q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2acy00 | what causes historical change? | In class I a learning about how marxism explains a lot of history as the result of class warfare. I found his explanation very powerful as it explained why history is path dependent since the behavior of people during these class conflicts are unpredictable.
Anyway, are there other modern alternatives to these explana... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2acy00/what_causes_historical_change/ | {
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"Your question about alternative explanations for what causes historical change is a question of *historiography*, which can be roughly defined as the method or approach an historian takes to historical evidence. So, as you say, Marxist interpreta... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1rzwdb | why are my motor skills so bad for the first few minutes after i wake up? | So, I broke a mug this morning - intended to put it on my kitchen counter, but my stupid body dropped it on the stupid floor.
I don't usually feel dehydrated or cranky or anti-social after I wake up (some people have posted on ELI5 about those kind of morning symptoms), it's just that my coordination sucks. My balanc... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rzwdb/eli5_why_are_my_motor_skills_so_bad_for_the_first/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Your brain is still rebooting.\n"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
8aki83 | Why do inertia and gravitation cancel out? | More massive objects experience a stronger gravitational attraction, but they also have more inertia. These cancel out exactly, so that all objects experience the same acceleration due to gravity. Is there any reason why this must be the case? Can we imagine a universe where inertia increases more slowly with mass than... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8aki83/why_do_inertia_and_gravitation_cancel_out/ | {
"a_id": [
"dwzewd0",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"That's connected to the [equivalence principle](_URL_0_). Inertial mass and gravitational mass are found to be the same. Within Einstein's theory of general relativity it becomes clearer that they would cancel out: mass ind... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principle"
],
[]
] | |
2q3bti | is foam soap or regular soap better? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2q3bti/eli5_is_foam_soap_or_regular_soap_better/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Seems like the answer to that question will depend mainly on personal preference. Me, I like regular soap, and I deliberately don't use the kind with triclosan if I have an option.",
"Depends on your priorities, regular ... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | ||
28guif | When were the first dinosaur bones discovered and what was public reaction to the news? | This can be either discovery in ancient times or more recently (preferably both, if there is any evidence of possible discovery in ancient times).
Sometimes I think about how crazy it is that we had, essentially, these dragon-like creatures at one point existing on our planet. I expect when the first bones were discov... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/28guif/when_were_the_first_dinosaur_bones_discovered_and/ | {
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"text": [
"You might want to check out the [this](_URL_0_) section of the [FAQ](_URL_2_). I'm sure it'll help and [this](_URL_1_) link in parti... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/science#wiki_historical_views_about_fossils_and_dinosaurs",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1z9awc/what_was_the_worlds_reaction_to_the_discovery_of/cfrsg49",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/faq"
],
[
"http://www.sciences36... | |
3liloc | heart attacks, cardiac arrest, arrhythmia - when are cpr and defibrillators used and how? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3liloc/eli5heart_attacks_cardiac_arrest_arrhythmia_when/ | {
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"text": [
"A heart attack is a blockage in an artery that feeds the heart and so the heart muscle is being starved of oxygen.\n\nCardiac arrest is when the heart stops beating. This is quite often wrongly referred to as a heart attack by the media. \n\nAr... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
759huj | Are Sociopaths aware of their lack of empathy and other human emotions due to environmental observation of other people? | Ex: We may not be aware of other languages until we are exposed to a conversation that we can't understand; at that point we now know we don't possess the ability to speak multiple languages.
Is this similar with Sociopaths? They see the emotion, are aware of it and just understand they lack it or is it more of a con... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/759huj/are_sociopaths_aware_of_their_lack_of_empathy_and/ | {
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"score": [
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304,
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227,
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"text": [
"I've found one research project where researchers investigates self-insight amongst teens diagnosed as p... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/antisocial-personality-disorder"
],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mask_of_Sanity",
"http://www.kevindutton.co.uk/the-psychopath-mixing-desk/"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1s7vbr | How did they prevent counterfeiting of paper money before modern things like holograms, fluorescent ink, and microprinting? | So I was reading the history of paper money and it just seems to me it would be pretty easy to counterfeit paper money especially the earlier [versions](_URL_0_). Now I know that people eventually increased the complexity of the designs to make it harder to copy but I just feel that counterfeiters would still have the ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1s7vbr/how_did_they_prevent_counterfeiting_of_paper/ | {
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"text": [
"First of all counterfeiting was punishable by a death, a grave enough consequence for most. But when death did not deter [vignettes](_URL_2_) were used. Vignettes small illustration that fades into its background without a definite border were an... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banknote#Development_in_China"
] | [
[
"http://asianhistory.about.com/od/asianinventions/fl/The-Invention-of-Paper-Money.htm",
"http://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/en/137Kaleidoscope11916.html",
"http://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html"
]
] | |
ofx6a | Could there be any material in the solar system older than 4.5 billion years? | I assume that material from other star systems is of a different age than that in our own Solar system, therefore could be possible that there is extrasolar material floating around our own Solar system, or even here on Earth that originated somewhere else and is older than 4.5 billion years? What are the chances? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ofx6a/could_there_be_any_material_in_the_solar_system/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Sure, we even have some of them at my astronomy dept. _URL_0_"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presolar_grains"
]
] | |
1wp574 | When did the color red start meaning stop and the color green start meaning go? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1wp574/when_did_the_color_red_start_meaning_stop_and_the/ | {
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"text": [
"hi! there's always room for more input, but meanwhile, check out this post \n\n[How did we come to choose green, yellow and red as the standard colors for traffic lights?](_URL_0_)\n\nfrom the [Traffic](_URL_1_) section in... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ohedb/how_did_we_come_to_choose_green_yellow_and_red_as/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/economics#wiki_traffic"
],
[]
] | ||
29to95 | what are tennis players looking for when they request 3-4 tennis balls and immediately toss 1-2 of them back? | (also, go Djokovic! :P)
Edit: Thank you all for a good discussion/explanation! I hope you are all ready for the Wimbledon final! Djokovic v Federer. :) | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/29to95/eli5_what_are_tennis_players_looking_for_when/ | {
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"I believe it is to do ... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://www.itftennis.com/media/136151/136151.pdf"
],
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8mlc6u | how do the patterns on cows (or other animals with patterns on their skins) form? what determines their forms? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8mlc6u/eli5_how_do_the_patterns_on_cows_or_other_animals/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Following question: What determine our finger printing?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1exxa2 | why does water clean everything? | I got to thinking... if we want anything clean, we use water. You can wipe off a chalkboard better than an eraser. We take showers. It goes in the washing machine & dishwasher. We wash our cars with it. We could try with rags or anything else, but it's never as clean.
How come? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1exxa2/eli5_why_does_water_clean_everything/ | {
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"text": [
"Water is a fantastic solvent. It is often called the universal solvent. ",
"I don't know the answer, but I just want to say I think the question is one o... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2cfc2o | Continental Saxons and Anglo-Saxons? | 1. By 1066, how similar were the two peoples?
2. Did they communicate at all? In other words, was there an official Saxon 'community'?
3. Did Paganism manage to survive in either community?
4. Why didn't Anglo-Saxons attempt to return to Germany following the Norman conquest?
Thanks. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2cfc2o/continental_saxons_and_anglosaxons/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"I'll talk about questions 1, 2, and 3. \n\nAs for 4, well I think the answer's simply that the Anglo-Saxons no longer lived on the continent. They saw themselves as people who lived on *Englalond* and rightly so, because they'd been there for ab... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
byjdjj | can a us state declare independence? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/byjdjj/eli5_can_a_us_state_declare_independence/ | {
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"text": [
"It would require an act of Congress and the President to allow something like that, and they would never allow it. \n\nThe last time states tried this it started the Civil War, whi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
9wcoso | why does benadryl feel stronger sometimes than others? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9wcoso/eli5_why_does_benadryl_feel_stronger_sometimes/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"I’m not quite sure but I always take the same dose of melatonin and it definitely hits faster/better on an empty stomach. Could be related to absorption rate?",
"There's a few different potential re... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
9d7jwq | why does coffee give me weird jittery anxiety, but other caffeinated drinks (such as tea or red bull) do not? | I drank a cup of coffee the other day, and then remembered why I never drink coffee. Is there some sort of chemical in the coffee that causes this? It can't be the caffeine because other caffeinated drinks don't have the same effect. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9d7jwq/eli5_why_does_coffee_give_me_weird_jittery/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
3,
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Do you for example, put sugar and cream in your coffee but drink sugar-free energy drinks? Sugar would do that. Tea also generally doesn't have a ton of caffiene, and as 12oz red bull has about the same... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2h6n27 | why are spicy things generally red? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2h6n27/eli5_why_are_spicy_things_generally_red/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Capsaicin (the chemical usually responsible for 'spicyness') is produced by a specific group of peppers. The best known and most popular is the chili pepper, which is - you guessed it - red. But it's pe... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1se0yj | When did (working, busy) waking hours cease to be only light hours for humans? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1se0yj/when_did_working_busy_waking_hours_cease_to_be/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Not at all within my area of expertise, but I have read the works of Schivelbusch - while he doesn't specifically go into different countries and such, he does show how there is a very close interplay between the invention of other light sources ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1dyl9r | How much of the aeroplanes in WWII were fitted with cameras ? | When did this begin and how much of that footage has been kept ? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1dyl9r/how_much_of_the_aeroplanes_in_wwii_were_fitted/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Are you referring to specifically reconnaissance aircraft or fighters with gun cameras? (not sure the latter existed at all in WWII) \n\nOften times footage, if it exists, is only in hard copy form so perhaps if you have a s... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.archives.gov/research/military/ww2/photos/"
]
] | |
790oh3 | What do we know about post traumatic stress in tribal societies? | Would it be just as common but under reported?
Or are there perhaps better social supports in place to help cope? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/790oh3/what_do_we_know_about_post_traumatic_stress_in/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"According to a trauma class in grad school, some tribal societies had tribal grieving - when one person died, it wasn't just the problem of the immediate family, the entire tribe felt it and grieved as a group, which led to better results. Unfor... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
54c2hx | why is oversleeping even possible? shouldn't your body wake itself up once it has gotten enough rest? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/54c2hx/eli5_why_is_oversleeping_even_possible_shouldnt/ | {
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"text": [
"Your definition of oversleeping may be different than that of your body's. If you go to sleep at midnight, knowing you have to get up at 6 a.m., but your... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
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[]
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2otrej | How does a body "digest" a tumor if it dies? | Do you poop it out, throw it up, absorb it? What's the deal | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2otrej/how_does_a_body_digest_a_tumor_if_it_dies/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"There are two main ways that tissues are absorbed. One is where they die by apoptosis, programmed cell death. In that case the cells themselves take care of their own dismemberment into basic chemicals and cellular fragments. The other is by ne... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
ffsopa | why did "window duplication" happen on older pc systems when programs got frozen? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ffsopa/eli5_why_did_window_duplication_happen_on_older/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The screen back then was a frame buffer so when a window was displayed it was stored as pixels in it. The result is that the hidden part of a window or desktop is not stored when not visible. This was done because of the low... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
wfzed | Technocracy: a form of government in which experts (such as economists, engineers, and scientists) would be in control of all decision making. What's the closest example of a technocracy in the real world, and what are/were the outcomes of this form of government? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/wfzed/technocracy_a_form_of_government_in_which_experts/ | {
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34,
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12,
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"text": [
"You're misunderstan... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy#Singapore"
],
[],
[
"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15751179"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocracy_movement",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocracy",
"http://monthlyreview.org/2009/05/01/why-socialism"
],
[],
... | ||
7dkxf4 | auditing the federal reserve | Don't we already get transcripts 5 years later? Is it just for conspiracy theorists? Would the Federal Reserve be politicized by congress? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7dkxf4/eli5_auditing_the_federal_reserve/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
3,
5
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"text": [
"The way we currently audit the Federal Reserve allows for several things to occur that aren't awesome. First, the annual audit has no deadline. This means that the audit from 2002 (random number) could still be in progress i... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_12784.htm"
]
] | |
542pcg | How did colonial institutions reinforce social injustice in Latin America? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/542pcg/how_did_colonial_institutions_reinforce_social/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7yfrxo"
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"score": [
3
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"text": [
"I've written a bit on miscegenation in colonial Peru [here](_URL_0_). I'd welcome any further questions on that.\n\nThis is a huge topic though, so are there any particular regions or topics you were interested in?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/20gdxx/how_were_antimiscegenation_laws_justified_during/cg30n2k"
]
] | ||
3dfijo | why is there much talk about building human colonies in space (i.e. moon, mars), but no talk about building in earth's oceans, which is seemingly easier? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3dfijo/eli5why_is_there_much_talk_about_building_human/ | {
"a_id": [
"ct4mr39",
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"score": [
3,
2
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"text": [
"Building colonies in space or on other bodies in space would actually be easier in a lot of ways than building in the ocean. Pressure is the big one here; past a certain point and we just don't have the materials or science ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
ho3t1 | "a little water just came out of my nose" Why does it hurt? Its just water! | Google fails me for why it actually hurt. Is it just me or does it mildly stings in the upper throat area for several minutes after the incident? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ho3t1/a_little_water_just_came_out_of_my_nose_why_does/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1wz7x6"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"I'm not at all sure of what the responses might be, but I know that a similar pain occurs in users of Neti Pots if they use pure water instead of saline.\n\nSo speculatively, I'd theorize that it might be tied to cellular damage caused by hypoton... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5jq1rf | what does it take for a war to become a world war, and why isn't the current war against isis and other groups in syria a world war? there are so many countries involved. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5jq1rf/eli5_what_does_it_take_for_a_war_to_become_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbi20zm"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I would have to say it has to do with the fact that\nA) Isis isn't a country\nB) no one is aligned with isis"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
g3nlhp | currency invention | ELI5 How can currencies, crypto in particular, just be invented? And how do they become so valuable? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/g3nlhp/eli5_currency_invention/ | {
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"score": [
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14,
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"text": [
"they go beep boop and a currency is invented.\n\nseriously this is how it happens. I can invent noodles dollars and say 1 noodles bucks... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
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] | |
bkad87 | is it possible to have a heavy element to have the same amount of neutrons as protons and would it be stable? | I've noticed the further up in the periodic table the more neutrons an element has. Would it be possible to have an element like Uranium have exactly the same amount neutrons as protons? Would it be possible with other elements? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bkad87/eli5_is_it_possible_to_have_a_heavy_element_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"emf6sso",
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"score": [
10,
4
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"text": [
" > I've noticed the further up in the periodic table the more neutrons an element has.\n\nYes. [This plot](_URL_0_) shows the stability regions for stable isotopes. As the elements get heavier, there are more neutrons re... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_stability_of_isotopes#/media/File:Isotopes_and_half-life.svg"
],
[]
] | |
2ft6mq | Do we know the names of any ordinary people from Ancient Egypt? | I've always assumed that names like Ramesses and Akhenaten and Nefertiti were "special" names for royalty - you wouldn't hear two Egyptian labourers saying "And did you hear about Ramesses from across the river? He's only gone and got that Nefertiti from round the house of reeds way knocked up", for instance.
Then I r... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ft6mq/do_we_know_the_names_of_any_ordinary_people_from/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckd05qe"
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"text": [
"We do actually.\n\n_URL_1_\n\n\"The People\n\nSince the reigns of Ramesses II and his successors there comes a wealth of evidence in the form of ostraca, papyri, stelae and tomb inscriptions, which tell the names of the workmen and their wives an... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/medina.htm#ixzz3Cm9S4Eeu",
"http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/medina.htm"
]
] | |
6njqo8 | did the japanese ever portray nazis in manga? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6njqo8/did_the_japanese_ever_portray_nazis_in_manga/ | {
"a_id": [
"dka2qla"
],
"score": [
8
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"text": [
"In what sense do you mean? If you mean has it ever been done at all? Then yes I can pick one off my shelf that does. Black Lagoon in this case has a story arc involving Nazi artifacts and flashes back to WW2 for it. I can remember several others ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
42c24j | how to rubix cube world records work? | Of course certain solutions would be easier to do then others right? Whats stopping me from turning the thing twice and saying that i got the world record? Is it just an agreed upon thing that it must be scrambled in a certain way? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/42c24j/eli5_how_to_rubix_cube_world_records_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"cz95m3i"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"They are scrambled randomly. There is a minimum number of turns (turning one way, and then back doesn't count. Turning one way once, and the same way again once more only counts for 1) that I don't remember. Once you get that many (I think it'... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1mfl94 | how can one drop of poison kill so many people | When I hear that one drop can kill 20 people, I think "How can one drop of poison be that potent?" How does that exactly work? What makes the poison so potent? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1mfl94/eli5how_can_one_drop_of_poison_kill_so_many_people/ | {
"a_id": [
"cc8rbxq"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"The potency of the poison depends on how strongly it binds to its target, how large the molecule is and what the target is.\n\nFor instance, ricin prevents cells producing proteins. This process is essential for cellular function. Botulinum preve... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4fgz6n | why is google (online search) such a great spell checker whereas my inbuilt spell checkers in ios, or even android is so rubbish in suggesting the right spelling? why can't they integrate both? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4fgz6n/eli5_why_is_google_online_search_such_a_great/ | {
"a_id": [
"d28qgiq",
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"score": [
48,
5,
16,
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"text": [
"I would assume Google is a much better spell checker because it draws on the almost limitless amount of words on the Internet and recognizes phrases and sentence structure better... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
bhxtca | why are the clips on all car seat belts different to clips on all airlines? | Push the red button vs. Lift the flap | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bhxtca/eli5_why_are_the_clips_on_all_car_seat_belts/ | {
"a_id": [
"elx0505"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"While the red button is easier to push, there is less room for mechanical error with the lift the flap method, which means less maintenance."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7y4ua5 | what is bank fraud? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7y4ua5/eli5what_is_bank_fraud/ | {
"a_id": [
"dudpjw9"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Intentionally doing something to defraud a bank and get money you dont own.\n\nSimplest easy to execute example:\n\n If you have 3 bank accounts and you are broke. \nToday is the 12th. You know you get paid on the 15th and will have money but you... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
88q6ka | Why is it that alloying one metal (copper) with another metal that is softer (tin) creates a product (bronze) that is harder than copper, not softer? Is there something about the process of alloying itself that creates hardness? | I've taken up metalworking lately, I started cold working copper, moved up to casting, alloying and hot working copper, brass and bronze and about a month ago I started learning how to forge iron. I've learned a lot of metallurgical science, especially as a result of learning about heat treating, the mollecular stuff t... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/88q6ka/why_is_it_that_alloying_one_metal_copper_with/ | {
"a_id": [
"dwmi5j4"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Metals like gold and copper are soft when pure because the regular arrangement of their crystal lattice allows them to slide easily over each other. \n\nThe alloying distorts the regular arrangements of atoms. This makes it more difficult for th... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
8u4242 | how are different marijuana strains made? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8u4242/eli5_how_are_different_marijuana_strains_made/ | {
"a_id": [
"e1ckfvv",
"e1cmj4g",
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],
"score": [
4,
5,
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],
"text": [
"What the previous guy said but also by mixing these different plants. And I quote \"This is like if that Blue Oyster shit met that Afghan Kush I had - and they had a baby. And then, meanwhile, that craz... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
e050hc | Terms like the Dark Ages are now considered outdated. What’s the general ‘catch all’ term for that period now? Or have the periods been thoroughly broken up? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/e050hc/terms_like_the_dark_ages_are_now_considered/ | {
"a_id": [
"f8davfx"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"Your question gets at an important problem that the field has been struggling with, well since always. If these are the \"Middle Ages\" or the \"Dark Ages\" they clearly have to be contrasted with something. Middle Ages implies a beginning and ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2x0x0f | please can someone translate this in layman's terms? (an excerpt from an academic journal) | Hope this is appropriate for ELI5
Trying to analyse this academic article. However I don't understand half the words in this paragraph
> The headlines were randomly collected by an automated news aggregator (RSS-reader)7 during the period 1 January,
2013--31 December, 2013. This was done in order to (a) inductively-... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2x0x0f/eli5_please_can_someone_translate_this_in_laymans/ | {
"a_id": [
"covvk6l",
"covwn1s"
],
"score": [
5,
3
],
"text": [
"Basically:\n\nThey collected headlines from articles using some sort of software. This collection took place all of 2013. They did this to A) develop a model of what types of headlines are being created, B) analyze the words... | [] | [
"tv2.dk"
] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deixis"
]
] | |
adco9s | why do some greenscreens look painfully obvious and lower quality than others? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/adco9s/eli5_why_do_some_greenscreens_look_painfully/ | {
"a_id": [
"edfrz99",
"edfsjod",
"edftev5"
],
"score": [
4,
7,
2
],
"text": [
"Bc some people rush through and basically just copy and paste the picture in in the background while others take their time",
"A myriad of reasons ranging from a poor camera setup and staging/lighti... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aO3JgPUJ6iQ"
]
] | ||
1jqo3p | does rogaine work, and if so, how? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1jqo3p/eli5_does_rogaine_work_and_if_so_how/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbhcdej",
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"cbhg3vy",
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"c... | [] | [] | [
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[
"http://i.imgur.com/Mi5Yf4lh.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/BvzclD1.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/6uLYZPK.jpg"
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8zs36b | can you explain me why or why not we should refrain from killing spiders in one's house? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8zs36b/eli5_can_you_explain_me_why_or_why_not_we_should/ | {
"a_id": [
"e2l20by",
"e2l2t0d"
],
"score": [
13,
9
],
"text": [
"More spiders, less other bugs? At least, that’s what I tell myself when I’m too wimpy to squish the 8 legged demon spawns.",
"Spiders are our bros! They eat ants, flies, and other bugs! They also usually keep to themsel... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1p5es1 | how this scientists draw the conclusion that the universe will one day 'collapse on itself', why can't it grow forever? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1p5es1/eli5_how_this_scientists_draw_the_conclusion_that/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccyx1f5",
"ccyyyh2"
],
"score": [
6,
3
],
"text": [
"That's no longer scientific consensus. Originally, we thought the big bang flung everything apart, but eventually the energy would be dissipated and gravity would slowly pull everything back together.\n\nWe've since discover... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe"
]
] | ||
6m4vz2 | how did people not question all of the words shakespeare came up with? | How did so many of Shakespeare's words catch on? Now adays if someone made up a bunch of words we would say "wait what?! Those aren't words!" So how did Shakespearean words like "blushing, impede, mimic, torture, etc." take root and become normal in English language? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6m4vz2/eli5_how_did_people_not_question_all_of_the_words/ | {
"a_id": [
"djywtkf",
"djyygx7",
"djyygy6"
],
"score": [
10,
6,
4
],
"text": [
"It is unlikely that Shakespeare made up words out of nowhere. He recorded words known at the time, invented basic words by combining others in ways that would be easily understood. What he did invent w... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
4aolk0 | what do antidepressants do for people who are not depressed? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4aolk0/eli5_what_do_antidepressants_do_for_people_who/ | {
"a_id": [
"d125600",
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"d12d81h",
"d12efwv",
"d12ej6k",
"d12euuc",
"d12ewvb",
"d12exux",
"d... | [] | [] | [
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dmj2zi | Other than the Iliad, are there any other sources regarding Troy? | In Herodotus's *Histories* he says the son of Priam took Helen to Egypt and when they tried to tell the Greeks that Helen was not in the city they did not believe the Trojans. He learned this from the Egyptians and believed there was enough evidence to support it. This detail was omitted from Homer's Iliad. Do Histor... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/dmj2zi/other_than_the_iliad_are_there_any_other_sources/ | {
"a_id": [
"f51366y"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Well, there are remains of a city called Ilion and/or Troy in northwest Anatolia; however, that doesn't necessarily make that place \"the\" Troy of legend or the one in the Iliad. [This older post](_URL_0_) goes into detail about it."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1rjij8/do_we_know_for_sure_that_troy_existed/cdnx6i6/"
]
] | |
c3e8zx | how does an international debit/credit transaction work? | For example, I go to the UK with a US debit card and purchase something. What actually happens from that moment all the way until the transaction completes? Obviously, there are no British Pounds in that US bank account, yet people do it all the time. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c3e8zx/eli5_how_does_an_international_debitcredit/ | {
"a_id": [
"erqfx4e"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"There are 5 parties in any card transaction: the purchaser, the issuing bank (the bank who issues the purchasers card), the payment network (Visa, MasterCard, etc.), the merchant's bank, and the merchant.\n\nThe merchant and the purchaser approve... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1nqo0r | Does the body absorb water through the skin while swimming for example. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1nqo0r/does_the_body_absorb_water_through_the_skin_while/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccl583d"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Yes, however it's important to realize that the skin is a more complicated barrier than say, rubber. The skin is made up of multiple layers, so while the skin can become more hydrated than normal (this doesn't mean wrinkly -- that's a nervous sys... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
e88f6x | what is a military security clearance in the us, why is it beneficial to potential employees, and how do you get it? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/e88f6x/eli5_what_is_a_military_security_clearance_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"fa9sg4g",
"fa9z7b0"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Ok. Security clearance have various levels. It’s basically you being investigated for all aspects to determine who you are, how trustworthy you are and whether there is something you did that’s a warning sign. For instance i... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
112e5v | what does it mean if your sample size is smaller than your margin of error? | I'm specifically referring to something like the recent unemployment report released for September by the B of Labor Stats. Their sample size is 60,000 households per month but I was reading it and noticed their margin of error is 100,000. What gives? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/112e5v/eli5_what_does_it_mean_if_your_sample_size_is/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6iombw"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"It doesn't mean anything. They're two different numbers that aren't really related; the sample size is the size of your sample, while the margin of error shows you the range of possible results for the entire population."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
131jqq | What would it take for an aircraft carrier to fly? | I am watching the avengers and was wondering, if it was possible, what it would take to make an aircraft carrier fly with the kind of propulsion showed in the movie. If that was not possible, what would be needed to make it fly? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/131jqq/what_would_it_take_for_an_aircraft_carrier_to_fly/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6zznf4",
"c6zzy98"
],
"score": [
5,
11
],
"text": [
"100,000 tons.\n\nthe MV22 weighs 27 tons (all up) and has 10,000hp with disc loading of 100kg/sq m.\n\nScale it up and you need 40million hp (30GW) and 1 million sq m ( 1000m x 1000m, or 1 sq km) of disc area to lift 100,00... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/07/could-s-h-i-e-l-d-helicarrier-fly/"
]
] | |
3np0vz | How did the USSR obtain nuclear weapons in the first place? | The way I understand it, at the end of WWII the United States was the only country in the world with nuclear weapons, the Manhattan Project was one of their most top-secret projects, and the raw materials for nuclear weapons are extremely difficult and time consuming to produce. Was it a surprise when the US governmen... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3np0vz/how_did_the_ussr_obtain_nuclear_weapons_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvq31kg"
],
"score": [
54
],
"text": [
"You seem to have two different questions in here. One is the title one. The answer is: despite their ravaging by the war, after Hiroshima, Stalin made creating an atomic bomb a top priority. The project (headed by Beria, who also ran the secret ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3nc629/what_specifically_did_the_rosenbergs_give_to_the/cvmt414"
]
] | |
4x67a5 | how is it possible for ocean currents to shift or stop entirely? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4x67a5/eli5_how_is_it_possible_for_ocean_currents_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"d6d1lv2"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"See _URL_1_'s article on [*High-latitude volcanic eruptions affect ocean circulation for decades*](_URL_0_)\n\n > But the volcanic event also brings long-term changes to two ocean circulation fronts: The Atlantic meridional overturning circulatio... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://phys.org/news/2015-11-high-latitude-volcanic-eruptions-affect-ocean.html",
"phys.org"
]
] | ||
8av3yp | why was new orleans spared during the civil war? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8av3yp/eli5_why_was_new_orleans_spared_during_the_civil/ | {
"a_id": [
"dx1t7hy",
"dx291nf"
],
"score": [
9,
3
],
"text": [
"Spared how? The US Navy ran the forts and seized the city. The South never mounted a serious effort to retake it. However, maybe you should look up Benjamin “Beast” Butler.",
"As an European I would love to know and r... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1hbtwg | Are there any accurate representations (Computer simulations, re-enactments etc.) of what specific battles/wars looked like from a participants or an overview perspective? | I think one of the hardest things Ive had to deal with during my learning of history is the lack of understanding of what these battles/wars looked like in reality. We seem to have a great understanding of the statistics and tactical plans of these wars but before the age of the digital camera I just have no clue what ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1hbtwg/are_there_any_accurate_representations_computer/ | {
"a_id": [
"casv3h3",
"casvo7y",
"caswosb",
"cat1pih"
],
"score": [
5,
8,
3,
4
],
"text": [
"I heard that [the battle scene in 'Rome'](_URL_0_) was a pretty accurate representation of how Roman soldiers fought. ",
"I'd wager your best bet is films. There is a section f... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxLqx8xF9Pw"
],
[],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SVC_9V8K5Y",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYsc4tfjct8",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_and_Peace_(film_series\\)",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k97nvOSBDnk",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch... | |
606h4b | doesn't it make more sense to spend than save, considering inflation is degrading the value of my savings year by year? | To a certain extent of course. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/606h4b/eli5_doesnt_it_make_more_sense_to_spend_than_save/ | {
"a_id": [
"df3u846",
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"df3udrc",
"df3upwl",
"df427u1"
],
"score": [
9,
2,
4,
22,
2
],
"text": [
"Sure, if you know for a 100% fact that nothing bad is ever gonna happen ever and you're gonna die right as your last penny runs out or sooner than that.....\... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2pdbex | when i touch a radio (specifically the antenna), signal comes in clearer | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2pdbex/eli5_when_i_touch_a_radio_specifically_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmvl7uo",
"cmvo5hw",
"cmvtnyk",
"cmvx3a1",
"cmw2ew0"
],
"score": [
2,
11,
4,
217,
20
],
"text": [
"Your body is being used as an antenna when you do that. \n\nBigger antenna = better signal. Simple.",
"Followup question:\n\nI've noticed this phenome... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2uez1p | why are dogs in general more friendly than cats? | Edit: Cats are independent assholes | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2uez1p/eli5_why_are_dogs_in_general_more_friendly_than/ | {
"a_id": [
"co7s1pz",
"co7ukm8"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"they're more social animals. cats are solitary in nature.",
"They're pack animals, thus more social by nature."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1b2i69 | Can someone explain how heat works in regards molecules? | What happens to each single molecule when you heat them. I understand they start to vibrate and that can cause them to change but what I dont understand is how the heat source interacts with the heated molecules. Do they transfer electrons? I imagine their is some sort of exchange of energy but how does this cause the ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1b2i69/can_someone_explain_how_heat_works_in_regards/ | {
"a_id": [
"c931izg"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Pardon is the language is too simple - you never know who might read. \n\nOften it's by direct collision, like two pool balls bouncing off each other, or bouncing off the rail of a pool table. This is what happens when gasses and liquids are invo... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
y4p98 | why does water increase grip for fingers on pages etc? | Why does water decrease grip for most things like tyres on roads, but wetting fingers allows easier turning of pages/opening plastic bags? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/y4p98/eli5_why_does_water_increase_grip_for_fingers_on/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5sbaww"
],
"score": [
12
],
"text": [
"Okay, imagine you just spilled some coffee on a book. You know how it sort of spreads out from where it originally hit the page and winds up being like twice the size of the original stain? This is because of how water interacts with paper--it's... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1ywo5f | Can anyone provide a rundown or good resource for a rundown of all of the duties and jobs aboard ships during the golden age of piracy? | Pretty much just as the title says. What king of numbers worked on an average, medium size, fully staffed ship? Was their a different between pirates/privateers/buccaneers and ships of the crown eg Spain and England? What was considered understaffed? Is there any book or resource that gives a rundown of this sort of in... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ywo5f/can_anyone_provide_a_rundown_or_good_resource_for/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Oh boy, let's see. Just a warning, I'm in class and on Mobile so I'll edit this when I have actual resources. Just going off memory right now. \n\nThere was obviously a Captain. He ran the ship in the way the governemnt runs a country. It was som... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3e0jxh | why do companies like hbo rescrict their content to usa? as a non usa resident this only motivates me to pirate game of thrones instead of paying for it so why? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3e0jxh/eli5why_do_companies_like_hbo_rescrict_their/ | {
"a_id": [
"ctaddx7"
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"score": [
4
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"text": [
"Because they made a deal with distributors outside the US to give them the rights to distribute that content in their area of operation. If they didn't restrict the content, people in that region could easily go to the source and this would under... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1m2lsx | how did tony abbott win? | Hey ELI5, I am a bit of novice when following politics from other countries. Can someone simply, but thoroughly explain how Tony Abbott won the Australian election when it seems like so many dislike him? It also seems like he has very strong views on certain controversial subjects; this usually doesn't appear in politi... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1m2lsx/how_did_tony_abbott_win/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"In Australia one man owns 3/4s of all the newspapers and other media outlets. It turns out that that man supports Tony Abbott's party. This means that the average Australian will be constantly inundated with stories about ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
16g336 | the affordable care act enables us to buy insurance "across state lines." why is this valuable and what was stopping us from doing it before? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/16g336/the_affordable_care_act_enables_us_to_buy/ | {
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"text": [
"Insurance is regulated, historically, at the state level based on state level mandates and state level departments of insurance, so what is a compliant plan in one state may or may not be a compliant pl... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
5hq653 | why is it that one persons brain will be really good at understanding knowledge in one subject that someone else really struggles with but is able to understand other subjects really well? | To clarify further..
I'm doing a CS degree, I'm able to pick up the knowledge of the subject really well, but I seriously suck at geography, so what's going in my brain to allow me to understand CS really well but not geography, and that allows the other person to understand geography really well, but not CS (not spec... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5hq653/eli5_why_is_it_that_one_persons_brain_will_be/ | {
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"text": [
"If you are doing a CS degree you might have heard of Neural Networks in Computational Intelligence. Our brain works kind of like a neural network (or rather: neural networks try to mimic how a brain learns). Depending on the design of the neural ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
f35jgw | What exactly does Gibbs Free Energy measure as it relates to the potential spontaneity and thermodynamic properties of a chemical system? | I've googled this many times and asked my professor, however, I'm still a bit confused on what standard state Gibbs Free Energy actually represents in relation to a chemical system's spontaneity and thermodynamic properties. Specifically, I'm referencing the (simplified) equation G = Enthalpy - (Temperature*Entropy), n... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/f35jgw/what_exactly_does_gibbs_free_energy_measure_as_it/ | {
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"text": [
"The simplified equation for Gibbs Free Energy is derived from the second law of thermodynamics, that is that in an isolated system entropy cannot decrease. It is different from oth... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
j3cou | can someone explain the difference between roman and greek mythology li5? | I understand that Romans have different names for what appear to be roughly the same set of gods that the Greeks have. Why is that? Why couldn't they just use the same names? Better yet, why not invent their own system? Are there any other differences other than names? Are their myths any different? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/j3cou/can_someone_explain_the_difference_between_roman/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Ancient Greeks liked to [compare foreign beliefs with their own](_URL_0_) (sorry, the link isn't LI5). Romans did too. So when they heard about each others' ideas, they just mixed them together, probabl... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca"
],
[],
[
"http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/cupid.html"
]
] | |
jmhos | why are americans so ant-tax and anti- government | I live in Canada, which is to the north of the US and for the most part we have slightly higher tax rates, but for the most part we get more for our taxes, IMHO. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/jmhos/eli5_why_are_americans_so_anttax_and_anti/ | {
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"score": [
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"Because among the very first subjects cut (30 years ago) from public school curricula were... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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] | |
1slxlr | why hasn't there been a concerted effort to create cities or large communities underwater? | Everyone seems to have a [huge science boner](_URL_0_) (SFW) for expanding civilization into space whenever there's talk of global populations becoming too large. It seems like a no-brainer to set up cities or large colonies (as opposed to scientific outposts) underwater, and certainly something that is well within any... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1slxlr/eli5_why_hasnt_there_been_a_concerted_effort_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdyvd6h",
"cdyvf0y",
"cdyzxds"
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"score": [
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"It's very expensive, and not very safe. ",
"Pressure at the bottom of the ocean is too high.",
"Because everyone's played Bioshock."
]
} | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/yvQ3nmc.gif"
] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
92rwk1 | why do commercial radio stations only go from 80.x to 107.x fm and 530 to 1600 am? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/92rwk1/eli5_why_do_commercial_radio_stations_only_go/ | {
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3,
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"text": [
"Those are the frequencies the government has designated open for public radio transmission and issue the radio station licenses.\n\nThey reserve other frequencies for air traffic control. CB radio. H... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
dli6hg | Parachuting pilots (mainly ww2 or ww1) | I've been wondering for a while what the general protocol was if two opposing pilots crash landed or parachuted out of their aircraft close enough to see each other. Would they walk away or open fire with side arms or say hello? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/dli6hg/parachuting_pilots_mainly_ww2_or_ww1/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It varied depending on the individual and particularly the theatre, but on the Western Front at least there are several examples of cordial relations between aircrew of opposing sides; Adolf Galland and JG 26 hosting Douglas Bader and Robert Sta... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
17lpn8 | How do more complicated molecules (such as anthocyanin) get their color? | I understand how individual elements give off a certain line spectrum of light, but I can't logically apply that knowledge to molecules. Do certain wavelengths of light resonate with particular bond lengths? Additionally, I've heard that conjugated double bonds have to do with this, yet I cant imagine how. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/17lpn8/how_do_more_complicated_molecules_such_as/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It's not bond lengths, but rather the electron energy levels.\n\nYou get atomic emission and absorption - the electrons have certain energy levels, and if a photon matches a difference between two levels, it can be absorbed by the electron. It is... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_gap",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram#Basics"
]
] | |
1xczts | How does the Pertussis (Whooping Cough) vaccine work if Pertussis is caused by a bacterium and not a virus? | There's a whooping cough outbreak in our community and doctors are prescribing antibiotics for it. I thought all vaccines were "dead" viruses. Viruses can't be treated by antibiotics. So I looked up the cause of whooping cough and it says it's caused by a bacterium. How does a vaccines against bacterium work? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1xczts/how_does_the_pertussis_whooping_cough_vaccine/ | {
"a_id": [
"cfa858u",
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"score": [
3,
10,
3
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"text": [
"Are you referring to antibiotics or vaccines? Vaccines definitely work for bacterial diseases as evident in the use of the cholera vaccine.",
"Vaccines can be made from killed or attenuated viruses... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
6ekgsy | why is it not faster for airplanes to fly lower to the ground if the distance traveled would be shorter | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ekgsy/eli5_why_is_it_not_faster_for_airplanes_to_fly/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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3,
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"text": [
"Because the air is much thinner at altitude. Closer to the ground the air is as thick as pea soup for an airplane. It would be like you trying to crawl through a kiddie pool of honey.\n\nHigh in the ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
862i0r | why are cells living? i know they’re the building blocks of life but what defines living? are plants a different type of “alive” because they have a different cell structure? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/862i0r/eli5_why_are_cells_living_i_know_theyre_the/ | {
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"text": [
"Living is a somewhat nebulous term, but mostly comes down to a range of ongoing physical processes. It's important to note that there's not necessarily one definition, and all of... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1f17xy | What was it like to be an emissary or messenger throughout the Middle Ages? | Sort of a strange question I suppose, but my roommate and I have been listening to Hardcore Historie's 5 part series on the Mongolian Empire ([link](_URL_0_)for those who care) and with all the repeated killings of messengers we hear about, we got to wondering how did individuals feel being selected for that position?
... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1f17xy/what_was_it_like_to_be_an_emissary_or_messenger/ | {
"a_id": [
"ca5t5sp"
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"text": [
"In Western Europe, the messengers were the heralds, tasked with communicating important information, and required to be adept in the ways of diplomacy. On top of this, heralds primarily needed an encyclopaedic knowledge of the coats of arms of ev... | [] | [
"http://www.dancarlin.com/disp.php?page=hharchive"
] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Arms"
]
] | |
29m4sr | how does a court stenography machine work? | I have been watching a lot of Law and Order, and the interwebs isn't coming up with any decent answers beyond "it's hard and you have to go to school for 3 years."
So how do they work? What is being typed with only a few keys? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/29m4sr/eli5how_does_a_court_stenography_machine_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"cim9ybr"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"A [stenotype machine](_URL_0_) works with a special keyboard layout. You press keys simultaneously, but the output keeps the letters in a specific order. You basically type the sounds in shorthand. There are some standards, but stenographers ofte... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenotype"
]
] | |
9sys5t | Why did the Russian Empire expand so far east? | I understand why the Russians colonized(?) Places like Vladivostok but why did they Colonize places like Alaska, Kamchatka, or Siberia? There seems to be no economic value in those areas yet people live there. Is it Gulags? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9sys5t/why_did_the_russian_empire_expand_so_far_east/ | {
"a_id": [
"e8tkpoa"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"[This](_URL_0_) post by u/poob1x goes into some detail about Russia’s motivations for colonizing. I feel like this question gets asked a lot, if there’s a mod reading, y’all should add it to the FAQ."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9ee5s4/was_the_russian_far_east_colonized_in_a_similar/e5osm8w"
]
] | |
5eqobj | why can't synthetic diamonds be as hard as mined diamonds? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5eqobj/eli5_why_cant_synthetic_diamonds_be_as_hard_as/ | {
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"text": [
"They are just as hard. \n\nSynthetic diamonds are identical to natural diamond is virtually every chemical and physical way. It is anti-synthetic propaganda put out by De Beers and the few other diamond companies that exist that make the public ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2qu4jp | Were there historical sites in ancient times? | I was reading [this post](_URL_0_) that mentioned Ptolemaic Egyptians "touring" ancient tombs, so I was wondering how widespread this idea would've been, if it happened at all.
Say I chose a timeframe like 500 BCE to 1 BCE. Are there any examples of sites that existed then, that people would visit/tour/otherwise learn... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2qu4jp/were_there_historical_sites_in_ancient_times/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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3,
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],
"text": [
"So, I’ve got two things I think I can talk about with some authority. The first is about the original post you mentioned and Egyptian citation of place through time. The second point I can make is abou... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1df9h1/do_we_know_the_name_ancient_egyptians_gave_the/c9pzgjk"
] | [
[
"https://books.google.com/books?id=LAdyuWkUHM4C&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=roman+reuse+deir+el+medina&source=bl&ots=QCSB7Po2CZ&sig=i9TRZ9aE1E30oMSw5bYBAf-tsvI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bgCjVP3zEoGYyATZ-YGgAw&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=roman%20reuse%20deir%20el%20medina&f=false",
... | |
b8ox4m | why does a ticketing app/website not work at all when there is too much traffic? how much traffic does it take? what measures are available to prevent the app/site from crashing? | I checked AMC minutes after the tickets went on sale, and it was unusable. I mean I get it, if I’m AMC I would also forget that the biggest movie ever is about to put their tickets on sale and take no precautions to prevent their stuff from not working. But I’m still pissed as this whole situation ruined my vacation an... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b8ox4m/eli5_why_does_a_ticketing_appwebsite_not_work_at/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
2,
2
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"text": [
"They try to estimate how much traffic there will be and allocate servers and other necessary infrastructure accordingly. If they underestimated the traffic, you get slow connection or even no connection.",
"One thing tha... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
aof0bs | why are 12v, 5v and 3.3v so special in electronics? | Is it an industry standard or is there a physics based reason for using these voltages? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aof0bs/eli5_why_are_12v_5v_and_33v_so_special_in/ | {
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"text": [
"As chip fabrication shrinks, the breakdown voltages of the silicon get smaller and smaller. They also get more efficient because of this.\n\n12V and 9V used ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
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] | |
7wtqai | can you drink warm tap water or only cold? (without boiling) | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7wtqai/eli5_can_you_drink_warm_tap_water_or_only_cold/ | {
"a_id": [
"du32ima"
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"score": [
3
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"text": [
"I would seriously advise against it as it isn’t made to be drank I’ve heard that the tanks for hot water aren’t as clean so don’t do it x."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
c9v9j2 | Do the contents of our blood have any affect on mosquitos after they drink it? Do drunk people make drunk mosquitos? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/c9v9j2/do_the_contents_of_our_blood_have_any_affect_on/ | {
"a_id": [
"et48wdz",
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"score": [
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109
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"text": [
"I think the answer is, \"[we don't know](_URL_0_),\" but it seems that mosquitoes are more attracted to drunk people, than sober people, and according to the article I linked fruit flies do get drunk, but have a high tol... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20190313-will-mosquitoes-bite-me-more-when-ive-been-drinking"
],
[]
] | ||
56o4hc | the difference between over the counter and prescription ibuprofen. | I've been told that taking (4) 200mg OTC ibuprofen is bad for you, but the doctor will hand you a prescription for 800mg ibuprofen. Is it not the same? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/56o4hc/eli5_the_difference_between_over_the_counter_and/ | {
"a_id": [
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3,
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6
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"text": [
"I'm almost 90% sure it's the same. I think the only difference is that your doctor has looked at why you're gonna take it and has decided the benefits outweigh the negatives.",
"Yes, it's the same.... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
227v0k | In the world before the invention of radio and mass media, how widely-known were famous composers of the Classical era during their own time? | Was the music of Mozart, et al typically known by (or even relevant to) the average person of the 18th century? Would someone living in Europe but far from Vienna have known about Mozart and/or heard his music during his lifetime, or was it primarily a sort of luxury item for the upper classes?
Obliquely related, wer... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/227v0k/in_the_world_before_the_invention_of_radio_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgmgvk9"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"Was Mozart's music known to the average person? Probably not, if you mean the average working man or woman. Serious \"classical\" music then as now was more a middle- and upper-class sort of thing. [Here's](_URL_0_) /u/caffarelli - who knows far ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://redd.it/20i0qi"
]
] | |
10i9f4 | Do I understand this correctly? | So it seems in images like the new Hubble extreme field and the Hubble ultra deep field, that the farther away galaxies are the earlier they are.
Am I correct to assume that because they are so many billions of lightyears away they appear early because that light is just reaching us now. Would it also be safe to assu... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/10i9f4/do_i_understand_this_correctly/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6dovgj"
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"score": [
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"text": [
" > Am I correct to assume that because they are so many billions of lightyears away they appear early because that light is just reaching us now.\n\nYes. That is correct.\n\n > Would it also be safe to assume that those galaxies actually exist co... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3n1g0g | How do large Aquarium's accommodate Sharks, Sting Rays, Sea turtles and other small fishes in the same enclosure? Do large fish prey on the smaller ones in such conditions? Why not? | Example: _URL_0_ | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3n1g0g/how_do_large_aquariums_accommodate_sharks_sting/ | {
"a_id": [
"cwj2kop"
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"score": [
2
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"text": [
"*Experience in working in aquariums*\ndifferent fish eat different types of food and have various preferences.\naquariums feed fish every day (or every second day if needed) so they are very well fed and tend not to eat each other. *Though i was ... | [] | [
"https://www.ripleyaquariums.com/canada/galleries/dangerous-lagoon/"
] | [
[]
] | |
2lt4za | Authors every historian should know? | Recently attended a graduate conference and sat in on a panel about the role and use of narrative in historical writing.
During the panel various authors were referenced (Mention of Stephen E. Ambrose was met with laughter). Many of the names rattled off I did not recognize and thought it would be useful to know the n... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2lt4za/authors_every_historian_should_know/ | {
"a_id": [
"clxyk31"
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"score": [
12
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"text": [
"I would say it really depends on the field; the book list on this reddit has quite a few of the highlights. Here are some of what I believe to be key authors from my fields.\n\nPacific History; only putting a few, cutting myself off before I ma... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1ybk1e | what the numbers mean on county roads and interstates (i.e. route 70, i-95, etc.) | There are various roads where I live, and I'm sure throughout the United States, that are identified by numbers such as Route 527 or Route 37, with no distinguishable meaning behind the numbers. Where do they come up with these, or is it just a random selection? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ybk1e/eli5_what_the_numbers_mean_on_county_roads_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cfj1h1r"
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"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"For federal highways and interstates, they're numbered according to which direction they run in and where they're located. East-west highways are even-numbered and north-south highways are odd numbered.\n\nFor interstates, the lower numbers are ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3z50ur | Are emotions innate or learned ? | I thought emotions were developed at a very early age (first months/ year) by one's first life experiences and interactions. But say I'm a young baby and every time I clap my hands, it makes my mom smile. Then I might associate that action to a 'good' or 'funny' thing, but how am I so sure that the smile = a good thing... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3z50ur/are_emotions_innate_or_learned/ | {
"a_id": [
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"cyjk3oc",
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"cyjn9hs",
"cyjwlrv",
"cyjxs5w"
],
"score": [
201,
1601,
16,
103,
32,
294,
3,
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/53/4/712/",
"https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vsLvrhohXhAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA301&dq=ekman+universal+facial&ots=uSzFhmR9Ee&sig=5PuaXjhqVpi5_J3AjlmhTMQCS7Q#v=onepage&q=ekman%20universal%20facial&f=false",
"http://economi... | |
8sqcgs | breath out under water | Why can't we breath out a huge amount of air while being under water, but bubble-by-bubble (making blurp blurp sound)? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8sqcgs/eli5_breath_out_under_water/ | {
"a_id": [
"e11fmui"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"You can breathe out as much air as you like. But each time you've breathed out a small amount, the pressure of the water will close round it and make a bubble. If you were to breathe out, say, mercury instead of air, the \"bubble\" would be big... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
8amz78 | Need some advice/tips for studying history! | So I have this important History exam coming up in about two months and I started studying by simply reading and trying to comprehend most of what I read; but I would like some advice regarding what is the best way to study History.
*The exam is about “World History” and my country’s History “Mexican History” . Thanks. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8amz78/need_some_advicetips_for_studying_history/ | {
"a_id": [
"dwzwk6y",
"dwzwu5s",
"dwzxrx2"
],
"score": [
2,
6,
3
],
"text": [
"I would recommend going through your readings and taking notes on facts you think are crucial or that you really need to remember. I would also recommend trying to explain stuff you need to know for the... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
80zr81 | when you numb your arm by sleeping on it what happens and why does it not hurt it permanently? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/80zr81/eli5_when_you_numb_your_arm_by_sleeping_on_it/ | {
"a_id": [
"duzd498"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"The numbness comes from pressure restricting blood supply to the nerves which convey sensation. While restricted enough to mess up their usual operation it typically isn't enough to cause permanent damage, although in more extreme cases it actual... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
5woedm | how does the fbi impact the everyday life of american citizens? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5woedm/eli5_how_does_the_fbi_impact_the_everyday_life_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"debm4p6"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Hopefully, not much. The FBI is designed to investigate federal crimes on a nationwide level, and so it should generally only be impacting the lives of those who commit those crimes. \n\nHowever, they can expand their understanding of what that... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
31jkmj | How does the large hadron collider begin to accelerate particles? | I understand the basic concept of how it accelerates particles but how does it first introduce the particles to the track? Are they in a gaseous form or are they suspended somehow? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/31jkmj/how_does_the_large_hadron_collider_begin_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"cq25c9j",
"cq274v4"
],
"score": [
3,
13
],
"text": [
"It starts in this bottle of hydrogen: _URL_0_",
"As /u/iorgfeflkd mentioned, the protons come from a bottle of hydrogen at linac2. The hydrogen gas is ionised in a device called a [duoplasmatron](_URL_2_), which is effe... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://vixra.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/proton-source.jpg"
],
[
"http://home.web.cern.ch/about/updates/2013/02/heavy-metal-refilling-lead-source-lhc",
"http://home.web.cern.ch/about/accelerators",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duoplasmatron",
"http://tesla.physics.wmich.edu/Accelerator_... |
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