q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
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6snjgy | how do headphones create sound by connecting a metal post into a metal housing and sending information through a wire into speakers? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6snjgy/eli5_how_do_headphones_create_sound_by_connecting/ | {
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"They don't send \"information\", they send an analog electrical signal. That signal is run through a coil to produce a magnetic field. A small permanent magnet reacts to the field, moving a small speaker cone back and fort... | [] | [] | [
[],
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5qlea5 | why do so many people equate abortion with murder when an unwanted baby is often subject to a lifetime of pain and depression due to their parent's inability to care for the child? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5qlea5/eli5_why_do_so_many_people_equate_abortion_with/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Because apparently a life full of suffering and pain that likely ends tragically, is better than not being alive at all."
]
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[]
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9av5ku | if dust in houses is mostly caused by dead human skin cells then why are old abandoned houses always so dusty? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9av5ku/eli5_if_dust_in_houses_is_mostly_caused_by_dead/ | {
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"There's no-one there to clean them. Dust, which comes from many sources of which dead skin cells are only one, builds up over time. Most people do at least a little cleaning of t... | [] | [] | [
[],
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xp6sy | I wonder what historians think of Niall Ferguson. | I read his book, The Ascent of Money, and I liked it. I've tried reading more of his work, but it's awfully political at parts. Which makes me skeptical. I googled opinions about him, I read his research on the Rothchilds was original and excellent but that his work went a bit downhill from there. I wonder what actual ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/xp6sy/i_wonder_what_historians_think_of_niall_ferguson/ | {
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"I can only speak about his work on empire - which most historians dismiss as too one-sided and just bad. To put it bluntly, he gives a very distorted view of the British Empire, implying that, on the... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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12zccz | why can't i become the president of the united states (i was born in canada)? | Why is it that because I am not a natural born citizen of the United States, I can not become the President (or vice-President), but I can be appointed to the cabinet, or become a senator, or a governor, or even the General of the Army? I doesn't make much sense to me. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/12zccz/why_cant_i_become_the_president_of_the_united/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Its the rules\n\n**US Constitution, Article II, Section 1**\n\nNo person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of ... | [] | [] | [
[],
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xtlnz | what does curiosity do besides taking pictures of mars? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/xtlnz/what_does_curiosity_do_besides_taking_pictures_of/ | {
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"text": [
"It's got a chemical sniffer, a laser, and a drill. All for looking for chemistry of one form or another that might indicate prior life, or the possibility of future life. And when it meets Spirit and Opportunity they can ... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/instruments/"
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3maaew | When did a majority of Texans begin speaking English instead of Spanish? | While Texas was a Mexican state, I'm going to assume the official language was Spanish, but I know that many settlers (if Stephen F. Austin's 300 families and the large immigration from the US were any indicator) likely spoke Spanish as a second language at best. All documents I've seen from the independent Republic of... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3maaew/when_did_a_majority_of_texans_begin_speaking/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Stephen Austin founded his colony in 1821. At that time, there were fewer than 8,000 Spanish-speaking *tejanos* and perhaps 15,000 Native Americans in Texas. These numbers should be taken with a grain of salt. Many of the Native Americans in Tex... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ulc01"
]
] | |
1x6b0u | What source(s) (primary if possie) could be used as evidence for a paper on the Nazi regieme's efforts to conceal the Holocaust from the public eye? | I'm working on a paper on the above topic but am having some dificulty locating reliable scources on it. I have a few, such as a compilation of code words used by the Nazis in their writting (EG liquidating rather than murdering, etc) and an article about the temporary slow-down in persecution during the 1936 Olympics,... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1x6b0u/what_sources_primary_if_possie_could_be_used_as/ | {
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"text": [
"Nazi-Germany did not try to conceal the holocaust in the east at all. Public mass shootings were common practice. Please read Mark Mazower's Dark Continent for background. \nThey did try to conceal the ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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"http://www.amazon.com/Farewell-Marienburg-Claus-Neumann/dp/0595398251"
]
] | |
34hu1p | What is the role of a neutral wire in an A/C? Does the return current in an A/C pass through the live or the neutral wire? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/34hu1p/what_is_the_role_of_a_neutral_wire_in_an_ac_does/ | {
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"It's the same as the role of neutral wire in DC: in order for the current to move, it has to have a conductor to move through.\n\nIn a closed circuit, there is no difference between the live and the neutral wire; the only re... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | ||
9f2v7g | how does glass work to help plants grow? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9f2v7g/eli5_how_does_glass_work_to_help_plants_grow/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"What do you mean?\n\nLike greenhouses? They let in light and trap heat, allowing plants to grow in colder climates than they could otherwise.",
"Greenhouse design and construction is a fairly detailed science on its own.... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | ||
22qlvb | why do red and blonde hair tend to run in the same families if there both recessive genes? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/22qlvb/eli5_why_do_red_and_blonde_hair_tend_to_run_in/ | {
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"text": [
"I'm not entirely sure of the allele frequencies of red/blonde hair but I'll continue regardless. By allele frequency I mean the number of people in the population who carry the particular gene variant/allele e.g. blonde/red hair\n\nThey must be a... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1nkyiq | how does turning on a lightbulb use more electricity than keeping it running? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1nkyiq/eli5how_does_turning_on_a_lightbulb_use_more/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"There must be an initial surge of energy to get the filament to the proper temperature to produce the light. ",
"It all depends on how long you would be leaving it on for as opposed to possibly simply walking out and wal... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://dsc.discovery.com/tv-shows/mythbusters/videos/lights-on-or-off-minimyth.htm"
]
] | ||
3bw7rl | What led to the development of marine infantry units? | I know my question may not be specific enough to warrant a specific answer, but I am curious about why there are infantry forces assigned to ships ("marine" units) if there are already combat-proficient sailors and land-infantry units that could accomplish the same function of combat. Why is there a need for marine-typ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3bw7rl/what_led_to_the_development_of_marine_infantry/ | {
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"text": [
"This is a bit of a throughout history question, so it would be best to narrow it down. In broad strokes though there are advantages in having troops who are specialized in certain aspects of warfare, ready to deploy abroad, and under control of y... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1sgk3v | What tactics did viking raid victims come up with to counter the invasions? | Edit1: thanks for the response, i would also ask in military terms if any specific adaptations were made ? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1sgk3v/what_tactics_did_viking_raid_victims_come_up_with/ | {
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"In the Kingdom Wessex under Alfred the Great, the Burghal system was implemented in response to the Viking raids from Danelaw and o... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/research/projects/burghalhidage/hidage"
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[],
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"https://classesv2.yale.edu/access/content/user/haw6/Vikings/Annals%20of%20St%20Bertin.html"
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1mw4ch | If water conservation is so vital to mammals, why do we pee? Why not transfer toxins into stool and recycle the water? Are there any animals that have evolved to do this? | Bizarre thought I had upon waking up that is now bothering me a great deal. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1mw4ch/if_water_conservation_is_so_vital_to_mammals_why/ | {
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"Safely excreting waste tends to be a balancing act between water and energy. Land animals in non-desert climates tend to urinate in the sense you are familiar with. However, animals in climates in wh... | [] | [] | [
[],
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uorc1 | Why do dogs walk in a circle before they lay down? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/uorc1/why_do_dogs_walk_in_a_circle_before_they_lay_down/ | {
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"There are a couple of theories ranging from circling behaviour intended to pad down grass to be more comfortable, to circling in order to judge wind direction and lay nose faci... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://youtu.be/fsBNDvWGvAU"
],
[],
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"http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1652/why-do-dogs-circle-before-lying-down"
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574jsf | In US Presidential election history, has there been cases where the losing candidate completely refused to recognize the results of the election? | And if so, what happened? How did they bring it to a resolution? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/574jsf/in_us_presidential_election_history_has_there/ | {
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"text": [
"Hi there, I'm going to approve this question because it asks about the historical record, but for potential respondents: Please remember that our subreddit rules explicitly forbid both [discussion of current events](_URL_1_) as well as [political... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/rules#wiki_no_political_agendas_or_moralising",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/rules#wiki_no_current_events"
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] | |
bwz9km | how did columbus communicated with the aztecs if they didn’t speak their language and vise versa? | Edit* I meant Hernan Cortes not Columbus. I have failed my history teachers! | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bwz9km/eli5_how_did_columbus_communicated_with_the/ | {
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"Columbus didn't communicate with the Aztecs. He never met them. \n\nHernan Cortes was the man responsible for destroying the Aztec empire. \n\nWhen Cortes first landed in the Yucatan he met Geronimo de Aguilar, a Spanish Franciscan priest who had... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
ttkq4 | Are new planets and stars currently being formed? | Same as title. I know that the Universe is, or at least the theory is that it is, expanding. So the distance between objects is increasing. Also know that stars go Super-nova, die, planets explode, and black holes form and swallow things up. But are there places in the Universe where new stars and planets are create? ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ttkq4/are_new_planets_and_stars_currently_being_formed/ | {
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"text": [
"There are new planets and stars being formed all the time. And old ones being destroyed. We cannot directly or even indirectly observe most of this due to the distance between our solar system and these other systems and galaxies, but it is happe... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://thechive.com/2012/04/18/a-fascinatingly-disturbing-thought-video/"
]
] | |
b9x26m | how integrals can calculate areas? | im new here so im sorry if this doesnt belong here, but this question is driving me crazy all the explanations i could find are pretty complex, im suppoused to imagine an infinite amount of squares or something like that? but than, how could it ever be accurate?
| explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b9x26m/eli5_how_integrals_can_calculate_areas/ | {
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"text": [
"There is a 2d area underneath the curve of a function, or in between functions. There are also 3D volumes under and between curves, the x, y, and imaginary z axis. \n\nNow, when you want to find these ... | [] | [] | [
[],
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9cbbms | Seeking for the translation of what Diogene said to Alexander the Great. | First thing first sorry if this is the wrong place to ask this, but I spent the weekend looking for solution but couldn't find one.
For a project (illustration) I am looking for the ancient greek translation of what Diogene the Cynic said to alexander the great "Stand out of my sunlight".
Problem is I don't speak gre... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9cbbms/seeking_for_the_translation_of_what_diogene_said/ | {
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"text": [
"If I understand you right, you're asking for the Greek text? That's in Plutarch's Life of Alexander, 14.3. It looks like this:\n > ‘μικρὸν’ εἶπεν, ‘ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου μετάστηθι’\n\nεἶπεν is \"he said.\" So actual quote would be ‘μικρὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡλίο... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0129%3Achapter%3D14%3Asection%3D3"
]
] | |
e1gesn | Is there number to acceleration of Universe expansion? | I mean, velocity of expansion is the Hubble constant. The value of it is found in Wikipedia.
But how one expresses the acceleration of the expansion? Is there observational number to it? How large is this number? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/e1gesn/is_there_number_to_acceleration_of_universe/ | {
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"text": [
"The expansion rate has units of inverse time (for practical reasons it is given as km/(s\\*Megaparsec) but that is a length in numerator and denominator). How the expansion changes over time has units of inverse time squared: 1/s^(2).\n\nIt can b... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedmann_equations#Equations"
]
] | |
3u9lci | how does the same model of device get software updates at different times during a rollout? | When a company releases a software update, sometimes they "roll it out" over the course of a few days. How does it become available to one device on Day One and an identical device not until Day 3? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3u9lci/eli5how_does_the_same_model_of_device_get/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Every device had a unique serial number. The device sends its serial number to the update server which uses it to decide whether the device gets an update. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3oc4ms | do "not for individual sale" warnings on products have any legal binding? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3oc4ms/eli5_do_not_for_individual_sale_warnings_on/ | {
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"text": [
"The point of the label is that required legal statements (like nutrition and ingredients) aren't on the individually wrapped servings but rather on the box they came in. These wa... | [] | [] | [
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449bxo | why couldn't martin shkreli call the committee of congressmen imbeciles right at the hearing ? can he invoke his 5th amendment and still them to go take a hike? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/449bxo/eli5_why_couldnt_martin_shkreli_call_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Just like contempt of court, you can be fined or jailed for contempt of congress.\n\nYou have to respect the proceedings even if you do not respect the people."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
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4su7xl | why does a knife need to be moved to be sharp? if you touch a knife it's ok, but if you drag your finger down the edge it hurts. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4su7xl/eli5_why_does_a_knife_need_to_be_moved_to_be/ | {
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"Knives are still sharp straight-on and can cut that way. However,... | [] | [] | [
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"http://www.asharperrazor.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/knife-edge-300x240.jpg"
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"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Japanese_knife_blade_types_B.svg/2000px-Japanese_knife_blade_types_B.svg.png",
"http://www.skwirk.com/content/upload/images/Secondary/N... | ||
1facnp | If one of an entangled pair of particles is entangled again, what happens to the entangled values in the system? | Say two electrons are entangled by spin, so one is spin-up and the other down. Is it possible to entangle one of these two with a third electron, by spin, without collapsing the state of the system first?
If it is possible to "double entangle" an electron in this way, is it viable to reason about the individual states... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1facnp/if_one_of_an_entangled_pair_of_particles_is/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Three electrons can be maximally entangled as \n\nuuu + ddd\n\nuuu + ddu + dud + udd\n\nuuu + udd + duu + ddd\n\nThese are all [GHZ](_URL_0_) states. They're triply entangled, so there are no 'individual states'. Any single measurement of any ele... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger_state"
]
] | |
eo7a0t | as alcohol sterilizes stuff, when we drink booze it kills the good bacteria inside us? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/eo7a0t/eli5_as_alcohol_sterilizes_stuff_when_we_drink/ | {
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"text": [
"Alcohol is absorbed in your small intestines and subsequently processed and broken down enzymatically by your liver long before it reaches your colon. The colon aka large intestin... | [] | [] | [
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1ph2rw | Does capillary action take salt water with it? Why or why not? | Since the salt molecule is heavier than the H2O, it seems like the height it could travel up something like string or paper would be less than freshwater. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ph2rw/does_capillary_action_take_salt_water_with_it_why/ | {
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"text": [
"Yes, the water drawn up by capillary action would take the soluble salt with it, but you are right that the slightly larger mass of the sodium and chloride ions, compared to water, will make them \"climb\" slower, and therefore less high.\n\nThis... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_chromatography",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_layer_chromatography"
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2x9dnc | how is it possible for something moving the speed of light to experience no time. | I was recently listening to star talk and Neil deGrasse Tyson noted that light is simultaneously at its starting point and its destination because something moving the speed of light experiences no time. I can't really get my head around this. We can measure the fact that it takes light 8 minutes to get from the Sun ... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2x9dnc/eli5_how_is_it_possible_for_something_moving_the/ | {
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"text": [
"The concept at play here is called Special Relativity; it's one of Einstein's greatest achievements.\n\nThe ELI5 is that time slows down for *all* moving obj... | [] | [] | [
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"http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ACUuFg9Y9dY"
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"http://youtu.be/ACUuFg9Y9dY"
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hah51 | Do new scientific discoveries have the same relative significance over time? | Would the (potential) discovery of the Higgs Boson have the same relative significance to us as the discovery of gravity by Newton in 17th Century or the invention of the wheel in the 4th Millenium BCE.
In other words, in a few thousand years from now would the Higgs Boson seem as trivial to the scientists of the futu... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hah51/do_new_scientific_discoveries_have_the_same/ | {
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"text": [
"It would be *incredibly* less significant to us than Newton's laws of gravity or the invention of the wheel.\r\n\r\nWhat many people don't realize is that we've basically mapped out all the physics that... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
3sv8u1 | the metal thing they press on fighters faces between rounds. | Between rounds, there's always a guy that presses a metal plate thing on the fighters face. What and why? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3sv8u1/eli5_the_metal_thing_they_press_on_fighters_faces/ | {
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"text": [
"I believe it's cold like ice to decrease the swelling. Probably made of steel so it can be sterilized between fights.",
"It's an eye iron. It's a piece of steel that can be super-cooled to reduce s... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
6yjzd1 | what's the deal with all those scammy looking "we buy houses" signs i see at so many intersections? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6yjzd1/eli5_whats_the_deal_with_all_those_scammy_looking/ | {
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"dmnyr9q",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"They buy houses. Why do you think them scammy?",
"Opportunists. Lowball offers. If seller is motivated they get an easy and profitable flip.",
"They are looking for people in danger of foreclo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
3vbo9y | why do skilled nfl athletes still commit penalties? | I'm thinking in particular of something like grabbing a face mask. Is there some benefit to it that outweighs the penalty? Does it just happen too fast? I don't think that a player could grab one without knowing it, but I guess so? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3vbo9y/eli5_why_do_skilled_nfl_athletes_still_commit/ | {
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"Sometimes it is on accident and sometimes it is not. If I go to grab someone and they move at the last second, I may not grab them wher... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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] | |
3a810t | how bulletproof are dinosaurs? | I just saw Jurassic World, and in the movie, (very mild spoiler alert) the Indominus Rex seems pretty impervious to normal rifles, a helicopter-mounted minigun, and she even shrugs off a pretty much direct hit from a rocket launcher thing. I know that, within the movie's logic, she was made to be the strongest, largest... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3a810t/eli5_how_bulletproof_are_dinosaurs/ | {
"a_id": [
"csa4k79",
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"text": [
"Dinosaurs don't have magic anti-bullet properties, and bullets aren't magical things that do abstract \"damage\" like in movies and video games. Bullets punch holes in things. That's it. Large animals h... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://mythes-et-realites-sur-les-armes.blogvie.com/files/600-nitro-copie.jpg"
],
[],
[
"https://youtu.be/DaZ5stbVAlk?t=25s",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square-cube_law"
]
] | |
jg52o | Is there any evidence that over the counter vitamin D supplements enhance mood? | I'm based in Melbourne, Australia. It's been a pretty miserable winter down here and basically everyone I know is at the pointy end of season affective disorder.
I know that they're probably not as effective as maintaining healthy dietary and exercise routines, but could these pills do anything more significant that t... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/jg52o/is_there_any_evidence_that_over_the_counter/ | {
"a_id": [
"c2btt5z",
"c2btt5z"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"In the unlikely chance that reduced sun exposure causes a severe Vitamin D deficiency, [you can experience depression](_URL_0_). However, taking supplements to prevent depression isn't quite established.",
"In the unlike... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/05/12/us-vitamin-d-idUSTRE64B5OQ20100512"
],
[
"http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/05/12/us-vitamin-d-idUSTRE64B5OQ20100512"
]
] | |
4u32z6 | rules about reasonable suspicion vs. probable cause/just cause | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4u32z6/eli5_rules_about_reasonable_suspicion_vs_probable/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Cop here:\n\nReasonable Suspicion:\n\nAn officer reasonably belives a crime *may have* occurred.\n\nFor example: An officer is patrolling an area where car break-ins have been a problem. He sees a man in a hoodie (even th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2eh8cc | what role does a director actually play in creating a movie and what are the signs of a poorly directed movie? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2eh8cc/eli5what_role_does_a_director_actually_play_in/ | {
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"text": [
"The director is the head honcho of the movie set. What ever you see on the screen is because of what the direct wants you to see.\n\nThe director has the p... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
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] | ||
adgdc8 | What sources are there to suggest that Nero blamed the fire in Rome in 64 CE on Christians? Do we know how he became aware of the movement? Would these suggestions be the earliest independent recognition of Christians as a distinct group in the historical record? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/adgdc8/what_sources_are_there_to_suggest_that_nero/ | {
"a_id": [
"edoxjx5"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The only source that mentions Nero's blaming of the Christians is Tacitus ([Annals 15.44](_URL_2_)):\n\n > Therefore, to scotch the rumour, Nero substituted as culprits, and punished with the utmost refinements of cruelty, a class of men, loathe... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://faculty.georgetown.edu/jod/texts/pliny.html",
"http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Claudius*.html#ref75",
"http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Tacitus/Annals/15B*.html",
"http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/N... | ||
3y4ilm | why do so many great mma fighters have multiple losses on their record compared to boxers? | It seems to me that the truly great MMA fighters tend to have multiple/more losses on their records when compared to boxers, where the truly great ones tend to have none or one or two defeats only. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3y4ilm/eli5why_do_so_many_great_mma_fighters_have/ | {
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"There's more ways to lose in mma. Boxing is more technical and skill makes a bigger difference than blind luck. Also, politics. Most bo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://boxrec.com/boxer/319725",
"http://ringtv.craveonline.com/ratings/pound-for-pound"
],
[]
] | |
3l6371 | How come soldiers in Mesoamerica and Japan didn't make widespread use of larger shields like in Eurasia? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3l6371/how_come_soldiers_in_mesoamerica_and_japan_didnt/ | {
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"text": [
"Define large.\n\nIn Mesoamerica, different shield designs were used at various points in time. Ross Hassig talks about changes in Mesoamerican shield design in his book *War and Society in Ancient Mesoamerica*. \n\nThe Centr... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://i.imgur.com/3gtNF6M.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/M9SBeyK.gif",
"http://i.imgur.com/z5pYc3j.jpg"
],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3jqhzx/why_arent_shields_prevalent_in_feudal_japanese/curjcab?context=3"
]
] | ||
1q3khx | why, as an adult, i take the same amount of cough syrup or other medicines as a 12 year old when i am heavier and more physically mature? | I was just wondering this, does it have to do with decreasing returns? I just found it funny that a 12 year old who weighs around 45 kilos takes the same amount of cough syrup or panadol as an adult male who usually weighs upwards of 65 kilos, and physically has completed growing and developing (this may or may not hav... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1q3khx/eli5_why_as_an_adult_i_take_the_same_amount_of/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The dosage is just what they know is safe but still effective generally. If you feel like the recommended dosage is insufficient you can go above. Of course if something goes wrong you can't sue the com... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1aq961 | Did WW2 had any cultural impact on arts or music in Europe? | I know that Shostakovich (an composer) was somewhat affected by it and some of his works reflect it. But were there others that made art/music that was inspired by the war? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1aq961/did_ww2_had_any_cultural_impact_on_arts_or_music/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Huge, post modernism was in part a reaction to the world wars and the changes they brought. \n\nIn Europe the grief was palpable, imagine if 20% of your population died. It made many artists think that any attempt at meaning or beauty was hopeles... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
21vj3f | When and why did golf become the default "upper-class hangout/dealmaking" activity? What filled that role before? | So I've heard that learning to golf is kind of a requirement for certain executive schmoozing/marketing jobs, so I was wondering if you guys could fill me in on why and when it became normal for executives, politicians, and other powerful people to play golf while chatting about deals and other such things.
What did t... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/21vj3f/when_and_why_did_golf_become_the_default/ | {
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"text": [
"In ancient Persia, there was quite an exciting sport that we've been able to reconstruct from artistic depictions, and also the preserved fragments from the ancient Persian *On ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/21yyci/important_message_re_source_reliability/"
],
[],
[
"http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/01/pentagon-military-golf-courses-map"
],
[]
] | |
204kws | When Canada changed its flag, what did they do with all the old ones? | Be they stitched into uniforms or flown from flagpoles, Canada must have had a lot of old flags. How did they get rid of them? Were they disposed of respectfully, or were the majority just thrown out? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/204kws/when_canada_changed_its_flag_what_did_they_do/ | {
"a_id": [
"cfzzfrw"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"There's never been any legislation covering flag disposal in Canada. The rules of Flag Etiquette are laid out in a [publication by the Department of Canadian Heritage](_URL_0_) and the rule for disposal is pretty vague. It just says that old flag... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1359048153800/1359048247377",
"http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca_prtcl.html",
"http://www.historymuseum.ca/myhistorymuseum/stories-and-objects/"
]
] | |
4g0vkh | if gravity is actually the earth accelerating upwards and the earth is spherical, how can it accelerate upwards in all its surface? | As explained here _URL_0_ | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4g0vkh/eli5_if_gravity_is_actually_the_earth/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Did you get the bit where it mentioned frames of reference? Because that's what this is all about.\n\nNow, ignore the planet. Ignore all the big stuff around here. Ignore me, ignore you. We're going to talk about two tennis balls in deep space. T... | [] | [
"https://youtu.be/NblR01hHK6U"
] | [
[]
] | |
dwmt46 | what the hell did people think sports concussions were before? | Over the last 15-20 years we’ve seen professional sports crack down on concussion safety, mainly the NFL, but it’s also been a issue with pro-wrestling, and boxing.
I understand that CTE has been discovered and can only be officially diagnosed after an autopsy.
HOWEVER, what the hell did people think concussions wer... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dwmt46/eli5_what_the_hell_did_people_think_sports/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Well the expression for a concussion was usually something like \"he got his bell rung\" to explain the immediate symptoms of concussion. CTE is different that a concussion though. It is caused by many concussions over time... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
afayf9 | the brain is very important, and very complex and exists in a confined space; given that why is it that tumors in the brain are able to get so large before being noticed? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/afayf9/eli5_the_brain_is_very_important_and_very_complex/ | {
"a_id": [
"edx2v7r"
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"text": [
"The common symptoms of brain tumors are just that, common. Headaches, nausea, dizziness, and so on can be caused by a lot of other things and the symptoms themselves can come and go. It's usually once more serious symptoms appear or a pattern of... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2bjpmg | Can anyone tell me about a specific American flag? | I recently went to the Charleston Museum. They have [an American flag that they don't really know anything about](_URL_0_).
I realize this is a long shot because a museum should have ample resources to figure out what something is. But I'm curious to see if anyone here can give me some information about this flag.
T... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2bjpmg/can_anyone_tell_me_about_a_specific_american_flag/ | {
"a_id": [
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],
"score": [
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"text": [
"hi! it might be worth x-posting this question to the flag aficionados in /r/Vexillology"
]
} | [] | [
"http://imgur.com/a/N4hro"
] | [
[]
] | |
11oyyv | openoffice vs. libreoffice (vs. microsoft office) | OpenOffice vs. LibreOffice: What's the Difference, why did they split, etc..
.
(OpenOffice or LibreOffice) vs. Microsoft Office: Is one better then the other; What are the limitations of each, or is it just personal preference.
| explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/11oyyv/eli5_openoffice_vs_libreoffice_vs_microsoft_office/ | {
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"text": [
"I haven't used OpenOffice since the split, nor MS Office since before then, so I can't comment on the differences between them today. But I can give a little background on the split itself. \n \nOpenOffice used to be run ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.openlogic.com/wazi/bid/188115/LibreOffice-vs-OpenOffice-org-Showdown-for-Best-Open-Source-Office-Suite"
],
[]
] | |
enpxss | - when you dent your car and the auto body shop uses filler to fill the dent, what are they using? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/enpxss/eli5_when_you_dent_your_car_and_the_auto_body/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Polyester resin/putty, sometimes mixed with fiberglass for extra strength. Bondo is a fairly common brand, and other brands are often referred to as \"bondo\" as a result."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
716qta | is it pitch black in space or is there enough ambient light to see something held in front of you? | Assuming you're not in the vicinity of a star, of course. Somewhere like Voyager's position, 10 billion miles from earth, could you see your hands? Total darkness? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/716qta/eli5_is_it_pitch_black_in_space_or_is_there/ | {
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"text": [
"Somewhere on the Internet NASA has a page describing how much light there is and what you can see. If I were there I would be sure I had a flashlight. Maybe I would sprinkle powd... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1lky7h/how_dark_is_space/"
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[],
[]
] | |
9s31si | how do cinema projectors have such high quality compared to personal home projectors? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9s31si/eli5_how_do_cinema_projectors_have_such_high/ | {
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"They got a light source (think: a bulb) that is consuming so much energy it's crazy compared to the tiny box ... | [] | [] | [
[],
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[],
[],
[],
[],
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] | ||
2alzkt | why do chiggers and/or mosquitos seem to bite around a person's joints (e.g. ankle) | Why God? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2alzkt/eli5_why_do_chiggers_andor_mosquitos_seem_to_bite/ | {
"a_id": [
"ciwhtll"
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"score": [
3
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"text": [
"In short, evolution or The Fall, depending on your religious flavor or lack thereof.\n\nThe most prominent reason is the fact that the blood vessels are very close to the surface of the skin over these areas. Mosquitos have the capacity to sense... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3c7poz | How exactly was Jefferson Davis elected President of the Confederacy? | According to his Wikipedia page, he was selected by delegates at a constitutional convention, but how were those men appointed? Was there any form of popular vote involved?
And as an aside, were Davis' powers and responsibilities relatively comparable to those of Lincoln, or was he limited by the looser structure of t... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3c7poz/how_exactly_was_jefferson_davis_elected_president/ | {
"a_id": [
"cst0fnt"
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"score": [
9
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"text": [
"While a perfectly fine question, more of our Civil War experts are sticking around in [this AMA thread today, so I would suggest you repost it here!](_URL_0_)"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3c73kh/panel_ama_the_american_civil_war_era_military/"
]
] | |
1ef2hf | What factors contribute to resting metabolic rate? | And how much variance is there really between individuals? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ef2hf/what_factors_contribute_to_resting_metabolic_rate/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9zoh4n"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"First question; not my area\n\n\nSecond question, relating to the first:\n[Not much](_URL_0_)\n\n\n > One study noted that one standard deviation of variance for resting metabolic rate (how many calories are burnt by living) was 5-8%; meaning 1 s... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://examine.com/faq/does-metabolism-vary-between-two-people.html"
]
] | |
kptcj | how is facebook exploiting me? | I keep reading it in memes and all over reddit. How? Thanks! | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/kptcj/how_is_facebook_exploiting_me/ | {
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15,
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"text": [
"Basically anything you submit to Facebook becomes their property; Pictures, personal information, everything.\n\nPeople complain about privacy and then go and spill every singl... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
52ocer | where does the sound from the car's blinker actually come from? | Seems like it is magically emanating from the dashboard. It seems like a mechanical mechanism, but maybe new cars have blinkers that produce sound electrically? Always made me wonder. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/52ocer/eli5_where_does_the_sound_from_the_cars_blinker/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7lwq4f",
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"text": [
"It's a relay with a reed switch. Makes noise when activated. They're usually under the dash on the driver's side.\n",
"It comes from a relay switch that is turning off and on. The relay is a small ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
ub719 | Why are there distinct lines between the states of matter, instead of just a gradual scale of change? | For example, if you had a glass of water (and some way to ensure all the molecules were at the same temperature) that was at 1C, why would it still be "just water" instead of a more gelatinous state?
To my understanding, when a substance changes temperature the molecules vibrate faster or slower, causing them to come... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ub719/why_are_there_distinct_lines_between_the_states/ | {
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3,
3
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"text": [
"So, addressing a few misconceptions:\n\nIt really isn't a terribly meaningful statement to describe a single molecule as having a temperature. That said, I assume your idea here is that the entire mate... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/u2xjn/weekly_discussion_thread_scientists_what_are_the/c4rw26v",
"http://www.thermexcel.com/english/tables/eau_atm.htm"
],
[],
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] | |
1lwpv4 | How and when were all the clocks (time) around the world synced? | I am new to Reddit. This question was bothering me for quite sometime now. Thank you so much for the answers, different aspects. Did not expect such a response.
Still trying to figure this out completely though.
**EDIT** : Somebody in the comments mentioned that sync meant all the clock show the same time, so what i me... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1lwpv4/how_and_when_were_all_the_clocks_time_around_the/ | {
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"score": [
801,
69,
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... | [] | [] | [
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_chronometer",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_distance"
],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1lwpv4/how_and_when_were_all_the... | |
2q71q4 | Can anyone name an example of a country that fared poorly as a result of having a really open immigration policy? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2q71q4/can_anyone_name_an_example_of_a_country_that/ | {
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"Our [subreddit rules](_URL_0_) don't allow \"throughout history\" questions, so I'm afraid I've had to remove your post. We've found that questions like this end up attracting low effort trivia rather than the in-depth responses people like to se... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/rules"
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1osc17 | paralysis, specifically if you are paralyzed below the waist, is your genitalia also paralyzed? can a man never have an erection for the rest of his life? | I know if you are paralyzed below the waist you practically lose all function of your legs and have to use a wheel chair for the rest of your life...
But does this extend to our personal parts? Would a man never be able to have sex or even masturbate?
Just something that has been on my mind..
FYI: I'm kinda a noob a... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1osc17/eli5_paralysis_specifically_if_you_are_paralyzed/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Most people who are paralyzed from the waist down do not lose the ability to have and enjoy sex.",
"It depends.\n\nSome people are (effectively) paralyzed because of a muscle issue. So, the nerve co... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
6623yk | theresa may's announcement of the snap election | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6623yk/eli5_theresa_mays_announcement_of_the_snap/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"May's Blue party think they're currently doing a lot better than Jeremy's Red party. Because the Blue party are in charge of the tree house just now, they've decided to hold the next election earlier than they need to, which is called a 'snap' el... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
185jiv | How serious was the Madagascar plan? | Was it seriously considered by the Nazi government? Was there any public reception of the plan? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/185jiv/how_serious_was_the_madagascar_plan/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Transcript from the Eichmann trial.\n\nThe plan took its final shape during the War. Eichmann admitted that it had been devised and passed on by his Section after consultations and discussions with other authorities. Under ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Path_to_Genocide.html?id=L1O2ZvS29DYC"
]
] | |
js20b | how military units get their numbers? like where does 25th id come from? wheres 24th id? | I dont understand the number structures at all and what they symbolize. I get that there is like a 1st INF DIV but why is their FA unit Charlie 3-07 (just as an example)? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/js20b/eli5_how_military_units_get_their_numbers_like/ | {
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40sqo7 | why should one's beliefs impede another's rights, especially if the other doesn't subscribe to their belief system? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/40sqo7/eli5_why_should_ones_beliefs_impede_anothers/ | {
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"text": [
"Christians believe being around gay people or being forced to serve them food in their restaurant is the same as \"being forced to accept homosexuality\". In Christianity, homosexuality is a sin punishable by death, no diff... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
9bjjzh | plato's theory of forms and aristotle's criticism to it | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9bjjzh/eli5_platos_theory_of_forms_and_aristotles/ | {
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"text": [
"Basically there's a place where there's a perfect form of everything that exists. Like a perfect chair or perfect cat or perfect pencil. According to him when we are born we are born with the knowledg... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
6a8tyt | why are videogame consoles and other electronics arranged in rectangular prisms rather than cubes? | Is there a direct reason for it? Is it more efficient/powerful or is it just for looks? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6a8tyt/eli5_why_are_videogame_consoles_and_other/ | {
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"text": [
"They're based around circuit boards which tend to be flat and not square. Making a cube would either result in a *giant* cube, forcing you to make your circuit board really tiny or splitting the electronics into multiple square boards & adding... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.consolezombie.com/Images/Xbox360Disassembly/xbox-360-motherbard-2.jpg"
]
] | |
1p5u2v | Serious: Is the increase in detection and diagnosis of all Cancers in any way related to the increased levels of radioactive materials in circulation globally? | Medical student here, who is curious as to the vastly increased levels of detection and diagnosis of all forms of malignancy and cancer. Yes, a lot can be attributed to increased life expectancy, subsequent shortening of telomeres and thus increased susceptabilty to DNA instability. BUT, does the post WW2 increased lev... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1p5u2v/serious_is_the_increase_in_detection_and/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"In short: no. Only a [small fraction of cancers](_URL_0_) is attributable to radiation.\n\nThere are several reasons that cancer is more prevalent (or appears more prevalent) in recent years.\n\n1) Age is the #1 risk factor for cancer. In other... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/prod_consump/groups/cr_common/@nre/@hea/documents/image/cr_082588.pdf"
]
] | |
3vlqtr | why do veins swell when you constrict your blood flow? | When I put squeeze my arm just below my elbow, the veins on my forearm swell considerably. Why is this? Wouldn't you just be restricting blood from entering your arm to cause this? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3vlqtr/eli5_why_do_veins_swell_when_you_constrict_your/ | {
"a_id": [
"cxol7fr"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Blood flows out from your heart along arteries, and back to the heart along veins. Blood pressure is very high in the arteries, and low in the veins - it's the drop in pressure that carries it through your circulatory system.\n\nSo, grab your arm... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
76qkf8 | what is border adjustment and how will it let trump force mexico to pay for the wall? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/76qkf8/eli5_what_is_border_adjustment_and_how_will_it/ | {
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"I'm not an expert. But as I understood it, the border adjustment simply means import/export toll (I don't know the English word; I mean the fee you or a company has to pay to be allowed to transport goods to another country) is changed. Less impo... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1ug1cd | Why isn't matter evenly distributed across the universe? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ug1cd/why_isnt_matter_evenly_distributed_across_the/ | {
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"text": [
"It is, just not on small scales. The basic structure of the universe on large scales is galactic superclusters, to clusters, to galaxies, to stars. At supercluster level, the universe is very evenly di... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Planck/The_cosmic_microwave_background_and_the_distribution_of_matter_in_the_Universe#TK3a"
],
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)"
],
[
"http://spaceinimages.esa.int/var/esa/storage/images/esa_multimedia/images/2013/03/planck_... | ||
akmwea | When And Why Did Children's Books Emerge? | Not necessarily picture books, but books aimed specifically at a younger-than-adult audience. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/akmwea/when_and_why_did_childrens_books_emerge/ | {
"a_id": [
"ef704gy"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"I did an overview of pretty much the entire history of children's literature in [this answer about the rise of YA lit](_URL_0_), though I skirt around spending a lot of time doing in-depth discussion surrounding the beginnings of children's lite... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9uj0qw/when_did_ya_young_adult_literature_become_a_genre/e9584oe/"
]
] | |
2drcgc | the rick perry indictment | Why is he being accused of corruption? Who is Lehmberg and is she a nutjob? Was his refusal to fund the cancer research agency illegal? How are Texans responding do this, on both sides of the aisle? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2drcgc/eli5_the_rick_perry_indictment/ | {
"a_id": [
"cjs9tbi"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Lehmberg is an elected district attorney. As such, she cannot be fired directly by Governor Perry. Lehmberg was charged with a DWI back in 2013, did some jail time, and successfully defended her position in a civil suit. Governor Perry does n... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
677ouo | how do shows like last week tonight identify clips for a clip montage? | Tonight's Last Week Tonight ended with a montage of Bill O'Reilly that had sexist and racist clips of him from the past 20ish years. I realize it wouldn't be hard to find such clips in this particular instance, but they do this every week. I doubt they have a team of people watching episodes to find content. So, how do... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/677ouo/eli5_how_do_shows_like_last_week_tonight_identify/ | {
"a_id": [
"dgoc5ho"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Studios have library / archive services that will sell you clips to use. For example, [NBCUniversal Archives] (_URL_0_) has clips from their news shows.\n"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.nbcuniarchives.com/"
]
] | |
urtt3 | How did early films get copied and mass-produced? | [This](_URL_0_) textbook states:
> Ways of recording motion on film were first developed by photographers Étienne-Jules Marey and Eadweard Muybridge in the 1880s. Inventor and entrepreneur Thomas Edison applied their ideas in building the first practical motion picture display system, the kinetoscope. In France the L... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/urtt3/how_did_early_films_get_copied_and_massproduced/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"While I can't give a good answer, I can say what I would do if I had their technology. \n\nI would take an unexposed reel and match it up with the film's reel. Laying the two strips over one another, shine a light through the original and then ... | [] | [
"http://college.cqpress.com/sites/masscomm/Home/chapter8.aspx"
] | [
[]
] | |
4gtwg5 | how does a thermal explosion cause a human to get knocked back, as often seen in action movies? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4gtwg5/eli5_how_does_a_thermal_explosion_cause_a_human/ | {
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"Movies aren't always representative of real life. Action movies even less so.\n\nOf course, it's possible for an explosion to knock people back. Because of the rapidity with which explosion take place,... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9eTzokEnMs"
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4fa173 | how broadcasters get such good sound of professional athletes while they are on the field. | Do they mic their helmets? Or do they have mics strategically place around the ice/court/etc? Fascinating imho. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4fa173/eli5_how_broadcasters_get_such_good_sound_of/ | {
"a_id": [
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2
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"text": [
"The use [parabolic microphones](_URL_0_). They put a directional microphone at the focal point of a big bowl, and it makes it ultrasensitive towards sounds from a particular spot. ",
"One way is with those microphones t... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabolic_microphone"
],
[]
] | |
atj1nz | How does density affect the speed of seismic waves through the Earth? | So, correct me if I'm wrong, the speed of the seismic waves increase with depth in the mantle but the speed decreases as it enters more dense material (i.e. the core)?
I thought waves traveled faster through more dense materials as a rule.
Could somebody please clarify this for me. Thanks. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/atj1nz/how_does_density_affect_the_speed_of_seismic/ | {
"a_id": [
"eh1cgo1"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Waves travel more slowly through denser material. A lot of people have this misconception because, for example, sound travels faster in water than air, and faster in steel than water. But actually the increasing density is impeding the speed of s... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7m9vps | Historians, what was Christmas like during the American Revolution? | We hear heart warming stories about "truces" during The Great War but what about during the American Revolutionary War?
Responses about the Nepoleonic Wars or others would be interesting as well! | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7m9vps/historians_what_was_christmas_like_during_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"drwuqsh"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"Christmas night 1776 General Washington crossed the Delaware river to mount a surprise attack on Hessian mercenaries in Trenton New Jersey. Not the heart warming story you were looking for but a Christmas story none the less.\nEdit:\n The followi... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1ql95u | What was the result of the location of pangea, and the resulting difference in earth's centermass? | back in the days of pangea, all the continents were shifted to one area of the sphere we call earth. This altered the center mass position of our sphere, which must have changed the way in which it spun, tides, etc, RIGHT?
Also, (and yes i've heard of plate tectonics) over time is earth's continental shifting resulting... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ql95u/what_was_the_result_of_the_location_of_pangea_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cde1h04"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Firstly, Pangea was only the [most recent](_URL_0_) of at least 6 supercontinents that have existed in Earth's history. It formed about 300 million years ago, and started breaking up about 175 million years ago.\n\nSecondly, as far as mass of the... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercontinent",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Airy_Isostasy.jpg"
]
] | |
2oj5d4 | Does fungus build up a resistance to treatment like bacteria does? | Antibiotics should be used only when necessary, in order to prevent/delay the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. I've been told that anti-fungal treatments are not a cause for concern, I.e. the strain of fungus will never build up a resistance to the treatment.
Is this true for fungi? If so, why is it true? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2oj5d4/does_fungus_build_up_a_resistance_to_treatment/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmnrh5p",
"cmnrl8c"
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"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"What kind of anti-fungal treatment do you mean? Fungi can certainly evolve resistance to [agricultural fungicides](_URL_3_) but it sounds like you're more interested in [antifungal medication](_URL_4_) to which fungi have al... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/46/1/120.full",
"http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/36/Supplement_1/S31.long",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22196207",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungicide#Resistance",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifungal_medication"
],
[]
] | |
7qvas1 | What is more expensive - mail or plate armour? | I often hear that plate armour eventually became cheaper than mail armour, but I also hear it otherwise. And as far as I can see, both sides have their arguments - but what is the truth? Did the price vary depending on your location, i.e; would plate armour in Milan or Augsburg be much cheaper when compared to plate ar... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7qvas1/what_is_more_expensive_mail_or_plate_armour/ | {
"a_id": [
"dssbk4d"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"At least in the Burgundian accounts, the mail armour is cheaper (in general) as the plate armour, but some very high grade mail armour could be a lot more expansive than low quality plates armour. For exemple, a full plate armour could cost betw... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
32rvfn | How long does it take for a cell to travel through your body? | Was ready A Brief History About Nearly Everything and Bryson states that our hearts pump 1,800 gallons every day. So how long does it take for a cell to travel from my heart, to my toes, and back to my heart? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/32rvfn/how_long_does_it_take_for_a_cell_to_travel/ | {
"a_id": [
"cqe32yz"
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"score": [
3
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"text": [
"[This page](_URL_2_) says that in a 120-day span, it will travel the body about 75,000 times. That gives you a bit over [2 minutes](_URL_0_). However, it will flow at different rates depending on the type of blood vessel it is in (see [here](_URL... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=120+days+%2F+75000",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleen#Function",
"http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP2pages/Units18to20/blood/redblood.htm",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_flow#Velocity"
]
] | |
4bxznb | How are multiple sounds transmitted through gases simultaneously? | I have seen some threads go into the specifics of sounds related to speakers. But I'm more interested in how exactly a body of gas can transmit sounds throughout its volume from multiple sources simultaneously. For example, I'm at work and can hear machines running, forklifts, people talking, radios, intercoms, etc. al... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4bxznb/how_are_multiple_sounds_transmitted_through_gases/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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2,
2
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"text": [
"One way of thinking of it is that you only hear *one* sound, which is the sum of all the individual sounds. If you look at a sound waveform, it's a single line travelling up and down as air pressure cha... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFUA9jbB2XY"
],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_free_path"
]
] | |
u4cq7 | What is happening on the cellular level when you rub lotion into your skin, and why is it good for you? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/u4cq7/what_is_happening_on_the_cellular_level_when_you/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
53,
21,
355,
264,
53,
2,
5,
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],
"text": [
"Searched a bit and found a placebo study that details some of the results of applying... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.eblue.org/article/S0190-9622(96)80110-1/abstract"
],
[],
[
"http://dermnetnz.org/treatments/emollients.html"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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1j72c7 | why is it so hard to find alcohol that doesn't taste...like alcohol? you'd think someone would make a killing off of 40% koolaid-flavoured alcohol. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1j72c7/eli5_why_is_it_so_hard_to_find_alcohol_that/ | {
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6,
4,
2,
9,
2,
2
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"text": [
"You can add whatever flavorings you want, but it still has alcohol in it.\n\nThat being said, properly aged alcohols mellow out in flavo... | [] | [] | [
[],
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33a5ua | does true randomness exist in the universe? if i replayed the universe exactly the same from the start, would it be exactly the same? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/33a5ua/eli5_does_true_randomness_exist_in_the_universe/ | {
"a_id": [
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6
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"text": [
"We don't know, is the simple answer. Our best current guess appears to be \"yes, it does\", but there are theories that get around it at the cost of losing common assumptions.",
"Does true randomness exist in the univers... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
21e713 | How did tribes like the Seminole in the Everglades deal with alligators? | I imagine living in areas that were largely swamps would mean they'd encounter them quite a bit and without guns it seems that fighting them off would be even more difficult. Maybe I'm approaching the question wrong and they had ways of avoiding them, in which case I'd be interested in how they went about that. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/21e713/how_did_tribes_like_the_seminole_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgceniw",
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"score": [
23,
8
],
"text": [
"To start out with, by the time the Seminoles started settling Florida, they already had guns. So lets turn the clock back a bit more. For thousands of years, alligators were on the menu for people living in Florida. They we... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ce/Le_Moyne_lithograph_of_Timucua_Indians_hunting_alligators.jpg",
"http://floridamemory.com/fpc/dg/DG00984.jpg"
],
[]
] | |
eit86m | how are wild plants domesticated? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/eit86m/eli5_how_are_wild_plants_domesticated/ | {
"a_id": [
"fcteyy4",
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"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"It's a very very long process, where farmers basically just breed plants with traits they like, in an effort to make those traits more prevalent over time.",
"Same as animals essentially. We find a plant with desirable q... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1nqm4f | why does my heart rate drop when i exhale? | I've been checking my pulse a lot lately and I just noticed this. Whenever I exhale, my heart rate plummets to like half the normal rate, then goes right back to normal when I inhale again. Why does this happen? Is this normal? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1nqm4f/eli5_why_does_my_heart_rate_drop_when_i_exhale/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccl33dt"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It's called sinus arrhythmia, and it's perfectly normal and benign, especially in young people. I have it too.\n \nI'm a little fuzzy on the details, but I believe it's because the expansion of your lungs as you inhale puts pressure on a nerve th... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3lx9ao | the difference between unlawful and illegal. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3lx9ao/eli5_the_difference_between_unlawful_and_illegal/ | {
"a_id": [
"cva2fwk"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"They're pretty much interchangeable. You might define \"illegal\" as \"forbidden by the law\" and \"unlawful\" as \"not permitted by the law\", but they boil down to the same thing. \"Illegal\" also tends to be used more for criminal law, while a... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2rmss0 | lasers and mirrors | So mirrors are used to route laser beams. Mirrors are just reflective surfaces, like polished silver or aluminum. Can a good mirror be used to "deflect" a very powerful laser? Like super powerful ones used in crazy science labs that consume megawatts of power...are even those rendered harmless (so to speak) by a sim... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2rmss0/eli5_lasers_and_mirrors/ | {
"a_id": [
"cnha72s"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"If a mirror reflects 90% if light that means it absorbs 10% of the light. If 10% of a laser is enough to burn a thing then the mirror burns. There is no 100% reflective mirrors. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
ba1c5l | why do home thermostats have a "heat/ cool" switch? why can't you simply set a range and have it automatically determine whether to use the ac or the heater? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ba1c5l/eli5_why_do_home_thermostats_have_a_heat_cool/ | {
"a_id": [
"ek8e802",
"ek8heyn",
"ek8i7a3",
"ek8iw8i"
],
"score": [
9,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"There are actually thermostats that have an 'auto' mode that does switch from heat to cool and vice versa. Typically, only higher end thermostats have this, though. This is because... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2qc1jz | why are data caps for mobile phones still so small? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2qc1jz/eli5_why_are_data_caps_for_mobile_phones_still_so/ | {
"a_id": [
"cn4r3qp",
"cn4r9r5",
"cn4rwsk",
"cn4ry96",
"cn4s1yb",
"cn4sruz",
"cn4t3iy"
],
"score": [
37,
14,
2,
2,
2,
26,
2
],
"text": [
"Phone companies are greedy so they set data limits low to either a) make you use less of their product than you... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2pnw7a/eli5_why_are_there_unlimited_data_home_internet/"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.maclife.com/article/feature/iphone_app_data_hogs",
"http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/may2009/tc20090515_773194.htm",
"http://www.... | ||
4xe0lq | Does the wobble of our sun caused by Jupiter's gravity effect the weather on Earth? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4xe0lq/does_the_wobble_of_our_sun_caused_by_jupiters/ | {
"a_id": [
"d6ftma4"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Jupiter's gravity does affect the climate on Earth but it's over many thousands of years. The variations in Earth's axial tilt, orbital obliquity, etc caused by Jupiter are called the Milankovich cycles and are associated with ice ages. As for th... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1dutm8 | How different is breast milk to formula in terms of the baby's health? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1dutm8/how_different_is_breast_milk_to_formula_in_terms/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9u3zba",
"c9u43ox",
"c9u4joe",
"c9u4pd3",
"c9u4q3e",
"c9u4woq",
"c9u4yw7",
"c9u58ib",
"c9u85sh",
"c9u8862",
"c9ubncz"
],
"score": [
109,
13,
24,
8,
56,
9,
11,
8,
6,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Please remember that... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/news/20110613/breastfeeding-cuts-sids-risk",
"http://www.sids.org/nprevent.htm"
],
[
"http://www.newscientist.com/mobile/article/mg21729084.800-are-breast-milk-stem-cells-the-real-deal-for-medicine.html"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br... | ||
c562rv | Rhodesia & NIBMAR | Was the NIBMAR a tale of Britain trying to maintain control over Rhodesia and delay its independence, or a genuine attempt to tackle racism and discrimination? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/c562rv/rhodesia_nibmar/ | {
"a_id": [
"es10lut"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"The policy of 'No Independence Before Majority Rule' came out of the September 1966 meeting of the Commonwealth of Nations. At that meeting, Commonwealth members from the Caribbean, Asia and Africa (minus Southern Rhodesia) caucused together and ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://books.google.com/books?id=o3R9BgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"
]
] | |
5hxnnh | Is analytic continuation of the Riemann-Zeta function more than just a reflection over a vertical line? | Watching [this](_URL_0_) video of an animation showing how to think about the Riemann-Zeta function geometrically, I am left with the impression that the Analytic Continuation of the function is just a reflection. Please tell me how I am wrong. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5hxnnh/is_analytic_continuation_of_the_riemannzeta/ | {
"a_id": [
"db3xsri"
],
"score": [
18
],
"text": [
"It's almost a reflection about the line Re(s)=1/2 (the critical line), but not exactly. If it were a reflection, then if s were a point to the left of this line, its value there would be equal to the value of the point exactly opposite on the ri... | [] | [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sD0NjbwqlYw"
] | [
[
"https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Zeta%5Bs%5D",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-adic_number",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function#Euler_product_formula"
]
] | |
3ojtxw | what do underwriters for insurance companies do? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ojtxw/eli5_what_do_underwriters_for_insurance_companies/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvxye6x"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Underwriters are the people actually taking on responsibility for the insurance claim; the people who will actually pay. \n\nIn a lot of cases this is the same company, but if for instance you use an insurance **broker**, that's where things woul... | [] | [] | [
[]
] |
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