was the French revised efforts? In 1758 what was duc de Choiseul's plan for foc...	Answers: How successful was the French revised efforts? In 1758 what was duc de Choiseul's plan for focused military efforts? → In the aftermath of generally poor French results in most theaters of the Seven Years' War in 1758, France's new foreign minister, the duc de Choiseul, decided to focus on an invasion of Brit...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Who decides the fate of protesters most of the time? What is the main goal of criminal punishm...	Answers: Who decides the fate of protesters most of the time? What is the main goal of criminal punishment of civil disobedients? → Along with giving the offender his "just deserts", achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence is a major goal of criminal punishment. Brownlee argues, "Bringing in deterren...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Melatonin during sleep can actively counteract the production of what? Inflammation occurs dur...	Answers: Melatonin during sleep can actively counteract the production of what? Inflammation occurs during sleep times because of the presence of what molecule? → In contrast, during wake periods differentiated effector cells, such as cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), peak in order to ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What was apolitical Islam? When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism? How many rows of ...	Answers: What was apolitical Islam? When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism? → Islamists have asked the question, "If Islam is a way of life, how can we say that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not Muslims, but Islamists and beli...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: How long as the U.S. government been actively engaged in efforts to counter Islamism? What dep...	Answers: How long as the U.S. government been actively engaged in efforts to counter Islamism? What department in the U.S. spearheaded the efforts against Islamism? → The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public d...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Where was the location of the colonial government that administered the new colony? What was t...	Answers: Where was the location of the colonial government that administered the new colony? What was the name of the eastern half of the colony of 1788? → After the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland,...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What is the repulsive force of close range atom interaction? What is the force that causes rig...	Answers: What is the repulsive force of close range atom interaction? What is the force that causes rigid strength in structures? → The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact. When their electron clouds overlap, Pauli repulsion (due to fermionic nature of electrons) follo...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties? Contracts must be de...	Answers: What is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties? Contracts must be designed to ensure what? → A construction project is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations, each of which all parties must carefully consider. A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: The atomic number of the periodic table for oxygen? What type of compounds does oxygen most co...	Answers: The atomic number of the periodic table for oxygen? What type of compounds does oxygen most commonly form? → Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms comp...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What net loss did the Conservatives suffer? What was the seat of former party leader David McL...	Answers: What net loss did the Conservatives suffer? What was the seat of former party leader David McLetchie? → For the Conservatives, the main disappointment was the loss of Edinburgh Pentlands, the seat of former party leader David McLetchie, to the SNP. McLetchie was elected on the Lothian regional list and the Co...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: How was it suggested that the IPCC avoid political problems? What was one proposal to let the ...	Answers: How was it suggested that the IPCC avoid political problems? What was one proposal to let the IPCC respond to new evidence faster? → In February 2010, in response to controversies regarding claims in the Fourth Assessment Report, five climate scientists – all contributing or lead IPCC report authors – wrote i...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Where do the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to? What did the Zuider Zee brackish la...	Answers: Where do the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to? What did the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon change into? → At present, the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam. The river IJssel branch flows to the north and enters the IJsselmeer, ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: In Nepalese private schools, what is the primary language of instruction? What is a term for s...	Answers: In Nepalese private schools, what is the primary language of instruction? What is a term for schools that receive government assistance? → The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals, private organizations and religious groups. The ones that accept government ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What are some of the accepted general principles of European Union law? Which entity developed...	Answers: What are some of the accepted general principles of European Union law? Which entity developed the principles of European Union Law? → The principles of European Union law are rules of law which have been developed by the European Court of Justice that constitute unwritten rules which are not expressly provid...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What is included with each packet label How are the packets routed What is the most rainfall...	Answers: What is included with each packet label How are the packets routed → In connectionless mode each packet includes complete addressing information. The packets are routed individually, sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery. Each packet is labeled with a destination address, source ad...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: On what type of exponentiation does the Diffie–Hellman key exchange depend on? How many bits a...	Answers: On what type of exponentiation does the Diffie–Hellman key exchange depend on? How many bits are often in the primes used for RSA public key cryptography algorithms? → Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers (for example, 51...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What does the film of oxide on metals delay? What characteristic of oxygen causes it to form b...	Answers: What does the film of oxide on metals delay? What characteristic of oxygen causes it to form bonds with other elements? → Due to its electronegativity, oxygen forms chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides. The surface of most metals, such as aluminium and titanium, are oxidi...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What conflicts did the ozone mitigation reduce? Who said people involved in the ozone situatio...	Answers: What conflicts did the ozone mitigation reduce? Who said people involved in the ozone situation had "a better understanding of scientific ignorance and uncertainties"? → According to Sheldon Ungar's comparison with global warming, the actors in the ozone depletion case had a better understanding of scientific...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: When was amnesty granted to those responsible for the massacre? What group killed thousands of...	Answers: When was amnesty granted to those responsible for the massacre? What group killed thousands of Huguenots? → In what became known as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 24 August – 3 October 1572, Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris. Similar massacres took place in other towns in the weeks follo...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Trotsky thought what was needed for a true Russian revolution. Who wrote that imperialism is t...	Answers: Trotsky thought what was needed for a true Russian revolution. Who wrote that imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism? → Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperia...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What is the most snow Fresno has ever had? What is the most rainfall recorded in a 24 hour per...	Answers: What is the most snow Fresno has ever had? What is the most rainfall recorded in a 24 hour period in Fresno? → The official record high temperature for Fresno is 115 °F (46.1 °C), set on July 8, 1905, while the official record low is 17 °F (−8 °C), set on January 6, 1913. The average windows for 100 °F (37.8 ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What was the attack on the British weakness? How much gun powder was destroyed in attack? ---...	Answers: What was the attack on the British weakness? How much gun powder was destroyed in attack? → Governor Vaudreuil, who harboured ambitions to become the French commander in chief (in addition to his role as governor), acted during the winter of 1756 before those reinforcements arrived. Scouts had reported the we...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What concept did philosophers in antiquity use to study simple machines? How long did it take ...	Answers: What concept did philosophers in antiquity use to study simple machines? How long did it take to improve on Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion? → Philosophers in antiquity used the concept of force in the study of stationary and moving objects and simple machines, but thinkers such as Aristotle and Archimedes ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: In addition to recirculating water, what do condensers do? What is an example of a pump compon...	Answers: In addition to recirculating water, what do condensers do? What is an example of a pump component? → Other components are often present; pumps (such as an injector) to supply water to the boiler during operation, condensers to recirculate the water and recover the latent heat of vaporisation, and superheaters...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: How many lead authors does an IPCC report chapter have? Who do coordinating lead authors repor...	Answers: How many lead authors does an IPCC report chapter have? Who do coordinating lead authors report to? → Each chapter has a number of authors who are responsible for writing and editing the material. A chapter typically has two "coordinating lead authors", ten to fifteen "lead authors", and a somewhat larger num...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: The adaptive immune system recognizes non-self antigens during a process called what? In what ...	Answers: The adaptive immune system recognizes non-self antigens during a process called what? In what types of organisms did the adaptive immune system first evolve? → The adaptive immune system evolved in early vertebrates and allows for a stronger immune response as well as immunological memory, where each pathogen...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Who is seen as the ultimate climate change authority? What can the IPCC's report deadlines cau...	Answers: Who is seen as the ultimate climate change authority? What can the IPCC's report deadlines cause to be omitted? → Since the IPCC does not carry out its own research, it operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies, and its schedule for producing ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What tactic did researchers employ to offset the former deficit of work surrounding the comple...	Answers: What tactic did researchers employ to offset the former deficit of work surrounding the complexity of algorithmic problems? In the most basic sense what did a Turing machine emulate? → Before the actual research explicitly devoted to the complexity of algorithmic problems started off, numerous foundations wer...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Why were Southern Chinese ranked lower? Who did the Yuan's increase in commerce help? -------...	Answers: Why were Southern Chinese ranked lower? Who did the Yuan's increase in commerce help? → The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols, and had nothing to do with their ethnicity. The earlier they surrendered to the...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What do wages work in the same way as for any other good? How is income inequality generally v...	Answers: What do wages work in the same way as for any other good? How is income inequality generally viewed by workers? → In a purely capitalist mode of production (i.e. where professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or b...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: A problem set that that is hard for the expression NP can also be stated how? The complexity o...	Answers: A problem set that that is hard for the expression NP can also be stated how? The complexity of problems often depends on what? → This motivates the concept of a problem being hard for a complexity class. A problem X is hard for a class of problems C if every problem in C can be reduced to X. Thus no problem ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Who gave a negative connotation to civil disobedience in recent history? Who noted the differe...	Answers: Who gave a negative connotation to civil disobedience in recent history? Who noted the different current uses of civil disobedience? → It has been argued that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen notes, "It has been used t...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Which entity developed the principles of European Union Law? What are some of the accepted gen...	Answers: Which entity developed the principles of European Union Law? What are some of the accepted general principles of European Union law? → The principles of European Union law are rules of law which have been developed by the European Court of Justice that constitute unwritten rules which are not expressly provid...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What is a typical configuration What were X.25 and Frame relay used for What are colloblasts...	Answers: What is a typical configuration What were X.25 and Frame relay used for → Both X.25 and Frame Relay provide connection-oriented operations. But X.25 does it at the network layer of the OSI Model. Frame Relay does it at level two, the data link layer. Another major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay is t...