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critical component of leadership — servant-oriented or otherwise. Like other types of leaders, those who qualify as servants will eventually need to make tough choices that may prompt at least some undesirable consequences. These decisions are never easy to make, but servant leaders consider the many nuances of such cr... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.529 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "decision_making", "ethics", "crisis", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.130396 | [
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t seems in the moment, their path forward will play out positively. These convictions are bolstered by the knowledge that the needs of their entire team remain at the forefront when making any tough decision. Humility and Empathy in Leadership Servant leaders hold the opposing qualities of confidence and humility. They... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.662 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "management", "decision_making", "education"] | 480 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.130544 | [
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nesses — and realize that they can’t do it alone. Rather, servant leaders make strong efforts to seek and respond to feedback while still relying on their central vision and faith in that overarching goal for guidance. Because servant leaders regard evaluation and improvement as central to their role, many are willing ... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.579 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "strategy", "faith_spirituality"] | 424 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.130623 | [
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stionnaires that actively seek insight. Robert C. Liden highlights this need for self-awareness and humility with a dedicated questionnaire that reveals the differences in how self-described servant leaders perceive their own behavior — and how team members view it. Known as the Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ) ,... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.549 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management", "ethics", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.130696 | [
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aspiring servant leader to analyze results and actively seek improvement based on gathered feedback. Communicate and Persuade — Not Force Servant leadership is at its most effective when it relies on intrinsic sources of motivation, rather than forcing team members to perform in a certain way through fear or obligation... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.684 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "management", "communication", "motivation", "innovation"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.130811 | [
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t team members value and then finding creative solutions to align these individual goals or priorities with a clear, overarching vision. At times, servant leaders may still need to make or implement decisions that will not be popular with team members. This is where an important distinction must be made: servant leader... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.548 | 0.862 | ["management", "leadership", "strategy", "decision_making", "innovation"] | 484 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.130896 | [
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t doing exactly what those team members want now. Even when specific decisions are unpopular, the servant leader should be able to explain why those tough choices need to be made and how they will contribute to desired results in the long run. Through such powers of persuasion, servant leaders can convince team members... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.532 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "management", "decision_making", "rhetoric"] | 412 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.131183 | [
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be unenthusiastic about, at least at the outset. Because they trust and appreciate their leaders, team members are more inclined to willingly follow in their footsteps. Servant Leadership vs. Traditional Leadership Servant leadership is just one of several leadership styles used in today’s dynamic business environment.... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.529 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "management"] | 414 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.131264 | [
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t may not be relevant or ideal in all situations. As such, it is important for leaders (and aspiring leaders) to get familiar with alternate systems and solutions, including the more traditional approaches that they may have eschewed. Traditional leadership is often highlighted in contrast to servant leadership, and th... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.523 | 0.852 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.131336 | [
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s in mindset and purpose, as compared to its servant counterpart: traditional leadership focuses on how the business in question is positioned within the market, rather than emphasizing what the organization can do to serve others. Technically speaking, this need not be an either/or prospect. Businesses can establish t... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.455 | 0.822 | ["leadership", "communication"] | 418 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.131442 | [
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ositively impacting the employees they rely upon. The differences between servant and traditional styles come down to what is emphasized and how leaders view their role within the organization. Take the Next Step with Lindenwood Online Do you have the makings of a genuine servant leader? If so, you should already recog... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.54 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.131514 | [
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ou bring valuable support and encouragement to today’s most inspiring teams. Your journey begins with leadership training , which is best achieved through a well-rounded business degree program . We offer multiple options through Lindenwood Online, including the opportunity to complete your bachelor’s or master’s degre... | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.391 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management"] | 471 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.131586 | [
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ilter Reset Loading… Ready to Take the Next Step? Throughout each step of your online degree program, you will receive support. From enrollment and tuition planning to staying on the right track, your support team is there to ensure your success. Apply Now Request Info (636) 949-2000 | https://www.lindenwood.edu/blog/servant-leadership-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/ | Servant Leadership: What It Means & Why It Matters | Lindenwood University | lindenwood.edu | unknown | false | 0.478 | 0.794 | ["strategy", "management", "llm"] | 284 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.131657 | [
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ided between municipalities who are responsible for primary care services, and the state which is responsible for specialised healthcare. Furthermore, the state has delegated and divided the responsibilities into four regional health authorities. Access to the hospitals was gained by contacting the respective hospitals... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.523 | 0.818 | ["leadership", "networking", "career"] | 423 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.342766 | [
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sponsive 1 Coordinating 3 Coordinating 4 Total interviews 6 Total interviews 7 Total observation 52 h Total observation 63 h Open in a new tab Interviews with Coordinating team members and team leaders from Structural, Hybrid and Responsive teams were conducted post observation using semi structured interview guides. A... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.535 | 0.854 | ["interview", "management", "leadership", "economy"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.343189 | [
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erpretative content of the collected data [ 24 ]. Interviews, transcripts, and observation notes were read through several times by all authors to achieve a sense of the whole, followed by discussions in the research group. In the first round of analysis all transcribed interviews were individually searched for meaning... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.508 | 0.846 | ["interview", "management"] | 469 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.343460 | [
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ent for staff both to train new skills and retrain certain skills, e.g., medication management. To manage these demands, the leaders planned for competence building as part of the staff’s long-term work schedules, by rostering compulsory training days alongside regular shifts. In addition, new or revised procedures nee... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.435 | 0.828 | ["management", "leadership"] | 413 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.343615 | [
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BMC Health Serv Res . 2022 Jul 13;22:908. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08296-5 Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study Birte Fagerdal Birte Fagerdal 1 SHARE – Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavang... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.583 | 0.862 | ["education", "leadership", "management"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.343771 | [
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E – Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway Find articles by Hilda Bø Lyng 1 , Veslemøy Guise Veslemøy Guise 1 SHARE – Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway Find articl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.491 | 0.706 | ["education"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.343875 | [
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niversity, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia Find articles by Janet E Anderson 3 , Petter Lave Thornam Petter Lave Thornam 4 Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, N-5009 Bergen, Norway Find articles by Petter Lave Thornam 4 , Siri Wiig Siri Wiig 1 SHARE – Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.517 | 0.708 | ["philosophy", "education"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.343997 | [
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ARE – Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway 2 Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, N-5021 Norway 3 Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia 4 Haraldsplass Deaco... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.497 | 0.822 | ["education"] | 445 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.344095 | [
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eb 25; Accepted 2022 Jul 4; Collection date 2022. © The Author(s) 2022 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the origina... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.48 | 0.836 | ["innovation", "philosophy"] | 430 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.344187 | [
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in permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.475 | 0.684 | ["innovation"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.344345 | [
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healthcare systems and stakeholders adapt and cope with challenges and changes to enable high quality care. Team leaders are seen as central in coordinating clinical care, but research detailing their contributions in supporting adaptive capacity has been limited. This study aims to explore and describe how leaders ena... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.388 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "management", "education", "crisis"] | 453 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.344472 | [
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e embedded case study in two Norwegian hospitals. A case was defined as one hospital containing four different types of teams in a hospital setting. Data collection used triangulation of observation and interviews with leaders, followed by a qualitative content analysis. Results Leaders contribute in several ways to en... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.535 | 0.852 | ["management", "leadership", "education", "interview"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.344626 | [
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workload, risk, and staff needs; (3) relational leadership; and (4) emphasising situational understanding and awareness through timely and relevant information. Conclusion Team leaders are key actors in everyday healthcare systems and facilitate organisational resilience by supporting adaptive capacity in hospital team... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.451 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.344759 | [
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h a strong relational and contextual understanding. Keywords: Resilience, Adaptive capacity, Hospital managers, Leaders, Teams, Organisations, Quality, Patient safety, Risk Background “When the winds of change blow, some people build walls and others build windmills” Chinese proverb [ 1 ] Resilience in healthcare can b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.547 | 0.854 | ["management", "leadership", "crisis"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.344884 | [
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healthcare is a research tradition exploring how healthcare systems and stakeholders adapt and cope with a large range of variations to enable high quality care. Understanding adaptive capacity has been a key concern in resilient healthcare studies [ 3 ]. Adaptive capacity is the ability to adapt to external and intern... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.518 | 0.86 | [] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.344992 | [
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ncept building, with most research taking place in acute and emergency settings [ 5 ]. However, the literature lacks empirical studies testing the theories, as well as explorations of the underlying dynamics of resilience and adaptive capacity [ 6 , 7 ]. As a result, there is limited knowledge of how systems, such as h... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.483 | 0.856 | ["communication", "crisis", "education", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.345116 | [
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tudinal designs, multilevel and mixed method designs are needed to validate theoretical constructs and extend the evidence base [ 8 ]. Furthermore, we need research designs that address the complexity and adaptive capacity of healthcare systems as a whole [ 5 ] instead of focusing on the ability of individual system ac... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.525 | 0.86 | ["communication"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.345259 | [
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es, and involves the ability to endure and adapt to new risk environments [ 8 ]. It is also related to how these systems succeed and are able to adapt and integrate new and innovative ways of working such as using technology and tools to improve quality in service provision [ 9 ]. Although the importance of resilience ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.43 | 0.874 | ["strategy", "management"] | 493 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.345449 | [
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le of teams in providing adaptive capacity [ 3 ]. The increasing complexity of healthcare organisations makes it more and more necessary to rely on collaboration within and between professional groups to provide quality in care and treatment, consequently more work in hospitals is now team based [ 11 , 12 ]. Teams are ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.402 | 0.848 | ["management", "communication", "innovation", "career", "economy"] | 454 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.345628 | [
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dividual employees can offer on their own [ 13 ]. But our understanding of how teams coordinate their efforts to respond flexibly to emerging problems is unfortunately limited as is the role of leadership and organisational support for adaptive capacity in teams [ 3 ]. As there are gaps in our knowledge related to the ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.436 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "management", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.345764 | [
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nd organisational structures support adaptive capacity [ 3 ]. This study is part of the Norwegian contribution to the international study of Resilience in Healthcare [ 3 ], an international cross-country, multilevel comparative study of resilience in healthcare taking place in six countries. The Resilience in Healthcar... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.536 | 0.84 | ["education", "management"] | 469 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.345912 | [
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ve capacity in different types of hospital teams. Four types of teams that differed in structure and purpose were included; (1) Structural; co located, uni/multi professional, prolonged teamworking, (2) Hybrid; some permanent and some rotating staff, planned teamwork, (3) Responsive ; acute and unplanned episodes of te... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.537 | 0.854 | ["management", "career"] | 500 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346076 | [
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he four teams are presented in Table 1 . Table 1. Team description of the four team types (Anderson et.al) [ 3 ] Team type Structural team Hybrid team Responsive team Coordinating team Location Co located Partly co located Mobile Meeting Membership Stable Combination of stable and rotating Varying Stable Ways of teamwo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.539 | 0.86 | ["management", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346204 | [
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ers Team members who work in different departments Ward leaders representing their departments Examples Ward teams Acute admission units Emergency response teams (e.g., stroke and cardiac arrest teams) Capacity meeting across organisational units Open in a new tab Maintaining quality and safety is an ongoing challenge ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.468 | 0.844 | ["management", "leadership", "crisis", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346351 | [
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ng acute admissions, staff shortages, and deteriorating patients [ 16 ]. Previous research has shown that leaders are vital for team effectiveness and improving quality and patient safety [ 17 , 18 ], ensuring organisational resilience [ 19 , 20 ] and managing the conflicting goals of safety and production demands [ 21... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.525 | 0.87 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346409 | [
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lthcare settings, and thus understand how leaders influence adaptive capacity. Because research on organisational adaptive capacity has traditionally been conducted in fields other than leadership, the implications of leaders’ influence are not always clear [ 20 ]. This study seeks to close this knowledge gap by invest... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.494 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "education", "management"] | 427 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346478 | [
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dership and leaders’ own experience and practice. The aim of this study was to develop new knowledge about the role of leaders in supporting and enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams. The following research question guided the study: In what ways do leaders enable adaptive capacity in hospital teams? By investig... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.47 | 0.866 | ["education", "leadership", "management"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346547 | [
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nd a new framework, both of which are important for future leadership practice and further theory development in our effort to conceptualize and operationalise resilient performance. Methods Design and setting Due to little previous research on the role of hospital leaders in enabling adaptive capacity, a qualitative e... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.451 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "education", "philosophy"] | 468 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346603 | [
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tudy conducted in two Norwegian hospitals [ 22 ]. A case was defined as one hospital containing four different types of teams. The following team types were selected and studied in each hospital according to the study protocol [ 3 ] (Table 2 ): Structural teams . Ward based whose members routinely worked together and c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.365 | 0.862 | ["management", "war_conflict", "education"] | 487 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346662 | [
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eams had a mix of permanent and rotating members. These teams had a permanent nursing team and a rotating medical team. They were located at short stay units, such as emergency care and diagnostic short stay units. The Responsive teams’ members were located at different departments and reacted to emergencies of cerebra... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.357 | 0.854 | ["management", "decision_making", "crisis", "agents"] | 492 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346721 | [
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g teams facilitated decision making and workflow. Their work spanned hospital units, coordinating patient flow across the hospital. Table 2. Description of the observed team and leaders in the study Team type Structural team Hybrid team Responsive team Coordinating team Hospital Hospital 1 Hospital 2 Hospital 1 Hospita... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.544 | 0.856 | ["management", "war_conflict", "leadership", "decision_making", "crisis"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346780 | [
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sponsive team Stroke responsive team Bed coordination team Bed coordination team Location Co located bed ward team caring for neurology patients Co located bed ward team caring for orthopaedic and surgical patients Partly co located team in diagnostic short stay unit Partly co located team in emergency ward Emergency r... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.532 | 0.694 | ["management", "crisis", "war_conflict", "career"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346846 | [
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across organisational units Professions included in the team Nurse, auxiliary nurse, physician Nurse, auxiliary nurse, physician Nurse, auxiliary nurse, physician Nurse, physician Nurse, physician, radiotherapist Nurse, physician, radiotherapist Head Nurse Head Nurse Defined team leader role Head nurse Head nurse Head ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.547 | 0.692 | ["management", "leadership", "career", "education"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346903 | [
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process followed the guidelines from the international study protocol of the RIH project, of which study is a part [ 3 ]. Both hospitals were selected and invited based on their different size and teaching role to ensure variability. Hospital 1 is a large University hospital and Hospital 2 is a medium size local hospit... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.512 | 0.866 | ["education", "strategy"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.346960 | [
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art of the professional network of researcher BF. After presenting the project for the hospital’s leaders, we collaborated with the hospitals to select the different teams based on the recruitment specifications. Data collection Data collection methods included observations, interviews, and document analysis. Data were... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.527 | 0.84 | ["management", "leadership", "networking", "career", "interview"] | 492 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347030 | [
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one or several team members during their workday. As the four teams differed in how they collaborate, the exact observation methods had to align with their work organisation. For the Structural and Hybrid teams the researchers followed one or several team members during an evening shift and the subsequent day shift for... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.523 | 0.864 | ["management", "economy"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347107 | [
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they responded to acute alarms, enabling the researchers to be present during the acute episodes of teamwork in the Responsive teams. The Coordinating teams met for 10 to 15 min in a daily planned meeting. The researchers observed these meeting for a two-week period. In one of the hospitals this meeting was converted t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.375 | 0.846 | ["management"] | 454 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347182 | [
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ended digitally alongside the other participants. This resulted in a total of 115 h of observations as shown in Table 3 . The researchers used an observation guide based on central concepts from the resilience literature and essential features of teams. These were team characteristics, team organisation, collaboration,... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.535 | 0.842 | ["management", "communication", "economy", "rhetoric"] | 505 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347257 | [
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vable misalignments between demands and capacity. The Concept for Applying Resilience Engineering—(CARE) model [ 23 ], was used to collect and interpret the observational and interview data, including pressures experienced and adaptations made by team members and, their planned activities versus actual activities carri... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.411 | 0.846 | ["management", "interview"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347315 | [
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and work as done, misalignments between demand and capacity and the need for adaptations and adjustments to maintain acceptable outcomes. Accordingly, we looked for activities that could indicate how leaders responded to the need for adaptations and adjustments and enabled their teams to adapt, by, for example, conduct... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.428 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "management"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347381 | [
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everyday work and how adaptive capacity was enabled and supported. After each observation the researchers wrote individual observation notes using the observation guide to structure the text. In this article we used the observation material related to the leaders’ role in enabling adaptive capacity. Table 3. Overview o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.573 | 0.854 | ["interview", "management", "leadership"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347443 | [
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r leader for the weeks following the observations. Two slightly different interview guides were used in this study, one for the interviews with team leaders and one for the interviews with team members, to better frame the perspectives. The themes covered in the two guides had similarities, such as opinions and experie... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.422 | 0.86 | ["management", "interview", "leadership", "communication", "economy"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347507 | [
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from superiors both within the team and the broader organisations; and experiences of dealing with misalignments between capacity and demands. In addition, the interview guide for team leaders also focused on their leadership role in the organisation. Interviews were conducted with thirteen leaders. Eight of the interv... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.615 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management", "interview", "education"] | 510 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347571 | [
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ing teams, using the interview guide for leaders. In addition, five interviews were conducted with members of the Coordinating teams, i.e., the bed allocating teams consisting of leaders from all the wards in both hospitals, who met daily to discuss bed capacity. When these leaders were interviewed in their capacity as... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.578 | 0.838 | ["management", "leadership", "interview", "war_conflict"] | 430 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347626 | [
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r role as team leaders on their respective wards. We therefore included those parts of the interviews with these five participants in our material on leaders, as it brought richness to the overall data while aligning with the aim and research question of this article (See Table 4 for detailed information on the intervi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.453 | 0.832 | ["interview", "leadership", "management", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 418 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347695 | [
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e interviews. All interviews were audio recorded. Most of the interviews were held face to face at the leader’s workplace, but due to Covid-19 restrictions three of the interviews were conducted digitally. The length of interviews varied from 45 to 90 min, with a median length of 70 min. Transcribed interviews and obse... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.362 | 0.864 | ["interview", "management", "career", "leadership"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347753 | [
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Profession Sex Age Structural RN a F 44 Structural RN F 59 Hybrid RN, MSc a F 40 Hybrid RN F 56 Responsive Physician, PhD a F 43 Responsive Physician F 43 Coordinating RN F 39 Coordinating RN M 33 RN F 47 RN F 37 RN, MSc F 47 RN, MSc F 43 RN F 56 Sum RN = 5 Physician = 1 F = 6 RN = 6 Physician = 1 F = 6 M = 1 Interview... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.541 | 0.674 | ["leadership", "interview", "career"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347890 | [
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nterviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim by researcher BF. Observation notes and interviews for each team at each hospital were grouped to facilitate the analysis. The analysis was performed with an inductive approach. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of data material according to Graneheim and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.324 | 0.854 | ["management", "interview", "philosophy"] | 499 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.347951 | [
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were condensed and divided into tentative codes. The codes and their interrelations were discussed several times in the research group and sorted into subcategories, categories, and themes. Observation notes were included in the analysis and coded using the same approach. We found that the observation notes correlated ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.336 | 0.854 | ["interview", "philosophy"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348007 | [
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in four themes representing the activities engaged in by hospital team leaders to enable adaptive capacity, called enablers. Table 5 shows an example of the analytic process. Table 5. Example of qualitative content analysis process Quote Condensed meaning unit Codes Manifest Subcategory Category Themes Latent Every oth... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.364 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "management"] | 499 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348066 | [
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physician or if they have to call intensive care. It's very educational. Not everyone thinks it's great fun, but they're getting better and better Fixed day for simulation training, educational even if some thinks is unpleasant Fixed day for simulation, deciding who is attending Arrange simulation training as part of c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.379 | 0.846 | ["education", "management", "crisis"] | 486 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348138 | [
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and there are a lot of considerations to be done. Putting together the team that you think works well or this doesn't work, right? So, I feel a lot of times that I spend an enormous amount of time on distribution team members. Because I kind of distribute to the evening shift and to the night shift and do a rough distr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.449 | 0.89 | ["management", "crisis"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348220 | [
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appen during the evening and nightshifts Difficult to disperse employees to the teams considering multiple factors. And the workload situation changes during the different shifts. Time-consuming activity Multiple factors to consider when putting together the teams, considering what will work well and what will not Cons... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.371 | 0.848 | ["management", "crisis"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348293 | [
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nd staff needs A low functioning team is if you as a person is somewhat rigid, and don’t want to change or adjust to the ward’s needs. Or not wanting to help out, because we are dependent on that. Otherwise, it will not work The ward is dependent on employees who are willing to help each other and adjust to requests De... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.419 | 0.876 | ["war_conflict", "leadership", "management", "networking"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348350 | [
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ort and flexibility Relational leadership Evening shifts were reported very busy, and our software also confirmed that the income of patient was at its peak in early afternoon, and so we altered one of the day shifts to a middle shift to match the staff amount with patient amount. This was a new shift with working hour... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.394 | 0.89 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348441 | [
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an and creating a new role/working hour to match the staff amount with the patient amount Busy evenings shift due to high income of patient led to change in work schedule for better match of patients and staff Busy evening shifts led to changing the shift plan in to staff in line with the number of patients Changing th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.52 | 0.73 | ["leadership", "management"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348498 | [
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showed that team leaders engaged in four enabling activities to support the adaptive capacity of their teams. As shown in Fig. 1 , the four themes were (1) Building competence, (2) Balancing workload, risk and staff needs, (3) Relational leadership – staying close to everyday work and (4) Situational understanding of w... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.423 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "management"] | 439 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348561 | [
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rs and activities enacted by the leaders. Fig. 1. Open in a new tab Four enablers for adaptive capacities in teams Building competence in the teams Facilitating training and education for new employees The leaders emphasised that healthcare has increasingly become more and more specialized, which led to a need for an i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.6 | 0.858 | ["management", "leadership", "career", "education"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348620 | [
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d professional skills development among the team members. In general, new employees rely on considerable tuition and training in the first months of their employment to become competent at their job and function on a secure professional level. The hospitals included in this study, had developed an induction program for... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.57 | 0.838 | ["career", "management", "education"] | 464 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348679 | [
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getting to know the environment of the workplace. Close follow up from the leader with regularly planned dialogue was a key part of the induction process. The competence plan developed in the wards estimates that it takes one year of ascending the steps from novice to competent worker. Correspondingly, new employees ne... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.601 | 0.878 | ["leadership", "salary", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348738 | [
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handle a variety of everyday situational demands. While not all team members were positive about the simulation method, according to the leaders, most of them did acknowledge that this was a very productive method for learning. Especially for the responsive teams, simulation was of high value since this was the only wa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.519 | 0.836 | ["management", "education", "leadership", "communication", "economy"] | 443 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348798 | [
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he level of support provided as their needs changed. Responsive team members do not work together on a normal basis, and these teams depend on each team member already knowing their role. The leaders therefore paid extra attention to team members’ training through simulation activities and ensured that newcomers acted ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.413 | 0.86 | ["management", "leadership", "philosophy"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348889 | [
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e team as an observer and perform under supervision before they are on their own” (Leader of responsive team hospital 1). Monitoring competence among staff The leaders pinpointed that they depend on having competent staff and are continually working to facilitate the team members competence development. It was therefor... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.425 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "management", "strategy", "philosophy"] | 452 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.348947 | [
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the safety and quality of the service provision. All leaders in the study argued they were familiar with the competence level of each individual employee. Some leaders explained the use of formal systems for monitoring the competence level through software programs where the employees register their courses, certificat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.578 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy", "strategy", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349008 | [
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ed this information about competence levels when staffing the different shifts. The leaders also made sure that employees are offered the training and courses they need and have annual recertifications rounds which were documented in the software used. “… we have that software where we add all the things they need to k... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.436 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "management", "philosophy"] | 436 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349066 | [
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what they need…” (Leader hybrid team hospital 1). Facilitating simulation and practice- based learning For team members to be able to elaborate and maintain their competence as a key dimension for adaptive capacity, leaders highlighted that they need to facilitate competence development at the workplace for it to take ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.434 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "management", "education", "economy"] | 464 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349127 | [
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ing was one of the methods used for this purpose. Our observations of simulation training sessions in some of the teams we followed confirmed this. All the leaders emphasised simulation as a valuable method for competence development. While not all teams had established well-functioning simulation groups, all the leade... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.384 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict"] | 464 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349186 | [
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her and develop their collaboration capabilities. The leaders explained how they arranged simulation sessions on a regular basis and made sure that all employees participated. Since the responsive team members only work together during acute episodes and the teams are composed of members from different departments in t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.412 | 0.852 | ["management", "communication", "economy", "rhetoric", "leadership"] | 495 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349244 | [
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oration with team members they did not know well. This was most visible in the large hospital, while in the midsize hospital the Responsive team members were more likely to know each other. For instance, during an observation of the Responsive team in the midsize hospital, the team had performed simulation training wit... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.416 | 0.866 | ["management", "communication", "education", "philosophy", "rhetoric"] | 502 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349335 | [
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they had discussed during the simulation session. “…What we focus on in simulation is precisely good team leadership and communication. So, we practice less on the actual stroke course than team collaboration” (Leader responsive team hospital 1). The leaders were aware of the role of reflection in practice as an import... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.375 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management", "communication", "war_conflict", "economy"] | 490 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349398 | [
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rs to debrief employees and encourage discussion. Some leaders also used debriefs to focus on aspects and adaptations that went well in the situation allowing for reflection of what they should do more of in their work. For example, during covid some of the employees ensured equipment availability by developing a kit c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.397 | 0.84 | ["leadership"] | 438 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349460 | [
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acute patients with unclear Covid – 19 statuses. This adaptation enabled faster examination without contaminating unnecessary equipment or needing assistance from colleagues outside the room. The leader subsequently implemented this kit for all incoming patients with contagion risk. Scheduling training to build compete... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.395 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "management", "education"] | 465 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349560 | [
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hin workhours to enable teams’ adaptive capacity. Expanding their employee’s competence is important both for the safety of the patients but also to comply with governmental and other regulatory requirements, leaders said. Instruction guidelines of patient treatment from regulatory authorities are increasing, with the ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.431 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "management", "governance"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349628 | [
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members as a prerequisite for safe work practice. Leaders responded to these demands by arranging fixed days of the week for tuition or information meetings throughout the year. Due to high workload on the ward, however, it was often difficult for staff to leave their regular work tasks to attend these pre-arranged mee... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.461 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "crisis", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 421 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349695 | [
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ber to take over responsibility for the patients. Another way of refreshing or building competence and buffer capacity was therefore by personnel rotation on different teams in the inpatient wards (structural and hybrid teams). In that way team members could learn new procedures, diagnoses, or refresh previously acquir... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.41 | 0.87 | ["management", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349761 | [
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n team, they want to work there to refresh their knowledge and feel safe with the routines of the team again” (Leader structural team hospital 1). Balancing workload, risk, and staff needs Facilitating careful mix of experience and skills within the teams The leader’s effort in composing the teams to match the competen... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.581 | 0.86 | ["management", "leadership", "education"] | 496 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349854 | [
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ork task varied significantly throughout the day. When adapting and managing team composition the leaders first assigned the tasks that required specialized competence, then they carefully distributed the more experienced team members to secure competence in every team. And finally they allocated the rest of the team m... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.401 | 0.858 | ["management", "leadership"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.349954 | [
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rienced team members for the teams to function optimally. During our observation we noticed that experienced team members shared knowledge and skills with the novices, leading them to enhance their competence. Furthermore, leaders informed us that some people functioned better together than others depending on personal... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.415 | 0.85 | ["management", "leadership", "motivation", "economy", "education"] | 512 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.350051 | [
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great importance because the team’s adaptive capacity relied on members’ collaboration to make the system work. “Otherwise, it doesn’t work … we don’t choose our colleagues and we don’t have to be best friends … but everyone has to contribute in order to make it a good day at work.” (Leader structural team hospital 2).... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.449 | 0.85 | ["management", "leadership", "communication", "strategy", "economy"] | 442 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.350151 | [
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eaders made 52-weeks shift plans for their teams. They explained how they took a lot of time to adapt the team’s competence mix, while at the same time trying to comply with individual team member’s needs. The leaders also needed to take the different trade union demands for healthy shift plans into consideration. They... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.395 | 0.85 | ["management", "leadership", "economy", "philosophy"] | 454 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.350247 | [
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ing for different reasons or going on sick leave. So, despite the enormous work undertaken with this long-term planning effort, adaptive short-term planning was always necessary as well. During the observations we noticed the change in teams’ capacity with deteriorating patients or acute admissions leading to shifting ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.377 | 0.858 | ["management", "leadership", "strategy", "philosophy"] | 504 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.350341 | [
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her prioritizing tasks or getting more resources. This could also imply an adaptation by the leader to organize extra resources or reallocate resources for the next shifts. “… I plan for the evening and night shift, and then I roughly plan the next day shift, leaving a couple of positions open for redistribution the ne... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.429 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "management"] | 431 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.350441 | [
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ght shifts.” (Leader structural team hospital 1). Staffing according to risk and experience The leaders worked to align resources and demands to reduce patient risk. Teams that had extra responsibilities or functions outside the team, e.g., also having responsibility in the responsive team, were allocated extra personn... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.409 | 0.862 | ["management", "leadership"] | 503 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.350533 | [
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n a team member left the team for acute episodes. The leaders carefully distributed key responsibilities to employees they knew could manage these tasks. Placing competent and experienced employees in key positions was a way of securing capacity for managing risk. “You have the numbers in your head, who is laying in th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.594 | 0.838 | ["management", "leadership"] | 431 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.350628 | [
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toring …basically the number of resources needed. And then you look at who is coming on the shift, distribute after competence and all the extra responsibilities. It is a lot to distribute and quite difficult at times” (Leader structural team hospital 1). When an experienced person on sick leave from one of the teams n... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.582 | 0.844 | ["management", "leadership", "crisis"] | 439 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.350720 | [
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ement staff member often moved from another team. For example, during our observation of a morning hand-over, one employee called in sick and the leader then had to move an experienced nurse from another team and replace that nurse with a less experienced nurse. Relational leadership and staying close to everyday work ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.494 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "management"] | 481 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.350812 | [
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e of involvement, caring, and helping each other. They spoke of having a culture characterized by support and flexibility where willingness to help each other in peak situations improved the overall capacity of the team. When hiring new employees, the leaders looked for good team players. Good relations amongst the tea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281060/ | Exploring the role of leaders in enabling adaptive capacity in hospital teams – a multiple case study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.594 | 0.864 | ["management", "leadership", "crisis", "career", "interview"] | 511 | Servant Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T03:48:58.350945 | [
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0.026705974712967873,
0.041564520448446274,
0.0333801731467247,
0.0... |
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