q_id
stringlengths
5
6
title
stringlengths
3
301
selftext
stringlengths
0
39.2k
document
stringclasses
1 value
subreddit
stringclasses
3 values
url
stringlengths
4
132
answers
dict
title_urls
list
selftext_urls
list
answers_urls
list
26hfxz
Why do satellites' orbits degrade?
I was thinking about this and couldn't come up with an answer. I thought possibly dust and debris in space would provide resistance that would slow the satellite. Alternatively do they degrade at the same rate as planetary orbits do, but their smaller period makes the degradation faster?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/26hfxz/why_do_satellites_orbits_degrade/
{ "a_id": [ "chr4cmx", "chr5984" ], "score": [ 7, 6 ], "text": [ "Atmospheric drag is the prime cause of orbital decay for satellites that orbit (comparatively) close to the Earth. The atmosphere does not stop abruptly at the edge of space; it tapers off gradually. There is still enough at...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
b8q39l
Were crowns ever altered?
Whenever monarchs wore crowns of rare metals and such, were the crowns ever redesigned or reshaped to fit the next person who took it up? If so, were such changes frowned upon for potentially damaging the crown just because the new owner could not cope with the minor discomfort when they're expected to rule over all?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/b8q39l/were_crowns_ever_altered/
{ "a_id": [ "ejzg5pg" ], "score": [ 10 ], "text": [ "Hi! I have an answer to an earlier question that I think will help you out:\n\n* [What happened if the crown didn't fit?](_URL_0_)\n\nHere's the most relevant bit:\n\n[Some kingdoms did have crowns passed down from monarch to monarch, but rarely...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5yuhxi/what_would_happen_if_the_crown_was_literally_too/det6eb6/" ] ]
l2dir
If the early atmosphere didn't have an ozone layer, how did cyanobacteria survive to produce oxygen?
Tried to fit most of the question in the title. The prevailing theory is (to my knowledge) that cyanobacteria produced most of the oxygen that led to the mass global extinction of organisms that didn't use it, but if there wasn't an ozone layer prior to there being oxygen (and UV light kills things) how did cyanobacter...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/l2dir/if_the_early_atmosphere_didnt_have_an_ozone_layer/
{ "a_id": [ "c2p8azh", "c2p8azh" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "UV isn't necessarily completely lethal to cyanaobacteria. Modern day cyanobacteria actually have quite a few defense mechanisms against UV exposure.\n\n[This website lists quite a few mechanisms](_URL_0_)\n\nSome of which ar...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/The_Responses_of_Cyanobacteria_to_UV-B_Irradiation", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Oxygenation_Event" ], [ "http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/The_Responses_of_Cyanobacteria_to_UV-B_Irradiation", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Oxygenatio...
4yb0k3
Arrows seem to be universal. Is there a time line of who/where invented the bow and arrow first. Or who when?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4yb0k3/arrows_seem_to_be_universal_is_there_a_time_line/
{ "a_id": [ "d6mmfdo", "d6mrtqc" ], "score": [ 9, 4 ], "text": [ "This is more of an archaeology question since bows are prehistoric. The oldest bow found is the 'Holmegaard bow' found in a bog in Denmark, dated from 7500BC. This is the earliest proof of a bow, but not the first. It just h...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/science#wiki_origins_and_dispersal_of_bow_.26amp.3B_arrow_technology" ] ]
z2i22
how is it that a googlemaps accessed thru a fixed broadband connection (adsl) can find my exact address on a map?
I understand how a 3g network like on a mobile phone can locate me, but I was on google maps on my google nexus tablet (connected via wi-fi) and it found my exact street address? How is this possible unless google has access to my ISP details who have my physical address listed? This also leads to the question, if I ha...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/z2i22/eli5_how_is_it_that_a_googlemaps_accessed_thru_a/
{ "a_id": [ "c60w4fg", "c60x99c", "c60x9sp" ], "score": [ 4, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "Your nexus 7 has GPS bro.", "This is copy/pasted from Google:\n\"Google Maps obtains your location from your web browser, through its Geolocation feature. When you activate the My Location feature, ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
3cridi
how did seemingly uneducated individuals such as the wright brothers and john moses browning accomplish such feats of engineering?
Is it related to the time period? This question applies especially to the wright brothers, since aerospace is such a difficult area of research.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3cridi/eli5_how_did_seemingly_uneducated_individuals/
{ "a_id": [ "csy9yzs", "csya3qp" ], "score": [ 12, 11 ], "text": [ "A proper education is just formalizing the process of getting knowledge. Just because they didn't go to school for aerospace engineering doesn't mean they were clueless on the subject matter.\n\nThe levels of details and f...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
6pc6l4
why is out of school suspension used as a punishment for students when getting out of school for a long period of time is almost generally enjoyed?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6pc6l4/eli5why_is_out_of_school_suspension_used_as_a/
{ "a_id": [ "dko6o8i", "dko8ugo", "dko8wrd", "dkoaq15", "dkocv6q", "dkodpxj", "dkog79h", "dkoipsx", "dkom3aa", "dkop75f" ], "score": [ 66, 18, 20, 3, 2, 28, 116, 6, 6, 15 ], "text": [ "School suspension puts you behind in clas...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5kbvkj/eli5_why_is_suspension_from_school_a_punishment/" ], [], [] ]
2ju40i
st. thomas aquinas's argument from motion
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ju40i/eli5_st_thomas_aquinass_argument_from_motion/
{ "a_id": [ "clf32nm", "clf32rc", "clf3dco", "clf62x0" ], "score": [ 3, 2, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "It's the \"first mover\" argument that is still alive today. If things are \"in motion\" and we observe that things that are not in motion must be put in motion by an agent or act...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
2nt9ly
what would happen to me if i were to drink only salt water?
Not sure if I'd die of dehydration or not.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2nt9ly/eli5_what_would_happen_to_me_if_i_were_to_drink/
{ "a_id": [ "cmgncy2", "cmgndck", "cmgndwu", "cmgnkkk" ], "score": [ 9, 3, 3, 4 ], "text": [ "You would definitely die. Your body cannot effectively filter the salt out of the saltwater and so your mental state would deteriorate, and you would dehydrate and die.", "The ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
1yjq4c
Book suggestions for learning about the 30 Years War
I'm extremely interested in learning anything from the 1600's - 1700's and more specifically, the 30 Years War. I'm looking for any and all books suggestions that will help me understand this era better. Thanks in advanced for any suggestions! I absolutely love this subreddit.
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1yjq4c/book_suggestions_for_learning_about_the_30_years/
{ "a_id": [ "cfladwh" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Check out [The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy by Peter H. Wilson](_URL_0_) . I'm not a scholar and I'm obviously not flaired, but I read this book two years ago and, though it can be a bit of a slog, I haven't found anything better yet about ...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://www.amazon.com/The-Thirty-Years-War-Europes/dp/0674062310" ] ]
jez5m
Where does kinetic energy go when mass is destroyed?
Imagine a lump of radioactive material. Traveling through space. Over time it decays down releasing energy as heat and some of it's mass is destroyed. What happens to the energy associate to that mass as a result of it's velocity? This problem entered my brain while I was thinking about the pioneer anomaly. For those ...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/jez5m/where_does_kinetic_energy_go_when_mass_is/
{ "a_id": [ "c2bjksg", "c2bjksg" ], "score": [ 3, 3 ], "text": [ "First of all, it's easiest to imagine an object in its center of mass frame. Let's say you have a Carbon 14 nucleus at rest, and it beta decays into Nitrogen 14. Then you'll have the nitrogen nucleus moving one way, an elect...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
1ex5kc
why is java popular and why did google write android os in java?
Java has large support from companies and Google wrote the Android OS in Java. Why do companies like Java so much and why did Google write android OS in Java? Personally, I dislike Java because of the wordy syntax, the lack of operator over loading, concurrency is needlessly hard, and functions are not first order.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ex5kc/eli5_why_is_java_popular_and_why_did_google_write/
{ "a_id": [ "ca4mvls", "ca4t5cw", "ca4tn88" ], "score": [ 3, 3, 3 ], "text": [ " > why did Google write android OS in Java?\n\nIt was written mostly in C, but also in C++, and some in other languages including Java. Only about 10% was written in Java.\n\n\n\n", "Java initiall...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "http://www.fosspatents.com/2011/07/judge-orders-overhaul-of-oracles.html" ] ]
2c71l3
what is that purplish gunk i spit out when i use the "crest" mouthwash?
Is it supposed to be the bacteria it kills or is it reacting with some enzyme in my saliva?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2c71l3/eli5_what_is_that_purplish_gunk_i_spit_out_when_i/
{ "a_id": [ "cjcnjfn", "cjcp8o8" ], "score": [ 2, 3 ], "text": [ "Agreed I always wanted to know this.\n\nWe are talking about the non-alcohol mouth wash.\n\nWhen you spit it out it has like protein chains gunked together ", "You're talking about the Pro-Health stuff, right? The gunk y...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2008/04/24/the-mouthwash-debate.html" ] ]
ltd82
Why does a fully gestated human baby seem so much less developed and lack the motor skills than the full term babies of other species?
There may be a very obvious answer, but it seems to go against logic and my understanding of evolution.
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ltd82/why_does_a_fully_gestated_human_baby_seem_so_much/
{ "a_id": [ "c2vg1ms", "c2vg3s3", "c2vg6ha", "c2vggtt", "c2vghdu", "c2vgme0", "c2vjq59", "c2vg1ms", "c2vg3s3", "c2vg6ha", "c2vggtt", "c2vghdu", "c2vgme0", "c2vjq59" ], "score": [ 13, 150, 28, 8, 3, 5, 2, 13, 150, 28, ...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248407002035" ], [], [ "http://www.ted.com/talks/alison_gopnik_what_do_babies_think.html" ], [], [], [ "http://www.marksloanmd.com/books.html" ], [], [ "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00472484070020...
33qn0q
Why do Native Americans use English translations of their surnames instead of their indigenous languages? When and how did this custom start?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/33qn0q/why_do_native_americans_use_english_translations/
{ "a_id": [ "cqo74nf", "cqo9n4s" ], "score": [ 9, 7 ], "text": [ "Piggyback question: why is *Tiger* such a popular name for the Miccosukee (and maybe the larger Seminole Nation)? There are no tigers in Florida, and panthers are exceedingly rare. ", "During the boarding school era, stu...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Indian_boarding_schools" ] ]
5jkdg4
Was Tsar Nicholas II responsible for his own downfall?
I've posted about a similar topic before and you're all really helpful, so I figured I'd ask your opinion of this. Can he be seen as responsible for his own downfall, or can we attribute this to other factors, eg the cunning of the Bolsheviks or social conditions that existed in Russia before he became Tsar? Also, d...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5jkdg4/was_tsar_nicholas_ii_responsible_for_his_own/
{ "a_id": [ "dbh40rs" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "I actually had this question, in a slightly different form, on my Russian History final. The question there was: Did the Romanovs, Rasputin or historical forces lead to the collapse of the Tsarist regime. I will try to answer this as best as I ca...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1jwnlu
How does aging work? Did people age the same way 100 or 1000 years ago?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1jwnlu/how_does_aging_work_did_people_age_the_same_way/
{ "a_id": [ "cbj0sdb" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "Aging was pretty much the same 100 and 1000 years ago. It's not exactly true that people didn't live as long hundreds of years ago. What's true is that the life expectancy was lower, but that was mainly due to much higher rates of death during in...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
r9nf0
why do women run differently compared to men?
Things like hands moving differently. Does the female anatomy significantly have different balance compared to men?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/r9nf0/why_do_women_run_differently_compared_to_men/
{ "a_id": [ "c445k8b", "c446417" ], "score": [ 3, 2 ], "text": [ "Different pelvis & bone structure ", "Walking or running with wide-set legs causes the body to rotate more as each leg is thrust forward (see [the way geese waddle](_URL_2_) for an example). \n\nYou may have noticed th...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/257323/257323,1255377677,181/stock-photo-full-length-walking-woman-red-skirt-38800855.jpg", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5syLUGKwUiM", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxKvChqvCBo&feature=related", "http://static2.bigstockphoto.com/t...
4lhdfb
how do interest work in a savings bank account?
I'm embarrassed to say that I still don't quite get the principles of interest rates at all. I do know that the higher it is, the more the amount increases especially if you have loans and credit. In a bank savings account, how does interest work? I've received cents or sometimes a dollar deposited to my account. I g...
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4lhdfb/eli5_how_do_interest_work_in_a_savings_bank/
{ "a_id": [ "d3nb3sv", "d3nb3tk", "d3ndvvb" ], "score": [ 3, 3, 3 ], "text": [ "Basically when you deposit money into a bank, the bank uses it to fuel their investments. The bank makes their money off of their investments. Since they are using your money to make their money, they g...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
9txrki
What is stopping islands from eroding away?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9txrki/what_is_stopping_islands_from_eroding_away/
{ "a_id": [ "e901kkh", "e904ntj", "e908rrw", "e908swo" ], "score": [ 137, 25, 5, 3 ], "text": [ "Nothing. They do erode away. Here's one that went missing (i.e. eroded away) recently: [_URL_1_](_URL_1_) \n\nAtolls are formed by erosion of the island: [_URL_0_](_URL_2_...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/corals/media/supp\\_coral04a.html", "https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/japan-island-disappears-scli-intl/index.html", "https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/corals/media/supp_coral04a.html" ], [], [ "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Hawa...
5zpg3n
we were just taught how to calculate huge powers like 10^5 raised to the power 10^5 raised to the power something else. why do we need such numbers?
The question said that as the numbers are too huge we have to provide its modulo with 10^9+7. We used Chinese remainder theorem and Fermat's little theorem and whatnot. So my question is are such Numbers needed in real life or are we just calculating these because we can?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5zpg3n/eli5_we_were_just_taught_how_to_calculate_huge/
{ "a_id": [ "dezybvy", "dezygjc", "df039h4" ], "score": [ 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Huge numbers are needed to describe reality and do calculations about reality. For example, the mass of the Earth is around 6 x 10^24 kilograms. (Yes, doing physics means going Metric.) It's not just ph...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
2zog8e
what makes hot springs naturally hot?
A couple of friends and I were talking about camping at Harrison Hot Springs (BC, Canada) and this question popped in my head.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2zog8e/eli5_what_makes_hot_springs_naturally_hot/
{ "a_id": [ "cpkth4q" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Geothermal heating. Generally from a nearby source of magma heating the rocks. That's why Yellowstone has such a huge number of Geysers and hot springs, a good portion of the park sits atop a SuperVolcano.\n\n\nEDIT: The Harrison Hot Springs in p...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
vyec5
Would a spherical magnet placed in the center of a hollow metal sphere stay in place? Details inside
A thought I was wondering about. Suppose I took a spherical magnet about the size of a marble and placed it in a hollow iron sphere the size of a basketball. Some other conditions. 1. No outside gravity and the inside of the steel sphere is a vacuum. 2. The iron sphere and magnet are made of consistent material, so t...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/vyec5/would_a_spherical_magnet_placed_in_the_center_of/
{ "a_id": [ "c58onme" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Not an expert by any stretch, but I see one major issue with this scenario. What shape is the magnetic field of a spherical magnet? Is it possible to magnetize the small sphere so that one of the poles is at the center of the sphere and the other...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
3l584h
why are there always sales just before the financial year ends?
Above ^ Any feedback is greatly appreciated.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3l584h/eli5_why_are_there_always_sales_just_before_the/
{ "a_id": [ "cv3akaa", "cv3jyo1" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Because many people in the company have performance targets or even bonuses tied to revenue (or profit, or new customers, etc) in the fiscal year. So if the big day is approaching and they need a little bump to earn a bonus...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
3plqsi
since i'm not a nielsen family, does pirating a show basically have the same effect as watching it on live tv?
From my understanding, ratings are only calculated from people who have Nielsen stuff. So the ratings aren't impacted by my watching it live. Is watching it live then the same as pirating it?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3plqsi/eli5_since_im_not_a_nielsen_family_does_pirating/
{ "a_id": [ "cw7dqdr", "cw7eevo" ], "score": [ 5, 2 ], "text": [ "With respect to TV ratings, if you're not participating in any special Nielsen Families (or related) program, then pirating would be effectively the same as watching the TV program live via antenna or via a passive cable/sat...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
5dlf8e
how is uk's new surveillance law different from what data retention laws in the eu already allow the government to do?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5dlf8e/eli5_how_is_uks_new_surveillance_law_different/
{ "a_id": [ "da5n4we" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "A lot of it is basically legalising what GCHQ have been doing illegally for years - hacking devices and bulk collection of data. There are supposed safeguards againts misuse of these powers, but most people think they aren't enough and it'll ess...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1zmcbn
hiv/aids and why can't we kill it.
I've been reading up on it but I don't seem to understand. Why can't we kill it. Why can't our immune system protect us from it? What about if we put two pipes in someone and had one suck out all the infected blood and another pipe injecting new, clean blood.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1zmcbn/eli5_hivaids_and_why_cant_we_kill_it/
{ "a_id": [ "cfuwpn4", "cfuwunx", "cfuxi31", "cfv0d69", "cfv1d25" ], "score": [ 8, 2, 4, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "HIV is whats known as a retrovirus. Meaning every time it divides within you, it changes its receptors on the outer shell. When white blood cells produce anti...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [] ]
1moouc
are there any negative health consequences as a result of all the invisible waves (wifi, radio, x-ray ect.) that we are constantly exposed to?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1moouc/eli5_are_there_any_negative_health_consequences/
{ "a_id": [ "ccb6e1q", "ccb84qo", "ccbesz2" ], "score": [ 4, 3, 3 ], "text": [ "X-rays are very rare to occur naturally, and the ones you get at the doctor are designed to be as low a dosage as possible.\n\nAs far as the long wavelengths like radio and infrared, it's precisely beca...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/EM_Spectrum_Properties_edit.svg/500px-EM_Spectrum_Properties_edit.svg.png" ] ]
2rnjco
What prevents clouds from freezing solid falling as a solid chunk of ice?
Is there something that prevents the water molecules in clouds from bonding?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2rnjco/what_prevents_clouds_from_freezing_solid_falling/
{ "a_id": [ "cnhjpfo" ], "score": [ 100 ], "text": [ "A cloud is made up of liquid water droplets. A cloud forms when air is heated by the sun. As it rises, it slowly cools it reaches the saturation point and water condenses, forming a cloud. As long as the cloud and the air that its made of is wa...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1a5k98
Is there an evolutional or functional difference between octopus intelligence and vertebrate intelligence?
Layman's thoughts: Octopus have evolved very differently from intelligent mammals. And all highly intelligent vertebrates I could think of are also highly social. So I wondered how different (if at all) invertebrate and specifically Octupus intelligence is from other forms of highly intelligent life.
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1a5k98/is_there_an_evolutional_or_functional_difference/
{ "a_id": [ "c8uhnbu", "c8ut6fx" ], "score": [ 10, 7 ], "text": [ "Is there a difference in their intelligence? Not really, they have \"intelligence\" suited to their surrounding. They can't get much smarter than they are now (they can't really evolve in intelligence) as their blood-delive...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
69jona
how do bathroom mirrors always get those little spots on them even if you literally never touch the mirror?
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/69jona/eli5_how_do_bathroom_mirrors_always_get_those/
{ "a_id": [ "dh74evh", "dh74g7s" ], "score": [ 6, 3 ], "text": [ "probably splashes from you brushing your teeth and washing your face and not wiping the mirror afterwards.", "Do you brush your teeth in front of the mirror?\n\nYou probably do, and like most people, you probably spatter...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
1yts0v
When did water replace beer as the staple drink?
I read that Beer/Cider/Wine was drunk as water to poor in quality to be drunk in middle ages. But by the 19th century water was clearly a large part of the diet again (as seen from the amount of people infected by cholera in water pumps). When did this shift back to beer to water occur?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1yts0v/when_did_water_replace_beer_as_the_staple_drink/
{ "a_id": [ "cfnrg32" ], "score": [ 17 ], "text": [ " > I read that Beer/Cider/Wine was drunk as water to poor in quality to be drunk in middle ages.\n\nThis is frequently found in books (especially general readership books) but this can not be substantiated with primary sources and fails many log...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
22r6m1
how does applying a foreign substance to a baseball (e.g. pine tar, vaseline, crisco) give the pitcher a competitive advantage over the hitter? why is it worth the risk?
This question stems from tonight's Red Sox-Yankees game where it appeared Yankees pitcher Michael Pineda appeared to have some kind of a substance on his pitching hand. Jury's not out yet on whether or not he broke any rules, I don't really have a stake in the matter either way, I just want someone to explain to me t...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/22r6m1/eli5how_does_applying_a_foreign_substance_to_a/
{ "a_id": [ "cgpl164" ], "score": [ 8 ], "text": [ "If air is moving differently over one side of a moving object than the other, the object will get pushed sideways. It's the same principle that lets planes generate lift. \n\nIn baseball, the spin of the ball and the interaction of the laces with...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_rslXAXE6Y" ] ]
1mnq1o
Why does light not refract INSIDE different mediums?
For example: light refracts as it passes in and out of water, but why doesn't it bend while inside that medium, especially when said water might be turbulent on the inside? Or what if a crystal had some kind of imperfection within it?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1mnq1o/why_does_light_not_refract_inside_different/
{ "a_id": [ "ccaxmse", "ccb0eeh" ], "score": [ 12, 6 ], "text": [ "Light refracts when there is a change in refractive index between mediums. Light does indeed refract within a medium because no real life medium is perfect in uniformity. Refractive indexes can change ever so slightly withi...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index#Complex_index_of_refraction_and_absorption" ], [] ]
3ziyg1
why do us american citizens have so little powers in controversial laws passed by congress? (i.e. gun control, raising of congressmen wages, etc.)
It seems as though we have a little say in many laws which are, in a sense, very powerful.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ziyg1/eli5_why_do_us_american_citizens_have_so_little/
{ "a_id": [ "cymj48q", "cymjdfz", "cymjpve" ], "score": [ 7, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "USA is more of a republic, not a democracy. We vote for (hopefully qualified) professionals to learn about laws, discuss, debate, and vote on our behalf. We essentially elect them to become educated on ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
15afet
When was the arrow invented? As in a line/shape to indicate direction, not the weapon.
What was the first culture that drew arrows or anything similar to indicate a certain direction? Does it predate civilization?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/15afet/when_was_the_arrow_invented_as_in_a_lineshape_to/
{ "a_id": [ "c7kqc84", "c7kr4qr" ], "score": [ 6, 10 ], "text": [ "Cool question, I hope it gets answered. I just wanted to pop in real quick and say that no, the Romans in Pompeii did not carve penises into the street to point the way towards the brothels. I know that someone will mention...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.outdoorbasecamp.com/new/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/shutterstock_26232631.jpg", "http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/rtimages/rtimages1011/rtimages101100033/8297149-a-rusty-old-retro-arrow-sign-with-the-text-gas-and-oil.jpg", "http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/jkunnen/jkunnen0707/jkunne...
f7rb8q
Why were moors originally depicted as black by Europeans?
It seems when you read stuff from the 16th century to mid 17th century, the moors are usually depicted as black. For instance, in the play ‘[The English Moor’](_URL_3_) written in 1640, there’s a scene where a female character dresses as a moor to disguise herself. > She actually stays in his house, in disguise: Qu...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/f7rb8q/why_were_moors_originally_depicted_as_black_by/
{ "a_id": [ "fij82o0", "fika5da", "fig5xz1" ], "score": [ 16, 32, 178 ], "text": [ "Not exactly what you're looking for since 16th-17th century western/central european literature is well outside my area of expertise, however I have written an answer that describes the composition ...
[]
[ "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37223/37223-h/37223-h.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moors", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pray_thee", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_English_Moor", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackface" ]
[ [ "https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/39579948/Ruggles.Mothers_of_Hybrid_Dynasty.JMEMS.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DMothers_of_a_Hybrid_Dynasty_Race_Genealo.pdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A%2F20200223%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faw...
5xx5t6
How did Chicago grow as it did?
First time asking in /r/askhistorians. Sorry if this has already been answered before/has an obvious answer. Cities like New York City, Singapore, and Shanghai are significantly economically successful due to it's coastal ports and accessibility to the global trade market, while cities like Seoul, Beijing, and Moscow ...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5xx5t6/how_did_chicago_grow_as_it_did/
{ "a_id": [ "denjibm", "denmmvk" ], "score": [ 3, 2 ], "text": [ "Meat, meat, and meat.\n\nFirst, don't overlook Lake Michigan. The Great Lakes were crucial to the development of the region - shipping iron ore from Minnesota to Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania to be smelted into steel usin...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
4gl4il
why do we feel motivated after we are upset or angry?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4gl4il/eli5_why_do_we_feel_motivated_after_we_are_upset/
{ "a_id": [ "d2ihvhw" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Depends on where the motivation comes from. Sounds like it's from a place of retribution or to prove someone wrong. " ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
6okc5t
how does applying sunscreen regularly really help you age gracefully, considering that your skin cells constantly die and get replaced by new cells?
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6okc5t/eli5_how_does_applying_sunscreen_regularly_really/
{ "a_id": [ "dki0udk" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Because UVA rays damage the collagen layer below your skin, which acts as a sort of \"support structure\". This causes your skin to wrinkle and take on a \"leathery\" appearance." ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
bbax1b
why do high end sports cars have scissor doors? is it just for aesthetics or is there a practical reason?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bbax1b/eli5_why_do_high_end_sports_cars_have_scissor/
{ "a_id": [ "ekhj164", "ekhy117" ], "score": [ 11, 4 ], "text": [ "Typical high end sports car are much wider than regular car due to increased performance and the scissor door in high end sports car allow their owner to exit the vehicle easily even parked in between cars. By having the do...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
2gtqjc
why companies choose advertising, sponsorships, expensive promotions, and blanket mailing over offering cheaper better service
I really don't understand why I get a 4 pages letter on glossy paper every couple of weeks from my ISP asking if I wanna sign up for a landline. I get ton of mail addressed to "Occupant" from other ISPs and these are just examples from one industry. On the other hand, I have to pay $80 for cell phone and $65 for in...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2gtqjc/eli5_why_companies_choose_advertising/
{ "a_id": [ "ckmff5i" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "Guess which one is more effective at making them money? **The one they are doing**." ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
3kg05b
why are tote-bag apples cheaper than bulk apples?
I wanted apples for a pie, but they're about $1.99-$2.99lb to buy in bulk at my local grocery store. If I buy the smaller ones in tote bags, they are anywhere from $0.99-$1.50lb. Why is that?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3kg05b/eli5_why_are_totebag_apples_cheaper_than_bulk/
{ "a_id": [ "cux3i30", "cux3neo" ], "score": [ 4, 5 ], "text": [ "Because stocking bulk apples is more expensive, as people will only buy the most perfect-looking ones and the rest will spoil and need to be thrown out. \n\nThat isn't to say that bagged apples are lower-quality - they just ...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
1dcdau
Why when I get an itchy throat, does my inner ear itch as well?
Whenever there is an itch in the back of my throat, there is also a discomforting itch in the inside of my ear. What causes them to itch in conjunction with eachother?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1dcdau/why_when_i_get_an_itchy_throat_does_my_inner_ear/
{ "a_id": [ "c9p7950" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "They're quite closely connected \n\n_URL_0_ " ] }
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustachian_tube" ] ]
3d34e1
hiring a lawyer
What does the process look like?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3d34e1/eli5_hiring_a_lawyer/
{ "a_id": [ "ct1cuzk" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "You'll have to focus your question a little, there are hundreds of specialties in law.\n\nContract law, criminal law, family law, intellectual property law, estate law, property law, etc.\n\nAnd there are lawyers who specialize in certain things,...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
hhyxw
2 questions for the geneticists
Could FISH be considered optical mapping and could whole genome shotgun be considered massively parallel sequencing?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hhyxw/2_questions_for_the_geneticists/
{ "a_id": [ "c1vjs89", "c1vnhle" ], "score": [ 3, 2 ], "text": [ "I think FISH *could* be considered optical mapping, though in general optical mapping is just done with a chromosomal stain and smashed chromosomes. I wouldn't consider old-school shotgun sequencing to be massively parallel ...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
3bqlpe
why does airconditioning in my car consume gas but the headlights/radio does not?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3bqlpe/eli5_why_does_airconditioning_in_my_car_consume/
{ "a_id": [ "csojsx5", "csojtd3", "csok9vd", "csovq0y" ], "score": [ 8, 2, 2, 5 ], "text": [ "The headlights and radio do consume gas (or if the engine is off they drain the battery, which is then recharged by burning gas later). They use a lot less than running the air con...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
1a13nv
Why do we call it 'ancient Rome' and not ancient Italy?
Hello. I am new to Reddit and have a question. Why do we refer to 'ancient Rome' and not 'ancient Italy'? Why therefore is it 'ancient Greece' and not 'ancient Athens'? Thank you.
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1a13nv/why_do_we_call_it_ancient_rome_and_not_ancient/
{ "a_id": [ "c8t52tw", "c8t6gcx", "c8t9vpl" ], "score": [ 5, 10, 5 ], "text": [ "I'm not an historian but Italy is a nation state which unified fairly recently. For centuries various city-states, kings, emperors, and the church ruled what is now Italy, taking land and power from ea...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
1q2wfg
Quarks in Protons
Okay, keep in mind that I'm a Junior in high school and this is my first reddit post. Okay, I've been reading about quarks and gluons. What does a proton look like if you could shrink down and see it? Do the quarks and gluons come together to form a ball (the proton) somehow? Or does it look like a triangle? (if you co...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1q2wfg/quarks_in_protons/
{ "a_id": [ "cd8qy3a", "cd8tjcu", "cd8uira", "cd8xm3i" ], "score": [ 10, 8, 11, 3 ], "text": [ "Ah, well, I hate to plug myself but I've already written an explanation of some aspects of proton structure over [at Physics Stack Exchange](_URL_0_), and whatever I would post h...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/81190/whats-inside-a-proton/81284#81284" ], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle", "http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=mass+of+a+proton", "http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=size+of+a+proton", "http://www.wolframalpha.c...
btiiz2
why do people sell their things to pawn shops when they can sell it to auctions for a much better price?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/btiiz2/eli5_why_do_people_sell_their_things_to_pawn/
{ "a_id": [ "eoyc26v" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "You sell to a pawn shop when you need the cash right that second. You are facing eviction or want to keep the power on or need to buy drugs. It's for when you haven't got time for an auction." ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
3sbqbh
what is a beta?
What is a beta in stocks? Can someone clarify it?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3sbqbh/eli5what_is_a_beta/
{ "a_id": [ "cwvrz40" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Can you be more specific? There are beta fish, beta phases of software, beta personalities/people, there's a letter of the Greek alphabet called beta, etc. which are you worried about?" ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
4pwlb3
why does brown rice split open after it is boiled, but white rice doesn't?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4pwlb3/eli5_why_does_brown_rice_split_open_after_it_is/
{ "a_id": [ "d4oebhw", "d4oray3" ], "score": [ 9, 2 ], "text": [ "White rice is just brown rice without the chaff or bran of the grain. The splitting it's this casing splitting open. White rice just doesn't have the casing.", "What is white rice? Can you grow rice and have it come out ...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
5ri04g
why do many viruses that can kill you are hard to catch while less harmful ones are easy to catch but don't kill you
For example, HIV is hard to catch (you have to have a blood transfusion, sex with an infected person, etc) and it can kill you, but the common cold virus is easy to catch but usually won't do lasting harm.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5ri04g/eli5_why_do_many_viruses_that_can_kill_you_are/
{ "a_id": [ "dd7drlr", "dd7du35" ], "score": [ 7, 3 ], "text": [ "Because doctors and scientists have focused a great deal of effort making sure that viruses that can kill/debilitate you AND are easy to catch do not spread. This is mostly done through vaccines that provide herd immunity. I...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
eafgmw
would a human being from 5000 years ago look the same as a human being today, considering if it's from the same genus, species, subspecies?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/eafgmw/eli5_would_a_human_being_from_5000_years_ago_look/
{ "a_id": [ "faqfrys" ], "score": [ 12 ], "text": [ "Anatomically modern humans first appeared about 200,000 years ago. Behaviourally modern humans appeared about 40,000 years ago. Anatomically modern humans are physically the same as us, and as far as we know you'd be hard pressed to tell the dif...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
28osof
Are Jungian archetypes similar to the Freudian psychological apparatus?
Are these two theories models of the same thing? It seems that both Jung and Freud was (1) proposing how the psyche worked and (2) theorized that the human psyche was made up of different, sometimes conflicting, parts. So when Freud wrote about the id, ego and superego was he writing about the same concept as Jung when...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/28osof/are_jungian_archetypes_similar_to_the_freudian/
{ "a_id": [ "cid06x5" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "I believe Jung was referring to more of a \"collective unconscious\" than an individual one. Meaning these \"archetypes\" are sort of unconscious memories and knowledge passed down from our ancestors - almost like instincts are. Freud was talking...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
3df8v5
How exactly do we know how fast saturn is turning when it is all just gas? Do all layers of gas giants rotate at the same speed? How can we place a fixed point on a gas giant if its just one big sphere of gas?
Hope I'm getting my question across properly, I was just reading about how an extrasolar solar gas giant was tidally locked with its sun and it got me thinking on how we are even able to indicate which side is which on a gas giant that far away, let alone a sun?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3df8v5/how_exactly_do_we_know_how_fast_saturn_is_turning/
{ "a_id": [ "ct4klrb", "ct4uaji" ], "score": [ 131, 12 ], "text": [ "The visible features of Saturn rotate at different rates depending on their latitude (distance from the equator). Astronomers have developed three different systems for measuring the rotational speed of Saturn. System I i...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://www.universetoday.com/24164/rotation-of-saturn/" ], [] ]
3lhf1q
Why aren't there any bacteria which can process food in cold temperatures (quickly)?
I know that refrigeration doesn't completely halt bacterial action, or kill all bacteria - but it does do a pretty decent job at slowing decay. With the prevalence of refrigeration in the modern world, I am somewhat surprised that we haven't seen strains of bacteria that can thrive despite those conditions. Is there so...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3lhf1q/why_arent_there_any_bacteria_which_can_process/
{ "a_id": [ "cv6rnd8" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The speed of chemical reactions, including the enzymatic reactions of life, decrease by about a half for every ten degrees C drop in temperature. Cold-adaption usually involves changes to the composition of plasma membranes, so the organisms wil...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
7yo3df
how is a neuron conneted to so many others?
How can a Neuron be connected to tens of thousands of cells? I understand this on a biological level, but what I want to know is the architectural/spacial organization. How is it possible that all those thousands and thousands of Neurons are individually connected to so many more, and that seemingly effective (short di...
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7yo3df/eli5_how_is_a_neuron_conneted_to_so_many_others/
{ "a_id": [ "dui15c6" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Dendrites and axons. These appendages are what communicate to other cells and other neurons. They can also be very long. Axons can be feet long, giving lots of room for large networks." ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
5zcmj4
Did the Korean War increase the West's interest of Korean culture? Did it lead to more or less exportation of Korean culture?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5zcmj4/did_the_korean_war_increase_the_wests_interest_of/
{ "a_id": [ "dex4m41", "dezzcjm" ], "score": [ 6, 2 ], "text": [ "I used to have a really good lesson plan for APUSH on how the Korean War was viewed by Americans in the 1950's, but for the life of me, I can't seem to find the damn thing.\n\nThe long and short of it is that the Korean War ...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/research/online_documents/korean_war/Public_Opinion_1953_06_02.pdf", "http://www.gallup.com/poll/7741/gallup-brain-americans-korean-war.aspx", "http://www.historynet.com/interview-melinda-pash-why-is-korea-the-forgotten-war.htm" ], [ "http://time.com/360581...
1uwfnm
As objectively as possible, what was Andrew Jackson's beef with the second national bank, such that dismantling it became such a point of pride for him?
There's obviously a lot of political garbage going on today about the Federal Reserve being the epicenter of evil and what-not, such that I'm not sure who/what to trust in terms of an account of why, exactly, Jackson was so opposed to the central bank of the US. Help me out?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1uwfnm/as_objectively_as_possible_what_was_andrew/
{ "a_id": [ "cemfpfg" ], "score": [ 34 ], "text": [ " The problem was with the Bank itself. You can't compare this bank to the modern Federal Reserve system, because the US Government controls the modern Fed completely, and the US Government only owned 20% of the Second Bank of the United States. ...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/ajveto01.asp" ] ]
1fykvf
Since being nervous raises your heart rate, does it have the same benefits as exercise?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1fykvf/since_being_nervous_raises_your_heart_rate_does/
{ "a_id": [ "caf31e1" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "While the two activities will both raise your heart rates, there are many other physiological differences between the two activities. When you exercise, your heart rate increases rather gradually, at least at a rate in which your body can withsta...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
8fxb3s
how do countries get rid of nuclear warheads when they decide they no longer want/need them?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8fxb3s/eli5_how_do_countries_get_rid_of_nuclear_warheads/
{ "a_id": [ "dy77ien", "dy77mnr", "dy78k1q", "dy78ojc", "dy78ypm", "dy7ao3x", "dy7b1dn", "dy7b1q3", "dy7bpz5", "dy7cr0p", "dy7dph2", "dy7dxwb", "dy7e8y3", "dy7hzgq", "dy7mpay" ], "score": [ 3207, 641, 181, 46, 2, 3, 6366, ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megatons_to_Megawatts_Program" ], [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Plowshare" ], [], [], [], [ "https://nnsa.energy.gov/mediaroom/pressreleases/megatonstomegawatts", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
xv8ey
Was Hitler's political success a result of his own skill and maneuvering, or simply Germans' desire for any strong leader and unified voice?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/xv8ey/was_hitlers_political_success_a_result_of_his_own/
{ "a_id": [ "c5pw1tm" ], "score": [ 9 ], "text": [ "Put very succinctly, a little from Column A and a little from Column B. \nOn the phone in class atm, so can't be all that detailed (and I hope someone weighs in with considerably more detail) but suffice to say Hitler was not the only one deeply ...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
ag2st3
the rate at which muscles lose strength and size after halting a consistent exercise program?
Say for example you bench pressed consistently for a year. And your maximum was 300 pounds. After not working out for a month will you still be able to hit the 300 pounds from a month ago?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ag2st3/eli5_the_rate_at_which_muscles_lose_strength_and/
{ "a_id": [ "ee3rfil", "ee3s7xi" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Inactivity does not take long to have it's effects on muscles. Regardless of how consistently one has previously worked out, it will only take a few weeks of inactivity for muscle to lose size/power. Muscles require a lot of...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
39tc8t
how do people determine the artist of a song and the featured artist of a song?
I noticed that most DJ's or rappers are the artists while the chorus singer is only the "featured" artist, why is that?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/39tc8t/eli5_how_do_people_determine_the_artist_of_a_song/
{ "a_id": [ "cs68wdz" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "If you were making an album and invited me to sing parts of a song on it you'd be the artist and I'd be the featured guest. If it was my album and you came to rap part of a song I'd be the artist and you'd be the feature. It all depends on who is...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
18cptu
When did the elite (or people not under labor) start weight training in order to counter the effects of a more relaxed lifestyle?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/18cptu/when_did_the_elite_or_people_not_under_labor/
{ "a_id": [ "c8dsp6g", "c8dtdnt" ], "score": [ 3, 4 ], "text": [ "The elite have pretty much always worked out.\n\nUp to fairly recently, a nobleman was expected to be able to ride, fence, shoot, row or box. An Eaton schoolboy had to play rugby and a samurai's son had to master the bow and...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://books.google.se/books?id=79QappH54EYC&hl=sv&source=gbs_navlinks_s", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen_Sandow" ], [ "http://books.google.com/books?id=KVtKszMHWbcC", "http://www.journalofsporthistory.org/", "http://books.google.com/books?id=tkgpnpfWm2gC" ] ]
6sf5fu
how do films and shows make people appear on fire without causing injury?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6sf5fu/eli5how_do_films_and_shows_make_people_appear_on/
{ "a_id": [ "dlc8nws", "dlcevnc", "dlcml3o" ], "score": [ 28, 38, 7 ], "text": [ "Someone watched the latest episode of Games of Thrones, didn't they?\n\nStuntmen do two things to avoid injury when they are on fire.\n\n1. The fuels that are burning generally have a low flame point....
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "https://youtu.be/pE2wcBeyNdk?t=10m30s" ] ]
1srn66
During reconstruction, did Virginia ever claim that it should be allowed to reabsorb West Virginia? Did the succession of West Virginia make it federally legal for regions to succeed from states?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1srn66/during_reconstruction_did_virginia_ever_claim/
{ "a_id": [ "ce0lvfi", "ce0lyg1" ], "score": [ 210, 43 ], "text": [ "After the war, Virginia never directly challenged the legitimacy of West Virginia but did dispute whether two counties in particular (i.e. Berkely and Jefferson Counties) belonged to West Virginia. These two were disputed...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/78/39/case.html" ], [ "http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/11/rural-colorado-residents-vote-to-secede-as-metro-areas-shift-more-liberal.html" ] ]
fr42in
why do screens often have odd pixel amounts like 1080 or 1440? why not even number like 1000 or 1400?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fr42in/eli5_why_do_screens_often_have_odd_pixel_amounts/
{ "a_id": [ "fltoqfx", "fltq39y", "fltyv8g", "flu3k6t", "flu5l9w", "flu7yqa", "flukn5h" ], "score": [ 267, 41, 27, 6, 8, 4, 2 ], "text": [ " > There are historical reasons:\n > Back in the day, analogue television had limited bandwidth. They used tha...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector_Video_Standards2.svg" ], [], [], [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCy0tKL1T7wFoYcxCe0xjN6Q" ], [] ]
8mp5yo
why are speakers arranged with woofers on the bottom and tweeters on top?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8mp5yo/eli5_why_are_speakers_arranged_with_woofers_on/
{ "a_id": [ "dzpaxyk", "dzpdgw7" ], "score": [ 19, 3 ], "text": [ "Two reasons. First, subs are heavier because they have thicker membrane and bigger coils. The second one I can't explain that well in English, so I'll have to keep it at low-frequency noises tend to be less directional so i...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
ngtf9
Can everyone be good at any instrument they like, or do you need to have some degree of talent?
I was wondering. if you practice long hours on an instrument, can you become a professional player, or do you need some degree of talent to get really good. Cause I've seen people who played guitar out done by someone who just picked it up an year ago.
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ngtf9/can_everyone_be_good_at_any_instrument_they_like/
{ "a_id": [ "c38yxv3", "c38yydd", "c38yxv3", "c38yydd" ], "score": [ 3, 3, 3, 3 ], "text": [ "Not commenting as my tag - but as someone who plays three instruments.\n\nPractice is the #1 factor to becoming good at anything - however, certain physical traits can also be a fa...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/20/opinion/sunday/sorry-strivers-talent-matters.html" ], [], [ "http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/20/opinion/sunday/sorry-strivers-talent-matters.html" ] ]
24nyt8
Why does the the spicy taste seem to stay around longer than all of the other tastes?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/24nyt8/why_does_the_the_spicy_taste_seem_to_stay_around/
{ "a_id": [ "ch8zhm4", "ch8zqc2", "ch95n15" ], "score": [ 172, 112, 4 ], "text": [ "The hotness of spicy tastes is not sensed using taste buds: it's essentially a burn-like irritation that directly stimulates the nerve fibers. This is an example of [chemesthesis](_URL_0_). Not quit...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemesthesis" ], [], [] ]
29zl21
What planets were known to non-Western cultures before modern telescopes, and what names did they give them?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/29zl21/what_planets_were_known_to_nonwestern_cultures/
{ "a_id": [ "ciq1hxu" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "[This is a nice site](_URL_0_) featuring the possibilities in a wide variety of languages (including Klingon!). In general, people were aware of the planets out to and including Saturn, but not beyond. Words for Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are bas...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://nineplanets.org/days.html" ] ]
3bw5pt
could different races of humans (asian, black, caucasian, hispanic, etc.) be classified as different breeds (such as labradors, retrievers, terriers, etc. for dogs and other animals)? why/why not?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3bw5pt/eli5_could_different_races_of_humans_asian_black/
{ "a_id": [ "csq25a8" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Biologically there are no Human Races but one. However the genetical difference between Dog \"races\" is still much bigger then between Human \"races\" so the classification as breeds like with Dogs is just as inappropriate as the classification ...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
81sxtp
Segregation in Ptolemaic Egypt
Playing Assassin's Creed Origins, I noticed in Faiyum town criers declaring the segregation of the Greek ruling class and the poor Egyptians, who were to be confined to slums. Beyond the typical divide between the wealthy and poor, was there official ethnic segregation at any time under the Ptolemaic dynasty?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/81sxtp/segregation_in_ptolemaic_egypt/
{ "a_id": [ "dv5dfib" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "NOOOOO!\n\nThis was only thing that bugged me more than the portrayal of Cleopatra. AC:O is amazing but the game's portrayal of social divides in Ptolemaic Egypt along ethnic and racial lines is inaccurate in many ways. For one thing ethnic segre...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/79l6u4/how_much_did_ptolemaic_egypt_resemble_modern/dp2zlqn/?st=j9elcru8&sh=f4165335", "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/69nsex/how_would_an_egyptian_in_alexandria_at_the_turn/?st=jec72wht&sh=21c48492", "https://www.reddit.com/r/A...
lfxv3
what's so special about minecraft?
I don't get it. I've never played it or know much about it. ELI5 please.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/lfxv3/eli5_whats_so_special_about_minecraft/
{ "a_id": [ "c2sd45a", "c2sdbuc", "c2sedk6", "c2seei2", "c2sf10m", "c2sf585", "c2sfw9b", "c2sg2di", "c2sd45a", "c2sdbuc", "c2sedk6", "c2seei2", "c2sf10m", "c2sf585", "c2sfw9b", "c2sg2di" ], "score": [ 73, 38, 2, 2, 2, 6, 2...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [ "http://www.escapistmagazine.com/videos/view/zero-punctuation/2680-Minecraft" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "http://www.escapistmagazine.com/videos/view/zero-punctuation/2680-Minecraft" ], [], [] ]
1lut44
why do some businesses not tell you their prices for services or merchandise up front.
It seems super shady to me and can't figure out why any business wouldn't want to tell you one of the most important pieces of info before dealing with them. EDIT: Now I understand why some business would do this. I am trying to get something printed and for the same job most sites have their prices listed. It's not a...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1lut44/eli5_why_do_some_businesses_not_tell_you_their/
{ "a_id": [ "cc2y1bg", "cc2y1gp", "cc2y3vd", "cc30dpv", "cc312wm", "cc31tfr", "cc3202h", "cc32leq", "cc33d39", "cc34ad3", "cc36tkz", "cc3bfb9" ], "score": [ 4, 4, 5, 33, 29, 28, 5, 5, 8, 4, 4, 3 ], "text": [ "T...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
trn77
Are we the only intelligent life?
I stumbled across an askreddit post about one thing you would want to see become true before you die. One person posted "proof for intelligent life". That made me start to think; is it possible that we are the only intelligent life in the universe because the universe still is pretty "young"? [The Post.](_URL_0_)
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/trn77/are_we_the_only_intelligent_life/
{ "a_id": [ "c4p4ind", "c4p4j4t", "c4p4rd7" ], "score": [ 7, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Although young, the universe is also very, very big, and very, very varied. The likelihood of us being the only sentient creatures in the universe is incredibly small, and dare I say it, quite self-cent...
[]
[ "http://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/tr7q5/what_is_the_one_thing_you_want_to_see_become/" ]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_equation#The_equation" ], [], [ "party.In" ] ]
1ib28m
What nation, instead of having been defeated in a war, might be more powerful today if it were victorious?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ib28m/what_nation_instead_of_having_been_defeated_in_a/
{ "a_id": [ "cb2qewq", "cb2qj3f" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "I have a feeling most countries, had they won the war they actually lost, would be stronger than they are today. For example, had Germany won WWI, there would've been no need for Nazi Germany. Had Germany won WWII, then that...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
i4ozw
Does environmental temperature have any effect on how quickly a fire spreads?
I just heard a news story about the Arizona wildfires, and the outside temperature of 90 degrees was mentioned as a factor in making them harder to fight, along with the rough terrain and abundant fuel. All else being equal, is it significantly harder from a chemical perspective to fight a fire in 90 degree weather th...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/i4ozw/does_environmental_temperature_have_any_effect_on/
{ "a_id": [ "c20vm8h" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Yes, but moreso because Arizona is very dry when it's 90 degrees out. A muggy jungle at 100% humidity wouldn't burn any faster at 90 degrees, although it would be pretty unpleasant for firefighters nonetheless." ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
166vdu
Why do things diffuse?
So there's the simple answer of diffusion gradients etc. etc. etc., but it suddenly occurred to me why this actually happens, what causes things to not just stay separate where diffusion could occur, particularly through a membrane?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/166vdu/why_do_things_diffuse/
{ "a_id": [ "c7tauvj", "c7tdmyh" ], "score": [ 2, 5 ], "text": [ "Because ~~closed~~ isolated systems tend to increase their entropy - a more diffuse system has higher entropy.\n\nEdit: Fixed.", "Molecular motion is random, and any given particle has (approximately) equal chance of hea...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
d1ap3l
how come when you practice something for so long in one session, you start to get worse at it?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/d1ap3l/eli5_how_come_when_you_practice_something_for_so/
{ "a_id": [ "ezjvrv8", "ezjvurm" ], "score": [ 45, 12 ], "text": [ "In a word, fatigue. You get tired both mentally and physically (even if you don’t immediately feel so) which hinders performance.", "I don't know any scientific terms for this, but as you practice one thing, you begin ...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
2n3kqt
how a "turbo" charger for a cell phone works and why it is better or worse than usb 3.0
With a slew of new devices coming into the market, some manufacturers are offering "turbo" chargers. Isn't USB 3.0 supposed to be better?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2n3kqt/eli5_how_a_turbo_charger_for_a_cell_phone_works/
{ "a_id": [ "cma4wq1" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Okay, because the other answers are making a mistake, I'm making my answer with it fixed:\n\nUSB limits the amperage, which is basically the \"amount\" of electrons that goes through. More of them make it charge faster, but because USB wasn't mad...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
33o3u1
What shape is a photon?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/33o3u1/what_shape_is_a_photon/
{ "a_id": [ "cqmyz2j" ], "score": [ 10 ], "text": [ "Strictly speaking, it's a point without any physical size, as are all elementary particles. But realistically, all excitations of fields aren't \"real\" particles, they only behave as such in certain processes.\n\nIf you, for whatever reason, ab...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
52ukou
What was the Ancient Greek name for the Delian League? And did they have a symbol, or banner they flew?
What was the Ancient Greek name for the Delian League? And did they have a symbol, or banner they flew?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/52ukou/what_was_the_ancient_greek_name_for_the_delian/
{ "a_id": [ "d7ngz19" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "There was no name for the group, at least not as preserved in the sources. \"Delian League\" is a modern terminology based on the fact that Delos was the de facto headquarters of the alliance. Thucydides (1.97) essentially calls it a *hegemonia...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
c483fx
why is liquid nitrogen cold and is it possible to make it warm?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c483fx/eli5_why_is_liquid_nitrogen_cold_and_is_it/
{ "a_id": [ "ervatj2" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Let's take water as an example here for a moment.\n\nWater is a liquid at room temperature, but if you heat it up it becomes a gas that we call steam. If you make water cold it becomes a solid which we call ice.\n\nThese changes in state occur be...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
od2k9
the three branches of government.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/od2k9/the_three_branches_of_government/
{ "a_id": [ "c3ga6ni" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "Alright my little 5 year old.\n\nYour kindergarten class is run by a teacher, right? Set sets all the rules for your class, is the one who makes sure the rules are followed, and judges the situation in which the rules are applied.\n\nYour teacher...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
2a1xqj
how do some people have perfect pitch and others are tone deaf?
Some people can tell when a pitch is sharp/flat or what note it is. What separates these people from people who are tone deaf?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2a1xqj/eli5how_do_some_people_have_perfect_pitch_and/
{ "a_id": [ "ciqolqa" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Inside your ear, there is a structure called the cochlea that houses specialized hairs that detect sound. Each hair is tuned like a tuning fork for a specific pitch or frequency of sound. Therefore, the hair only vibrates when it \"hears\" or is ...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
f3ytyj
why do drug addicts bend syringe needles?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f3ytyj/eli5_why_do_drug_addicts_bend_syringe_needles/
{ "a_id": [ "fhmlw1p", "fhn1bz2", "fhnc10k", "fhnd0xb", "fhndhmb", "fhnigen" ], "score": [ 9117, 120, 37, 4626, 533, 1265 ], "text": [ "So that they don't get reused. No one wants dirty needles in circulation, so they destroy them.", "It happens over tim...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
6nhis0
how do we know how much to chew?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6nhis0/eli5_how_do_we_know_how_much_to_chew/
{ "a_id": [ "dk9pe6y", "dka866x" ], "score": [ 23, 3 ], "text": [ "You don't start out knowing. You learn around the age of 2 and as your throat grows you learn to gradually take in as much as you can swallow. Some people don't learn and eat very slowly.\n\n2 year olds put more than they ...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
2zaofs
Can I achieve zero speed? What would happen to time?
I see a lot about reaching close to the speed of light and how that would affect time relative to people stationary on the ground. But people on the ground are still traveling around the Sun which is also travelling around the galaxy. What if I went out to space, away from the galaxy and nearby ones. where I could hav...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2zaofs/can_i_achieve_zero_speed_what_would_happen_to_time/
{ "a_id": [ "cph84zg", "cph90b7" ], "score": [ 31, 10 ], "text": [ "The takeaway message people get when reading about relativity is \"weird shit happens when you go really fast,\" but that's not the important lesson. The important lesson is that all rest frames are equivalent, none are pr...
[]
[ "http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2z60f8/when_net_gravitational_force_exerted_on_the/" ]
[ [], [] ]
2r730r
is uranium glass not radioactive and dangerous to use?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2r730r/eli5_is_uranium_glass_not_radioactive_and/
{ "a_id": [ "cnd25z8", "cnd2gme" ], "score": [ 36, 3 ], "text": [ "Is it radioactive? Yes.\n\nIs it dangerous? No.\n\nThe amount of radiation that would be given off by the small amounts of uranium seeded in the glass (remember, glass is basically melted sand, so you just mix some uranium ...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://imgur.com/pe5yUw4" ] ]
2iw88u
how millionaires and billionaires keep their cash that isn't invested. isn't it dangerous to store all your cash over $250,000 in one bank?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2iw88u/eli5_how_millionaires_and_billionaires_keep_their/
{ "a_id": [ "cl62nnk" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "Most millionaires and billionaires keep the majority of their wealth in investments, not cash. It's how they get richer without doing necessarily as much work. What liquid cash they have, they likely keep in multiple banks, not just one. " ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
2ww7o1
I'm writing a short paper about the debate on geographic determinism. What sources should I read aside from Jared Diamond?
I am vaguely aware of the debate centering around Guns, Germs, and Steel, as it is referenced so often in discussions on this forum. Could anyone help direct me toward the other relevant literature in this debate? I'm sure there are many works criticizing Diamond's work in particular and/or the concept of geographic d...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ww7o1/im_writing_a_short_paper_about_the_debate_on/
{ "a_id": [ "counpzl", "couwem7" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "hi! you might try skimming this section of the FAQ; there are a few external references mentioned/linked here & there\n\n* [Historians' views of Jared Diamond's \"Guns, Germs, and Steel\"](_URL_0_)", "You might find \"...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/historians_views#wiki_historians.27_views_of_jared_diamond.27s_.22guns.2C_germs.2C_and_steel.22" ], [] ]
1v2cml
if one were to strike a match on every planet in the solar system, what would the resulting flame look like?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1v2cml/if_one_were_to_strike_a_match_on_every_planet_in/
{ "a_id": [ "ceocjkk" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Mercury: Nothing. No Oxygen means no fire, and matches do not contain their own oxidizer.\n\nVenus: Doesn't really matter that there is too little ambient oxygen, the match is already destroyed either by the heat breaking down the large organic m...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
3567uc
Where does the brightness difference in saturns ring come from?
I have just been reading about saturn and it's moons on wikipedia. Then i wanted to make a photomontage with saturns rings when I noticed something [Cassini Saturn Ring Photo](_URL_1_) [Same photo with brighness enhanced](_URL_0_) Apparently, the black is'nt black in these two areas, it's RGB 12,11,9. And now my q...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3567uc/where_does_the_brightness_difference_in_saturns/
{ "a_id": [ "cr1df6g", "cr1i9kp", "cr1k3c8" ], "score": [ 26, 48, 5 ], "text": [ "There are two general factors: ring density and ring composition.\n\nDenser rings will reflect more light since there's more surface area to catch the sunlight. Rings with more reflective materials (s...
[]
[ "http://imgur.com/YtqB22i", "http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_%28Planet%29#/media/File:PIA08361_Ring_World.png" ]
[ [], [], [] ]
21gbv7
What did the native English look like?
I know that the people who now live in England are descendants of the Saxons. So what did the native Welsh, Scotts, Picts, etc. look like? Did they look basically the same as other Western Europeans at the time? Would the Saxons have looked radically different to them?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/21gbv7/what_did_the_native_english_look_like/
{ "a_id": [ "cgcxms0" ], "score": [ 57 ], "text": [ "Your first sentence, though commonly held, is thought to be debunked by genetic evidence. The modern English, Irish, Welsh and Scottish are genetically very similar, almost to the point of being identical. The idea of the Angles, Saxons and Jute...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://www.sott.net/article/263587-DNA-shows-Irish-people-have-more-complex-origins-than-previously-thought", "http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/mythsofbritishancestry/" ] ]
2h33my
Who are the Indigenous people of Palestine?
I've looked at the FAQ but I'm still not satisfied with the answer. This question is mostly back in the Ancient times. According to the bible, Israelis were the original inhabitants of the land and even the place Jerusalem is included in the bible but since most of them were expelled, the land has been conquered by dif...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2h33my/who_are_the_indigenous_people_of_palestine/
{ "a_id": [ "ckp048k", "ckp38xz", "ckp83b4", "ckpayod" ], "score": [ 121, 38, 5, 13 ], "text": [ " > I want an unbiased answer of which group has the right of ownership of the land?\n\nI feel this is your real question, the heart of the matter, and that's something no one i...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [ "http://www.michaelsheiser.com/PaleoBabble/Ayn%20Dara%20Parallel%20to%20Solomons%20Temple.pdf", "http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Misc/Merneptah_Stele/Merneptah_Stele.htm", "http://www.academia.edu/1833095/Rise_and_collapse_in_the_southern_Levant_in_the_Early_Bronze_Age...
9cn6ix
The CCP under Mao apparently introduced Traditional Chinese Medicine in its modern form with intent to replace it with 'Western' evidence-based medicine over time, yet TCM remains broadly popular. Did the latter part of the plan just not succeed, or are there other reasons for TCM's resilience?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9cn6ix/the_ccp_under_mao_apparently_introduced/
{ "a_id": [ "e5cj184" ], "score": [ 8 ], "text": [ "follow up: could you elaborate on \"in its modern form\"? what's different between that and the *old* TCM?" ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
54kfb4
Is there truly no mention of Jesus Christ in Roman writings?
I'm trying to find the historical accuracy of an internet statement. It was a picture of Caesar with the caption along the lines of "In all the known Roman writings, there is no mention of Christianity or of the person Jesus Christ."
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/54kfb4/is_there_truly_no_mention_of_jesus_christ_in/
{ "a_id": [ "d82keci", "d82n3kx", "d840ale", "d840m0i" ], "score": [ 604, 106, 2, 5 ], "text": [ "False. Jesus is mentioned twice by the historian Josephus.\n\nSpecifically, he says:\n\n > [...] so he assembled the sanhedrin of judges, and brought before them the brother of...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "http://classics.mit.edu/Antoninus/meditations.11.eleven.html" ], [] ]