q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4tjczs | Are there any animals which have benefited from human dominance of the planet? | The only ones I can think of off the top of my head are city-dwelling pests such as rats and pigeons, but then again I know nothing about rat/pigeon population pre-civilization, so I could be wrong there. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4tjczs/are_there_any_animals_which_have_benefited_from/ | {
"a_id": [
"d5jauom",
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"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Dogs - or rather their wolf ancestors... In order to gain protection and a constant supply of food from the human communities at the time, the dog ancestors evolved to look less menacing (i.e. Increasingly cute), display loy... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
csbg7a | why does it hurt to put a retainer in after not wearing it for a few days? do our teeth really shift that much in such a short period of time? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/csbg7a/eli5_why_does_it_hurt_to_put_a_retainer_in_after/ | {
"a_id": [
"exdtgzj",
"exdv4or"
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"score": [
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3
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"text": [
"They certainly do. It doesn't take all that much shifting for them to hurt, though, since the retainer gives them very little wiggle room. I have personally broken a retainer after going for a week without wearing it.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1qg0hh | When you cook something to 'bring out the flavor' what exactly is going on? | You hear cooking show chefs say it all of the time... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1qg0hh/when_you_cook_something_to_bring_out_the_flavor/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdcftxw"
],
"score": [
12
],
"text": [
"[Caramelization](_URL_0_) and [Maillard reaction](_URL_1_), mostly."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caramelization",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maillard_reaction"
]
] | |
2zo150 | how is it that if i put a gameboy game made for the original gameboy into a gameboy color, that the game is in full color? | I put a 1989 Super Mario Land game (and a few other early games)into my Gameboy Color and the game is in full color, and the colors make sense (e.g., Mario is red). How is it that it can be in color like that if it was made nearly 10 years before the Gameboy Color was made? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2zo150/eli5_how_is_it_that_if_i_put_a_gameboy_game_made/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpkq21f"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"The Game Boy Color was programmed to recognise certain high-profile Game Boy games and apply a specific palette to them. The original Game Boy only had 4 shades of grey, so the GBC cleverly maps each of the 4 shades to a different colour *accordi... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
vn1c4 | How would a continuous audio signal being sent from a ship travelling directly towards Earth at near light speed be perceived upon reception? | Assuming the ship is travelling at a sufficient proportion of light speed to cause time dilation effects to be generated, say a relativity factor of 2, would the audio be received at half speed, or double speed? Or, as the signal is travelling at light speed, would it be at normal speed?
If the ship took, for example,... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/vn1c4/how_would_a_continuous_audio_signal_being_sent/ | {
"a_id": [
"c55vtm6"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"You are calling it an \"audio signal\" but then are saying it is flying through space and that it is propagating at light speed. So I am assuming what you mean is it is sending out some electromagnetic signal (like a radio wave) which then a tune... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_Doppler_effect"
]
] | |
1opl33 | How did Turkey keep out of WWII? | Why did the Axis not invade Turkey after Bulgaria? Was access to the Middle East and Caucasia not attractive enough? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1opl33/how_did_turkey_keep_out_of_wwii/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccubkvr",
"ccuby0v",
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"ccucddz",
"ccukpzx",
"ccuqlxu"
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"score": [
5,
10,
411,
20,
46,
2
],
"text": [
"Germany signed a non-aggression pact with Turkey in 1941 to secure Germany's flank during the invasion of the Soviet Union. ",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.amazon.com/Ismet-In%C3%B6n%C3%BC-BRILL-1998-HEPER/dp/B004K850IU/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1382129150&sr=8-1&keywords=metin+heper+ismet+inonu",
"http://www.amazon.com/Turkey-History-Erik-J-Zurcher/dp/1860649580/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1382129256&sr=8-1&am... | |
uisvi | Do astronauts get sick in space/stop getting sick over a period of time? | Basically, if you sent astronauts in a sterile environment (ideally) into space - would they ever catch a cold? Get the flu? Would their immune systems eventually be able to fight off all contaminates within this environment over time? There are two scenarios here:
Send one person into space, in a sterile environme... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/uisvi/do_astronauts_get_sick_in_spacestop_getting_sick/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4vro17"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"Well you've pretty much answered your own question, eventually they would become immune to all present bacteria and viruses assuming that the people had good immune systems that completely removed the pathogen from their system. You do have to al... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1d9hi7 | What happened to the indigenous people of Newfoundland? | I recently read a reference to the indigenous inhabitants of Newfoundland that implied their fate was similar to that of the Tasmanian Aboriginals. I'm very ignorant about Canadian history, but I do know that the Tasmanian genocide was one of the blackest chapters in the history of my country. Is the fate of the native... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1d9hi7/what_happened_to_the_indigenous_people_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9o7efl",
"c9o9lri"
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"score": [
5,
8
],
"text": [
"Someone else may have to provide a more comprehensive answer, but it is my understanding that there has been some debate whether the extinction of the Beothuk people (the native inhabitants of Newfoundland) could be called a... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2ft0vd | What are the stains in my glasses when I look at the computer screen through them with sunglasses? | When I look at the screen through my regular eyeglasses and sunglasses lens combined, I find out that there are stains in my regular lenses. What are they and are they harmful to my sight?
Photos:
[Eyeglasses](_URL_1_)
[Eyeglasses + sunglasses](_URL_2_)
[Eyeglasses + sunglasses right by the camrea](_URL_0_) | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2ft0vd/what_are_the_stains_in_my_glasses_when_i_look_at/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckcl4dp"
],
"score": [
11
],
"text": [
"Oh oh this is so exciting!!! This relates directly to my area of specialty!\n\nFirst of all: they are not stains, and they are not harmful to your sight.\n\nSo light has a property known as [polarization.](_URL_0_) The following metaphor isn't p... | [] | [
"http://i62.tinypic.com/o7n03r.jpg",
"http://i60.tinypic.com/t6v786.jpg",
"http://i62.tinypic.com/11k9gn5.jpg"
] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_%28waves%29",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_glass_breakage"
]
] | |
2mfcms | Did the Roman Empire ever use propaganda? If so, how was it displayed/what would typically be featured? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2mfcms/did_the_roman_empire_ever_use_propaganda_if_so/ | {
"a_id": [
"cm3ql0x",
"cm3v1ap"
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"score": [
15,
7
],
"text": [
"One interesting way of communicating throughout the empire was via the images on coins. Fronts of coins would often display a dignified bust of the current (or putative) emperor, while the reverse would show a god or scene... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=94392.0;attach=230444;image",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curule_seat",
"http://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=1228912",
"http://www.forumancientcoins.com/moonmoth/hut_analysis.html"
],
[]
] | ||
6oegzu | Why did Rome begin conquering outside of its city-state territory? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6oegzu/why_did_rome_begin_conquering_outside_of_its/ | {
"a_id": [
"dkhi2f8"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Ancient Rome's territorial growth only began after the expulsion of the last Etruscan king, Tarquinius Superbus, in 509 BC. Tarquin campaigned against Rome all the way up to 496 BC, after which he died a year later. These battles, fought against ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
jar3b | Does time flow or is it a quantum? | With time being a quantum I mean there it being similar to frames of film running over a projector.
| askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/jar3b/does_time_flow_or_is_it_a_quantum/ | {
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"score": [
14,
4,
4,
14,
4,
4
],
"text": [
"I think your question is phrased poorly. What I assume you mean is \"Is time discrete or continuous?\" Whether it actually \"flows\" (... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle#Energy-time_uncertainty_principle"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle#Energy-time_uncertainty_principle"
]
] | |
1bnif3 | When did Turkey replace Chicken and Swan as the meat eaten on Christmas day? | What made the Turkey more popular then the Chicken?
Also did people consume any other meats on Christmas day? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1bnif3/when_did_turkey_replace_chicken_and_swan_as_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"c98ahb2"
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Chicken and goose as common Christmas meats for ordinary people do not pre date turkey meat in this context. Turkey was introduced to Europe in the late Tudor period and filtered down through the classes over several centuries as the meat became ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
30dios | why has yemen been target of drone strikes from usa and is it related with the current war right now? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/30dios/eli5why_has_yemen_been_target_of_drone_strikes/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpre824",
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"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Yemen has one of the most active and aggressive branches of al Qaeda which poses a major security threat to Saudi Arabia. They've also tried in the past to attack the US both through their own operations and by inspiring ho... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
thl4o | What effect (if any) would microgravity have on human pregnancy? | Would microgravity affect how the placenta forms? How the fetus grows? Bone growth? Could a human being born and raised in microgravity ever hope to land on a planet? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/thl4o/what_effect_if_any_would_microgravity_have_on/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4mqcej"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"In the order of your questions: Yes, Yes, Yes, and NO.\n\nGravity is apparently an essential stimulus for various types of cell and organ development in vertebrates including the nervous system and brain. \n\n\n\"Human pregnancy is counter indica... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CGYQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ijdb.ehu.es%2Fweb%2F%2Fpaper.php%3Fdoi%3D052077sc%26a%3Df&ei=EK2sT7SdH6udiAf6u7WMCQ&usg=AFQjCNH4na-k57nQCCnH4kqlxdPJ696V-g&sig2=HqVoV5PoRzBEDnxik7g1ww"
]
] | |
e0yuho | My grandmother says that basically nobody in east germany wanted to merge with west germany in 1989, they just wanted a right to travel. Is this true? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/e0yuho/my_grandmother_says_that_basically_nobody_in_east/ | {
"a_id": [
"f8lp0mi"
],
"score": [
794
],
"text": [
"No, that's not true, but there are understandable reasons why your grandmother might believe it. There are really two mistaken ideas in play here: that the East Germans did not want a reunification (they did), and that they only wanted the righ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.east-for-the-record.de/en/extras/aufbruch-89-neues-forum.html",
"https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/politics/germany-europe/two-plus-four-treaty",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3qVjwzgC2A&feature=emb_title",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gB8HJe3mQNc",
"https://blog.zeit... | ||
1gsw8u | How did the Romans, or other ancient civilizations, view and handle people with Alzheimer's? | What did they think caused it? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1gsw8u/how_did_the_romans_or_other_ancient_civilizations/ | {
"a_id": [
"canru15"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"It was much less common in ancient Rome than it is currently due to a younger demographic and shorter life e expectancy, so it was not a significant problem. \n\nTypical onset age of Alzheimer's is later older than 65 and affects 2% of the popula... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
f543x6 | why do dull razors cut you more when you’re shaving? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f543x6/eli5_why_do_dull_razors_cut_you_more_when_youre/ | {
"a_id": [
"fhwkl5i",
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"score": [
12,
5,
4
],
"text": [
"When something is sharper it cuts smoother and easier. Imagine trying to cut something and the blade is dull, it won’t cut very well or hardly at all. Same principle applies to a razor blade. It cuts h... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
pohpq | Can anybody help me understand time desynchronization for objects moving near the speed of light? | I'm reading "Relativity Visualized" by Lewis Carrol Epstein, and I'm trying to grasp the concept that certain events happen at different times for those moving very quickly and those observing the event from a static position.
I understand the experiment involving 3 space ships, where the one in the middle shoots radi... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/pohpq/can_anybody_help_me_understand_time/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3r0l4j"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"This gets asked a *lot*.\n\nYou normally travel along your time axis -- if you just sit around, your location doesn't change, but the time displayed on your wristwatch advances. Meanwhile, your spatial axes are aligned with the spatial axes of t... | [] | [
"http://imgur.com/a/ASrgD"
] | [
[]
] | |
38lvgd | What were the responsibilities of a sheriff in Plantagenet England? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/38lvgd/what_were_the_responsibilities_of_a_sheriff_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"crwa1n3"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"The Sheriff, who was usually a prominent landowner in the county (15 are mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, and only two do not own land) where he served, was an agent of the Crown with a wide-reaching set of responsibilities all effectively... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2cjmox | Why when I'm driving do I lose my satellite radio signal for the brief instant that I go under a bridge but my FM radio is completely fine? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2cjmox/why_when_im_driving_do_i_lose_my_satellite_radio/ | {
"a_id": [
"cjg9gvb",
"cjgaa3x"
],
"score": [
9,
4
],
"text": [
"Satellite radio uses a much higher frequency signal (GHz vs FM's MHz) and as such has different properties than FM radio. For your specific question, the high frequency means that it doesn't penetrate buildings or structure... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
5zuk1e | what causes food to stick to my pan, and what is the best way to prevent this (assuming i don't have non-stick, which i don't). | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5zuk1e/eli5_what_causes_food_to_stick_to_my_pan_and_what/ | {
"a_id": [
"df17av2"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"A lack of oil, overly cool pan, overly hot pan could all be reasons food sticks.\n\nTo prevent food from sticking, slightly heating the pan, and making sure there is adequate oil/grease in it. All of this is dependent on what kind of pans you are... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
36yftn | Is it possible to have conjoined triplets? | After reading [this article](_URL_0_), I started wondering if it would technically be possible for conjoined triplets to exist, and if so, how does it happen that only two out of three were conjoined in this case? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/36yftn/is_it_possible_to_have_conjoined_triplets/ | {
"a_id": [
"criay84",
"crie16c"
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"It would technically be possible yes though that would be a very complicated birth and even with recent technology would likely have an extremely low rate of survival for both mother and children. As to why only two were con... | [] | [
"http://www.medicaldaily.com/texas-mom-delivers-conjoined-twins-who-are-also-rare-identical-triplets-334040"
] | [
[],
[
"http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378%2804%2901826-5/abstract"
]
] | |
9qzog4 | why people are so paranoid about being spied on through their web cam? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9qzog4/eli5_why_people_are_so_paranoid_about_being_spied/ | {
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"score": [
95,
13,
15,
5,
36,
7,
3,
8,
4,
4,
5,
2,
2
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"Shodan.io"
],
[],
[],
[
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbins_v._Lower_Merion_School_District"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucRWyGKBVzo"
],
[
"https://www.insecam.org"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
3pq04k | How much iron is in the human body? | Similarly, how many people would it take to make a sword? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3pq04k/how_much_iron_is_in_the_human_body/ | {
"a_id": [
"cw8pxly"
],
"score": [
4
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"text": [
"Men have more iron than women, and a large number of people are iron deficient- its the most common nutritional deficiency in the world. The average total body iron is about [3.8g in men and 2.3g](_URL_1_) in women. In industrialized nations, i... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_deficiency"
]
] | |
5m5s09 | why is it so hard to reverse-engineer something? shouldn't it be simple to just copy the parts exactly? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5m5s09/eli5_why_is_it_so_hard_to_reverseengineer/ | {
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"score": [
... | [] | [] | [
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3ATupolev_Tu-4"
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"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmRryEjLW8I",
"http://www.moebius-lubricants.ch/en/products/oils",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nlw1NQQG... | ||
2009e4 | If the universe was scaled down to the point that the Milky was the size of a baseball, how far away would the Andromeda Galaxy be? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2009e4/if_the_universe_was_scaled_down_to_the_point_that/ | {
"a_id": [
"cfyll4j"
],
"score": [
73
],
"text": [
"Fun Question. So, The Milky way is about 100,000 light years in diameter. Andromeda is about 2.5 million light years away. So, Andromeda is about 25 time farther away than the milkyway is wide.\n\nA baseball is 7.3cm in diameter. 7.3cm * 25 = 1.... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1htjcn | food poisoning, what is going on in my body? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1htjcn/eli5_food_poisoning_what_is_going_on_in_my_body/ | {
"a_id": [
"caxs9x5"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It's mainly caused by bacteria that builds up in undercooked, improperly stored, or rotting food. It is your bodies reaction to Gastroenteritis means irritation and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract which include your throat and intestin... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2pcpa1 | Why were German soldiers and officers in WWII so well dressed compared to their Allied counter parts? | Ive always wondered this. (More specifically the SS but id like to know about the regulars as well.) | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2pcpa1/why_were_german_soldiers_and_officers_in_wwii_so/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmvjerb",
"cmvqcdx",
"cmvt0t1"
],
"score": [
15,
10,
6
],
"text": [
"Can you expand this question, as in, upon what evidence do you assert that there was a qualitative difference between the dress standards of the Germans vs the Allies? I wasnt aware there was one.\n",... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1grhvp/are_there_any_army_uniforms_though_history_that/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ktngd/why_exactly_did_the_nazi_uniforms_have_such_a/"
]
] | |
1e1bc9 | When did the concept of basic training come about in the military? Like the whole sergeant screaming in your face thing. | I hope everyone understands this question. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1e1bc9/when_did_the_concept_of_basic_training_come_about/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9vw2h3",
"c9w38qf"
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"score": [
9,
2
],
"text": [
"The 'sergeant screaming in your face' type of basic training largely emerged after the Second World War.\n\nS.L.A. Marshall's research during and after the Second World War found that 75 to 80 percent of riflemen *did not* f... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://bmgn.knhg.nl/N/Nimwegen__O._van_-_Het_Staatse_leger_en_de_militaire_revolut.pdf",
"http://collectie.legermuseum.nl/sites/strategion/contents/i004529/arma35%20prins%20maurits.pdf"
]
] | |
8wx96h | how are we able to touch fingertips from each hand together with our eyes closed? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8wx96h/eli5_how_are_we_able_to_touch_fingertips_from/ | {
"a_id": [
"e1z58r9",
"e1z5eor"
],
"score": [
7,
4
],
"text": [
"You do have sensory input though, through your sense of proprioception. Proprioception is the sense of the relative position of your body parts and strength of effort being used in movement. This information is sent to your ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2gtdoa | Would holding your pee help delay dehydration? | Is your body able to reuse any of the urine for certain purposes in moments of crisis, or is anything in your bladder total waste when it gets there? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2gtdoa/would_holding_your_pee_help_delay_dehydration/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckmdvct"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"No,\n\nThe epithelium of the bladder, (the \"urothelium\"), is relatively impermeable to water and solute. This is necessary to maintain the concentration gradient between the urine and blood and thus prevent the leakage of water, solute, or nit... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://ajprenal.physiology.org/content/283/2/F242"
]
] | |
2y8p48 | When explorers or conqestdors just claimed land that they found why didn't they claim the all the land they knew about | when let's say when Hudson found the Hudson Bay why didn't he claim all of ruperts land when he got there or all of Canada or North America wouldn't it be more useful if you just claimed all the land in the world there's no contention for land and your nation becomes the largest nation in the world is it rules of colon... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2y8p48/when_explorers_or_conqestdors_just_claimed_land/ | {
"a_id": [
"cp7lhr5"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"This is a question that relates to the development of public international law. When the european exploration started in earnest, Spain and Portugal (the first europeans to do so) divided the world between them. They signed - with papal support -... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
elksn1 | How fast do bacteria travel? | Say for example, my hands are dirty. How long would it take for bacteria to "crawl" all the way up to my arm? Do they "move faster" by reproduction/multiplication than by translation? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/elksn1/how_fast_do_bacteria_travel/ | {
"a_id": [
"fdj743q",
"fdjf7ou",
"fdkbxny"
],
"score": [
7,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"This question isn’t exactly clear, the speed of bacteria is dependent on several factors to including type, surroundings, energy, etc. but if you’re wondering how bacteria usually get around, most unice... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.pnnl.gov/science/highlights/highlight.asp?id=879"
],
[]
] | |
288ino | How do particles collide and bounce off on the quantum level? | As far as I know, a particle exists as a cloud of probability as long as it's position is uncertain, then when it is "observed" by anything and it's position collapses into a point the momentum becomes uncertain.
I assume anytime people say "is observed" it just means it interacts with something (since that's how we o... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/288ino/how_do_particles_collide_and_bounce_off_on_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"ci8uhrb"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"In my opinion, it would be more correct to say that in quantum physics, position and momentum are not part of the state of a system anymore. Instead, it is entirely defined by its wave function, from which you can calculate a particle's space-tim... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
c3gzzm | Nuclear bombs were described in science fiction prior to WW2. How far back can the concept of atomic fission weapons be dated? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/c3gzzm/nuclear_bombs_were_described_in_science_fiction/ | {
"a_id": [
"errkmxy"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"Nuclear fission was discovered in 1938. The previous concepts of \"atomic bombs\" were not fission-based. Rather, they tended to be based (per H.G. Wells) on the idea of induced radioactivity. That is, the idea that you could release the energy f... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
26fawj | why do streaming players buffer at different speeds even on the same internet connection? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26fawj/eli5_why_do_streaming_players_buffer_at_different/ | {
"a_id": [
"chqhvr9"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"A lot of variables can change the speed in which a player buffers—even on the same internet connection. Even though you may be on the same connection, the speed at which a web site is able to serve you content can be different, the file size can ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2wp462 | how come the adhesive on tape doesn't wear off when it's rolled around the dispensing circle, but it does after you've stuck it to anything else? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2wp462/eli5_how_come_the_adhesive_on_tape_doesnt_wear/ | {
"a_id": [
"cosuaot"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"The smooth side of the tape is prepared so that the adhesive doesn't bond well to it. If you've made stuff out of duct tape, you'll know this intuitively; to get your things to hold together, you have to use sticky-sticky joints."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
74im4p | why do humans sometimes crave bad food (taco bell, for example) instead of higher quality, better tasting alternatives (real mexican food)? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/74im4p/eli5_why_do_humans_sometimes_crave_bad_food_taco/ | {
"a_id": [
"dnyksf9",
"dnz6c8n"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"For the vast majority of our existence, evolution has pushed us to get whatever calories we can. We didn't get fat because we were more active and did not have huge surpluses of food.\n\nNow we're less active and have huge s... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
4a1gzk | How widespread were the concepts of the seven deadly sins and the seven heavenly virtues during the Middle Ages? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4a1gzk/how_widespread_were_the_concepts_of_the_seven/ | {
"a_id": [
"d0wp5qz"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Lists of the virtues and vices were *the* basis of medieval moral instruction in the later Middle Ages. The idea of virtues countering specific vices, too, was a bedrock principle of teaching. You see the prominence of vices-and-virtues right fro... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4k5xre | Is there any evidence to suggest that children who were married/taken as "lovers" in previous centuries suffered from similar psychological damage as contemporary victims of pedophilia and sexual abuse? | I know that the idea of "childhood" is a relatively new concept, but are there examples of people in history who behaved in unexpected ways or came to tragic ends who were married very young or sexually abused at a young age (by 2016 standards)?
Edit: I've barely gotten to read any of these yet but I'm excited to dive... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4k5xre/is_there_any_evidence_to_suggest_that_children/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3cm0hr",
"d3cor85",
"d3coyth",
"d3cpw89",
"d3cxpdo",
"d3d78z8",
"d3de46i"
],
"score": [
72,
69,
1341,
260,
41,
13,
11
],
"text": [
"What ages do you specifically mean by \"children\"?",
"Supplementary Q: how does the treatment of gi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/philo/book29.html"
],
[
"http://www.hawaii.edu/PCSS/biblio/articles/2000to2004/2004-sexual-behavior-in-pre-contact-hawaii.html"
],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/414167.Fasting_Girls"
]
] | |
442w12 | why does frying food create bubbles? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/442w12/eli5why_does_frying_food_create_bubbles/ | {
"a_id": [
"czmzncq"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"The oil used in frying is hotter than the boiling point of water. So when food touches it, the water contained in the food quickly boils, creating bubbles."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
bohn24 | how do password managers know your password without actually knowing your password? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bohn24/eli5_how_do_password_managers_know_your_password/ | {
"a_id": [
"engdz7t",
"engmtfq",
"engnsdd"
],
"score": [
4,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"You’re just missing a step.\nUser creates account and enters a password. Password is irreversibly encrypted (hashed). Encrypted password is stored on server.\nWhen logging in, the password entered is al... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
4ur1g0 | How do we get the first distance of a celestial object without having an other one? | I'm talking about very distant objects like a star | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4ur1g0/how_do_we_get_the_first_distance_of_a_celestial/ | {
"a_id": [
"d5s45i0",
"d5s4tlh"
],
"score": [
3,
6
],
"text": [
"You can figure out how far away the moon is if you know A. the diameter of the Earth and B. how long a lunar eclipse lasts. You have to assume the sun is much farther away and that the moon moves at constant speed. Then you ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1qipl8 | why does it seem like different parts of certain songs only come out of one headphone instead of both? e.g. "mr. brightside by the killers | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1qipl8/eli5_why_does_it_seem_like_different_parts_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdd6qy4",
"cdd6rmm",
"cdd6ruv"
],
"score": [
8,
2,
5
],
"text": [
"because different parts of certain songs do only come out of one headphone, by design.\n\nif you switch your audio to mono instead of stereo, they will come out of both.",
"It's either the way it wa... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
ck5ofr | - why is the process of cooling products down so much slower than heating them up? | Why is it that its so much quicker to heat something up rather than cool it (e.g. it takes a few minutes to boil water vs a few hours to freeze it)? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ck5ofr/eli5_why_is_the_process_of_cooling_products_down/ | {
"a_id": [
"evjhem8",
"evjigk0"
],
"score": [
2,
9
],
"text": [
"I mean if you dip something in liquid nitrogen itll cool down FAST. \n\nThe problem becomes whether or not its practical. Right now it's more practical to create fire which is super good at heating things up than removing ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
e5r85h | Can someone explain the physics behind powders forming mounds? | Why is it that when you drop a handful of sand or salt on a surface, it forms a mound? Can someone describe the physics of what's happening? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/e5r85h/can_someone_explain_the_physics_behind_powders/ | {
"a_id": [
"f9lpibr"
],
"score": [
16
],
"text": [
"It's called the Angle of Repose. When a granular material is poured out, there is a decreasing gradient of likelihood that any given grain falls in the exact center, so you get more grains in the middle, a little less a little further away, and ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
tt8i3 | How do kidney stones cause testicular pain? | I understand that it's referred pain, but I want to know which nerves are responsible. I'm guessing that it's the Ilioinguinal or Genitofemoral nerve (similar roots), because the ureters have autonomic innervation from T10-L1 and S2-4 (sympathetic and parasempathetic, respectively). Does anyone know which nerves are re... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/tt8i3/how_do_kidney_stones_cause_testicular_pain/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4pjwym"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"You have correctly guessed that referred pain to the scrotum travels along the illioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves. A third somatic nerve that refers pain to the scrotum is the posterior scrotal nerve. There are many other disease that can cau... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4ppycw | how does the nba draft work? | I'm Australian and drafts aren't done over here so it's a completely foreign subject. Over here, teams just offer people a place on spot much like you might be offered a job in the real world. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4ppycw/eli5_how_does_the_nba_draft_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"d4n05lf",
"d4n0ck4",
"d4n24uh"
],
"score": [
10,
5,
3
],
"text": [
"The draft exists in the interest of competitive balance. The NBA wants all 30 of its teams to offer a product to fans worth selling, and that can't happen if incoming players are free to sign contracts... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
efvc57 | How were people of different ethnicity treated in the Soviet Union? | Following r/PropagandaPosters I see a lot of Soviet posters trying to appease to the African Americans telling them how the American government and capitalism is oppressing them and how they would be equal under communism. What was the reality of that within the Soviet Union? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/efvc57/how_were_people_of_different_ethnicity_treated_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"fc3c0kq"
],
"score": [
28
],
"text": [
"This is a really big question for several reasons but primarily because when talking about something like how peoples of various ethnic backgrounds were perceived and treated in a nation-state like the Soviet Union, one has to take into consider... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
27l0z7 | how are spaceships able to land on the moon if it is constantly moving? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/27l0z7/eli5_how_are_spaceships_able_to_land_on_the_moon/ | {
"a_id": [
"ci1tjs6",
"ci1tkx4",
"ci1tm09",
"ci1ubxv",
"ci1vm82"
],
"score": [
19,
2,
2,
24,
3
],
"text": [
"How do you throw a ball to a man who is running? \n\nIt's the same thing. Throw/propel the object so its path intersects the future path of the 2nd object s... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFBftGe_dXQ"
],
[]
] | ||
7enogv | how do isps expect to retain their costumers without offering a neutral network? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7enogv/eli5_how_do_isps_expect_to_retain_their_costumers/ | {
"a_id": [
"dq69c65",
"dq69dg5",
"dq69h3s",
"dq69i6v"
],
"score": [
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"In the vast majority of areas there is only a single high speed internet supplier, usually the cable tv provider. They can do whatever they want.\n\nIn my are I can get cable tv hi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
dl0af3 | How do the center of planets/stars behave? | Is the material in the center of planets and stars just held there by the pressure of everything above it. Is it "weightless" in the center of planets/stars? It seems counter initiative that there is more mass outside the very center point of a planet/star so shouldn't that gravity be pulling it apart all around and aw... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/dl0af3/how_do_the_center_of_planetsstars_behave/ | {
"a_id": [
"f4p4ec2"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"Your intuition would be correct. The [shell theorem](_URL_0_) says that gravity from a hollow sphere of material will behave as follows: To someone inside of it, the gravity will cancel out. To someone outside of it, the gravity behaves in the s... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_theorem"
]
] | |
4lfxl9 | how do headphones produce more than one sound at once? | If there's only 1 vibrating surface inside your headphones, why can I hear all the different notes in a chord, or guitar and bass at the same time? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4lfxl9/eli5_how_do_headphones_produce_more_than_one/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3myv8d"
],
"score": [
17
],
"text": [
" > If there's only 1 vibrating surface inside your headphones, why can I hear all the different notes in a chord, or guitar and bass at the same time?\n\nIf there's only one vibrating surface inside your ear (your eardrum), why can you **hear** ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://static.nautil.us/1620_806beafe154032a5b818e97b4420ad98.jpg"
]
] | |
2laygc | What was Africa's influence if any, on ancient Japanese and Chinese culture? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2laygc/what_was_africas_influence_if_any_on_ancient/ | {
"a_id": [
"cltcex2"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"Well, here's a slice of something I read not too long ago. Not a huge influence but:\n\nYasuke (c. 1556-?) was a black (African) retainer who for a short time was in the service of the Japanese warlord Oda Nobunaga. The name \"Yasuke\" (彌介) was g... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasuke"
]
] | ||
1rhum8 | Why were women treated leniently by the British Justice system during the early modern period? (1500-1800) | I'm writing an essay about gendered assumptions and so far, with the exception of witchcraft, women were treated a lot more lightly by the courts and such. Is this due to Christian values or something? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1rhum8/why_were_women_treated_leniently_by_the_british/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdnpxpt"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Crime and Punishment in Eighteenth Century England by Frank McLynn has a chapter on women that addresses this. In short, for capital crimes other than murder, women were reprieved from execution much more than men. Also, women were more likely t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1ujzdw | I was told that many nursery rhymes were originally told by peasants to mask a message about politics or events so they wouldn't get in trouble. Any truth to this? | If so, what are some nursery rhymes about that most people don't know, and how did they spread? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ujzdw/i_was_told_that_many_nursery_rhymes_were/ | {
"a_id": [
"cejjot3"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"I will restrict my answer to my known field which is Germany. I am sure there are countless nursery rhymes over countless cultures and times that could be discussed. \n\nWhat is more likely is that they were not masked, but that the rhymes were o... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
c4p55k | where do protons and electrons come from? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c4p55k/eli5_where_do_protons_and_electrons_come_from/ | {
"a_id": [
"erxma3d",
"ery9piy",
"eryba9a"
],
"score": [
21,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Primitive particles created out of the energy released at the Big Bang. By about one second after that event, it's believed most of the protons we have today were already formed.",
"Protons and ne... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1mfera | What is the difference in gravity between the lowest and highest points on earth, and would it be noticeable to the average human? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1mfera/what_is_the_difference_in_gravity_between_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cc8r4ap"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"The radius of the Earth is about 6400 km. The highest point on Earth is at an altitude of nearly 9km (Mt. Everest). The lowest point on Earth on dry land is about .4km below sea level, next to the Dead Sea; the lowest point covered by water is ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Earth"
]
] | ||
796314 | Can nuclear power still be achievable without uranium? | I'm sorry if this is a bad question but I've recently been looking into nuclear power energy and it seems very efficient but the problem is that uranium isn't the safest element of them all. From what I've read, the reason uranium is used is that it's the easiest element to undergo nuclear fission (the splitting of ato... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/796314/can_nuclear_power_still_be_achievable_without/ | {
"a_id": [
"dozimg1",
"dozk74h"
],
"score": [
11,
2
],
"text": [
"Your options for a *fissile* fuel in a reactor are basically either uranium (233 or 235) or plutonium (239 or 241).\n\n > (meaning a potential nuclear meltdown that won't spread radiation)?\n\nThe fact that a reactor meltdo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium-based_nuclear_power"
]
] | |
biiv4q | would deep sea caves have normal air pressure so that humans could live in them or would they have the same pressure as the water at the depth? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/biiv4q/eli5_would_deep_sea_caves_have_normal_air/ | {
"a_id": [
"em0yw9k",
"em0z0fh",
"em15zhw"
],
"score": [
10,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"They have the same pressure as the water. If it were less, the water would flood in (squeezing the air) until it equalized.\n\nFYI, people can breathe pressurized air. But health problems can occur.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byford_Dolphin"
]
] | ||
akjhlo | Do dogs really love their owners, or are they just really good at getting us to feed them? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/akjhlo/do_dogs_really_love_their_owners_or_are_they_just/ | {
"a_id": [
"ef8fn7m",
"efe281g"
],
"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"Super subjective question and I’m no dog behavioralist, so this is speculative. Dogs are pack animals, the same as us. Love is a very strong emotion, and one of its primary functions is to bond members of a group together. A... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
i2qhf | Is it theoretically possible to create a 4d graphic engine with a 3d display? | Ok guys, so maybe it's a stupid question (I have no idea) but we all know it's possible to render a 3d graphic engine in a 2d display, we do it every day.
So, is it possible to use some sort of 3d display to render a 4d graphic engine?
Edit: I mean the 4th spatial dimention, of course, not time. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/i2qhf/is_it_theoretically_possible_to_create_a_4d/ | {
"a_id": [
"c20eoac",
"c20fkqz"
],
"score": [
10,
2
],
"text": [
"We don't render 3d graphics on a 2d display. We abuse various optical illusions that human eyes suffer from in order to make specific patterns of 2d graphics *look* 3d. Since our minds don't try to make things look 4d, ther... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3ff7ai | why are centimetres used regularly but centilitres aren't? | When measuring small distances, you might say that it was for example 25cm long. However, when measuring a small amount of liquid, you would say something like 250ml.
Why do we not say with 250mm or 25cl (depending on which you change) | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ff7ai/eli5_why_are_centimetres_used_regularly_but/ | {
"a_id": [
"cto2lda",
"cto3xft",
"cto5s2r"
],
"score": [
6,
2,
4
],
"text": [
"I would say it's because of convention. ml are used most commonly and people are used to using that rather than cl. The academic and scientific community decide this. It's just to make things easier for... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
256r9f | if the universe if infinitely big, then are there infinite versions of everyone doing the same thing at the same time? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/256r9f/eli5_if_the_universe_if_infinitely_big_then_are/ | {
"a_id": [
"che8z8e"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Well, also, at this point, the scientific consensus is that the universe is not infinitely big. Actually, at the point of becoming infinite, the word \"big\" loses all meaning.\n\nIt is still accepted that the universe might theoretically be inf... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
374p04 | in nascar or other car races, why doesn't everyone go the same max speed and finish in the same position that they started in? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/374p04/eli5_in_nascar_or_other_car_races_why_doesnt/ | {
"a_id": [
"crjnpya",
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"score": [
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6
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"text": [
"Drag. When you are directly behind another car, the wind isn't hitting the front of your car as hard as the car in front of you. Your engine doesn't have to work as hard, and because of this you can race up behind a car and ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
50bb1i | Why were so many UN and US prisoners killed by China and North Korea during the Korean War? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/50bb1i/why_were_so_many_un_and_us_prisoners_killed_by/ | {
"a_id": [
"d72qn3v",
"d73k28l"
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"score": [
60,
2
],
"text": [
"Look at the Korean War in two parts - pre-China and post-China.\n\nPre-China, the North Koreans were quite vicious. They did execute prisoners that had been captured and bound. They were fighting a war that was both fast an... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
90it3j | why wouldn't papa john always have 51% of stock issued to him. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/90it3j/eli5_why_wouldnt_papa_john_always_have_51_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"e2qpiuf",
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"score": [
16,
5,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Because there is no special privilege given to the founder of a company that is publicly traded. He’s a shareholder like everyone else.\n\nOr are you asking why he allowed other p... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.estately.com/blog/assets/470x317xpapa-john-schnatter-house-470x317.jpeg.pagespeed.ic.5I9BBgkSw0.webp"
]
] | ||
3bqsv7 | why do christians focus so much on the homosexuality part of leviticus but nothing else; i.e. shell fish, tattoos, not shaving... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3bqsv7/eli5_why_do_christians_focus_so_much_on_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"csollah",
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"cson8m5",
"csonlb8"
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"score": [
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6,
2,
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"text": [
"Well, the official answer is that the parts they don't focus on aren't intended to be taken literally, while others are. Figuring out w... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
hsg8y | Some questions on the nature of the stellar and interstellar environment. | 1. Is there a galactic magnetic field? What is its strength?
2.Does the solar bow shock point in the direction the sun is traveling, or towards the galactic center?
3. In what direction (expressed by a star or constellation) is the sun traveling?
Thank you for your time!
| askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hsg8y/some_questions_on_the_nature_of_the_stellar_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1y0z54",
"c1y1pm9",
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"score": [
2,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"1. There are galactic magnetic fields. Not sure on the strength. Also there is the cosmic microwave background\n\n2. Well, bow shocks are created when interstellar materials \"collide\" with stellar win... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Milky_Way_Spiral_Arm.svg"
],
[
"http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.2938"
]
] | |
4dj4zj | How were empires such as Byzantium and the Ottomans able to field armies in the tens of thousands (or even 100,000) while western armies a fraction that size had issues with starvation? What were the respective logistical networks like? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4dj4zj/how_were_empires_such_as_byzantium_and_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"d1riw49"
],
"score": [
110
],
"text": [
"I can't really speak to Byzantine armies, but I can tell you a fair bit about Ottoman armies. \n\nFirst of all, it's important to remember that the vast majority of Ottoman armies weren't professional soldiers. They weren't even part-time soldi... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3si7us | What was life on the Soviet Homefront like during the course of World War 2? | I've heard a lot about rationing and the entry of women into the workforce in America, enduring the blitz (and rationing) in Britain, rationing and preparing for invasion in Japan, and the progress of ever-more-pervasive propaganda and the advent of Total war in Germany as the facade of the invincible third reich crack... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3si7us/what_was_life_on_the_soviet_homefront_like_during/ | {
"a_id": [
"cwxvefl"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Hey, can't answer all your questions but since I am working around the Siege of Leningrad I can answer a few that I have encounterd in my research:\n\nAbout the evacuation of civilians from the frontlines it seems people where reluctant to do tha... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6uskli | Any books on the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian Gentry? | I've been struggling to find any good books on Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian Gentry and nobility specifically between 1500-1900, so I was wondering if anyone had some good suggestions? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6uskli/any_books_on_the_bosnian_croatian_and_serbian/ | {
"a_id": [
"dlvblzk",
"dlyzygm"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Hey OP! \n\nI just wanted to drop a line here - I've noticed that you've asked this question quite a number of times and unfortunately you've had no luck here so far. Is there anything the mod team might be able to do to ass... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.ffzg.unizg.hr/pov/pov2/file.php?folder=silabusi0809&file=dipl_plemstvo",
"https://books.google.hr/books/about/Agrarni_odnosi_u_Hrvatskoj_od_sredine_XV.html?id=mt_SAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y",
"http://www.ffzg.unizg.hr/pov/pov2/file.php?folder=silabusi0910&file=izb_Iveljic_Plems... | |
8ibq3s | how do astronauts deal with swallowing, going to the bathroom and other functions when there is no gravity? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8ibq3s/eli5_how_do_astronauts_deal_with_swallowing_going/ | {
"a_id": [
"dyqijze",
"dyql795",
"dyqpeqp"
],
"score": [
9,
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Humans can swallow against gravity through muscle contractions called *peristalsis*, and waste elimination in EVA suits is accomplished with diapers. As simple as that sounds that's all it is.",
"Gr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2gwp2o | Why do you think women are basically nonexistent in history textbooks? | I have taken 2 history courses in college and am currently in my last history class. While reading the text books, it's like women were none existent throughout history, except for the occasional mentioning of successful women. When I'm doing my readings, it's just a long narrative of all the accomplishments of men and... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2gwp2o/why_do_you_think_women_are_basically_nonexistent/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckn845v",
"cknb2en"
],
"score": [
3,
13
],
"text": [
"I'm curious - what particular history courses did you take?",
"There are a number of reasons for the general underrepresentation of women in these textbooks. Women’s and gender history are often specialized fields withi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
i62c2 | What are the holes in leaves (in trees/shrubs) usually caused by? | From childhood, i was led to believe that they were mostly caused by caterpillars. But I look around and see no caterpillars. I'm sure the caterpillar would stick around, since the caterpillar is slow-moving anyways. What else could cause these holes? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/i62c2/what_are_the_holes_in_leaves_in_treesshrubs/ | {
"a_id": [
"c216wsp"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Most of them pre-butterfly lifeforms (wurms), thems that munch leaves, have a tendency to eat at night and hide during the day, cos dem flappy bird thingies find them scrumptious.\n\nSometimes, dem flappy bird things, they get up real early and c... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6u7q91 | besides strong mental game, what's the science behind people breaking bricks and other tough materials during martial art shows? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6u7q91/eli5_besides_strong_mental_game_whats_the_science/ | {
"a_id": [
"dlqlh5z",
"dlqn7w9"
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"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"It depends. Sometimes it is a performance trick, and there's really nothing much behind it other than circus trickery.\n\nAt other times, it comes about as a slow process of 'conditioning' the hand whereby the bones and conn... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2b4f9g/eli5_how_is_it_that_practiced_martial_artists_are/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1axsab/eli5_how_do_martial_artists_break_concrete_with/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/pngja/eli5_how_can_... | ||
36ds8x | Does the earth's atmosphere rotate in sync with the rotation of the earth? If so, are the two somehow connected? What keeps them from turning independently? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/36ds8x/does_the_earths_atmosphere_rotate_in_sync_with/ | {
"a_id": [
"crd5781"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"The atmosphere rotates with the earth due to frictional effects in the [planetary boundary layer.](_URL_0_) At the top of the atmosphere where it thins out into space, there are no surfaces to rub against and thus no frictional force. Therefor... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_boundary_layer",
"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2001JD900028/abstract"
]
] | ||
g0dwrb | how much is the pope's power controlled by others (as in checks and balances), is he like the president of the church? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/g0dwrb/eli5_how_much_is_the_popes_power_controlled_by/ | {
"a_id": [
"fn97gyw"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"Papal authority has been debated many times in the past, and the answer still isn't quite clear. In the most recent Church council, the Second Vatican Council of 1962-1965, the supremacy and infallibility of the pope was confirmed, but also adde... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
x887m | Was the sky different colors through its history? | I know the sky is the color it is because the current gases and their density absorb some colors and reflect mostly blue. However, the gases and composition of the atmosphere have changed over billions of years some number of times, so has the color changes as well? Was it ever more green or red? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/x887m/was_the_sky_different_colors_through_its_history/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5k595d",
"c5k69l8"
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"score": [
7,
6
],
"text": [
"The wavelengths of light involved in [Rayleigh scattering](_URL_0_) (the process that makes the sky appear blue) are independent of the composition of the atmosphere. The Rayleigh scattering factor is inversely proportional ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh_scattering"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_winter",
"http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/node/61"
]
] | |
171brv | R/AskHistorians, were there any songs that soldiers sung during times of war that truly frightened or significantly impacted the other side? | I've been interested ever since reading somewhere that when Union soldiers sung "The Battle Cry of Freedom" during the civil war, it made Confederate soldiers uneasy. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/171brv/raskhistorians_were_there_any_songs_that_soldiers/ | {
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"c81hez4"
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"score": [
14,
4,
26,
11,
6,
3,
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7,
3
],
"text": [
"This might be a bit outside what you were looking for, but during t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKRogpFUaY0",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUsePoATbrU",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwvazMc5EfE"
],
[
"http://youtu.be/ODM1RJe4FvQ",
"http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-08-27/nz-soldiers-perform-giant-haka-in-honour-of-dead-comrades/4225346"
],
... | |
4w0sk3 | Do monkey teeth rot as badly as a humans teeth do? | I have trouble believing that people evolved in such a way that we die of rotting teeth by sometime in our mid-thirties without modern medicine... What gives? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4w0sk3/do_monkey_teeth_rot_as_badly_as_a_humans_teeth_do/ | {
"a_id": [
"d647alj",
"d68qer5"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"There is no difference in the composition of human and monkey teeth. Unlike humans however, monkeys generally do not eat much raw sugar or starch.\nHere is a study where they examined the teeth of 10 dead chimpanzees and onl... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2801914"
],
[]
] | |
1vda93 | if someone makes a will, how can people challenge it and be given what was willed to someone else? | No examples. I don't understand any of the situations that this has been allowed in. Isn't that the point of a will in the first place? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1vda93/eli5_if_someone_makes_a_will_how_can_people/ | {
"a_id": [
"cer58rt"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Ok in ELI5 terms:\n\n+ Sometimes it isn't legal to distribute assets/money the way it is willed\n\nFor example, in most countries if a person dies and has underage children, the law says that a certain % goes to the children, no matter what the w... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3h5exi | Has there been any attempt of genetically modifying trees to yield wood with better material properties? | Would it be possible? or is there something intrinsic to the nature of trees or wood that makes this impossible? Could a superwood be created to replace metals in some applications? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3h5exi/has_there_been_any_attempt_of_genetically/ | {
"a_id": [
"cu4xmy9"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"To create a \"superwood\" would take an incredible amount of modification. obviously some woods (i.e hardwoods) are stronger than others (i.e. softwoods), but think of wood almost like human tissue. The consistency is dependent on the biology of... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1pngue | what makes things spicy, why does it hurt, and how do people build up an immunity? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1pngue/eli5_what_makes_things_spicy_why_does_it_hurt_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cd42c5r"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"capsaicin, the oil in a hot pepper, affects receptors in your system in a way that makes them think the are being burnt. It hurts because your body really believes it is being burned & in extreme cases even swells and inflames as it it had bee... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
27ctjj | the origination of the porn suffix to subreddits. | I've always been curious - yet never found any answer (not even here!) for why it's called earthporn, foodporn, pornporn etc,. I don't know where it came from or why it sticks. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/27ctjj/eli5_the_origination_of_the_porn_suffix_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"chzkbyy"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
" > why it sticks\n\nheh.\n\nAlso, it comes from the idea that porn is images or videos of things that make you aroused or turns you on basically. So if you go to /r/foodporn , you will see images of food that is pleasurable to look at, it makes y... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7gn4uu | Is there a way to determine the amount of photons that the sun radiates every second? | By extension, what is the amount of those photons that we receive here on earth?
Also, how come that the light from other stars is so dim? What happens to all the photons that are sent towards us? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7gn4uu/is_there_a_way_to_determine_the_amount_of_photons/ | {
"a_id": [
"dqkkzpz"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
" > what is the amount of those photons that we receive here on earth?\n\nA star radiates its photons in every direction almost equally. A simple way of calculating this is just to take how much of the sky as seen from the Sun is covered by Earth.... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
860lno | does anybody knows the difference between bachelor of art and bachelor of science? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/860lno/eli5_does_anybody_knows_the_difference_between/ | {
"a_id": [
"dw1gpja",
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3,
14,
3
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"text": [
"It has to do with the core requirements you take. For a BA you usually have to take a specific amount of credits of a language as well as more college of lib... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2qlxi2 | what is computing power? what do people mean when they say "your phone has twice the computing power nasa had to send man to the moon"? | And how do we gain more computing power? Is it a physical thing that happens in the computer? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2qlxi2/eli5_what_is_computing_power_what_do_people_mean/ | {
"a_id": [
"cn7aixq",
"cn7ajxs"
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"score": [
2,
4
],
"text": [
"Basically computers just do a lot of calculations, so more computing power = faster and faster calculations.",
"\"Computing power\" generally means the number of operations a computer is able to perform per second. Of co... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
646xvk | why do cars tick when they're hot after stopping? | I have noticed that cars, particularly more modern sports cars, tend to make a ticking noise when cooling down after being driven hard. Is this due to the cooling system itself or just a byproduct of the engine being hot? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/646xvk/eli5_why_do_cars_tick_when_theyre_hot_after/ | {
"a_id": [
"dg01slx",
"dg11ype"
],
"score": [
9,
2
],
"text": [
"My understanding is that it is the hot parts on the car expand and contract based on how hot they are. \n So as the parts cool and shrink a bit they move ever so slightly and make a small noise.\nAlot of the time it tends to... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
24eadf | Can someone explain what made the "Tyrants of Syracuse" tyrants? Were these tyrants originally Greek/Roman/Punic or was this a completely independent culture? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/24eadf/can_someone_explain_what_made_the_tyrants_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"ch6bjlp"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"\"Tyrant\", or rather *tyrannos*, was a Greek word for any absolute ruler whose power was obtained by gift, usurpation, or popular revolution. That is to say, the difference between a king (*basileus*) and a tyrant is that a king's power is inher... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2z6gj6 | how does fps change from 30-60+ create weird bugs in games? | After looking at the recent Dragon Ball Xenoverse update, I noticed that a lot of the issues were bugs relating to the FPS, like:
> • The Z-Soul 'You can be the first victim' now works properly and gives full bars of Ki when activated. This issue tends to happen with 60 FPS framerate.
> •The Z-Soul 'Tien, Please ... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2z6gj6/eli5how_does_fps_change_from_3060_create_weird/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpg3bcf"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"I can't speak to this game specifically, but a common reason for things to get weird with changes in framerate comes from the way games generally handle time tracking.\n\nYou've probably heard of 'ticks' - a 'tick' with respect to a game is 1 uni... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
383oqi | How was food sweetened before the discovery of sugar and the Americas? | How was food sweetened or was it sweetened at all? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/383oqi/how_was_food_sweetened_before_the_discovery_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"crs1bzv"
],
"score": [
17
],
"text": [
"Sugarcane is not native to the Americas, and sugar (crystallized sugar) was not discovered in the Americas.\n\nSugarcane is native to South and Southeast Asia. About the 8th century AD, it was discovered in India how to turn sugarcane juice int... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2pe42s | how does immune response work? does my body have a database of which antibodies it can send out how does it know what infection to fight? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2pe42s/eli5_how_does_immune_response_work_does_my_body/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmvtthq"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Yes. Your immune system keeps a \"database\" of [Memory B cells](_URL_0_) in your lymph nodes, where each B cell remembers how to make one specific type of antibody. If you get an infection, your immune system cells exchange chemical messages [in... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_B_cell",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system"
]
] | ||
1cjqcs | How are biosynthetic pathways with a known end product determined? | As an example [caffeine](_URL_0_) is produced in plants by methylating the nucleotide portion of a neucleoside and removing the ribose sugar.
For this example how is it determined what enzymes are involved in the pathway. How the plant goes from a normal eukaryotic metabolite (hormones, lipids, amino acids, etc) to a ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1cjqcs/how_are_biosynthetic_pathways_with_a_known_end/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9h8hkt",
"c9hc22t"
],
"score": [
8,
2
],
"text": [
"It can be a really long, painstaking process that takes many years. The two biggest tools at our disposal are biochemistry and genetics. Biochemical assays would start by first isolating the compound and seeing what it looks... | [] | [
"http://www.bioscience.org/2004/v9/af/1364/figures.htm"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
55dujh | why does jupiter have 67 moons when we only have one? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/55dujh/eli5_why_does_jupiter_have_67_moons_when_we_only/ | {
"a_id": [
"d89oioj",
"d89ox2e",
"d89p1mk"
],
"score": [
4,
6,
3
],
"text": [
"Well, jupiter is also 12 times the size of earth and has a lot more gravitational strength.",
"Earth's moon is pretty big by moon standards, which would prevent the formation of other moons in orbit... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8k6tZZpz7Cg"
]
] | ||
a9yyo4 | why is the frost on my car on a cold morning usually worse on 1 side of the car? and specifically on only 1 side view mirror? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a9yyo4/eli5_why_is_the_frost_on_my_car_on_a_cold_morning/ | {
"a_id": [
"ecnjxfw"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"One side of your car is either warmer or subject to more humidity than the other. \n\nThis can happen for any number of reasons. The most common is the icy side being turned to the west or north, away from the Sun. The second-most common is there... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
25a6lq | What is the longest an electrical outage can be without causing everything to turn off and need to start up again? | So just a few minutes ago there was a power outage, one that lasted a fraction of a second. It was a very small amount of time, yet all of the electronics in my house need to be reset. I'm sure there is some tolerance for near instantaneous electrical outages, ones so short that there is no noticeable effect to them, m... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/25a6lq/what_is_the_longest_an_electrical_outage_can_be/ | {
"a_id": [
"chf80jj"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"So it depends on two things: the kind of current the device is using, and how the power supply is made. Any device working on Alternating Current has a low tolerance for interruption, in the exception of heating coils. This is because an attribut... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
t3hrs | startups and the stages of raising money | I've heard things like Angel investors, and Type A's. WTH are they? What do they tell us about the "health" or "state" of a startup? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/t3hrs/eli5_startups_and_the_stages_of_raising_money/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4j8ics"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"A startup is simply a recently formed company. To get a company off the ground, it usually needs capital to operate and grow.\n\nAs a startup grows, it requires varying amounts of capital to expand. As it grows larger, it may need more capital ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1m4c54 | for any offroaders out there, how exactly do locking differentials work, or lockers for short. | Like ARB's air lockers, OX lockers, etc. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1m4c54/eli5_for_any_offroaders_out_there_how_exactly_do/ | {
"a_id": [
"cc5naww"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"there are basically 3 types of traction aid: Limited slip (aka Positraction) Locker (ie Detroit) and spool (aka Lincoln locker)\n\nThe limited slip usually uses clutches and transfers power from a spinning tire to a non-spinning tire. There is at... | [] | [] | [
[]
] |
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