q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
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values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
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2v4zxo | Why do quasars emit so much light? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2v4zxo/why_do_quasars_emit_so_much_light/ | {
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"Essentially, because there is a lot of material falling into the black hole. When things fall down a gravity well, they lose gravitational potential energy. Drop something off a cliff, and gravitational energy gets transformed into kinetic energy... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_disc"
]
] | ||
4970ho | why is it that "time flies when you're having fun"? | Why is it that we experience time going faster while other times it feels so slow? What are some psychologist / neuroscientist explanations of our perception of time?
I would also appreciate paper recommendations so I can read more about it.
Thank you!
| explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4970ho/eli5_why_is_it_that_time_flies_when_youre_having/ | {
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"text": [
"I think because you focus much harder on the task at hand you stop thinking about the time so much.",
"The psychology term you are looking for is [flow](_URL_0_\n \nWhen you are engaged in something and our attendion is... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_(psychology)"
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ci65v2 | what are the grey areas that we can see in the moon from down here? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ci65v2/eli5_what_are_the_grey_areas_that_we_can_see_in/ | {
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"text": [
"They're called mares. It means \"sea,\" but these are actually more like patches of the surface that had melted and re-hardened in the distant past.",
"They're called maria. They're large, flat basaltic lava planes from ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
5uezov | since blue whales have aortas large enough to swim in, do they have fewer issues with blood clots? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5uezov/eli5_since_blue_whales_have_aortas_large_enough/ | {
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"text": [
"Or do they just have man-sized blood clots?",
"considering they have an extremely active lifestyle (swimming constantly all the time) and a relatively low cholesterol diet (m... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
c8j7cp | When heating something to high temperatures it becomes “red hot” and then continues to change color to orange, yellow, and then white; why doesn’t the hot object start to glow green or blue after yellow? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/c8j7cp/when_heating_something_to_high_temperatures_it/ | {
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"text": [
"The \"red hot\" appearance of an object is due to its thermal radiation. This is EM radiation emitted by every object and the spectrum of which is determine... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/coltemp.html",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien%27s_displacement_law"
],
[],
[],
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154xvd | why does fabric (temporally) change colour when it gets wet? | My backpack got wet this afternoon by some rain and the wet spots become a lot darker. I couldn't really tell why, though. Anyone who can explain this? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/154xvd/eli5_why_does_fabric_temporally_change_colour/ | {
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"First of all, you have to look at how colour works. When light hits something, most of the light is absorbed by whatever is there, in your case, the backpack. What you see is only the light that isn't a... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/search?q=wet+darker&restrict_sr=on&sort=relevance&t=all"
]
] | |
407qel | what will happen if a republican president is elected in 2016 and signs the obamacare repeal bill? | Could the Affordable Care Act actually be repealed? What would happen? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/407qel/eli5_what_will_happen_if_a_republican_president/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Yes, it could be repealed, and what would happen depends on what exactly is in the bill repealing it.\n\nWhile the Affordable Care Act is one discrete public law, it is codified by inserting provisions into various titles and sections of the U.... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel",
"healthcare.gov"
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] | |
3e6jks | why there is no radio function in iphones (not sure about androids) radio was avaliable in almost all old phones | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3e6jks/eli5why_there_is_no_radio_function_in_iphones_not/ | {
"a_id": [
"ctby0sm"
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Because you need to add yet another chip which can receive the right wavelength, which adds complexity, costs, and takes away space for things you'd rather put in."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
8wp994 | Did any Native American civilization possibly know that there was land and people beyond the Americas? Did they have any mythological tales about the rest of the world? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8wp994/did_any_native_american_civilization_possibly/ | {
"a_id": [
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],
"score": [
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"text": [
"I think, from my understanding, you are asking about concepts of aboriginal knowledge- this is \" including traditional teachings, empirical observation, and revelation\" (1). I caution that I have only an amateur background in the histories, bu... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
9mtitf | why are australia's vast empty planes simply not covered in solar panels to help with their power productions crisis? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9mtitf/eli5_why_are_australias_vast_empty_planes_simply/ | {
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"text": [
"The same reason they're not spinning up new gas plants - Money and maintenance. It's not like you just stick solar panels out in the middle of a dusty wasteland and that's that. They need to be cont... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
7j0dnk | why is it recommended to cook with cold water instead of hot water? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7j0dnk/eli5why_is_it_recommended_to_cook_with_cold_water/ | {
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"text": [
"There are 2 reasons, that I know of, \n\n1. Hot water can leach minerals and metals out of pipes/ lining of the hot water heater affecting taste/ heavy metals are no fun.\n\n2. If a hot water heater doe... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/39nfrs/eli5_why_do_packages_often_say_bring_cold_water/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/NoStupidQuestions/comments/4bg2du/when_cooking_why_do_we_not_boil_hot_water_from/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ha2pj/eli5_when... | ||
1ae3eu | What properties make an object heat faster in a microwave? | I have noticed that different plate materials will have very different reactions to being microwaved, as will different types of food. What properties make an object heat faster or slower in a microwave? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ae3eu/what_properties_make_an_object_heat_faster_in_a/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"You are observing the dielectric properties of the various materials. Some materials like dry ice are transparent to microwaves and will not heat up in a microwave because it has low dielectric loss. Some ceramic plates and bowls have higher diel... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3zjfk3 | How much of Real Madrid's early success was because of Francisco Franco? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3zjfk3/how_much_of_real_madrids_early_success_was/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Hi, just a note that this sub isn't always the deepest in sports historians, so if you don't get answers here - or even if you do - consider x-posting this to /r/realmadrid, /r/soccer, or /r/football",
"Sid Lowe's book '... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
44x4gb | how is it possible that we encounter plateaus when losing weight even if we continue to operate at a caloric deficit? | I know plateaus don't last forever I'm just wondering how this happens. What causes a temporary "stall" | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/44x4gb/eli5_how_is_it_possible_that_we_encounter/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"There are a lot of possible explanations. One big thing to keep in mind is water weight.\n\nWhat are the physical things that make up your weight? Bones... Fat... Muscles... Organ tissues........ and Water! You're actually m... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3xzax9 | How does our body keep track of time? And how might this effect space travel? | Ageing is a bio-chemical process which seems to be unidirectional. How does our body keep track of time? I know that we have an internal clock...but is it synchronized to something external like the sun, or is it something internal like a quartz crystal in a watch?
How will this effect our ageing process in space...esp... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3xzax9/how_does_our_body_keep_track_of_time_and_how/ | {
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113,
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"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/284/5423/2177.short",
"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/148/3676/1427.short",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrainment_%28chronobiology%29",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhyth... | |
2kp9m9 | How does graphite bind to paper, and how does an eraser remove it? | When you write on paper with a pencil, does it chemically bind to the paper. how does an eraser remove the marks without changing the paper. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2kp9m9/how_does_graphite_bind_to_paper_and_how_does_an/ | {
"a_id": [
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3
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"text": [
"[So this is what paper looks like close up](_URL_0_)\n\n[This is what graphite might look like close up](_URL_1_)\n\nWhen you write, the graphite becomes all dusty and lands on the paper, and into the holes of the paper and ... | [] | [] | [
[
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"http://www.canadacarbon.com/images/miller_sem07.jpg"
],
[
"http://batteryblog.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/graphite.gif"
]
] | |
3ovsqp | Royal chefs in Middle Ages | Were important cooks for the court always men? Were there female hear cooks in charge of royal feasts, etc? I understand there was some superstition about women on ships, so that explains male cooks in one context. But in other important roles, what was the gender breakdown on professional cooking? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3ovsqp/royal_chefs_in_middle_ages/ | {
"a_id": [
"cw0y5d6"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"The first German language cookbook was written by a woman named Sabina Welserin in 1553 (you can read it [here](_URL_0_)). Not much is known about her life but she mentioned in one recipe that the cook for Count of Leuchtenberg instructed her to ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Cookbooks/Sabrina_Welserin.html"
]
] | |
2c1k27 | why would human poop be white? | When I joined the Navy, eating a drastically different diet gave my bowel movements a variety of strange colors, most notably green. That, I learned, was due to increased iron content. On occasion, though, I've had poops that were pure white. What causes this? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2c1k27/eli5_why_would_human_poop_be_white/ | {
"a_id": [
"cjazjek"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"White stool is not normal and should be evaluated promptly by a doctor. White stool is caused by a lack of bile, which may indicate a serious underlying problem.\n\nBile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. St... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
fik4y3 | what is actually in contraband (cheap) cigarettes and why are they so cheap and illegal? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fik4y3/eli5_what_is_actually_in_contraband_cheap/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Because some states like New York tax cigarettes heavily. Contraband cigarettes are purchased out of state to avoid the taxes and sold at a discounted rate."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
5l3lf2 | Winston Churchill often spoke about his "little black dog" (i.e. depression) that constantly followed him around. Did any Nazi leaders suffer from depression or other clinical mental disorders? | Looking into it, seems like a few Allied leaders were being treated for mental health, Churchill being the most famous. But I never hear about that on the Axis side. Did any German/Japanese/Italian politicians or generals suffer from mental illness? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5l3lf2/winston_churchill_often_spoke_about_his_little/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Suicidal tendencies were a sufficient problem in the SS that Himmler made a point of saying that funerals shouldn't be given for officers who committed it for \"trivial\" reasons. Between July and September of 1942, 30 members of the SS committ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://books.google.com/books?id=oysUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA61&dq=SS+Officers+depression+suicide&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiNkPTNppzRAhUH3IMKHdrjAR0Q6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=SS%20Officers%20depression%20suicide&f=false"
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32nv6x | If I unraveled the DNA in a human cell, how strong would it be? | Could I make a rope from it? What would it look like if I gathered enough to make a visible length of it? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/32nv6x/if_i_unraveled_the_dna_in_a_human_cell_how_strong/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"What you're looking for is the tensile strength of DNA compared to the tensile strength of something like, say, nylon. It takes about 1 nN to break a strand of DNA, which at around 2nm wide and roughly circular, gives you a tensile strength of a... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
nusvn | why everyone seems to hate /r/politics. | I mean, often times in other subreddits when /r/politics comes up it's talked about with distaste. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/nusvn/eli5_why_everyone_seems_to_hate_rpolitics/ | {
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5eimdc | during the cold war, how did the united states (and by extent, the soviet union) know that a nuclear missile was fired at thier respective country early enough so that they could deploy countermeasures? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5eimdc/eli5during_the_cold_war_how_did_the_united_states/ | {
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"Both countries deployed radar stations and other surveillance set ups around each other, looking for the distinctive sounds or signature... | [] | [] | [
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System"
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69mjxt | Do rainbows also have sections in the infrared and/or ultraviolet spectrum? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/69mjxt/do_rainbows_also_have_sections_in_the_infrared/ | {
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"text": [
"Yes, definitely! You can easily see that in [this series of images](_URL_0_) taken in the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared (IR) parts of the sp... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://i.imgur.com/NZjWfWT.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/tcLYm5o.png",
"http://i.imgur.com/KbIrTzA.png"
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2nos65 | how can we identify different instruments playing at the same time if it is the same air that is vibrating? | I mean that if 2 instruments are palying at the same time, they are all sending vibrations to the air... doesn't this make a unique sound or unique vibration? If so.. how can we identify the different instruments playing? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2nos65/eli5how_can_we_identify_different_instruments/ | {
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"The amazing human brain... | [] | [] | [
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2x3vbn | what is the reasoning behind above-ground power lines? germany buries them, mostly, but the usa keeps them exposed to the elements. | They're unsightly, and result in power outages during storms if above the ground. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2x3vbn/eli5_what_is_the_reasoning_behind_aboveground/ | {
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"A few factors:\n\n1. It's cheaper initially, even if it has significant costs due to more damage.\n2. When a part of a 10 mile power line breaks, the power company has no idea where it happened. They ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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eukkeu | how do free mobile games make money when all the ads in the game are from other free mobile games? | Is it just a closed loop of game companies paying eachother or are they getting money from somewhere else? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/eukkeu/eli5_how_do_free_mobile_games_make_money_when_all/ | {
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"https://betterexplained.com/articles/understanding-the-pareto-principle-the-8020-rule/"
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"https://www.cyberpunks.com/small-app-developer/"
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ks1r6 | how do man-made canals work? like the suez, erie, panama canal? | How are they built? their purpose? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ks1r6/eli5_how_do_manmade_canals_work_like_the_suez/ | {
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5
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"text": [
"Their purpose is to move boats between places that don't directly connect. This saves a lot of money on shipping things, because then you don't have to steer your boat all the way around Africa or South America if you're shi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3tjvgf | why are electoral votes all or nothing(for the most part)? why are they not divvied out representative to popular vote? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3tjvgf/eli5_why_are_electoral_votes_all_or_nothingfor/ | {
"a_id": [
"cx6rgb3"
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"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Because each state chooses to use all of its electoral votes to elect the person the majority of the electorate in that state voted for. Each state chooses to not divvy up its electoral vote."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3n2we6 | Why is the strong force repulsive at small distances? | I'm an A-level student so don't throw too much maths at me but the other day my physics teacher said that at very close proximities the strong force acted to repel particles instead of attract them. Why? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3n2we6/why_is_the_strong_force_repulsive_at_small/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvkpu8c"
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"text": [
"My favourite [link](_URL_0_) for \"why\" questions, especially of this nature.\n\nAlso the Strong force itself isn't repulsive over short distances, just an effective description of it for use between nucleons is."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjmtJpzoW0o"
]
] | |
478d9y | What are your favorite historical books about great empires and/or historical figures. | I want to learn more about world history but don't know where to start. I'm guessing that great empires and individuals are a good place. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/478d9y/what_are_your_favorite_historical_books_about/ | {
"a_id": [
"d0bi09w"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Caesar: Life of a Colossus\nAdrian Goldsworthy\n\nFantastic well researched life of quite possibly the worlds most interesting man that is a great approachable read.\n\nAmerican Ceasar\nWilliam Manchester\nSometimes a bit heavy but riveting all t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1tvxzq | What did pre-Columbian indigenous nations do with the dead bodies of people who they fought? Did they just leave them on the field? | Say the Aztecs and the Tlaxcalans fought a skirmish, leading to a total rout of the Aztec forces. What would the Tlaxcalans have done with the bodies? Would they have looted them and returned home? Buried them as honored rivals? Parade their heads on sticks as they marched around town? What was the protocol here for fa... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1tvxzq/what_did_precolumbian_indigenous_nations_do_with/ | {
"a_id": [
"cec781k"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"I can't speak to the specifics of Aztec battles, but the huge diversity of pre-Columbian nations over thousands of years and across two continents gave rise to a variety of methods of treating fallen combatants. There will be as many answers to ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4gv5a4 | why do we get random bouts of euphoria? | Why do people get random bouts of happiness through out the day even though we may be having a terrible day? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4gv5a4/eli5_why_do_we_get_random_bouts_of_euphoria/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Well, there are a couple of reasons. Number one, when we lower our expectations for something, we are usually pleasantly surprised with the outcome. An example of this is a rainy day. On rainy days, we wake up and go, \"Look... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3jit73 | why does ssds have a specific number of reads/writes. | As the title goes.
Thanks for any kind answer. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3jit73/eli5why_does_ssds_have_a_specific_number_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"cupkvvp",
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"score": [
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8,
3
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"text": [
"The way my boss describes it is like this:\n\nWhen you write to a cell, you're basically shooting it with a shotgun (electrons). This makes it return a different signal when you apply power (to read it... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
322sd2 | Why do so many aerosol products use things like propane and butane as propellants? Why not air or nitrogen? | Title pretty much says it all. Why would they use something so flammable? Is there some reason to not use compressed air? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/322sd2/why_do_so_many_aerosol_products_use_things_like/ | {
"a_id": [
"cq7e2t7"
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"text": [
"Propane and butane are liquids when compressed. This allows a lot of the gas to be stored in a small space. Normal compressed air is still a gas, and has to be compressed at much higher pressures to even approach the compact storage of the usual... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7x9iye | In WWII, did anyone become an ace as either a pilot or gunner of a bomber? | What about in WWI? I'm also curious about gunners in 2 seat fighters. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7x9iye/in_wwii_did_anyone_become_an_ace_as_either_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"du6qwg5"
],
"score": [
3
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"text": [
"There are certainly gunners credited with five or more kills. Albert E. Conder's *The Men Behind The Guns: The History of Enlisted Aerial Gunnery 1917 - 1991* has a section, \"Some of the Aces\"; Conder says \"The thousands of enemy fighters down... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7t2j3j/how_effective_were_aft_cockpit_gun_turrets_in_ww2/",
"http://www.mightyeighth.org/blog-post-4/",
"http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/6726347.stm",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7sjan2/b17_gunners/",
"http://... | |
3mka2j | why should i bother getting married? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3mka2j/eli5_why_should_i_bother_getting_married/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvfnusy",
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"score": [
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3
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"text": [
"Do you live in some religious autocracy where that carries the death penalty? If not probably nothing stops you.",
"From a secular point of view, a marriage is a contract between (usually two) people. They agree to pool... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
80nfb1 | how do mesh networks maintain speed? | If I use range extenders the speed of the extender is cut in half to extend, unless I connect wired. How does a mesh network do the same thing without losing speed? or does it? I have an apple airport extreme and if I extend with airport express the speed is in half. what am I missing? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/80nfb1/eli5_how_do_mesh_networks_maintain_speed/ | {
"a_id": [
"dux56tx"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Any wireless mesh network will lose speed each hop because of the overhead. Even wired networks you will lose some speed each hop but it is not near as noticeable because there is much less overhead in wired communication. Basically each wireless... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1s2i36 | why do i see product placement at big events in the form of only the name of a brand? | At the rare moments I watch soccer on TV, I always asked myself the the point of certain adds at the side of the field. I see for example 'Sony', but I don't understand how this motivates me to buy Sony products. Just seems like wasted money to place that add there. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1s2i36/eli5_why_do_i_see_product_placement_at_big_events/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdt99ce"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"When you go to buy, say, a TV, you might see a Sony and a Magnavox. If you see Sony's name over and over again, you'll be more familiar with the brand name and think it more reputable."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1icu4a | What was the power relationship between USSR "spy agencies" and the Communist Party up until the fall of the Soviet Union? | There have been many conspiracy theories about who controlled who and what role did the KGB play in the fall of the Soviet Union, but what do we KNOW about their power relationship? Were there ever serious incidents? Blackmail? Did the KGB choose who rose in party ranks?
And by "spy agencies" I mean both domestic and ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1icu4a/what_was_the_power_relationship_between_ussr_spy/ | {
"a_id": [
"cb4q02d"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"First off, it's important to remember that the KGB didn't exist until the 1950s. The Cheka, OGPU and NKVD all came before. After NKVD director Lavrenty Beria fell in 1953, intelligence gathering was done by more than one agency, though KGB certa... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
16psa0 | Could a large object come close enough to Earth to cause people to temporarily float without knocking the planet out of orbit? | I suppose I know how to compute (using Newton's law of universal gravitation) how massive an object would need to be to be, say, x miles from Earth and cancel out the effects of Earth's gravitational pull (on at least one side of the planet). It does not seem like such an object would be able to pull the Earth out of i... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/16psa0/could_a_large_object_come_close_enough_to_earth/ | {
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3,
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],
"text": [
"For that to happen, the surface gravity of the object would have to be greater than the surface gravity of Earth. Such as object, presumably made of some sort of rocky material, would have to be of comp... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://janus.astro.umd.edu/cgi-bin/orbits/rstar.pl"
]
] | |
1qozzs | What was happening along the rest of the eastern front during the Battle of Berlin? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1qozzs/what_was_happening_along_the_rest_of_the_eastern/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"On the Balkans, the Croatians and Heeresgruppe F were retreating under the combined pressure of Titos (by now regular) army, the Soviets and elements of the Bulgarian army. They were mostly attempting to make contact with the British in western ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
j2pag | can someone explain to me what a tax bracket is? | I hear the term all the time in money speak but idk what the hell it is, help me out reddit? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/j2pag/can_someone_explain_to_me_what_a_tax_bracket_is/ | {
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"text": [
"When declaring your income while doing your taxes, a \"Tax Bracket\" helps the government know which % of tax you owe based off of said ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
iu41x | Why is there so little known about seizures? | Two of my family members have varying degrees of Epilepsy. Both are healthy, no drug use, no brain trauma, but both of debilitating seizures.
There are no answers or cures. Doctor's cannot even tell us why it happens.
What makes seizures so elusive and hard to understand? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/iu41x/why_is_there_so_little_known_about_seizures/ | {
"a_id": [
"c26nqdy"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I think we know more about seizures than you'd think, and are learning more and more with the advancement of technology. It's just that this information isn't yet to the point where it is truly helpful to doctors.\n\n > Doctor's cannot even tell... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
f28oya | how does billing work for toll roads? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f28oya/eli5_how_does_billing_work_for_toll_roads/ | {
"a_id": [
"fhaxksn",
"fhaxz9b"
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Will be helpful to list the specific system you are talking about \n\nIn many cases in the US, tolls may be assessed on certain entry/exit points and certain points along the road.",
"In Massachusetts we have gantry open... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2gpcqo | You're in a medieval European city and you need to find yourself a place to call home. Who do you talk to? A medieval realtor? | How did people acquire housing in medieval cities? Were there analogues to modern-day real estate agents, or would you just have to ask around seeing if anyone had a room to rent, or a house/estate they wanted to sell? Or would you have to find unoccupied, unclaimed land and build your house yourself?
I know that peop... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2gpcqo/youre_in_a_medieval_european_city_and_you_need_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckld4cu"
],
"score": [
52
],
"text": [
"Obligatory \"medieval Europe can mean a lot of different times and a lot of different places.\" You should probably make your question a little more specific."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2m3jxq | why does it hardly rain in southern california, despite being adjacent to the pacific ocean? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2m3jxq/eli5_why_does_it_hardly_rain_in_southern/ | {
"a_id": [
"cm0p5gh"
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"score": [
2
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"text": [
"Proximity to an ocean is only one of the factors when determining rainfall. There's lost of deserts in the world that are ocean adjacent. \n\nThe overall weather patterns play a much more significant role. So air currents, ocean temperature, as... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
yvjn1 | Mom says you will catch a cold if you go out in the cold weather or rain without a coat. Do these actually contribute to getting you sick? And how? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/yvjn1/mom_says_you_will_catch_a_cold_if_you_go_out_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5z6q6g",
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"score": [
5,
8
],
"text": [
"No, the temperature outside will not cause a viral illness (catching a \"cold\").",
"The 'common cold' is usually caused by a rhinovirus. Cold temperature itself does not cause illness. [However, temperature effects ma... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17705968"
]
] | ||
qixcl | Instead of a space elevator, how (un) feasible would a railgun /coilgun be to shoot things into orbit? | I realize that aerodynamic drag is a huge issue for any reasonably sized payload. I/m envisioning enclosing the payload in a ferrous shell which will separate outside of the atmosphere.
I know such an endeavor would have limited returns, but it may tide us over until a space elevator can be completed; and it wouldn't... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/qixcl/instead_of_a_space_elevator_how_un_feasible_would/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
3,
5,
3
],
"text": [
"The basic problem is that the initial speed for shooting something out of orbit is astronomically high. Even ignoring drag the escape velocity of Earth is 11.2km/s. According to [stackexchange](_URL_0_)... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/2317/including-air-resistance-what-is-the-escape-velocity-from-earth"
],
[
"http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=%28velocity+ISS+-+1000+mph%29^2%2F%282*1+mi%29+"
],
[]
] | |
13scsp | Hypothetically, if someone with a cold ate ice cream out of a tub of ice cream and then the rest of that ice cream tub was put back into the freezer, would all the cold germs "freeze to death" making it safe for someone else to eat that ice cream? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/13scsp/hypothetically_if_someone_with_a_cold_ate_ice/ | {
"a_id": [
"c76qlkd"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Bacteria are not going to \"freeze to death\", they are frozen at much lower temperatures on a normal basis (a normal lab freezer is set to -20C). Ice formation in the bacterial cells can lead to them \"freezing to death\", but this is unlikely i... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
7mx6gy | how does an iud work? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7mx6gy/eli5_how_does_an_iud_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"drxe55u",
"drxl3f9",
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"score": [
7,
8,
3
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"text": [
"There's two basic versions of a an iud; one uses hormones while the other does not. \n\nThe non-hormonal one simply makes the uterus a non hospitable environment for the zygote, even if the egg gets fer... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/571lr6/eli5_how_do_hormonal_iuds_release_a_reliable/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6r03p7/eli5_how_do_nonhormonal_iuds_work/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1myznk/how_does_a_copper_iud_work_para... | ||
3hc45c | When I take medicine that supresses symptoms, do I prolong the sickness? | For example: If I have the flu and I take Dayquil or the related "medicine" does this pro-long the length of time I have the illness because I'm masking the symptoms or its it masking the symptoms which allow my body to heal during that time speeding it up. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3hc45c/when_i_take_medicine_that_supresses_symptoms_do_i/ | {
"a_id": [
"cu63o39",
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"cu74poi"
],
"score": [
31,
225,
12,
3,
3,
2,
5,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"[Here](_URL_0_) is a study that suggest that the flu could be prol... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11130213?access_num=11130213&link_type=MED&dopt=Abstract"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_effect"
],
[],
[]
] | |
1om37o | if what we see and hear has happened in the past does that mean that time outside our sphere of awareness is moving faster? | I read [this article](_URL_0_) about how what we see right now actually happened about 80 milliseconds ago because that is about how long it takes the brain to process the information. So does that mean that time outside of our sphere of awareness is actually moving faster or that we are moving slower? Or do I just com... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1om37o/eli5_if_what_we_see_and_hear_has_happened_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cct9wsg",
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],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"It's all \"going at the same speed\", so to speak. The brain just takes a fraction of a second to 'boot up', and so it is starting out on the back foot.\n\nA bit like... if you have two identical marathon runners in a race, ... | [] | [
"http://www.salk.edu/news/pressrelease_details.php?press_id=31"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
35lviz | Is there any evidence to suggest that the Coliseum was flooded for sport? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/35lviz/is_there_any_evidence_to_suggest_that_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cr5nwgm",
"cr5ooec"
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"score": [
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5
],
"text": [
"Seutonius passes over it quickly in his *Life of Nero*:\n > But he compelled four hundred senators and six hundred Roman knights, some of whom were well to do and of unblemished reputation, to fight in the arena. Even those ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1jchu2/how_much_would_the_roman_colosseum_cost_if_it/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1n489s/was_there_a_age_limit_to_watch_the_games_in_the/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2o4zew/how_were_the_ancient_romans_abl... | ||
27d2rq | Were there ever any battles that involved artillery units targeting each other? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/27d2rq/were_there_ever_any_battles_that_involved/ | {
"a_id": [
"chznzm7"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"It's a frequent occurrence known as counter-battery fire. It's one of the more basic artillery strategies there is, employed as far back as there's been artillery. I suggest picking up John Norris' *Artillery: A History*. It's a good introductory... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1gcx4e | why does adobe publish so much software for free? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1gcx4e/eli5why_does_adobe_publish_so_much_software_for/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
2,
7,
7,
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],
"text": [
"They dont. Most of Adobe's software is at least a couple hundred bucks. What software (other than reader) are you referring to?",
"By publishing so much free software, they c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2a23lq | if the europe-central map projection used in most places is inaccurate, why isn't a more accurate created and used instead? | Also, what is the most accurate map (according to the scientific community)? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2a23lq/eli5_if_the_europecentral_map_projection_used_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"ciqpwr3",
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"score": [
7,
2
],
"text": [
"Are you talking about the distortion of certain maps, physically? Or are you talking about the fact that it's centered on Europe, and people think it should be centered elsewhere?\n\nIn general, though, there is no \"accurat... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_projection"
]
] | |
4bv9m4 | what is the tech bubble burst that everyone keeps talking about will happen soon? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4bv9m4/eli5_what_is_the_tech_bubble_burst_that_everyone/ | {
"a_id": [
"d1cs9wr"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Tech is part of our daily lives now and it's unlikely that will change any time soon so the demand for tech is comfortably high. But what is happening is the nature of that tech is always changing.\n\nConsumers are opting for tablets and smart ph... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1o3u0p | What was the original motivation, intent, and context of the 14th amendment to the US Constitution, specifically in regards to the public debt? | Section 4 of the 14th amendment says, "The validity of the public debt of the United States .... shall not be questioned." Each time the US Federal "debt ceiling" comes along, the idea of the President invoking the 14th amendment to circumvent it comes up. Leaving the current situation aside, where did this part of the... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1o3u0p/what_was_the_original_motivation_intent_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccookjz"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"The primary motivation for the section was unquestionably to confirm that the U.S. would neither assume nor even recognize the validity of Confederate debt. \n\nThis part of the amendment was not heavily contested, so there is a relative lack of ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=3388791031923623137",
"http://memory.loc.gov/ll/llcg/072/0800/08502768.tif"
]
] | |
w1513 | why do we pronounce the "w" in words like "swore," but not in "sword?" | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/w1513/eli5_why_do_we_pronounce_the_w_in_words_like/ | {
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"score": [
2,
27,
12,
2,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Not sure about those two words specifically, but common English words come from many different langauges, often using the same letters... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/32918/why-is-the-w-silent-in-sword"
],
[
"http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sword#Etymology",
"http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wreck#Etymology",
"http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Swear+in"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
eg0mdx | how can you get pregnant when not taking the pill every day at the same time/missing a day or when leaving the hormonal ring out for more than 3 hours? doesn't hormonal bc have a longer-term effect on women's bodies? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/eg0mdx/eli5_how_can_you_get_pregnant_when_not_taking_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"fc3lvjt",
"fc3mdl3"
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"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"As I understand it (and I'm not an expert or anything close), hormonal birth control stops you from ovulating, and the part that it stops doesn't take very long. If it gets messed up, that little part will happen, then when ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
167oe5 | why is it we find walking outside in 90 degree heat unbearable, yet sitting in a 90 degree sauna is so relaxing? | much obliged. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/167oe5/eli5_why_is_it_we_find_walking_outside_in_90/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7thewr",
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"score": [
8,
4
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"text": [
"Part of it probably has to do with the sun. The temperature isn't really the unbearable part, the burning from the sun is. In a sauna it is dark and moist. Even so I still hate them. ",
"I find saunas insanely stressful!... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2kzsaj | How did the US become solely a British Colony when originally there were so many different colonial powers in the area? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2kzsaj/how_did_the_us_become_solely_a_british_colony/ | {
"a_id": [
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"Remember that the French controlled Louisiana (a territory that does not match the boundaries of the State of Louisiana) until well after the American Revolution. We bought it during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. \n... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | ||
6i7jl3 | Why isn't Juneteenth a national holiday in the United States? | I know this may seem like a very obvious question, but I'm curious about what specific historical contexts and events have resulted in the seemingly limited celebration of Juneteenth to the African-American community in the United States. I am struck that the emancipation of slaves in the United States is not a more wi... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6i7jl3/why_isnt_juneteenth_a_national_holiday_in_the/ | {
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"Juneteenth does not commemorate the actual emancipation of slaves; that happened in January 1863 for the states in rebellion, and with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in Dec. 1865.\n\nJuneteenth celebrates when news of the Emancipat... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/lkj01"
]
] | |
135g5i | the expulsions of the germans in european countries during and after ww2. | What was the ultimate goal of having these germans deported from their countries? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/135g5i/eli5_the_expulsions_of_the_germans_in_european/ | {
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"By the time of the World Wars, German speaking populations existed in many places throughout Europe, including Central Europe and along the Baltic Sea. These maps both show Prussia and other German states [before WWI](_URL_4_) and [before WWII](_... | [] | [] | [
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Deutsches_Reich_1925_b.png",
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:East_Prussia_1923-1939.png",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pru... | |
9uptiz | Why wasn't Augustus one of the "5 good Roman emperors"? | He had a very long stable reign, expanded the empire, "found Rome in brick and left it in marble" etc. And I know that he was a master propagandist and he killed off most of the people that opposed him(but this one was before he became emperor), but he still deserves a spot here in my opinion. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9uptiz/why_wasnt_augustus_one_of_the_5_good_roman/ | {
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"I think the best explanation in this case is the simplest one: the term “5 Good Emperors” refers specifically to the chronological succession of five emperors (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, and Marcus Aurelius) who were lauded for their... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1hscck | How does the fact that heat moves from warmer objects to cooler objects relate to IR emitted from greenhouse gases? | So someone I know is arguing that even though IR associated with CO2 has been observed to increase at earth's surface this shouldn't have an effect on temperature because the earth's surface was the "source" of that heat. Is this a reasonable argument and if not what is wrong with it? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1hscck/how_does_the_fact_that_heat_moves_from_warmer/ | {
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"No, that is a entirely unreasonable argument. \n\nAs an illustration, which do you think would heat up to higher temperatures? An oven with the door open or an oven with the door closed?\n\nIf you consider the surface of the... | [] | [] | [
[],
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3jeee7 | How did Plato's name become root word for non-sexual friendship? Platonic. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3jeee7/how_did_platos_name_become_root_word_for/ | {
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"Mainly because of his dialogue the *Symposium*, which is effectively a prose drama showing several people making speeches about the nature of love/desire. All of the speakers are in agreement that physical desire is the \"lowest\" kind of love, ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_Forms"
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2bprp3 | how do the "double irish" and "double irish w/ dutch sandwich" tax avoidance techniques work? | [Disclaimer]: This isn't exactly a repost. The infographics on the earlier posts of this nature aren't loading properly, and I would appreciate any helpful diagrams with your explanations. Thanks! | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2bprp3/eli5_how_do_the_double_irish_and_double_irish_w/ | {
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"The EU operates a free trade regime such that a state can't attempt to tax an entity based in another country selling to its citizens. In the US context its very similar to the way US states behave, if I live in NY and buy something from a compan... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://static.theglobalmail.org/cache/42/36/4236909b7927edfad707fb72e2d5d013.jpg"
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1ix976 | how do they get water up large skyscrapers | I've always wondered how they get water up massive skyscrapers like in new york or in india, please help!
Edit: Thanks for all the answers and videos! I appreciate having my question answered by a great community! and made my Front page! Thanks again!!! | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ix976/eli5_how_do_they_get_water_up_large_skyscrapers/ | {
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"with pumps! the pressure that is supplied by the water main ava... | [] | [] | [
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"http://www.humansinvent.com/#!/3366/extreme-plumbing-pumping-water-up-the-shard/"
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"http://youtu.be/BickMFHAZR0",
"h... | |
6epw9w | how did media control symbols become standard (play, pause, fast forward, etc.)? do other parts of the world use different symbols? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6epw9w/eli5_how_did_media_control_symbols_become/ | {
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"_URL_0_\n\nThere is actually an international standard for all forms of icons.\nI'm going off of personal knowledge here, so correct me if I'm wrong, but during the 80s when electronics started to beco... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.iso.org/standard/30820.html"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_musical_symbols#Notes_and_rests"
],
[]
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2wkmeo | what does 'all property is theft' mean? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2wkmeo/eli5_what_does_all_property_is_theft_mean/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It is a saying that implies that anything you can own involves the exploitation and/or abuse of someone or something that is not being compensated, and that you can't separate the property itself from it's origins... That yo... | [] | [] | [
[],
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6fwbo1 | why has the global temperature spiked so dramatically in the last 10-20 years even though that's the timespan we've become aware of global warming and started trying to combat it? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6fwbo1/eli5_why_has_the_global_temperature_spiked_so/ | {
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"text": [
"Guess what happened before 20 years ago? Rampant pollution while being oblivious. \"Just exhaust it, planet Earth will pick up the slack and balance out\" was the mentality back ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.snopes.com/1912-article-global-warming/"
]
] | ||
h6fal | How do trees grow in such a way as to not fall over? | How do trees know how to grow branches in such a way as to maintain their balance? I've never heard of a tree falling over because it grew incorrectly. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/h6fal/how_do_trees_grow_in_such_a_way_as_to_not_fall/ | {
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"text": [
"I think it has more to do with the roots than with the branches. If trees had to balance their branches in order to stay upright, they would get blown over all the time.",
"I'm... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
j6md7 | How did the idea of the atom advance beyond a theory? (other questions inside) | Hi /r/askscience,
I'd like to get a better understanding of atoms. How was this idea proposed in the first place, and how did they end up proving it? Was the atomic bomb and nuclear bomb the first instances of being able to smash/slice an atom?
I've also noticed that for many elements they have the same amount of pr... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/j6md7/how_did_the_idea_of_the_atom_advance_beyond_a/ | {
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"Atomic theory came from chemistry, from the realization that there must be little indivi... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2zzH7K7eeE"
],
[],
[],
[],
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"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2zzH7K7eeE"
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5uf2rk | AskScience AMA Series: We're a group of paleontologists here to answer your paleontology questions! Ask us anything! | Hello /r/AskScience! Paleontology is a science that includes evolution, paleoecology, biostratigraphy, taphonomy, and more! We are a group of invertebrate and vertebrate paleontologists who study these topics as they relate to a wide variety of organisms, ranging from trilobites to fossil mammals to birds and crocodile... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5uf2rk/askscience_ama_series_were_a_group_of/ | {
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"d... | [] | [
"www.DrNeurosaurus.com",
"http://www.pasttime.org/",
"http://eps.utk.edu/faculty/sumrall.php"
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"https://blogs.uoregon.edu/gregr/files/2013/07/Beraldi-Campesi-and-Retallack-2016-... | |
9ue6yk | would hiv/aids cancel out leukemia? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9ue6yk/eli5_would_hivaids_cancel_out_leukemia/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Not really, HIV is a virus, AIDS is a deficiency of CD4 white blood cells, and leukemia is a cancer causing elevated abnormal nonfunctioning white blood cells (there are more types than just CD4) \nThat about as ELI5 as I can get, there is alot m... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3ttoqe | Why were the Channel Islands not liberated soon after D-day? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3ttoqe/why_were_the_channel_islands_not_liberated_soon/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"There was a plan to liberate them as early as 1943, called Operation Constellation. Drawn up by Lord Louis Mountbatten, based on aerial reconnaissance.\n\nThe problem was that, as it stood, the Channel Islands weren't actually much of a strategi... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Constellation"
]
] | ||
fdbhvi | how did mining work back in the day? did people just picaxe long tunnels into the rock hoping they’ll find something useful? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fdbhvi/eli5_how_did_mining_work_back_in_the_day_did/ | {
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"text": [
"Yes and no. Depending on what's being mined.\nTypically they'd find a vein and surface level evidence. (Think of gold washed down a creek, it comes from a vein somewhere)",
"... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B8ros"
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"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Schlaegel_und_Eisen_nach_DIN_21800.svg/800px-Schlaegel_und_Eisen_nach_DIN_21800.svg.png"
]
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4ajoum | how does someone go from being christian to jewish and vice-versa? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4ajoum/eli5_how_does_someone_go_from_being_christian_to/ | {
"a_id": [
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"It really depends on the sect of either faith. I'm not an expert on Judaism so I won't comment there.\n\nTo become Christian you have to either (depends on the group):\n\n* Accept Jesus Christ as your Lord and Personal Savio... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
44q1tm | Can you recommend any sources (book or journal articles) that summarize issues related to Oral Tradition? | I'm researching John Rolfe, Thomas Rolfe and Pocahontas and I'm trying to evaluate Native American accounts and reconcile them with the standard historical accounts. I'm out of my depth re. the issues surrounding Oral Tradition. This is not homework, and I'm a teacher. Just trying to understand the issues better. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/44q1tm/can_you_recommend_any_sources_book_or_journal/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
3,
3,
2
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"text": [
"All sources - every bit of evidence about the past - requires source criticism to evaluate what flaws have insinuated themselves into the weave of information presented. The difference between a written... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.amazon.com/Powhatan-Foreign-Relations-1500-1722-Rountree/dp/0813914094"
],
[
"https://twitter.com/julian_thompson/status/697607494307332096"
]
] | |
atk6l6 | why is feet bone structure much more complex and composed of so many bones, while hands are much more simple? | Wouldn’t make sense for hands to be more complex than the foot due to the fact that hands are the much more used than feet are? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/atk6l6/eli5_why_is_feet_bone_structure_much_more_complex/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"There are 27 bones in each hand. There are 26 bones in each foot. Can you please explain what you are talking about?",
"What makes you say the structure of a foot is more complex than a hand?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1rte90 | what exactly happens to my body when i get the flu. | I know the symptoms of the flu, I want to know why? I am interested in the reason our body react the way it does (Body aches, Chills, Dizziness, Headache, lethargy, nausea and vomiting, sore-throat, fever, to name a few) I heard before is a way your body has to force you to take it easy and rest so that all your energy... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rte90/eli5_what_exactly_happens_to_my_body_when_i_get/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"For most viruses, all the symptoms are your body's attempt to slow the progression of the virus while it searches for an antibody.\n\nThe virus is taking over cells and reprogramming them to produce more of itself. The only way to actually stop ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
c2tryo | The M60 was the only machine gun authorized by the Army to be used on gun trucks in Vietnam. How did officers react when they saw gun trucks armed with M2s and miniguns? | I just watched a short video about gun trucks in Vietnam on the Smithsonian's youtube channel. In the video they describe why and how gun trucks were built and they claim that the M60 was the only machine gun which soldiers were authorized to install on them.
However, soldiers preferred the M2 or the minigun so they ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/c2tryo/the_m60_was_the_only_machine_gun_authorized_by/ | {
"a_id": [
"erosw8y"
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11
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"text": [
"The officers were the ones leading the development of the Vietnam era gun trucks. Company, Battalion, and Group (Brigade equivalent) level transportation officers in Vietnam were heavily involved in these field modifications, and they also were ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://transportation.army.mil/history/publications/circle-the-wagons.pdf",
"http://www.vietnam-guntrucks.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/2227ConvoyAmbushVol1Proof141.pdf"
]
] | |
2hs5vg | air conditioning | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2hs5vg/eli5air_conditioning/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckvi87n",
"ckvj094"
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"text": [
"[This](_URL_0_) is the basic cycle of the refrigeration cycle. There is a lot of thermodynamics but basically it works on the fact that the liquid inside the air conditioner has a low boiling point and can transfer thermal ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Refrigeration.png"
],
[]
] | ||
17svrl | is there such a thing as a material that is completely impermeable? For example, can some molecules get though a plastic baggy? | my friend works at a museum and she was telling me that some water leaked in the ceiling of the museum so she had to give some of the exhibits a special treatment. She put lots and lots of silica jel in a plastic baggy, and placed it in an exhibit to absorb excess moisture in the air. I was wondering why she didn't ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/17svrl/is_there_such_a_thing_as_a_material_that_is/ | {
"a_id": [
"c88nx91"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Small molecules such as water may diffuse through most plastics, so even an airtight container is \"porous\" on a microscopic level. In any case, unless the bag is perfectly sealed by melting the plastic, chances are that the moisture can diffuse... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4by43y | why is it a mark of quality for a watch to be "swiss-made"? couldn't a swiss company make a crappy watch? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4by43y/eli5_why_is_it_a_mark_of_quality_for_a_watch_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"d1depmu",
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"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Of course - but like much advertising it trades on beliefs and mystique rather than facts.\n\nSwitzerland does produce some truly amazing watches, but it doesn't have a monopoly on it.\n\nNot sure whether they'd bother to pr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
80zclg | Is it possible for an astronomical body to have a molten core, without orbiting a star? | Basically i was wondering if a "planet" could have a molten core (and thereby have a theoretical source of energy) without being bound to a star. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/80zclg/is_it_possible_for_an_astronomical_body_to_have_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"duzgcq5"
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"text": [
"Sure. If a planet forms and then gets ejected from its star system, there's no reason it couldn't have a molten core for a while. The Earth's core isn't molten because of the Sun, it's molten because of residual heat from planet formation plus r... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5jiwxf | if working out is just damaging and repairing muscle tissue, couldnt we just mechanically damage the tissue and recouperate saving time and energy? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5jiwxf/eli5_if_working_out_is_just_damaging_and/ | {
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"score": [
105,
123,
4,
4,
12,
2,
2
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"text": [
"You can actually build muscle with electro stimulation. By putting electrodes on your skin in the right place... | [] | [] | [
[],
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[],
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] | ||
juqgy | Chemistry - A few questions about pH buffers. | I've been trying to work out a suitable buffer for my microbe experiment, which has forced me to try and remember my high school chemistry. I understand the basic principal of how a molecule can act as a conjugate base/acid. I've spent a good hour Googling and discussing this with fellow grad-students in my lab, but ap... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/juqgy/chemistry_a_few_questions_about_ph_buffers/ | {
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2,
3,
2,
3
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"text": [
"Your monobasic phosphate (KH₂PO₄) will dissociate into H₂PO₄^- , while your dibasic phosphate (K₂HPO₄) dissociates into HPO₄^2- . Your mixture will buffer by going in between these... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
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2lcmrg | When fat is burned via exercise, which is burned first: the most recently stored fat or the oldest fat in the body? | Say somebody weighs 200 lbs. If they work out and lose a pound, would this be a pound of fat they very recently consumed (while weighing 199 lbs), or is it fat that has been in the body since they became overweight (at ~170 lbs)?
Or maybe all fat is just burned indiscriminately. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2lcmrg/when_fat_is_burned_via_exercise_which_is_burned/ | {
"a_id": [
"clusub2"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Links, and abstracts to three papers pertinent to the question. Its a bit long, but (I think) very interesting. I have **bolded** a few key statements for those who would just like to skim\n\n_URL_1_\n\"**Fatty acids are the most abundant source ... | [] | [] | [
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"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9740552",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9781322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10919960"
]
] | |
5q092t | how do composers write music? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5q092t/eli5_how_do_composers_write_music/ | {
"a_id": [
"dcvb2pt",
"dcvb5nw",
"dcvdwkp"
],
"score": [
16,
2,
4
],
"text": [
"It's all a grand formula called music theory. With Hans Zimmer and most other composers the steps go kind of like this: find a theme, build a central melody and build around the melody. Finding a theme... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
28sfsi | Did Sherman purposely let the Confederate garrison in Savannah escape? | Did Sherman purposely let the Confederate garrision in Savannah escape? Sherman's army reached the outskirts of Savannah by Dec. 10, 1864, and found it defended by a garrison of 10,000 men commanded by Gen. Hardee. Despite a Confederate attempt to stop him, Sherman managed to make contact with the USN by going around S... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/28sfsi/did_sherman_purposely_let_the_confederate/ | {
"a_id": [
"cie3rz6"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"\"Sherman, along with Federal forces in Hilton Head, could have prevented Hardee's escape. Sherman was aware that the Confederates were building a pontoon bridge to South Carolina, yet upon his departure for Hilton Head Island on December 19, he ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/civil_war_series/12/sec5.htm"
]
] | |
8xwx0x | Are there more planets or more stars? | Is there a way to find out? Is it even close? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8xwx0x/are_there_more_planets_or_more_stars/ | {
"a_id": [
"e26gg86"
],
"score": [
28
],
"text": [
"Based on what the Kepler space telescope has found, there are almost certainly more planets out there than stars.\n\nBefore Kepler it was hypothesized that few enough star systems had planets that there might be more stars than planets, but it t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
a44r4v | if atoms have a positive nucleus with electrons that orbit it, why don’t they collapse into themselves? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a44r4v/eli5_if_atoms_have_a_positive_nucleus_with/ | {
"a_id": [
"ebbmh8z",
"ebbnpfy",
"ebbo5vz",
"ebbo7mg"
],
"score": [
4,
9,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"There are 4 forces in an atom. Strong, weak, gravitational and electromagnetic. It's the electromagnetic force that's responsible for keeping the electron orbit stable. Think of a ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
ax7z5u | Does cold have diminishing returns, e.g. does -40 degrees generally really feel that much colder than zero degrees? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ax7z5u/does_cold_have_diminishing_returns_eg_does_40/ | {
"a_id": [
"ehrvfnx",
"ehrwvvc"
],
"score": [
4,
9
],
"text": [
"Yes, it's hard to explain but the wind chill plays a big part in it too, before the polar vortex in Wisconsin a few weeks ago it was -10 or so with no wind and you could go outside in a sweatshirt. But with the wind a week l... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
g2dfxm | what makes rent so high in some areas for small apartments, and so low in others for relatively large apartments? | I don't understand how rent prices change so drastically based on the area. Does it relate to taxes? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/g2dfxm/eli5_what_makes_rent_so_high_in_some_areas_for/ | {
"a_id": [
"fnkrmtj",
"fnksnrb",
"fnkwdo6"
],
"score": [
6,
4,
3
],
"text": [
"It can be largely based on surrounding areas income but it’s mostly just location. Are you in close proximity to a large employer (like a medical center?), close enough that people wouldn’t *have* to dr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
4uh618 | why do bulbs (that glow white) become green and stays illuminated for a while? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4uh618/eli5_why_do_bulbs_that_glow_white_become_green/ | {
"a_id": [
"d5poxxb"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"I assume you're talking about fluorescent bulbs. They work by having a gas inside which generates intense ultraviolet light when you pass an electric current through it.\n\nThe inside of the glass tubes is coated with phosphor, this is a range o... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
21ln84 | can anyone explain if there is any actual valuable take-away from schrödinger's cat? or just an abstract thought experiment? | I would like to clarify that although my question does infer the question "What is Schrödinger's Cat all about?" my question is **What does the cat do to help explain a unique phenomena we otherwise wouldn't know or understand, and what significance there is to all of it?**
I've read a bunch of documents, even saw the... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/21ln84/eli5_can_anyone_explain_if_there_is_any_actual/ | {
"a_id": [
"cge827r",
"cge86z5",
"cge8dmn"
],
"score": [
2,
2,
7
],
"text": [
"Schrodinger's Cat helps explain the idea of superposition in quantum theory -- superposition being the idea that things can be in many states at once, and it's only once they're observed or measured tha... | [] | [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOYyCHGWJq4"
] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger's_cat"
]
] | |
540bkc | Should the Chinese Emperors' mausoleums be excavated? | Ever since the 60s/70s, the Chinese government has not allowed any of the Emperor mausoleums found to be excavated. This include the tombs of the Ming, Tang and Qin dynasties, including the crown jewel: the mausoleum of the first emperor, due to concerns about preservations and past failures at excavations (such as the... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/540bkc/should_the_chinese_emperors_mausoleums_be/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7y44zv"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"That's a very hard question to answer and honestly - I am\nNot quite sure if I am qualified for it. Especially not for the imperial tombs in china. \n\nWhat I can answer is what happens if things get done too fast, without a clear preservation pl... | [] | [
"http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/articles.php?searchterm=008_qianling.inc&issue=008"
] | [
[
"http://www.hollein.com/var/ezwebin_site/storage/images/projekte/michaelerplatz-archaeologiefeld/350_michaelerplatz_02.jpg/5436-1-ger-DE/350_MICHAELERPLATZ_02.jpg_projectimage.jpg"
]
] |
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