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itosa 2 Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, United States Find articles by Jennifer Feitosa 2, * Author information Article notes Copyright and License information 1 Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States 2 Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, United States Edited by: Mari... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.499 | 0.69 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.457056 | [
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nited States ✉ *Correspondence: Jennifer Feitosa, jennfeitosa@outlook.com This article was submitted to Organizational Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology Received 2018 Dec 3; Accepted 2019 May 21; Collection date 2019. Copyright © 2019 Delice, Rousseau and Feitosa. This is an open-access artic... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.559 | 0.846 | ["innovation"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.457274 | [
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ermitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. PMC Copyright notice PMCID: PMC6593277 PM... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.449 | 0.852 | ["management"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.457412 | [
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to meet and adapt to the varying situational demands of their environment ( Kozlowski and Ilgen, 2006 ). Agencies, industries, and government institutions are currently placing greater attention to the influence on team dynamics and teamwork as they are important to key organizational outcomes. Due to increased emphasi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.461 | 0.85 | ["management", "communication", "governance", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.457555 | [
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eams are being measured over time becomes critical. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to present a review of relevant academic articles detailing the science behind methodological tools and general approaches to study team dynamics over time. We provide an overview of the methodological tools used to understand team d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.434 | 0.854 | ["management", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.457677 | [
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levant emergent team constructs within each stage. As well, for each stage, we discuss the what and how to measure team dynamics. Our analyses bring to light relevant, novel and complex approaches being used by researchers to examine specific constructs within different team developmental phases (e.g., agent-based simu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.598 | 0.836 | ["management"] | 484 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.457813 | [
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lications and future research are also discussed. Keywords: teamwork, temporal elements, methodological tools, team phases, measurement Introduction A variety of global forces have led to the continuous implementation of teams across all different areas of the modern work industry ( Cross et al., 2016 ; O’Neill and Sal... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.585 | 0.852 | ["management", "economy", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.458053 | [
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red pools of knowledge that only effective teams have the ability to bring forth ( Kozlowski et al., 1999 ). Teams, which can be defined as “distinguishable sets of two or more people who interact, dynamically, interdependently, and adaptively toward a common and valued goal/objective” ( Salas et al., 1992 , p. 4), pos... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.589 | 0.864 | ["management", "war_conflict", "education"] | 502 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.458245 | [
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-versa ( Dyer, 1984 ; Kozlowski and Chao, 2018 ). Ernst & Young Global Limited (2013) found that over 90% of organizations believe that teams increase employee participation and performance and as a result, they are adjusting accordingly to benefit the possibility of achieving these desired outcomes. For example, innov... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.572 | 0.852 | ["management", "philosophy", "innovation"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.458469 | [
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ell as implemented teams to maintain productivity and alignment with overall business strategies ( McDowell et al., 2016 ). Brought on by an influx of emphasis on teams within organizational settings, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in efforts to determine what specific characteristics actually lea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.462 | 0.858 | ["management"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.458624 | [
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ms, teams consistently develop over time as members evolve and adapt to the varying situational demands they continuously face ( Kozlowski and Ilgen, 2006 ). In addition, teams are also heavily influenced by a variety of other factors (e.g., individual personalities, working relationships amongst members of the team, r... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.482 | 0.83 | ["management", "networking"] | 421 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.458745 | [
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2013 ). Although researchers such as Arrow et al. (2000) , have characterized teams as complex adaptive systems (CAS) and multiple theoretical frameworks have emerged to capture and explain this idea, relatively few empirical work have actually been able to examine how long it takes for teams to be effective and how th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.518 | 0.85 | ["management"] | 448 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.458878 | [
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lagrasa et al., 2018 ; Devaraj and Jiang, 2019 ). In fact, most empirical studies that have incorporated the idea of emergent states within teams have mainly operationalized the various related constructs through the use of weak methodological tools, such as self-report measurements. These are often incapable of captur... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.44 | 0.836 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 433 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.459014 | [
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teams in a static nature ( Carter et al., 2018 ). Therefore, though useful, self-report measures risk the creation of inaccurate conclusions, as team members may report inaccurate perceptions based on their limited ability to view all aspects of the perceived construct being measured. Accordingly, in the past few decad... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.527 | 0.836 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 453 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.459156 | [
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strate the unpredictable course of team dynamics. However, the fact that teams are constantly and dynamically ever-changing in terms of their processes, tasks, and context makes this a very difficult task ( Miller, 2003 ). For example, Tuckman’s (1965) theory regarding the four developmental stages of small groups (e.g... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.479 | 0.854 | ["management", "crisis", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.459277 | [
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row, face challenges, find solutions, and deliver results, presents limitations to team’s research because it is meant to be hierarchical in nature. In other words, teams are not able to reach the next stages unless the previous stage has been accomplished. Later developments have shown that this may not always be the ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.461 | 0.86 | ["management", "crisis", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.459466 | [
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members are able to combine efforts and knowledge to complete a specific task. However, despite implying team interaction, much research pertaining to process assess them only “as static retrospective perceptions” ( Kozlowski and Chao, 2018 , p. 578). Moreover, the I-P-O model fails to take into account that all mediat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.416 | 0.86 | ["management", "education"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.459664 | [
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f team processes, noting that many constructs presented by researchers trying to invoke the I-P-O actually invoke emergent cognitive or affective states. Most recently, Ramos-Villagrasa et al. (2018) conducted a systematic review of the science of teams, under the logic that teams operate as CAS. As CASs, teams constan... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.606 | 0.848 | ["management", "decision_making"] | 473 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.459805 | [
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ed outcomes of the future ( Arrow et al., 2000 ). In examining teams through this lens, researchers are given the opportunity to view teams in a non-linear, more dynamic way. Such a method has been seen as crucial to teams research because in adapting a non-traditional lens to study teams, researchers are better able t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.447 | 0.856 | ["management", "resume", "education"] | 449 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.459953 | [
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( McGrath et al., 2000 ; Navarro et al., 2015 ). All dynamic constructs are theorized to change over time, thus the use of inadequate methods of measurements often can result in inaccurate representations and unsubstantiated views of actual team dynamics. Given that no measure can ever be the perfect representation of ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.504 | 0.866 | ["communication", "management"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.460077 | [
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pan, researchers must consider a wider array of options to actually achieve the optimal assessment. While theories and frameworks attempt to capture team dynamics in a non-static light, not only do gaps in the literature still remain present in terms of how these dynamics can be accurately measured over time, methods o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.529 | 0.864 | ["management"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.460200 | [
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on to temporal issues that often arise (e.g., Argote and McGrath, 1993 ; Kozlowski and Bell, 2003 ; Ilgen et al., 2005 ; Mohammed et al., 2009 ), as it is often regarded as one of the most neglected critical issue in teams research ( Kozlowski and Bell, 2003 ). Accordingly, time should not just be regarded as the backd... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.454 | 0.868 | ["management"] | 470 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.460350 | [
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cognitions are observed ( Ancona et al., 2001 ). Namely, in order to effectively understand team dynamics, it is critical to examine what team emergent states and processes are most important, highlighting the when, what , and how to measure team dynamics over time. More specifically, the key challenge is to not only r... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.544 | 0.86 | ["management", "crisis", "war_conflict", "education"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.460509 | [
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g researchers to effectively replicate and understand states of team dynamics through organizational and team processes. The purpose of this current paper is to provide an overview of the methodological tools and general approaches used to understand team dynamics depending on the temporal elements. Drawing from Kozlow... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.597 | 0.846 | ["management"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.460657 | [
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ghlight measurement idiosyncrasies of team dynamics as the team develops. First, we conduct a systematic review of scientific articles that utilize methodological tools and general approaches to measuring team dynamics over time. Secondly, articles are coded with the intent to extract themes regarding how team dynamics... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.618 | 0.82 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 428 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.460779 | [
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pilation, team compilation, and team maintenance. We then provide temporal considerations in which we identify the most efficient way to capture these. Lastly, we identify opportunities to further push more rigorous research and science in terms of team dynamics measurement. Methodology In these sections, we briefly su... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.458 | 0.85 | ["management"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.460897 | [
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et al., 1999 ) and describe the inclusion criteria and conceptual coding we used to inform the assumptions and their proposed revisions. Theoretical Approach A-B-C Framework As developing and maintaining effective teams has become a crucial topic, a myriad amount of research has been developed in an attempt to explain ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.429 | 0.86 | ["management", "strategy", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.461021 | [
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teamwork and offer a more overarching, practical, and concise means of understanding it, Salas et al. (2008) developed the A-B-C framework for understanding teamwork. Three important aspects to teamwork that the framework depicts include the attitudes, shared behaviors, and cognitions of the individuals that make up th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.414 | 0.848 | ["management"] | 489 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.461167 | [
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y exist within the context of that specific team. Conceptually, team dynamics are embedded within team performance and are comprised of a set of these interrelated attitudes, shared behaviors, and cognitions, all of which contribute to the dynamic processes of performance. Shared behaviors specifically describe what te... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.458 | 0.842 | ["management", "leadership", "communication", "philosophy", "war_conflict"] | 507 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.461369 | [
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de openness, trust, cohesion, and team viability. Cognitions, which include transactive memory, shared mental models, information and knowledge exchange, are what team members think or know. These behaviors, attitudes and cognitions are in part what makes teamwork an adaptive, dynamic, and episodic process that is inst... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.434 | 0.852 | ["management", "philosophy", "war_conflict", "education"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.461529 | [
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e outcomes, as it defines how tasks and goals are accomplished in a team context. Research has shown that if team members are not able to successfully share knowledge, trust each other, be open, and coordinate behaviors, teams have an increased likelihood if failing, even if they possess an extensive amount of task rel... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.499 | 0.868 | ["management", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.461672 | [
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team members interact with one another across different performance episodes ( Marks et al., 2001 ). The limited amount of research examining the emergent states of these constructs, likely due to logistical constraints put on researchers, complicates and restrains our understanding of their temporal nature ( Salas et ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.451 | 0.856 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 506 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.461803 | [
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the same period of time, contexts or conditions. The A-B-C framework proves extremely useful in that it captures the elements that together shape team dynamics. In identifying these elements, researchers are able to take steps to better develop practices that can promote optimal teamwork, but only when contextual and t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.465 | 0.86 | ["management"] | 495 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.461925 | [
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er time must be examined as well ( Gully, 2000 ). Temporal Frameworks It is widely understood that teams possess a past, present and future ( McGrath et al., 2000 ). To thoroughly understand team dynamics, it is important that researchers expand our understanding of how teams develop over time. Several temporal framewo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.446 | 0.866 | ["management", "communication"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.462092 | [
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idered when examining dynamic constructs, as different forms and varieties of time can have substantial implication for our understanding of teams. Namely, developmental theories (e.g., Tuckman and Jensen, 1977 ; Ford, 2014 ) suggest that all teams change as a function of their development over time. A frequent occurre... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.492 | 0.854 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.462214 | [
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t must be taken into account that different teams may develop at dramatically different paces. Further, episodic models (e.g., McGrath, 1991 ; Marks et al., 2001 ; Jarvenpaa and Majchrzak, 2016 ) suggest that teams can complete different tasks within different time frames, all whilst being directed at the same goal. In... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.374 | 0.864 | ["management"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.462328 | [
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ecific demands of the team’s tasks, implying that in order to measure dynamic constructs more accurately, they must be measured at different times as they relate to the cyclical patterns of team activity ( Luciano et al., 2018 ). Other temporal frameworks (e.g., Barley, 1986 ; Weiss and Cropanzano, 1996 ; Park, 2010 ) ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.531 | 0.834 | ["management"] | 419 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.462476 | [
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al events also influence internal team processes. This implicates that research should also focus on assessing constructs before, during, and after the occurrence of such environmental events as a way to fully understand the dynamic nature of teams ( Luciano et al., 2018 ). Methodological Approach Literature Search and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.461 | 0.84 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 488 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.462611 | [
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l approaches in measuring team dynamics overtime. Articles were accumulated through the use of research database sources. Searches were utilized through the electronic search engines EBSCOhost with PsycINFO and Business Source Complete being the main electronic databases. In order to generate a targeted collection of f... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.451 | 0.822 | ["management"] | 416 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.462735 | [
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find emergent processes within team development. First, we explored team emergent processes in regards to team attitudes, behavior, and cognition by examining a literature review on the role of intra-team state profiles by Shuffler et al. (2018) . Second, two of the authors garnered a list of specific constructs that d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.609 | 0.858 | ["management"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.462857 | [
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ent, and operation of work teams within the different phases of team’s life cycle. As well, Taras et al. (2010) meta-analysis was also used as a reference for team emergent processes (e.g., group cohesiveness, trust, and conflict). Two of the authors held a meeting to discuss the most prominent team constructs by using... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.598 | 0.866 | ["management", "war_conflict"] | 502 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.462972 | [
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model were developed as illustrated by Figure 1 . FIGURE 1. Open in a new tab Model illustrating constructs present during team developmental stages. Our next step involved conducting a computerized search for each construct within the research database EBSCOhost. Using PsycINFO and Business Source Complete, we reviewe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.587 | 0.848 | ["management"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463097 | [
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vioral, and cognitive team constructs (see Table 1 for a list of the final constructs). For instance, within EBSCOhost, researchers applied transactive memory system (TMS) within the first field option and teams within the second field option. As mentioned, only relevant articles were used with each search item display... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.432 | 0.858 | ["management"] | 509 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463236 | [
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studies as well as keep the searches consistent. In all, 600 articles were examined. Table 1. Summary of literature search findings. Constructs Relevant articles pulled Novel measurements Attitudes Openness 25 • Mind game lab experiment: tested the interactions between cultural intelligence and openness on the percepti... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.553 | 0.852 | ["philosophy", "management", "decision_making"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463319 | [
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e teams is affected by member openness to experience and the extent to which team reward structure emphasizes intragroup differences ( Homan et al., 2008 ). • Strategic Decision-Making Simulation: participants practiced decision-making and leadership skills in team contexts ( Quigley, 2013 ). Trust 28 • Longitudinal ex... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.57 | 0.846 | ["management", "leadership", "communication", "decision_making", "economy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463395 | [
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laboration principles on trust development in global virtual collaboration ( Cheng et al., 2016 ). • Collaborative experiential learning approach: tested the effects of collaborative learning on the development of cultural intelligence, trust, and global and local identity in virtual multicultural teams ( Erez et al., ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.552 | 0.85 | ["economy", "education", "communication", "management", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463448 | [
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fering effect of trust in teammates ( Burtscher et al., 2018 ). Cohesion 28 • Team laboratory experiment: used team task involving analyzing a business case to examine the role of team political skill in predicting team effectiveness ( Lvina et al., 2018 ). • Comparative Performance Assessment: used to test the anteced... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.58 | 0.708 | ["management", "philosophy", "economy"] | 491 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463495 | [
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nd between firm cohesion ( Shaner et al., 2016 ). • Experiential team learning: team members engaged in various team-based tasks and activities with their fellow teammates to understand how and in what conditions team charter quality affects team performance ( Courtright et al., 2017 ). • Longitudinal laboratory experi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.606 | 0.854 | ["management", "economy", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463563 | [
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es and the mediating role of perceived social loafing in this relationship ( Peñarroja et al., 2017 ). • Three-wave longitudinal organizational simulation: Participants were charged with three creativity tasks to examine the role of collective engagement in the relationship between team cohesion and team creative perfo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.573 | 0.84 | ["management", "networking", "innovation", "decision_making", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463630 | [
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elationships between coordination, action processes and trust and team performance ( Hagemann and Kluge, 2017 ). • Time series analysis: Used temporal properties to examine the way changes in task-cohesion and shared understanding were experienced over time in sports teams ( Bourbousson and Fortes-Bourbousson, 2017 ). ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.604 | 0.85 | ["management", "leadership", "networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463694 | [
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through team based game that required team to run a fictional city ( Curral et al., 2017 ). • Computer game based simulation: Participants performed simulated search and capture tasks to understand the relationship between team cognitive ability and personality composition ( Resick et al., 2010 ). • Videotape and softw... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.581 | 0.85 | ["management", "negotiation", "networking", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 495 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463740 | [
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behaviors ( Lehmann-Willenbrock and Chiu, 2018 ). Behaviors Collaboration 16 • Concept mapping: Examined the impact of learners’ conflict resolution on deeper learning as measured by knowledge convergence in teams ( Chen et al., 2018 ). • Cross-border e-business website analysis: incorporated collaboration engineering ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.566 | 0.826 | ["communication", "management", "economy", "rhetoric", "education"] | 437 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463796 | [
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lobally distributed teams ( Cheng et al., 2016 ). • Role-play simulation: Helped understanding of an unfamiliar and challenging situation that require cooperation and collaboration amongst teams to improve outcomes ( Hayes et al., 2018 ). • Synthetic task environment: Allowed the examination of the effect of group-leve... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.595 | 0.848 | ["communication", "management", "economy", "philosophy", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463844 | [
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nt: used objective speed and product quality completion tasks to examine the direct associations between temporal distance and team performance as well as the mediating role of team interaction ( Espinosa et al., 2015 ). • Enterprise Social Media (ESM) task: Online discussion threads were collected with unbounded and b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.566 | 0.836 | ["management", "communication", "philosophy"] | 445 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463900 | [
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rnal resources ( Van Osch and Steinfield, 2018 ). Conflict 24 • Scenario based study: Helped studied how nationality composition (size of national diversity or number of nationalities) and context (nature of national diversity or types of nationalities) affects perceived conflict and expected performance ( Ayub and Jeh... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.523 | 0.856 | ["war_conflict", "education", "philosophy", "management"] | 498 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.463955 | [
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perienced by team members ( Boroş et al., 2017 ). • Critical Incident Technique: Helped examine cultural challenges and benefits, sources of learning, and value-based differences in critical events ( Brunton and Cook, 2018 ). • Concept mapping: Used as a tool to examine the impact of learners’ conflict resolution on th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.59 | 0.868 | ["management", "education", "crisis", "salary", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464005 | [
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ance in relations to how teams handle friendship and conflicts ( Hood et al., 2017 ). • Team paintball game: Help asses coalitional aggression through a simulated coalitional combat paradigm ( Pollack et al., 2018 ). • Video-coding and team decision task (intra-team negotiation): Used as a tool to measure team members ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.59 | 0.836 | ["management", "decision_making", "negotiation", "war_conflict"] | 420 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464066 | [
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-team negotiations ( Van Bunderen et al., 2018 ). Leadership 30 • Video recorder-eye scanning: Help observers examine the eye gazing patterns of project teams in a meeting ( Gerpott et al., 2018 ). • Leadership Development Simulation (LDS): Help examine team members risk preferences, team performance, aspirational beha... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.599 | 0.858 | ["management", "leadership", "communication", "negotiation", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464115 | [
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l allowed the study of virtual teams communication, coordination, and the development of TMS ( Bastida et al., 2017 ). • Video game: Examine role of relational communication within the development of TMS ( Kahn and Williams, 2016 ). • StarJet Airways Management Simulator: “Study role-specific versus cross-role preparat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.588 | 0.682 | ["management", "communication", "education", "decision_making", "philosophy"] | 427 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464187 | [
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sion-making task” ( Linton et al., 2018 . p. 45). • Audio-video recording and Hidden profile task: Study team discussions to assess the team process through transactive retrieval and information processing ( Mell et al., 2014 ). Shared Mental Model 27 • Traditional ICT (synchronous text-chat): Examine team interaction ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.595 | 0.704 | ["management", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464239 | [
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ace interactions versus virtual chats ( Konradt et al., 2015 ). • hboxQ-methodology (sort photographs): Examine participants’ cognitive structures, attitudes, and perceptions ( Lingard et al., 2015 ). • Dynamic team task and simulated partial system failure: Helped examine team adaptation and performance through studyi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.612 | 0.824 | ["management", "education", "communication", "philosophy"] | 430 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464304 | [
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ith an unforeseen change ( Sander et al., 2015 ). • Business simulation the Global Management Challenge: Allowed for the examination of team performance in a fictitious business through company’s’ financial indicators, shared price and ranking relative to the other teams ( Santos et al., 2015 ). • Computer-based Networ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.588 | 0.856 | ["management", "crisis", "networking", "philosophy"] | 506 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464357 | [
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tinguishing fires ( Uitdewilligen et al., 2018 ). • Computer-based Networked Fire Chief (NFC) simulation task: Used to study teams in a collaborative scenario in an emergent and dynamic environment consisting of extinguishing fires ( Zhou, 2018 ). Information Sharing 20 • Naturalistic decision-making (NDM)- Simulation-... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.395 | 0.846 | ["decision_making", "management", "networking", "economy", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464407 | [
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etween equally perceived aversive outcomes” ( Alison et al., 2015 , p. 295). • Employee profile configurator: Identify characteristics of team member and place in specific clusters to examine factors affecting trust, information sharing and communication, in virtual teams ( Bhat et al., 2017 ). • Mechanism design-appro... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.561 | 0.848 | ["management", "communication", "salary", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464457 | [
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ontingent compensation.” ( Blanes i Vidal and Möller, 2016 , p. 171) • NeoCITIES- Crisis simulation: Examine how cultural composition of teams have an impact on information sharing behaviors ( Endsley, 2018 ) • Synthetic task environment: Allowed the examination of the effect of group-level information-pooling bias on ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.569 | 0.848 | ["philosophy", "management", "crisis", "decision_making", "salary"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464503 | [
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ssing and decision-making behaviors in multidisciplinary crisis management teams’ members participating in a crisis management training ( Uitdewilligen and Waller, 2018 ) Knowledge Exchange 27 • WhatsApp- Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Used to study knowledge exchange and knowledge development between ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.579 | 0.692 | ["management", "education", "crisis", "communication", "decision_making"] | 485 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464551 | [
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limit our examinations to any publication dates. The selection process involved scanning the abstract and text for empirical studies as our main concern was to examine the methodological tools that team researchers are using to measure team dynamic processes. Articles were pulled if they presented sufficient informatio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.619 | 0.834 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 441 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464600 | [
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ss was measured within collective team behaviors. Theoretical studies were not included as our main focus was toward empirical team studies. With a consistent and thorough inspection, 303 articles remained for analysis. Of these 303 articles, 51 were found to use novel methodology in their examination of team dynamics ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.623 | 0.86 | ["management", "war_conflict", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464661 | [
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the process of coding each study into an Excel sheet. Over 20 articles were coded together and discussed. The other remaining articles were then independently coded. For each search item (e.g., cohesion and teams), the excel sheet contained the articles abstracts, methodology/general approaches, the study type (e.g., l... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.557 | 0.69 | ["management", "education", "economy"] | 488 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464726 | [
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easured used, and how the team data was analyzed. Coders also examined the mediators, moderators and construct measured outputs of each article. A final verdict for each article measurement in regards to whether being a novel tool or what can be considered as new or improved techniques that allow for innovation in asse... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.433 | 0.858 | ["management", "innovation"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464789 | [
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if they were done through self-reported questionnaires, focus groups, case studies, or interviews. Although more articles fell within the realm of attitudinal and cognitive emergent states, novel measures are being mostly applied to either these cognitive emergent states or behavioral team processes. Role of Team Dynam... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.452 | 0.854 | ["management", "interview", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464841 | [
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s and the new approaches that are being developed by researchers to better understand team dynamics within the different phases of team development as proposed by Kozlowski et al. (1999) team development process model. In Figure 1 , we illustrate the placement of the 12 constructs in the most appropriate phase for meas... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.603 | 0.832 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 429 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.464914 | [
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mpilation, team compilation, or team maintenance. Team Formation Team formation, often characterized by high ambiguity and self-awareness, is known to have a great impact on performance and therefore is a critical period for modern organizations ( Sorkhi and Hashemi, 2015 ). Moreover, during team formation, through obs... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.428 | 0.834 | ["management", "philosophy", "communication", "war_conflict", "rhetoric"] | 450 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.465032 | [
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ey start to learn and develop within their roles. This first stage within team development can often be characterized by concerns of safety and inclusion as well as high dependency on designated leaders to provide direction during this ambiguous time ( Wheelan, 2003 ) Similarly, members also learn the goals of their te... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.579 | 0.848 | ["management", "leadership"] | 433 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.465133 | [
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Kozlowski et al., 1999 ; Feitosa et al., 2017 ). In many instances, team formation can be a difficult stage because individual differences may contribute to resistance when it comes to working together with dissimilar others to achieve these common goals. Often, individuals are attracted to similar others and therefore... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.54 | 0.858 | ["management", "crisis", "philosophy"] | 504 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.465237 | [
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1985 ; Turner, 1987 ; Ashforth and Mael, 1989 ). Such behaviors have the ability to impact trust, communication, information sharing, and conflict throughout the entirety of the team’s life span ( Jehn and Bezrukova, 2010 ). Key Constructs to Measure Considering how crucial a role perception plays within team formation... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.592 | 0.862 | ["management", "philosophy", "communication", "ethics", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.465340 | [
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s to different ideas, actions, and values in defining openness. Individuals who exhibit high openness, especially to experience, tend to be less dogmatic and rigid in their beliefs and ideas. Instead, they are more willing to consider different opinions, are more open to new situations, and are less likely to deny conf... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.318 | 0.856 | ["ethics", "war_conflict"] | 478 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467052 | [
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ndividuals to get to know each other’s strengths. These aspects of openness are very much closely related to the essence of working with new team members who more often than not, are likely to have different perspectives, attitudes, and thoughts ( Cox et al., 1991 ; Van Knippenberg et al., 2004 ). Openness, though ofte... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.538 | 0.874 | ["communication", "management"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467135 | [
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ommunicate differing opinions when in the context of a team throughout the developmental stages of a team. Relatedly, trust is often initially established through self-categorization as individuals, affected by their openness, will try to identify with other team members as a means to reduces ambiguity ( Turner, 1987 )... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.409 | 0.86 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467198 | [
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m a certain action important to the trusting party ( Mayer et al., 1995 ). When trust is present, team members are open to taking risk, enhancing collaboration and co-operation effectiveness ( Costa, 2003 ). Team trust has progressively been recognized as pivotal to team processes. Although little is known about how tr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.452 | 0.87 | ["management", "communication", "economy", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467250 | [
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hroughout all of the different stages of the team’s life cycle ( Harrison et al., 1998 , 2002 ). It is with time and continuous interactions, verbal and non-verbal communication, and different behavioral patterns, different personal traits will reveal themselves and become the true basis for trust among individuals ( H... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.447 | 0.866 | ["management", "communication", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467297 | [
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thodological tools during the team formation used was through the forms of self-reported survey questionnaires. For example, a study by Lu et al. (2018) on openness, using a two-wave multi-source online survey with responses from 30 teams from different multicultural organizations in China, found that reduced openness ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.47 | 0.85 | ["management", "philosophy", "communication", "economy", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467350 | [
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mpairing impact on team member information elaboration and creativity, later on. Bond-Barnard et al. (2018) conducted a self-reported survey of 151 project practitioners to assess the link between trust and collaboration. Results from the study indicated that high level of trust leads to stronger collaboration between ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.574 | 0.832 | ["communication", "economy", "rhetoric", "management", "innovation"] | 448 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467405 | [
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was more likely to predict project team success. However, being that self-report measures only provide a glimpse at static individual perception and may not even accurately reflect the behaviors of team members, the use of novel methods could prove useful in understanding the dynamic nature of teams. With a more novel ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.416 | 0.856 | ["management", "economy", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467472 | [
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und principles of collaborative experiential learning, where trust was found to strongly moderate the project’s effect on team member cultural intelligence and global identity. Participants were put through phases to get to know each other, and prepare for the virtual team project they would be participating in. In pha... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.572 | 0.854 | ["management", "philosophy", "economy", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467520 | [
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elves, sharing personal information, and photos of themselves. At the end of this process, participants were then given individual feedback regarding pre-project cultural values as they related to the purpose of the study. Phase two was meant to prepare participants for the team project they would be participating in l... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.559 | 0.846 | ["management", "ethics", "education", "philosophy"] | 469 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467571 | [
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k on their contributions to the team’s processes. This virtual team simulation proves useful in understanding the various aspects of team formation in that it touches on the outcomes of working within diverse teams at formation, team building, and task interdependence, all of which are not only of great importance to t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.575 | 0.868 | ["management", "philosophy", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467633 | [
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mplemented a new program for acquiring global skills regarding trust, especially for virtual multicultural teams, where such individual differences could hinder trust. In these instances, simulations can be particularly informative during the team formation stage when it comes to dealing with teams in the real-world. H... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.581 | 0.84 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 489 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467711 | [
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t are applied during the phase of team formation. Furthermore, it is also important to take consideration of how researchers analyze items within their applied measurements. Besides the typical analysis of descriptive statistics (e.g., means and standard deviation) and correlations, the most common types of analyzing t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.433 | 0.844 | ["management", "philosophy", "communication"] | 509 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467776 | [
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sis, mediation, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Researchers use regression analysis to calculate the effects of casual variables and ANOVA to determine the amount of variation in the dependent variable score within the experimental conditions ( Rutherford, 2001 ). Moreover, mediation holds great importance as an anal... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.426 | 0.844 | ["management"] | 476 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467843 | [
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between team inputs and outputs ( Hayes, 2012 ). This is extremely beneficial when understanding how teams are becoming familiar with each other during this particular phase of team formation. Task Compilation Once a team has formed, individuals will begin to shift their attention toward their own individual tasks and ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.598 | 0.838 | ["management", "philosophy", "war_conflict"] | 429 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467921 | [
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ills required of them ( Kozlowski et al., 1999 ). Though members will already have specialized knowledge and training in different areas, it is within this stage that team members will learn how to practice and apply their knowledge and skills within the context of the team. Moreover, in task compilation, members will ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.448 | 0.87 | ["management", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.467995 | [
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o understand the ways in which teams will share, exchange, and organize knowledge and how these processes occur over time ( Gibson, 2001 ). Often characterized as a period of counter-dependency and conflict, two inevitable aspects of this stage, members can find themselves disagreeing about team goals and proper proced... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.453 | 0.842 | ["management", "education", "war_conflict"] | 458 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.468060 | [
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0.028484005481004715,
0.047260068356990814,
0.0... | ||
understanding of how to execute the teams goals. Though conflict may arise, it is necessary for the development of trust and a more open climate, as members will be open to each other’s ideas, even if it means they might disagree with one another ( Wheelan, 2003 ). Teams who are able to develop effective systems for in... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.418 | 0.848 | ["management", "philosophy", "war_conflict", "education"] | 437 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.468129 | [
0.018128789961338043,
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0.0507318340241909,
0.08640076965093613,
0.06... | ||
ce greater performance outcomes ( Wegner, 1987 ). Key Constructs to Measure One of the most studied constructs within this phase is information and knowledge sharing. Knowledge distribution across teams occurs within a variety of complex paths. Therefore, the team process of knowledge sharing is an aspect that tends to... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.45 | 0.856 | ["management", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.468193 | [
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0.07566498219966888,
0.098832... | ||
formation, and suggestions with each other” ( Srivastava et al., 2006 , p. 1239). Existing knowledge within teams serves as a cognitive resource to be utilized for knowledge sharing ( Argote, 1999 ). For knowledge sharing to occur, information that is applicable to the team’s goal must be communicated with hopes of a s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.391 | 0.864 | ["management", "communication", "education", "philosophy", "economy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.468255 | [
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0.02010875567793846,
0.0935... | ||
team members plays a crucial role in team functioning ( Keyton et al., 2010 ; Beck and Keyton, 2011 ). Knowledge sharing also emphasizes the exchange and combination of relevant knowledge to then be applied to specific work task ( Pennington, 2008 ). Knowledge sharing can contribute to the creation of shared mental mod... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.609 | 0.86 | ["management", "education", "crisis"] | 487 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.468325 | [
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annon-Bowers et al., 1993 ). Cannon-Bowers et al. (1993) assert that to adapt effectively, especially within the task compilation phase, team members must be able to predict what other team members are going to do and what steps are necessary to complete those tasks. Moreover, not only is it crucial for team members to... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.469 | 0.872 | ["management", "philosophy", "communication"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.468386 | [
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tion they provide to one another is truthful, honest and accurate. When trust is not present within the task compilation phase, teams can face a plethora of damaging effects such as lack of cooperation and resentment ( McQuerrey, 2017 ). Understanding the emergence of constructs such as openness, communication, and tru... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.46 | 0.836 | ["management", "communication", "philosophy"] | 428 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.468461 | [
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great importance to understanding team dynamics. How Constructs Are Measured The most common way knowledge and information sharing are measured are through the use of surveys and interviews (14 out of the 20 pulled). For example, in an article by Li et al. (2018) , required participants to complete a survey where infor... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593277/ | Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.456 | 0.858 | ["philosophy", "management", "interview", "education"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:31.468540 | [
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-0.030899090692400932,
0.015736060217022896,
0.02164042554795742,
0.05874838... |
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