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2qjfxd | At the end of the movie 'The Imitation Game' about Turing and the Enigma code, the claim is made that 'historians' estimate that he shortened the war by around two years and saved roughly 14 million lives. Is this plausible? | I was also wondering whether historians often have the boldness to make a claim like that.
Thanks. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2qjfxd/at_the_end_of_the_movie_the_imitation_game_about/ | {
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"I can't answer to your first question because it is absolutely not my field, but when it comes to the second part, my answer is no. \"If xxxx then xxx\" is not a very wise thing to say when it comes to... | [] | [] | [
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"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2pq5fa/the_imitation_game_ends_with_the_quote_historians/"
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1hc7tm | What is the smallest non-zero displacement that has ever been measured? | In order to elucidate my question a little bit, I'm wondering whether the minimum non-zero distance that a particle can move equal to the limit of 10^(-x) as x- > infinity?
In terms of Zeno's 'Achilles and the Tortoise' paradox, is there a point at which the Tortoise must move some distance that is defined as impossi... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1hc7tm/what_is_the_smallest_nonzero_displacement_that/ | {
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"text": [
"It seems like you're asking whether space is discrete or continuous. The answer to that is a simple \"We don't know.\" At the scales we've measured it *appears* to be continuous,... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://youtu.be/pktWhH6m_DM"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy#Resolution_limits"
],
[
"http://www.ligo-la.caltech.edu/LLO/overviewsci.htm"
]
] | |
4ieino | i have always been told that standing in front of a microwave door would be harmful for me cause of radiation? do microwaves release ionizing radiation? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4ieino/eli5_i_have_always_been_told_that_standing_in/ | {
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"text": [
"Microwaves use gigahertz radio waves. They are not ionizing. They cook the food my heating the water molecules the food.\n\nThe grill in the door acts as a Faraday cage to keep the radio waves from escaping, while allowing... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2ayfyj | how come there are no videos showing the plane hitting the pentagon? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ayfyj/eli5how_come_there_are_no_videos_showing_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"...[here](_URL_0_) is the securtiy video. What else are you looking for?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzFqXbfv_yg"
]
] | ||
23gqwq | If two nuclear bombs were detonated one in a major metropolitan area and the other in a empty desert, would there be a difference in blast radius? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/23gqwq/if_two_nuclear_bombs_were_detonated_one_in_a/ | {
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"text": [
"A blast will travel farther over flat ground than over hilly ground or buildings. The actual extent of the blast would be dependent on a huge number of factors, such as the blast strength, the altitude of detonation, the density of buildings and ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2nwhwz | Are there any know records of Stalin speaking or writing in Georgian after he became the leader of the Soviet Union? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2nwhwz/are_there_any_know_records_of_stalin_speaking_or/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"If there are I could not find any. It is known that he did speak Georgian fluenty, and even wrote poetry. Fairly decent one too. He went to a seminary, where he was one of the top students.\nYou may ask how come there are no records of him speaki... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
ahg9s7 | what is a prenuptial agreement and why is it portrayed in such a negative manner in film and television? | I have seen this prenuptial agreement situation happen in a lot of TV and film and I just don’t understand why the usually male character freaks out when the usually female character presents her partner with a “prenup”. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ahg9s7/eli5_what_is_a_prenuptial_agreement_and_why_is_it/ | {
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"text": [
"I can't really speak for everyone on this issue but from what i understand. If you are entering a marriage with someone, you are doing it with the assumption that they are your partners for life. At le... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
c8ih4h | How does Newton's 3rd Law apply to an object falling in a vacuum? | For every action there's and equal, opposite reaction. If you were to drop an object, the force of gravity will be fought by air resistance in an atmosphere, but, in a vacuum where there is no air, what is the opposite reaction? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/c8ih4h/how_does_newtons_3rd_law_apply_to_an_object/ | {
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"text": [
"Air resistance isn't the reaction force of the gravitational force acting on an object. The reaction force of gravitational force acting on the falling object is the gravitational... | [] | [] | [
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93bh35 | why are rape+homicide rates so high? what motivates someone who is simply out for sexual gratification to rape (and possibly end up murdering the victim) and why is that seen as a better alternative than paying for sex? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/93bh35/eli5_why_are_rapehomicide_rates_so_high_what/ | {
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"Ive studied violent crime in grad school a bit. It’s not as simple as looking for sexual gratification. In fact the sex is secondary for... | [] | [] | [
[],
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[],
[],
[],
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"https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2015/crime-in-the-u.s.-2015/resource-pages/crime-clock"
]
] | ||
boin2b | Could solar flares realistically disable all electronics on earth? | So I’ve read about solar flares and how they could be especially damaging to today’s world, since everyday services depend on the technology we use and it has the potential to disrupt all kinds of electronics.
How can a solar flare disrupt electronic appliances? Is it potentially dangerous to humans (eg. cancer)? And c... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/boin2b/could_solar_flares_realistically_disable_all/ | {
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2397,
... | [] | [] | [
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"https://www.sciencealert.com/here-s-what-would-happen-if-solar-storm-wiped-out-technology-geomagnetic-carrington-event-coronal-mass-ejection",
"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pa... | |
1og4le | Did the ancient Mesopotamians look like current day Iraqis? Or do we not know how they looked like? | Also how much of ancient mesopotamian culture is present in Arab culture.
Thank you. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1og4le/did_the_ancient_mesopotamians_look_like_current/ | {
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"text": [
"Rooms Seven and Eight of the British Museum contain Assyrian artwork from Nineveh and Nimrud. These large stone bas-reliefs show various Assyrian kings, with their long curled hair and curled b... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeogenetics_of_the_Near_East#Iraq-Mesopotamia"
]
] | |
281i2t | in the uk, what happens to the state and government during the 17 days before an election when parliament is dissolved? | from Wikipedia:
> Members of Parliament cease to be so, as soon as it is dissolved, and, although they and their staff continue to be paid until polling day, they may not enter the Palace of Westminster.
So...what happens if there is a major national crisis during the 17 day interregnum, such as a declaration of war... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/281i2t/eli5_in_the_uk_what_happens_to_the_state_and/ | {
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"text": [
"The monarch has the prerogative to form and dissolve the government. The prerogative could easily be used to re-convene the houses of government."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1hf8vz | What would a person be like if they couldn't remember anything short term? What would their perception be experience the present? | So i guess what im getting at is how much of our perception of self is formed through our reflection of our experience retroactively. Assume that the person would have a working knowledge of how to function and operate within society. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1hf8vz/what_would_a_person_be_like_if_they_couldnt/ | {
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"text": [
"What you're thinking happens when someone has anterograde amnesia which is the loss in ability to create new memories. I came across this man Clive Wearing when I researching (just casually) this topic a couple of years back: _URL_0_\n\nYou can s... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmzU47i2xgw"
]
] | |
8b0x24 | what is so special about petroleum oils that we can't just simply use most other kinds of oil (vegetable, animal) as a fuel substitute? | I am assuming similar viscosity and consistency and whatever because obviously you can't run a combustion engine on a solid block of fat. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8b0x24/eli5_what_is_so_special_about_petroleum_oils_that/ | {
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"text": [
"Petroleum oils are hydrocarbon chains, links of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms hooked to them. Vegetable oils have links of carbon atoms with some hydrogen atoms, but also some oxygen-hydrogen units attached to them.\n\n... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1ky7d8 | When did the practice of naming city streets originate? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ky7d8/when_did_the_practice_of_naming_city_streets/ | {
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"text": [
"Great question! As an add-on/follow-up - how did people find new shops and places to go (e.g. to visit someone new) before there was an official street nami... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1kj7of/when_did_the_practice_of_naming_streets_of_cities/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1at4gw/why_did_the_romans_name_highways_but_not_local/"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.oldenbourg-link.com/doi/abs/10.1524/aofo.2011.0020"... | ||
42fkvp | Can anyone tell me what Herodotus is holding in this sculpture and its significance ? | _URL_0_ | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/42fkvp/can_anyone_tell_me_what_herodotus_is_holding_in/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Do you mean [this image?](_URL_3_) If so, somebody has made a mistake. That's not Herodotus. \n\nIt's part of a larger [bas relief](_URL_4_) at the Louvre, made to celebrate Napoleon as a law-giver. It is \"History Inscribing upon Her Tablet the... | [] | [
"https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=herodotus&client=safari&hl=en&prmd=ivbn&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwizw9mjqcLKAhWLfxoKHTFODNwQ_AUIBygB#imgrc=LwGl5KejusKWhM%3A"
] | [
[
"http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft4x0nb2dg;chunk.id=d0e708;doc.view=print",
"http://souslecieldeparisetdailleurs.o.s.f.unblog.fr/files/2014/04/cour-carree-1806.jpg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituus",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotus#/media/File:Relief_Herodotus_... | |
69u3yk | 9th century Wales and two-handed axes | Odd question, I know, but in the rare images I've seen of Britons fighting invading Norsemen, the Welsh wielding a two-handed axe is persistent, at least enough for me to pick up on it. Was this a common thing? I'd always associated them with the huscarls and Scandinavians of later years, but these are depictions of th... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/69u3yk/9th_century_wales_and_twohanded_axes/ | {
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"text": [
"If you don't mind linking some of said images, that would be very helpful in determining their historicity. \n\nThat being said, we have very VERY little information about the specific armaments of soldiers in the early Viking period. For example... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.britannia.com/history/docs/asintro2.html",
"http://www.bayeuxtapestry.org.uk/Bayeux27.htm"
]
] | |
a6mgyh | How did conquistadores/missionaries react when they found muslims in the Philippines? | Were they surprised? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/a6mgyh/how_did_conquistadoresmissionaries_react_when/ | {
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"text": [
"Yes, the (Christian) Spanish were surprised. To elaborate on this answer, I will be using two main sources: Isaac Donoso's *Islamic Far East: Ethnogenesis of Philippine Islam* and Cesar Adib Majul's *Muslims in the Phil... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
4xo5cw | [psychology/neuro] why do most people value romantic relationships far beyond friendships? | Statistically, my friends have caused me wayyy less pain or grief than any person I've dated. Why do humans prioritize romantic bonds over other kinds of social bonds? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4xo5cw/eli5_psychologyneuro_why_do_most_people_value/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It's really just the human instinct of reproduction kicking in and making you choose your partner instead of your friends as they don't benefit you in any way except from you beint socially active.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2myw3m | Best American history book for a non-native speaker of English in 8th grade? | I tutor a Chinese girl who's about to move to America for high school. Is there an American history book comparable to "This is China: the first 5000 years"? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2myw3m/best_american_history_book_for_a_nonnative/ | {
"a_id": [
"cm95d1y"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"i gave this book \n\n_URL_0_\n\nto my chinese cousin in zhong 3.\n\nshe thought it was hilarious. I own all of larry gonicks cartoon histories and science books, theyre amazing"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.amazon.com/Cartoon-History-United-States-Modern/dp/0062730983"
]
] | |
3mu0al | why do you dream about people that haven't been in your life for a long time? (example: an ex from over 10 years ago) | I've been unable to sleep all night because I keep dreaming about someone I shouldn't be dreaming about. I haven't seen this person in almost two years. So why does this person haunt my dreams? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3mu0al/eli5_why_do_you_dream_about_people_that_havent/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"A lot of it has to do with mental triggers. Most of the time, triggers without us even realizing with them. A mannerism your ex had (sarcasm, a specific joke, a favorite food, a line in a movie) can bring all those memories ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1gepm0 | How is internal autopilot possible? And what is actually going on? | When I'm leaving work I can get into my car, pull out of car park, then the next thing I know I'm unbuckling my seatbelt at home. I know I must have driven safely or I wouldn't have got home, but as I zoned out how is that possible? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1gepm0/how_is_internal_autopilot_possible_and_what_is/ | {
"a_id": [
"cajklef"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"The phenomenon you're describing is referred to as [highway hypnosis](_URL_0_) or [driving without awareness](_URL_1_)."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_hypnosis",
"http://books.google.com/books?id=jrEKoWfOJc0C&pg=PA455"
]
] | |
2qhff8 | What was the deal with the Fenian Raids into Canada? | Who organized them? How did they recruit raiders? What were there specific objectives? How did they possibly think they would succeed? How much support did they receive from the US Government? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2qhff8/what_was_the_deal_with_the_fenian_raids_into/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The Fenian Raids(1866-71) were a series of raids across the USA-Canada border, undertaken by Irish-Americans who wished to put political pressure on the British Crown, and ultimately, to get the British to withdraw from Ireland and gain Irish ind... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2xduoq | why were ww2 soldiers trained to shoot "dirty harry style" instead of using two hands? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2xduoq/eli5_why_were_ww2_soldiers_trained_to_shoot_dirty/ | {
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"text": [
"One obvious advantage is that it leaves the left hand open for the use of a knife or other tool. Most effective pistol engagements will occur within 10 meters or so, and that dista... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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[]
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1lz0ms | Did word of the New World discovered by Leif Ericson ever get to the Western Europeans? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1lz0ms/did_word_of_the_new_world_discovered_by_leif/ | {
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15,
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"text": [
"Just a quick follow-up question, if permitted;\n\nThe rest of Europe did hear about Ericson's discovery eventually, but when? When the coastal countries of Europe were exploring the new world in the ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
9u4ogb | Why are many instruments made of brass? What about the material makes it suitable for music? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9u4ogb/why_are_many_instruments_made_of_brass_what_about/ | {
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"text": [
"Soft, malleable, easily formed. ",
"It is an easy metal to work and draw into shape. It also provides good resonance for the sound and is less expensive than some other opt... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_hardening#History"
]
] | ||
2q04kl | why do kids perceive vegetables to be less appetizing than other foods (ie meats, starches, etc)? | And even adults I suppose.
What is there about vegetables (and even fruits) that are less appealing to some (perhaps even most) people than other foods? Why do parents have to persuade their children to eat their fruits and vegetables? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2q04kl/eli5_why_do_kids_perceive_vegetables_to_be_less/ | {
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"text": [
"Our bodies are adapted to crave energy-rich foods which are difficu... | [] | [] | [
[],
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[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/science-picky-eaters.html"
],
[],
[]
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cc13dy | Why do cellular frequencies have to be significantly higher than WiFi's 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz? Especially when it comes to the new 5g that's rolling out? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/cc13dy/why_do_cellular_frequencies_have_to_be/ | {
"a_id": [
"etlm5ui",
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"score": [
6,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"I don't think they *have* to use higher frequencies, at least not for any technical reason. The Wikipedia article mentions that the first 5G deployments were in South Korea and use a band around 3.5 GH... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/United_States_Frequency_Allocations_Chart_2016_-_The_Radio_Spectrum.pdf/page1-6300px-United_States_Frequency_Allocations_Chart_2016_-_The_Radio_Spectrum.pdf.jpg",
"https://www.fcc.gov/engineering-technology/policy-and-rules-division/ge... | ||
14uev4 | Question on freezing water? | So today when I got in my car I had two water bottles that had been sitting in the car both more than half way full. One was a poland springs and the other was my essentials ( a shaws brand). The shaws brand was completly frozen but the poland springs was not frozen at all. When I picked up the poland springs to look a... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/14uev4/question_on_freezing_water/ | {
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76,
4,
3,
2
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"text": [
"The water is probably fairly pure and as a result there were no good nucleation sites for ice crystals to begin to form. The water was subsequently cooled below freezing while hav... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryhowtoguide/a/how-to-supercool-water.htm",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3VP8oj3Y8c"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0fURJg-K0A"
]
] | |
2cmf6r | why simple and stupid android applications (like games) "need" acces to personal info like device id & call information | I've been wondering now for a while why very simple app that I download from the Play Store (for example a stupid archery game) for my smarthphone ask me for so many acces permissions including:
-Device ID & Call Information
-Photos/ Media/ Files
-Identity
-Etc ?
I think most of people don't even think about it and g... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2cmf6r/eli5_why_simple_and_stupid_android_applications/ | {
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"text": [
"The device ID is required by many adservers, to avoid revenue fraud. But call information just means the game wants to pause when it detects that you're received a phone call.\n\nIt's easy to say \"hurr stealin ur data\", b... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2b13i6 | Will Repeated Exposure to Histamine Dull H1 Histamine Receptors? | It is well known that withdrawal effects of some antihistamine medications include itching after physical activity.
I assume this is because the h1 histamine receptors have had a long time without much stimulation and are thus hyper-sensitive to the histamine response caused by physical activity.
Would the reverse be... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2b13i6/will_repeated_exposure_to_histamine_dull_h1/ | {
"a_id": [
"cj1jt1g"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"I'm not sure this is predictable. The upregulation or downregulation of receptors due to exposure to a drug is variable in mechanism and magnitude. It is a theory to explain the change in response to a drug. We presume that the majority of the ef... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
736mwm | why does the "no smoking" light exist in planes? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/736mwm/eli5_why_does_the_no_smoking_light_exist_in_planes/ | {
"a_id": [
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8,
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"text": [
"To constantly remind people of the fact, there are people who haven't flown since it was legal to smoke on aeroplanes and they might not know the rules.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
fxzegs | how are gas elements separated? | What does that process look like? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fxzegs/eli5_how_are_gas_elements_separated/ | {
"a_id": [
"fmxdagk"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Most commonly, cryogenic distillation. They're gases at room temperature, but are they still a gas at -200C? Cool them down until one gas liquefies and remove it. Then the next. Keep cooling until all but the lightest gas has separated out as... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2vunm8 | has cern found the higgs particle or not? i know last year there were very strong indicators that they did and they would get back to all of us when they tested further. but i cant find anything but 8 month old speculative documents at this point. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2vunm8/eli5_has_cern_found_the_higgs_particle_or_not_i/ | {
"a_id": [
"col3rik"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"The LHC shut down for upgrades in early 2013 and is due to restart soon, so there are likely to be more announcements once it's been running for a while and they've analysed the new data.\n\nThe current position seems to be that they're confident... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
eoxfkh | Would we be able to see the landing gear left behind on the moon by the Apollo missions with a telescope to prove we landed there? | I'm not a landing denier/doubter. Just had a good view of the moon while driving home and thought about this. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/eoxfkh/would_we_be_able_to_see_the_landing_gear_left/ | {
"a_id": [
"feg4aki",
"feg9b29",
"fegbv9a"
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"score": [
377,
9,
47
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"text": [
"There are no Earth-based telescopes that come close to having the necessary resolution to identify the Apollo equipment.\n\nHowever, there are a number of other ways in which we can observe the thing... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://moon.nasa.gov/resources/128/lro-explores-the-apollo-11-landing-site/"
],
[],
[]
] | |
2fd6uk | Why is LSD a hallucinogenic drug that is associated with serotonin and not dopamine? | I was in a Psych class just a few hours ago and a discussion came up about the properties of LSD, my professor brought up an interesting fact I'd love to know more about. Supposedly LSD is a hallucinogenic that effects the serotonin of the brain, and not the Dopamine like other hallucinogenics, the professor said that ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2fd6uk/why_is_lsd_a_hallucinogenic_drug_that_is/ | {
"a_id": [
"ck8g8bs",
"ck8tna3"
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"score": [
4,
2
],
"text": [
"Pretty much all psychedelics bind to the serotonin 5HT-2A receptor and other serotonin receptor subtypes with lower affinity, which is thought to mediate a lot of hallucinogenic activity. LSD also binds to D2 [dopamine rece... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v10/n9/abs/4001682a.html",
"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165017394900124",
"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/1355621021000005937/abstract"
],
[
"http://bilz0r.orconhosting.net.nz/Hallucinogens%20fig%202.gif",
"https://en.wiki... | |
30n2sh | What makes a Portugese Man O War not one organism? | I've been told that it is made up of smaller organisms which each serve a separate function. However, these individual organisms are codependent, and cannot survive alone. How is this different from a normal multicelular organism, which is made up of codependent, specialized single cell organisms? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/30n2sh/what_makes_a_portugese_man_o_war_not_one_organism/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpvdb55"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The man o war is not a jelly fish but a \"siphononphorae\", A siphonophore is a multi-cellular organism. Each zooid is multicellular, and thus the siphonophore is as well. \nThe difference between a normal multicellular organism is probably that ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-siphonophore-and-a-multi-cellular-organism",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_man_o%27_war",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphonophorae"
]
] | |
6vnnkg | How would one measure the amount of liquid in a cloud? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6vnnkg/how_would_one_measure_the_amount_of_liquid_in_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"dm1rmlg",
"dm25575"
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"score": [
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2
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"text": [
"Ooh tricky! I think I would first try radar attenuation. Since radar waves will attenuate in water following a Beer-Lambert-type absorption law, maybe you could fire radar waves at a cloud, measure the attenuation deviation ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2vxx3n | How is the American Civil War/its effects viewed and taught outside the US? | There have been several questions here about contemporary European views of the American Civil War, but I'm referring to present day viewpoints. The Civil War shaped the history and culture of the United States in huge ways that many books have tried to elucidate. Long story short (too late), the war mended old divisio... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2vxx3n/how_is_the_american_civil_warits_effects_viewed/ | {
"a_id": [
"com3zr0",
"comf7ey",
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"score": [
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3,
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],
"text": [
"I can't comment on A level as I have no experience of it, but at GCSE (roughly US high school diploma level) it doesn't tend to get taught.\n\n[This](_URL_0_) .pdf shows the provisional modules for GCSE... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/183520-e-bulletin-3-year-ks4.pdf"
],
[],
[]
] | |
4k1ze6 | how is the meat and chicken industry meeting the global food requirement without wiping out farm animal populations? | As an example, let's assume that most of us(excluding infants and babies of course) eat a quarter to half a chicken a day and also consume 1-2 eggs on average daily i.e. approx 1-2 billion chickens and 7 billion eggs, how does the industry deal with that type of daily consumption and still be able to provide ongoing su... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4k1ze6/eli5_how_is_the_meat_and_chicken_industry_meeting/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"They grow large numbers of animals in small spaces, bringing in grain by truck for them to eat. A large percentage of the world's grain production is fed to meat animals. ",
"T... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1l2wpg | Why is the katana so prevalent in the discussion of Japanese warfare and samurai? | I'm not completely clueless on this answer. I know that during the Tokugawa shogunate it was basically a status symbol that only the samurai and bakufu could wear, and that after the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate there was a pretty big deal of historical revisionism and romanticism on the behalf of the Edo Jidai writ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1l2wpg/why_is_the_katana_so_prevalent_in_the_discussion/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbvl7gm"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"you said it in your question -- it was a status symbol at the time, and has maintained its elevated position, but now in characterizing the era. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
8r7qlk | After European contact, was there a mass die off of aboriginal Australians similar to what happened to native Americans? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8r7qlk/after_european_contact_was_there_a_mass_die_off/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"If by 'mass die off', you mean deaths because of disease in the immediate aftermath of European contact (as opposed to a more protracted series of massacres and frontier wars over the course of colonisation)...well, either... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/7529/1/02Whole_Dowling.pdf",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6qw8he/ama_south_sulawesi_13001800/dl1kat7/?context=1",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/87pagr/why_does_it_seem_that_european_diseases_affected/dwer... | ||
22dqqx | Why does snow melt faster under trees? | So I noticed that snow melts faster under trees. Is this simply because the tree canopy limits the amount of snow and thus has less to melt or is the tree roots thermogenic? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/22dqqx/why_does_snow_melt_faster_under_trees/ | {
"a_id": [
"cglw73b"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"The University of Washington did an interesting study on this:\n\n_URL_0_\n\nIn short, despite the shade provided by the tree, the long-wave radiation from the tree (not just the roots) more than makes up for the loss of radiation from the sun, ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.washington.edu/news/2013/11/13/snow-melts-faster-under-trees-than-in-open-areas-in-mild-climates/"
]
] | |
2nuu54 | If a 50 year old person receives a 20 year old heart in a transplant does the heart "remain" younger than the rest of the patient's own cells? | If so is it theoretically possibly to live longer by simply replacing your organs as they get "worn" out? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2nuu54/if_a_50_year_old_person_receives_a_20_year_old/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmhe8pf"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"Not really a meaningful question considering most foreign organs get rejected after about 10-15 years because despite our best efforts of immunosuppression the human immune system really does not like having non-self tissue around. The cell mate... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
268ml1 | How Can We Diffrentiate Between Front and Back With Our Ears? | I already know how we can hear the difference between Left and Right because one ear is closer while the other one is further. But in a "Perfect" szenaria how could we tell the difference? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/268ml1/how_can_we_diffrentiate_between_front_and_back/ | {
"a_id": [
"choqono"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Before sound reaches your eardrums, it is modified in subtle ways by diffraction/reflection/absorption in your external ear and skull. This modification is different, depending on where the sound comes from. In other words, sound that hits the ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-related_transfer_function"
]
] | |
58lcrh | is there a way to determine how much pain someone is in using technology? do our brains react differently or the same despite each individuals unique pain tolerance? | So sorry if it's a dumb question but had this conversation a few weeks ago with someone and now I'm genuinely curious - are there similarities in brain activity for every human, enough that one day the doctors could basically hook you up to a machine or something and do a pain check that could actually rate it like a 1... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/58lcrh/eli5_is_there_a_way_to_determine_how_much_pain/ | {
"a_id": [
"d91e1bn",
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"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Because pain is *subjective* measure. Two people can be subjected to the exact same injury, but it'll seem more painful to one person and less to the other. \n\nYou could *in theory* put a person in an fMRI and measure how t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
4n7ig6 | why do social media apps like snapchat frequently update their layout despite a negative response almost every time? | Seems like a waste of resources when users usually want it to remain the same. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4n7ig6/eli5_why_do_social_media_apps_like_snapchat/ | {
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"text": [
"It might be a \"New\" fancy thing that they might be able to advertise in some way, but usually, it's to keep up with what is deemed \"Stylish\" and \"Moder... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
zv7t1 | Do neutrons still break down in elements? | Background info to the question is pretty much my physics teacher did a brief talk and discussed that neutrons break down into protons and neutrinos after (if i recall right) 7 minutes.
So my question being is that first do neutrons still break down after X amount of minutes when it is in an element like carbon or a ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/zv7t1/do_neutrons_still_break_down_in_elements/ | {
"a_id": [
"c68025q",
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"score": [
3,
2
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"text": [
"It is unstable when it is unbound (half-life roughly 10 minutes) and undergoes beta decay.\n\nBound neutrons are generally stable and do not decay.\n\nThat being said, there are exceptions in radioactive elements, specifical... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2u32fm | Why do you store enzymes with a high optimum temperature in the fridge? | Generally, people should keep enzymes in the fridge. But if an enzyme has an optimum temperature in the 40-60 Celsius range, why would keeping it in a fridge help to maintain the level of active enzyme? Surely, the enzymes are designed to be stable and even most functional at a higher temperature, so having them at roo... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2u32fm/why_do_you_store_enzymes_with_a_high_optimum/ | {
"a_id": [
"co4t3br",
"co4vypy",
"co561m3"
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"score": [
7,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"The optimal temperature is the point where it has highest catalytic activity. It does not imply that it is stable, especially for an extended period of time.\n\nEnzymes naturally degrade over time as th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
6pplm2 | buying a house | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6pplm2/eli5_buying_a_house/ | {
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"text": [
"300k decisions shouldnt be advised on reddit. it also changes depending on what country, province/state, and even county of state youre in. you need to talk to a realtor at the ver... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/102414/10-steps-firsttime-home-buyers.asp"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
3tcuk6 | Why did Franco choose King Juan Carlos as His Successor? | As the title asks, why did Franco choose King Juan Carlos as his successor? I never thought of Franco as a Falange ideologue (far more a pragmatist), but it seems a bit strange to me, that he decided to reinstate the monarchy, knowing that it would put in jeopardy his entire supporting column (the Falange army, bureauc... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3tcuk6/why_did_franco_choose_king_juan_carlos_as_his/ | {
"a_id": [
"cx5r6wk",
"cx5ug5r"
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"score": [
16,
27
],
"text": [
"The Falange was basically a dying organization by the 1970's. The leadership was old, and was dying off. The Young Falangists' Party was seeing ever declining numbers, despite their being the only legal political party. Fr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
11777x | In your opinion, could the French Revolution have been prevented? If so, how? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/11777x/in_your_opinion_could_the_french_revolution_have/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6jxhlg",
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"text": [
"In my opinion, yes.\n\nThe early years of the debt, and grain crisis, were exacerbated and plagued by Louis' inaction or mismanagement. This manifested itself with his failure to acknowledge the grain shortages, firing of hi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
35b0fo | why would the uk government put the tuition fees up if they have to lend out the money to pay for it? | Been seeing all day the Conservative's want to put up student fees but in the UK all the student loans are done by the government so surely they're going to make it worse for themselves? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/35b0fo/eli5_why_would_the_uk_government_put_the_tuition/ | {
"a_id": [
"cr2oaot",
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"score": [
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"this benefits them, because when they loan out money, (usually) there is a grace period after your studies are finished, then they start charging interest, and the government *really* likes it when you ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/publications/bns/BN164.pdf"
],
[]
] | |
515u0h | How historically accurate is the movie Caligula (1979) | I really like the the movie *Caligula*, directed by Tinto Brass, starring Malcolm McDowell. What are some differences between the film's portrayal of Caligula and the real person?
(I forgot to add the question mark in the title.) | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/515u0h/how_historically_accurate_is_the_movie_caligula/ | {
"a_id": [
"d79s9dj"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I'm gonna try to summarize the historical inaccuracies in the entire film.\n\nAs the film opens we see Caligula with his sister Drusilla, although it is said that Caligula had incestious relations with her sister we are missing through all the mo... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
sa61k | If viewing Earth from another planet (even mars) how much brighter would it be than other planets because of artificial light sources? | Looking at all of the pictures of what Earth looks like from space I began to wonder if our artificial lighting would be visible from other planets. Or is the earth merely visible to other planets when the sun is reflecting its light off it, in the viewing range of a particular planet.
| askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/sa61k/if_viewing_earth_from_another_planet_even_mars/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4ccilz"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"[This article](_URL_0_) mentions astronomers calculating something on the lines of what you are asking.\n\nHere's the snippet:\n\n > To see how feasible hunting for alien light beacons might be, first Loeb and Turner calculated how well it might ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.space.com/13514-alien-city-artificial-lights-extraterrestrial-planets.html"
]
] | |
ejtemm | What causes shockwaves to form on an airfoil when the airflow is supersonic? Why does this cause flow separation? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ejtemm/what_causes_shockwaves_to_form_on_an_airfoil_when/ | {
"a_id": [
"fd325yc",
"fd35b7u"
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"score": [
6,
3
],
"text": [
"Shockwaves form around an airfoil because the flow is disturbed (an obstacle is in the way) and the information can not be sent fast enough (because supersonic flow) to other molecules of air.\n\nWikipedia explains it a lot ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://i.imgur.com/Pt7AeTV.jpg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_wave#Bow_shock_(detached_shock)",
"https://i.stack.imgur.com/aWEWY.jpg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prandtl–Meyer_expansion_fan",
"https://i.stack.imgur.com/q1g36.jpg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblique_... | ||
1rl7bb | the ideas and significance of thomas aquinas. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rl7bb/eli5_the_ideas_and_significance_of_thomas_aquinas/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdofmnf",
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2,
2
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"text": [
"This is almost impossible to do and keep short or in the scope for a five year old, but basically Thomas commented on and integrated the thoughts and ideas of Aristotle into Christian thought. To get an idea on how much of ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvMxLpce3Xw"
],
[]
] | ||
bbshfg | what keeps the heart beating? | Ok, this may seem like a ridiculously obvious thing which im just not realising but here goes.
The heart keeps us alive by pumping blood to our vital organs but what keeps the heart beating? Why does it beat at the rate that it does? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bbshfg/eli5_what_keeps_the_heart_beating/ | {
"a_id": [
"ekl3y7m",
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"score": [
7,
13
],
"text": [
"The heart has [its own electrical system,](_URL_3_) which is primarily the [*sinoatrial node*](_URL_0_)\n and the [*atrioventricular node*.](_URL_2_) Those two keep the heart beating independently from direct input from the... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SA_Node",
"https://i.imgur.com/qGY9ZO3.gifv",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AV_Node",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conduction_system_of_the_heart"
],
[]
] | |
23vc3k | how can someone squat in a house i own but am not presently occupying? | I don't understand why I have to fight to get them out. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/23vc3k/eli5_how_can_someone_squat_in_a_house_i_own_but/ | {
"a_id": [
"ch0wrl3",
"ch0x1sg"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"I'm assuming this question is inspired by the recent article about the soldier. In the US, there are laws protecting tenants. Because they've claimed that is what they are, they have to go through an eviction process to get ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
6ckmn4 | how can a reader find out if a news story is representing fact and not a biased opinion? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ckmn4/eli5_how_can_a_reader_find_out_if_a_news_story_is/ | {
"a_id": [
"dhvd9ti",
"dhvg2g3",
"dhvg4hj",
"dhvpy5s"
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"score": [
8,
6,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Typically it's pretty easy to tell when a story is presenting an opinion. They'll gloss over details, use emotionally charged language, provide few if any citations, present only o... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/"
],
[
"https://i1.wp.com/www.pigscast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/News.png"
],
[]
] | ||
12pok2 | Would a perfect sphere be able to contain a vacuum? | I just finished reading "The Singing Bell" by Isaac Asimov and I am curious about reproducing one of the Bells in the story.
From the story a Singing Bell is a rock formed on the Moon that is filled with a vacuum and several small rocks inside of the cavity. When polished and correctly struck they produce an incredibl... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/12pok2/would_a_perfect_sphere_be_able_to_contain_a_vacuum/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6x4x4n",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Not a physicist but I believe that a sphere would be an excellent shape for a vacuum flask. Look at the pressure vessel (the part that contains humans) of the bathyscaphe Trieste _URL_0_ . It is for the most part spherical... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathyscaphe_Trieste"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_chamber"
]
] | |
1sqo1g | What were the Indus Valley Civilization seals thought to be before the actual DISCOVERY of the Indus Valley Civilization? | So *Crash Course : World History* says that the people in the Indus Valley traded with different parts of the world because their seals have been found as far away as the middle east.
Were people mystified by the seals before the Indus Valley Civilization was actually discovered in the late 1800's? What were the preva... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1sqo1g/what_were_the_indus_valley_civilization_seals/ | {
"a_id": [
"ce0aqo9",
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"score": [
2,
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],
"text": [
"Archaeology and similar disciplines always operate on a flawed, partial record. Usually when something is found with an unknown provenance, it's assigned a name based on either who found it, or where it was found. \n\n\n\nTh... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3ybfw1 | What were Pablo Escobar's plans if had become the president of Colombia? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3ybfw1/what_were_pablo_escobars_plans_if_had_become_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cycgvpk"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"If I could piggy-back, according to the Columbian soap opera biopic, Pablo Escobar: Patron del Mal, he wanted to outlaw extradition. Does anybody know of a source that backs this up? It logically makes sense, but telenovelas don't pack a biblio... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2o3vk3 | Speakers in extreme cold? | A few friends and I we're planning on doing a physics experiment testing acoustics in the higher atmosphere. We wanted to know if a non modified small speaker, about 4 in x 4 in, would function at the temperatures at 60,000- 120,000 ft? And if not how could we possible make it work at those temperatures? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2o3vk3/speakers_in_extreme_cold/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmjodsd"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I would be concerned about the temperature range of the components. Some electronics like capacitors will only work to -20 degrees Celsius, and some don't handle low absolute pressure so well. Some hookup wire insulation will crack and potentiall... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3t4koy | how are new flu shots tested every year if medical trials are so slow and expensive? | How is it feasible for them to come out with new flu shots every year? I thought that human testing was slow and expensive.
For them to be able to do the research on what the new flu virus each year, get it on time for testing, test it effectively, manufacture it and get it shipped out, how is it possible that they al... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3t4koy/eli5_how_are_new_flu_shots_tested_every_year_if/ | {
"a_id": [
"cx32rqv",
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Probabilistic models predict which strains of the flu are most likely to hit. These strains are included in the vaccine. The vaccines are only as effective as the predictions are accurate, so the effectiveness can vary from ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1thm21 | why can't i make a pair of wings large enough and light enough to carry my weight, and use them to fly around? | If I made a pair of lightweight wings about 17 feet long and had a motor powering them, could I maintain sustained flight? And if not, please explain why. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1thm21/eli5_why_cant_i_make_a_pair_of_wings_large_enough/ | {
"a_id": [
"ce81dtr"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"You can. It would just be cumbersome and difficult to steer and stay afloat for extended periods of time."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3hydp9 | why does the skin itch after sitting in front of the jacuzzi jet or being in contact with a vibrating surface for a period of time? | Does it have something to do with the different type of nerve receptors on the skin? (i'm talking about Pacinian corpuscles, Meissner's corpuscles, Merkel's discs and Ruffini endings) If not, then what causes the itch? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3hydp9/eli5_why_does_the_skin_itch_after_sitting_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"cubo697"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Both of these things increase circulation, which causes a small adjustment in your skin's sensitivity in those areas, which (usually) manifests as an itchy sensation."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1jwplm | How do we measure things like diameter, mass and chemical makeup of distant objects such as asteroids? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1jwplm/how_do_we_measure_things_like_diameter_mass_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbj1e00",
"cbjceu9"
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"score": [
10,
2
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"text": [
"You can estimate the composition of objects that emit or absorb/reflect radiation (light, IR, xrays) by looking at the spectral signature of the radiation. There are some examples at the wiki page on [astronomical spectrosc... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://lasp.colorado.edu/education/outerplanets/spacejunk_asteroids.php",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_spectroscopy"
],
[]
] | ||
2forx1 | How did the Hero of the Soviet Union medal get worn? | Sorry if this isn't the right place for the question, but it seems historical and I figured you guys must know it, as you know everything.
I'm a bit of a fan of the Soviet Union, and bought a replica Hero of the Soviet Union medal. I expected it would have a pin to attach to clothing, but its got a screw. Looking onli... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2forx1/how_did_the_hero_of_the_soviet_union_medal_get/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckbdwe2"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Did it come with a little round plate with a threaded hole in the middle?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6e2act | how do motorbike riders drive safely in the rain? rain drops on helmet, boots wet etc | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6e2act/eli5_how_do_motorbike_riders_drive_safely_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"di72aqx",
"di74lpu"
],
"score": [
8,
5
],
"text": [
"Not sure in what respect you mean, really, but...\n\nGood tires with decent tread. Some tires are better in water than others, same as your car.\n\nRiding properly for the conditions. Allowing more room for braking, more tim... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
nw6y5 | caucuses | What are they and what does it mean to win one? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/nw6y5/eli5_caucuses/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3cezqs",
"c3chenc",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Let's say your school is having elections for school president, and 1 kid from each grade can run. You are in the 4th grade and you want to run for school president, so you get nom... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/iowa-caucus-work-important-article-1.998846"
],
[],
[
"http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/iowa-caucus-work-important-article-1.998846"
]
] | |
zhmh4 | Can someone tell me what (if anything) alkaline ionizers do to water? | My sister is convinced that these make water better for you, but it seems like a sort of placebo effect/scam. Can anyone explain the chemistry of it to me please? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/zhmh4/can_someone_tell_me_what_if_anything_alkaline/ | {
"a_id": [
"c64oe6t"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Snake oil.\n\nFrom what I understand, these machines run a current through water to ionize it?\n\nWater itself is only a little conductive, it has to be filled with ions like sodium to help the conductance. Now say we do run a current through it,... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ionizeroasis.com/pages/build-your-own-water-ionizer.html"
]
] | |
20bs77 | How is/was mercury used to purify other metals? | I read that this was the process the Spanish used when they discovered vast silver mines in Peru, and that resulting mercury pollution has really damaged the areas around the silver mines there. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/20bs77/how_iswas_mercury_used_to_purify_other_metals/ | {
"a_id": [
"cg1zmbu"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Basically, you crush up the ore really finely so that the silver or gold particles are exposed and then run mercury through the dust. Mercury readily forms liquid alloys called amalgams with other metals, so you use it to dissolve the silver or ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
9mho35 | what makes the spacex rockets form the huge plume in the sky when they launch and why don’t other rockets make something similar? | Following last nights launch there’s tons of pictures and videos of Falcon 9 launching over California and I was wondering about the light show of sorts it makes. Is it from the rockets fuel system or how this rocket separates stages? Or could I just be that Elon wanted to make a big show to reignite People’s passion f... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9mho35/eli5_what_makes_the_spacex_rockets_form_the_huge/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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2
],
"text": [
"It's just down to the timing of the launch. Launches during the day you won't see it because the sky is already bright, and launches very late at night you won't, because the whole sky, horizon to horizon, is dark. It has t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1khrvn | Can two planets occupy the same orbit? | Sorry if this has been asked before. I don't mean like how our moon an earth share an orbit. What I'm asking is if it would be possible for two planets to share an orbit around a star. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1khrvn/can_two_planets_occupy_the_same_orbit/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
2,
525,
43,
5,
2,
3,
2,
3,
2,
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"text": [
"Yes but would their revolutions be synchroniz... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-orbital_configuration",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lagrange_points2.svg"
],
[],
[
"http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/my-solar-system/my-solar-system_en.html"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia... | |
cbh7l9 | Why does America have 3 huge sports that only they play? | Why are baseball, basketball, and American football so much more popular than any other international sports, why did they come about, and why has the same situation not occurred anywhere else in the world?
EDIT:
I do know the story of why the USA plays American football instead of rugby ( good video here by squidgeru... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/cbh7l9/why_does_america_have_3_huge_sports_that_only/ | {
"a_id": [
"etffla7"
],
"score": [
12
],
"text": [
"So I would challenge the premise here, as certainly for baseball, it is the most popular sport Japan, and has been played there almost as long as in the United States, being played professionally for only a decade less than in the United States,... | [] | [
"https://youtu.be/DrSNe0DIlTw"
] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3zkxw1/can_anyone_tell_me_more_about_the_history_of/cyn49ln/"
]
] | |
1tof5j | Why dont stimulants increase appetite when they increase metabolism? | There is a parodixcal relationship with stimulants and appetite, sometimes stimulants seemingly decrease appetite. Can anyone help share light on this? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1tof5j/why_dont_stimulants_increase_appetite_when_they/ | {
"a_id": [
"cea96e5"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Stimulants (generally) activate the sympathetic nervous system. This means that they end up acting similarly to epinepherine or norepinepherine (adrenaline). Adrenaline, being an acute stress hormone, diminishes apetite so you can focus on addr... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3006zu | if depicting prophets is forbidden, since jesus (known as isa) is a prophet in islam along with muhammed, why are muslims fine with depictions of him? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3006zu/eli5_if_depicting_prophets_is_forbidden_since/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
263,
38,
28,
5,
4,
25
],
"text": [
"Here is the thing: this 'no depicting prophets' appeared recently with the nutjob known as al qaeida and the wahhabism( extrem hard... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depictions_of_Muhammad#Portraiture_of_Muhammad_in_Islamic_literature"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1l7iss | How/what are the processes behind semi-conductors? | I have been looking into thermoelectric generators and I understand that the use of thermopiles uses difference in temperature to produce electricity. However my concern is on N and P type semi-conductors, what materials are they generally made of(different combination of materials better)? What gives them the properti... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1l7iss/howwhat_are_the_processes_behind_semiconductors/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbwio8g",
"cbwk61b",
"cbwkchc"
],
"score": [
2,
3,
4
],
"text": [
"Semi-conductors are, as the name suggest, conductive under certain conditions and non-conductive under other conditions. This has to do with the fact that there are \"some\" free electrons (n-type) or f... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
48rn50 | What oldest exisiting position in the uk parliament? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/48rn50/what_oldest_exisiting_position_in_the_uk/ | {
"a_id": [
"d0lxgt1"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"Strictly speaking, the Crown - as in the Monarchy - is. Within British constitutional law, the Crown has a role to play in the legislative process and is considered part of the parliamentary institution, commonly referred to today as the Queen-in... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.pdavis.nl/Legis_07.htm"
]
] | ||
5kybql | [Arabia] Who was Ibn Fadlan? | Because I focus on Norse stuff, I know of Ibn Fadlan as a famous primary source. However, I don't know anything about him besides that he was a soldier on some kind of diplomatic expedition who encountered a group of Norsemen who traveled down the Volga and recorded his meetings with them, most famously an account of a... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5kybql/arabia_who_was_ibn_fadlan/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbshown",
"dbt00xf"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"As a follow up question, what *really* happened to the money he was supposed to deliver to the king of the Volga Bulgars?",
"I can answer this!\n\nIbn Fadlan was the secretary to a higher ranking Abbasid emissary. He was... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-fadlan-arab-among-vikings-russia",
"https://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/montgo1.pdf"
]
] | |
6t4ma8 | Probiotics are "good" bacteria sold in pharmacies, to be taken alongside antibiotics to protect your intestinal microbiome. How are they manufactured? How can a powder contain live bacteria? How do they survive without food in a paper envelope for years? | Probiotics are live bacteria to be taken alongside antibiotics to protect your intestinal microbiome, as antibiotics often indiscriminately kill both "good" and "bad" bacteria.
They are typically sold as a powder you're supposed to dissolve in water and then swallow.
* How are they manufactured? How can you turn bact... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6t4ma8/probiotics_are_good_bacteria_sold_in_pharmacies/ | {
"a_id": [
"dlhxspr",
"dlhxtzm",
"dlhy0rk",
"dlihwc3"
],
"score": [
451,
6,
36,
12
],
"text": [
"The powder bacteria you get is much like baker's yeast or \"astronaut ice cream\" that you can buy in the store. The bacteria are freeze-dried or, the more technical term, lyop... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://mic.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-1-2-251"
],
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909163/"
],
[
"https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=danone+fined+fake+claims&oq=danone+fined+fake+claims&gs_l=psy-ab.3...8277.10214.0.10371.14.14.... | |
4jycmt | What are some of the essential books one should own for the study of pre-Viking Age Scandinavia and 3rd Century (AD) China? | Hi, apologies if this isn't the appropriate subreddit for this question.
I've been studying pre-Islamic Arabia and Syria for a long time now and want to switch it up a bit.
Recently the pre-Viking Age Scandinavian culture (IE Vendel), Early Anglo-Saxon England and Three Kingdoms period China have caught my interest.
... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4jycmt/what_are_some_of_the_essential_books_one_should/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3bqfbd"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I'm not familiar with many good surveys of pre-Viking Age Scandinavia, but Lotte Hedeager's *Iron Age Societies. From Tribe to State in Northern Europe* (1992) might do the trick. There's also Judith Jesch's (ed) *The Scandinavians from the Vende... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.gbv.de/dms/ub-kiel/341397997.pdf",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendel_Period"
]
] | |
22cksr | What percentage of Australians are related to 'convicts'? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/22cksr/what_percentage_of_australians_are_related_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"cglm438",
"cgm09a3"
],
"score": [
150,
8
],
"text": [
"It is estimated that about 22 per cent of living Australians had a convict ancestor. Based on _URL_0_'s collection of Australian convicts records.\n\n\n_URL_1_",
"I'd like to remind posters that personal anecdotes are ... | [] | [] | [
[
"Ancestry.com",
"http://corporate.ancestry.com/press/press-releases/2007/07/ancestry.com-launches-largest-online-collection-of-records-documenting-australias-convicted-founding-fathers/"
],
[]
] | ||
79d812 | are there any countries that allow you to become president if you are not a natural born citizen? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/79d812/eli5_are_there_any_countries_that_allow_you_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"dp10cal"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"The US is probably more of an exception here. Most countries allow any adult citizen to be elected to any office. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
q7951 | why people choose to be vegetarian. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/q7951/eli5_why_people_choose_to_be_vegetarian/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3vaiwu",
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"score": [
2,
7,
11
],
"text": [
"My daughter is a vegetarian because she prefers the taste of beans and tofu to meat.",
"Because they perceive there being a nutritional advantage, they simply don't like the taste or texture of mea... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.yale.edu/ycvs/10reasons.html",
"http://www.fao.org/ag/magazine/0612sp1.htm"
]
] | ||
27gyzh | Why didn't the German forces better utilize their naval assets (u-boats) to destroy troop ships while crossing the channel on d-day? | Assuming that Germany knew there was going to be an invasion, why didn't they deploy more naval assets such as U boats to pick off troop ships as they crossed the channel? I hear stories of how there were attacks on the eastern sea board but it would seem a better use would have been to patrol the channel. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/27gyzh/why_didnt_the_german_forces_better_utilize_their/ | {
"a_id": [
"ci0qewp",
"ci0z7bl",
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"score": [
78,
6,
3
],
"text": [
"By the time D-Day came around, the German navy was on the heavy defensive, and by the beginning of 1944, most German submarines rarely strayed far from the coast, and were largely confined to their por... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
9r3um3 | why is it if you fry food take it out and put it back in it doesn't work and just burns it... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9r3um3/eli5_why_is_it_if_you_fry_food_take_it_out_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"e8e26uk"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"What doesn’t work?\n\nDouble frying food is a thing, but there is a proper way to do it, same as anything.\n\nThe first fry is done at a low temperature, for a longer time. Chicken wings for example, go in first at around 225F for 20 minutes. T... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3gkp4b | what happens when two viruses or diseases inhabit the same body? what if the same body part? | Do they affect each other in anyway?
| explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3gkp4b/eli5_what_happens_when_two_viruses_or_diseases/ | {
"a_id": [
"ctyzytv"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Generally viruses have very specific molecular targets inside the human body.\nIf the viruses are pathogenic that means you will likely get both diseases.\nViruses are much smaller than cells, that means many of them can infect the same cell. \n\... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.medicaldaily.com/number-viruses-found-healthy-people-impresses-scientists-we-are-92-303900"
]
] | |
1wmaj8 | why is the midwest called that? | As an Australian, this has always confused me. Looking at a map, the region seems to be in the eastern half of the country. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1wmaj8/eli5_why_is_the_midwest_called_that/ | {
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"score": [
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6,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"As the settlers were moving west, the Rocky Mountains were a natural boundary. Most people that moved to the far west traveled by ship. So west became the Texas / Oklahoma / New M... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
85uzdx | what are exactly those 'russian bots' everyone talks about? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/85uzdx/eli5_what_are_exactly_those_russian_bots_everyone/ | {
"a_id": [
"dw092wd",
"dw09scc",
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"score": [
11,
3,
10,
2
],
"text": [
"No question is stupid.\n\nA bot is a program that does a specific function. For instance YouTube has bots that identify the types of videos you watch and bird that try to match a... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
169i7o | Can we assume that all the water that exist on earth has been here since the creation of earth? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/169i7o/can_we_assume_that_all_the_water_that_exist_on/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7tyfjl",
"c7tzbj3"
],
"score": [
9,
12
],
"text": [
"No, it's been deposited over a period of time.\n\nShortly after the Earth was formed, a Mars-sized object slammed into it, knocking off a lot of the crust and outer layers and forming the Moon. This removed any water which ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
7h8cfn | how do employee stock ownership plans work? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7h8cfn/eli5_how_do_employee_stock_ownership_plans_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"dqoz4a6"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Your employer give you options. After a period the options \"vest\" and you can \"exercise\" them (convert them into shares and sell them). \n\nIf there is a cost on the option per share, this is deducted from the proceeds on the sale of the shar... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3vkcw2 | why people think crystals have powers, healing ability, or other capabilities and why? is there any scientific evidence? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3vkcw2/eli5_why_people_think_crystals_have_powers/ | {
"a_id": [
"cxo8ift",
"cxo8k85",
"cxo8qxz",
"cxoaa4j",
"cxoct2h",
"cxoo25l",
"cxopdqv",
"cxowv42"
],
"score": [
2,
29,
4,
4,
2,
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Crystals look magical, because they're mysterious and shiny.\nThere is no evidence to suppo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2liy8e | had pi been a different number, what would have changed? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2liy8e/eli5had_pi_been_a_different_number_what_would/ | {
"a_id": [
"clv7jij",
"clvczze"
],
"score": [
7,
2
],
"text": [
"Just numerical values. Pi is a constant so all the rules and principals associated with it would be the same, just with different numerical values.",
"This works if you change the base you're counting in from base 10 to... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
6ezah1 | what happens in your brain when you start daydreaming with your eyes still open. what part of the brain switches those controls saying to stop processing outside information and start imagining? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ezah1/eli5what_happens_in_your_brain_when_you_start/ | {
"a_id": [
"died59p",
"diedhuz",
"dieevv4",
"dief0sx",
"dieg2uj",
"dieh7du",
"dieibfa",
"diej6s5",
"diej7ch",
"diejm4t",
"diek0xl",
"diekb7h",
"dielihk",
"dieml6u",
"diepifu",
"diestc4",
"diet1tg",
"dietr10",
"dif1xcf",
"dif6ywg",
"d... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/fall-2010/science-of-daydreaming#.UuFtfGTTnLY"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://imgur.com/a/ezlh0",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG698U2Mvo",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccade... | ||
1wt60x | scientology | I just don't understand it and its beliefs. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1wt60x/eli5scientology/ | {
"a_id": [
"cf54h3i",
"cf55c53",
"cf55qxw",
"cf55sof",
"cf55zua",
"cf56jjj",
"cf57xun",
"cf5cokj",
"cf5ettu",
"cf5ii5a"
],
"score": [
95,
25,
57,
2,
5,
81,
4,
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Science Fiction writer wants to become rich ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.buzzfeed.com/whitneyjefferson/what-scientologists-actually-believe"
],
[
"http://youtu.be/A0C2D99YyfU"
],
[
"http://www.lermanet.com/exit/onauditingbystacy.htm"
],
[],
[
"http://www.lisamcpherson.org/"
],
[
"http://fieldnotes.unicefusa.org/"
],
[
... | |
d5g0l9 | everything about battle tactics? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/d5g0l9/eli5_everything_about_battle_tactics/ | {
"a_id": [
"f0ll2vl"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It's gonna be difficult to explain battle tactics in a single comment. Check out The Art of War, by Sun Tzu."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
zxe2v | Just how dangerous was life in the European Dark Ages? | How likely were you to be murdered/beaten etc? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/zxe2v/just_how_dangerous_was_life_in_the_european_dark/ | {
"a_id": [
"c68jjlq",
"c68jmiw",
"c68nffd",
"c68pmqz"
],
"score": [
2,
4,
3,
3
],
"text": [
"It would seem life expediencies weren't all that good due to ;\n\n- Disease\n- Famine (sometimes due to overpopulation)\n- War\n- Childbirth\n\n_URL_1_\n_URL_0_\n\nBut I've no idea... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_demography",
"http://www.sarahwoodbury.com/life-expectancy-in-the-middle-ages/"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://books.google.com/books?id=dPig9bm268sC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"
]
] | |
1lhnot | why is water being the universal solvent considered helpful to the survival of cells? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1lhnot/eli5_why_is_water_being_the_universal_solvent/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbzcr1j"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Water is one of the components of being essential for life because that it is dissolving vitamins and minerals.\n\nWater also cleans the system water to flush out toxins, regulate body temperature and aid our metabolism.\n\nI pretty much summariz... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/water-vital-to-life.htm"
]
] |
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