q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
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ga540 | Why, when I wake up with the sun do I feel energized, but if I sleep another couple hours and wake up naturally I feel drowsy? | I have my bed right by my window, and will often wake up feeling great with only five hours of sleep. But if I go back to sleep and let my phone wake me up (I use Sleep as an Droid on my phone, so it should not interrupt REM sleep) I feel like utter crap in the morning. Why do I feel worse with more sleep? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ga540/why_when_i_wake_up_with_the_sun_do_i_feel/ | {
"a_id": [
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"It may be a number of things:\n\nWhen you wake up for the first time in the morning, you will have a [cortisol awakening response](_URL_1_) which pumps more cortisol through your body (40-75% more than normal) which increases blood sugar and aid... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythm",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisol_awakening_response",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep"
]
] | |
bc7ahu | how casinos opening in atlantic city destroyed atlantic city | I’m watching Action on showtime and it’s going through how casinos opening in AC killed the economy and town. Why is this economically? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bc7ahu/eli5_how_casinos_opening_in_atlantic_city/ | {
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"Casinos are a very high profit industry. Some people like them, and other people avoid them. The people who like them spend their money in them, making them profitable, but not helping the other businesses. The people who... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
4cwl9u | is there a way to induce hysterical strength (life-or-death adrenaline ) willfully? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4cwl9u/eli5_is_there_a_way_to_induce_hysterical_strength/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Of you can convince yourself you're in grave danger you can activate the flight or fight system. \n\nIt's kinda hard to do but i think i can sometimes do it of i think about something that gets me worked up or scared."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1geudk | Most photos of Hitler today show him looking stern or angry. What photos of him were commonly used during the Third Reich? Did they portray him the same way? | Clarification: what photos of Hitler were commonly used in Nazi media itself? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1geudk/most_photos_of_hitler_today_show_him_looking/ | {
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"I've seen videos of him looking happy and cracking jokes/laughing; heard he had a good sense of humour barring political or sexual jokes. He also put off marrying/announcing a relationship with Eva because he wished to appeal more to the German w... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
pveyq | Is heat generation using AC in anyway more efficient or easy than with DC? | I am trying to understand the physics involved with melting a steel wire using electricity for what will hopefully become a 3d metal printer.
I did a test calculation with a 0.2mm diameter iron wire, which came up with ~6w of power input needed to continuously melt the wire at a feed rate of 100mm/sec.
(resistance cam... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/pveyq/is_heat_generation_using_ac_in_anyway_more/ | {
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"The other comments seem to be missing the obvious. You are describing welding. Your estimates are for power volts and amps are all low (compared to typical welding power supplies), the materials aren't ideal, but the general idea is obviously s... | [] | [
"http://www.mpja.com/5V-30A-150W-Power-Supply/productinfo/16017+PS/"
] | [
[]
] | |
349wru | why is binary a more efficient system than decimal? | Why is 00100001 easier to process than 21? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/349wru/eli5why_is_binary_a_more_efficient_system_than/ | {
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"It's not more efficient. It's simpler for computers.\n\nAt their most basic level, modern computers are a large number (an unimaginably large number) of switches. Just like your light switches at home, ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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] | |
1dq7iu | the us cellphone carrier market... | I live in the UK and it's pretty simple and cheaper than the US market. I.e. pricing, plans and usage.
I literally don't understand the Verizon, AT & T etc etc.
Any overviews why they have their own varients. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1dq7iu/eli5_the_us_cellphone_carrier_market/ | {
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"copy & paste from one of my other post with some minor changes.\n\nmostly it's due to population density difference and the land mass it has to cover. tbh, not everything is a conspiracy.\n\n > Total land area: (UK) 244,820 sq km. (US) 9,161,966... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
bitudg | How hard would it be for a low-income citizen in 1700 to go an watch an orchestra? | This is not for any school assignment or anything like that. I'm just curious, so you don't have to take the time (unless you want to which I genuinely appreciate) to write long answers. Thanks in advance. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/bitudg/how_hard_would_it_be_for_a_lowincome_citizen_in/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Monovfox lays out the general predicament of any low-class person wanting to see a concert. However, there was a very interesting exception: Thomas Britton, the \"musical small coal man\". He was only a merchant who dealt ... | [] | [] | [
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"https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp00562",
"http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/edoc/ia/eese/artic99/loeff2/brit.html"
],
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIV",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ernest,_Duke_of_Saxe-Weimar",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wik... | |
ku1j2 | how do springs work? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ku1j2/eli5_how_do_springs_work/ | {
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"text": [
"Do you mean water springs or metal springs?",
"Do you mean water springs or metal springs?"
]
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2j2514 | What would tourism (say, in the Mediterranean) be like in the 1950s? | I watched the rather wonderful Mortimer Wheeler series *Hellenic Cruise*, and it got me wondering what most tourism was like then. Today there are wide networks of hostels and hotels, often concentrated in particular areas of the city, and it is very easy to travel independently with a flexible schedule. Was such flexi... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2j2514/what_would_tourism_say_in_the_mediterranean_be/ | {
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"Peter Throckmorton has a good deal to say about tourists in *Shipwrecks and archaeology; the unharvested sea.* He was a Mediterranean specialist. One of the problems he noted was that in the 1950's SCUBA technology was making its first big appear... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3wookx | Why do viruses have such complex antigen structures which follow distinct geometrical patterns? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3wookx/why_do_viruses_have_such_complex_antigen/ | {
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"text": [
"1. It works. Nature is pretty good at doing things efficiently. If it didn't work it wouldn't exist, basically the exact counter argument to creationism. So when you say it has complex antigen structur... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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] | ||
o46pb | Melatonin production is decreased by light. Is this frequency dependent? | My understanding is that when light is detected, the brain decreases the production of melatonin. Are there certain frequencies of light that have the strongest effect on this decrease, and others with the weakest? For example, would it be easier to stay asleep in a room with blue tinted windows compared to red tinted? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/o46pb/melatonin_production_is_decreased_by_light_is/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Short answer: Yes, blue light in the hours prior to sleep onset seems to suppress melatonin production, delay sleep onset, and subsequently alters patterns of sleep during the night. [Supported by a recent study](_URL_0_) (the most comprehensive... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00970.x/full"
]
] | |
1xeq9h | why i eye squint | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1xeq9h/why_i_eye_squint/ | {
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"text": [
"When you squint, you are limiting the amount of light entering your eye which allows you to focus on specific objects. "
]
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24sya4 | Why is von Manstein generally considered to be the best WW2 general? | That's a sentiment that I've come across in my weeks of Google-fu. I have the feeling that people overrate him because other people underrate him (especially when Rommel is brought up).
I don't think he's bad, I do think he's the best German general. But in terms of the sheer number of troops commanded in operations a... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/24sya4/why_is_von_manstein_generally_considered_to_be/ | {
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"text": [
"Allow me to post a brief overview of Manstein's campaigns, they don't do them justice but detailing his entire campaigns really deserve their own post.\n\n\"Sickle Stroke\"- arguably his most famous work, and possibly his greatest contribution to... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
9cm8zn | How involved were women in European Communist Parties in the 1920s? | Have been lurking here, but finally made an account and decided to ask some questions. Thank you very much for all your hard work!
I was wondering whether we know a lot about women's involvement in said parties. I know I said Europe, but within this I am happy to read about Russia too.
Did women struggle to join? Or... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9cm8zn/how_involved_were_women_in_european_communist/ | {
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" In my answer I will be concentrating on the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in the 1920s; hope that is OK and what you were looking for.\n\nCPGB was the largest Communist Party in Britain, and existed from 1920 to 1990. Women’s involveme... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1rx167 | How was a Officer's rank determined in the Confederate Army at the start of the Civil War? | How was an officer's rank determined in a newly formed army? If you were a Colonel in the U.S army before the formation of the CSA, would you just assume the same position, or was there a process for determining initial rank?
Bonus question: were any confederate military schools similar to West Point established or co... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1rx167/how_was_a_officers_rank_determined_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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10
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"text": [
"There was no formal, universal process for determining rank in the Confederate army. It could be assigned in several ways, and most of these were also common to the Union army. \n\n1) Election. Volunteer regiments (whic... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://lsupress.org/books/by-series/papers-of-jefferson-davis/"
]
] | |
6bo6c6 | [Physics] Can you fuse elementary particles and their antiparticles together, and what happens if you do? | I was wondering if you can fuse the following pairs:
-Quarks/Antiquarks
-Gluons/Antigluons
-Electrons/Positrons
Do you still get a Photon for all of them or do you get a new particle. If you get a Photon, how could you create a new particle instead of a Photon?
I'm guessing that they have to collide to release their ... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6bo6c6/physics_can_you_fuse_elementary_particles_and/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Particles and their antiparticles can sometimes form bound states, such as [positronium](_URL_1_) and [quarkonium](_URL_0_).\n\nThey can also annihilate to photons, or potentially other particles. For example, an important process in QED is\n\ne^... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarkonium",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positronium"
]
] | |
81q3sm | why are subreddits like r/shoplifting and r/stealing allowed? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/81q3sm/eli5_why_are_subreddits_like_rshoplifting_and/ | {
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"text": [
"Freedom of speech, coupled to both the fact that \"thought crime\" (i.e thinking about stealing) aren't easily punishable and the fact that every thing you say on the internet is satyre and shouldn't be taken literally.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
ebomv2 | Does HIV cancel out any allergies a person may have? | From my (admittedly limited) understanding, HIV causes your immune system to fail nearly completely
Allergies are an overreaction of your immune systems reacting to something that is not a threat to the body
If you were allergic to cats as an example, contracted HIV, and somehow came into contact with a cat, would y... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ebomv2/does_hiv_cancel_out_any_allergies_a_person_may/ | {
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"CD4+ cells (those which HIV targets) control the signal of the immune response so it'... | [] | [] | [
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"https://www.uptodate.com/contents/toxoplasmosis-in-hiv-infected-patients",
"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889856105703076",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105162/"
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4knv7f | why is the european union often accused of being undemocratic? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4knv7f/eli5why_is_the_european_union_often_accused_of/ | {
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"Because many of the decisions are made by EU commissioners who are appointed, with many never having stood for any kind of elected office before. Other decisions are made by votes of MEPs who are elect... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission#Legislative_initiative"
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4kgi0r | why do dogs roll around in things that smell weird? | My dog will walk around the yard sniffing things then randomly stop to roll around. After I cut the grass today he kept rolling in the grass clippings He also rolls around when he's really happy (like when he has a favorite toy.) Why do they do that? Or is my dog extra weird? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4kgi0r/eli5_why_do_dogs_roll_around_in_things_that_smell/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Your dog is trying to mask his scent. This makes it easier to sneak up on prey and surprise it so he wouldn't have to chase it down."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5lgnew | the idea of space as a vacuum. | Cannot. Understand. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5lgnew/eli5the_idea_of_space_as_a_vacuum/ | {
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"It is called that because space has nearly no atmosphere and extremely low pressure. Liquids and gasses always will flow from an area of high pressure to areas with lower pressure while no other forces... | [] | [] | [
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1v6yk2 | Tuesday Trivia | History’s Greatest Nobodies II: Military Edition | [Previous weeks' Tuesday Trivias and the complete upcoming schedule.](_URL_1_)
Today’s trivia theme comes to us from /u/johnnytest316!
Ahhh the Great Military Men of History we all know and endlessly talk about: Genghis Khan, Patton, Zhukov, MacArthur, Alexander the Great… Snooooze. These are people I think we’ve he... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1v6yk2/tuesday_trivia_historys_greatest_nobodies_ii/ | {
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... | [] | [
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"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/features/trivia"
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"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Sergeant_Stubby.jpg",
"http://amhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/exhibition/flash.html?path=8.1.r_15"
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"http://i.imgur.com/7MwUQtA.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/IJbDc0S.jpg"
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"http://generals.dk/general/Zhang_Zizhong/_/China.h... | |
n5aec | Why can't we remember everything we see? | I mean literally everything. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/n5aec/why_cant_we_remember_everything_we_see/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The brain stores information into several types of memory.\n\nShort term, long term, and sensory.\n\nSensory information stays for about half a second at most.\n\nShort term memories don't last long, and the brain can only j... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
a5vglq | How does HIV resistance work? Is it similar to antibiotic resistance? | In practical terms, if once a type of medicine no longer works against the pathogen, and you change your medicine, and the pathogen develops a new resistance again, and so on... Will it at some point become vulnerable again to your first medicine?
If it's possible to develop resistance to multiple medicines, how is th... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/a5vglq/how_does_hiv_resistance_work_is_it_similar_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"ebpnn0l",
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"score": [
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2
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"text": [
"It works exactly the same way antibiotic resistance works. The only difference is that HIV is a virus. The overaching idea is that there are lots of these copies of viruses floating around. The lifespan of any single virus ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5cb5g9 | how is it that something conceptual can make you feel something physical? ie: butterflies at something romantic, or feeling sick at the realisation of a mistake. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5cb5g9/eli5_how_is_it_that_something_conceptual_can_make/ | {
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"text": [
"The short answer is, the same way thinking to move your arm causes something physical to happen: your arm moving.\n\nYour brain is connected to your body by nerves and also produces hormones. When you're in love or very exci... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
fdw4bz | how does this sculpture work? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fdw4bz/eli5_how_does_this_sculpture_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"fjk3u9i"
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"text": [
"It works by being a lightweight net that is physically attached to different tethering spots by line that is difficult to see.\n\nIt is made of bits of mylar (the silver balloon stuff) attached to a big net.\n\n_URL_1_\n\n_URL_0_"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_Shard",
"http://www.poetickinetics.com/liquid-shard/"
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24d7f2 | linear (in)dependence in linear algebra | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/24d7f2/eli5_linear_independence_in_linear_algebra/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Linear independence of a set of vectors essentially means that you cannot create one by adding the others.\n\nAs a simple example, the \"unit vectors,\" or the vectors that correspond to the 3 coordinate directions, are [1,0,0], [0,1,0], and [0,0... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
63xfkb | Roman fleet problems with storms? | My question regards on the reason why for instance during the first Punic War Roman fleet managed to loose more than half of their fleet to a storm, for instance the show of force in southren sciliy 255 BC, or even later near cape Pilanurus? Anyway it boggles my mind how in relative proximity of landmass upon a sight o... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/63xfkb/roman_fleet_problems_with_storms/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The common explanation given for the destruction of the Roman navy is inextricably linked to the reason for its success, the use of the Corvus.\n\nPrior to the Punic wars, Rome had a relatively small navy, focusing primarily on land based forces ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1wp4d7 | How did life in the Soviet Union change after Joseph Stalins Death? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1wp4d7/how_did_life_in_the_soviet_union_change_after/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Can I ask the additional question of asking what happened to the prisoners in the gulags? Were they forced to serve their time or were they released straight after Stalins death?",
"(OK, here's primary and secondary sou... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B9",
"http://books.google.com/books?id=tbHMZAYRcLgC&pg=PA535&lpg=PA535&dq=amnesty+1953&source=bl&ots=HCa6xhwVT-&sig=hYWp9qHv73j72hw3sIh4qtmDPn4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=utDsUqfUM8L6oATTn... | ||
1w0ygz | If you let a chess-computer play itself repeatedly, will it play the same game over and over? | I would assume that there has to be some random variation in the choice of moves, at least in the early part of the game, right? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1w0ygz/if_you_let_a_chesscomputer_play_itself_repeatedly/ | {
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"text": [
"Wow, there's a lot of horrible answers in this discussion. Most of the people responding know nothing about chess engines.\n\nChess g... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preemption_(computing\\)#Preemptive_multitasking"
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[]
] | |
7th5r2 | how do apps such as hq trivia earn profit from giving away money everyday? where are they getting this money from? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7th5r2/eli5_how_do_apps_such_as_hq_trivia_earn_profit/ | {
"a_id": [
"dtcgzf2",
"dtcjie4"
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"score": [
9,
18
],
"text": [
"Their business plan is probably to raise a large following before they begin putting ads in their broadcasts. Most startups get money from angel investors. Ten thousand a day is not a lot considering most Internet startups ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
600g1s | What is the rate of formation for Uranium 235 in relation to Uranium 238 and how do we know? | In supernovae, where Uranium 235 and Uranium 238 are formed, how much Uranium 238 is formed in relation to Uranium 235? And More importantly, how do we know why this is the case?
As far as I know: When working out the age of the earth you have to know what the rate of formation are for the different nuclear isotopes ... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/600g1s/what_is_the_rate_of_formation_for_uranium_235_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"df2m0m5"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"The ratio of production of U-235 to U-238 in supernovae is roughly 1.65:1, however, this isn't relevant to radiometric dating.\n\nRadiometric dating works through processes that cause elemental separation which then makes it possible to measure t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
d6f01z | what exactly is happening to our bodies when we’re laying in the sun and feel it’s heat? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/d6f01z/eli5_what_exactly_is_happening_to_our_bodies_when/ | {
"a_id": [
"f0sh3q8",
"f0slvy3"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"The nerves in our skin that detect warmth are called thermoreceptors (we have separate ones for hot and cold). The infrared radiation from the sun is heat. It makes our skin warm. The thermoreceptors in our skin send signals... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
73c4vt | Would sound waves propagate through any arbitrary amount of gas in the vacuum of space? | If you and I were floating in space, totally exposed, and I screamed directly into your ear with lungs full of air, would you hear anything? In other words, is the air in my lungs voluminous enough to allow sound to travel through over short distances in a vacuum? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/73c4vt/would_sound_waves_propagate_through_any_arbitrary/ | {
"a_id": [
"dnpdmi8",
"dnphpkl"
],
"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"I don’t think this would be possible, because the pressure difference outside compared to inside your lungs would be so massive that you would never have enough time to scream before you lose your breath. If it were possible... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
cdn5qm | ; what is the mbti personality test, and does it hold any significant scientific validity? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cdn5qm/eli5_what_is_the_mbti_personality_test_and_does/ | {
"a_id": [
"etv0vq1",
"etv3pak",
"etvpktu"
],
"score": [
19,
15,
2
],
"text": [
"It holds absolutely 0 scientific validity, yet everyone still refers to it for some reason. It was not developed using any kind of scientific study, it was just how one woman viewed people.",
"MBT... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
23fpf7 | Is a toroidal star possible? | Would it be possible for a star to be toroidal? I am imagining a donut shaped star, spinning like a Stanford torus. Could a star be massive enough to ignite fusion without collapsing the torus? Could a star form this way naturally? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/23fpf7/is_a_toroidal_star_possible/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgwj77q"
],
"score": [
32
],
"text": [
"No. Gravity pulls the mass of the star together in all directions equally coalescing into a spheroid. Fusion causes it to expand to equilibrium.\n\nTo conjure up a universe where torodial bodies were the norm or even possible would require weake... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
226kqc | What was the night sky like 4 billion years ago? | Basically asking for scientific guesstimates on what the sky would have looked like.
I figure our light cone radius should be shrunk by even more than 4 billion light years due to inflation. And I figure due to actual relative movement, some have moved out of view and will come back into view as we go back 4 billion y... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/226kqc/what_was_the_night_sky_like_4_billion_years_ago/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgk567g"
],
"score": [
12
],
"text": [
"Good question. I don't have a full answer to your question, but I have some facts that will help work towards one.\n\nBear in mind the [early atmosphere](_URL_3_) was very different to the current one:\n\n > \"The early atmosphere was probably m... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOd3SAtoIgw&list=PLVf_PhNdaC9A27AMffgQ51YbVn6rR7Nvu",
"http://www.scientificamerican.com/slideshow/the-night-sky-will-fade-to-black/",
"http://www.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/708851F4-4F77-4628-8D94A8ADF95B317C.jpg",
"http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gc... | |
12nxkd | What makes incest so instinctively repellent to humans? | Leaving aside all moral implications, why do we find the idea of sexual relations with our siblings and close family members so repellent on an instinctive level?
Is it psychological? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/12nxkd/what_makes_incest_so_instinctively_repellent_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6woqv2",
"c6wov04"
],
"score": [
11,
10
],
"text": [
"Out of curiosity, do you have any reason to believe that it is instinctively repulsive vs. being something that is now a cultural norm? I don't mean this as in support of incest, just as a question since I know that incest... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westermarck_effect"
]
] | |
663woq | why are violent crimes more present in states or cities with tough gun control laws? | I keep hearing this. Is this even true? This has never made sense to me. HOW? and please... pretend I'm five, because I keep trying to google it and I end up becoming more confused and 10 pages deep in a gun regulation debate and thats not what I want... I'm just trying to understand. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/663woq/eli5why_are_violent_crimes_more_present_in_states/ | {
"a_id": [
"dgfcxmj",
"dgfdl5q",
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"score": [
10,
10,
8,
2
],
"text": [
"You may have cause and effect backward. It makes sense to me that states with more gun crime would have more public support for gun control laws.",
"It's not, really. One exa... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
58plow | Why are the planets logarithmically spaced? | I was fooling around with putting together a scale model of the solar system.
I noticed that the planets followed [a very familiar curve](_URL_0_).
[I plotted the planetary distances on a log scale just to be sure](_URL_1_). Yup! That's a really good fit!
What caused that spacing? Is it just a coincidence? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/58plow/why_are_the_planets_logarithmically_spaced/ | {
"a_id": [
"d92dvi6",
"d942ky3"
],
"score": [
231,
5
],
"text": [
"This is called the [Titius-Bode law](_URL_0_) and was basically an empirical fluke for the first few planets that didn't hold when they discovered more. [e.g. your curve with a line through the inner planets](_URL_1_).\n\n... | [] | [
"https://i.imgur.com/Mz1AsLeh.jpg",
"https://i.imgur.com/fNcJK9Hh.jpg"
] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titius%E2%80%93Bode_law",
"http://imgur.com/a/MIbLd",
"http://mnras.oxfordjournals.org/content/435/2/1126.short"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nice_model",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_resonance"
]
] | |
3hb0cn | When do historians get a clear separation/distinction between Jews and Christians? | So when Christianity started to spread, you ultimately had Jews who believed in the fledgling Christian ideology but still identified as Jewish. So when does the distinction become clear? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3hb0cn/when_do_historians_get_a_clear/ | {
"a_id": [
"cu5xn4k",
"cu5zgsx",
"cu5zguo"
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"score": [
13,
21,
4
],
"text": [
"I can't claim to be a genuine expert on this, but it was something discussed in the [Yale Open Course I watched on the New Testament](_URL_0_). Basically, the first three Gospels (Mark, Matthew, and L... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://oyc.yale.edu/religious-studies/rlst-152"
],
[],
[]
] | |
5e1jck | with most countries so far in debt, how does china have all this money to loan other countries like the u.s. and u.k. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5e1jck/eli5_with_most_countries_so_far_in_debt_how_does/ | {
"a_id": [
"da8yws6",
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"daa6gzi"
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"score": [
290,
3,
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162,
70,
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"text": [
"That's not how sovereign debt works.\n\nSovereign debt exists as... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Investment_Corporation"
]
] | ||
6o92fy | What was the financial situation for the US government in the 1880s? | We are discussing the Billion Dollar Congress in my history class right now. I wrote a paper a few years ago about the history of federal debt, and my research said that the federal government has maintained some level of debt since the War of 1812. I got my data from the Congressional budget office. If the government ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6o92fy/what_was_the_financial_situation_for_the_us/ | {
"a_id": [
"dkfkyop"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Here's a link to the paper and excel spreadsheet with my debt research\n_URL_0_\nAccording to the CBO, with some work by me, the federal government was $21.6 million in debt which was just over 10% of GDP at the time. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://nersheti.wordpress.com/2017/03/26/debt-and-war/"
]
] | |
140oyx | Why do only gas giants seem to have rings? | Is there a sort of gravitational minimum required for rings to form? Is there something keeping small, rocky worlds from gaining rings?
Looking at our own solar system, it certainly seems that way. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/140oyx/why_do_only_gas_giants_seem_to_have_rings/ | {
"a_id": [
"c78tu5z",
"c78u3m0",
"c78wg64"
],
"score": [
5,
11,
2
],
"text": [
"rings are created when the tidal forces between a planet and it's moon(s) are enough to shatter the moon. The inner planets are not massive enough for their tidal forces to be strong enough for this t... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_limit"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_impact_hypothesis"
]
] | |
cc6w7e | why do unused tabs drain cpu power | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cc6w7e/eli5_why_do_unused_tabs_drain_cpu_power/ | {
"a_id": [
"etkx0x7",
"etkzoaf",
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],
"score": [
5,
2,
4
],
"text": [
"They may be unused, but they’re probably running a bunch of JavaScript crap on the page. Things like banner ads rotations or animations. All those burn cpu cycles whether the page is the focus or not."... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
dbh01s | How is it possible to isolate a single atom of an element and hold it stationary? How is it done? | I recently came across this photo of a single strontium atom, not a real atom but as they put it,
> The atom is being illuminated by a blue-violet laser. The energy from the laser causes the atom to emit photons which Nadlinger could capture on camera using a long exposure
_URL_0_
So, I was wondering how were they a... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/dbh01s/how_is_it_possible_to_isolate_a_single_atom_of_an/ | {
"a_id": [
"f22koip"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"The thing that was the most remarkable about the picture you're citing is not that it was an image of a single atom but that it was an image of a single atom captured with a store bought camera. [It took an exposure of 30 seconds to capture the ... | [] | [
"https://www.sciencealert.com/this-mind-blowing-photo-of-a-single-trapped-atom-won-a-prize-this-year"
] | [
[
"https://www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/research/ion-trap-quantum-computing-group/intro-to-ion-trap-qc",
"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1730030",
"https://www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/research/ion-trap-quantum-computing-group",
"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1989/summary/"
]
] | |
1w4ejk | currently, what are the two sides of the net neutrality debates? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1w4ejk/eli5_currently_what_are_the_two_sides_of_the_net/ | {
"a_id": [
"ceymbv5"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"This is a bit complex and hard to put in ELI5 terms.\n\n(a) many people who consume content online believe that all the content they consume should be treated the same by the ISP, whose role is limited to just *transporting* things that the consu... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1gsot0 | the volatility of gas prices | In the past two weeks where I live, gas prices have gone up to $4.26/gallon and is now back down to $3.64/gallon. I know that sometimes oil companies capitalize on the collective fear after a terrorist attack or something similar, but in this instance there wasn't any huge news story like that.
What makes the price go... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1gsot0/eli5_the_volatility_of_gas_prices/ | {
"a_id": [
"canrci9"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The reason the price of gas is so volatile is that there is no ONE reason that the price fluctuates; oil is a globally traded commodity that is used for pretty much ever facet of life. I'll try and list them, but I'll probably leave something out... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
30359v | Why aren't Technetium and Promethium naturally occurring? | Do they undergo radioactive decay too easily? If that's the case, why them and not the elements near them on the periodic table? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/30359v/why_arent_technetium_and_promethium_naturally/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpp086b",
"cpp4se7"
],
"score": [
4,
2
],
"text": [
"Note that both isotopes do occur in nature. For example, we can see [technetium in stars](_URL_1_). \n\nYou are essentially correct about radioactive decay. All isotopes of both elements have half-lives which are too short f... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/40960/why-is-technetium-unstable",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium_star"
],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1nd02l/"
]
] | |
524cd0 | Cats & Dogs have many nipples. What creatures have the most nipples. Why? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/524cd0/cats_dogs_have_many_nipples_what_creatures_have/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7hbbfj"
],
"score": [
121
],
"text": [
"From _URL_0_:\n\n\"The number of nipples varies from 2 (in most primates) to 18 (in pigs).\"\n\n\"The nipples and glands can occur anywhere along the two milk lines, two nearly parallel lines along the ventral aspect of the body. In general mos... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary_gland#Other_mammals"
]
] | ||
2bs92m | how do we not get sick from using manure as fertilizer? | Just curious how this is possible. How does this not cause sickness, but every few years theres an outbreak of something like E. coli on spinach? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2bs92m/eli5_how_do_we_not_get_sick_from_using_manure_as/ | {
"a_id": [
"cj8dscv",
"cj8ei1c"
],
"score": [
6,
3
],
"text": [
"There's two filters on manure before it typically gets into mass-produced food.\n\nOne is the fact that they use \"rotted\" manure which is essentially a rest that causes a further breakdown of the plants and animals that th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
aknikd | How much caffeine will it take too be lethal? | This is the question that I have been thinking ever since I try to drink coffee (almost) everyday.
I'm just wondering, how many caffeine does it took to be a dangerous chemical?
(Mods: no this is not a personal question/medical advice, It's just what I think when I'm drinking coffee) | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/aknikd/how_much_caffeine_will_it_take_too_be_lethal/ | {
"a_id": [
"ef6f2qs",
"ef6udfi"
],
"score": [
76,
5
],
"text": [
"The lethality of chemicals is often reported as the LD50.\n \n > An acute LD50 is a statistically derived amount of a substance that can be expected to cause death in 50% of the animals when given by a specified route as a... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://web.archive.org/web/20120112134847/http://jcp.sagepub.com/content/7/3/131.extract",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27461039"
],
[
"https://www.caffeineinformer.com/death-by-caffeine"
]
] | |
bu5gtx | Can viral vectors used in gene therapy replicate, or do they just deliver their payloads and die? | I've read about experiments in curing genetic diseases using viral vectors. From what I understand, they take a virus, put RNA or DNA encoding correct genes, as opposed to faulty ones causing patient's disease, then infect people with that virus, and it injects patient's cells with correct genes. What I want to know is... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/bu5gtx/can_viral_vectors_used_in_gene_therapy_replicate/ | {
"a_id": [
"ep7k8eu"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"Viral replication in cells typically isn't very good for those cells, so it is not desirable for viruses to be replication-competent for in vivo use. As such, usually the 'transfer' plasmid that has the genetic information you want to deliver is ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.addgene.org/viral-vectors/lentivirus/lenti-guide/"
]
] | |
30yz12 | what determines nationality? why and when did the idea that our nationality is determined by where we are born start and is it internationally recognized? |
If I'm American and my child is born in Japan, Canada, Saudi Arabia my understanding is my child is either or can later chose to be a citizen of that country.
If I'm American and my husband/partner is Nigerian and the baby is born in China but raised in Thailand where is that child considered a resident?
These ki... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/30yz12/eli5what_determines_nationality_why_and_when_did/ | {
"a_id": [
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"cpx75zf",
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"score": [
2,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Local laws will vary, but generally place of birth and nationality of the parents come into play. Many countries allow multiple citizenships, so it's possible... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
284f81 | what's wrong with the big pharmaceutical industry? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/284f81/eli5_whats_wrong_with_the_big_pharmaceutical/ | {
"a_id": [
"ci7as2c",
"ci7bhsj",
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],
"score": [
3,
2,
5
],
"text": [
"Many people believe that \"big pharma\" is evil because when you can control the keys to health, there is a lot of room for exploitation. Suppose you were dying and you could only get the cure from me.... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
5zyotg | Why don't wireless chargers interfere with sensitive electronics like processors, sensors, and radios? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5zyotg/why_dont_wireless_chargers_interfere_with/ | {
"a_id": [
"df2ib6z",
"df2umry",
"df6li8u"
],
"score": [
17,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Wireless chargers work by passing alternating current through a coil to create an oscillating magnetic field. This is similar to how a radio transmission antenna works, but the charging coil is specifi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISM_band",
"http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/power-management/wireless-inductive-battery-charging/power-transmission-shielding-screening.php"
],
[]
] | ||
12ikq1 | What do people really think of General Sherman? | I am from the South, and a lot of consensus here is that Sherman completely decimated, pillaged, murdered, raped a lot of innocent Southerners upon his military conquest and raiding ("scorched earth"). I know some of this is true. I also know that he played a large part in winning the War. Also I am not talking about w... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/12ikq1/what_do_people_really_think_of_general_sherman/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6vcsqs",
"c6ve72q",
"c6vehu8",
"c6vglxb",
"c6vkfxb"
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"score": [
17,
18,
12,
12,
4
],
"text": [
"I'm no expert of the Civil War, but try not to frame history as a single narrative with good guys and bad guys, heroes and villains. It is likely that wha... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/grimsley1/myth/myth.htm"
],
[],
[
"http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2012/05/war-document-general-william-tecumseh-sherman-to-the-mayor-and-councilmen-of-atlanta.html",
"http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/17/shermans-southern-sympathies/"
],
... | |
1ip9xt | did slaves get days off? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ip9xt/did_slaves_get_days_off/ | {
"a_id": [
"cb6qkxh",
"cb6rfi0",
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"cb76qnu"
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"score": [
850,
120,
26,
7,
15,
10,
7,
5
],
"text": [
"Frederick Douglass records in his account that on some plantations slaves were not fo... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.gutenberg.org/files/23/23-h/23-h.htm"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/roper/roper.html"
],
[
"http://www.monticello.org/site/house-and-gardens/privies"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
cz4inh | electrical current and grounding | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cz4inh/eli5_electrical_current_and_grounding/ | {
"a_id": [
"eyvy2fx",
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"score": [
7,
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Birds have higher resistance than the cable they are sitting on, so electrons take the easier path.\n\nIf the bird had one leg between the cable and the ground, it becomes the easi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1ndbj9 | Is inter-species bonding limited to almost exclusively mammals? | I'm a subscriber to /r/AnimalsBeingBros, and just generally throughout my life I've noticed that most inter-species bonding I've encountered has been between mammals. Though I've seen the occasional bird befriending a dog, "friendships" have almost always been between mammals: dogs, sheep, cats, cows, elephants, humans... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ndbj9/is_interspecies_bonding_limited_to_almost/ | {
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"text": [
"The species in question are all social species. That's what makes the big difference. If a species isn't social it won't have deep instincts to interact with its own species, let alone having that transfer over to other spec... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-species_foraging_flock"
],
[]
] | |
72q9ar | if rockets use controlled explosions to propel forward, why can’t we use a nuclear reaction to launch/fly our rockets? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/72q9ar/eli5_if_rockets_use_controlled_explosions_to/ | {
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"We have a plan to do it, but its not environ... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Orion_(nuclear_propulsion)**"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_propulsion#Spacecraft"
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[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://jalopnik.com/the-flying-crowbar-the-insane-doomsday-weapon-america-1435286216"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
4i280n | why do americans drink alcohol through a brown paper bag? | Is it a TV stereotype, or does it happen in real life as well? If anything, the brown paper bag seems to emphasise that the person is drinking alcohol. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4i280n/eli5_why_do_americans_drink_alcohol_through_a/ | {
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"Drinking in public is outlawed almost everywhere. So you use a brown paper bag or hope a cop doesn't recognize that your can/bottle is... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://youtu.be/0YrWiwUM3FA"
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] | |
ji4un | If electromagnetic fields propagate in "a wavelike manner" - what are they moving through? | Just trying to get a better understanding of electromagnetism, the Wikipedia page talks about the electromagnetic field being ["regarded as a smooth, continuous field, propagated in a wavelike manner"](_URL_0_) - sorry if this is silly, but don't waves have to move through stuff? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ji4un/if_electromagnetic_fields_propagate_in_a_wavelike/ | {
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5,
3,
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"text": [
"No, waves don't have to move through stuff. Unless you want to consider abstract mathematical things like unexcited electromagnetic fiel... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_field"
] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminiferous_aether"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminiferous_aether"
],
[]
] | |
3y4jzu | How did Romans or Greeks view the erotic--eg, the mosaics in Pompeii, Priapus statuary or Catullus? Was it discussed in everyday conversation or was it seen as illicit? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3y4jzu/how_did_romans_or_greeks_view_the_eroticeg_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cyaq0j4"
],
"score": [
23
],
"text": [
"This is a rather broad question which will, unfortunately, have a very broad answer.\n\nIn 'short', the Roman and Greek social systems of thought conceived of the erotic very differently than we do. The mosaics in Pompeii weren't pornographic to... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1qc8m0 | are photos of nude underaged girls in mainstream movies considered child pornography? | It seems that, every time this question is asked, the answer from reddit is a resounding "NO!"
The reason I need this explained to me like I'm five is that, despite this supposedly being the case, mods on multiple subreddits delete these photos immediately from any post.
Two examples: Keira Knightly bared her breast... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1qc8m0/eli5_are_photos_of_nude_underaged_girls_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdbcrhj"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"The short answer appears to be \"Not if it has artistic value\". \n\nThe Supreme Court has not ruled on this issue in relation to *child* pornography, but for normal (heh) pornography this is the general rule. So yes you can show the breasts of ... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/1qb19j/where_have_you_been_banned_from_and_why/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1p9kmn/eli5_how_can_american_beauty_have_under_18_nudity/"
] | [
[]
] | |
5btmmv | how can i stay anonymous on the internet? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5btmmv/eli5_how_can_i_stay_anonymous_on_the_internet/ | {
"a_id": [
"d9r43uo",
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"score": [
41,
3,
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33,
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"text": [
"Do not use services such as Google, Facebook, Tinder, Snapchat, Twitter etc.\n\nMake use of a VPN and use the TO... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Privacy_Guard",
"https://tails.boum.org/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://tails.boum.org/"
],
[
"protonmail.com",
"tuta.io"
]
] | ||
3p1r85 | why is a baby not nine months old when its born? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3p1r85/eli5_why_is_a_baby_not_nine_months_old_when_its/ | {
"a_id": [
"cw2dz03",
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"score": [
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2,
8
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"text": [
"Because there is not a concrete date of conception that can be confirmed. Some infants are born later than 9 months of development, and some are born earlier. So we calculate age from a concrete date an... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
5ofq3o | why is it that you never notice a person (mostly kids) aging when you see them regularly, but when you look back at old photos/videos, you only then realize how much they've grown? | I'll give my cousin as an example. He's in his "puberty" years, so a lot of bodily changes happen then. To me, he's always looked the same as he did a few years ago. I only really noticed a small change in his voice, but nothing major. Then I look back on old home videos, and saw how truly young he looked before "pube... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5ofq3o/eli5_why_is_it_that_you_never_notice_a_person/ | {
"a_id": [
"dcizsw2",
"dcj8o0m"
],
"score": [
16,
4
],
"text": [
"Day to day things are stored in short term memory. The mundane gets replace a lot. Long term memory is stored elsewhere in the brain. Looking at an old photograph will bring those memories to the short term part of the brai... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
30ii8s | why when i drop something in the car does it not fly back? | I've always thought about this since I was a kid, and there's probably a really easy answer.
If you don't understand the question, basically what I'm asking is that, why if I drop something outside the car it goes flying past (the car drives forward not the object falling back) but if I drop an object in the car it g... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/30ii8s/eli5_why_when_i_drop_something_in_the_car_does_it/ | {
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"cpsq6zp",
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2,
3,
22,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Newtonian physics. The item you drop already has the same forward speed (momentum) as you and the rest of the car. And object at motion will always stay in... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
20d3sk | When did the practice of collecting childrens teeth begin in North America? | It's a bizarre practice, but considered normal among many people I know in the U.S. I remember my mother keeping our teeth we lost as kids in a jar or something in her room.
When did this become normal? When-ish did it start? What sort of cultural phenomena such as this occurs else where? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/20d3sk/when_did_the_practice_of_collecting_childrens/ | {
"a_id": [
"cg23l2j"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"This is a very old tradition and North America inherited it, with modifications, based on a European prototype. This [this article](_URL_0_) for example. There are also some excellent articles dealing with this topic in Peter Narváez, ed., The Go... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Tooth_fairy.html"
]
] | |
3n38l1 | if theirs a burglar in you're home and you're forced to hide in closet, why can't you text 911 for help? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3n38l1/eli5_if_theirs_a_burglar_in_youre_home_and_youre/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvkdkos",
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"score": [
7,
5,
3
],
"text": [
"[Because that system isn't fully rolled out yet](_URL_0_)\n\nNew stuff cost money, particularily when it needs to be implemented with existing systems without having issues. Emergency services usually h... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.fcc.gov/text-to-911"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
9o1y5p | why don’t humans have a thick fur like most other mammals? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9o1y5p/eli5_why_dont_humans_have_a_thick_fur_like_most/ | {
"a_id": [
"e7qq3pd",
"e7qrqup"
],
"score": [
19,
7
],
"text": [
"Our hunter gatherer ancestors hunted by chasing animals down in marathon runs until the animals died of heat exhaustion / regular exhaustion. In our base survival skills, endurance running is our animal specialty. Virtually... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
22c6j3 | why does australia use australian dollars and not australian pounds? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/22c6j3/eli5_why_does_australia_use_australian_dollars/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgld7xu",
"cgldhmp",
"cgldkck"
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"score": [
2,
12,
3
],
"text": [
"We did use pounds, until February 14, 1966.",
"Australia originally used Australian pounds (divided into 20 shillings, and 1 shilling into 12 pence).\n\nWhen Australia decided to switch to a decima... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_dollar#History"
],
[]
] | ||
b5qha6 | what is the difference between an atom and a chemical element? | Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that cointains the chemical properties of a chemical element, but what is the difference between the two.
How do we know for example if we have an atom of hydrogen or if we have a chemical element hydrogen?
| explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b5qha6/eli5_what_is_the_difference_between_an_atom_and_a/ | {
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"ejf4c9s",
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"ejf6yyu"
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"score": [
3,
6,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Atoms are what makes up elements. Atoms are the smallest parts of elements that still have all the properties of that element.",
"Atoms and elements are one and the same.\n\nAt... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://sciencing.com/what-is-a-diatomic-molecule-13712153.html"
],
[],
[]
] | |
lg0sv | store brands | Always been a mystery to me. I want to know about the whole industry. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/lg0sv/eli5_store_brands/ | {
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"c2sdmgq",
"c2se794",
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"c2sfcfn"
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"score": [
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
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],
"text": [
"Who are the people that try to mimic the original product?\nWhy is it legal for a retail store to profit off of similarity to an establi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1f3h3l | Why aren't vertical axis wind turbines being used on a large scale? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1f3h3l/why_arent_vertical_axis_wind_turbines_being_used/ | {
"a_id": [
"ca6g480"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"A good home for this question would be /r/AskScienceDiscussion."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2ybdvn | Was the Russian railway system pre-WW1 really expanding at such a rapid pace as to threaten a potential German victory in war? | I've been following The Great War on YouTube and this pops up now and then, and I'm genuinely curious if this was a real thing or an overblown fear of certain German generals, disregarding other Russian inadequacies in armament and industry. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ybdvn/was_the_russian_railway_system_preww1_really/ | {
"a_id": [
"cp844mo"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The german war plan (Schlieffenplan) was dependent on Germany defeating France fast and then turning towards Russia. Therefore, the speed at which the russian Army could mobilise and be brought to bear did matter in the pre-war planning. France d... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
858z33 | why do food regulations require pork and chicken to be fully cooked to kill bacteria in the meat? whereas beef can be consumed half-cooked. how do we know the same harmful bacteria in pork and chicken isn't also in beef? | ELI5: Why do food regulations require pork and chicken to be fully cooked to kill bacteria in the meat? Whereas beef can be consumed half-cooked. How do we know the same harmful bacteria in pork and chicken isn't also in beef? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/858z33/eli5_why_do_food_regulations_require_pork_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"dvvmon9"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"All meats can have e coli on them, but e coli can only live on the surfaces, it can't penetrate into the meat. Cooking on the outside kills e coli. You can also cut away surfaces to get a clean part, hence why people can eat raw beef like steak ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5t1qqu | why do some people pay to get their taxes done, while others do it themselves for free? | First of all, this is my first year adulting/having a job, so taxes are very new to me.
This year, my mom went to H & R block, and the little stands in Walmart to get her taxes done. They both charged a ridiculous amount of money, so she left, and said "fuck it I'll do it myself"
She did both of our taxes in about 30... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5t1qqu/eli5_why_do_some_people_pay_to_get_their_taxes/ | {
"a_id": [
"ddjg2fb",
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"ddjipra",
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"score": [
2,
3,
3,
4,
4,
2,
2
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"text": [
"Lack of knowledge on how to properly complete them. \nFurthermore, if you make for example half a million a year d... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"turbotax.com"
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[],
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] | |
4xnvn6 | how do the opsin proteins we have in our eyes convert light into an electrochemical signal? | I just found an article regarding opsin and then I wanted to read about its function on wiki, but the article there is a bit too technical, to say the least, I quote: "Opsin proteins covalently bind to a vitamin A-based retinaldehyde chromophore through a Schiff base linkage to a lysine residue in the seventh transmemb... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4xnvn6/eli5_how_do_the_opsin_proteins_we_have_in_our/ | {
"a_id": [
"d6h0m5r",
"d6h0n8w",
"d6h7z06",
"d6iyjqc"
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"score": [
90,
6,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"I'll attempt to translate this to layman's terms bit by bit, since I think that's what you're asking for. \n\n**Opsin proteins:** As you may know, \"proteins\" are the various ti... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Rhodopsin_3D.jpeg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Phototransduction.png",
"http://icanhasscience.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Photoisomerization-of-Retinal.jpg"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
ie8be | Two hypothetical questions about "replacement" Voyager probes.. | How long would it take a probe like Voyager, made from our best production-ready grade technology to catch up with the Voyagers (as they are still moving)
...and how much further would they go given the same fuel capacity as the Voyagers? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ie8be/two_hypothetical_questions_about_replacement/ | {
"a_id": [
"c231oab"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I can answer the latter question. More or less the same distance. They're coasting through space now. They'll only stop when they collide with something. Total distance isn't really a function of fuel."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2kc2bi | could nitrogen in scuba tanks be replaced with an inert gas like argon to prevent nitrogen narcosis? | If there is no nitrogen in the tank but there is oxygen at normal atmospheric concentration, could that eliminate the decompression limit allowing someone to stay down as long as they have air? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2kc2bi/eli5_could_nitrogen_in_scuba_tanks_be_replaced/ | {
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"text": [
"It can be, and is, replaced with helium for deep dives. People use either trimix (replace some of the N2 with He) or heliox (replace all of the N2 with He) ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-pressure_nervous_syndrome"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimix_%28breathing_gas%29"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_blending_for_scuba_diving"
],
[]
] | |
bf1mkl | British morale during WWI | Unlike the other combatants, Britain wasn't really fighting on its own borders, and they were fighting alongside allies they had historical animosity toward (Russia and France), so what was the morale of its military like and what did its propaganda focus on to motivate them? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/bf1mkl/british_morale_during_wwi/ | {
"a_id": [
"elarlq6"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"/u/NMW writes about British propaganda [here](_URL_0_). See also the comments of /u/RenoXD [here](_URL_1_) (soldiers' motivation, mutinies) and [here](_URL_2_) (effect of gas masks on morale)."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/19zi3f/how_was_propaganda_used_in_your_area_of_study/c8ssasc/",
"https://en.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1kt0i1/wednesday_ama_british_military_history/cbsc784/",
"https://en.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1kt0i1/wednesday_ama_british_militar... | |
26dbzd | how do employers in the us employ illegal aliens without any legal ramifications? | Several employers I've been have employed illegal aliens. How do they do so, without any troubles from INS or the IRS? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26dbzd/eli5_how_do_employers_in_the_us_employ_illegal/ | {
"a_id": [
"chpy5f1",
"chpy8mv",
"chpyaut",
"chpydoo"
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"score": [
3,
7,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"As far as I'm aware, you actually can't do that. They're likely paying them under the table, possibly less than minimum wage.\n\nI'm no legal professional, but I have worked for a ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
3p5kfi | In American Football bringing an extra defenceman to go after the Quarterback is referred to as the Blitz. Does this terminology relate to the German Blitzkrieg (Lightning War) in WW2 or does it pre-date WW2? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3p5kfi/in_american_football_bringing_an_extra_defenceman/ | {
"a_id": [
"cw3g2gy"
],
"score": [
71
],
"text": [
"**It comes from World War II,** but it didn't have the connotation it has today. Instead, it was used in the more general sense of a rapid attack against which defense is futile or of little effect.\n\nIn this context, it shows up as much in bas... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/18/sports/football/the-boy-the-bears-and-the-cherished-memories.html?_r=0"
]
] | ||
2w2in4 | Did vikings have "shipyards" or centralized locations dedicated to building multiple ships? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2w2in4/did_vikings_have_shipyards_or_centralized/ | {
"a_id": [
"con9aj1"
],
"score": [
17
],
"text": [
"Unfortunately, we really don't know much about the tradition of Norse and northern European shipbuilding during this time period (and this is where I'm going to be pedantic and say that \"Viking\" was an activity, not a noun, though language is ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/20495205?sid=21105365567891&uid=2&uid=3739256&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739640&uid=2129"
]
] | ||
afo7fq | I want to know more about the Pinkerton detectives. Were there many private security agencies like them when they were prominent? What could and couldn’t they do legally, and what’s changed since then? What caused them to fall out of the spotlight, considering they company still exists? | Asking out of curiosity and because I was thinking about including a similar organization in a story at some point (nothing concrete as of yet). | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/afo7fq/i_want_to_know_more_about_the_pinkerton/ | {
"a_id": [
"ee2g7m6",
"ee2mc85"
],
"score": [
38,
19
],
"text": [
"I [answered](_URL_1_) a similar question a while back, and I hope my answer will help. Let me summarize: While pursuing wanted criminals was certainly profitable in the first few decades after the start of the Pinkertons i... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1v7v10/were_bounty_hunters_around_in_the_wild_west_and/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2xzfa4/what_happened_to_the_pinkerton_detective_agency/"
],
[]
] | |
5lljm1 | why do we salivate and gulp when we are nervous or put on the spot? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5lljm1/eli5_why_do_we_salivate_and_gulp_when_we_are/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbwohcg",
"dbwxgbr",
"dbxhrn1"
],
"score": [
20,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"When you're in fight or flight response and your sympathetic nervous system is activated. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system actually shuts down saliva production, digestion and other rest an... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
5suj10 | power usage by smartphones is progressively growing, but battery capacity stays relatively same. why? | To clarify the question: we've seen impressive changes in their processing power, display size and resolution. However, there's little to no development of battery cell capacity. Why is that?
*Edit*: Thanks everyone for the answers! | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5suj10/eli5_power_usage_by_smartphones_is_progressively/ | {
"a_id": [
"ddhwalz",
"ddhwfke",
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],
"score": [
15,
4,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"Circuits in the phone follow Moore's Law (transistors double every ~18 months). The more transistors a phone has, the more power it uses. Moore's law says that number keeps incr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2bddpe | Why do fluorescent bulbs take time to achieve full luminosity? | I'm aware luminosity is used mainly for astronomy but I figured it would work here as well.
My basic understanding of CFL bulbs is that an electric current is sent through a gas to generate light. Is this not like neon lights, and why does it take awhile for the gas to achieve full light intensity? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2bddpe/why_do_fluorescent_bulbs_take_time_to_achieve/ | {
"a_id": [
"cj4n1hc"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"CFL bulbs have to heat up. Depending on the bulb, there is some substance called amalgam that has to boil off before the bulb reaches peak luminosity.\n\n_URL_0_"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.litetronics.com/lighting-technology/why-do-covered-cfls-have-a-long-warm-up-time.html"
]
] | |
35njb4 | Are there any theories as to how Spartacus became a Slave then a gladiator? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/35njb4/are_there_any_theories_as_to_how_spartacus_became/ | {
"a_id": [
"cr641zi",
"cr64iop"
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"score": [
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3
],
"text": [
"We know almost nothing about Spartacus before his revolt.\n\nPlutarch's Crassus:\n > The first of these was Spartacus, a Thracian of Nomadic stock, possessed not only of great courage and strength, but also in sagacity and c... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=App.+BC+1.14&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0231"
],
[]
] | ||
23q1qy | how to solve inequalities in algebra. | Could someone explain to me the procedure for solving inequalities?
Here's a sample problem:
640 - x > 2x + 40 | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/23q1qy/eli5_how_to_solve_inequalities_in_algebra/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgzfzj6",
"cgzfzmc"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"640 - x > 2x + 40 \n\n600 > 3x \n\n200 > x \n\nSimply add and subtract like terms. ",
"Start by rearranging like you would accross an \"=\"\n\n640-40 > 2x + x\n\nSimplify:\n\n600 > 3x\n\nReduce\n\n200 > x\n\... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1s5o6t | What is the source of animosity between Christians and Catholics specifically in Korea? | Being raised Catholic, I was been pretty ignorant growing up of the problems raised during the Reformation. In the USA the majority of my friends were different religions, and maybe its just American culture of respecting others' religions, but I never got into many arguments about religions except when I was very inse... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1s5o6t/what_is_the_source_of_animosity_between/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdu6b5k",
"cdu8q79"
],
"score": [
11,
3
],
"text": [
"Since when are Catholics not considered Christians? I'm particularly surprised that OP as a Catholic doesn't include himself with the Christians...",
"Well at first Portugese Jesuit missionaries were quite proactive in ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
199y0t | How precise are geologic maps? | I know we can create accurate, high resolution representations of surface features using remote sensing tools. But how accurate are geological maps? What "resolution" are they in (if that is the correct term in this case)?
When it comes to overhead (length*width) representations of geologic features, how do geologist ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/199y0t/how_precise_are_geologic_maps/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8m6fyp",
"c8m6ksq"
],
"score": [
4,
3
],
"text": [
"As a geologist, I'll take a stab at this question. \n\nThe resolution *can be* very very high in certain circumstances (e.g. water table level determination by soundings to determine a 3-d map within maybe a couple meters?)... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.papgrocks.org/lash_p.pdf"
],
[]
] | |
7znz9q | How did hunting come to be such an important part of medieval aristocratic life? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7znz9q/how_did_hunting_come_to_be_such_an_important_part/ | {
"a_id": [
"dupj5vv"
],
"score": [
22
],
"text": [
"For your average medieval person living in an area that logistically allowed for it, hunting game (even in the form of poaching) was a way to get by. It was a way to supplement your regular diet, and if you did it right it was free. (If you did ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.themorgan.org/collection/livre-de-la-chasse/29#"
]
] | ||
tffv1 | Can the human nervous system detect the signal spike associated with an incoming cell phone call? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/tffv1/can_the_human_nervous_system_detect_the_signal/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4m69id",
"c4mcmc4"
],
"score": [
5,
5
],
"text": [
"Im also curious about this. I've always assumed this feeling is a product of the hindsight bias; we probably get that 'feeling' a call is about to come much more often than there is actually a call, but assign more weight to... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
7t1c7s | how does one prove that data (such as text messages) recovered forensically is actually the data it is purported to be? | Specifically, when data is "recovered" forensically (which I understand) how does an individual (or group) present that data to someone and remove any doubt that the "data" wasn't just planted, made up, or otherwise fabricated to serve whatever purpose they need it to serve? What mechanism is in place to say, for examp... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7t1c7s/eli5_how_does_one_prove_that_data_such_as_text/ | {
"a_id": [
"dt9450q",
"dt94t85"
],
"score": [
6,
4
],
"text": [
"Like all evidence, any recovered electronics would follow a chain of custody - a legal document which records the sequence of custody of the piece of evidence. So long as the chain of custody is intact and the people on the... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1cbmo9 | Why was the American Intervention in Vietnam such a failure in comparison to British Anti-Communist action in Malaya? | In both wars the "Western Powers" found themselves up against a Communist insurgency, hidden out in the jungles, drawing on peasant support, etc, etc. Why is it then that the British action in Malaya was so successful (relatively) at "suppressing" the insurgency while in Vietnam the situation evolved till the point it ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1cbmo9/why_was_the_american_intervention_in_vietnam_such/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9exxre",
"c9ey30p"
],
"score": [
8,
21
],
"text": [
"Two very different conflicts.\n\nIn Malaya, the Commonwealth forces were facing the MRLA (Malayan Races Liberation Army), the insurgent arm of the Malayan Communist party. It was a guerilla force and not one with a safe are... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
nb5yv | Why don't astronauts die from Radiation after a trip to space? (Going to the moon/mars/spacestation) | Hi.
Very basic question. I was under the impression that there is extreme radiation outside of the earths atmosphere because of the sun. (Thinking solar flares? and/or maybe _URL_0_)
My question is, during our trips to the moon / trips to the space station / and future trips to Mars, how come astronauts are not d... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/nb5yv/why_dont_astronauts_die_from_radiation_after_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"c37p5yh",
"c37qdce",
"c37p5yh",
"c37qdce"
],
"score": [
4,
3,
4,
3
],
"text": [
"They do experience the effects of radiation, it just isn't normally intense enough to kill them. For example, many (most?) of the Apollo astronauts have cataracts. NASA was always ... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMB"
] | [
[
"http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12045&page=49",
"http://www.nature.com/embor/journal/v4/n11/full/embor7400016.html"
],
[
"http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/factsheets/pdfs/radiation.pdf"
],
[
"http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12045&page=49",
"http://www.... |
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