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loyees may show to silence due to their feeling of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload when they suffered destructive leadership. Furthermore, a high level of job complexity made the negative effect of destructive leadership even worse. Moreover, other study ( Molino et al., 2019 ) found a positive relatio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.412 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "career", "networking", "war_conflict", "education"] | 444 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.227278 | [
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-assisted job demand (off-TAJD), and workaholism. In addition, they found that both workload and workaholism mediated the relationship between destructive leadership and exhaustion. According to Dolce et al. (2020) , destructive leadership was related to exhaustion via autonomy. Moreover, they found that autonomy, cogn... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.448 | 0.816 | ["leadership", "networking", "career"] | 455 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.227458 | [
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ship between destructive leadership and recovery. Innovation refers to the successful implementation of new ideas by members ( Zhou and George, 2001 ), as well as the introduction of new products and services ( Klingebiel and Rammer, 2014 ). Innovation performance is a part of business performance and makes a significa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.348 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "innovation", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.227566 | [
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rmative leadership ( Pieterse et al., 2010 ), shared leadership ( Cox et al., 2003 ), creative self-efficiency ( Newman et al., 2018 ), voice behavior ( Guzman and Espejo, 2019 ), and openness and knowledge ( Wang et al., 2020 ) as antecedents that positively influence and increase a company’s innovation. However, we b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.5 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "innovation", "philosophy", "management", "career"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.227723 | [
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he effected company performance, job satisfaction, positive self-evaluation, and well-being, exhaustion ( Schyns and Schilling, 2013 ; Dolce et al., 2020 ). Majority of previous studies on innovation have focused on positive factors increasing innovation at individual and organizational levels ( Anderson et al., 2004 ;... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.534 | 0.682 | ["innovation", "career", "philosophy"] | 414 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.227815 | [
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., 2018 ; Ali et al., 2020 ; Kaya et al., 2020 ). These studies have discovered positive effects of leadership types with other positive antecedents of innovation. As leadership is seen as an important driver of innovation, many studies have actively conducted the effects of positive leader’s behaviors that increase cr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.368 | 0.86 | ["leadership", "innovation", "management", "philosophy"] | 496 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.227908 | [
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hinder innovation, especially at the team level. Additionally, some studies have found that leaders do not show positive behaviors in stressful or crisis situations that ultimately lead to negative outcome ( Brandebo, 2020 ). Hence, this study examined negative leadership styles and contexts that hinder team innovation... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.528 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "crisis", "education"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.227997 | [
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anizational goals and exacerbates the team members’ motivation ( Einarsen et al., 2007 ). Such destructive leadership continuously abuses the members of the team and negatively impacts their job satisfaction, motivation, and behavior ( Schyns and Schilling, 2013 ; Brandebo, 2020 ; Mackey et al., 2021 ), and innovative ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.576 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "innovation", "management", "motivation", "career"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.228109 | [
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estructive leadership hinders innovation and analyses factors that magnify or weaken these conditions. By examining the direct effects of destructive leadership on team innovation performance, we seek conditions moderating this relationship. In this sense, we bring together two important moderating factors from team an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.58 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.228220 | [
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nnovation performance by increasing conflict and disagreement between members of the team ( De Dreu and Weingart, 2003 ). In other words, if the level of intra-team conflict is high due to interaction between team members, the team leader’s destructive leadership is expected to further reduce team innovation performanc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.466 | 0.846 | ["management", "leadership", "philosophy", "innovation", "war_conflict"] | 489 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.228313 | [
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factor that affects team innovation performance. Organizational diversity refers to the degree of difference among team members in age and gender, as well as their different opinions, knowledge, skills, values, and principles ( Dahlin et al., 2005 ). Recent studies have already revealed that organizational diversity pr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.431 | 0.836 | ["management", "ethics", "innovation", "education", "philosophy"] | 440 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.228439 | [
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Jehn et al., 1999 ; Horwitz and Horwitz, 2007 ). Conversely, it may also lead to conflicts while implementing organizational strategy and delays the decision-making process ( Shemla et al., 2016 ; Chen et al., 2019 ). Therefore, we expected that the negative effects of destructive leadership on team innovation performa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.498 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "strategy", "management", "decision_making", "innovation"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.228560 | [
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onal variables such as destructive leadership, intra-team conflict, and organizational diversity. Thus, the detailed and dynamic conditions that maximize negative effects of destructive leadership on innovation performance were identified through an integrated approach. Theoretical background and research hypotheses Em... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.466 | 0.81 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "management", "innovation", "philosophy"] | 447 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.228661 | [
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actors which organizations have various contexts. Thus, the use of one theoretical lens is not sufficient to understand the organizational performance. For this reason, we used several theories for building the hypotheses of this study. First, leader behavior strongly affects the organizational member’s attitude and be... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.357 | 0.826 | ["philosophy", "leadership", "education"] | 443 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.228788 | [
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nomic and social exchange process ( Blau, 1964 ). Blau (1964) suggested trust as an important antecedent for establishing better relationships because social exchange relationships have voluntary and informal characteristics. According to the social exchange theory ( Blau, 1964 ), organizational members who have receiv... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.434 | 0.828 | ["networking", "leadership", "philosophy"] | 448 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.228872 | [
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nse of obligation to effort for the organization. In this vein, employees who received abusive supervision and unfair treatment by leader will have negative sense and emotion toward leader and organization. Therefore, employees’ trust, intrinsic motivation, and obligation toward the team innovation will be decreased. A... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.453 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "war_conflict", "strategy"] | 489 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.228956 | [
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viors on team innovation activity (Hypothesis 1). Second, threat-rigidity theory suggested that members, teams, and organizations exhibit rigidity or inability to act and do something new, in the face of adversity ( Staw et al., 1981 ). Hence, it suggested that perceived social threat, as in relationship conflict, acti... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.434 | 0.844 | ["management", "crisis", "innovation", "networking", "war_conflict"] | 496 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.229055 | [
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and Probst, 1998 ; O’Neill and Mclarnon, 2018 ). This point is that conflicts among team members negatively affect team innovation because team members cannot make flexible thinking and new attempts. Thus, we can assume that in leaders with high destructive leadership, teams with higher conflict would have a higher pai... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.449 | 0.858 | ["management", "leadership", "innovation", "war_conflict", "communication"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.229140 | [
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Tajfel, 1981 ) to address that organizational diversity moderates the relationship between destructive leadership and team innovation performance. Social categorization theory ( Tajfel, 1981 ) explain that people do not feel prejudiced or attracted to heterogeneous groups because they categorize themselves by character... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.382 | 0.822 | ["leadership", "communication", "management", "innovation", "networking"] | 436 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.229246 | [
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ers with similar characteristics ( Byrne, 1971 ). Referring to the premises of the this theory, organizational members can be further categorized into smaller groups with regard to diversity elements such as age, gender, education, and experience ( Telyani et al., 2022 ). Segmentation within a team based on a variety o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.409 | 0.858 | ["management", "leadership", "innovation", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.229355 | [
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ation by team members who have experienced disruptive leadership behavior ( Hypothesis 3). Finally, contingency theory postulates that no one best management method exists ( Donaldson, 2001 ). Therefore, theorists who argued for contingency theory tried to identify the meet point of the organization and environment for... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.388 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.229442 | [
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e of diversity ( Van Knippenberg et al., 2004 ; Richard et al., 2007 ; Wegge et al., 2008 ; Sung and Choi, 2021a ). In this study, we highlighted the role of intra-team conflict and organizational diversity as important contingency factors that enhances or minimizes the effect of destructive leadership on performance (... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.411 | 0.874 | ["management", "leadership", "war_conflict", "education", "philosophy"] | 509 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.229538 | [
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cohesion and commitment ( Zouaghi et al., 2020 ). Therefore, we expect that both organizational diversity and intra-team conflict which are important contingent factors moderate the relationship between destructive leadership and team innovation performance ( Hypothesis 4). Destructive leadership and team innovation pe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.436 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy", "innovation", "networking"] | 483 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.229625 | [
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a mockery of them ( Schyns and Schilling, 2013 ). Destructive leadership increases negative emotions, feeling and attitudes among team members ( Tepper et al., 2004 ; Erickson et al., 2015 ), causing stress and degrading their well-being. In such situations, the members’ job dedication and satisfaction decrease, causin... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.602 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "philosophy", "career"] | 465 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.229716 | [
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eventually reducing team innovation performance. The continuous destructive behavior of the leader makes it difficult for members to maintain long-term motivation for innovation ( Aryee et al., 2007 ; Schyns and Schilling, 2013 ). Innovative actions based on job satisfaction cannot be expected from members who are less... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.433 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "motivation", "innovation", "management", "crisis"] | 426 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.229842 | [
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ve leadership ( Connolly and Viswesvaran, 2000 ). Furthermore, members treated unfairly by destructive leaders feel threatened by interpersonal injustice ( Skarlicki and Folger, 1997 ; Collins and Jackson, 2015 ), emotional exhaustion ( Xu et al., 2015 ), and identity ( Aquino and Douglas, 2003 ), while also feeling an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.523 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict", "social_justice", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.229930 | [
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organizational commitment, increased turnover intention ( Ashforth, 1997 ; Iqbal et al., 2021 ), and increased unproductive work activity ( Mitchell and Ambrose, 2007 ) may be triggered, leading to bad team innovation performance. Therefore, members who are tired of destructive leaders become more focused on controllin... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.464 | 0.822 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "philosophy"] | 421 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230016 | [
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han trying to contribute to organizational goals. As a result, insufficient resources and efforts necessary to achieve innovation are put in, which negatively affect team innovation performance. Members who have suffered great stress and emotional exhaustion from destructive leadership are evasive and passive to ease t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.499 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "innovation", "management", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230139 | [
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ly avoid contact or feedback to minimize resource loss in stressful situations ( Hobfoll, 1989 ; Tepper et al., 2007 ; Whitman et al., 2014 ), which negatively influences team innovation performance. As a form of evasive and passive behavior, members engage in passive actions, including organizational silence, reducing... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.452 | 0.832 | ["philosophy", "management", "innovation"] | 426 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230323 | [
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and not proposing new ideas ( Xu et al., 2015 ). That is, members tend to remain silent if the leader shows no interest in their suggestions to solve work-related problems creatively ( Vakola and Bouradas, 2005 ). Constructive and diverse opinions of members in the course of job implementation are an important element ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.38 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "innovation", "career"] | 445 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230399 | [
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n Dyne and LePine, 1998 ; Ng and Feldman, 2012 ). However, destructive leadership that leads to the silence of members encourages intentional omission and neglect and eventually negatively affects team innovation performance. Hypothesis 1 (H1). Destructive leadership will have a negative influence on team innovation pe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.435 | 0.854 | ["management", "leadership", "innovation", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230477 | [
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h between two or more team members on an issue ( Wall and Callister, 1995 ; Shetach, 2009 ). The concept of conflict can be divided into task and relationship conflict. Task conflict refers to a state of conflict in which active discussion and personal excitement among members arise related to the task given by team ( ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.387 | 0.856 | ["war_conflict", "management", "networking"] | 461 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230546 | [
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ative emotions about interpersonal relationships. Conversely, relationship conflict is the recognition of inconsistency and differences over interpersonal preferences, values, and personality differences, and involves negative emotions ( Jehn, 1995 ; Jehn and Bendersky, 2003 ). Previous studies have shown that normal t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.361 | 0.844 | ["networking", "war_conflict", "ethics", "philosophy"] | 490 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230614 | [
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, 2003 ; Hu et al., 2019 ; Downes et al., 2021 ). De Dreu and Weingart (2003) show that task conflicts have a positive relationship with team performance only partly, with an overall negative relationship with everything else. Thus, the impact of task conflict on organizational performance remains controversial and lea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.501 | 0.864 | ["management", "war_conflict", "networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230680 | [
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... | ||
t in particular negatively affects team performance ( Badke-Schaub et al., 2010 ). Job autonomy, peer support, leader-member exchange relationships, and organizational support awareness have been addressed as organizational environmental factors that promote innovation ( Scott and Bruce, 1994 ; Axtell et al., 2000 ; Ja... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.477 | 0.846 | ["networking", "leadership", "communication", "management", "innovation"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230740 | [
-0.038700077682733536,
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al support and relationships with coworkers ( Kwon and Kim, 2020 ). However, if the relationship between team members is not good and conflict occurs, members risk losing motivation for innovation. Intra-team conflict is also a phenomenon caused by interaction between members, and the satisfaction or performance of mem... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.399 | 0.868 | ["management", "war_conflict", "networking", "motivation", "innovation"] | 503 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230802 | [
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2003 ; O’Neill et al., 2013 ; Yin et al., 2020 ). However, destructive leaders negatively affect members’ psychological condition by continuously abusing them ( Park et al., 2018 ; Ogunfowora et al., 2021 ). As a result, not only is the members’ immersion in their work reduced, but conflict between members cannot be re... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.492 | 0.688 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "management"] | 446 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230855 | [
0.031280696392059326,
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destructive leadership and team intra-conflicts. Conflicts cause lack of communication among members and increase stress, incurring psychological unsafe in the course of completing their task ( Suifan et al., 2019 ; Esbati and Korunka, 2021 ). Additionally, members become increasingly passive toward implementing given ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.614 | 0.826 | ["war_conflict", "leadership", "communication", "management", "innovation"] | 428 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230919 | [
0.04267352074384689,
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Dreu and Weingart, 2003 ; Beitler et al., 2018 ). As previous studies have identified, relationship conflicts increased tension among team members, further hindering their innovation behaviors ( Lu et al., 2011 ). Thus, we assumed that intra-team relationship conflicts which act as a psychological mechanism, causing em... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.439 | 0.848 | ["management", "networking", "war_conflict", "innovation", "education"] | 486 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.230987 | [
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Lu et al., 2011 ; Vinarski-Peretz et al., 2011 ). In other words, the higher the intra-team conflict level, the more negatively it will affect the team innovation performance. Therefore, the intra-team conflict level can be expected to further increase the negative effect of destructive leadership on team innovation pe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.44 | 0.676 | ["management", "leadership", "innovation", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 421 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.231052 | [
0.011615226976573467,
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shed the following hypothesis. Hypothesis 2 (H2). Intra-team conflict level will further strengthen the negative relationship between destructive leadership and team innovation performance. That is to say, the negative impact of destructive leadership on team innovation performance will be further strengthened if the i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.382 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.231116 | [
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avior, diversity can be explained by differences in a variety of areas ( Griggs, 1995 ) including race ( Zopiatis et al., 2014 ), gender ( Pinar et al., 2011 ), income and education level ( Hsiao et al., 2015 ), length of employment, rank ( Kim et al., 2009 ; Waight and Madera, 2011 ), and opinions, beliefs, and values... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.371 | 0.89 | ["ethics", "career", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.231182 | [
0.0635133758187294,
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e ( Soni, 2000 ; De Meuse and Hostager, 2001 ; Reynolds et al., 2014 ). However, according to social identity theory ( Tajfel, 1978 ; Cannella et al., 2015 ) and self-categorization theory ( Turner and Reynolds, 2011 ), individuals are motivated to enhance their social identity and thus classify their team members into... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.505 | 0.87 | ["management", "motivation", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.231312 | [
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similar characteristics ( Tajfel and Turner, 1986 ; Turner and Haslam, 2001 ) and a false bias develops between members. Furthermore, according to the similarity-attraction paradigm ( Barsade et al., 2000 ; Hoppe et al., 2014 ), there is a stronger bond between people who show similarity in interpersonal interaction. B... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.404 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "philosophy"] | 497 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.231423 | [
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uctive leadership on team innovation performance. In heterogeneous groups with high organizational diversity, members respond positively to those with similar characteristics, while perceiving those who are not similar as less trustworthy and uncooperative ( Turner and Reynolds, 2011 ). This can cause conflict among me... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.399 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "innovation", "management", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 426 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.231517 | [
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hammed and Angell, 2004 ; Zouaghi et al., 2020 ). Low level of team cohesion and frequent conflict among members due to high diversity may hinder the innovation process in various ways. For example, organizational diversity increases the differences in characteristics among team members, leading to the level of members... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.487 | 0.834 | ["management", "leadership", "communication", "innovation", "war_conflict"] | 429 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.231587 | [
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of completing team tasks ( Kim and Song, 2020 ). This also increases the rate of turnovers and conflict and ultimately negatively effects task progress and internal motivation for innovation ( Williams and O’Reilly, 1998 ; Shemla et al., 2016 ; Homan et al., 2020 ). Therefore, if the level of diversity in a team is hig... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.433 | 0.852 | ["management", "leadership", "communication", "motivation", "innovation"] | 448 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.231659 | [
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the organizational objectives led by the leader. Due to the effect of social categorization, teams with high organizational diversity have low cooperation among members and have a negative effect on the formation of cooperation-oriented norms within the team ( Chatman and Flynn, 2001 ). These again reduce negative effe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.434 | 0.83 | ["management", "leadership", "philosophy"] | 456 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.231737 | [
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disruptive leadership on team process activation. Additionally, by hindering teamwork and making it difficult to share information and knowledge among members ( Ancona and Caldwell, 1992 ; Kim, 2018 ), organizational diversity contributes to further strengthening the hindering effect of a team leader’s destructive lead... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.577 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy", "crisis", "innovation"] | 492 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.231852 | [
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of destructive leadership ( Smith et al., 1994 ). Destructive leaders often engage in destructive behavior due to their lack of capability in leading members, rather than pursuing innovation to achieve organizational goals more effectively ( Einarsen et al., 2007 ). Diversity, when managed, is also a source of creativi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.395 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "innovation", "management"] | 425 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.231947 | [
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rs strengthens the short of diversity management. Therefore, diversity management will not be able to reduce the negative effects of diversity experienced by members. Furthermore, organizational diversity will amplify the negative impact on innovation by interacting with destructive leadership. Based on the above discu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.369 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "networking"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232029 | [
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between destructive leadership and team innovation performance. That is to say, the negative impact of destructive leadership on team innovation performance will be further strengthened if the level of organizational diversity is higher than when it is lower. Integrated model: Three-way interaction Based on the above d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "philosophy", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232106 | [
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erformance and that they interact with destructive leadership and further reduce team innovation performance. In other words, we anticipated that the organizational diversity interacts with destructive leadership and intra-team conflict negatively influences team innovation performance. As mentioned earlier, in relatio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.399 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy", "innovation", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232174 | [
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ship and escalates the negative effect of intra-team conflict on team innovation performance by decreasing team cohesion and delaying decision-making on implementation of innovative problem-solving trial. Specifically, intra-team conflict not only weakens trust among members, but also reduces organizational commitment,... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.483 | 0.83 | ["management", "war_conflict", "leadership", "innovation", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232256 | [
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e leadership and team innovation performance will change depending on the intra-team conflict level. Furthermore, if organizational diversity at the team level is high as well, the team’s cohesion and trust will be weakened, further strengthening the negative relationship between destructive leadership and team innovat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.399 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 474 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232337 | [
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f intra-team conflict and destructive leadership. Similarly, if organizational diversity exists within the team, members go through the social classification process and become biased, thereby weakening team cohesion, collaboration, and eventually innovation ( Williams and O’Reilly, 1998 ; Shemla et al., 2016 ; Kim, 20... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.573 | 0.836 | ["management", "leadership", "war_conflict", "communication", "innovation"] | 467 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232407 | [
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of organizational diversity will be even greater. In other words, if the level of intra-team conflict and organizational diversity are simultaneously high, members will not be able to cooperate and the negative effects of destructive leadership (innovation performance) will increase due to the stress caused by conflict... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.454 | 0.846 | ["war_conflict", "leadership", "management", "innovation", "networking"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232484 | [
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ill have a moderating effect on the relationship between destructive leadership and team innovation performance. That is to say, when both the intra-team conflict level and organizational diversity are high, the relationship between destructive leadership and team innovation performance will become more negative. The h... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.394 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "networking", "philosophy"] | 459 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232549 | [
0.03429364040493965,
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ized research model. *Three-way interaction (H4). Methodology Data collection and sample characteristics To conduct an empirical analysis, we collected data from Korean firms. Data collection for this study was conducted through an online and offline questionnaire. To carry out the online and offline survey procedure, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.55 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "management", "education", "philosophy"] | 442 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232606 | [
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-... | ||
ried to ensure anonymity in the course of survey. In the first step, we contacted the team leader to explain the purpose of the survey. In the second step, when we obtained their permission, we requested to ensure anonymity and consider the diversity of samplings such as gender, tenure, and age. Next, we distributed an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.36 | 0.864 | ["leadership", "management", "salary"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232667 | [
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... | ||
enefits and disadvantages that may arise from participating. An informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. Moreover, we guided them to have the freedom to withdraw from the survey at any time. Based on their acceptance, we collected data from 95 teams (460 team members), of which 87 team... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.566 | 0.87 | ["management", "education", "social_justice", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232730 | [
0.033750999718904495,
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ious studies published in main journals of this filed. The sample size was determined by referring to prior studies which are similar to the subject of this study such as team-level study ( Kipkosgei et al., 2020 ), team innovation ( Liang et al., 2019 ), leadership and team innovation ( Tang et al., 2020 ), innovative... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.408 | 0.856 | ["management", "innovation", "education", "leadership"] | 422 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232792 | [
0.0350867360830307,
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and creativity study ( Zhang and Bartol, 2010 ). Thus, we confirmed that the number of samples used in this study was proper for empirical analysis. The demographic characteristics of the respondents are as follows. Each team comprised a minimum of four and a maximum of nine members. The average size of the team was 4.... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.375 | 0.728 | ["management", "education", "innovation"] | 499 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232839 | [
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= 8.06) and average tenure was 13.66 (SD = 8.59). Measures The questionnaire used in this study was originally prepared in English and translated into Korean. We followed Brislin’s (1980) back translation procedure. A professional translator translated the original version into Korean, which was then back-translated in... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.515 | 0.84 | ["education", "career"] | 449 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232888 | [
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f the study and had not seen the original survey. Destructive leadership Destructive leadership is defined as leadership in which the leader continuously manages the members in an abusive supervision. Leadership was measured by employees’ perceptions of their team leader behavior. In this study, leaders refer to those ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.457 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "management", "education", "strategy", "philosophy"] | 433 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232938 | [
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s department head, team manager, and supervisors. We used the five items that were used by Mitchell and Ambrose (2007) (see Appendix A ). This measurement was based on Tepper’s (2000) abusive supervision measures. Mitchell and Ambrose (2007) further developed by focusing on active interpersonal abuse by the supervisor ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.395 | 0.858 | ["management", "strategy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.232982 | [
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nterest, we used this Mitchell and Ambrose (2007) ’ 5 items version as our indicator of destructive leadership. Sample items include the following: “My team leader ridicules me.” and “My team leader puts me down in front of others.” The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.879. Intra-team conflict Intra-team conflict is defined as r... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.472 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict", "ethics"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233028 | [
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rences in personality outside of work ( Jehn, 1995 ). We used the four items that were developed by Jehn (1995) . Sample items include: “Our team tends to have personality conflicts between members” and “Our team tends to have emotional conflicts between members.” The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.904. Organizational diversit... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.356 | 0.83 | ["management", "war_conflict", "education"] | 424 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233082 | [
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embers’ gender, age, education level, and tenure. The combined measure of diversity was created by calculating prior study ( Schippers et al., 2003 ). Standard deviation was used for the age and tenure of the members ( Bedeian and Mossholder, 2000 ; Harrison et al., 2002 ) and gender was used as the proportion of minor... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.355 | 0.866 | ["education", "management"] | 475 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233166 | [
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0.023527169600129128,
0.003306... | ||
alculation method of Blau’s index ( Blau, 1977 ). Organizational diversity index ranged also from 0 to 1, where a higher score indicated a greater distribution of demographic characteristics within the team, thus indicating higher levels of diversity. For the sample, organizational diversity ranged from 0.01 to 0.64 ( ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.43 | 0.862 | ["management", "philosophy", "innovation"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233232 | [
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0.07513301074504852,
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0.01071995310485363,
0.06053007021546364,
-0.027892325073480606,
0.00441211462020874,
0.008451132103800774,
0.08175110071897507,
-0.0187... | ||
work efficiently to achieve goals and to practice innovative actions ( Pirola-Merlo and Mann, 2004 ). We used the four items developed by Pirola-Merlo and Mann (2004) . Sample items include the following: “My team’s recent output is new” and “My team’s recent output is creative.” We aggregated the responses of members ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.566 | 0.83 | ["management", "innovation"] | 416 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233312 | [
-0.02139623649418354,
0.0003404444723855704,
-0.04595114290714264,
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0.034800250083208084,
0.04589798301458359,
0.05430033802986145,
0.0369991734623909,
0.008107855916023254,
0.0025997210759669542,
0.018028251826763153,
0.033131226897239685,
0.01511355210095644,
-0.021... | ||
group variables. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.887. Control variables The control variables included the team members’ average marital status, wage, job type and position, and team size, which could affect innovation performance ( Katz, 1982 ; Ancona and Caldwell, 1992 ; Brown and Eisenhard, 1995 ). The control variables ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.405 | 0.864 | ["management", "leadership", "innovation", "career", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233390 | [
0.0002880349347833544,
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0.03725842759013176,
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0.07098488509654999,
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0.0448903851211071,
0.04929978400468826,
0.04432688280940056,
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-0.0... | ||
mon method bias (CMB), leading to false internal consistency and potentially misleading results. Thus, to assess the effect of common method variance, we followed the recommendation by Podsakoff et al. (2003) and conducted Harman’s single-factor test by loading all the items of the study constructs into an exploratory ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.361 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "education"] | 443 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233498 | [
0.10645216703414917,
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0.017494430765509605,
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e than 28% of the covariance among the variables. Thus, it was concluded that CMB did not significantly alter the validity of the study results. To analyze the respondents’ individual-level data at the team level, the within-group agreement rWG(J) index ( James et al., 1993 ) was used to aggregate responses. To further... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.418 | 0.85 | ["management", "negotiation", "education"] | 479 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233589 | [
0.021175088360905647,
0.018030814826488495,
0.010179165750741959,
0.0434870719909668,
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0.015141528099775314,
0.0226138550... | ||
correlation coefficients (ICC): ICC (1) and (2). Then, the hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression analysis. A rWG(J) index value larger than 0.70 is considered to represent a satisfactory agreement within a group ( Bliese, 2000 ). ICC (1) was used to measure the inter-respondent reliability, with a range ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.387 | 0.704 | ["ethics", "negotiation"] | 510 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233692 | [
0.03281450271606445,
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that values of 0.70 or larger are acceptable and values between 0.50 and 0.70 are marginally acceptable ( Kipkosgei et al., 2020 ). Table 1 presents the rWG(J), ICC (1) and (2) results. All values were above the acceptable standard cut-off values, indicating that all values were within the acceptable range. TABLE 1. rW... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.589 | 0.716 | ["ethics", "management", "leadership", "innovation", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233796 | [
0.06616909801959991,
0.04931265860795975,
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0.03499211370944977,
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0.03368969261646271,
0.10240741... | ||
erformance 0.92 0.17 0.51 Intra-team Conflict 0.87 0.26 0.63 Open in a new tab Correlation and reliability analyses We conducted a correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between the measured variables and their direction. The means, standard deviations, reliabilities, and correlations among the key variab... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.433 | 0.694 | ["management", "leadership", "war_conflict", "philosophy", "innovation"] | 485 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233860 | [
0.058448970317840576,
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0.04820786789059639,
0.07556739449501038,
0.... | ||
a-team conflict, and team innovation performance. Team-level variables are mean centered to solve the multicollinearity problem ( Aiken et al., 1991 ). The maximum variance inflated index of the key variables is 3.11. Hence, there was no multicollinearity problem ( Hocking and Pendleton, 1983 ). TABLE 2. Means, standar... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.422 | 0.724 | ["management", "innovation", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 500 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233914 | [
0.06208411231637001,
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0.012995383702218533,
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0.05197659507393837,
0.014535266906023026,
0.04239... | ||
2 0.020 – 3. Wage 3.56 0.66 –0.133 0.580 *** – 4. Job type 1.93 0.92 0.060 0.158 –0.128 – 5. Position 4.08 0.81 −0.211 * 0.509 *** 0.792 *** −0.217 * – 6. DL 1.58 0.39 −0.242 * 0.078 0.032 0.035 0.053 (0.879) 7. IC 2.14 0.51 –0.079 0.186 0.281 ** 0.035 0.172 0.472 *** (0.904) 8. OD 0.28 0.13 0.057 −0.591 *** −0.598 ***... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.495 | 0.64 | ["career"] | 463 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.233976 | [
0.018347838893532753,
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0.01511459331959486,
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0.449 *** 0.032 (0.877) Open in a new tab N = 87. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients are reported in diagonal; Destructive Leadership (DL); Intra-team Conflict (IC); Organizational Diversity (OD); Team Innovation Performance (IP). Hypothesis testing We used hierarchical regression ana... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.569 | 0.71 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "networking", "war_conflict"] | 491 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234035 | [
0.011133297346532345,
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0.032040271908044815,
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0... | ||
chical regression analysis are shown in Table 3 . Hypothesis 1 stated that destructive leadership would have a negative effect on team innovation performance. In Model 2, destructive leadership was found to negatively affect team innovation performance (β = −0.529, p < 0.001), supporting Hypothesis 1. As shown in Model... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.402 | 0.706 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "philosophy", "war_conflict"] | 506 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234086 | [
0.04283084720373154,
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0.04419698193669319,
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0.07198021560907364,
0.07599831372499466,
0.10945664346218109,
0.016865093... | ||
260, p < 0.01). Thus, Hypothesis 2 was supported. However, the interaction term of destructive leadership and organizational diversity did not significantly affect team innovation performance (β = −0.097, n.s.). Thus, Hypothesis 3 was not supported. To test Hypothesis 4, we studied the three-way interaction of destruct... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.468 | 0.686 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "philosophy", "war_conflict"] | 493 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234136 | [
0.03744425252079964,
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0.0682177022099495,
0.09010251611471176,
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p of the moderated hierarchical regression model. Here, with β = −0.279 ( p < 0.01), we found a significant negative effect in predicting team innovation performance. TABLE 3. Summary of regression analysis results. Variables Team innovation performance Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 Step 1: Control variables ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.58 | 0.716 | ["management", "innovation", "philosophy", "career"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234185 | [
0.017146224156022072,
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0.002355789765715599,
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0.049073703587055206,
0.042998842895030975,
-0.013... | ||
0.091 0.076 0.137 0.183 Position 0.085 0.081 0.055 0.085 0.077 Step 2: Main effect DL −0.529 *** −0.411 *** −0.335 ** −0.357 ** Step 3: Moderators IC −0.289 * −0.304 ** −0.256 * OD 0.158 0.154 0.237 Step 4: Two-way interaction DL × IC −0.260 ** −0.290 ** DL × OD –0.097 –0.020 IC × OD 0.215 * 0.146 Step 5: Three-way int... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.497 | 0.668 | [] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234238 | [
-0.02946164458990097,
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0.004285191185772419,
-0... | ||
< 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001(two-tailed test); Standardized regression coefficients reported; Destructive Leadership (DL); Intra-team Conflict (IC); Organizational Diversity (OD). As shown in Figure 2 , when destructive leadership and intra-team conflict are high, the negative relationship between destructive lea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.583 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict", "innovation", "networking"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234285 | [
0.03572506457567215,
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0.05739179253578186,
0.07589781284332275,
-0.005... | ||
ganizational diversity are high, the negative relationship between destructive leadership and team innovation performance is stronger than whey they are low. Thus, Hypothesis 4 was supported. FIGURE 2. Open in a new tab Moderating effect of intra-team conflict on the relationship between destructive leadership and team... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.403 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "philosophy", "networking"] | 510 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234522 | [
0.02866433933377266,
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0.07355733960866928,
0.07784340530633926,
-0.0226... | ||
ational diversity on team innovation performance. Discussion This study aimed to examine the interaction effects of intra-team conflict and organization diversity on the relationship between destructive leadership and team innovation performance. The core findings of our empirical analysis can be summarized as follows.... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.403 | 0.808 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "philosophy", "networking"] | 415 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234574 | [
0.024101020768284798,
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0.008352462202310562,
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0.08043046295642853,
0.12200219929218292,
-0.02... | ||
egatively influenced team innovation performance. Second, the negative effect of destructive leadership on team innovation performance was strengthened when intra-team conflict level was high. Third, organizational diversity did not significantly strengthen the relationship between destructive leadership and team innov... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.577 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "philosophy", "networking"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234620 | [
0.007919284515082836,
0.020796803757548332,
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0.010730831883847713,
0.09205010533332825,
0.12323342263698578,
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eam conflict and organizational diversity were high. A previous study on leadership with negative effects, such as destructive leadership, show that the destructive behaviors of leaders negatively affect not only innovation performance, but also well-being, job satisfaction, and corporate performance ( Schyns and Schil... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.408 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "innovation", "education", "management"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234702 | [
0.03320976719260216,
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leadership on team innovation performance is maximized. Our results show that intra-team conflict is a moderating variable that increases the negative relationship between destructive leadership and team innovation performance. However, organizational diversity was shown to not have moderating effects. Analysis using t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.39 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "philosophy", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234761 | [
0.01966901496052742,
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0.06846711039543152,
0.13909487426280975,
0.0... | ||
rongest when both the intra-team conflict level and organizational diversity are high. Theoretical contributions Based on the empirical analysis of this study, the following theoretical implications were derived. First, previous research on destructive leadership have generally focused on verifying its negative effects... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.575 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "management", "networking", "war_conflict", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234830 | [
0.032559584826231,
0.020600272342562675,
0.04677613824605942,
-0.01534803956747055,
0.023401230573654175,
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0.07120010256767273,
0.10517336428165436,
0.01970... | ||
rt et al., 2007 ; De Hoogh and Den Hartog, 2008 ). In this vein, our results also confirm that social exchange theory was worked in explaining the negative relationship between destructive leadership and team innovation performance. Therefore, we have contributed by extending it to leadership study and Korean workers c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.472 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "management", "education", "philosophy", "innovation"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234884 | [
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r team performance ( Kellerman, 2004 ; Kelloway et al., 2005 ). Therefore, this study focused on exploring factors that amplify the negative effect of destructive leadership, taking into consideration the possibility that the effects of destructive leadership on performance may vary depending on complex internal and ex... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.445 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "management", "war_conflict", "education"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.234930 | [
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ers are exposed to conflict situations within the team. The results of this study are consistent with the demands of previous studies to focus on the importance of a psychosocial working environment for employee happiness and health creation ( Useche et al., 2019 ). In such a situation, members will not only be negativ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.448 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "management", "motivation", "education"] | 504 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.235002 | [
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bers which is not handled properly by the leader. Therefore, this study explored situational factors that increase the negative effects of destructive leadership. Second, organizational diversity, the second moderating variable of this study, was predicted to have a negative effect on team innovation performance throug... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.412 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "education", "management", "innovation", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.235049 | [
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he negative effect of destructive leadership based on the positive interaction between members. This result was also explained through previous studies on diversity that confirmed its positive aspects ( Watson et al., 1993 ; Drach-Zahavy and Somech, 2001 ). There are several benefits to diversity among team members, su... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.404 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "innovation", "management", "salary", "philosophy"] | 442 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.235101 | [
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n et al., 1993 ; Drach-Zahavy and Somech, 2001 ). There is an advantage in achieving innovation in the process of collecting information from different individuals and presenting various solutions ( Northcraft et al., 1995 ; Jehn et al., 1999 ; Kickul and Gundry, 2001 ). Furthermore, a highly diverse group pursues inno... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.55 | 0.864 | ["philosophy", "crisis", "innovation"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.235170 | [
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change, which can drive organizational flexibility and strategic change ( Wiersema and Bantel, 1992 ; Boeker, 1997 ; Cummings, 2004 ; Roberson et al., 2017 ). Therefore, this study is meaningful in that it examined the effect of diversity, which has both negative and positive effects in the process of destructive leade... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.415 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "philosophy", "strategy"] | 503 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.235223 | [
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vely impacted team innovation performance. | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9556773/ | What hinders team innovation performance? Three-way interaction ... | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.589 | 0.56 | ["management", "innovation", "philosophy"] | 42 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.235287 | [
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Front Psychol . 2019 Jun 13;10:1324. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01324 Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time Fabrice Delice Fabrice Delice 1 Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States Find articles by Fabrice Delice 1 , Moira Rousseau Moira Rousseau... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.608 | 0.854 | ["management", "education"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.456733 | [
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0.037... |
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