q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
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values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
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1170zr | How accurate are Rick Riordan's novels in portraying ancient mythology? | I'm asking, because I just had a conversation with somebody who said her kids were very interested in history, and proceeded to explain that they loved things like Rick Riordan's books. I've never read them, but the impression I had was that they're not worth much (historically) - maybe they're great fiction, I don't k... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1170zr/how_accurate_are_rick_riordans_novels_in/ | {
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"He had it toned down for younger readers. For instance, in the first book of the Egyptian mythology trilogy, Isis was already pregnant with Horus when Set/Seth locked Osiris up in a coffin. Few years later Set blows up the c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
4dwih4 | How did the fourth crusade bypass Byzantium's defenses? | Byzantium had defended itself from the east for centuries. How did the crusaders breach the walls that protected Byzantium? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4dwih4/how_did_the_fourth_crusade_bypass_byzantiums/ | {
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"The short answer is that after the death of Manuel I Komnenos in 1180, the Empire endured a long string of incompetent (or in the case of Andronikos I, deranged) rulers that severely undermined Byzantium's position as the first-rate superpower of... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1zl8ot | Need help with history writing prompt | Pick an indigenous tribe living within proximity to English settlers. Pretending membership in the tribe, describe to several counsel elders the “concerns” your society faces and what future issues may be of contention (1690)
I need to hit on all the main conflicts/topics that any specific tribes faced during this time... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1zl8ot/need_help_with_history_writing_prompt/ | {
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"You might have better luck over at /r/HomeworkHelp."
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ltiq0 | el15: the european royal families | Where did they come from originally?
Why were the royal families of so many countries related?
Wouldn't a royal family keep getting larger until it's impossible to give each member his or her own little castle?
What happened when the countries of two related royal families went to war against one another? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ltiq0/el15_the_european_royal_families/ | {
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"Why were the royal families of so many countries related?\n\nSimple, royalty marries royalty. When there is nobody to marry in your own country you go looking abroad. In the past t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
11wep8 | Jerusalem during Middle Ages (500-1500) | I have a couple of questions concerning how Jerusalem was run during this period, as well as how this altered the city during the era.
The information is required for a presentation I am having on the subject, with my "problem" being "How did the crusades against Jerusalem, led by both Christians and Muslims during t... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/11wep8/jerusalem_during_middle_ages_5001500/ | {
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"In 500AD Jerusalem was still under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire and believe it or not there were fairly few Jews living in the city or its environs. The city was populated mostly by Christians from all over Europe... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2upygn | Did divorce exist in Meiji Japan? What was involved? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2upygn/did_divorce_exist_in_meiji_japan_what_was_involved/ | {
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"Indeed, divorce did exist in Meiji Japan and well before it as well. \n\nIt's important to note that marriage was often a family based deal, much like it was in other parts of the world. \n\nMarriage was very much about two families joining and f... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
31gs9r | why modern parking lots seem to be configured in confusing and maze-like fashions through the placement of seemingly random medians? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/31gs9r/eli5_why_modern_parking_lots_seem_to_be/ | {
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"text": [
"It probably didn't look so confusing in the top view. ",
"Might be to keep you moving slower for safety?",
"Many factors at play.\n\nOne concern is drainage. you need to dispose of water, and it... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
7th4os | in a deck of cards why is the card called a jack and not a prince? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7th4os/eli5in_a_deck_of_cards_why_is_the_card_called_a/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Because it represents a knave (or jack), not a prince.\n\n_URL_0_\n\n > As early as the mid-16th century the card was known in England as the knave (meaning a male servant of royalty)."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(playing_card)"
]
] | ||
nmxu0 | how phone sim locks work | How do SIM locks on phones work?
Where do the special codes come from that allow them to be unlocked?
How do places like "Joe's Cell Phone Batteries and Perfume" get unlock codes for phones?
Why can phones like the iPhone only be unlocked by hacked software? Is it because AT & T has not provided codes to do it? And ... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/nmxu0/eli5_how_phone_sim_locks_work/ | {
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"text": [
"A carrier, has specific codes on each sim, so that they can identify which is their own sim.\n\nWhen you insert a sim, it sends a signla to tower near by and ask to identify itself ( tower after realying to Cell providers) t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
lu4a4 | In the human body, does being in (great) pain = damage? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/lu4a4/in_the_human_body_does_being_in_great_pain_damage/ | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_neuralgia"
],
[],
[],
[],... | ||
2st7gp | can a woman get pregnant by multiple men and have all of their babies ala triplets/twins/etc? (for example multiple ethnicities) | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2st7gp/eli5_can_a_woman_get_pregnant_by_multiple_men_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cnsmta2"
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Very unlikely but possible. Female must have released 2 separate eggs at the same time, thrn have them both fertilized by sperm from two different males"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3fht4e | what does the foam/bubbles in shampoo do? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3fht4e/eli5_what_does_the_foambubbles_in_shampoo_do/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Not much actually. Look up Sodium Laureth Sulphate. Nearly all soaps have some form of this chemical. It is sometimes listed by different names. It slightly increases the products ability to dissolve oils, but its main purpose is a \"foaming agen... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4kvd3j | Founding of Rome: What other legends are there besides the Romulus tale. | While reading about stories of the founding of Rome, Romulus brothers tale seems to be the most well known one. However, I did also see that apparently some other minor stories/sources are out there, too. I'm just wondering what they are... or is there any other at all? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4kvd3j/founding_of_rome_what_other_legends_are_there/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The founding of Rome by the twins Romulus/Remus is but one part of the legend, the other being the prehistory of the founding of Rome under Aeneas. The story of the founding can thus be divided into three parts: the coming of Aeneas to Latium aft... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
82emcl | Was the U.S. the first country with Public Schooling? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/82emcl/was_the_us_the_first_country_with_public_schooling/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"To make sure I'm answering your question correctly, can you say more about what you mean by \"public schooling\"? ",
"The short answer is \"no\" and the longer answer is \"it depends on how we define \"first\", \"all\", ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2mf0dv | What's stopping the NSA from monitoring and/or controlling the Tor network? | If the NSA has massive resources, could they monitor so many nodes that anonymity was broken? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2mf0dv/whats_stopping_the_nsa_from_monitoring_andor/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"[Diagram of how tor works](_URL_0_)\n\nTor uses [onion routing](_URL_1_). The sender builds a curcuit of nodes. Each node is only aware of the previous and next node. To compromise the circuit and find who is sending to where, you need to own/op... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Tor-onion-network.png",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_routing",
"https://blog.torproject.org/blog/thoughts-and-concerns-about-operation-onymous"
]
] | |
2j3h70 | unless you're a genius mathematician, whats the point of being a mathematician? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2j3h70/eli5_unless_youre_a_genius_mathematician_whats/ | {
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"text": [
"Most people that have a degree in Math enter graduate school. It can be applied to an type of engineering or finance. Or they could continue in academia. ",
"This question has been answered many times. Math is important... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
i1s6e | Is birth order romantic compatibility pseudo-science? | _URL_0_ | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/i1s6e/is_birth_order_romantic_compatibility/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"You can rest assured that there is no science to this. It is one step away from horoscopes and numerology.",
"Well, yes and no. I tried looking up some studies to check this out, and there are plenty of studies that exa... | [] | [
"http://www.ivillage.co.uk/how-your-birth-order-affects-your-romantic-compatibility/82285"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
9plnls | why is amy schumer hated by everyone? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9plnls/eli5_why_is_amy_schumer_hated_by_everyone/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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2,
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"text": [
"Not everyone thinks she is funny. Perhaps that's her choice of comic topics, or her coarse language, or maybe she's not funny.",
"... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1ija6n | how electrical impulses work between neurons and can they jump the dendrites or does it all work through synapses only? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ija6n/eli5_how_electrical_impulses_work_between_neurons/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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2
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"text": [
"Think about neuron-to-neuron communication as going like this:\n\nElectrical - > chemical - > electrical - > chemical ...and so on. Of course, at such a tiny scale, it gets real obvious that electrical *is* chemical.\n\n... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
7zr4s6 | how does water pressure work? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7zr4s6/eli5_how_does_water_pressure_work/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"If you're washing people away by flooding, like water washing through streets or something, it's all going to be at atmospheric pressure anyway. You would need to worry more about volume. A given volume can be driven through... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
10su8s | the word "jihad". | Why are there so many different definitions of the word? Why do some people consider it to mean crusade and others say it's just a Muslim struggle to keep faith? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/10su8s/eli5_the_word_jihad/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"It's a really old word, and the longer a word is around the more meanings it picks up. The reason for this, and part of the problem with things like \"Jihad\" is that a lot of people aren't using the religious texts for gui... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
6yexus | how does meditation physically alter the brain's structure? | There are several scienctists that claim meditation physically alter the brain's structure.
Meditation is about focusing on the breath and letting thoughts come and og - not about blocking them out. So why do this activity - sitting down and focusing on the breath - alter the brain?
They say we get more grey matter. ... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6yexus/eli5_how_does_meditation_physically_alter_the/ | {
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"text": [
"Imagine you're a guitarist. When you start playing, your fingers don't do what you want them to, they're \"s... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/01/eight-weeks-to-a-better-brain/",
"https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/what-does-mindfulness-meditation-do-to-your-brain/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1mbdko | How does having multiple cores solve the CPU heat barrier? | I mean by the law of conservation of energy, if multiple cores generate more performance, wouldn't it use more energy than a single core and thus release more heat? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1mbdko/how_does_having_multiple_cores_solve_the_cpu_heat/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Given a constant chip size (and fab process, voltage, etc.), having one core vs. multi-core doesn't necessarily change the amount of performance in an *ideal* situation. You keep every circuit on both running at some utiliza... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3f36bp | What did the T-Rex actually look like? Is there any consensus among paleontologists? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3f36bp/what_did_the_trex_actually_look_like_is_there_any/ | {
"a_id": [
"ctli6yk"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Are you asking about their looks at a surface skin level, or the actual dimensions of it's structure? Bone records help with the height and weight estimations, but skin is harder to theorize since it's a protein - and within fossilized records i... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
44mun0 | What do we know of Sir William Marshall as a knight and a warrior? | Do any of the texts specifically mention how skilled he was in battle at all? Was he as dangerous and as effective as modern historians have made him out to be, and what separated him from other knights of his time? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/44mun0/what_do_we_know_of_sir_william_marshall_as_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"czsubbs"
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"text": [
"[Here are a couple of posts](_URL_0_) on Marshal. He was a phenomenal tournament knight, he supposedly captured 500 men during his career, respected warrior, defeating Richard the Lionheart, and died regent of England for Henry III. Aside from hi... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/22z1lf/how_important_was_william_marshal_to_englands/"
]
] | |
1chmnm | In many historical war films, enemy kings or generals often ride out to confront each other before battle. Did this sort of thing really happen? | If so, did anyone ever take advantage of this? Or would it bring too much shame, dishonor? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1chmnm/in_many_historical_war_films_enemy_kings_or/ | {
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"text": [
"[We know from Polybius](_URL_0_) that Scipio may have met with Hannibal before the battle of Zama, and talked a bit about the causes of the war, and each tried to claim that the... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0234%3Abook%3D15%3Achapter%3D6"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herald"
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[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peasants'_Revolt#Smithfield"
]
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xr7ms | So, Redditors of NASA, JPL, and related researchers... what have we learned from this important off-planet mission? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/xr7ms/so_redditors_of_nasa_jpl_and_related_researchers/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5owauw"
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"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I work for neither of those three, but we have just discovered a new, viable landing system for larger payloads =0"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2p2tyy | why is plastic surgery for hands so ineffectve? we see many ageing celebrities with young-looking faces, but their hands always give away their true age. there's surely a market for it, so what's holding it back? | Probably the best example of this phenomenon is [Madonna](_URL_0_), whose face is as tight as a 20 year-old, but whose hands reveal her to be in her mid-50s. She definitely has the money and motivation to make her hands look younger, so there must be a technical reason why it can't be done. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2p2tyy/eli5_why_is_plastic_surgery_for_hands_so/ | {
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"score": [
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13,
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"text": [
"There are procedures to make hands look more youthful. Chemical and laser or light proced... | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/eHWcRvz.jpg"
] | [
[],
[],
[],
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11i02y | the dangers of looking at someone welding/soldering stuff | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/11i02y/eli5_the_dangers_of_looking_at_someone/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6mn4bs"
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"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"Welding often emits ultraviolet radiation, which can harm your eyes- the same reason you shouldn't stare at the sun. I don't know about soldering though- as far as I know there's no reason why you can't look at a soldering iron at work."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
7iu9h3 | human ancestries.. have males always been generally the more dominate sex? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7iu9h3/eli5_human_ancestries_have_males_always_been/ | {
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"text": [
"Human males have historically been the more dominate sex. In humans, the male is large and physically stronger which makes them better at hunting, gathering, and defending the tri... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.google.ca/amp/s/amp.theguardian.com/science/2015/may/14/early-men-women-equal-scientists"
]
] | ||
75plpv | what does the silica packets in boxes of shoes do and why? | When anyone buys shoes, sometimes it comes with silica packets in them. Why? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/75plpv/eli5_what_does_the_silica_packets_in_boxes_of/ | {
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"text": [
"Silica is highly hygroscopic, meaning that it absorbs water from the atmosphere. It is present in shoe boxes (and in certain dry foods, and other items) in order to ensure the encl... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
6txcun | Was there a "retirement plan" for old slaves in America? How often would slaves reach old age, anyways? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6txcun/was_there_a_retirement_plan_for_old_slaves_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"dlord0q"
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"score": [
290
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"text": [
"This is a really interesting question and one that can be approached in many ways depending on region, state, or years of interest. For the sake of time, I'll answer this from a more general perspective, and use specifics when I can. I'll use ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/slavery/ten-facts-about-washington-slavery/",
"http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/intromsa/pdf/slavery_pamphlet.pdf",
"https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/slavery-and-anti-slavery/resources/facts-about-slave-trade-and-slavery",
"http://www.mountverno... | ||
1h24j5 | Book Recommendations on the History of Medicine? | I'm a pre-med student, and I'm really interested by the history of medicine, especially in the area of the Mediterranean and the Near- and Middle-East in Classical antiquity and before. I'm looking for books or articles you'd recommend, either on those periods/areas specifically or on the history of medicine in general... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1h24j5/book_recommendations_on_the_history_of_medicine/ | {
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],
"text": [
"For the history of medicine, you can't beat the [Clio Medica](_URL_2_) series. They're focused primarily on the period 1600-1900, though, which is probably not what you're looking... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.amazon.com/Hermetic-Alchemical-Writings-Paracelsus-Two-Volumes/dp/1578988349/ref=cm_cr_dp_asin_lnk",
"http://www.genizah.org/TheCairoGenizah.aspx",
"http://www.rodopi.nl/senj.asp?SerieId=CLIO#volumes",
"http://www.amazon.com/Para-medical-Manuscripts-Cambridge-Collections-University/dp/... | |
2w6eno | During the US-Soviet space race, what were other country's space programs doing during this time period? | It seems like the only two nations participating in the Space Race (A quick google says it was from 1957 to 1975). Why weren't any other countries involved? Did Britain or France have their own active space agencies at this time? Or any other country for that matter. I'm interested in any space programs/experiments tha... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2w6eno/during_the_ussoviet_space_race_what_were_other/ | {
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"text": [
"My reply will probably be incomplete and I'm sorry, but I hope it will respect the guidelines. \n\nThere weren't countries that parti... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkes_Observatory#Historical_non-astronomy_research"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_%28rocket%29",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ast%C3%A9rix_(satellite)",
"http://www.capcomespace.net/dossiers/espace_europeen/ariane/index.htm",
"http:/... | |
e6msvv | Why was Britannia's economy so dependent on the rest of the empire? And what exactly happened after the Romans left? | Asking this because more than once I've read that the Anglo-Saxons were able to assimilate the Britons because after the Romans left Britain's urban society collapsed. Why is that so? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/e6msvv/why_was_britannias_economy_so_dependent_on_the/ | {
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"text": [
"Roman Britain tended to be a fairly peripheral western province during its existence : its conquest was less motivated by its relative or potential prosperity, and more by political gains (essentially prestige operations and ensuring regional sta... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
doaz4r | why are the people planting lots of trees not worried about the impact on the nutrients in the soil? | I don't know much about ecology on that level as far as the soil balances but won't planting that many new large things that fast effect the soil for a while? Are there plans in place to feed the extra needed nutrients to the soil? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/doaz4r/eli5_why_are_the_people_planting_lots_of_trees/ | {
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"text": [
"Trees bring plants that add nitrogen to the soil, plants die and decay as do all the animals that feed on the p... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/ethiopia-plants-over-350-million-trees-day-setting-new-world-record"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
cqgxzm | how can you have two electrical switches that perform the same role independent of the other switch? | In many houses you have, for example, a corridor with two light switches at either end. When you turn either switch on/off then the light turns on. Similarly, either will turn the light off, independent of the other switch's position. This does not seem to follow either series or parallel circuit logic, so how can this... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cqgxzm/eli5_how_can_you_have_two_electrical_switches/ | {
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"text": [
"I have a corridor in my house which works as one might think it would. Only lights up if both switches are “on” which is hella annoying",
"It's called a three-way switch. The two light switches are... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
30nc22 | how does an induction stove boil water so quickly and not burn your hand? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/30nc22/eli5_how_does_an_induction_stove_boil_water_so/ | {
"a_id": [
"cptzg9s",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Because magnetic fields.\n\nInduction stoves require special pots — the pots have been \"tuned\" to respond to the alternating magnetic field put out by the stovetop, and it is the pot itself that heats up. Your hand — and t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2eensh | ; why do cable companies block out certain programs like sporting events even though i pay for the service? | I couldn't watch the little league World Series because it was blacked out in my area. Thank you DTV | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2eensh/eli5_why_do_cable_companies_block_out_certain/ | {
"a_id": [
"cjyqhfv"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"The local channels are airing it and don't want their viewers stolen by the cable/satellite provider. So the MLB (or other org) forces the cable/sat providers to block it out.\n\ntl;dr: follow the money."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
33byhy | how do dogs know the difference between the road and the sidewalk? | Do they just see it, or can they smell it, or they just not know? I don't know, but I'd like to know | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/33byhy/eli5_how_do_dogs_know_the_difference_between_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cqjfnum"
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"text": [
"Mostly in the same way you know the difference. Dogs can see the different shape/size, different texture, different markings, cars drive only on roads, people walk on sidewalks, they probably do smell different, etc. Each dog may figure it out th... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
9xex0c | What effects does the Gulf stream have on Europe's climate? | I have found a couple of sources that say that it isn't the gulf stream that makes the climate in Europe mild, that this is just a myth.
One source ( _URL_2_ ) says that it is due to winds from America
The other ( _URL_1_ ) says that atmosphere and stationary waves dictate the climate
However I have read that Europe... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9xex0c/what_effects_does_the_gulf_stream_have_on_europes/ | {
"a_id": [
"e9somdk"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Your first set of sources is correct: the warming effect of the Gulf Stream on Europe is vastly overrated by popular science and textbooks. It's not zero, but it's quite small. The author of your first source is one of the definitive experts on... | [] | [
"https://web.archive.org/web/20110723020158/http://www.asparis.net/lowerschool/2dgrade/maps/climate/europe.htm",
"http://ocp.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/ocp/gs/",
"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250969019_The_Source_of_Europe's_Mild_Climate",
"https://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic/north-atlan... | [
[
"https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1256/qj.01.128"
]
] | |
2bj2x4 | why and how do some users moderate 300+ subreddits? obviously they can't do it all, so why are they a mod? | Please don't link usernames and bash them. Unless you need to mention the user to answer the question, leave it out please. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2bj2x4/eli5_why_and_how_do_some_users_moderate_300/ | {
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"text": [
"Many who mod that much founded most of those subreddits. They often put other mods in place to do the job and they just are the top of the chain in case they want to change the community in some way, or the mods go overboard and they have to rem... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3tn75m | why do people feel afraid or like they're being watched when they're alone? | I'm taking about scientific or psychological reasons (sorry no ghosts or angles please). If you know you're alone and secure with no outside danger present why do you sometimes feel a quick spike in fear or hesitation to walk up the stairs into the dark hallway? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3tn75m/eli5why_do_people_feel_afraid_or_like_theyre/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"the fear of the unknown. you really don't know for sure what's up those stairs and that makes us feel uncomfortable",
"I can't say for sure, but I feel like it's evolutionary, and something buried in us from our ancestor... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
ba4bdh | What was the American condiment landscape like before Heinz ketchup came to have a dominant market share? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ba4bdh/what_was_the_american_condiment_landscape_like/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"I'm not sure if this exactly answers your question, but Malcolm Gladwell did an article back in 2004 about the history of ketchup and mustard, specifically focusing on how no one has been able to create a successful challenger to Heinz, but he d... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/09/06/the-ketchup-conundrum"
]
] | ||
6iqusl | Why did Castilian become the default "Spanish" language, instead of the Aragonese language, after Castile and Aragon were united as Spain? | Today the default Spanish language is, or is descended from, Castilian. This is evident because Spanish speakers in the Americas often referring to the Spaniard's accent as "Castilian". But if Castile and Aragon were united peacefully and supposedly equally into the Crown of Spain, then why did Castilian become the dom... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6iqusl/why_did_castilian_become_the_default_spanish/ | {
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"text": [
"/u/LateNightPhiloshopher\n\nAragon and Castile were not united as Spain when Isabella and Ferdinand married and ascended to their respective king/queen-ships, rather they were p... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/66rnvz/how_much_influence_did_erasmus_have_in_spain/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3wsw9h/rise_of_great_powers_ama_part_un_western_europe/cxyzbou",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4f4pm2/late_medieval_society_in_the... | |
4jixi3 | why is that american music/albums are sold in foreign countries but foreign music/albums aren't sold in america? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4jixi3/eli5why_is_that_american_musicalbums_are_sold_in/ | {
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"d36yle9",
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"score": [
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Lots of foreign bands sell music in America. Look up your favorite bands and see where they come from. For example, Justin Bieber is Canadian. The Beatles were British. They sign music deals with Americ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
47aflq | Genghis Khan and his army shot composite Mongolian bows, but what kind? | I've been scouring the internet to find out what bow Genghis Khan's army had used in his successful campaigns, but I cannot find anything specific besides, Mongolian bows. However, I am not satisfied with the answer, surely there had to have been a particular Mongolian bow type. (ex: with cars. You buy a Honda car, but... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/47aflq/genghis_khan_and_his_army_shot_composite/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Right – so a cursory Wikipedia search (bear with me here) mentions that it is a “recurved composite bow”, which, whilst specific to some degree, is still quite broad. Similarly, a quick look over that tells us almost nothing that can be verified ... | [] | [
"http://www.sevenmeadowsarchery.com/store/c14/Mongol_Bows.html",
"http://www.recurvebowshop.com/mongol+bows.htm",
"primativearcher.com",
"http://www.primitivearcher.com/smf/index.php/topic,23666.msg318613.html?PHPSESSID=hd9hffvoa8j2645dbern2k17c7#msg318613"
] | [
[
"https://i.imgur.com/uuCgw29.png",
"https://i.imgur.com/9E9uxmS.png",
"https://i.imgur.com/9YrVJfW.png",
"https://i.imgur.com/2M4Dj3H.png"
]
] | |
1t799y | why are milk advertisements for milk in general rather than a specific brand? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1t799y/eli5_why_are_milk_advertisements_for_milk_in/ | {
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"In 1993, Californian dairies agreed to put three cents from every gallon sold towards an overall marketing campaign to promote milk. ... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | ||
3cka3x | Does the English name for the Hungarian people come from contemporary Europeans erroneously thinking that the invading Magyar were the return of the Huns? | I read some where that people in Europe thought that since the Magyar fought similarly to the Huns (utilizing light horse archers in great number) people of the time thought that they were the Huns who had returned to terrorize Europe once again. WhIle this is false and the Magyar and the Huns are not the same, is it t... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3cka3x/does_the_english_name_for_the_hungarian_people/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Actually no, the name comes from *UNGARI* which in turn comes from Ugor (Ουγγαροί, Ogór, ) which means \"tribe\" in ancient pre-Hungarian tongue of the Bulgarian-Magyar peoples.\n\nVarious languages added different consonants tot he begining of ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2vw07k | Was the 1950s largely middle class, american dream portrayed in modern media a reality in its time? | It seems like when ever anything 1950s US is shown in the media its shown as men in suits and hats driving new cars to office jobs, women being good house wifes and teenagers hangout in their cars in milkbars and burger joints. So the question is was this a time of a rising middle class, obviously there was still poor ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2vw07k/was_the_1950s_largely_middle_class_american_dream/ | {
"a_id": [
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165,
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],
"text": [
"Would-be commenters: Please read through our rules about [answers](_URL_0_) before posting. Answers should be informative, comprehensive, and sourceable. Anecdotes, speculation, and jokes will be ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/rules#wiki_answers"
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[],
[
"http://www.profutures.com/images/usbrate.gif",
"https://books.google.ca/books?id=GYV-63KHXQ4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+feminine+mystique&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0M_fVMT4IIbesATRyYK4CA&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onep... | |
fghus | Why do living things want to survive? | I know this sounds like a stupid question, but I'm serious. What's the point of evolution and reproduction? Why do living organisms so desperately want to live and continue the species? I'm an atheist who believes in evolution, so please don't take this as an attack on evolution or anything like that. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/fghus/why_do_living_things_want_to_survive/ | {
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"If you envisage an environment which allows for variation and self-assembly/replication of systems, only those systems that are good at replicating will per... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
7kj42b | What causes our palm creases, and what affects their length, boldness, etc.? | I read a comment about palm reading, and I realized I didn't know anything about it, so I looked it up and decided I wanted to know what the scientific causes of palm creases are, and to see if perhaps palm reading "means" what it does because of certain types of palm lines being caused by certain actions and behaviors... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7kj42b/what_causes_our_palm_creases_and_what_affects/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
2
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"text": [
"Its just how your skin folds upon itself when you open/close your palm, and you do that alot so the creases appear with time. Some paralysed people lose their creases over time (years) due to not being able to move the bodypart where the creases ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3184b5 | why do a lot of businesses start their day at 8am? | Why do most businesses and offices start their day at 8am? Why not 7? or 10? When was it decided that the world will start at 8am?
Bonus Question: Why is the 8 hr day standard? 8-5? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3184b5/eli5_why_do_a_lot_of_businesses_start_their_day/ | {
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"text": [
"\n'In larger cities like New York, Chicago, Los Angeles the problem comes from traffic and parking. By coming in earlier the traffic is thinned somewhat. So... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
b45jds | When the telephone was invented, would it just ring forever since there were no answering machines? | Could a person making a call leave it ringing until somebody answered? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/b45jds/when_the_telephone_was_invented_would_it_just/ | {
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"text": [
"Well, you have to remember that until the advent of Bell Electronic Switch Systems, in the 1960s, most of the calls were handled by a live human operator that would connect the call from the caller to the destination numbe... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://culturexchange1.wordpress.com/2015/06/02/the-telephone-switchboard-the-story-of-a-revolutionary-instrument/",
"http://www.telephonetribute.com/switches.html"
],
[]
] | |
4to2zs | Why does Xenon form covalent bonds with atoms like Fluorine? | I was looking for an answer to a question and came across [this thread](_URL_0_). While it does explain that the large electronegativity causes fluorine to be able to take these electrons, I'm unsure as to why this forms a covalent bond, rather than an ionic one. Can someone help me out? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4to2zs/why_does_xenon_form_covalent_bonds_with_atoms/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Xenon is a (relatively) massive element which means that those outer electrons are easy to take away. Fluorine is a relatively small element with an incredibly high electronegativity (which is why HF is so bad), which makes ... | [] | [
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1tqpzc/how_does_xenon_bond/?ref=search_posts"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2lwk6e | How can an electron be permanently orbiting an atom if it can be everywhere and anywhere in the universe at the same time? | So I'm relatively new to quantum physics and this in particular has been confusing me. I don't understand how if an electron can exist anywhere and everywhere at a certain time then how can we know that there is an electron orbiting an atom, surely it can't be there for sure because its moving to many different points ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2lwk6e/how_can_an_electron_be_permanently_orbiting_an/ | {
"a_id": [
"clzb0oq"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Quantum objects do not behave the same way as objects with which we are normally familiar. To say that an electron is orbiting a nucleus is not a wholly accurate image. A single electron \"in orbit\" around a Hydrogen nucleus can be thought of as... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital"
]
] | |
hnpgp | Are there a lot of gasses floating around in outerspace? Which ones, and in what quantities? | Basically I am curious as to what actually makes up "space". I have a hard time fathoming the idea of there being a such thing as "nothing". Also what happens when oxygen is sucked out of a spaceship, like can you make concentrated "community" of gas in space? This was originally posted here: _URL_0_ | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hnpgp/are_there_a_lot_of_gasses_floating_around_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1wun0w"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"In outerspace, it's composition is predominately hydrogen and helium in concentrations of about 1 atom per (edit)~~square~~ cubic meter.\n\nAny other gases or elements are in too low concentrations to be measurable."
]
} | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/hnp4u/are_there_a_lot_of_gasses_floating_around_in/"
] | [
[]
] | |
21xtur | why do women crave sweets (specifically chocolate) during "that time of the month" | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/21xtur/eli5_why_do_women_crave_sweets_specifically/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
" > A craving for chocolate during the early menstrual cycle is ofte... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.livestrong.com/article/110754-chocolate-menstrual-cramps/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
b367fw | what is the point of "late fees"? if people couldn't pay a bill on time in the first place, how are they supposed to pay more than the missing bill? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b367fw/eli5_what_is_the_point_of_late_fees_if_people/ | {
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"text": [
"It doesn't make much sense from an ethical standpoint, but it's a way of ensuring people pay in the first place and well it all comes back to profit",
"... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
6f1zic | why are credit/debit cards not coded with the card type? | Frequently when I purchase something with my credit card, the machine asks whether I'm using a credit or debit card. I've even chosen the wrong one before out of curiosity and the transaction went through just fine, and showed up normally on my statement later.
So if it's going to work regardless of which button you ... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6f1zic/eli5_why_are_creditdebit_cards_not_coded_with_the/ | {
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"text": [
"The system by which debit and credit transactions are processed are different, both historically and today. Most cards nowadays are able to work with either one (i.e. debit card... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_Clearing_House"
],
[]
] | |
4djfkg | Book on America's various regional subcultures? | I am looking at Woodard's *American Nations* and Garreau's *The Nine Nations of Noth America.* I'm limited on funds, and I don't have the time to fact check what I read, so I was wondering if someone here can recommend one as more historically credible. Or any third option if you have one. Thanks | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4djfkg/book_on_americas_various_regional_subcultures/ | {
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"Woodard openly credits Garreau's work as one of the foundations of his own book, so he would say *American Nations* represents a refinement or update of the same principles.\n\nI have read Woodard but not Garreau. Woodard's book is extensively en... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1sxqyg | why hasn't wikipedia gone to an ad based model yet if they are losing money? | Almost annually Wikipedia asks for money to help support their costs. I don't see how the one time a year they ask for money solves anything and it's only a matter of time before they go to ads. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1sxqyg/eli5why_hasnt_wikipedia_gone_to_an_ad_based_model/ | {
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"text": [
"Because they really don't want to. Wikipedia has always been ad fre... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/WMF-AR_2011%E2%80%9312_EN_SHIP2_17dec12_300dpi_hi-res.pdf"
],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Funding_Wikipedia_through_advertisements"
],
[],
[
"https://donate.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Fund... | |
2fs1mc | when using microsoft word, why can't you save a file title that has a colon, semicolon or quotation marks? | When using Microsoft Word, why can't you save a file title that has a colon, semicolon or quotation marks? But you can save a file that has a title with a dash and parentheses. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2fs1mc/eli5_when_using_microsoft_word_why_cant_you_save/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckc7cvt"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Those are reserved characters for file paths, or they are command operators. If you could use them in filenames, it would create ambiguous paths or commands.\n\nHere's a list of characters you can't use in Windows filenames:\n\n\n < (less t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
23qpv0 | Why does India have so many languages while next door China which is much bigger in size not so many? | Thank you all for the responses. But my query was more India centric in the sense that what conditions led to so much fragmentation in the Indian subcontinent in terms of language, culture etc. (this is my first post on reddit so pls excuse me if I'm not doing it right) | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/23qpv0/why_does_india_have_so_many_languages_while_next/ | {
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20,
2,
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"text": [
"Actually, as a person learning from Chinese from a teacher who makes a point to teach us about China and has been to China, the nation has many, many languag... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN",
"http://www.muturzikin.com/cartesasie/10.htm",
"https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PG",
"https://www.ethnologue.com/country/CN",
"http://www.muturzikin.com/cartesasie/9.htm"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
62v24z | How much of my ancestors' genetic material do I really have? | We have traced our family lineage back to 1350 AD along the northern border of what is now France and Germany. It's been a little over 26 generations between when they lived and now. Can any one estimate how much genetic material actually resides within me from that time? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/62v24z/how_much_of_my_ancestors_genetic_material_do_i/ | {
"a_id": [
"dfpvmgd",
"dfq6jpf"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"No, you would need to have a sample of there DNA. It's almost certain that your ancestors shared alleles or were related (hopefully distant relatives). Also, not all DNA is crosslinks the same, so this would further complica... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
xuhl7 | Oceanographers: What is on the bottom of the majority of the Pacific Ocean? | Several questions that I seem unable to find through a Google search:
* Which areas of the Pacific ocean floor have lots of life?
* Is there a depth at which the amount of life drops off significantly?
* Is the entire Ocean floor filled with hydrothermal vents? Or are these only found in certain locations?
Thank y... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/xuhl7/oceanographers_what_is_on_the_bottom_of_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5pqa46"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"The pacific plate is composed primarily of [basalt](_URL_8_) basement. To varying degrees, based on age, depth, and over-lying productivity, this is covered with sediment; [calcareous ooze, silicious ooze, and clay](_URL_2_).\n\nBenthic life is ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.pnas.org/content/103/17/6448.full",
"http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/research/divisions/fed/oeip/db-coastal-upwelling-index.cfm",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediment",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_Hydrothermal_Vents",
"http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/HCV/loihivents.h... | |
5iawmd | how was the colosseum built? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5iawmd/eli5how_was_the_colosseum_built/ | {
"a_id": [
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4
],
"text": [
"Manpower (not just workers but good engineers who used arches) and wealth (remember that this was when Vespasian made Rome great again) as well as concrete the likes of which match modern day concrete.",
"The Romans were... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
5ltbnq | In the time of Cleopatra were the Pyramids still being worshipped and kept in repair? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5ltbnq/in_the_time_of_cleopatra_were_the_pyramids_still/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbyu2wo",
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"score": [
78,
22
],
"text": [
"More of a clarifying question, but were the pyramids themselves worshipped? Were old pharaohs buried in them still worshipped ? ",
"We have only a little information about the state of Egyptian structures in the late... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QrMRBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT191&dq=thutmosis+dream+stele&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjt9LzNgqnRAhVsCsAKHVw9DLIQ6AEIPzAG#v=onepage&q=thutmosis%20dream%20stele&f=false",
"http://www.guardians.net/hawass/sphinx2.htm",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wi... | ||
3vvqqc | Accounts of WWII shipbuilding? | I was looking into Bath Iron Works today, as the Zumwalt just went out to sea, and was astounded by the sheer number of huge ships produced there during WWII. What was it like to be building ships there? How many people were moved there to work? Any kind of information that gives an idea of the scale would be appreciat... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3vvqqc/accounts_of_wwii_shipbuilding/ | {
"a_id": [
"cxrc7r8"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Congrats! Not many folks will have had such a unique, historic experience. \n\nIf you're looking for a book about the firsthand experience, you might consider Augusta Clawson's *The Shipyard Diary of a Woman Welder,* which was a bestseller when i... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3xtird | Did Ancient Rome have copyrite and trademarks? | For example, if someone invented a new pottery wheel for his pot factory, could a competitor simply copy his invention?
Or if a certain play was a big hit, could another playwrite simply copy the original characters and produce a sort of "unlicensed" sequel?
| AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3xtird/did_ancient_rome_have_copyrite_and_trademarks/ | {
"a_id": [
"cy7nhuf"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"J.A. Crook's Law and Life of Ancient Rome says that one of the generalizations concerning Roman commercial law is that \"[t]here was no law of patent or copyright, [and] no protection for property in ideas.\" Rome didn't have modern technologies ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4g452z | why are some people paid salary and others hourly? wouldn't it be easier just to pay every employee a salary? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4g452z/eli5why_are_some_people_paid_salary_and_others/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Being salaried generally implies that you are working a set number of hours every week, being hourly generally implies you work a variable schedule.",
"If I, as an electrician... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.monster.com/career-advice/article/whats-the-difference-between-exempt"
]
] | ||
7yl2is | if all ingested carbohydrates are just reduced to glucose anyway, what makes "simple" carbs (soda, pastry, wonder bread) different compared to "complex" carbs (whole wheat, rice)? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7yl2is/eli5_if_all_ingested_carbohydrates_are_just/ | {
"a_id": [
"duhdhem",
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"score": [
31,
6,
29
],
"text": [
"Simple carbs are broken down very quickly, while complex ones are broken down much more slowly. Complex ones offer a more stable source of energy. You'd have to eat a lot more of simple ones to get th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
5v9vnd | Why didn't Nixon immediately destroy his recordings once reporters first started investigating Watergate? | Woodward and Bernstein took a while to reach the President in their investigations -- plenty of time for Nixon to destroy his voice recordings. Why didn't he? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5v9vnd/why_didnt_nixon_immediately_destroy_his/ | {
"a_id": [
"de0fl45",
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Wonderful question! It's [something that still comes up today](_URL_0_), and there's no certain answer unless you've got a telepathic time traveler handy. That said, **we do know that Nixon considered destroying the White H... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/237296-rnc-on-clinton-even-nixon-didnt-destroy-the-tapes",
"http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1552&context=nlr",
"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/nixon/103097tapes.htm",
"https://www.archives.gov/publications/prolog... | |
498to8 | if we could harpoon the moon with a set amount of rockets, could we drag/move the moon closer to the earth? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/498to8/eli5_if_we_could_harpoon_the_moon_with_a_set/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
2,
2
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"text": [
"Harpooning it with rockets and tugging on an attached cable wouldn't work terribly well. (It would work horribly.) \nHowever, mounting a rocket motor on the Moon's equator, and firing that motor when its exhaust is pointin... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
5lgw1c | why is there a separate security code on credit cards? if the three extra digits make it that much more secure, why not just make the number three digits longer? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5lgw1c/eli5_why_is_there_a_separate_security_code_on/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Two main reasons:\n\n1. They're in a different spot than the ma... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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[],
[],
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] | ||
9m8zln | How does the brains of conjoined twins process sensation? | Like if they touch a hot surface does that immediate response to move away get sent to both brains or just one? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9m8zln/how_does_the_brains_of_conjoined_twins_process/ | {
"a_id": [
"e7eiyqc",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"It depends on where and how they are conjoined. If they're conjoined at the hip through a very narrow bit of tissue they will have fully independent nervous systems. If they're conjoined at the chest they might each control... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2y209n | can private military companies be used to fight is? | From what I understand there are still thousands of contractors who are still in Iraq. Would it be possible to send them to fight against IS or are there laws preventing that? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2y209n/eli5can_private_military_companies_be_used_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"cp5hhoh",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Can they - yes.\n\nCould the US afford to pay them to do it - also yes\n\nAre they willing to do it - probably not\n\nWill they make a total hash of it - probably yes",
"We dont \"send\" them like we send troops.\n\nWe a... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
j3iir | we did baseball; how about explaining cricket like i'm five (and american)? | As a follow up to [this question about Baseball](_URL_0_) from a non-American, would someone return the favor and explain Cricket like I'm an American five-year-old? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/j3iir/we_did_baseball_how_about_explaining_cricket_like/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"[Asked and answered](_URL_0_)",
"The way I understand it, the game still runs on outs. However, you don't get out by 3 strikes. It's whether the wicket (picture 3 bowling pins) behind you get knocked over. This can ha... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/j38oq/please_explain_baseball_to_me_like_im_a_five_year/"
] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/j3ah7/explain_the_rules_of_cricket_to_me_please/"
],
[]
] | |
7atz3c | Were the Germans allowed to execute resistance members by the geneva convention? | I was wondering this, would they be classed as POW's if they surrendered just like soldiers or would they be part of a different group? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7atz3c/were_the_germans_allowed_to_execute_resistance/ | {
"a_id": [
"dpdb7gr"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Technically, the captured members of the resistance were not considered as POWs by the Geneva Conventions. This is because the French resistance, for example, did not wear uniforms or identifying marks visible at a distance, nor did they carry a... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2ixtti | What was the Belgian involvement in the Algerian war of Independence? | I just ran into a guy who claimed to be a paratrooper (or commando) from Belgium who fought, and was captured, in Algeria at the end of hostilities during the Algerian war of Independence. I'd never heard of Belgian involvement in this conflict and was wondering if anyone had any more information. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ixtti/what_was_the_belgian_involvement_in_the_algerian/ | {
"a_id": [
"cl6h6go",
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],
"score": [
9,
2
],
"text": [
"The nation of Belgium and its armed forces was not involved in the Algerian War. There are no existing records or sources that reference any involvement of the Belgium armed forces for the French cause. Are you certain that ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2qhkm3 | how would my call be directed to the nearest police station if i were to call 911 on a random highway? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2qhkm3/eli5_how_would_my_call_be_directed_to_the_nearest/ | {
"a_id": [
"cn65td2"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"The most common answer is that your cellular company can tell where (in general) you are by looking at what cell tower your phone is attached to, and (in specific) by looking at the E911 data your cellphone is sending, which usually includes GPS ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://xkcd.com/1129/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_9-1-1"
]
] | ||
5b00qx | What was the difference between COMINCH and CNO of the US Navy during WW2? | I know that King was made COMINCH after pearl harbor, and later took over both roles after Stark was transferred to England, but what was the difference in their duties when they each held one role?
Further, how did King's responsibilities change after he took over both roles?
Thanks in advance! | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5b00qx/what_was_the_difference_between_cominch_and_cno/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"King's savior and resurgence of his career was in part the coming together of 3 different factors meeting the world events of late 1940-1942 and the need for high energy in naval high command.\n\n1. Was his eventually close relationship with FDR,... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
f3dpgl | What good sources (books, documentaries, etc) exists about the christianisation of Scandinavia? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/f3dpgl/what_good_sources_books_documentaries_etc_exists/ | {
"a_id": [
"fhiomoj"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Anders Winroth, _The Conversion of Scandinavia: Vikings, Merchants, and Missionaries in the Remaking of Northern Europe_, Yale University Press, 2014\n\nNora Berend (ed), _Christianization and the rise of Christian Monarchy - Scandinavia, Central... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4df5wq | how can certain presidents serve almost entire terms without vice presidents (ford, jackson, roosevelt), who takes over the vps duties and why isn't a new vice president chosen? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4df5wq/eli5_how_can_certain_presidents_serve_almost/ | {
"a_id": [
"d1qe7ns"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Because at that time there was no provision for filling the vacancy of a vice president. \nIt was only added with the [25th Amendment](_URL_1_) in 1967. \nOtherwise the Vice-President doesn't actually do a whole lot of real functions, just lo... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"
]
] | ||
191knu | How did Mesoamerican rulers rule without written language? | When I think of whether eastern or western rulers, I think of imperial decrees bearing seals being passed down to the provinces. How did those Mesoamerican rulers who did not have a written language rule their domains and subjects, some of which were quite large? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/191knu/how_did_mesoamerican_rulers_rule_without_written/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8k104r",
"c8k1d00",
"c8k3l01"
],
"score": [
2,
44,
10
],
"text": [
"Sorry for the wikipedia link, but I just remembered a concept that I haven't heard since I was a kid: [Quipu](_URL_0_), mnemonic knots which convey simple messages, akin to the earliest forms of cunei... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quipu"
],
[
"http://ancientscripts.com/ma_ws.html"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quipu"
]
] | |
3kvd8n | how is obama getting the iran deal passed? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3kvd8n/eli5_how_is_obama_getting_the_iran_deal_passed/ | {
"a_id": [
"cv0ujm9"
],
"score": [
11
],
"text": [
"Technically, the deal does not need to be \"passed\". He just needs to make sure it does not get vetoed by the Senate. A veto needs 2/3 of the votes, or 67 votes. As long as there are 34 senators who approve of it, it can't get vetoed so it goes... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
5xutxy | does your depth perception change as you grow up and your eyes get farther apart? | I would imagine it's not a big difference, but I was curious anyway. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5xutxy/eli5_does_your_depth_perception_change_as_you/ | {
"a_id": [
"del0mit"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Your brain and your eyes are constantly adjusting. That little change over years are easily accommodated by accommodation. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
25jyzq | how do the snapchat "hack" apps work without a snapchat api? | How can they interact with another app on iOS without needing API access? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/25jyzq/eli5_how_do_the_snapchat_hack_apps_work_without_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"chhwo39"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"They are jailbroken devices, with full file system access."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3tofif | why do dogs always seem hungry? | Or at least up for a treat? Like, they may have just had food but if someone is eating something a dog will stand there and look at you waiting for a piece. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3tofif/eli5_why_do_dogs_always_seem_hungry/ | {
"a_id": [
"cx7v47s"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"Dogs evolved from wolves whose food supply was unreliable -- thus they would eat at any opportunity, because it was never certain where their next meal would come from.\n\nAlso, they evolved to live in packs, where if you didn't eat something ri... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
kskd4 | - how does one cash in on stock market crashes, rescissions and depressions? | I Just watched the [video](_URL_0_) of the analist on BBC talking about how the stock market is going to crash hard and how he's been dreaming of it for a long time. He mentioned that if you had the proper setup you could make a S-ton of money when the market crashes...
ELI5 How. How do I do it? How do I set it up, an... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/kskd4/eli5_how_does_one_cash_in_on_stock_market_crashes/ | {
"a_id": [
"c2mvb3o",
"c2mvdnr",
"c2mvb3o",
"c2mvdnr"
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"score": [
3,
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"I'm assuming he's talking about shorting stock. When you short a stock you borrow the stock from someone else and you sell it. After a (short) period of time, you buy the stock at ... | [] | [
"http://www.zerohedge.com/news/bbc-speechless-trader-tells-truth-collapse-comingand-goldman-rules-world"
] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1s36t5 | how is it possible for the universe to stop expanding? | According to this thread (_URL_0_), once we reach a point of maximum entropy, the universe stops expanding? I cant quite grasp this concept, as there should be something on the other side if that makes sense. I suppose I could give a bad analogy, like if I was in a room and a single wall split the room in half, and the... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1s36t5/eli5how_is_it_possible_for_the_universe_to_stop/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdthl1s",
"cdtip9e"
],
"score": [
3,
5
],
"text": [
"Energy cannot be created or destroyed only converted between different types. For example when you put the brakes on in your car the energy the car has from moving called kinetic energy is turned into heat energy, known as t... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1s2ou3/if_energy_cannot_be_created_and_the_universe_is/"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
36falb | Any recommendations for books on mythology? | I love learning about various culture's myths and stories but haven't been able to find any good books besides a few on Greek myhtology that aren't too in depth. What are some books that you would recommend that I should check out? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/36falb/any_recommendations_for_books_on_mythology/ | {
"a_id": [
"crdhum9",
"crdp6ra",
"crds5tp"
],
"score": [
3,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Edith Hamilton's \"Mythology\" is always a good place to start for Greek and Roman, and a little Norse. Others may be able to recommend for other cultures, my main experience is with Greece and Rome. ",... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
26jvaf | When did the first male / female ancestor appear in the history of life? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/26jvaf/when_did_the_first_male_female_ancestor_appear_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"chrtj3p"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"According to Wikipedia: The first fossilized evidence of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes is from the Stenian period, about 1 to 1.2 billion years ago. _URL_0_ .\n\nIt's a fair bet that there were several starts to sexual reproduction, but we pr... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproduction"
]
] | ||
v80e1 | If the universe is infinite, why is the night sky black? | I hope I'm wording this right, but it's always kind of been on my mind.
If the universe is infinite (or just really, really, really, really big) shouldn't our entire field of vision above our heads at night be the color of stars/planets, and not darkness? Shouldn't every void in space at some point in infinity be fil... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/v80e1/if_the_universe_is_infinite_why_is_the_night_sky/ | {
"a_id": [
"c524h60",
"c524jco",
"c5250tn",
"c525l2c",
"c525wyg",
"c525xij",
"c5269m1",
"c526i7t",
"c526ixm",
"c526nas",
"c5270u4",
"c528uxt",
"c52a9p9",
"c52aaxu",
"c52b194",
"c52ci9r",
"c52dddc"
],
"score": [
482,
136,
14,
276,... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://io9.com/5567636/why-is-the-sky-black-at-night"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable_universe#The_universe_versus_the_observable_universe",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable_universe"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_epoch",
"http://en.wikipedia.or... | |
1uqyvm | What did people think of the anatomical and cognitive similarities between humans and apes before before evolution? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1uqyvm/what_did_people_think_of_the_anatomical_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cekw4ib",
"cel9hiw",
"celcp57"
],
"score": [
60,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Hanno the Navigator thought that gorillas, at least, were people:\n\n > On the third day after our departure thence, having sailed by those streams of fire, we arrived at a bay called the Southern Horn... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://archive.is/ueg8",
"http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Hanno.html"
],
[
"https://www.google.com/search?q=monkey+in+medieval+manuscripts&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=_5jOUsKRMMa_0QXfxYGAAQ&ved=0CCsQsAQ&biw=1306&bih=739",
"http://25.media.tumblr.com/GE10xdC... | ||
48aabv | why bolt action shotguns and pump actions rifle stopped being a thing? | I know both those things do exist and are at least kinda viable, as there were commercial models that were successful. I also know that bolt-action became and still is the go-to operation mode for non semi-auto "one shot at a time" rifles, and pump-action to shotguns. What are the reasons? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/48aabv/eli5_why_bolt_action_shotguns_and_pump_actions/ | {
"a_id": [
"d0i0u1l"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"The reason the bolt action shotgun fell out of favor is because a rifle action on a shotgun is non-intuitive. Shotguns are typically used for waterfowl or upland hunting, where snap shots are common, and reloads need to be rapid. A pump allows yo... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2u0ai0 | In the 11th century, why were Flanders, Toulouse, and Vermandois ruled by counts rather than dukes? | They're as large as the major duchies of France and about as powerful. Why was this?
In an 11th-12th century context, was there a major symbolic difference between a count and a duke? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2u0ai0/in_the_11th_century_why_were_flanders_toulouse/ | {
"a_id": [
"co447f0"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"The suggestion that 'dukes' and 'counts' are some sort of neat hierarchy of rank is a post-medieval invention, a desire to map a modern fictional 'feudal pyramid' onto the medieval period. In fact, we don't know why all ducal and comital territor... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3xj55f | Is Woodstock given too much credit as a society changing event? Is it being remembered nostalgically by the media & aged hippies as more than it really was? Or was it real turning point in the way of thinking at the time? | Edit: missed an 'a' | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3xj55f/is_woodstock_given_too_much_credit_as_a_society/ | {
"a_id": [
"cy5c7jo"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"Well, it may have popularized [the phenomenon of holding lit cigarette lighters at rock concerts.](_URL_0_)\n\nIt was pouring rain in Bethel, New York on Friday, Aug. 15, 1969. A thunderstorm had moved into the area, drenching 400,000 people at t... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ownn2/people_at_rock_concerts_in_the_70s_held_lit/cmrhlxj",
"https://books.google.com/books?id=CT_ViUaYTfwC&lpg=PT14&ots=fTlfTiswR4&dq=lighters%20at%20concerts%20origin&pg=PT14#v=onepage&q&f=false",
"https://www.linkedin.com/pub... | |
bsnuw7 | unitary executive theory | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bsnuw7/eli5_unitary_executive_theory/ | {
"a_id": [
"eoolzjg"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It's the idea that the president of the United States has unlimited or nearly unlimited powers to control the executive branch of the federal government. There are different interpretations as to how far this power actually goes. The most extreme... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
29e2x9 | Do you believe in the land bridge theory? Why? | I think the Continental Drift Theory is more accurate. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/29e2x9/do_you_believe_in_the_land_bridge_theory_why/ | {
"a_id": [
"cik0xa2"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Could you elaborate on what you mean exactly?\nThe most common uses (without further context) of \"land bridge theory\" and \"continental drift theory\" describe two different things. (The former how the Americas were populated, the latter how th... | [] | [] | [
[]
] |
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