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hc8yj
Does fanning yourself with a piece of paper actually make you hotter?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hc8yj/does_fanning_yourself_with_a_piece_of_paper/
{ "a_id": [ "c1u9uml", "c1u9z1y", "c1ucwgy" ], "score": [ 6, 4, 3 ], "text": [ "If it feels cool, it's making you cooler. We lose heat primarily by conduction of energy from our bodies to the surrounding air, and by cooling that results when your sweat evaporates into that same su...
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[]
[ [], [], [ "http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/thermo/coobod.html", "http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2171/is-fanning-yourself-energy-efficient" ] ]
yhyzv
what is a proxy, how do i get one and why do i want to?
Is TOR a proxy? If so what does it do and why do I have it?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/yhyzv/eli5_what_is_a_proxy_how_do_i_get_one_and_why_do/
{ "a_id": [ "c5vrrs1", "c5vs6vi", "c5vtmnc", "c5vvo6t" ], "score": [ 2, 7, 3, 4 ], "text": [ "Basically it makes so people can't track your IP address and trace downloads or other browsing back to you.", "a proxy is where you have a computer look at web pages remotely a...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_%28anonymity_network%29" ], [], [] ]
1pxyjd
what is jihadism? what do jihadists believe?
Can someone explain the common beliefs and practices of jihadism to me? Thank you for any answers.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1pxyjd/eli5_what_is_jihadism_what_do_jihadists_believe/
{ "a_id": [ "cd77f21", "cd77i2n", "cd7d8as" ], "score": [ 7, 13, 2 ], "text": [ "As far as I know, Jihad is a noun that roughly translates to \"struggle\". In Islamic texts, particularly the Shaiahs, it refers to the \"struggle\" against those who do not believe in the Islamic God....
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad" ] ]
ckpp8e
I’m reading Founding Brothers, a book about the American Revolution and stories concerning the Founding Fathers, and I have a question that I can’t any stop thinking about...
The third chapter of the book discusses the conflict of slavery in 1790 when two petitions approached Congress. Maybe it’s the wording but a passage reads: “Madison provided the clearest gloss on its fresh meaning by explaining that, instead of imposing an eighteen-year moratorium on congressional action against slaver...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ckpp8e/im_reading_founding_brothers_a_book_about_the/
{ "a_id": [ "evr6rz7" ], "score": [ 8 ], "text": [ "You're on the right track. Ellis wrote a chapter about slavery which had a lot of moving parts and he wasn't quite as clear about them as he could have been.\n\nThere are two important parts here, one of which is reasonably easy to tease out and ...
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[ [] ]
t82oe
Does putting a drinking glass against a door amplify sound made on the other side?
My friend and I have both heard the theory that putting a drinking glass of some kind against a door or a wall will amplify the sound to where it becomes audible. Is there any truth behind this?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/t82oe/does_putting_a_drinking_glass_against_a_door/
{ "a_id": [ "c4kc80z", "c4kcp94" ], "score": [ 12, 9 ], "text": [ "Putting a glass against the wall or door creates a cavity for the pressure waves which make up sounds. The cavity has a quality factor: _URL_0_ \n\nThis is the effective amount of amplification you will get. The reason it o...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_factor" ], [] ]
dhz83x
where do all the fonts get their names from?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dhz83x/eli5_where_do_all_the_fonts_get_their_names_from/
{ "a_id": [ "f3s61ce", "f3s75jy", "f3sd27q", "f3t7ll5", "f3tj1gy" ], "score": [ 6, 4, 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "It's a little unclear what you mean, especially as you normally don't name fonts, but rather typefaces and within each typeface normally there are many fonts....
[]
[]
[ [], [ "https://www.97thfloor.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Imported_Blog_Media/Serif-Sans-1-04-1.jpg?width=1000&height=399&name=Serif-Sans-1-04-1.jpg", "https://creativemarket.com/TobiasSaul/1963894-Brilon-Font-Extras", "https://creativemarket.com/DesignSomething/104244-Winchester-Condensed-Font", "http...
1xji6u
How do recessive genes even exist?
e.g. How did the first blue-eyed person come to exist, if other genes are dominant to it? If it's random variation, how did the blue-eye gene keep propagating itself into the species if it's recessive? From this line of thinking, I guess we can infer that the human species started out with recessive genes, and the do...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1xji6u/how_do_recessive_genes_even_exist/
{ "a_id": [ "cfbyi7s", "cfc2rpk", "cfc89i4", "cfca339", "cfchofl" ], "score": [ 2, 3, 3, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Separate populations.\n\nOne group isolated away from the rest evolve blue eyes and blond hair. Later when they mix with other groups, the dominant gene in th...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [] ]
2wzpc2
Do we know at what point in history the men's necktie was last used as a practical device rather than simply adornment?
It occurs to me that men's neckties -- although I happily wear them and think they are beautiful -- serve no real purpose other than decoration. I'm assuming this hasn't always been the case. I'm wondering in what decade/century the necktie became an impractical fashion accessory.
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2wzpc2/do_we_know_at_what_point_in_history_the_mens/
{ "a_id": [ "covutei" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "Firstly, consider that what we think of as a necktie - a long, vaguely rectangular piece of fabric meant to be knotted (usually in a four-in-hand or a full- or half-Windsor) and allowed to hang down over the shirt front - is a product of the late...
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[ [] ]
30mdwh
where is drinkable water stored before it hits my taps (big city)?
Never seen a water towers in my city, Phoenix. Its a huge city too, so where is all this "ready to go" water stored?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/30mdwh/eli5_where_is_drinkable_water_stored_before_it/
{ "a_id": [ "cptqirk" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "at the water treatment plant. \n\nit's like they make a batch of 1million gallons and put it in a pool somewhere. the plant is continuously running all the time to filter and make potable water." ] }
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[]
[ [] ]
1xk10s
Is there any net difference in the way my body handles 1000 calories in one sitting vs. 1000 calories over the course of a day?
I imagine there are some immediate effects, but I'm basically wondering whether there are any negative or positive health effects in the long run (weight gain, etc.) from eating a days worth of calories in one sitting vs spaced out over the course of a day. TL;DR - Justify my eating an entire pizza if I skipped lunch ...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1xk10s/is_there_any_net_difference_in_the_way_my_body/
{ "a_id": [ "cfc5dq3", "cfc8r9x" ], "score": [ 9, 15 ], "text": [ "Any energy your body doesn't need to run at a given time must go into storage, because food isn't just staying in your stomach and small intestine: it has to go somewhere.\n\nYour body didn't hold off on spending energy whi...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://examine.com/faq/do-i-need-to-eat-six-times-a-day-to-keep-my-metabolism-high.html" ] ]
bigh8x
why is it that when rain falls, it doesn’t hurt us although it has an enormous potential energy as the water has a mass, and the height is unbelievable?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bigh8x/eli5_why_is_it_that_when_rain_falls_it_doesnt/
{ "a_id": [ "em0g02s", "em0g1bp", "em0g6pb", "em0gen5" ], "score": [ 33, 12, 4, 4 ], "text": [ "Water droplets don't have that much mass so they can't carry that much potential energy to begin with.\n\nSince they are a liquid the energy is also dissipated upon impact. Compa...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
9ya3og
Why are serious sicknesses like the flu so rare while colds are so common?
As in, why can someone go 5+ years without catching a flu but are nearly guaranteed to catch a cold at least once per year?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9ya3og/why_are_serious_sicknesses_like_the_flu_so_rare/
{ "a_id": [ "ea12w3i" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "The flu is an actual, identified, virus. The \"cold\" is not a real thing. It's just a word we use for a general infection that could be caused by any of billions of bacteria/viruses. The body has the same reaction though, so we just tend to use ...
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[ [] ]
a545b7
how can sterility caused by a crispr gene drive spread when sterile mosquitoes can't breed?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a545b7/eli5_how_can_sterility_caused_by_a_crispr_gene/
{ "a_id": [ "ebk70yt" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "One technique involves releasing large volumes of sterile male mosquitoes to reduce populations. Even though they can't breed successfully, they still *try,* and this means the sterile males are competing with their non-sterilized brethren, which...
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[]
[ [] ]
pnp3c
What happens when a cell becomes cancerous?
I feel like I should know what cancer is but I honestly don't. I know it has something to do with cells and cancer doesn't always mean it's malignant but I don't know how someone "gets" cancer. Is it too much replication? mutation? a foreign agent messing around in there? What happens to make a once normal cell suddenl...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/pnp3c/what_happens_when_a_cell_becomes_cancerous/
{ "a_id": [ "c3qtco7" ], "score": [ 18 ], "text": [ "Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cellular growth. Your body has many mechanisms in place to prevent a cell from dividing uncontrollably. But when the DNA of a cell is mutated, the proteins that govern cell cycle activity can be changed, and...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hallmarks_of_Cancer" ] ]
3lu67x
If we can re-enact a scene in Interstellar and give everyone a 100% synced digital watch, would the time shown on the watch still be dilated?
Sorry, I re-watched Interstellar last night and i'm confused about gravitational time dilation again. Question: The scene where they arrive on the water planet in Interstellar. If the watches are 100% synced before they leave Endurance, and then come back. Will one watch be 23years ahead and the other watch only 1 hou...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3lu67x/if_we_can_reenact_a_scene_in_interstellar_and/
{ "a_id": [ "cv9tfwf" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "Yes, time is dilated so all time-dependent processes are affected." ] }
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[]
[ [] ]
43b4wy
how does child lock work in cars?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/43b4wy/eli5_how_does_child_lock_work_in_cars/
{ "a_id": [ "czh95oe" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "From experience, on Toyotas, the child lock moves a guide pin out of position, causing the interior door handle to not be able to engage the lock latch. The outer door handle has a separate connection to the lock latch, allowing the two handles t...
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[ [] ]
3fnf1h
obama's new climate action plan.
A few questions I have: 1)How does it work? 2)Does it entail cap and trade? 3)Is it a law or is it just a proposal?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3fnf1h/eli5_obamas_new_climate_action_plan/
{ "a_id": [ "ctq7tza" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The Clean Power Plan (as it is called) is a series of EPA regulations and budget proposals that look to reduce CO2 emissions by 32% (from 2005 levels) by 2030, increase renewable energy generation by 30% by 2030, and provide a framework to measur...
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[ [] ]
21ez4u
Does windchill affect, say, the surface of a pond?
Simply: if it's 36 degrees Fahrenheit (2.2 Celsius) and the wind is blowing 30 mph (48 kph), will a layer of ice form on the surface?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/21ez4u/does_windchill_affect_say_the_surface_of_a_pond/
{ "a_id": [ "cgcl46h", "cgcnj51" ], "score": [ 3, 3 ], "text": [ "Wind chill is a measure of perception \"how cold does it feel\" which is in turn calculated from how much heat a person *with a normal body* temperature will lose for a given air temperature, humidity, and wind speed. Wind c...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
13kop7
timeline of gaza/israel conflict pre-1967
I've been reading about the recent events (from this subreddit and large media outlets) in Gaza/Israel, but I don't have much historical knowledge about their general relationship. I've seen timelines that started from 1967 (Six Days War) when the Israelis began to occupy Gaza. Can anyone give me a general timeline of ...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/13kop7/eli5_timeline_of_gazaisrael_conflict_pre1967/
{ "a_id": [ "c74tydc" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "Ok, super simple version of the timeline\n\n*bits before 500 BCE assume the bible is somewhat accurate in regards to the migrations of people groups*\n\n~2000 BCE: Group of people migrate from Mesopotamia to what would become Israel (Abraham etc....
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[ [] ]
za1y0
Question about pressure
so to measure pressure we use P = height x density x gravity But what exactly is that height ? i mean in situations where something is x meters below the surface of a liquid , we can substitute x as height but say i wanted to measure the atmospheric pressure at sea level. What value would i use as height ? is it the di...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/za1y0/question_about_pressure/
{ "a_id": [ "c62sl2j" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "It depends on what pressure you want to calculate. When you calculate the pressure of water using that formula for 10 metres, for example, you get the pressure of the water above you. If you want the actual pressure, then you need to also add the...
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[ [] ]
1xvcsx
if potassium is an alkali metal, why doesn't it violently react inside our bodies?
And is there some way to force it to react with our bodies?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1xvcsx/if_potassium_is_an_alkali_metal_why_doesnt_it/
{ "a_id": [ "cff4gqj", "cff5dhn" ], "score": [ 5, 8 ], "text": [ "it's weird question, elementary. we don't have pure potassium in our bodies. we have salts. properities of metals and salts (ions) are different.\n\npure K is reacting with water (2K + 2H*2*O - > 2KOH + H*2*), salt is disso...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
6kgjim
How does diet affect the risk of heart disease?
There is a lot of conflicting information out there. The common story is that (saturated) fat and cholesterol in meats are the primary culprits, but now a lot of (pop) science seems to claim that those are relatively harmless and sugars are instead the main culprits. What does the actual scientific evidence support?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6kgjim/how_does_diet_affect_the_risk_of_heart_disease/
{ "a_id": [ "djlyn49", "djm1kp1", "djmvhny" ], "score": [ 155, 13, 8 ], "text": [ "I don't have a lot of time to go into an in-depth answer, but cholesterol and fats were vilified mainly because when you looked at the hearts and blood vessels of people with cardiovascular disease, ...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/96/9/3248" ], [ "https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/fhs-bibliography/index.php", "https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/Consortia/members/caret.html" ] ]
2hw7re
Since we see stars as they were some billions of years ago, if I picked out one that had already died, and travelled toward it at a reasonable speed, at some point would I see it explode?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2hw7re/since_we_see_stars_as_they_were_some_billions_of/
{ "a_id": [ "ckwkhn1", "ckwndlo", "ckwplly", "ckwpru3", "ckwq6ka", "ckwqjjx", "ckws29h", "ckwus1p", "ckwv7up", "ckwx94h", "ckwyzak", "ckwyzpt", "ckx1asf", "ckx23m8", "ckx7ny8", "ckxddmh", "ckxgq76" ], "score": [ 111, 76, 1319, 38,...
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[]
[ [], [], [ "http://jean-baptiste-faure.blogspot.com/2011/07/hubble-sees-individual-stars-in.html" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
aoveb3
why is it important that animal should not become extinct? i don't see how it would have a major impact on the earth overall.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aoveb3/eli5_why_is_it_important_that_animal_should_not/
{ "a_id": [ "eg3t1qg", "eg3t4h8", "eg3yjcr", "eg3ywzv" ], "score": [ 6, 6, 3, 4 ], "text": [ "Some animals are indirectly helping us by keeping the environment clean, or are at the start of our food cycle. Take Bees for example, and Coral.", "Some animals play major rol...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
2xik9p
how do routers know where to send outgoing packets if it has never before encountered the destination address?
For example, if the IP belongs to a computer across the world, how does the router know where to send the packet?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2xik9p/eli5_how_do_routers_know_where_to_send_outgoing/
{ "a_id": [ "cp0f3hj", "cp0f6dj", "cp0t0ns" ], "score": [ 6, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "It doesn't. Your computer kicks it up the chain.\n\nWe'll take IPv4 since it's easier to visualize.\n\nYour address is 32.12.25.17. The destination address is 85.42.36.78.\n\nSo your computer sends a ...
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[]
[ [], [], [] ]
1l1zxo
what is a musical scale?
my friend said it was like a major scale has 7 different notes in it or whatever, and then theres like a root note and then 2nd 3rd 4th etc. and i get it, but how do i actually tell someone what a musical scale IS?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1l1zxo/eli5_what_is_a_musical_scale/
{ "a_id": [ "cbuys58", "cbuz0n5", "cbv1g5n" ], "score": [ 2, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "a musical scale is any collection of notes that forms a pattern.\n\nionian, dorian, phrygian, lydian, mixolydian, aeolian, and locrian are all 7 note scales.\n\nmajor and minor pentatonic scales are 5 n...
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[]
[ [], [], [] ]
280pcj
how come my feet will hurt after a while in flat shoes, but not when barefoot?
How come I can work all day in flat shoes and my feet will kill me.. but I kick them off (essentially still walking on a flat surface) and actually feel relief?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/280pcj/eli5_how_come_my_feet_will_hurt_after_a_while_in/
{ "a_id": [ "ci6977m", "ci6es03" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Pressure from the shoes.", "The human foot isn't designed to be covered in a shoe. We are meant to walk barefoot. We invented shoes to protect our feet. If you look at the bottom of your foot you will see it is arched...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
2norah
how can mother ducks have 6 and more ducklings of the same age follow them if they have to lay an egg for each one of them?
Chickens usually lay an egg every day. I'm assuming that ducks have similar egg laying habits which means they would have to lay a fertilized egg a day for more than a week straight. But even then, the ducks don't look like there is any age difference. How do ducks do that? Do they crank out several eggs at once? Does...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2norah/eli5_how_can_mother_ducks_have_6_and_more/
{ "a_id": [ "cmfgcky", "cmfgqug" ], "score": [ 5, 2 ], "text": [ "When a duck breeds, there is more than one embryo available to be fertilized, so all the eggs being laid technically have the same (or nearly the same) gestational age despite not having been laid at the same time and will t...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
5x0cf5
who doesn't 911 services not have a way to contact them through text?
There are surely people who are in distress, but can not call or talk.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5x0cf5/eli5_who_doesnt_911_services_not_have_a_way_to/
{ "a_id": [ "dee8u24", "dee8uwi" ], "score": [ 6, 2 ], "text": [ "Some areas *do* have that feature, as a matter of fact.\n\nHowever, text is very difficult to convey important information with, and doesn't allow dispatchers to ask questions to get that important information.", "It is ...
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[ [], [] ]
8o0efm
what would happen to an economy if inflation was always at 0%?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8o0efm/eli5_what_would_happen_to_an_economy_if_inflation/
{ "a_id": [ "dzzqecj" ], "score": [ 13 ], "text": [ "Inflation encourages people to spend money now as they know prices will get higher. People not spending money is one of the biggest threats to a capitalist economy, as it starts a vicious circle that ends with lots of people being unemployed, so...
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[ [] ]
a01lny
how do usb splitter hubs work? how do multiple devices simultaneously transmit signals through a single port without stuttering?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a01lny/eli5_how_do_usb_splitter_hubs_work_how_do/
{ "a_id": [ "eads5ed", "eaeh69i" ], "score": [ 13, 4 ], "text": [ "They don't simultaneously transmit. Rather, they transmit one at a time.\n\nHowever, USB transmits so quickly that you'll rarely run across situations where it matters. Most USB peripherals - your mouse/keyboard, for exampl...
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[ [], [] ]
jz58e
If gravity is a wave, is it possible to create standing gravity waves?
Can gravity waves be reflected? Would there be points where wave interference would create anti-gravity?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/jz58e/if_gravity_is_a_wave_is_it_possible_to_create/
{ "a_id": [ "c2ga5c6", "c2ga5ch", "c2gahuz", "c2gazfk", "c2ga5c6", "c2ga5ch", "c2gahuz", "c2gazfk" ], "score": [ 9, 6, 84, 2, 9, 6, 84, 2 ], "text": [ "Sure. Why not? If you have two (sinusoidal) waves of equal amplitude going in opposite d...
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[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave" ], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_wave", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave" ], [], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave" ], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_wave", "http://en....
a476ue
why would a solar storm's sustained magnetic field not destroy all data-even tape drives? if a degausser wipes data with powerful sustained magnetic fields, why would a weeklong solar storm not have the same effect on our data?
Could a solar storm big enough and sustained long enough destroy all data storage devices that aren't inside a Faraday cage? Why or why not?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a476ue/eli5_why_would_a_solar_storms_sustained_magnetic/
{ "a_id": [ "ebc2dwq", "ebc2uvj", "ebc5hx9" ], "score": [ 2, 10, 2 ], "text": [ "We have a shield! Earth's magnetic field protects us from the worst of it and funnels what's left to the poles. \n\nAnd assuming we have a storm big enough to wipe hard drives, the power grid would hav...
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[]
[ [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_shielding#Magnetic_shielding" ] ]
5q20qy
how are dictionaries compiled? how do words get picked to be in a dictionary? how do they not 'forget' to put in a word?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5q20qy/eli5_how_are_dictionaries_compiled_how_do_words/
{ "a_id": [ "dcvwxmb", "dcw1neu" ], "score": [ 6, 2 ], "text": [ "Nowadays they take help of computers. With the computer you can basically count all the words occurring in all newspapers and all of last year's released books within a very reasonable timeframe (hours?). Sort the counts and...
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[ [], [] ]
d35xqv
Theoretically, if you had a chunk of dark matter and put it on Earth, what would it look like?
Would it have a certain colour? Would it reflect light like a mirror? From my extremely limited knowledge, I think that dark matter is able to bend light due to its gravitational field. Does this mean that its ability to bend light depends on its mass? Using what we know so far, what would give the best visualisation o...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/d35xqv/theoretically_if_you_had_a_chunk_of_dark_matter/
{ "a_id": [ "ezzugo4", "f002xlo", "f00tmqt" ], "score": [ 50, 5, 12 ], "text": [ "The basic idea behind dark matter is that it's basically like normal matter, *but more boring*.\n\nMatter interacts with other matter through the four fundamental forces: the weak and strong nuclear f...
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[ [], [], [] ]
9dbpq3
How did the wooden buildings of Japanese cities/towns withstand things like rot and different wood diseases.
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9dbpq3/how_did_the_wooden_buildings_of_japanese/
{ "a_id": [ "e5hm5z2" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "This is an interesting question; the answer, however, is just as rooted in Eastern vs Western culture as it is in construction techniques. Please also take into account that, as a Westerner, I can only give a partial answer based on second-hand s...
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[]
[ [ "https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/the-history-of-wood-and-craft-in-japanese-design\\_o", "https://www.nippon.com/en/views/b02314/", "https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/the-history-of-wood-and-craft-in-japanese-design_o" ] ]
fkrjq
"Because there is a law such as gravity, the Universe can and will create itself from nothing." Stephen Hawking
“Because there is a law such as gravity, the Universe can and will create itself from nothing. Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the Universe exists, why we exist.” “It is not necessary to invoke God to light the blue touch paper and set the Universe going.” **Stephen Hawki...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/fkrjq/because_there_is_a_law_such_as_gravity_the/
{ "a_id": [ "c1go4nr", "c1go5rx", "c1go681", "c1gogal", "c1gpkad", "c1gpm74", "c1gpwyp" ], "score": [ 52, 21, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2 ], "text": [ "Right now, nobody knows the answer to your question.", "We do not know WHY there is a law of gravity, but, h...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_universe" ], [], [], [], [], [] ]
c3qmnb
Were there calls to polish the Statue of Liberty, when it was turning green?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/c3qmnb/were_there_calls_to_polish_the_statue_of_liberty/
{ "a_id": [ "ert461d" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "[This older answer might be of interest for you](_URL_0_)." ] }
[]
[]
[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8w6pie/the_statue_of_liberty_is_now_green_but_it_used_to/e1tzu4t/" ] ]
332umi
Why are pressure cookers affected by altitude?
I know that pressure cookers work by increasing the pressure which increases the boiling point of the liquid inside. I would have guessed that the pressure inside would not be affected by the altitude. Why isn't the pressure the same in a pressure cooker at sea level as it is at higher elevation?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/332umi/why_are_pressure_cookers_affected_by_altitude/
{ "a_id": [ "cqhwcvi" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The limiting factor isn't the pressure inside the pressure cooker. It's the difference in pressure between the inside and the outside. If you open the pressure cooker completely, the inside will still be at the same pressure at the outside. Since...
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[]
[ [] ]
11bja2
stone age
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/11bja2/eli5_stone_age/
{ "a_id": [ "c6l02nv" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The Stone Age is the period of time, believed to be around a few million years, between when humans figured out how to use tools made out of stone and when humans figured out how to make tools out of metal instead. Metal tools were a big turning ...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_age" ] ]
r1own
how open source projects/developers make money
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/r1own/eli5_how_open_source_projectsdevelopers_make_money/
{ "a_id": [ "c426n84", "c426r41", "c427wxz", "c428a1p", "c428xt6", "c42epw5" ], "score": [ 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 2 ], "text": [ "Many of them have day jobs that pay the bills, and the open source stuff is done in their spare time, for fun and/or learning.", "Th...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [ "jboss.org", "https://openshift.redhat.com/app/" ], [] ]
xdzae
Why is dangerous radiation only dangerous within a certain distance of the radioactive source? (more in description)
I couldn't think of how to word what I wanted to know into a single question so that was the most concise I could be. My question stemmed from an earlier post regarding the nuclear explosions set off on earth since 1945 and how they affect radiation levels. The upshot seemed to be that there was little to no adverse ...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/xdzae/why_is_dangerous_radiation_only_dangerous_within/
{ "a_id": [ "c5lj73x" ], "score": [ 26 ], "text": [ "I think you are confusing a few different ideas in regards to radiation.\n\n1. Intensity from a point source decreases at rate of r^2 away from the source. For this purpose think of the radioactive source as a light bulb. The further you are a...
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[]
[ [] ]
49dq01
Is it theoretically possible to be able to access Internet on Mars?
Is it possible using today's technology? If not, how far away are we? Also, what type of speeds could you expect?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/49dq01/is_it_theoretically_possible_to_be_able_to_access/
{ "a_id": [ "d0r9ld6", "d0uaypa" ], "score": [ 22, 2 ], "text": [ "The light delay between Mars and Earth is 3 minutes at best and 21 minutes in the worst case, which is most of the year. Space is *very* big.\n\nAny request you'd make to the Earth's internet (like, give me the Wiktionary e...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
3pquui
how are vortexes in water created? image in description
_URL_0_ I ran into that on another sub ([r/dubbedGIFs](_URL_1_)) How are these vortexes created? What causes them? How are they even truly called, in order to google them?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3pquui/eli5_how_are_vortexes_in_water_created_image_in/
{ "a_id": [ "cw8nfqi" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The vortex in that gif is caused by the interaction of a body of cold water with one of warmer water. The cold water is denser (I think) so it gets pushed down, while the warm water goes up. These opposing currents create that vortex." ] }
[]
[ "http://i.imgur.com/n0X9NBR.gifv", "https://www.reddit.com/r/DubbedGIFS/comments/3ppm6q/pufferfish_caught_in_a_vortex/" ]
[ [] ]
biq4cw
why all of a sudden are insect populations on the decline globally? is it just a climate thing?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/biq4cw/elif_why_all_of_a_sudden_are_insect_populations/
{ "a_id": [ "em29y8k", "em2dh4s", "em2o2t4" ], "score": [ 13, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Insects have been on the decline for a while now but only recently has this information become more readily available to the public. \n\nThe main factor that is causing insect populations to decline is...
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[]
[ [], [], [] ]
5tt7l0
why do wireless companies treat tethering data differently than mobile data?
if i pay for data, does it really matter how it's being used? if i use my phone to stream netflix, or use it to tether to my computer to stream netflix, isn't the data being used regardless? is tethering more strain on the network than mobile data? if i stream 2gb on my phone or tether 2gb, what is the difference betwe...
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5tt7l0/eli5_why_do_wireless_companies_treat_tethering/
{ "a_id": [ "ddosp1b", "ddp641s", "ddpegjv" ], "score": [ 25, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "There is no technical reason for this, and a few years back they did *not*. The bottom line is that they can make more money selling you an additional service. ", "Honestly, it's just a way to char...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
3v18ps
Did Hitler's top generals realize that Operation Barbarossa was going lead to the defeat of Germany?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3v18ps/did_hitlers_top_generals_realize_that_operation/
{ "a_id": [ "cxki3i7" ], "score": [ 15 ], "text": [ "Expanded from an [earlier answer](_URL_0_)\n\n**Part I**\n\nThe short answer is that they really did not see this as the brass in both OKH and OKW were the ones responsible for planning the invasion itself. Although Hitler was decisive in reori...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3l7lba/how_credible_are_the_claims_that_the_soviets_were/cv5zxoc" ] ]
1x2cq7
what causes a cowlick?
I am curious as to why everyone has one or two (I have three!), and what causes them.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1x2cq7/eli5what_causes_a_cowlick/
{ "a_id": [ "cf7i0sz", "cf7pdf1" ], "score": [ 2, 3 ], "text": [ "Believe it or not, it's a consequence of the [hairy ball theorem.](_URL_0_) ", "It more so depends on your hair follicle. This is what determines which way the hair grows out of the scalp. So essentially cowlicks are tuf...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairy_ball_theorem" ], [] ]
2d8yd6
why does the water used for tea and many instant meals have to be boiling?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2d8yd6/eli5_why_does_the_water_used_for_tea_and_many/
{ "a_id": [ "cjn7pcx", "cjn7ys3", "cjn901v", "cjnd777" ], "score": [ 4, 3, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Instant meals are designed for the water to be a specific optimal temperature. Boiling water has the convenient property that it's always at the same temperature, so you don't have...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
edrznw
How do scientists collect so much data on planets that are hundreds+ light years away?
I’m reading about exoplanets hundreds of light years away and scientists know the size, density, and composition of the planet (IE: earth like, gas, etc) how in the heck can they estimate these things with accuracy? Can telescopes see hundreds of light years away with clarity enough to see what the planet looks like? A...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/edrznw/how_do_scientists_collect_so_much_data_on_planets/
{ "a_id": [ "fbkqrd8", "fblhuw0" ], "score": [ 10, 3 ], "text": [ "Much of what I've seen in papers is done via light spectrum analysis. By analyzing the light colors you can find chemical compositions of atmospheres for example because passing through an atmosphere will filter certain lig...
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[]
[ [ "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6165/1473", "https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/425/2/1007/1186053", "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature18641" ], [] ]
urco7
Did history smell bad?
What was the actual attitude towards personal hygiene throughout history? I realize that different cultures and time periods probably had vastly different views and thus my question doesn't exactly lend itself to a quick answer. To narrow it down, I suppose I'd be MOST interested in European history 1400-current (I...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/urco7/did_history_smell_bad/
{ "a_id": [ "c4xun83", "c4xvbxl", "c4xwjsr", "c4xwtom", "c4xxvle", "c4y1yqi" ], "score": [ 2, 3, 8, 4, 5, 3 ], "text": [ "It was bad, but not as bad as people make it out to be.\n\n[starting point](_URL_3_)\n\nMain problem during the Middle Ages and before w...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation#Middle_and_early_modern_age", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasma_%28Greek_mythology%29", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Temperaments", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene#History_of_hygienic_practices" ], [], [], ...
9sdj5g
what is the survival instinct?
Why does the survival instinct in humans only emerge after several years, yet for other species it seems to be innate? In other words why do some species have to learn survival skills, while in others it is an innate instinct?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9sdj5g/eli5_what_is_the_survival_instinct/
{ "a_id": [ "e8nx2jy" ], "score": [ 9 ], "text": [ "You’re really asking a nature vs nurture question. With humans, we live in relative safety and usually almost never experience anything that requires our survival instincts to kick in, and on top of that, even if they did, our brains are able to ...
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[]
[ [] ]
1euqdw
Question about second sons and noble titles/inheritance...
I was reading English peerage earlier this morning and I realized the sources I was finding mentioned nothing of what second (or third, or fourth) sons would get in terms of hereditary titles or lands when their father passed away. I think the sources I was reading were more interested in 1700's-1800's, so I don't thin...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1euqdw/question_about_second_sons_and_noble/
{ "a_id": [ "ca4261j" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Whereas in the early medieval period, when inheritances would be shared amongst several sons and daughters, male primogeniture granted the *entire* estate to the eldest son.\n\nMale primogeniture became the norm in England in the late medieval pe...
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[]
[ [] ]
ru6oy
If relativity theory rejects absolute space, does that mean an empirically adequate geocentric model of the solar system is as "legitimate" as a heliocentric one?
When I say "empirically adequate" I mean that, a la Ptolemy (but going way beyond him, even) we've added epicycle after epicycle such that the geocentric model is as predictively powerful and accurate as the heliocentric one. Is it thus the case that we accept a heliocentric model not because its simplicity implies it...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ru6oy/if_relativity_theory_rejects_absolute_space_does/
{ "a_id": [ "c48of0o", "c48oivf", "c48p836" ], "score": [ 2, 10, 6 ], "text": [ "The heliocentric model works better because everything in the solar system orbits the Sun, i.e. it's pretty much *literally* the centre of the solar system. So it's convenient *and* true.", "To an...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
4ep9bv
how do doctors know when a limb has to be amputated?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4ep9bv/eli5_how_do_doctors_know_when_a_limb_has_to_be/
{ "a_id": [ "d224ji6", "d2260cl" ], "score": [ 4, 3 ], "text": [ "It's mostly based on the prognosis, or what is likely going to happen to the limb if they don't cut it off. If you have gas gangrene, nothing anyone can do will save it. It's better to cut if off to stop the infection from s...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.mdcalc.com/mangled-extremity-severity-score-mess-score/" ] ]
1fv2g9
what causes us to pe attracted to a specific race?
I am a white female. Ihave always been almost exclusively attracted to black men. This has been going on ever since I was old enough to be attracted to anyone.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1fv2g9/eli5_what_causes_us_to_pe_attracted_to_a_specific/
{ "a_id": [ "cae3hrd", "cae3lid", "cae7tyk" ], "score": [ 6, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "I've wondered this. I think Freud would bring the parents into it, but even from my own experience this doesn't quite stack up. My 5c would be that it might have *something* to do with our early experie...
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[]
[ [], [], [] ]
d4ri7z
why do women sometimes get urinary tract infections from intercourse?
For a natural activity it seems awfully flawed if for an example trying to conceive, the woman can get a uti?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/d4ri7z/eli5_why_do_women_sometimes_get_urinary_tract/
{ "a_id": [ "f0fn4dp", "f0fo364", "f0fojeo" ], "score": [ 4, 4, 4 ], "text": [ "Women have a very short urinary tracts. This gives UTIs an easier path to cover.", "During sex, the urethra often comes into contact with bacteria from the genitals and anus. If a woman urinates a...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
5zy9pm
how exactly do skateboarders manage to keep their balance when going up the side of a halfpipe?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5zy9pm/eli5_how_exactly_do_skateboarders_manage_to_keep/
{ "a_id": [ "df1zlf5", "df23mt1" ], "score": [ 6, 2 ], "text": [ "The black thing on top of our boards is called griptape which helps us keep our shoes on the board when we go up. It's also a little bit like a swing, when we go down or up the transitions we bend our knees and lean either f...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
4hk18w
It's possible to create artificial diamonds but, is it possible to convert real diamonds to graphite?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4hk18w/its_possible_to_create_artificial_diamonds_but_is/
{ "a_id": [ "d2qui6o" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Sure. Just wait long enough. The stable state of carbon under ambient conditions is graphite, meaning that all other forms will spontaneously decompose to graphite, eeleasing energy. This process ia very, very slow, though. But given enough time ...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
782ji1
how do radio waves for cell phone signals penetrate into buildings if light can't travel around corners or visible light can't shine through opaque objects? wouldn't you need a direct line of sight to the tower?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/782ji1/eli5_how_do_radio_waves_for_cell_phone_signals/
{ "a_id": [ "doqhju6" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "Light and radio waves are all part of the electromagnetic spectrum. \n\nThey don't all behave or interact with stuff the same. Xrays, infrared and microwaves are also part of that spectrum. They, like radio waves can be reflected like visible lig...
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[]
[ [] ]
a6l370
how do different forms of mass communication work worldwide, when we're all so seperated by oceans? (we don't connect to internet servers across the globe through satellites, right?)
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a6l370/eli5_how_do_different_forms_of_mass_communication/
{ "a_id": [ "ebvsry3", "ebvstj3", "ebwyuy2" ], "score": [ 3, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "There's huge cables running across the oceans.\n\n[Here's](_URL_0_) all the connections.", "Most communications take place through fiber optic cables, which are buried under the ground (on land) and...
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[]
[ [ "https://media.pri.org/s3fs-public/styles/story_main/public/story/images/Screen%20Shot%202015-04-17%20at%202.51.06%20PM.png?itok=r5i_ys_w" ], [], [] ]
4z0kg0
What's the difference between an allergen and a poison or venom?
[deleted]
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4z0kg0/whats_the_difference_between_an_allergen_and_a/
{ "a_id": [ "d6sr0xh" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "An allergen is typically a harmless substance like tree pollen or peanut butter. But some people get sensitized to it, so that the immune system over-reacts. This over-reaction causes the symptoms of allergy, not the harmless substance.\n\nA veno...
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[]
[ [] ]
4rdqgy
why do companies need to put the ® or ™ symbols beside their product names every time it is written?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4rdqgy/eli5_why_do_companies_need_to_put_the_or_symbols/
{ "a_id": [ "d5083j8", "d5087tu", "d508e9v", "d50gxm8", "d50h3x4" ], "score": [ 190, 4, 16, 65, 3 ], "text": [ "The \"TM\" symbol is generally used for unregistered trademarks (including those that are still in the process of being registered) and doesn't do anythin...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/21s0yf/eli5_why_do_game_companies_feel_the_need_to_stick/" ], [], [] ]
1cgff7
how does the nintendo 3ds display work?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1cgff7/eli5how_does_the_nintendo_3ds_display_work/
{ "a_id": [ "c9g8tps" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The trick with 3D is to make each eye see a different picture. \n\nThe Nintendo screen does this by having a series of pointy 'ridges' on the screen with a different picture on each side. Your right eye sees the right side of all the ridges, and ...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenticular_lens" ] ]
b0c9n3
Was either of the World Wars seen as the beginning of the biblical apocalypse by significant numbers of people at the time?
These days claims that person X is the Antichrist or event X was predicted in the Book of Revelation are a dime a dozen, but what about when civilization really did seem to be on the verge of total collapse? Did people see Hitler as the Antichrist, or Lenin for that matter since the Bolsheviks were openly anti-Christia...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/b0c9n3/was_either_of_the_world_wars_seen_as_the/
{ "a_id": [ "eidotq1" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "The biblical connotations were often applied in regards to international politics during the first and second world wars. Religious affiliations as always were espoused by nearly all sides and often played well into their political or diplomatic ...
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[ [] ]
e67ef1
What causes hair to turn grey?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/e67ef1/what_causes_hair_to_turn_grey/
{ "a_id": [ "f9ojl0j", "f9ommxo", "f9opiw5", "f9owbmz", "f9p5je3", "f9p71e9", "f9pajof", "f9pbjv5", "f9pqp8z", "f9qavxt", "f9qscbn" ], "score": [ 3145, 116, 62, 19, 13, 9, 31, 6, 4, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Pigment cells cal...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19237503/" ], [ "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2015/05/ftc-challenges-marketers-baseless-claims-their-supplements" ], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
v7xo8
We speak in different languages, so why do we all make "ha ha" or "ho ho" sounds when we laugh?
I understand that laughter is something that is in-built, but what kind of influence does language have on it? Why does it/doesn't it? Are there any examples of very different sounds of laughter, or ways of expressing happiness and mirth?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/v7xo8/we_speak_in_different_languages_so_why_do_we_all/
{ "a_id": [ "c5254nq", "c5261lc", "c526czw", "c526hsw", "c526n48", "c526p8v", "c52875x", "c528apu", "c528o70", "c5294se", "c529pwi" ], "score": [ 612, 2, 22, 67, 18, 2, 3, 3, 3, 7, 4 ], "text": [ "Isn't laughter a phys...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "http://www.livescience.com/6946-joke-animals-laugh.html" ], [], [], [], [], [ "http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~babylab/", "http://www.radiolab.org/2007/sep/24/sound-as-touch/" ], [], [], [] ]
fs8son
n95 masks and how they work
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fs8son/eli5_n95_masks_and_how_they_work/
{ "a_id": [ "fm0237f", "fm02wtj" ], "score": [ 3, 3 ], "text": [ "It's the same principle as a coffee filter, you have the layers in the mask itself that are very fine as to catch anything in the air that passes through it like dust, harmful bacteria, fine moisture droplets that may harbou...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating" ] ]
v1pfx
disk frag/defragmentation
What does it mean when a hard drive is "fragmented", what is a fragment? What does it do when a program "defrags" a hard drive?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/v1pfx/eli5_disk_fragdefragmentation/
{ "a_id": [ "c50ihza", "c50kd3p", "c50kqjl" ], "score": [ 4, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "Every time you access a program or file, think of it like an overflowing folder of paper work, while you are moving with it from point A, to point B, you drop a few pages in different places, and when y...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
fb6dmq
how is ceramic dinnerware so durable?
I'm talking about your typical glazed plate or bowl or mug. I have plates and bowls that my parents got on their wedding day 35 years ago. After decades of washing and having other dishes rub against them and sharp knifes pressed on the surface, the glossiness has barely even worn off, let alone any other noticeable ...
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fb6dmq/eli5_how_is_ceramic_dinnerware_so_durable/
{ "a_id": [ "fj2mz3r" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "It has to do with hardness. Some materials like steel are very strong, but not terribly hard. You can scratch steel with most rocks, which we don't regard as being nearly as \"tough\" as steel. Wear tends to be an accumulation of small scratch...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1bnp15
How much did the Mongols invasion of China affect Japan?
As was mentioned in the thread about oldest "old money", the Mongols never successfully invaded Japan. Kublai Khan attempted twice, but was repelled. That got me thinking - what affect did the Mongol invasion and subsequent rule of China have on Japan? The Mongols were known for laying waste to kingdoms they warred wit...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1bnp15/how_much_did_the_mongols_invasion_of_china_affect/
{ "a_id": [ "c98ch8l" ], "score": [ 113 ], "text": [ "The effect was somewhere from somewhat important to absolutely vital. There is disagreement in the field, but it is generally accepted that the Mongols were an existential threat that hardened the Shogunate's control of the Honshu-Kyushu-Shikok...
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1aksyp
what exactly causes this kind of rainbow coloration on stainless steel pots
_URL_0_
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1aksyp/what_exactly_causes_this_kind_of_rainbow/
{ "a_id": [ "c8ycu69" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "Heating forms a thin layer of oxide over the steel, which causes the color effect by means of an optical process known as [thin-film interference](_URL_2_): basically the same effect that you can see in [soap](_URL_1_) [bubbles](_URL_0_) and [oil...
[]
[ "http://imgur.com/I2GyrUh" ]
[ [ "http://www.atoptics.co.uk/fz790.htm", "http://www.atoptics.co.uk/fz328.htm", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_interference#History", "http://www.atoptics.co.uk/fz436.htm" ] ]
1y03v1
Questions about Mad King Ludwig II of Bavaria
I've been reading a little bit about him, but I'm having a hard time learning any specific details. All I can find is very brief information that basically says "he was gay, he was insane, he was killed, he built castles." But I want to know more. How do they know that he was homosexual? Whats specifically did he do th...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1y03v1/questions_about_mad_king_ludwig_ii_of_bavaria/
{ "a_id": [ "cfgb5xl" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "There was a documentary on BBC 4 that dealt with this, tracking his life and the castles he built.\n\n_URL_0_\n\nIt's been a few months since I've watched it but the castles are thought to be a part of his escapism from the realities of the loss ...
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[ [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lf4wTQxAaMQ&feature=youtube_gdata_player" ] ]
5kop75
Why are atoms depicted as spherical in our science textbooks? [Chemistry]
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5kop75/why_are_atoms_depicted_as_spherical_in_our/
{ "a_id": [ "dbqf8fb" ], "score": [ 9 ], "text": [ "The actual structure is a bunch of probability distributions of electrons that are really hard to draw, and it doesn't give you a significant advantage over thinking of them as spheres. It explains why valance electrons matter, but it's a lot sim...
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[ [] ]
10dwge
stealing home base.
*Is it purely undertaken to entertain the crowd due to it's sheer outlandishness & unpredictability? Or is there a logic behind it under the right circumstances?*
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/10dwge/eli5_stealing_home_base/
{ "a_id": [ "c6cmry2", "c6cnyyi", "c6cqmm1" ], "score": [ 3, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "It's also done so that the team can get a run in before the batter can possibly strike out, ending the inning with a third out. \nOther bases also have advantages when stolen, because then if the ball i...
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[ [], [], [] ]
bj390t
how does the earth’s magnetism work if metals lose their properties with intense heat?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bj390t/eli5_how_does_the_earths_magnetism_work_if_metals/
{ "a_id": [ "em4xz63" ], "score": [ 10 ], "text": [ "Earth's magnetic field is generated by moving currents in the outer core. In that sense, it's more like a gargantuan electromagnet than a permanent magnet.\n\nMoving charge generates a magnetic field, and the liquid outer core moves in circular...
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2n9sbe
Are there any real instances of incredibly skilled soldiers in the ancient world?
By skilled soldiers I mean those from movie productions like Troy or 300, where one man is so skilled in combat that they can just mow through enemies. Are there any reliable sources indicating that such soldiers may have existed or are they just all myth and legend? Edit: spelling
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2n9sbe/are_there_any_real_instances_of_incredibly/
{ "a_id": [ "cmbyfhe", "cmbyfpg", "cmc2tep" ], "score": [ 3, 5, 7 ], "text": [ "You're talking about a period of time where it was often the difference between a professional soldier and the local militia man who was likely going to go home and farm once the summer campaign season ...
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[ [], [], [] ]
75n618
Did North American wolves “learn” guns are bad?
Ive heard that at first, wolves in North America didn’t react when the Europeans pointed guns at them. But as time went on they began reacting to them. How true is this?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/75n618/did_north_american_wolves_learn_guns_are_bad/
{ "a_id": [ "do7jiu4" ], "score": [ 9 ], "text": [ "Follow up question; would a biologist or similar be able to give different / more in depth information within Reddit?" ] }
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cl50i8
why are there more two headed animals being born than two headed humans?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cl50i8/eli5_why_are_there_more_two_headed_animals_being/
{ "a_id": [ "evswmr5" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "Two headed babies is a form of Siamese twins. This can only happen when there is twins. The probability of a twin birth depend on the mothers genes which is different between species. For humans this is quite rare but most animals give birth to t...
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2x6b0s
If you were to scream in the vacuum of space, would you be able to hear your own voice through the vibrations in your head? Or would you just hear silence?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2x6b0s/if_you_were_to_scream_in_the_vacuum_of_space/
{ "a_id": [ "coxasyd" ], "score": [ 194 ], "text": [ "Barring the other physical consequences of being exposed to space vacuum unprotected....if you had air in your lungs to exhale and 'scream' with, the vibrations from your vocal chords would propagate through your bodily tissue/matter and you'd ...
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7m2713
Seeing as how Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire, why didn't the Greeks retake the city upon regaining their independence from the Ottoman Empire?
Why did they stop where they did considering there were many more cities and Greek people throughout Anatolia?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7m2713/seeing_as_how_constantinople_was_the_capital_of/
{ "a_id": [ "drr15bw", "drr3qjm", "drrxtac" ], "score": [ 47, 64, 7 ], "text": [ "When the Greeks initially became independent in 1829 they were only capable of securing a part of modern Greece, they would not have been capable of invading Constantinople or Western Anatolia. If the...
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[ [], [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2sie71/was_there_ever_a_serious_effort_to_retake/" ], [] ]
25z6ff
Is ADHD something someone either has or doesn't have? Or is it a spectrum, and we only call it ADHD if a subject crosses some threshold?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/25z6ff/is_adhd_something_someone_either_has_or_doesnt/
{ "a_id": [ "chm7zhi", "chm8hcd", "chmalmk", "chmfynb", "chmg2pf" ], "score": [ 6, 8, 2, 6, 3 ], "text": [ "While we wait for someone with a bit more authority in the field to comment, I can at least offer something here. The main criteria for any clinical diagnosis...
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[ [], [], [], [], [ "http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/23lv2q/more_people_seem_to_be_diagnosed_with_adhd_than/cgzowvh?context=3" ] ]
4z8zbe
why does air cool when it's pressure decreases? (conversely, why does air heat up when it's pressure increases?)
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4z8zbe/eli5why_does_air_cool_when_its_pressure_decreases/
{ "a_id": [ "d6tupvd" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Temperature is caused by atoms and molecules whizzing around and hitting off each other. The more collisions, the higher the temperature. If you hold a finite volume of air in a container (say 1 mole, a unit of measurement for atoms and molecules...
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35aqx6
ukip had over three million votes, why did they only get 1 mp ?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/35aqx6/eli5_ukip_had_over_three_million_votes_why_did/
{ "a_id": [ "cr2ljep" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Let me explain with a really simplified version of the election:\n\n2 Parties run in 100 local elections, each local election gets 201 votes.\n\nBy sheer luck; Party 1 wins EVERY election 101 votes to 100. That means they win every seat.\n\nThe e...
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2r3no0
Why are Asia and Africa so big while Europe only occupies a small part of the world?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2r3no0/why_are_asia_and_africa_so_big_while_europe_only/
{ "a_id": [ "cncbe3m" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "The naming of Europe goes back to the Greeks. They divided the world with a line through the Aegean Sea, The Dardanelles, the Bosporus and the black sea leaving the crimean peninsula in Europe. Originally the term only applied to Greece but even...
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4pu712
why are airplanes and other aircrafts forward facing tips rounded instead of arrow shaped?
Wouldn't it cut through the air more efficiently if it was sharp?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4pu712/eli5_why_are_airplanes_and_other_aircrafts/
{ "a_id": [ "d4nvf3i" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ " > Wouldn’t it cut through the air more efficiently if it was sharp?\n\nOnly if the air only comes in perfectly straight. Otherwise it creates zones of low pressure which causes drag. A rounded nose allows the pressure wave which extends forward...
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qb5es
how do criminal bonds work?
I recently got arrested and had to bond out with a bondsman. I just kind of want a rundown of how the system works. Why does a bondsman take on a bond? Is it because a lot of people can't end up paying the difference? On another note, what happens to the money that you post to bail? Is it used for the jail? County? ya...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/qb5es/eli5_how_do_criminal_bonds_work/
{ "a_id": [ "c3w6ln8" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Bail isn't used for anything ideally. It's held by the court, and then given back to you when you show up at the required time. The bondsman just loans you the amount necessary to pay bail, and you agree to have the court pay him back directly.\n...
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3t7io9
what exactly are co-op apartments and how are they legal?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3t7io9/eli5what_exactly_are_coop_apartments_and_how_are/
{ "a_id": [ "cx3r68y", "cx3rbvf" ], "score": [ 6, 2 ], "text": [ "Co-ops (at least New York style) are a type of apartment ownership that have a purpose similar to condominiums, but with some differences. \n\nWith a condo, you own your unit outright but have a shared ownership of the comm...
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[ [], [] ]
17ap1o
Do any photographs exist of a Naval broadside hitting its target?
I saw the picture of the USS Iowa firing a full broadside but can't find any pictures of the aftermath. I know this minitrend probably annoys you but I'm genuinely interested and have looked through too many archives without any luck.
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/17ap1o/do_any_photographs_exist_of_a_naval_broadside/
{ "a_id": [ "c83umwn", "c83vui9" ], "score": [ 19, 7 ], "text": [ "This should give you an idea of what these battles looked like: [the Bismarck in her final battle.](_URL_1_) There seem to be numerous photos of the battle of Jutland too, but this one is clearer. It doesn't quite capture w...
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[ [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOCMu_6lUzI", "http://www.kbismarck.com/photo045.jpg" ], [ "http://www.hmshood.com/history/forceh/oran.htm", "http://www.past-to-present.com/showcountry.cfm?country=Algeria&indice=85&fp=0", "http://albumwar2.com/photo-19391945/4324-the-battle-between...
2xwrzt
why do solid-state drives work more efficiently?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2xwrzt/eli5_why_do_solidstate_drives_work_more/
{ "a_id": [ "cp43b58", "cp46bb3" ], "score": [ 8, 2 ], "text": [ "Let me begin by explaining how regular hard drives work. Imagine a record player. Replace the physical grooves on the record with a magnetic charge. Now make it really really tiny and spin very very fast. This is in essence ...
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bg4ql4
What prompted the erection of all these confederate statues?
And is there a good history book on black history that covers the period from after the civil war until the civil rights movement? Why was there a resurgence in racism at the beginning of the 20th century against blacks? Did Birth of a Nation have something to do with it?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/bg4ql4/what_prompted_the_erection_of_all_these/
{ "a_id": [ "elida2g" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "I've written in the past about Civil War memory, so [this previous post of mine](_URL_0_) might be of interest for you." ] }
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[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ai9s2d/did_the_construction_of_confederate_monuments/eem9o53/" ] ]
hxpmo
Cave Diving vs. Open Sea Diving Pressure Difference?
I asked a tangential question [here](_URL_0_), but my follow up question may be more suited to the scientists over here given that it is more closely related to physics than scuba diving. My actual question is as follows: "Would a scuba diver be able to go deeper under water in a cave than in the open ocean given the...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hxpmo/cave_diving_vs_open_sea_diving_pressure_difference/
{ "a_id": [ "c1z8hxe", "c1z8j7y", "c1z94hd" ], "score": [ 8, 14, 3 ], "text": [ "The amount of rock over your head doesn't affect the pressure you experience.\n\nThink of it more like being inside a pressurized vessel, such as a bottle. If you increase the pressure in the bottle, ...
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[ "http://www.reddit.com/r/scuba/comments/hwasp/record_diving_cave_vs_open_sea/" ]
[ [], [], [] ]
9bzhg8
Are the planets in our solar system charged? Do electric fields exist between them?
If you were up "above" the solar system, looking down at the plane of it, and you were wearing special Hoffman Lenses that allowed you to see Electric Field lines, what would you see? If the planets are charged, and they are moving, then does that mean they are throwing off electromagnetic waves? I have been told t...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9bzhg8/are_the_planets_in_our_solar_system_charged_do/
{ "a_id": [ "e56y9qz", "e57fz4e" ], "score": [ 15, 9 ], "text": [ "The total charge of the planets is negligible. Any relevant net charge would be neutralized quickly.", "As already said, planets do not carry charge. The sun on the other hand does carry charge. Electrons are lighter an...
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[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_magnetic_field" ] ]
7wx6z2
why did people used to believe in witches, and why did things like 'wearing red lipstick' increase your chance of being one?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7wx6z2/eli5_why_did_people_used_to_believe_in_witches/
{ "a_id": [ "du3umah" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Witches were women (and, little known fact, in some cases men) who practiced pagan traditions and rituals (the name stemming from the german term 'wicca'). The church saw them as heretics and opposed them and their ways. After a while they began ...
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5ijf1p
why are tunnels round?
Why are all tunnels, whether underwater or in a mountain, round? What would happen if we made a square tunnel?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5ijf1p/eli5_why_are_tunnels_round/
{ "a_id": [ "db8l8s3", "db8lk8v", "db8lldg", "db8q6cu", "db9ldo8" ], "score": [ 3, 5, 4, 4, 2 ], "text": [ "When they're naturally formed, a stream of water or something will be evenly eroding the material around it in the round shape.\n\nArches are also stronger th...
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[ [], [ "https://www.quora.com/Why-do-tunnels-have-a-circular-cross-section" ], [], [ "http://www.ramboll.co.uk/~/media/Images/RUK/Projects/JKL/london%20underground%20deep%20tube%20programme/london-underground-270x270.jpg", "http://www.chicago-l.org/history/6000s@Evergreen.jpg", "http://c8.ala...
64mxpk
what does the 'cosmic microwave background radiation' picture show and why is it oval-shaped?
I'm referring to this picture: _URL_0_
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/64mxpk/eli5_what_does_the_cosmic_microwave_background/
{ "a_id": [ "dg3fq2m", "dg3fugc" ], "score": [ 2, 6 ], "text": [ "The Cosmic Microwave Background is radio waves that come from seemingly empty outer space, from every direction. The Big Bang theory explains it as ancient light that has been 'stretched' by the whole universe expanding.\n\n...
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[ "http://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/wmap.jpg" ]
[ [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mollweide_projection_SW.jpg" ], [] ]
rld7m
How do you go from anecdotal evidence to scientific study?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rld7m/how_do_you_go_from_anecdotal_evidence_to/
{ "a_id": [ "c46r3nn" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "You need to do a scientific experiment where you have two equal groups and manipulate one independent variable to determine causation then publish your findings in a Peer-reviewed journal." ] }
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f0lu3t
what is the difference between atp and nad?
I know that ATP is a form of energy produced by the mitochondria for use by the cell I was interested in NAD after reading this article - _URL_0_ that talked about how when researchers gave mice a boost in NAD, it rejuvanted the mice and allowed the mice to live longer. I know that NAD is involved in metabolism and ...
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f0lu3t/eli5_what_is_the_difference_between_atp_and_nad/
{ "a_id": [ "fgv0es0" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "ATP is the energy molecule, which you're aware of. I don't know the full role of NAD, but it is part of the production of ATP. NAD becomes NADH when it accepts an electron, as glucose is broken down in multiple steps. Anyway, that accepted ele...
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[ "https://khn.org/news/a-fountain-of-youth-pill-sure-if-youre-a-mouse/" ]
[ [] ]
4u2ilt
Why didn't Germany take the rest of France in WW2 they seemed happy to stop after taking Paris?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4u2ilt/why_didnt_germany_take_the_rest_of_france_in_ww2/
{ "a_id": [ "d5mj8sh" ], "score": [ 17 ], "text": [ "The simple answer boils down to a couple of factors:\n\n* Military occupations can be very costly and expensive. For a country as densely populated as France, Germany would have had to commit a decent chunk of it's army to keep the annexed terri...
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syb09
When was the modern conception of romantic love developed? How long before it displaced ancient notions of marriage and love?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/syb09/when_was_the_modern_conception_of_romantic_love/
{ "a_id": [ "c4hzoj7", "c4i0fqg", "c4i0q5z", "c4i0u43", "c4i1js7", "c4i3qop", "c4i5ooo", "c4i9mqe" ], "score": [ 5, 2, 3, 45, 6, 4, 5, 2 ], "text": [ "[In the 18th century by the bourgeoisie](_URL_0_)\n", "Probably has some sources in the...
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[ [ "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-14248803" ], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtly_love" ], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]