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loyed ‘resets’ the memory window with each query. We constrained the model to a sliding window consisting only of the original persona-initialization message and the seven most recent question–answer pairs. All earlier interactions were removed from the message history prior to issuing the next item. This procedure pre... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.509 | 0.85 | [] | 501 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.602770 | [
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ronment, more comparable to human working memory. The seven–pair limit was selected because it approximates the upper bound of human working-memory capacity for maintaining discrete verbal–numerical items during sequential judgment tasks, consistent with classic capacity estimates ( Miller, 1956 ) and contemporary evid... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.368 | 0.816 | ["decision_making"] | 417 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.602859 | [
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sks is often substantially lower ( Cowan, 2001 ). Recent work has emphasized that imposing such psychological constraints can reveal more human-like patterns of reasoning in LLMs ( Hagendorff et al., 2023 ; Liu et al., 2025 ) and the present design follows this approach. Whether the length of ‘seven’ is the most approp... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.333 | 0.872 | ["llm", "philosophy"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.602928 | [
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revious responses or no memory at all of previous responses. All interactions with GPT-5 were conducted via the standard Chat Completions API. No browsing, web search, plugins, or external tool access were enabled; all probability judgments were therefore generated solely from the model’s pretrained internal knowledge ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.362 | 0.848 | ["decision_making", "llm", "education"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.602998 | [
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e all other parameters remained at their documented defaults. The reasoning effort parameter was not explicitly set; according to the OpenAI API reference, this parameter defaults to medium for gpt-5-2025-08-07 and is applied automatically when not specified ( OpenAI, 2026 ). Accordingly, all sessions reflect the model... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.339 | 0.83 | ["philosophy", "llm"] | 472 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603070 | [
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perimental tuning or enhanced reasoning controls. Each persona generated an independent run, resulting in 553 sessions × 78 items per session = 43,134 model-generated probability estimates. 3.2. Results A series of paired-samples t -tests compared the probabilistic reasoning performance of human participants with that ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.512 | 0.834 | ["philosophy", "llm"] | 506 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603139 | [
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lly lower rates of classical reasoning fallacies. We present the results in detail in the following sections. Binary complementarity : following Huang et al. (2025) , we defined P ( A ) as the judged probability that Donald Trump would win a given state and P ( ¬ A ) as the probability that Joe Biden would win that sam... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.322 | 0.858 | ["philosophy"] | 441 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603209 | [
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3 ), these two probabilities should sum to unity. Accordingly, marginal violations of complementarity were quantified for each participant or GPT-5 persona as ∣ P ( A ) + P ( ¬ A ) − 1 ∣ , averaged across the three state triplets. To assess whether joint probability judgments respected the extended complementarity cons... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.334 | 0.804 | ["decision_making", "llm"] | 471 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603281 | [
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∣ , averaged across six possible configurations. This yielded one marginal and one joint complementarity score per individual. GPT-5’s complementarity performance was effectively normative. Marginal violations were extremely small (M = 0.00004, SD = 0.00045), approaching numerical rounding error. Humans showed much lar... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.289 | 0.694 | ["llm", "philosophy"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603359 | [
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minute (M = 0.00108, SD = 0.00820), whereas human judgments departed from the theoretical value by more than a full probability point on average (M = 1.250, SD = 0.656). Paired-samples t -tests confirmed that GPT-5 personas adhered significantly more closely to complementarity than human participants for both marginal,... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.389 | 0.71 | ["decision_making", "llm"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603443 | [
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’s systematic coherence compared with the considerable noise in human intuitive probability judgments. Figure 1. Open in a new tab Violin plots depicting the distributions of deviations from marginal (left) and joint (right) complementarity for human participants and GPT-5 personas. Human responses display wide, variab... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.49 | 0.812 | ["decision_making", "llm"] | 422 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603531 | [
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te higher probabilities assigned to Trump; negative values indicate higher probabilities assigned to Biden. Taken together, these results indicate that GPT-5 does not treat these electoral possibilities as equivalent. Instead, its probability estimates exhibit systematic, state-dependent asymmetries that reflect politi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.495 | 0.816 | ["llm", "ethics", "philosophy"] | 461 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603599 | [
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th many participants exhibiting large violations. In contrast, GPT-5 personas show extremely narrow distributions centred near zero, indicating almost perfectly coherent probability judgments across both marginal and joint constraints. Regarding GPT-5 performance, in this case because of the narrowness of the distribut... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.381 | 0.84 | ["llm", "decision_making", "philosophy"] | 507 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603666 | [
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core (CF) for each item involving events A and B. A conjunction fallacy occurs when the judged probability of the conjunction exceeds at least one constituent probability. For item i , the magnitude of this violation was computed as defined in Equation (5) : C F i = max { P ( A ∧ B ) i − P ( A ) i , 0 } + max { P ( A ∧... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.463 | 0.674 | [] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603727 | [
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stituents, as defined in Equation (6) : DCF = max { P ( A ∧ B ) i − max [ P ( A ) i , P ( B ) i ] , 0 } (6) Human participants showed a high prevalence of conjunction-rule violations: 58.5% of conjunction judgments contained at least one fallacy. Of these, 62.9% were single fallacies (CF > 0 but DCF = 0), and 37.0% wer... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.48 | 0.77 | ["decision_making", "llm"] | 421 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603797 | [
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t, GPT-5 displayed much more normative behaviour. Only 18.8% of model-generated judgments contained any conjunction fallacy and almost all were of the single-fallacy type (99.5% CF; 0.5% DCF). Thus, while the model occasionally overestimates a conjunction, it almost never commits the double fallacy. Participant-level a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.355 | 0.692 | ["llm", "decision_making"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603867 | [
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lly fewer double conjunction fallacies, t (552) = −18.09, p < 0.001. As shown in Figure 2 (left panel), human CF and DCF distributions are broad and positively skewed, with substantial variability and frequent severe violations. GPT-5 personas cluster tightly near zero, exhibiting small but nonzero CF values and virtua... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.496 | 0.844 | ["llm", "ethics"] | 461 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.603939 | [
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rates for human participants and GPT-5 personas. The left panel displays the distributions of single (CF) and double (DCF) conjunction fallacy rates, and the right panel displays the corresponding distributions for single (DF) and double (DDF) disjunction fallacies. Each violin plot reflects the participant-level mean ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.318 | 0.838 | ["llm"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604008 | [
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with substantial variability and frequent double-fallacy violations. In contrast, GPT-5 personas cluster tightly around zero, showing low but nonzero rates of single fallacies and near-zero rates of double fallacies. The marked difference in distributional shape highlights GPT-5’s substantially higher adherence to prob... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.342 | 0.824 | ["llm"] | 474 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604082 | [
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DDF = max { min [ P ( A ) i , P ( B ) i ] − P ( A ∨ B ) i , 0 } (8) Human participants again showed high violation rates: 57.5% f disjunction judgments contained at least one fallacy, of which 60.1% were single fallacies and 39.9% were double fallacies. GPT-5 once more showed markedly more normative behaviour. Only 18.... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.468 | 0.728 | ["decision_making", "llm"] | 484 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604153 | [
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le disjunction fallacies were effectively absent. As above, participant-level averages revealed significant human–GPT-5 differences. GPT-5 exhibited dramatically fewer disjunction fallacies, t (552) = −23.01, p < 0.001, and substantially fewer double disjunction fallacies, t (552) = −16.57, p < 0.001. Figure 2 (right p... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.334 | 0.686 | ["llm"] | 506 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604219 | [
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distributions are tightly concentrated near zero. Correlation between conjunction and disjunction fallacy rates : It is informative to examine whether susceptibility to conjunction and disjunction fallacies covaries. Because both constitute violations of normative probability theory, one might expect a positive associa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.33 | 0.81 | ["philosophy"] | 434 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604281 | [
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lso be prone to committing disjunction fallacies. To assess this possibility, we computed Pearson correlations between mean CF and DF rates within each group. Among human participants, the correlation was small and not statistically significant, r (551) = 0.03, p = 0.496 indicating that susceptibility to the two fallac... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.36 | 0.708 | ["llm"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604353 | [
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dicating a near-perfect coupling between the two types of fallacious judgments. This dissociation suggests that, whereas humans exhibit largely independent tendencies to commit conjunction versus disjunction fallacies, GPT-5’s non-normative probability judgments—when they occur—are tightly linked. Such coupling is cons... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.309 | 0.828 | ["decision_making", "llm"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604421 | [
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rather than distinct cognitive processes for each fallacy type. Note, the quantum probability model proposed by Busemeyer et al. (2011) offers a principled account of why conjunction and disjunction fallacies may covary. In this framework, probability judgments are subject to order effects, such that the judged likelih... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.468 | 0.822 | ["decision_making"] | 416 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604494 | [
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which constituent events are mentally processed. Processing a likely event first increases the availability of thoughts supportive of a subsequent unlikely event, thereby inflating the perceived probability of the conjunction. Conversely, processing the unlikely event first reduces the availability of supportive though... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.491 | 0.828 | ["decision_making", "networking"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604566 | [
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judgments, providing a unified explanation for the co-occurrence of both fallacies observed in human reasoning. However, in the subsequent quantum model of Huang et al. (2025) , the additional noise in responses makes a prediction of correlation between conjunction and disjunction fallacies less straightforward. Model-... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.315 | 0.838 | ["decision_making", "interview", "llm", "governance", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604635 | [
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tic and Republican candidates across multiple U.S. states. Figure 3 displays the distribution of GPT-5’s probability estimates for Biden and Trump winning each of six states, based on prompts of marginal events (e.g., “What is the likelihood that Biden will win Ohio?”). Visual inspection readily reveals systematic vari... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.477 | 0.68 | ["interview", "llm", "governance"] | 426 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604707 | [
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n of both state and candidate. Note, Huang et al. (2025) did not collect corresponding results for humans (the assumption in that study being that naïve participants would have some political sensitivity). Figure 3. Open in a new tab Distribution of GPT-5’s probability estimates for Biden and Trump across six U.S. stat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.494 | 0.7 | ["interview", "llm", "education"] | 506 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604777 | [
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ts indicating the median and interquartile range. The figure highlights substantial, state-dependent variation in GPT-5’s win-probability predictions. To formally assess these differences, we conducted paired-samples t -tests comparing GPT-5’s probability estimates for Trump versus Biden within each state. Results are ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.333 | 0.826 | ["llm", "ethics", "philosophy"] | 489 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604850 | [
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indicate higher probabilities assigned to Biden. GPT-5 assigned significantly higher probabilities to Trump in Missouri, Ohio, Georgia, and Montana (all p < 0.001), while significantly higher probabilities were assigned to Biden in Michigan and Nevada (all p < 0.001). Mean differences ranged from −39.13 to 83.83, indic... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.351 | 0.668 | ["interview", "llm"] | 428 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604917 | [
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l’s probability estimates across states. Table 1. Paired-samples t -test results comparing GPT-5’s probability estimates for Trump versus Biden across six U.S. states. State Mean difference (Trump–Biden) t (DF) p -value Michigan −39.13 −43.71 (283) <0.001 Missouri 82.31 248.49 (283) <0.001 Ohio 35.56 56.70 (283) <0.001... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.31 | 0.7 | ["ethics", "llm"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.604984 | [
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between human and GPT-5 probabilistic reasoning. Human participants displayed the well-documented pattern of conjunction and disjunction fallacies, including a substantial number of double violations ( Crupi et al., 2018 ; Tversky and Kahneman, 1983 ; Wojciechowski and Pothos, 2018 ). These errors were accompanied by l... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.288 | 0.844 | ["llm", "philosophy"] | 492 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605051 | [
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rors exceeded theoretical limits by wide margins. This broad variability is consistent across behavioural studies and indicates a plurality of generative mechanisms for probability judgments. Possible mechanisms include Bayesian and quantum processes, but perhaps heuristics too, which are outside formal probabilistic m... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.474 | 0.84 | ["decision_making", "llm", "philosophy"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605128 | [
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double fallacies; its complementarity deviations were extremely small—near the level of numerical noise. This narrow spread of GPT-5 results indicates that the model’s rare departures from coherence do not arise from noisy representations or fluctuating uncertainty. Instead, they reflect a highly stable and internally ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.469 | 0.81 | ["communication", "llm"] | 425 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605196 | [
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s further highlights this structural distinction. Among human participants, conjunction and disjunction fallacies were essentially uncorrelated, this suggests that these violations originate from processes which are not restricted to the ones assumed in formal probabilistic models (as noted, noise-less quantum theory p... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.474 | 0.828 | ["llm", "philosophy"] | 473 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605261 | [
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they were strongly correlated across CFs and DFs. This tight coupling implies a common mechanism in the workings of the model, which is the cause of both kinds of fallacies. Specifically, when GPT-5 does produce fallacies, results show that its behaviour is consistent with early quantum-probabilistic models, for exampl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.36 | 0.856 | ["llm"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605329 | [
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le strictly prohibiting double fallacies and enforcing complementarity. Moreover, in this model CFs and DFs are correlated with each other. In contrast, the quantum model proposed by Huang et al. (2025) could generate a broad range of violations—including frequent double fallacies and complementarity failures. The grea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.353 | 0.846 | ["llm"] | 508 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605396 | [
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ional flexibility does not match GPT-5’s profile. Overall, the results indicate that GPT-5 is not simply “less noisy” than humans. Its pattern of errors is qualitatively different. The model maintains a high degree of probabilistic coherence and, when it fails, it does so in a structured and internally consistent manne... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.316 | 0.856 | ["llm"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605474 | [
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loyed in human cognition, even under task conditions designed to approximate human working-memory constraints. It is possible that such a mechanism is just closer to normative requirement. A noteworthy alternative possibility is that GPT-5 attains better normative behaviour because, across iterations, it avoids inconsi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.413 | 0.85 | ["llm"] | 488 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605568 | [
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are in a good mood, cf. Kahneman et al., 2021 ). Yet another possibility is that the high correlation between the CF and DF rates which is the main source of evidence for concluding that GPT-5 behaves more like the simple quantum model of Busemeyer et al. (2011) is due to the floor effects fallacies in GPT-5. Unfortuna... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.359 | 0.858 | ["llm"] | 458 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605631 | [
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we cannot further examine this interesting issue. Finally, our analysis of political-content prompts indicates that GPT-5’s probability assignments are informed by a reasonable degree of political sensitivity. The model’s forecasts diverge systematically across states and candidates in election scenarios. This demonstr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.489 | 0.822 | ["philosophy", "interview", "llm"] | 467 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605698 | [
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aid all the above, there are several limitations. The most important one concerns the research question: our objective was to capture performance of GPT-5 “by default.” The rationale is that typical GPT-5 users would be interested in whether GPT-5 conducts probabilistic inference in a way analogous to that of humans or... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.313 | 0.852 | ["llm", "philosophy", "crisis"] | 489 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605766 | [
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mindset, information, processing constraints etc. We contend that the suitable sense of by default in GPT-5 has to include similar characteristics, that is, characteristics which would plausibly get GPT-5 to approach these probabilistic questions in a way similar to that of humans—the persona and memory manipulations w... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.338 | 0.84 | ["llm", "crisis", "philosophy"] | 468 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605840 | [
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s difficult to have confidence of their validity. In the case of the persona matching, it has to be noted that, without this manipulation, the GPT-5 simulations would have been simpler–this is because, simply, persona matching required unique GPT-5 runs matched to individual participants. We investigated the rate of co... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.383 | 0.856 | ["llm", "education", "crisis"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605909 | [
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level (four levels: high school or less, some college, bachelor’s degree, postgraduate education) | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12992218/ | Divergent patterns of probabilistic reasoning in humans and GPT-5 - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.532 | 0.726 | ["education"] | 97 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.605982 | [
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point in the visual field where no image was perceived. This contradicted the earlier assumption that the entire retina was capable of detecting light. He presented this finding in the court of King Louis XIV of France and also to the Royal Society of London, sparking further interest among scientists and philosophers.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.488 | 0.876 | [] | 491 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.833251 | [
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ever, Mariotte's discovery disproved this theory. The blind spot in humans is located about 12–15° temporally and 1.5° below the horizontal and is roughly 7.5° high and 5.5° wide. [ 3 ] Though harder to detect, the blind spot extends over the entire retina as angioscotoma . History [ edit ] The blind spot was first dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.464 | 0.88 | ["strategy"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.833645 | [
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Blindpoint of human eye For other uses, see Blind spot (disambiguation) . This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Blind spo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.468 | 0.868 | ["strategy", "crisis"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.833809 | [
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vertebrate eyes, the nerve fibers route before the retina , blocking some light and creating a blind spot where the fibers pass through the retina and out of the eye. In octopus eyes , the nerve fibers route behind the retina, and do not block light or disrupt the retina. In the example, 4 denotes the vertebrate blind ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.308 | 0.872 | [] | 463 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.833958 | [
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he nerve fibers, including the optic nerve ( 3 ). Distribution of rods and cones along a line passing through the fovea and the blind spot of a human eye [ 1 ] A blind spot , scotoma , is an obscuration of the visual field . A particular blind spot known as the physiological blind spot , "blind point", or punctum caecu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.342 | 0.89 | [] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.834088 | [
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c of the retina where the optic nerve passes through the optic disc. [ 2 ] Because there are no cells to detect light on the optic disc, the corresponding part of the field of vision is invisible. Via processes in the brain , the blind spot is interpolated based on surrounding detail and information from the other eye ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.392 | 0.876 | ["strategy", "philosophy"] | 501 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.834220 | [
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ilar because they evolved independently , do not. In them, the optic nerve approaches the receptors from behind, so it does not create a break in the retina. The first documented observation of the phenomenon was in the 1660s by Edme Mariotte in France. At the time it was generally thought that the point at which the o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.354 | 0.856 | [] | 460 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.834343 | [
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appropriate letter ( R for right or L for left). Place your eye a distance from the screen approximately equal to three times the distance between the R and the L . Move your eye towards or away from the screen until you notice the other letter disappear. For example, close your right eye, look at the "L" with your lef... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.303 | 0.894 | ["war_conflict"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.834482 | [
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re 10,000 times more sensitive to light than the cones, making them the primary receptors for night vision. Since the cones are concentrated near the fovea , the rods are also responsible for much of the peripheral vision. The concentration of cones in the fovea can make a night blind spot in the center of the field of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.315 | 0.874 | ["strategy"] | 496 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.834629 | [
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drome Angioscotoma References [ edit ] ^ Brian A. Wandell (1 January 1995). Foundations of Vision . Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-853-7 . ^ Gregory, R., & Cavanagh, P. (2011). "The Blind Spot" . Scholarpedia . Retrieved on 2011-05-21. ^ MIL-STD-1472F, Military Standard, Human Engineering, Design Criteria For Mil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.475 | 0.692 | ["strategy", "war_conflict"] | 459 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.834761 | [
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of Vision . ^ "Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors". Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25C ed.). Federal Aviation Administration . 2023. p. 22. Archived from the original on 2023-06-20. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . v t e Phenomena of the visual system... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.476 | 0.696 | ["strategy", "education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.834930 | [
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s Other phenomena Aura Form constant Scintillating scotoma Palinopsia Visual snow Afterimage on empty shape Cosmic ray visual phenomena Closed-eye hallucination Authority control databases International GND Other Yale LUX Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blind_spot_(vision)&oldid=1324757715 "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.49 | 0.816 | ["strategy", "philosophy"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.835060 | [
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ticles needing additional references from November 2011 All articles needing additional references | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision) | Blind spot (vision) | en.wikipedia.org | cc_by_sa | false | 0.459 | 0.724 | [] | 98 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:19.835196 | [
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Carl Alasko Ph.D. Beyond Blame Relationships How to Create New Patterns I want to stop falling into the same relational ruts! Posted May 22, 2012 Share Tweet Share on Bluesky Share Email THE BASICS Why Relationships Matter Take our Can You Spot Red Flags In A Relationship? Find a therapist to strengthen relationships D... | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-blame/201205/how-to-create-new-patterns | How to Create New Patterns | Psychology Today | psychologytoday.com | unknown | false | 0.517 | 0.872 | ["networking", "family"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.037376 | [
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to an emotionally abusive husband to her brother’s stealing from her. I suggested she write a narrative of her relationships, noting details of when she first noticed problems in each case, and what evasions she had employed to allow her to ignore or minimize the warning signals. And promised more details this week. I ... | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-blame/201205/how-to-create-new-patterns | How to Create New Patterns | Psychology Today | psychologytoday.com | unknown | false | 0.374 | 0.866 | ["networking", "war_conflict", "family"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.037678 | [
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ue to others’ characteristics, but to less than healthy patterns of our own. And people mostly avoid looking at, let alone changing, unhealthy patterns of behavior. There are three common reasons for that. 1) We don't want to recognize that we are personally responsible for our decisions, including the ones that create... | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-blame/201205/how-to-create-new-patterns | How to Create New Patterns | Psychology Today | psychologytoday.com | unknown | false | 0.356 | 0.846 | ["decision_making", "philosophy"] | 436 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.037831 | [
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ke changes. 3) It's a lot easier to blame others. In fact, however, our own decisions and resulting behaviors are responsible for the majority of our success in life. Luck, of course, also plays a big part. But what decisions we make, and how we make them, tend to fall into certain patterns — which means that most outc... | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-blame/201205/how-to-create-new-patterns | How to Create New Patterns | Psychology Today | psychologytoday.com | unknown | false | 0.468 | 0.872 | ["decision_making", "networking"] | 493 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.037972 | [
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haviors, specifically the ways we make decisions. If your decision-making behavior is typically driven by emotion and distorted thinking, it's an absolute necessity to start analyzing carefully where and how you made that first crooked left turn that ultimately ended up with you in the ditch. The good news is that chan... | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-blame/201205/how-to-create-new-patterns | How to Create New Patterns | Psychology Today | psychologytoday.com | unknown | false | 0.342 | 0.864 | ["decision_making"] | 496 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.038095 | [
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It simply requires rigorous attention to detail. Let’s take, for instance, the reader’s complaint that her brother had stolen from her and was otherwise financially abusive. The first question she question she would be wise to ask herself is: when was the first event that indicated these abuses? How did she respond to ... | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-blame/201205/how-to-create-new-patterns | How to Create New Patterns | Psychology Today | psychologytoday.com | unknown | false | 0.308 | 0.854 | ["salary"] | 442 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.038246 | [
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ay it back, and then did not fulfill his promise. His excuses were likely swathed in emotional pleas that justified his lack of responsibility. "It's not my fault. I really tried! Could you help me out just one more time? Please? I'm really hurting." If she demonstrated, to both her brother and herself, a dysfunctional... | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-blame/201205/how-to-create-new-patterns | How to Create New Patterns | Psychology Today | psychologytoday.com | unknown | false | 0.473 | 0.696 | [] | 446 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.038363 | [
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, the abuse would inevitably continue. As it did. Establishing firm limits about making the decision to help another person, particularly a family member, is complicated by long family history often filled with conflicting emotions. Therefore, in order to break the old patterns of abuse, the reader needs to establish h... | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-blame/201205/how-to-create-new-patterns | How to Create New Patterns | Psychology Today | psychologytoday.com | unknown | false | 0.357 | 0.866 | ["family", "decision_making", "war_conflict"] | 482 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.038496 | [
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I expect you to maintain your word at all times. If you fail to fulfill an agreement, I won’t continue. Period." Why be this firm, even curt? Because one simple truth of life is that everyone pushes limits in every relationship. We are, after all, territorial beings, and larger territory feels much better to most of us... | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-blame/201205/how-to-create-new-patterns | How to Create New Patterns | Psychology Today | psychologytoday.com | unknown | false | 0.322 | 0.702 | ["negotiation", "networking", "philosophy"] | 448 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.038626 | [
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ckly learn who tolerates pushing and who doesn't. If you habitually bend your own rules, if you're a pushover, you will be exploited. This truth may sound harsh, but it's still a fundamental truth. THE BASICS Why Relationships Matter Take our Can You Spot Red Flags In A Relationship? Find a therapist to strengthen rela... | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-blame/201205/how-to-create-new-patterns | How to Create New Patterns | Psychology Today | psychologytoday.com | unknown | false | 0.509 | 0.868 | ["networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.038752 | [
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ing, we always find in healthy ones all parties have set firm limits and boundaries and both all parties respect them. So if you keep running into similar bad experiences, do some writing, find the first warning signs you ignored and boundaries you didn’t guard, resolve to pay attention earlier and write out the bounda... | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-blame/201205/how-to-create-new-patterns | How to Create New Patterns | Psychology Today | psychologytoday.com | unknown | false | 0.524 | 0.856 | ["salary", "networking", "war_conflict"] | 441 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.038888 | [
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o do this will pay off for the rest of your life. Share this post Facebook Bluesky Linkedin Email About the Author Carl Alasko, Ph.D. is the author of Beyond Blame (Tarcher Penguin), and like his first book Emotional Bullshit , it has been published in five languages. Online: Carl Alasko, Ph.D. , Facebook More from Ca... | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-blame/201205/how-to-create-new-patterns | How to Create New Patterns | Psychology Today | psychologytoday.com | unknown | false | 0.346 | 0.694 | ["salary"] | 417 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.039022 | [
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Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness Unlocking the Potential of Leadership Through Emotional Intelligence Mike Fisher Apr 10, 2024 7 Share This post is a collaboration with my good friend and colleague Joann Farrell Quinn , Associate Professor at University of South Florida Muma College of Business. Dr. Quinn is a well publ... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.661 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "communication", "war_conflict", "economy", "education"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.243212 | [
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e quest for a deeper, more holistic understanding of self-awareness has emerged as a paramount concern. This new model of holistic self-awareness, intricately weaves together emotional self-awareness within the Emotional Intelligence (EI) framework alongside the insights from Identity Theory (IT) and Social Identity Th... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.705 | 0.822 | ["war_conflict", "leadership"] | 469 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.243542 | [
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plications for contemporary leadership paradigms. By tracing this evolution, we discover insights into how individuals navigate their roles and how these roles influence their self-conception and behavior—insights that are crucial for transitioning into and excelling in leadership positions. Emotional Intelligence (EI)... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.494 | 0.822 | ["leadership"] | 453 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.243679 | [
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ge one's own emotions and the emotions of others. In her HBR article , Lauren Landry, breaks down EI into the four components of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. She states, “According to research by organizational psychologist Tasha Eurich , 95 percent of people think the... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.588 | 0.83 | ["war_conflict", "management", "networking"] | 423 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.243834 | [
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e, and that can pose problems for your employees. Working with colleagues who aren’t self-aware can cut a team’s success in half and, according to Eurich’s research, lead to increased stress and decreased motivation.” An example of EI in action is Microsoft's transformation under Satya Nadella. Nadella's strategies and... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.445 | 0.834 | ["philosophy", "management", "motivation", "war_conflict"] | 437 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.243972 | [
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his journey and the transformation of Microsoft. Nadella prioritized empathy, collaboration, and personal growth, significantly shifting Microsoft's culture and business success. Under Nadella, Microsoft prioritized collaboration, learning from failures, and an inclusive approach, resulting in renewed innovation and em... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.581 | 0.824 | ["communication", "economy", "rhetoric", "leadership", "strategy"] | 501 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.244106 | [
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mwork and adaptability in the face of challenges. This approach highlights the importance of emotional intelligence in fostering a positive work environment and driving organizational success. The intricate dance between identity and leadership is a compelling narrative that shapes the contours of organizational life. ... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.641 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "crisis", "career"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.244257 | [
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influences not only their approach to leadership but also the dynamics within their organizations. This relationship underscores the importance of self-awareness, as it enables leaders to understand how their identities intersect with their roles, thereby impacting their interactions and decisions. The alignment of lea... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.677 | 0.826 | ["leadership", "decision_making", "ethics", "networking", "career"] | 492 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.244406 | [
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ultimately enhancing organizational performance. In a previous article , I explored an eight-year study by Stanford researchers James Baron and Michael Hannan on tech startups, revealing how the founder's identity significantly influences the firm’s organizational structure, personnel management, and culture. This stud... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.426 | 0.834 | ["education", "management", "philosophy"] | 499 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.244540 | [
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ccess rates, including survival and going public. Additionally, it categorizes founders' approaches into three dimensions—Attachment, Selection, and Coordination—and identifies five resultant organizational structures. The choice among these structures, which include Star, Engineering, Commitment, Bureaucracy, and Auto... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.437 | 0.818 | ["management", "decision_making"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.244680 | [
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ng-term viability or post-IPO market capitalization. In addition to EI, two other frameworks , Identity Theory (IT) and Social Identity Theory (SIT), offer ways to understand how individual roles and group affiliations influence behavior and self-conception. Social identity theory is the analysis of the role of self-co... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.59 | 0.834 | ["motivation"] | 495 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.244800 | [
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interactive, and macrosocial facts of group life. Identity Theory is a family of views on the relationship between mind and body, which hold that at least some mental states are identical to brain states. In other words, that mind and matter are in actuality but different expressions of a single reality. Combined, IT a... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.421 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "networking", "family"] | 463 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.244930 | [
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plifies leadership that leverages these theories. Her book Lean In discusses overcoming personal and professional hurdles, fostering leadership qualities, and the importance of building supportive communities, demonstrating the principles of IT and SIT in practical leadership. She advocates for resilience, inclusivity,... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.625 | 0.816 | ["leadership", "management", "career", "philosophy"] | 453 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.245061 | [
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gnificantly affect team dynamics and performance. Sandberg's initiatives to create a supportive work culture, such as encouraging open discussions about challenges and failures, reflect an understanding of the complex interplay between personal identities and group dynamics. Leadership identity, intricately linked with... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.46 | 0.812 | ["leadership", "management", "crisis", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 417 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.245222 | [
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leader's ability to adapt during turbulent times. The capacity to prioritize among one's multifaceted identities in response to situational demands is essential for steering organizations through challenges. This adaptability requires a deep understanding of one's own psychological landscape, including the impacts of i... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.486 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "management", "decision_making", "crisis"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.245346 | [
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ntities not only ensure their own well-being but also safeguard the prosperity of their organizations. They employ strategies that allow for flexibility and change, ensuring that their leadership style and decisions are congruent with the evolving needs of their organization and its members. Howard Schultz's return to ... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.571 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "decision_making", "ethics", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.245478 | [
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values and reconnecting with customers and employees. His efforts included closing all US stores for a day of employee training, improving the quality of coffee, and revitalizing store ambiance. Schultz's actions reflect a deep understanding of Starbucks' identity and a commitment to its values, leading to a successful... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.588 | 0.86 | ["leadership", "ethics"] | 511 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.245606 | [
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ything, it’s that you can’t predict what’s on the horizon. There will always be something new and unexpected waiting just around the corner. As a leader, you must be ready to work with whatever you’re given to come to the best solution. In other words, you’ve got to be adaptable.” Furthermore, leadership identity does ... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.508 | 0.864 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.245734 | [
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p can vary significantly, thus affecting how leaders perceive themselves and how they are perceived by others. This cultural dimension adds layers of complexity to the development of a leader’s self-awareness. Leaders who are adept at navigating these cultural nuances can tailor their leadership styles to resonate more... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.505 | 0.826 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict"] | 420 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.245867 | [
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y and purpose across diverse cultural landscapes. Leadership effectiveness varies across cultural contexts, demanding adaptability and cultural sensitivity. KFC's global strategy illustrates successful cultural adaptation. In China, KFC has tailored its menu to local tastes, offering items like congee and Sichuan spicy... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.367 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "strategy", "diplomacy"] | 477 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.245990 | [
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ost successful foreign fast-food chains in China. The key to KFC's success lies in its deep understanding of local preferences and cultural nuances, demonstrating the critical role of cultural awareness in global business strategy. This example shows that leaders who grasp and respect cultural differences can more effe... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.427 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "strategy", "management", "diplomacy"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.246119 | [
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ch as self-awareness, mindfulness, and reflection. These traits serve as potent tools, allowing leaders to delve into their thoughts, emotions, and actions with greater clarity. Reflective writing is a method that aids leaders in examining their leadership persona, emotional dynamics, and behavioral tendencies, providi... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.612 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 452 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.246244 | [
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from peers, subordinates, and mentors is pivotal. However, it's important to recognize that receiving genuine feedback from subordinates necessitates leaders to first demonstrate vulnerability and transparency. This initial step sets the stage for open and constructive feedback, promoting an environment of mutual trust... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.403 | 0.826 | ["leadership"] | 464 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.246369 | [
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ime' into their schedules is crucial for leaders. This dedicated time for reflection and self-development is essential, ensuring it's not overshadowed by other pressing duties. Such practices not only foster personal growth but also sharpen strategic thinking, decision-making capabilities, and overall leadership effica... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.527 | 0.82 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "strategy", "decision_making", "philosophy"] | 462 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.246551 | [
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ed in the cultivation of holistic self-awareness. By embracing mindfulness, reflective practices, and feedback, leaders are equipped to embark on a continuous journey of self-discovery. This process, grounded in the integration of individual and group dynamics, prepares leaders to shape the future of business with visi... | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.66 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "strategy", "crisis", "war_conflict", "education"] | 512 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.246685 | [
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heir developmental arsenal, aiming not just for personal achievement, but for the creation of thriving, adaptable organizations. Share 7 Share Previous Next | https://mikefisher.substack.com/p/why-leaders-need-self-awareness | Why Leaders Need Self-Awareness - by Mike Fisher | mikefisher.substack.com | unknown | false | 0.582 | 0.744 | [] | 156 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.246798 | [
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ens, thousands, or even millions of other people? As we argue in The New Psychology of Leadership , researchers have tended to answer this question in one of three broad ways. Proponents of a classical approach generally provide answers framed in terms of core qualities that particular individuals possess (or lack). Th... | https://www.amacad.org/publication/daedalus/rethinking-psychology-leadership-personal-identity-social-identity | Rethinking the Psychology of Leadership: From Personal Identity ... | amacad.org | unknown | false | 0.597 | 0.846 | ["leadership"] | 458 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.449804 | [
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of the changing social relationship between leaders and followers and, more specifically, of whether the leader represents a group that the followers currently identify with. So, in the context of the 2008 presidential primaries, Democrats supporting Clinton may not have seen Obama as charismatic. But in the context of... | https://www.amacad.org/publication/daedalus/rethinking-psychology-leadership-personal-identity-social-identity | Rethinking the Psychology of Leadership: From Personal Identity ... | amacad.org | unknown | false | 0.383 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "networking"] | 426 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.450063 | [
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ing, if that is how we see our collective selves. To be prototypical is to be extraordinary, not to be average. Or rather, because being influential depends upon the way one is perceived by other group members, to be seen as prototypical is to be seen as extraordinary. Indeed, studies show that those who are seen as pr... | https://www.amacad.org/publication/daedalus/rethinking-psychology-leadership-personal-identity-social-identity | Rethinking the Psychology of Leadership: From Personal Identity ... | amacad.org | unknown | false | 0.532 | 0.85 | ["leadership"] | 436 | Self-Awareness Leadership Identity | topic | 2026-04-14T02:25:20.450213 | [
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