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R "servant behaviour*" TITLE Psychology (“PSYC”) Arts and Humanities (“ARTS”) Decision sciences (“DECI”) Environmental science (“ENVI”) Multidisciplinary (“MULT”) Open in a new tab This procedure allowed us to obtain a subset of 357 papers published between 1984 and 2019, which were then analysed using VOSViewer (Van E... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.528 | 0.864 | ["decision_making", "networking", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.915844 | [
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on network and also key concepts and trends emerging from the co-occurrence network. Afterwards, the basic statistics of the whole subset of papers were examined in order to provide some general insights: the temporal and geographical evolution of the literature, the subject areas involved, the ranking of the 10 most c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.292 | 0.84 | ["networking", "war_conflict"] | 449 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.916000 | [
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analyses are reported in the following sections. Results Citation Network Analysis The initial procedure of the network analysis was aimed at identifying the main article clusters emerging from the citation network by using the VOS Clustering analysis (Van Eck et al., 2010 ; Waltman et al., 2010 ). “A citation network ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.434 | 0.864 | ["networking", "education"] | 492 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.916120 | [
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a program providing powerful visualization tools. The objective was to identify the nodes that cite or have been cited the most, thus representing the most consolidated research in the field. This was possible by conducting the betweenness centrality analysis of a vertex, which is “the proportion of all geodesics betwe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.309 | 0.864 | ["communication"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.916247 | [
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e importance of a node in the communication between any node pair in the network, to identify those playing a central role in information flows and being responsible for the system vulnerability (i.e. vertexes lying on many of the shortest paths between other vertexes). Figure 3 shows the flow of knowledge over time, w... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.486 | 0.866 | ["networking", "communication", "education", "philosophy"] | 495 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.916423 | [
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of the first author and the year of publication. It is clear how the research structure has changed over time: from 1996 to 2012 it developed linearly, while from 2012 on it has started to articulate towards different directions often interconnected to each other. One possible interpretation of this pattern is the foll... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.308 | 0.864 | ["war_conflict"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.916544 | [
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d different research trends emerged, referencing papers and literature reviews started to come out. Fig. 3. Open in a new tab Main path of articles from citation network Based on the previous analysis, the most relevant papers were studied not only to identify the key concepts expressed by the single paper but most imp... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.47 | 0.874 | ["networking"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.916728 | [
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would not be very visible in the general set of papers. The main findings, which are the result of a quantitative analysis and have not been selected by the authors according to a discretionary criterion, are reported in the following section with the aim of depicting a landscape of the scientific literature on the con... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.545 | 0.852 | ["leadership"] | 446 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.916858 | [
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with servant leadership is the one by Yang et al. ( 2019 ), which builds on self-determination theory to investigate, through an empirical study conducted in the Chinese banking sector, how servant leadership affects employee creativity. The authors used a survey based on five-point Likert scales to assess that there i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.662 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "innovation", "networking", "war_conflict", "family"] | 483 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.916984 | [
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mpowerment and moderated by work-family conflict. This paper can be considered as a pillar of the literature as it gathers the contributions of several articles, including a paper by the same author written two years before. Yang et al. ( 2017 ) previously provided evidence on other mechanisms influencing the relations... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.472 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "networking", "war_conflict"] | 489 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.917128 | [
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ediator, and team power distance, as a moderator. With regards to work-family balance, a similar study conducted by Tang et al. ( 2016 ) demonstrated that servant leadership is negatively related to employees’ work-to-family conflict (WFC) and positively related to work-to-family positive spillovers (WFPS), with the mo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.465 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "family", "networking", "education", "management"] | 507 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.917256 | [
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between servant leadership and WFPS. Hoch et al. ( 2018 ) compared servant leadership and other moral-based forms of leadership (authentic leadership and ethical leadership) with transformational leadership, to assess whether they were able to explain incremental variance with respect to a series of relevant organizati... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.511 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "ethics"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.917391 | [
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onal leadership, thus being of significant utility. Previously, Van Dierendonck et al. ( 2014 ) leveraged on two experimental studies and one field study to differentiate servant leadership from transformational leadership in the way they affect organizational commitment and work engagement, as the former is mediated b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.546 | 0.82 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "education"] | 417 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.917523 | [
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perceived leadership effectiveness. Hsiao et al. ( 2015 ) systematically integrated the three levels of organization, employee and customer to demonstrate that leaders displaying servant behaviours stimulate customer value co-creation (CVC) with the key mediating roles of positive psychological capital (PPC) and servic... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.531 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "resume"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.917654 | [
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p and followers’ OCBs, there are also the mediating mechanism of leader-member exchange (LMX) and the moderating mechanism of leader proactive personality. Chiniara and Bentein ( 2016 ) previously provided other mediating mechanisms between servant leadership and individual performance outcomes such as OCBs and task pe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.551 | 0.82 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 442 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.917788 | [
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employees (autonomy, competence and relatedness). Ozyilmaz and Cicek ( 2015 ) tested the positive effects of servant leadership on OCBs and on job satisfaction, assessing that this second relationship is partially mediated by psychological climate. Hunter et al. ( 2013 ) further investigated both the direct effects gen... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.514 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "management", "networking", "career"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.917913 | [
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at the team level, such as decreased turnover intentions, helping and sales behaviour through the mediation of service climate. Moreover, they investigated the basis for individuals enacting this mode of leadership and found that leader agreeableness represents a positive antecedent of servant leadership, while extrave... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.638 | 0.82 | ["leadership", "management"] | 422 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.918050 | [
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rvant leaders were also tested by Peterson et al. ( 2012 ) , who assessed that narcissism is negatively related to servant leadership while founder status (i.e. founder or non-founder) is positively related to servant leadership; both effects are partially mediated by the chief executive officer identification in the o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.458 | 0.854 | ["leadership"] | 510 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.918189 | [
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d behavioural, that constitute it. Neubert et al. ( 2016 ) tested servant leadership effects in hospitals, accumulating evidence that there is a positive relationship with both nurse and patient satisfaction, moderated by organizational structure. Similarly, Chen et al. ( 2015 ) explored how managers’ servant leadershi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.486 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "management", "networking", "philosophy"] | 472 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.918343 | [
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iation of self-efficacy and group identification. In relation to these performance behaviours, they also found that servant leadership explains additional variance above and beyond transformational leadership. Liden et al. ( 2014 ) developed a model to test servant leadership in restaurants and stores. Specifically, th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.611 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "innovation", "career"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.918505 | [
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d customer service behaviours as well as decreased turnover intentions, by establishing a serving culture at the unit level (e.g. store) and fostering employee identification with the unit. Liden et al. ( 2015 ) contributed to the literature by providing the shortest-to-date 7-item scale (SL-7) measure of global servan... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.641 | 0.836 | ["leadership"] | 457 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.918651 | [
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ed it across three empirical independent studies. Besides the topic of employee creativity already investigated in literature, Yoshida et al. ( 2014 ) ascertained the effects of servant leadership on individual relational identification and collective prototypicality, which, in turn, fosters team innovation. Antecedent... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.493 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.918783 | [
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rocess clarity and team servant leadership as three mechanisms affecting team potency, performance and organizational citizenship behaviour. The authors also emphasized the role of servant leaders in moderating the link between team-level goal and process clarity with team potency. Similar outcomes were found a year be... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.655 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "management", "networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.918939 | [
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ommitment to the supervisor, self-efficacy, procedural justice climate and service climate. Hale and Fields ( 2007 ) leveraged on three servant leadership dimensions introduced by Greenleaf (1977), namely service, humility and vision, to point out cultural differences affecting the way servant leadership is perceived i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.627 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "strategy", "social_justice", "philosophy"] | 495 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.919065 | [
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ce servant leadership behaviours less frequently. They also assessed that, when great value is placed on uncertainty avoidance, vision has a significant stronger relationship with leadership effectiveness. Previously, Dennis and Bocarnea ( 2005 ) developed and tested a scale aimed at measuring five out of the seven ser... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.572 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "strategy", "ethics", "networking"] | 476 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.919222 | [
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al way), humanity, vision, trust and empowerment. This theoretical development was drawn on a literature review by Russell ( 2001 ), who provided an overview of the current individual and organizational values associated with servant leadership, deepening their role in three main attributes: trust, appreciation of othe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.674 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "strategy", "ethics", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 494 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.919349 | [
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service was formerly developed by Farling et al. ( 1999 ) to explain how these variables relate one to another in defining the concept at the basis of servant leadership. This paper represented an evolution of two former analyses. The first one consists in a servant leadership model developed by Buchen ( 1998 ) within ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.682 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "networking", "economy", "education"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.919470 | [
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r with collaborators), reciprocity (a relationship of mutual dependency between leaders and followers), commitment (the absolute devotion to academic discipline) and finally future (the alignment between faculty and institution). The second is a reflection paper on Greenleaf’s definition of servant leadership by Spears... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.501 | 0.71 | ["leadership", "networking", "economy"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.919589 | [
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ion of the topic from its genesis (1970) to the current time (2019). At first, from the mid 1990’s to the late 2000’s, research was mainly qualitative and moved towards the development of a theoretical framework of servant leadership, as well as of various scales aimed at measuring the main dimensions of the construct.... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.701 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.919710 | [
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imental and field studies to investigate the antecedents, mediating mechanisms and boundary conditions of servant leadership. Recently, some qualitative studies have emerged again on the topic; however, very few scholars are taking advantage of mixed methods combining the quantitative and qualitative approach. From a t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.534 | 0.842 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.919850 | [
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in the most consolidated literature on servant leadership, even if not explicitly mentioned by single studies. All papers, except one, were built on the basis of the servant leadership theory, often in combination with theories on other leadership styles, such as transformational, or on antecedents, outcomes, mediators... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.567 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 463 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.919977 | [
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licitly employed more than one theoretical basis. The most recurring theory (6 out of 25 papers) was the social exchange theory, which was defined by Blau (1964) as “voluntary actions of individuals that are motivated by the returns they are expected to bring and typically do in fact bring from others” (p. 91) and is b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.519 | 0.85 | ["motivation", "philosophy"] | 442 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.920110 | [
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urces is a fundamental form of human interaction. Motivational theories were also found several times (6 papers), with different sub-theories, such as goal-setting theory, motivational language theory and intrinsic motivation theory, emphasizing various factors that can foster personal or followers’ motivation. The mos... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.365 | 0.838 | ["motivation", "philosophy"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.920239 | [
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n an empirically-based theory of human behavior and personality development aimed at identifying the social-contextual aspects that promote or prevent motivation based on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs such as competence, relatedness and autonomy (Ryan & Deci, 2017, pag. 3). The social learning theory (S... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.376 | 0.85 | ["education", "motivation"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.920368 | [
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al context through the combination of individual experience, social interaction and environmental factors. Finally, the least recurring theory was the social identity theory (2 papers), which is a social psychological theory examining the role of self and identity in group and intergroup dynamics (Hogg, 2016). Co-word ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.478 | 0.848 | ["networking"] | 505 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.920499 | [
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viewer on the basis of the co-occurrence network. Co-occurrence analysis assumes that the article keywords chosen by various authors represent an adequate description of the content or of the relationship that the paper establishes between investigated problems (Strozzi et al., 2017 ). The aim of the analysis was to fr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.458 | 0.858 | ["networking"] | 504 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.920649 | [
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nt a specific research pattern of the discipline. An occurrence threshold of 8 was used, with the goal of ensuring clusters’ consistency in terms of content and dimension. A set of the 17 most relevant keywords divided into 3 different clusters was obtained, as shown in Fig. 4 . Fig. 4. Open in a new tab Co-occurrence ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.457 | 0.88 | ["networking"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.920788 | [
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s and their link weights to how many times the words appear in the papers. Three colors (red, blue and green) differentiate the keywords belonging to one cluster from other clusters’ keywords, while the dimension of the node stands for the total link strength. In the following section, the keywords clusters are examine... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.387 | 0.87 | ["communication"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.920927 | [
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utput of a quantitative analysis, aimed at addressing the most used keywords in the literature and identifying research trajectories within each cluster. Cluster 1: Servant Leadership, Leadership, Transformational Leadership, Leadership Development, Scale Development, Trust Servant leadership is one of the most recentl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.652 | 0.808 | ["leadership", "communication", "ethics", "philosophy"] | 411 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.921085 | [
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ond self-interest to serve collective interests”. This concept was then expanded by Bass ( 1985 ) and applied to organizations as a guideline for leaders to make followers perform beyond expectations. From a theoretical standpoint, a significant overlap between servant leadership and transformational leadership has bee... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.674 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "strategy"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.921217 | [
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eadership has often been considered as a form of transformational leadership (Farling et al., 1999 ). Trust, in particular, has been addressed in both leadership styles as central to relationship: an important factor in the interdependence existing between leaders and followers, consisting in four distinct dimensions: ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.541 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "communication", "networking"] | 499 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.921344 | [
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e servant-leader follower transformational model. On the other hand, research has tried to identify and address the main differences, or better nuances, between the two leadership approaches: while servant leadership focuses more on supporting and developing individuals within an institution, transformational leadershi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.559 | 0.822 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "communication", "war_conflict"] | 428 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.921468 | [
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work towards a common goal (Allen et al., 2016 ). In 2010s, another stream of literature has focused on the development of a reliable and multidimensional scale to measure various aspects of servant leadership. Examples include the 6-item Servant Leadership Behavior scale (Sendjaya et al., 2019 ) to measure servant lea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.678 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 495 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.921601 | [
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... | ||
dership across different organizational contexts. Cluster 2: Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Public Sector, China Several empirical studies have analyzed the relationship between servant leadership and different organizational outcomes, both at the individual and collective level, such as job satisfaction ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.493 | 0.822 | ["leadership", "networking", "career"] | 490 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.921729 | [
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this type of relationship have been investigated. For instance, Kauppila et al. ( 2018 ) demonstrated that HR manager servant leadership positively influences organizational employees’ overall justice perception, which in turn enhances organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Moreover, they found that high leade... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.581 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "management", "social_justice", "philosophy", "networking"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.921865 | [
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advance positive justice perceptions among their followers. Since the general concept of leadership and the specific concept of servant leadership were developed in the US and in western societies, a consistent research stream has examined the generalizability of servant leadership constructs in completely different cu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.578 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "networking", "social_justice", "philosophy"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.921986 | [
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ning that relationships are expected to be participatory, democratic and consultative, while Chinese society is permeated by a collectivist culture, long-term goals and high-power distance, therefore based on the expectation that power is distributed unequally. Also, most of these studies were conducted in the public s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.597 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "networking"] | 446 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.922107 | [
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many positive organizational outcomes. Liu et al. ( 2015 ) partially confirmed the generalizability of servant leadership constructs from Western society to China and also found a positive relationship between supervisors’ servant leadership and the public service motivation. Cluster 3: Organizational Culture, Humans, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.501 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "motivation", "networking"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.922231 | [
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p that is responsive to a “service mission” in driving the company’s evolution and success. Effective servant leadership practices are “humane oriented”; they are implemented when managers or leaders invest in human resources to create a social exchange relationship with employees that makes them feel valued and repay ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.507 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "networking", "salary"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.922353 | [
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organizational citizenship and prosocial behaviors are fostered, leading to an increase in organizational performance. For instance, Zhou and Miao ( 2014 ) found that servant leadership positively influences employees’ commitment through perceived organizational support as a mediator. In this framework, culture, and pa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.565 | 0.812 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 426 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.922506 | [
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to the leadership style adopted within a company. On the one hand, servant leadership is more likely to apply in contexts characterized by specific cultural values such as paternalism, collectivism and low-power distance. On the other hand, servant leadership can be adopted to create a new organizational culture based ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.616 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "ethics", "networking"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.922645 | [
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some studies reported that, relative to their counterparts, leading females are more likely to display behaviors of altruistic calling, emotional healing and organizational stewardship (Beck, 2014) and to hold service and altruistic value (De Rubio & Kiser, 2015); therefore, they more often behave as servant leaders. K... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.591 | 0.698 | ["leadership", "communication", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.922772 | [
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words and therefore the core topics currently discussed in literature. Figure 5 , overlay visualization, displays the ultimate research trends by coloring them in yellow, in contrast with the oldest, colored in blue. It is possible to infer that the concept of servant leadership has been recently discussed in relation ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.612 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "career"] | 438 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.922892 | [
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satisfaction, to which it is linked by evidence. The effectiveness of this leadership style represented in several organizational contexts has encouraged the development of specific leadership practices, such as training or interventions, aimed at fostering the servant leadership behaviors. At present, most empirical s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.594 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "management"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.923012 | [
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ed by their managers, thus promoting the quality of relationships with end-customers and providing significant benefits to the whole organization. In this framework, the influence of organizational culture is still relevant, as it determines the way servant leadership is built by leaders and perceived by followers, alo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.595 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "management", "networking", "salary"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.923148 | [
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individual and organizational outcomes through different mediating and moderating mechanisms. Fig. 5. Open in a new tab Overlay visualization Global Analysis: Basic Statistics In the “analyze search results” section of Scopus, it is possible to gain some general insights into the whole subset of 357 papers used for the... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.648 | 0.862 | ["leadership"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.923284 | [
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ificant attention only with the beginning of the new millennium. Particularly, it experienced exponential growth from 2007 to 2019. This corresponds to the period when the first scales for the measurement of servant leadership were developed allowing the conduction of several empirical studies across various organizati... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.66 | 0.836 | ["leadership"] | 444 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.923404 | [
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cal standpoint, it is possible to observe in Fig. 7 how the trend has interested primarily the United States (40.8%), where theories of servant leadership first originated, and China in the second place (13.8%), where the western construct of servant leadership was tested to assess its reliability and validity across c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.493 | 0.856 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.923524 | [
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ng-term and collectivist country committed to work loyalty and respect, while the United States are more individualistic and oriented to short-term business relationships. The topic has then spread in most Anglo-Saxon countries, such as Australia (7.7%), United Kingdom (7.4%), South Africa (5.8%) and Canada (4.5%), pro... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.41 | 0.698 | ["networking"] | 508 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.923646 | [
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Turkey represent altogether the remaining 19.9%. Fig. 7. Open in a new tab Documents by country or territory Servant leadership is a versatile and multidisciplinary topic, as it can be applied to a variety of contexts that also fall outside that of the typical corporation. Figure 8 shows how, besides Business, Manageme... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.589 | 0.702 | ["leadership", "communication", "management", "rhetoric"] | 492 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.923749 | [
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re also significantly involved in the literature. This can be explained by the fact that, rather than organizations, at the core of servant leadership are humans: specifically, leaders and their followers. Fig. 8. Open in a new tab Documents by subject area Figure 9 shows the contribution of the most impactful journals... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.489 | 0.856 | ["leadership"] | 478 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.923814 | [
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the field and has grown exponentially from 2015. The journal of Business Ethics, with its 15 articles, has also been very influential for contributions to servant leadership research in the last decade. Other articles focusing on servant leadership have been published in Leadership Quarterly (10), International Journal... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.653 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "management", "ethics"] | 469 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.923881 | [
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ich are also the longest-running in time. Fig. 9. Open in a new tab Documents per year by source With regards to the scholars who significantly contributed to the academic research on servant leadership (Fig. 10 ), some are based in the United States, where leadership theories have originated and are still widely inves... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.471 | 0.858 | ["leadership"] | 495 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.923948 | [
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such as Greenleaf center for servant leadership. The most important contribution comes from van Dierendonck (2014, 2019), who has an expertise in leadership and leadership development at Erasmus University (Rotterdam, Holland) and is the associate editor of the International Journal of Servant Leadership, published by ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.494 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "education", "communication", "economy", "rhetoric"] | 477 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.924021 | [
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p. Two other influential authors are Liden et al. ( 2008 , 2014 , 2015 ) and Sendjaya et al. ( 2008 , 2019 ), who have been writing for some of the most important journals in the field, such as Leadership quarterly, Journal of business ethics and Leadership and organizational development journal, which were also highli... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.385 | 0.878 | ["leadership", "ethics"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.924094 | [
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Barbuto and Wheeler ( 2006 ), Cooper (2014) and Jaramillo (2009, 2015), have to be mentioned as they also provided considerable contribution to research, as proved by the number of citations of their works. Fig. 10. Open in a new tab Documents by author Figure 11 shows the output of an analysis performed in order to id... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.326 | 0.856 | ["philosophy"] | 484 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.924160 | [
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iderable attention from the scientific community. The ten most cited papers have been identified by extracting all 357 papers from the Scopus database and ranking them according to the overall number of citations of the last 5 years, divided by 5 (average value of citation per year). This reduced time span has been cho... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.418 | 0.878 | [] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.924218 | [
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to the fact that they would have received a greater number of citations over time. The article with the highest number of citations is the one by Liden et al. ( 2008 ) who developed and validated a multidimensional measure of 28 items measuring 9 essential dimensions of servant leadership. This scale has been widely ap... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.649 | 0.866 | ["leadership"] | 488 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.924315 | [
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sion of 7 item developed by Wayne et al. in 2015. The remaining most cited articles can be divided in three groups, according to the research streams. One stream has focused on the clarification of the construct and the servant leadership theories in organizations, including scale development and validation. A second s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.567 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.924401 | [
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inal and performance outcomes, both at the individual and collective level. Finally, a third stream has compared servant leadership to other moral-based leadership styles, such as transformational, ethical and authentic leaderships in terms of focus and their associations with a wide range of organizationally relevant ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.551 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "ethics", "philosophy"] | 508 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.924493 | [
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n the main path, while the remaining six are not. Being written by more than one authors, these impactful papers are the result of a significant investigation conducted on the topic by more scholars. Altogether, the articles suggest that the most consistent trend in literature is moving towards the measurement of serva... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.539 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 473 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.924564 | [
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levels (organization, employee, customer, etc.). This has been possible through the clarification of the common constructs composing servant leadership and the development of a scale able to test them across different organizations and organizational levels. Fig. 11. Open in a new tab Ranking of the ten most cited pape... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.496 | 0.858 | ["leadership"] | 507 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.924691 | [
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h developed in the context of servant leadership. The limitations of the study are mainly related to the adopted methodology. First of all, it consists in a literature review based on a citation network analysis, which may not be fully representative of a paper’s qualitative contribution to the body of knowledge, espec... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.495 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "education", "networking"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.924820 | [
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t relevant articles in the literature, driven by their reputation and popularity. However, these limitations can be overcome due to the fact that the purpose of the current study is to depict an evolutionary path of the topic, rather than investigate in-depth the contribution of single papers. The growing body of empir... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.592 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "education"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.924993 | [
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d some areas of the literature deserving further investigation. First of all, there is evidence that servant leadership can foster employees’ positive outcomes, with different antecedents and through various mediating and moderating mechanisms. These outcomes have been found at the individual, team and organizational l... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.515 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "management"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.925101 | [
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; Newman et al., 2017 ; Ozyilmaz & Cicek, 2015 ; Walumbwa et al., 2010 ) attitudinal, such as engagement and job satisfaction (Chiniara & Bentein, 2016 ; Hunter et al., 2013 ; Kauppila et al., 2018 ; Van Dierendonck et al., 2014 ) and performance, such as customer value co-creation and team performance (Hsiao et al., 2... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.585 | 0.874 | ["philosophy", "leadership", "management", "ethics", "career"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.925243 | [
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d beyond transformational, ethical and authentic leadership, with regards to these organizationally relevant criterion measures (Hoch et al., 2018 ). For this reason, scholars have addressed their attention to this leadership approach and several companies are moving towards the adoption of an organizational climate ba... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.602 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "ethics", "philosophy", "communication", "networking"] | 460 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.925341 | [
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o the organizational success (Eva et al., 2019 ). This aspect makes servant leadership attractive for both future research and usage. Also, in the analyses of the present study (main path, keywords clusters, global statistics), no significant criticism of servant leadership, from both an empirical and theoretical level... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.706 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "education"] | 469 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.925509 | [
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ement of the construct and its positive outcomes. It has to be considered, however, that the unquestioned positive praise of servant leadership may be due to the so called “Matthew effect”: the fact that those papers offering a promising perspective of servant leadership, which have previously been successful, are more... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.669 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "education"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.925757 | [
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the authors of the present study went beyond the outputs of the main analyses to identify in the literature some potential drawbacks associated with the adoption of this practice within organizations (Palumbo, 2015 ). First of all, it has to be considered that the servant leadership approach takes time to build, as it ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.697 | 0.7 | ["leadership", "ethics", "networking", "education"] | 482 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.926765 | [
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d the followers play | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476984/ | Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.538 | 0.558 | [] | 20 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:57.926839 | [
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Home Blog Servant Leadership: What It Means and Why It Matters Servant Leadership: What It Means and Why It Matters Date: September 7, 2023 Author: Alexandra Bardon Categories: Business Reading Time: 11 min Share Article link email facebook linkedin x Leadership takes many forms, and no single approach is ideal in ever... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.535 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "family", "philosophy"] | 419 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.128327 | [
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of all types to shine in their own distinct way. Increasingly, one model stands apart as uniquely capable of inspiring team members and fostering a supportive environment: servant leadership. Marking a massive shift in power dynamics, this approach dispenses with the usual top-down design, replacing the status quo with... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.652 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "management", "economy"] | 433 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.128635 | [
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team over the preferences of the executive suite. That’s not to say that servant leaders lack influence or authority — instead, they recognize the greater purpose of their position and use their influence to move like-minded teams toward a shared, clear vision. Implemented strategically and under the proper circumstanc... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.587 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "strategy", "management", "war_conflict"] | 443 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.128807 | [
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in productivity, although those can be expected. Rather, servant leadership produces mutual respect, which, in turn, ensures that leaders and team members alike are equally invested in their common goal. However, proper implementation is essential, and too often, well-meaning individuals quickly diverge from the servan... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.573 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "management"] | 485 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.128907 | [
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d why does it matter? What Is Servant Leadership? Servant leadership is precisely what its name implies: a distinct model in which the leader’s primary aim is to serve others and facilitate their growth. It is often defined in contrast to other models of leadership, in which the leader emphasizes the self and, more spe... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.578 | 0.87 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.128990 | [
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n emerged during the 1970s, as the rapid pace of innovation called for more innovative ways of thinking and leading. Robert K. Greenleaf introduced a revolutionary new concept of leadership with his seminal work: The Servant as Leader . He was inspired by the character of the servant Leo in the novel Journey to the Eas... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.452 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "motivation", "ethics", "innovation"] | 428 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.129111 | [
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ale that kept the group connected and productive. Servant Leadership Definition Most people have an intuitive feel for what servant leadership encompasses, but that doesn’t mean they can provide a definitive answer to the question, “What is the servant leadership style?” Part of the reason it’s difficult to define is b... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.64 | 0.86 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "strategy", "crisis"] | 495 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.129193 | [
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y, including the leader’s personality and vision. The Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal defines servant leadership as a moral-based approach in which “leaders tend to prioritize the fulfillment of the needs of followers, namely employees, customers and other stakeholders, rather than satisfying their persona... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.604 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "strategy", "ethics", "llm", "social_justice"] | 468 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.129267 | [
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feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first. Then conscious choice brings one to aspire to lead. That person is sharply different from one who is leader first.” Examples of Servant Leadership As servant leadership becomes more prominent, inspiring examples of this concept emerge in every sector imaginable. We can a... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.686 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "decision_making", "rhetoric"] | 510 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.129348 | [
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omers, and stakeholders aligned with their goals. Inspiring examples include: Robert K. Greenleaf No discussion of servant leadership would be complete without a close look at the concept’s founder, Robert K. Greenleaf. We have already discussed his seminal work, but it’s also important to mention how he put these conc... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.59 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "career"] | 503 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.129485 | [
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rovements in the treatment of minority employees. Greenleaf was called to a greater cause, however, and retired early to found the Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership , which, from its inception, has advocated to “establish more people-centered institutions.” Garry Ridge In an interview with Jacob Morgan , WD-40 CE... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.547 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "interview"] | 421 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.129564 | [
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ntral to our modern notion of servant leadership. Speaking to the need for emotional intelligence and empathy in today’s leaders, he explains, “Leadership is not about being in charge; leadership is about taking care of people in your charge.” This approach is evident in the company culture of WD-40, which is described... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.606 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "communication"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.129635 | [
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regards his outdoor apparel company as “an experiment in doing business in unconventional ways.” His model of servant leadership encompasses not only the core tenets of transparency and a supportive environment but also a spirit of giving best seen in his commitment to ecological causes. Patagonia famously commits 1 pe... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.468 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "faith_spirituality"] | 475 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.129731 | [
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ust and nonprofit meant to combat climate change. Characteristics of Servant Leadership Style No two servant leaders will look exactly alike, as their style and strategy will be dictated by the needs of their organization and the team members that serve it. Leaders will often not fully exemplify this style but rather w... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.683 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "strategy", "management", "ethics"] | 468 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.129843 | [
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ant leadership is all about putting others first. This begins with developing a deep-seated respect and appreciation for team members as they currently are — and for what they can eventually become, given the proper encouragement and support. Pat Falotico — former IBM executive and CEO of the Robert K. Greenleaf Center... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.663 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 461 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.129921 | [
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ine how team members benefit from their guidance. According to Greenleaf himself, servant leaders can be tested by determining whether those they serve “ while being served, become healthier, wiser, freer, more autonomous, more likely themselves to become servants.” This growth can only be achieved if it is evident tha... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.613 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "management", "agents"] | 428 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.129990 | [
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are willing to go the extra mile to support them. This begins with accepting and empathizing with team members, while encouraging them to live up to their highest potential. Highlighting the need for compassion in leadership, Greenleaf explains that “The servant always accepts and empathizes, never rejects.” When team ... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.453 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "management"] | 472 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.130058 | [
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the best in them, they will rise to the occasion. Inspire Through Visions and Goals Servant leaders are unquestionably passionate. They feel driven to make a difference and have an uncanny ability to communicate their ambitious goals in a way that gets team members similarly excited and invested. The language they use ... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.626 | 0.854 | ["strategy", "management", "leadership", "communication", "motivation"] | 469 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.130145 | [
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uy into their vision and contribute to the cause. Goal setting is a central part of servant leadership, but the composition of the goal and the involvement of others looks distinct when compared to goal setting in traditional leadership. With servant leadership, one of the central goals is to treat team members well — ... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.676 | 0.864 | ["leadership", "decision_making", "strategy", "management", "ethics"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.130263 | [
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