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Precisely what is self improvement? A purpose of personal development claims it is “the development of personal damaging credit the surroundings.” The “atmosphere” is generally accepted as ones own self applied-progress negative credit their own personalloved ones and workplace, interpersonal atmosphere, etcetera.
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Self improvement commonly contains activities that build with a persons’ skills and abilities, create human funds, accomplish job, improve quality lifestyle and the realization of non-public high hopes and dreams, and increase employability. Self improvement can occur more than a persons’ entire life. Some of non-public progress aims are: achieving economical self-reliance and security, developing a sturdy groundwork for mental and physical overall health, accessing and knowledge from the resources and tools required in understanding and advancement, finding out how to cope with yourself as well as others confidently, as an helpful, confident, independent staff member, obtaining enjoyment and accomplishment in an individual’s occupation and existence, learning how to control on your own and/forms of languages positively, learning and utilizing potentially profitable new skills, gaining a feeling of regulate, establishing sense of love and empathy, finding a non secular intent and this means, enhancing one’s self-respect, working with and acquiring effective tools, mastering useful conversation, understanding the concepts of personal time management, increasing career competencies and performance, improving upon interactions, caring and receiving all by yourself andVersusor other people, developing in your mind and producing, psychologically and obtaining your body-employing, self-assurance and finding creativeness and imagination, and residing a fascinating and happy everyday living.
Some other critical factors in personal development are creating ideal ambitions, finding service, keeping motivation, producing a setting that encourages particular growth, connecting correctly, handling a highly trained private coach, using a program and sticking with it, employing answers, following up on the plan, applying tools and techniques, and constantly screening and increasing on your own. Location personalized targets is a really important initial step along the way. These goals provide you with the platform for anyone that uses. These aims will include but not be confined to achieving a feeling of particular increase, obtaining feelings of reason, currently being financially safeguarded, finding healthful, creating optimistic connection competencies, getting sense of humor, getting a sound body, obtaining fit, producing spiritually, which has a loyal community, lastly, currently being economically unbiased. Once you collection these targets, understand that they’ll serve as a guide plus an motivation available for you. Without these, no other thing adheres to.
In combination with environment private ambitions, you must also work when it comes to reaching them. This is why personal development steps in. Self improvement knowledge to your workplace by tough your practices, being familiar with your thoughts and employing, acquiring and philosophy your personal strength, altering behaviors, making a program, keeping motivation, acquiring routines and capabilities, building a plan b, and above all, being sure you stay true to yourself. Even though it may seem overwhelming or extremely hard at times, remaining in keeping with by yourself is just about the fundamentals for private development. It is a possibility to create and apply your personal electric power in various techniques.
The best part about personal development can it be means that you can get what you would like in everyday life if you find yourself willing to set up the hassle, that way. Regardless of when you are focused on individual growth or looking for an possibility to make more money. Personal growth isn’t an objective in the beginning stages. Alternatively, it’s something decide to do any time you really feel firmly about it. Consequently, you might never leave the workplace towards your individual improvement. When you choose being happy, then delight will track.
One of the better strategies that one could build up your personal growth competencies is to placed ambitions. Your primary goal will incorporate the goal of why you need to be a superior particular person, as well as the methods that you’re going to use to attain that goal. It is crucial which you keep in mind that there’s no single 6 ways to make a proficiency. Rather, it is important to look for the strategy or procedure that works the best for you.
For many people, self improvement knowledge focus on reaching self-self-confidence. In case you have personal-self esteem then you certainly are able to get over several challenges. You will find the chance to think clearly on the ft and to get to answers to issues promptly. Self-self-confidence also makes it easier to create connections. Moreover, personal-self-confidence helps you be ardent and operated in direction of your targets because you already know that you are capable of doing whatever it takes. Should you have decided to use personal growth techniques it is vital that you work at attaining your objectives, this in the long run makes it possible to obtain your objectives much quicker.
Consequently. To start with, it is essential you write lower your goals in addition to your whole ideal outcomes. Then, you have to prepare your ideas so that you are distracted by the unlimited opportunities. As a final point, after you sit back to write down your targets as well as your ideal results it’s essential to maintain a beneficial mind mind-set.
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How do you know if a program runs correctly or not? You check the results, or the output of the program. Sometimes the output is data, sometimes the output is a pattern like a Christmas tree. When printing out data values, you might want to generate the output in a certain format. For instance, dollar values should always have 2 decimal places, $2 should be $2.00.
B. System.out.println(), System.out.print() and System.out.printf()
We know System.out.println() prints strings, values of expressions, or both.
System.out.print() is similar, but always prints on the same line
System.out.printf() allows you to "format" the output such as the number of decimal places. For instance, System.out.printf("%.2f", Math.PI) prints Pi value with two decimal places.
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178 LIFE OF rocks lying deep in the mines., the glowing mass which Tolcanos eject from the depth of the earth. Hnroboldt does not venture to fix the boundary of the hardened surface and the fluid centre; but he considers that even in these more fluid parts, the movements of ebb and tide dependent on the sun and moon prevail. Now, as experience shows us that heat, in a perpendicular line downwards of 92 Parisian feet, increases by one degree of the decennial Celsius thermometer, granite must exist in a fluid state at a depth of 5*2 geographical miles, four or five times as much as the height of the highest point of the Himalaya mountains. Humboldt distinguishes three modes of the deve- lopment of the inner heat of the earth. The first is, that the strata of earth are periodically wanned and cooled by the sun and the seasons of the year, and thus arises a stream of heat from the exterior inwards, and then again from the interior outwards,* Secondly, in the regions of the equator, a portion of heat penetrates the earth, and flows in it towards the cooler poles,, where it is again united with the air. Finally, our earth has been, since incalculable ages, in a state of gradual refrigeration ; the inner central heat, which originally made the earth glowing hot, loses more and more by the gradual discharge towards the surface and into the atmosphere, although millen- niums do not suffice to measure the degrees. We therefore live, as Humboldt expresses himself, between the glowing heat of the lower strata and the cold atmosphere, of which the temperature is probably "below the freezing-point of quicksilver. (40 degrees of cold of Celsius = 32 degrees of Reaumur.) There are celebrated naturalists who have denied the uninterrupted increase of heat from the surface to * Tliis heat does not penetrate far. In the temperate zones the strata of permanent temperature begins at a depth of fifty-five to sizty feet ; and at half the depth winter and summer warmth have scarcely half a degree influence 011 the Thermometer. In the tropics, the imchangeaHe temperature Ees one 'foot below tfee surface.
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Enuresis is the child's inability to control micturition during day (clothes-wetting) or night (bed-wetting) at least 2 times a week during the last 3 months despite the fact that the child is older than 5 years old (both chronological and mental age). Enuresis is one of the most common disorders of childhood and concerns both children and their families. It usually makes the child experience feelings of shame and awkardness.There are two types of enuresis: Primary and Secondary Enuresis. Primary Enuresis occurs in children who have never managed to control micturition. Secondary Enuresis occurs in children who, although had once achieved urinary control for at least 1 year, later on suddenly started wetting themselves again. 80% of the overal cases are cases of primary enuresis.
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WASHINGTON, DC (AP).- The Hubble Space Telescope
has captured the earliest image yet of the universe just 600 million years after the Big Bang, when the universe was just a toddler.
Scientists released the photo Tuesday at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society. It's the most complete picture of the early universe so far, showing galaxies with stars that are already hundreds of millions of years old, along with the unmistakable primordial signs of the first cluster of stars.
These young galaxies haven't yet formed their familiar spiral or elliptical shapes and are much smaller and quite blue in color. That's mostly because at this stage, they don't contain many heavy metals, said Garth Illingworth, a University of California, Santa Cruz, astronomy professor who was among those releasing the photo.
"We're seeing very small galaxies that are seeds of the great galaxies today," Illingworth said in a news conference.
Until NASA's Hubble telescope was repaired and upgraded last year, the farthest back in time that astronomers could see was about 900 million years after the Big Bang, Illingworth said. Hubble has been key in helping determine the age of the universe at about 13.7 billion years, ending a long scientific debate about a decade ago.
As far back as Hubble can see, it still doesn't see the first galaxies. For that, NASA will have to rely on a new observatory, the $4.5 billion James Webb telescope, which is set to launch in about four years.
"We are on the way to the beginning," said astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson of the American Museum of Natural History. "Every step closer to the beginning tells you something you did not know before."
The new Hubble picture captures those distant simpler galaxies juxtaposed amid closer, newer and more evolved ones. The result is a cosmic family photo that portrays galaxies at different ages and stages of development over the course of more than 13 billion years.
Tyson, who was not involved in the Hubble image research, said most people only like their own baby pictures, but Hubble's photo is different: "These are the baby pictures for us all, hence the widespread interest."
Copyright 2010 The Associated Press.
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Politiques et données sur la santé
Obesity and the Economics of Prevention: Fit not Fat - Japan Key Facts
Other Countries | Further Reading
Read this country note in Japanese
1. Prevention can improve health and longevity. Every year, between 12 000 and 85 000 deaths from chronic diseases can be avoided through different prevention programmes, while between 15 000 and 120 000 years of life in good health would be gained.
Health Outcomes at the Population Level (Average Effect per Year)
Underlying data and charts for all the graphics below are also available in Excel
2. How much does prevention cost? How much does it save? Most prevention programmes would cost less than JPY 20 bn every year, with worksite programmes costing around JPY 50 bn and individual counselling by family doctors costing up to JPY 100 bn. Most prevention programmes will cut health expenditures for chronic diseases, but only by a relatively small margin (up to JPY 15 bn. per year).
Economic Assessment of the Interventions at the Population Level (Average Effect per Year)
3. Is prevention cost-effective? Prevention can improve health at a lower cost than many treatments offered today by OECD health systems. In Japan, all of the prevention programmes examined will be cost-effective in the long run – relative to the internationally accepted standard of around JPY 4 m per year of life gained in good health. However, some programmes will take a longer time to produce their health effects and therefore will be less cost-effective in the short run.
Cost per life year gained in good health of interventions to tackle obesity
The Economics of Prevention
Key Health Publications
Key Analytical Health Projects
Return to the main page www.oecd.org/health/fitnotfat
Also AvailableEgalement disponible(s)
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AKSUM, Ethiopia - It took dozens of elephants, winches and hundreds, if not thousands, of men to build the giant granite obelisks that dominate this village like skyscrapers.
Two thousand years later, archaeologists marvel at the engineering skill of the ancient Ethiopians who carved and transported some of the largest pieces of stone ever quarried with no help from modern machinery.
What might go down in history as an even greater feat is getting an old colonial power to return one of these prized structures.
In 1937, during the Italian occupation of Ethiopia, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini was so enamored of the obelisks that he ordered his troops to steal one and ship it to Rome with other loot.
Today, the obelisk from Aksum - the second-largest ever erected - is on display in Rome near the Colosseum in the Piazza di Porta Capena.
Ever since it was taken, Ethiopians have been campaigning to get it back. Sixty-four years later, they are still waiting.
To Ethiopians, it is a slight that aims at the soul of their history. The intricately carved obelisk carted away by the Italians - a tower more than 60 feet high and weighing more than 100 tons - is one of about a half-dozen of the most complex examples of these stones. The obelisks marked the tombs of ancient ruling families in the kingdom of Aksum, the birthplace of Ethiopian culture and heritage.
To put it in American terms, Italy's taking of the obelisk is akin to Canada's pilfering the Washington Monument and putting it on display in Ottawa.
"The obelisk symbolizes the origin of Ethiopian culture," said Richard Pankhurst, director of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies at the University of Addis Ababa. "There is a feeling of outrage here."
For Africa, the fight for the return of Ethiopia's obelisk has come to symbolize the continent's struggle to reclaim its lost treasures. During the 19th century, European colonial powers looted gold, diamonds and many of Africa's best artifacts. Much of the continent's heritage is in European museums.
Italian officials do not deny that Ethiopia is the rightful owner of the Rome obelisk, as it is often called. Italy has said more than once that it is committed to returning the treasure. The latest promise was made last month, when an Italian Foreign Ministry official announced after meeting with Ethiopia's prime minister that planning had begun for the obelisk's return.
In December, Italian officials said the obelisk would be back in Ethiopia in a matter of weeks. The undersecretary for culture then proclaimed that it would stay in Italy.
Moving such a large object will not be easy. Because of Rome's air pollution, the obelisk is structurally weakened. And at more than 100 tons, the obelisk would have to be cut into three pieces before being transported by cargo plane to Ethiopia.
"Steps have already been taken for the safe return of the obelisk to Ethiopia," said Alfredo Mantica, the Foreign Ministry undersecretary.
"I cannot say this year ... probably next year," Arnaldo Minuti, a spokesman for the Italian Embassy in Addis Ababa, said of the return.
None of these delays appears to surprise Ethiopians, who have been given similar promises during the past six decades.
Italy signed a peace treaty in 1947 that demanded all loot stolen from Ethiopia be returned within 18 months. In 1997, an Italian-Ethiopian agreement dealing with the obelisk promised that it would be back in Aksum that year.
In 1998, the Ethiopian Ministry of Posts went so far as to issue postage stamps commemorating arrival of the obelisk. But 1998 came and went, and the obelisk did not budge from Rome.
Then Ethiopia entered a bitter two-year border war with Eritrea, a conflict that delayed plans to get the obelisk back.
Italy has said it did not always consider the obelisk's return a top priority, Minuti said. After World War II, the rebuilding of Italy was more important than shipping the obelisk to Ethiopia. In the years since, changing political climates in Italy and Ethiopia have sidelined the issue, he said. But today, Minuti promised, it is different.
"We have renewed our commitment to Ethiopia," he said, adding that the obelisk's return might open the door for other African nations seeking their cultural heritage.
Pankhurst questions Italy's intentions. During the Italian occupation of Ethiopia from 1935 to 1941, Mussolini sold the invasion as a mission to tame a country perceived to be wild and uncivilized.
"Many Italians are informed by Mussolini propaganda. They view the war as a civilizing mission. Why should they return the obelisk to savages?" said Pankhurst. The Italians' "promises are not promises. I don't see any sign of good faith."
In Aksum, many feel Ethiopia is being overlooked because it can be.
"We are a poor country. We are not educated. We don't have power. And our power is becoming less and less," said Haile Silassie Berhe, an archaeologist at Aksum's archaeological museum.
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Workers exposed to radiation decades ago while making atomic weapons at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee died of leukemia at a rate 63 percent higher than expected, a new study says.
The study appears to be the first to show a correlation between cancer and long-term exposure to radiation at low levels. The vast majority of the workers received doses of radiation far lower than those of current federal safety standards.
The study also marks the first time excess cancer rates have been associated with the Oak Ridge plant, one of the nation`s main production facilities for nuclear weapons, the researchers said. The report appears in the Wednesday Journal of the American Medical Association.
``I think it`s disturbing,`` said Steve Wing, a University of North Carolina epidemiologist who was the principal author of the study. ``We have seen an association between cancer mortality and radiation doses at a very low level.``
The findings were called ``interesting and very provocative`` by William Hendee, a vice president of the American Medical Association, who wrote an accompanying editorial about the new report. ``If additional studies confirm these findings, they could lead to changes in the nation`s radiation-protection standards.``
Most of the Oak Ridge workers received doses of radiation far lower than today`s federal safety guidelines of 5 rems a year. Only 638 received more than 5 rems during their entire career at Oak Ridge. A rem is a standard unit of radiation.
The study did not say whether the workers who developed leukemia were the same ones who received the highest doses.
The workers included mathematicians, janitors, shipping clerks and biologists as well as those who worked directly with radioactive materials.
Wing said the study of 8,318 men who worked at the facility from 1943 to 1972 found that 30 died of leukemia. This was 63 percent higher than expected in such a population group, the study said.
However, researchers said they had no data on the Oak Ridge workers`
exposure to other risk factors such as smoking and chemical exposure.
Wing called the findings ``surprising.`` He said that earlier studies of Oak Ridge workers through 1977 did not find any unusual cancer deaths rates.
But this study followed workers for 26 years. Earlier cancer reports were published after 14 and 21 years. Hendee said the new findings show the importance of conducting long-term follow-up health studies.
Since 1936, when the first national guidelines on radiation were issued, radiation-exposure standards have been progressively tightened as new scientific evidence has disclosed health dangers at lower radiation levels.
In an another study in Wednesday`s Journal, three researchers at the National Cancer Institute said they have not detected any excess cancer risk among people living in 107 counties where nuclear power plants are situated in the United States.
These people would have received far less exposure than the workers studied at Oak Ridge.
The NCI findings differ from some earlier studies by British researchers who found increases in leukemia and lymphoma among young people living near two nuclear facilities in England and Scotland.
But the NCI scientists cautioned that not enough time may have yet passed for most radiation-induced cancers to show up. And the researchers didn`t examine the effect that workers` smoking habits, and other factors, may have had on the results.
The scientists acknowledge that their study ``does not prove the absence of any effect. If, however, any excess cancer risk was present in U.S. counties with nuclear facilities, it was too small to be detected with the methods employed.``
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If Americans needed a reminder not to take food safety for granted, they've gotten it. A massive recall last month of 19 million pounds of ground beef--the second-largest recall in U.S. history--was followed last week by a recall of romaine lettuce.
Both were due to E. coli contamination. At least 28 people in five states became ill after eating the contaminated beef; at least 29 reportedly became ill in Washington state from the lettuce.
These two incidents came on the heels of a recall of salmonella-tainted cantaloupes in May and of public warnings the previous month about an illegally produced soft cheese that was also found to be contaminated with salmonella. The cantaloupes were blamed for about three dozen cases of illness in the U.S. and Canada; the cheese was linked to 50 cases of food poisoning.
But health and food safety experts say these illnesses and recalls don't mean our food supply is more riddled with problems than in years past. Rather, they say, these events are a wake-up call to people who let their guard down when preparing and eating food.
"These incidents show there are significant gaps" in our safety net, says Caroline Smith DeWaal, director of the food safety program for the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a Washington, D.C., consumer watchdog group.
Unfortunately, while sanitary conditions in the U.S. have improved, no system is foolproof.
"As long as we have harmful microorganisms being carried by animals, and food handlers who may be infected by various pathogens and don't wash their hands, we're going to see food-borne illnesses," says Michael Doyle, director of the Center for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement at the University of Georgia in Griffin.
The consequences can be devastating. Although most of the estimated 76 million Americans stricken with food-borne illnesses each year experience relatively mild symptoms, 325,000 of them are sick enough to be hospitalized, and 5,000 people die each year from unsafe food, according to government figures. Otherwise healthy people may develop a mild case of diarrhea or nausea from tainted food, but for pregnant women, the frail elderly, young children and people with chronic illnesses such as diabetes or AIDS, food-borne illnesses can cause kidney failure, paralysis, miscarriage and death.
Among the more common food-borne pathogens are bacteria such as salmonella, campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio and E. coli 0157:H7.
There are a host of ways these microbes find their way to the nation's dinner tables: Produce may be watered or washed with feces-contaminated water, some animal carcasses are inadvertently infected with microbes during processing, seafood may swim in sewage-infested waters, or food may be improperly handled.
In one recent incident in Georgia, several hundred people developed flu-like symptoms after eating commercially prepared cakes decorated by a woman with long artificial nails who had neglected to wash her hands properly. (The microbes had become trapped underneath her nails.) Germs hiding in ventilation ducts during renovations at a hot dog manufacturing plant were responsible for an outbreak of Listeria in 1998-99, in which 21 people died.
In the case of the tainted ground beef, experts believe the meat was infected with E. coli 0157:H7 bacteria from manure-contaminated water. Federal and state officials are investigating the source of the recent lettuce contamination.
U.S. Department of Agriculture inspectors normally do random spot checks for the presence of E. coli bacteria at meat processing plants, and rely on companies to do their own regular testing. "But you can never take enough samples to have an absolute guarantee unless you check the entire lot, which isn't economically feasible," said Peter J. Slade of the National Center for Food Safety and Technology, which is part of the Illinois Institute of Technology in Summit-Argo, Ill.
Still, this incident prompted calls from consumer activists to tighten up plant inspection systems. "Tests of E. coli should be done routinely by the USDA, not just randomly," says Patty Lovera, deputy director of the energy and environment program at Public Citizen, a watchdog group in Washington, D.C.
In the meantime, consumers need to watch out for known hazards by staying abreast of government alerts, as well as taking precautions in the kitchen to protect themselves from food-borne bugs. Cooking meats and shellfish to 160 degrees Fahrenheit kills bacteria such as salmonella and E. coli. Eggs, which can be a breeding ground for salmonella, should also be cooked thoroughly, as should anything containing eggs, like French toast.
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Autumn 1996 (4.3)
The Nobel Prize
in Postage Stamps
by Hugo Vargas
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the death of the Nobel Prize benefactor, Alfred B. Nobel (1833-1896). A chemical engineer and scientist by profession, Nobel devoted most of his life's work to the research and development of explosives, specifically dynamite, nitroglycerin, and blasting gelatin. Eventually, he came to hold 355 patents and became incredibly wealthy from the exploitation of his inventions-building and operating over 90 factories in 20 countries on five continents.
A significant portion of funding for the Prize can also be traced to Azerbaijan. Alfred's brothers, Robert and Ludvig, owned the Nobel Brothers' Petroleum Company at the time when Baku was producing more than 50% of the world's oil (See AI: 2:4, 10; Summer 1994). As Alfred was the largest single shareholder in the company, it is said that the decision to allow the withdrawal of his shares from Baku (a reported 12% of the Prize Fund) enabled the awards to be established.
Since 1901, prizes have been awarded annually in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace. The economics prize was added in 1968. Each Prize consists of a gold medal, a diploma bearing a citation, and approximately $1 million.
Unlike other contemporary barons of business, Nobel lived a rather spartan life. He is said to have been unassuming and reticent. Though Swedish by birth, his outlook was cosmopolitan, and he felt comfortable with French, German, Russian, English and Swedish languages. The scope of the prizes reflect his own broad personal interests.
Nobel's great legacy to the development of intellectual thought and world peace has not gone unnoticed among the world of philatelists. More than 175 stamps have been issued over the years from 15 countries, honoring Nobel Prize winners as well as Nobel himself on the anniversaries of his birth (1833), death (1896), and the creation of his will (1895).
Announcements of the Nobel winners are made early each October, followed by the Award Ceremonies on December 10, in Oslo (Peace) and Stockholm (remaining prizes).
So far, 15 countries have celebrated Nobel's legacy with 175 stamps, most of which honor Prize recipients of the last 95 years. Others commemorate Nobel's birth or death anniversaries.
Other articles related to the Nobel Brothers:
(1) Nobel Prize Funded from Baku by Adil Baghirov (AI 4:2, Summer 1996)
(2) Toni Morrison's Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech, (AI 6.3, Autumn 1998)
(3) Newsmakers: Nobel Prize Centennial by Brita Asbrink (AI 9:3, Autumn 2001)
(4) Nobels in Baku: Swedes' Role in Baku's First Oil Boom
From Azerbaijan International (4.3) Autumn 1996.
© Azerbaijan International 1996. All rights reserved.
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In partnership with DFID, USAID, and the Embassy of Sweden, the Zimbabwe:Works initiative reached nearly 29,000 youth with entrepreneurship, work readiness, and life skills training. Of that group, 61 percent were women.
Young people are showing us the many ways they can contribute to their communities: they can lead, solve problems, make better lives for their families. But too many young people lack the opportunities, resources, role models, and basic chances they deserve. Watch an animation created in partnership with the Mastercard Foundation.
In Zimbabwe, young people can't rely solely academic qualifications. Country-wide economic hardships have forced many youth to be innovative and venture into the informal economy, or rely on luck to earn an income. Watch how Nicolai and Rudo used the resources of the Zimbabwe:Works initiative to create success.
Listen to young people explain about the power of Passport to Success® life skills training in Mozambique. In this video, students participating in the Escolhas initiative, a partnership of IYF and Mozal, came together for a career fair.
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Higher throughput is often the result of components and systems that are able to move at increased speeds. To quicken the pace and productivity of your next design, consider these timely tips and tools.
Slotless servomotors suit high-speed applications
Many design engineers working in the field of motion control are familiar with slotless motor designs, but may wonder if these specialized motors significantly improve machine performance. In many cases, they can. Here's why: Slotless motors offer more torque per frame size, produce more power, run more smoothly, and achieve higher speeds than their slotted counterparts. Following is a closer look at the technology, plus realistic tips on evaluating whether or not your next application could benefit from a slotless motor.
Slotted servomotor construction
A traditional slotted brushless servomotor has a stator made of stamped metal sections called laminations that are stacked to form teeth. Wire is wrapped around these teeth; when current flows in the wire, an electromagnet is created in the stator. Permanent magnets are fixed to the rotor.
Slotless servomotor construction
As in slotted motors, the permanent magnets in slotless servomotors are fixed to the rotor. However, a slotless motor's stator is built without teeth. Motor windings are wrapped around a temporary mold and then encapsulated to hold them in place. Eliminating the teeth yields many benefits.
Higher torque: A slotless motor's redesigned stator allows the rotor to be significantly larger. Because torque increases proportionally to rotor diameter, torque from a given slotless unit is significantly higher than that from a similarly sized traditional motor. Due to the absence of teeth, the area available for windings is also greater — which further increases torque. More specifically, torque at a given speed can be increased by 10 to 25% compared to a slotted motor.
Higher speed: As the magnets pass by the teeth in a slotted motor, a change or modulation in the magnetic flux is created, which in turn induces voltage in the surface of the magnets per Faraday's Law — e = dø/dt. These magnets are conductive, so a current flows in them. These Eddy currents, as they're called, increase exponentially with speed and create heat in the magnets, which in turn diminishes their strength. Because slotless motors have no teeth, they can achieve speeds in excess of 4,000 rpm over slotted motors.
Higher power: Power is calculated by multiplying torque by speed. Because a slotless motor outputs both higher speeds and torques, it can produce more than twice (2x) the power of a slotted motor.
Smoother motion: As the magnets on a slotted motor's rotor move past the stator's iron teeth, they are magnetically attracted to the teeth. This creates a torque disturbance known as cogging. Because there are no teeth in a slotless motor, this cogging effect is eliminated — yielding smoother motion.
Easier tuning: Motors with larger rotor inertias can be easier and simpler to tune. If the load becomes momentarily decoupled from the motor (a common phenomenon) the servo loop is less likely to become unstable if motor inertia is high relative to the load. In fact, precise servo tuning and filtering, which can be difficult to achieve, may not be required with a slotless motor.
Better stiffness: A rotor with a larger diameter has greater stiffness because torque increases with rotor diameter and a higher-torque motor responds faster to any displacement from the commanded position. The torque displacement curve is steeper.
Higher efficiency: All of the above traits boost motor efficiency by 5 to 25% compared to slotted motors.
Disadvantages of slotless motors
Despite their benefits, slotless motors are not without drawbacks and are therefore not suited to every application. For any given size, slotless motors generally have larger diameter rotors, and because rotor inertia increases exponentially with the rotor's diameter, inertia can increase significantly. Consider an application in which load inertia is very low compared to motor inertia, and high acceleration is required. Here, a slotted motor may be able to accelerate faster than a slotless one — if the slotless motor's additional torque cannot compensate for the higher torque required to accelerate the system.
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A slotless motor may also be more difficult to manufacture: The motor manufacturer might need to develop custom winding equipment because standard equipment does not do the job. If the choice is made to encapsulate the motor windings in a resin to enhance performance and create a more rugged motor, the motor manufacturer must have significant experience with resin materials and the potting process itself. These manufacturing challenges could increase costs for both the motor manufacturer and end user.
Application benefits of slotless motors
Higher torque is beneficial for most applications and is often the first thing an engineer seeks when choosing a motor. More torque usually means higher acceleration and greater machine output. Additional torque also means that a smaller motor may be used, which can save money; if the motor is part of a moving component, a smaller motor also weighs less and requires less energy to move.
A motor that can run faster may be an obvious choice for high-speed applications such as centrifuges, but faster speed can also help reduce overall machine cost and increase machine output. If the machine's mechanics can handle higher speeds, a faster move time is possible. If a gear reduction can be selected to optimize torque at higher speed, a smaller motor can be used, thereby saving money and weight. Additional power may also eliminate costly secondary mechanics that can shorten machine life and escalate maintenance.
Two specific applications illustrate indispensible slotless-motor benefits. The first is grinding: Here, smooth motor motion (generated by slotless motors) is imperative, as the cogging effect often associated with slotted motors can produce an undesirable finish on final parts. Another example is battery-powered designs. Here, the higher efficiency and potentially smaller size of slotless motors extends operation.
This month's handy tips provided by Infranor Inc. For more information, visit infranorusa.com or call (800) 237-3786.
Step motor includes high-rpm encoder
The all-in-one DMX-K-SA-11 NEMA 11 microstep motor from Arcus Technology integrates a driver, controller, and encoder into the motor's back cap, minimizing external electronics and wiring. The motor uses Renishaw's AM256 magnetic encoder chip for real-time position verification, making it suitable for size-sensitive biomedical, semiconductor, and other applications requiring open-loop microstep motion with real-time position confirmation. The 8-bit chip encoder features an operational range of -40° to 125° C, high resistance to shock and vibration, and rotational speed capability to 60,000 rpm.
Electric actuators ease speedy applications
ERD electronic rod-style actuators are designed as an economical electric alternative to non-repairable pneumatic cylinders. Sleek and compact, they deliver forces to 75 lb at speeds to 40 ips. ERD actuators are stroke configurable and suit a variety of high-speed applications, such as pick-and-place, sorting and diverting, and more. The actuator is available in body sizes equivalent to 5/8, 1, and 1.5-in. bore pneumatic cylinders. These are available in stroke lengths to 8, 10, and 12 in., and forces to 20, 40, and 75 lb. The steel acme lead screw comes in three lead sizes per size to optimize speed or force.
Cable carrier handles high rotation rates
The TwisterBand TB30 cable carrier guides energy, data, and media with little wear, and enables rapid rotating movements to 3,000°. Its smaller masses lower centrifugal forces and allow rotary speeds to 720°/sec. Due to its compact design, the system can be used in both horizontal or vertical positions; at high rotating speeds, the carrier stays close to the axis. The polymer component is easy to use, as the injection-molded chain has easy-access links that allow users to simply press in cables and hoses through split openings. Applications are mainly in robotics.
Conveyor quickens packaging pace
The 3200 Series iDrive belt conveyor imparts faster speeds, increased weight capacity, and new indexing capabilities to larger designs. This new conveyor integrates a brushless dc motor, gearbox, and motor controller within the conveyor frame to save space. As the big brother to the 2200 Series iDrive, the 3200 Series conveyor is designed for a wider range of heavy-duty industrial and packaging applications. It comes with three control options and is ready for quick integration into existing packaging and processing lines. Side controls allow easy speed and direction adjustments.
Dorner Mfg. Corp.
Compact encoders suit high-speed machines
POSITAL's OPTOCODE encoders with interfaces for EtherNet/IP and PROFINET IRT networks are suited for sophisticated motion control on packaging lines, cartoning machines, and other designs requiring accuracy and precision. Both encoder types can be used in high-speed machines: The EtherNet/IP models, which incorporate an Ertec200 controller, have cycle times of less than 10 msec, while the PROFINET IRT models support cycle times as low as 1 msec (isochronos real-time) and 10 msec (real-time). The encoders feature a 2.3-in. diameter and maximum length of 3.1 in.
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in HHealth is characterized by the World Health Organization as the complete condition of physical, mental and social prosperity and not simply essentially the nonattendance of infections. Wellbeing Education is the procurement of data and information about wellbeing and all its suggestion for lessening, averting or taking out wellbeing issues. It includes behavioral and attitudinal changes that make the individual, group or society more responsible for their own wellbeing. Wellbeing Education degrees, especially Bachelor of Science degrees in wellbeing instruction is especially ailing in the Caribbean Region, including Trinidad and Tobago. The principle explanation behind this is obscure. Perhaps there is no interest, or possibly there exists adequate wellbeing instructors in the Caribbean Region and there is no requirement for any more. One of the contributing elements perhaps the absence of data on what courses to offer at the Bachelor of Science degree level in Health Education. The paper tries to right this lack by giving data on courses important to be taken for the Bachelor’s in Health Education as an issue of general wellbeing need. Decisive words: Health Education, Public Health, BSc in Health Education.
Wellbeing Education is characterized as Education for Health. Wellbeing is characterized by the World Health Organization as the complete condition of physical, mental and social prosperity and not simply the complete nonattendance of sickness. (1)
Wellbeing is not just absolutely related with the accessibility of men, materials, and cash, however on other financial assets, for example, instruction, water and nourishment. The evenhanded dissemination of wellbeing and social assets are important for tending to the wellbeing needs of the populace. (1, 2)
Different variables influencing wellbeing incorporate social, social, monetary, organic and ecological. Be that as it may, these variables might not have the fancied impact if individuals don’t take a dynamic contribution in their own particular wellbeing and receive sound practices and guaranteeing a solid domain. (1, 2)
The presentation of the Alma-Alta in 1978, states that essential social insurance is the first level of contact between the individual, group and populace and the national human services framework. All individuals all over the place ought to have entry to essential human services that would empower them to appreciate a socially and financially gainful life. (2)
Wellbeing Education is essential for all partners in wellbeing keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish wellbeing for all by the year 2000 as swore by the World Health Organization and its part states. The year 2000 has as of now come and gone and most part states have not yet completely understood this determination for Health for all by year 2000. A standout amongst the most huge methods for adopting so as to actualize this determination is proactive measures, for example, instruction and preparing as fundamental apparatuses in the battle against sick wellbeing and infections. (3, 4)
At present there exist no scholarly foundation locally or provincially that offers a Bachelors of Science in Health Education. With respect to a needs evaluation completed in Trinidad, uncovered that there exist roughly a 80 % insufficiency in Health Educators in the Ministry of Health, the three noteworthy Hospitals and seventeen Health Centers all through the nation. An awesome need in this manner exist for wellbeing instructors and this insufficiency ought to be earnestly tended to. Preparing and instruction is imperative for improvement of abilities and aptitudes in any control. The requirement for preparing and scholarly foundations to place wellbeing instruction in their educational modules would serve to rectify the tremendously required wellbeing teacher’s lack in Trinidad.
Target of Bachelor of Science in Health Education:
€ To deliver graduates with a decent blend of hypothetical and functional aptitudes and abilities that will empower them to augment the limits of information important to enhancing Health Education, fortifying neighborhood wellbeing frameworks and upgrading individual, group and populace wellbeing.
Benchmarking of Bachelor of Science in Health Education with other comparative nearby, local and worldwide Bachelor of Science in Health Education
€ Verification and approval.
€ Standardization and harmonization.
€ Local, territorial and worldwide consistence, acknowledgment and accreditation.
Center Course Content for Bachelor of Science in Health Education:
€ Concepts & Principles in Health Education.
€ Techniques & Skills in Health Education.
€ Health Promotion.
€ School Health Education.
€ Problem Solving Techniques.
€ Health Education Theories & Models.
€ Family Life Education.
€ Research in Health Education.
Depiction of Some of the Core Course Content for Bachelor of Science in Health Education:
€ Health Education-Involves behavioral and demeanor changes and makes people more responsible and in charge of their own wellbeing.
€ Application of Behavioral Change Theories & Models:
(i) Stages of Change Theory depends on the rule that conduct is found out through alterations of straightforward conduct.
(ii) Health Belief Model depends on the apparent adequacy is subject to outside
impacts advancing fancied conduct.
(iii) Reasoned Action & Planned Behavior depends on the rule that a man
considers the outcomes before performing a specific conduct, yet other
elements impact real execution of conduct.
(iv) Social Cognitive Theory depends on the rule that individual conduct is
affected by the social environment.
(v) Diffusion of Innovation Theory depends on the rule that the rate of acknowledgment of another innovation depends on the speak to the faculties.
(vi) Field Theory depends on the rule that social impacts influences human
cognizance and the other way around in a condition of element flux.
€ School Health Education-empowers arranging, coordination and detailing of school wellbeing approaches and projects.
€ Family Life Education is taught concurring the accompanying course subjects:
(i) Family living and group connections.
(ii) Value of putting off sexual exercises.
(iii) Human sexuality.
(iv) Human multiplication & preventative.
(v) Etiology, counteractive action and impacts of sexually transmitted infections.
(vi) Stress administration & imperviousness to associate weight.
(vii) Development of positive safe ideas & regard for others.
(viii) Parenting aptitudes.
(ix) Substance misuse.
(x) Child misuse.
€ Community Health Education
(i) Community sythesis.
(ii) When group wellbeing training is required?
(iii) Getting supposition pioneers included.
(iv) The part of neighborhood & remote associations.
(v) Community wellbeing council.
(vi) Advisory & arranging sheets.
(vii) Insectoral planning gatherings.
(viii) Organizing wellbeing effort a wellbeing effort begins around one issue e.g. €clean up the community€, €immunize your child€, €good sustenance for sound bodies€, €clean water for good health€, €say no to drugs€.
(ix) Mobilize group assets for a task.
(x) Developing organization with individuals.
(xi) Role of group wellbeing specialists.
€ Health Promotion
(i) Putting wellbeing training routines into practice.
(ii) It includes empowering or enabling, intervening or encouraging and promotion or campaigning.
(iii) People investment.
(iv) When to discover individuals?
(v) Where to discover individuals?
(vi) How to include individuals?
€ Health Promotion-Methods & Media
(i) Health talks.
(iv) Case thinks about.
(viii) Flip diagrams.
(x) Projected materials.
(xiii) Films/motion pictures.
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At the link below, the 2 red arrows indicate the 2 possible precession angles of a precessing electron. The Z axis is the axis of precession. Many quantum physicists forget that this is not the true spin axis but only the axis of precession of an electron. It is through electromagnetic interaction with all other matter that the electron is forced to precess at only these 2 precession angles for Spin UP or Spin DOWN.
Spin UP, Spin Down:
In Quantum theory, the axis of gyroscopic precession of an electron is considered to be its spin axis. Spin Up just means that when you measure to see which way an electron's axis of precession is oriented, it is detected to have the magnetic North of its axis of precession oriented facing magnetic South of the measuring device (aligned with). Spin Down simply means when you measure to see which way an electron's axis of precession is oriented, it is detected to have the magnetic North of its axis of precession oriented facing magnetic North of the measuring device, (aligned against). The spin Down orientation with respect to an external magnetic field is considered a higher energy state while a spin Up orientation is a lower energy state. When there is no measuring equipment involved, Spin UP and Spin DOWN simply mean that the spin axes of 2 particles are oriented in opposite directions.
By convention, a "Spin Up" electron orientation relative to an external magnetic field is aligned with the external magnetic field and this is a lower energy state than when it is "Spin Down" aligned against an external field. This means that if a measuring device has its external magnetic field oriented with its North at the top and its South at the bottom then an electron's axis of precession has its North pointed down to aligned with the external field when it is in a Spin Up state. Spin UP and Spin Down do not refer to physical orientation necessarily. In other words, an external magnetic field could be oriented horizontally and an electron could be oriented horizontally to align with or against that field and still that electron is considered to be in a Spin Up or Spin Down state, depending on whether it is aligned with or against the external magnetic field.
UPDATE: I no longer know what the "convention" is because various sources are showing opposing diagrams. Here are 3 examples:
Here the website's diagram shows the spin UP electron's magnetic flux aligned against the external magnetic flux direction even while the diagram's text says it is aligned with. The source magnet could just as easily be a C shaped magnet and so this diagram is very confusing:
Here the website's diagram shows the spin UP electron's magnetic flux aligned with the external magnetic field but this is opposite to the first diagram:
Here the website's diagram does not show the orientation or even the existence of an external magnetic field, which makes the diagram ambiguous for anything other than showing that UP and DOWN are in opposite direction between 2 electrons:
Never-the-less, when an electron is aligned against an external magnetic field, this is a higher energy state because there is potential energy stored between an external field and an electron with its axis of precession (Z axis) and associated magnetic field oriented against the external field. Work can be performed on the electron to flip its spin axis over to align with an external magnetic field either by making the external field strong enough to overcome the exchange interaction keeping it propped up against the external field or by stimulating it (with an electromagnetic signal at its frequency of precession) to flip over and align with the external field. When it moves into alignment it radiates its own electromagnetic signal (which is usually lost as heat in the magnetic material) and now it has lost the stored potential energy and is in a lower energy state.
Electron Spin and the Pauli Exclusion Principle:
The statement at:
is wrong regarding no relation to the electromagnetic force. Two (paired) electrons in the same orbital are communicating electromagnetically so each knows the state of the other so that they remain in opposite states, i.e. 1 spin up and the other spin down. Many scientists get so caught up in the math that they lose sight of the real world processes that must be occurring to explain the characteristics of matter that are described by the math. The wave functions of the electrons are actually the result of their electromagnetic interaction with each other and with the sea of electromagnetic standing waves among all matter. They can’t remain in opposite states (so as to satisfy the Pauli Exclusion Principle) unless they always know each others’ state through continuous electromagnetic interaction. Each electron has both spin and gyroscopic precession. The gyroscopic precession causes each electron to radiate electromagnetic waves that apply forces on the other keeping its spin orientation opposite of the other. These exchanged electromagnetic waves are synchronized with the sea of standing waves among all electrons that are also radiating and absorbing due to their precessional motions.
Compensated and Uncompensated:
Paired electrons each have a magnetic field through their respective spin axes. A portion of this magnetic field is aligned along each electron's "Z axis" and a portion of the magnetic field continuously precesses about the electron's "Z axis". The path of magnetic flux lines tends to be from the magnetic North of 1 electron to the magnetic South of the other. The effect of this is that no net magnetic field is detectable from an electron pair outside the atom containing the pair. The magnetic field of each electron of a pair is said to be compensated by the magnetic field of the other electron.
An unpaired electron in an orbital of an atom also has a magnetic field through its axis of precession but since its magnetic field is not compensated by another electron with opposite spin axis orientation its magnetic field extends beyond the atom and interacts with the magnetic fields of unpaired electrons of neighboring atoms.
In some magnetic materials, like iron, an electron can be shared between atoms such that it is unpaired so its magnetic field is uncompensated and so its magnetic field can interact with the magnetic fields of neighboring unpaired electrons and with external magnetic fields. In other magnetic materials an electron can be paired but also shared between atoms in such a way as to tilt its axis of precession (canted) so that its spin is not completely compensated by its “paired” electron. The uncompensated portion of its magnetic field will interact with other partially uncompensated electrons of neighboring atoms. Actually, there are many ways that particular electron spins can be only partially compensated depending on the molecular structure and this gives rise to magnetic properties in a material.
Read more about compensated and uncompensated:
Read more about magnetic materials:
Exchange and Super Exchange Interaction:
All electrons naturally tend to align with an external magnetic field when free to do so but, when there is electromagnetic interaction between paired electrons then the pair is not susceptible to outside magnetic fields. Also, for uncompensated electrons, when there is electromagnetic interaction among neighboring uncompensated electrons, this interaction applies electromagnetic forces that can keep electrons facing against an external field. This electromagnetic interaction comes partially from Coulomb forces but mainly from electromagnetic energy radiated and absorbed due to the precessions of the electrons' magnetic dipoles. This interaction is call Exchange Interaction and Super Exchange Interaction. Quantum physicists call Exchange Interaction an entirely quantum mechanical effect but this is not true, only they fail to recognize the classical electrodynamic nature of these interactions. When electrons precess, they radiate and absorb electromagnetic energy from their magnetic dipoles' sweeping around through space. This energy when absorbed by an electron can apply more force keeping it "propped up" against an external magnetic field than an external magnetic field can apply to make it flip over and align with the external field.
Read more about these interactions at: www.physics.hull.ac.uk/magnetics/Magnetism/Exchange/exchange.html
The Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) Paradox:
The Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) paradox goes away after realizing that particles are in a particular state even before we attempt to measure that state. However, the act of measuring does affect that state. For example, when analyzing an electron and positron that initially have spin 1/2 and -1/2 with respect to each other, the electron can have any random orientation of its spin axis and when you measure it, it will precess about the applied external magnetic field of the measuring device. This causes the “Z axis” to be exactly aligned with or against the external field since the “Z axis” is actually the axis of precession. The orientation of its axis of precession will always be allied exactly with or against the applied external magnetic field since the electron will naturally start precessing around the direction of an external magnetic field. Then if you measure the orientation of its previously entangled positron you will find that it also precesses about the external magnetic field of a measuring device and its axis of precession will be the opposite orientation of the electron solely because its previously random orientation was already exactly opposite that of the electron it was entangled with before.
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This incredible, high resolution view of Saturn's moon Dione was taken during Cassini's first close approach to the icy moon on Dec. 14, 2004. The view shows linear, curving features within the region of the bright wispy terrain Dione is known for.
The image was obtained in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow angle camera at a distance of approximately 156,000 kilometers (97,000 miles) from Dione. The Sun-Dione-spacecraft, or phase, angle is 34 degrees. The image scale is about 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) per pixel.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo.
For more information, about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit, http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov and the Cassini imaging team home page, http://ciclops.org.
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Crowns & Bridges
- 1 hr1 hour
- Depends on ConsultDepends on Consult
- Radha Nagar Main Road
Teeth that are damaged due to injury, infection or disease are repaired by using a crown. A crown is a tooth-shaped cap that is placed over a tooth. It is used to strengthen and protect your natural tooth structure. A dental bridge covers, or “bridges the gap”, between missing teeth. After you lose a tooth, your dentist may suggest that you get a bridge. A bridge can keep your other teeth from moving out of position. Crowns and bridges are fixed dental restorations which are used for restoration or replacement of missing natural teeth, respectively. Dental crowns are generally considered superior to teeth fillings due to better esthetics and durability. Similarly, bridges provide improved esthetics and strength in comparison to the removable dentures. Some of the benefits of crowns are bridges are given below. Dental crowns can have the following advantages: Protection/ Restoration of Tooth Structure – A dental crown is possibly the best protection that your dentist can give to a threatened tooth. Teeth weakened by root canal treatment are also protected with crowns. Esthetics– Along with the physical protection, a crown also offers an esthetic advantage. Crowns can be made to restore the original shape of your tooth. Ceramic crowns are strong, and yet very good looking. The color can be matched to the color of the adjacent teeth, restoring or improving upon your original smile. Durability-Crowns last the longest of most dental restorations, with a life of fifteen years or more. This is because dental crowns are prepared from high quality and stronger materials. Benefits of Dental Bridges Functional Restoration- With the help of a bridge, we will restore your dental functionality. That is, you will be able to chew and eat efficiently. A bridge will also improve the clarity of speech that may have been lost due to absence of a natural tooth. Force Distribution– The bridge structure distributes the chewing force equally to the supporting teeth, making for easier chewing. Esthetics– This is also a major benefit of a bridge. Not only do you recover your functionality, you can also restore or even improve your smile with a bridge. Durability – Just like dental crowns, bridges also tend to last much longer than removable dentures. We provide high quality and aesthetically-pleasing crowns and bridges to our patients, so that they can smile again with confidence. Visit us today so that we can restore your smile with dental bridges and crowns.
no 64, 180a, Radha Nagar Main Rd, Lakshmi Nagar, Rajaji Nagar, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600044, India
+91 94868 94412
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Liang Liang enjoys a snack in China. The giant panda is one of the rare species that is thriving and is not longer considered endangered. (AP Photo/Joshua Paul)
New report is 'a pretty shocking snapshot of where we are,' says WWF rep...
(Newser) – A disturbing study says the world's wild animal population has plunged 58% since 1970, the BBC reports. Researchers from the WWF and the Zoological Society of London warn that if current trends continue, two-thirds of the world's wildlife will be gone by 2020. The finger points squarely at humans, who cause climate change, pollution, habitat loss, hunting, and illegal trafficking. "We know what the causes are and we know the scale of the impact that humans are having on nature and on wildlife populations—it really is now down to us to act," says Dr. Mike Barrett of the WWF. "Now we've reached a point where there isn't really any excuse to let this carry on." In the most comprehensive assessment of its kind, the Living Planet report analyzed 3,700 vertebrate species and found that decimation included a wide range of them: from African elephants devastated by poaching to vultures to salamanders.
African elephants are among the species that are disappearing from the planet. (AP Photo/Karel Prinsloo, File)
Animals living in rivers and lakes were most at risk, with their decline pegged at 81%. But the Living Planet is taking criticism from some, including a Duke ecologist who cites a lack of data "from South America, from tropical Africa, there is not much from the tropics, period. They're trying to pull this stuff in a blender and spew out a single number.... It's flawed." The report underscores the effects of the Anthropocene, a suggested geological era that finds humans dominating the planet, reports the Guardian. "We are no longer a small world on a big planet. We are now a big world on a small planet, where we have reached a saturation point,” the report says. Barrett says saving animals and ensuring biodiversity depends on enforcing sustainable environmental policies and simpler acts such as consuming fewer resources including meat. There is good news: species like tigers and the giant panda have rallied; the latter was recently removed from the endangered list.
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- Baking Bites - http://bakingbites.com -
What is rhubarb?
Posted By Nicole On April 5, 2012 @ 6:38 am In Fruits and Veggies,Ingredients | 4 Comments
Rhubarb is a thick, celery-like plant with red stalks that can grow to be more than two feet long. The red and green stalks are the edible portion of the rhubarb and the leaves, which contain oxalic acid, are not edible. The color of the plant can vary widely from an extremely dark red to a pale reddish-green. Hothouse grown rhubarb tends to be lighter in color than field-grown rhubarb, and has a slightly milder flavor to it, though all rhubarb is extremely tart and has a bright, lemony flavor to it. Rhubarb is seasonal and is typically available from April – June, although it can be grown in hothouses (also known as “forced” rhubarb) for a longer growing season.
Rhubarb is classified as a fruit in the US, although it is botanically a vegetable, and is often used in the same culinary applications as berries and other fruits are. Rhubarb is not usually eaten raw, and is almost always cooked, baked or stewed with other ingredients. Since it is so tart, it requires that a lot of sugar be used to balance its flavor and that makes it a popular base for pies, cobblers, jams and preserves, all of which can handle a lot of sugar. Because of its tart flavor, rhubarb is also often paired with other red fruits, such as strawberries, to lend some additional sweetness to it.
When choosing rhubarb, look for crisp, unblemished stalks and leaves that look fresh, not wilted. Although you do not eat them along with the stalk, the leaves are still and good indicator for freshness.
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URL to article: http://bakingbites.com/2012/04/what-is-rhubarb/
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ONEONTA, N.Y. -- Internationally recognized sustainable technology expert John Barrie will deliver SUNY Oneonta’s 11th annualCornell-Gladstone-Hanlon-Kaufmann Lecture on Environmental Education and Communication on Thursday, Oct. 6.
The lecture, titled, “How to Lift a Pyramid—Inspiring Innovation for the Poor,” will begin at 8 p.m. in the Hunt Union Ballroom on campus. Admission is free, and members of the community are invited to attend.
An architect and industrial designer, Barrie is the executive director of the Appropriate Technology Collaborative, an award-winning, nonprofit company that designs low-cost technologies for low-income people throughout the world. Based in Ann Arbor, Mich., the company works side-by-side with communities in developingcountries to design, develop, demonstrate and distribute sustainable technological solutions that promote economic growth and improve quality oflife.
Barrie works with teams of engineering, design and business students from colleges and universities across the United States to develop new technologies that can be completely constructed in or near the communities where they’ll be used. Projects have included a solar vaccine refrigerator, bamboo-reinforced concrete and low-cost LED lights—made mostly out of old cellphone components—to replace kerosene lamps. During spring break last year, a team of Michigan engineering students traveled to rural Guatemala to build wind turbines they designed, using blades made from local materials and covered with cloth woven nearby, to provide clean, emissions-free power to the region.
The “design pyramid” is the opposite of the economic pyramid, Barrie says, with lots of designers creating products for the world’s wealthiest citizens and relatively few designing products for the billions of people at the bottom of the pyramid. The premise behind Barrie’s work is that finding better ways to provide communities with basic things like light and water promotes economic growththrough a domino effect. Demand for the new wind turbines will stimulate business for local weaving cooperatives; replacing dim kerosene lamps with bright, electric light will provide more time for shopkeepers to work and children to study.
The Cornell-Gladstone-Hanlon-Kaufmann Annual Lectureship on Environmental Education and Communication was established by Virginia and William Kaufmann through a gift to the College at Oneonta Foundation in 1999. The lecture series is named in honor of several families from the Oneonta and Stamford areas who exemplified an enduring love and appreciation for the natural resources of the Catskill region. Virginia Kaufmann was a 1944 SUNY Oneonta graduate.
More information about this event is available from Dr. Thomas Horvath, director of SUNY Oneonta’s Environmental Sciences Program, at (607) 436-3899.
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SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (SC)
Specific Conductance (SC) is a measure of how well water can conduct an electrical current. Conductivity increases with increasing amount and mobility of ions. These ions, which come from the breakdown of compounds, conduct electricity because they are negatively or positively charged when dissolved in water. Therefore, SC is an indirect measure of the presence of dissolved solids such as chloride, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and iron, and can be used as an indicator of water pollution.
Measurement of SCSpecific Conductance measures how well water can conduct an electrical current for a unit length and unit cross-section at a certain temperature. More specifically, it is defined as the "reciprocal (opposite) of the resistance in ohms measured between opposite faces of a centimeter cube of an aqueous solution at a specified temperature" (Hem, 1985). That is,
conductance = 1 / resistance
Specific conductance is measured using a sensor which measures resistance. Resistance means how well something can resist an electrical current, and is reported in ohms. The unit of conductance was originally ohm spelled backwards – "mho." More recently, however, the name "siemen" has been used to match the term used by the International System of Units. So both "mho" and "siemen" are sometimes seen in water quality reports. One siemen is equal to one mho. Because SC in natural waters is usually much less than 1 siemen/cm, SC is usually reported in microsiemens (1/1,000,000 siemen) per centimeter, or µS/cm. SC is affected by temperature, so for consistency SC values are converted to what they would be at room temperature (25° C).
Factors Affecting SC
Geology and soil in the watershed
Some rock and soil release ions very easily when water flows over them; for example, if acidic water flows over rocks containing calcite (CaCO3), such as calcareous shales, calcium (Ca2+) and carbonate (CO32-) ions will dissolve into the water. Therefore, SC will increase. However, some rocks, such as quartz (SiO2), are very resistant, and don't dissolve easily when water flows over them (and even if SiO2 does dissolve, it is not conductive). SC of waters draining areas where the geology only consists of quartz or other resistant rocks will be low (unless other factors are involved).
Acid mine drainage
Drainage from operating and abandoned mine sites can contribute iron, sulfate, copper, cadmium, arsenic, and/or other constituents if minerals containing these constituents are present and are exposed to air and water. This increase in ions will increase the SC.
Runoff from farms can contain fertilizers, which contain phosphate and nitrate. In addition, irrigation return flow can leach salts from the soil.
Runoff from roads can contain leaked automobile fluids and salts from chemicals used in road de-icing, such as sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2).
Water Quality Standards and Other Criteria Regarding SC
Generally, there aren’t regulatory levels for SC. Instead, the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) is often regulated. However, SC is an easily-obtained parameter that is an good indicator of the amount of dissolved solids in a water, and thus can be used to detect contaminants in water.
Pure water would theoretically have an SC value of zero µS/cm at 25° C; however, this water is very difficult to produce. Distilled or deionized water has an SC of at least 1 µS/cm. Rain water can have an SC value higher than distilled water, because it dissolves gases from the air and also particles of dust or other airborne material. Sea water has an SC of approximately 50,000 µS/cm, because of the large amount of dissolved salts it contains.
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SINCE the 1940s, I have been thinking about how animals and plants and other organisms develop. As I look back over the many years, I see that the problem remains in some ways much the same, but in other ways it has changed to an extraordinary extent. The latter is entirely due to the fact that there has been such vast progress in the very nature of biology due to the eruption of molecular biology at midcentury. There has been a certain amount of tension between classical developmental biology and its modern molecular form, largely because the techniques are so different. But that is slowly changing with the present-day realization that the molecular developmental biologist is in fact pursuing the same goals that were first staked out by embryologists in the nineteenth century. They are pursuing two different ways of looking at the same problem; they are not opposedthey complement one another.
The premolecular biologists sought the immediate causes of the steps of development, the sequences of stimuli and responses that were responsible for the evolving of the embryo. They fully realized that ultimately those stimuli and responses were chemical in nature, but it seemed beyond the abilities of the times to find out what those chemicals might be. To give an example, in the early 1900s Hans Spemann and Hilda Mangold (see Hamburger, 1988) discovered that the dorsal lip of the blastopore could, when transplanted to another embryo, cause the surrounding tissue to produce an extra embryonic axis. They called the dorsal lip region an organizer, fully realizing the obvious fact that it sent out a stimulus and that the response to that stimulus was the formation of a second embryo, with all its complex tissues. There followed many years of research in many distinguished laboratories to find what chemical substances might be responsible for this embryonic induction. The results were quite confusing and unsatisfactory, and it was not until the eclosion of molecular biology that it became possible to begin to analyze the molecular basis of Spemann and Mangolds experiment. Now we know many of the substances involvednot only the specific proteins, but the genes that are responsible for their production. In fact, the level of detail of our present knowledge is quite staggering. But today those molecular details can easily cloud the underlying fundamental biological questions.
There are presently numerous and rapidly evolving reviews and books of this wonderful progress in molecular development, and it is not my intention to pursue here this exciting field of knowledge. Rather, I want to take a different approach.
In the case of the molecular biology of development, the explanation of even the smallest step has become enormously complex, a complexity that increases directly with the zest for digging. I am not criticizing this approach; in fact, I think it is essential and important and has produced stunning advances. However, I worry that all the wonderful detail will make the fundamental principles harder to see, and that perhaps one might also get illuminating insights by examining the development of simpler organismsby which I mean simpler than those workhorses of molecular biology, the fly and the worm. Of course, what one finds is that even with simple organisms, the more one delves into their developmental mechanisms, the more complexity emerges; the difference is only a matter of degree.
How can one simplify the mechanism of development? How can one cut through the details and get to the core of how organisms develop? One might argue that the details are development, but I will take a different tack. It seems to me there are some basic principles that underlie all the details. It is upon them that the details rest, and this essay is about how to find those principles and what they might be.
Here I will consider three ways one could pursue this quest for simplicity. One is the straightforward, descriptive biological approach where the mechanisms are at least su-perficially exposed.
Another way is to look for the beginnings of multicellular development, where one might assume that at first only the minimum steps necessary were present. What happens inside a cell is incredibly complex despite its small size, but with the evolutionary origin of multicellularity there must have occurred some minimal signals between cells, and that was the origin of multicellular development. Those extracellular beginnings were simple and were only subsequently followed by an increase in complexity.
The third way to seek simplicity is through mathematical modeling. One can ask what is the simplest way to achieve some developmental change in form. This is an approach to which I shall return periodically to see how it fits in with my more central message of what might have been the nature of the first cell signaling when multicellular development arose in early evolution.
I do not mean to imply that these are the only ways of achieving simplicity, for there are others as well. To give a well-known example, the foundations of molecular genetics are achieved by Max Delbru ¨ck and Salvador Luria using viruses (bacteriophages), and by the very simplicity of these naked, parasitic genes (and their rapid rate of reproduction) it was possible to gain an extraordinarily deep understanding into the fundamental nature of mutations. The use of viruses to solve important biological problems remains important today, as shown recently by Birch and Chao (1999), who have elucidated some basic questions of population genetics, again by taking advantage of the molecular simplicity of viruses.
As indicated above, I want to use a different simplicity approach here. My plan is to get at the essentials of developmental biology by piecing together how the development of multicellular organisms might have arisen in the first place. This will be my window to finding the underlying core of development without interference from the obscuring details. But another equally important evolutionary theme runs in parallel. There is a constant selection pressure for size change: this is a major driving force in evolution. In a complex environment such as exists today for every category of organism, a complete array of size niches is present, and should any one be vacant, there will be a selection for a slightly larger or slightly smaller species or variants to fill it. In early geological times, when the world consisted solely of single-cell organisms, the selection pressure for size increase must have been great, and the easiest way to achieve it was by becoming multicellular. The unicellular size niche was filled; expansion could only be in the larger direction. This explains why there were so many independent (or convergent) inventions of multicellularity.
What we have, then, is the evolutionary origin of multicellular development. First, there was a selection for an increase in size by becoming multicellular, and once achieved there was a selection for a better integration, a better coordination of the adhering cells to compete effectively for energy and for a way to reproduce successfully. Then, with each successive step of size increase, propelled always by the fact that the uppermost size niche is never filled, there has been a further selection pressure for integration and coordination, often by new and innovative devices to accommodate the newly created larger organism.
We will examine these themes in the following way. After a bit of history of developmental biology as a discipline (chapter 2), our starting point will be a natural history of present-day simple multicellular organisms to provide a basis for speculation of how they might have arisen in the first place (chapter 3). Next, we must look into the matter of size and size niches, and in particular how it affects mi-croorganisms (chapter 4). What are the physical properties of small clumps of cells? There are the chemical properties to consider as well: how can the cells start to communicate with one another, and what are the beginnings of the signal-response system (chapter 5)? This leads directly into the central chapter of the book, which examines the beginnings of multicellular development as a way to reveal the simplest elements of development (chapter 6). I use the cellular slime molds to show how the development of one organism can be analyzed from a classical developmental point of view and from the point of view of molecular development, and see to what extent the mathematical modeling of development might be helpful (chapter 7).
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Different Types And Treatment For Wounds
Wounds can be broadly categorized into various types. Each of these wound types require a different treatment. Various types and treatments for wounds are described as follows:
- Abrasions: A wound, in which a tissue’s superficial layer gets removed, as in case of first degree burns, can be termed as ‘abrasion’.
- Laceration: In this type of a wound, the tissue gets torn or cut.
- Contusion: In a contusion, the skin’s outer layer remains intact. The wound is mainly internal and may involve injury of the soft tissues and/or hematoma.
- Avulsion: In an avulsion, the tissue or a small section of it gets torn off partially or completely. In case of partial avulsion, the elevated tissue remains attached, while in absolute avulsion, it gets detached completely from the body.
The kind of wound treatment given to the patient depends on the type and severity of his/her wound. Quick healing is ensured by first cleaning the inflicted wound, and then stitching, wrapping, or bandaging it to prevent infection. In serious cases, a severe wound might even require surgery. Medicines are prescribed to the patient to avoid risk of the wound getting infected with bacteria.
Treatment for minor wounds like cuts, scrapes, etc. involve cleaning the wounded area with antiseptic solutions, like hydrogen peroxide or alcohol. This is followed by covering it with a commercially available stick-on bandage. Heavier bandages and stitches may be required for closing more severe, deep, open wounds, like the lacerations and avulsions.
For sprains and strains of any kind, treatments involve examining the injured area using X-Ray and then resetting bone or muscle into place by immobilizing it using a cast or crepe bandage.
More Articles :
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Cite Right, Second Edition
A Quick Guide to Citation Styles--MLA, APA, Chicago, the Sciences, Professions, and More
Thousands of students have turned to veteran teacher Charles Lipson for no-nonsense advice on how to cite sources properly—and avoid plagiarism—when writing their research papers. This new edition of Cite Right, the popular overview of all major systems of citation, has been updated to reflect the most current versions of Chicago, MLA, APA, and other styles, and to discuss citation methods in the rapidly changing context of the Internet, digital publishing, and e-books. Best of all, it’s very easy to use.
Lipson first explains why it is so important to use citations—and to present them accurately—in research writing. He then outlines the main citation styles students and researchers are likely to encounter in their academic work: Chicago; MLA; APA; AAA (anthropology and ethnography); CSE (biological sciences); AMA (medical sciences); ACS (chemistry); physics, astrophysics, and astronomy;and mathematics, computer science, and engineering. New sections have been added on IEEE and ASCE styles, often used in engineering. Each style is presented simply and clearly with examples drawn from a wide range of source types crossing all disciplines, from the arts and humanities to the sciences and medicine. The second edition has also been updated to include a discussion of the merits and pitfalls of citation software, as well as new examples showing proper citation style for video blogs, instant messages, social networking sites, and other forms of digital media.
Based on deep experience in the academic trenches,this thoroughly revised edition is intended to appeal to anyone—student, professional, or academic—who needs an efficient, authoritative guide for citing sources across a wide range of disciplines.
I Citations: An Overview
1 Why Cite?
2 The Basics of Citation
II. Citations in Every Format: A Quick Guide
3 Chicago (or Turabian) Citations
4 MLA Citations for the Humanities
5 APA Citations for the Social Sciences, Education, and Business
6 AAA Citations for Anthropology and Ethnography
7 CSE Citations for the Biological Sciences
8 AMA Citations for the Biomedical Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, and Dentistry
9 ACS Citations for Chemistry
10 Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy Citations
11 Mathematics, Computer Science, and Engineering Citations
12 FAQs about All Reference Styles
"This book's tight focus on when and how to cite sources and its broad variety of citation styles make it one volume that could be used by undergraduate students throughout their academic careers."—Choice
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Getting screened for colorectal cancer is important for the prevention and early detection of the disease. However, too many Americans who should be screened are failing to do so. In 2010, only 59% of Americans who should have been screened for colorectal cancer were, compared to 67% for breast cancer and 76% for cervical cancer.
During an optical colonoscopy, required every 10 years, a doctor inserts a scope into the colon to detect and remove small polyps that could potentially develop into cancer. The procedure itself is relatively easy but some shy away because of the colonoscopy prep that requires drinking laxatives in order to empty the bowels. A virtual colonoscopy, required every 5 years, still requires bowel cleansing, but is less invasive and only involves a CT scan.
The new method is an alternative for those people who are not getting tested because of the prep involved with either a standard optical or virtual colonoscopy. Patients are given a contrast dye a day or so before the procedure that “tags” the feces in their colon. The patient then has a virtual colonoscopy: the feces can be identified and digitally removed from the CT image. The Annals of Internal Medicine recently released a report that found a laxative-free virtual colonoscopy to be almost as effective as an optical colonoscopy at identifying larger-sized polyps.
The American Cancer Society has embraced the new virtual colonoscopy but the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force has not due to concerns about unnecessary exposure to radiation. There are also other non-invasive tests for colorectal cancer that do not require bowel cleansing. “The best test is the one that gets done,” according to Joanne Schottinger from Kaiser Permanente.
Read the full MSNBC article.
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You want to learn to sing, but you feel that you are too old to do it now. All the singing schools and teachers seem to be advertised towards preschoolers; how will I possibly learn to sing now?
The notion that you have to start learning to sing as a child to have any chance at improving your voice is a myth. The truth is that you can learn to sing at any age. In fact, there are singing lessons for older adults that you can benefit from in order to achieve great results.
Just keep a few things in mind as you try to learn singing as an older adult.
Following are a few ways you can practice your vocal muscles using simple techniques.
This may seem simple, but it is a very important step in learning to sing. You have to forget the deep breathing lessons about your chest, and start doing it from your belly. So place a hand on your stomach and feel it expand as you inhale. This means that you are using your lungs to their whole capacity and are breathing from the diaphragm. Practicing this alone will have a huge impact on your singing.
This is a very simple vocal workout. Not only does it help improve your voice, but it also exercises your respiratory system. All you have to do is grab a straw and hum into it. That’s it. Practice this for a few minutes every day, and you will start to notice great improvement in your voice. It helps stretch and strengthen the muscles that are responsible for your voice.
Another weird technique that will have a direct effect on your voice is practicing storytelling. If you are too shy to sing in public, you can sign up for gigs that allow you to tell a story. Not only will this help improve your stage confidence, it will also help open up your vocal cords to larger people. If you don’t want to sign up to go on stage right away, you can start practicing by reading aloud the morning newspapers every day before taking to the stage.
There are a lot of ways you can exercise your vocal muscles. Humming, tongue trills, lip buzz, yawning, loosening the jaw, singing along to Do Re Mi – everything can help you open up the muscles of your vocal cords. In fact, Do Re Mi from Sound Of Music is actually a great song to practice as well. Just remember to dedicate a time of your day specifically to these exercises, instead of doing them whenever you feel like it.
Now that you’ve learnt the basic voice techniques, it is time to invest in a proper teacher. They will help you improve your voice, as well as identify your mistakes and help you correct them.
But of course, everyone doesn’t have the time and means to hire a teacher or join a singing school. Good news is that you can learn to sing at home. In this case, you can start with an online course which will teach you singing lessons without you having to leave your home, and you can work at your own pace. 30 Day Singer is one such online course which is great to help you learn singing.
Learning to sing may seem like a difficult take, but it is actually very fun and easy if you get the hang of it. If you are passionate about music, then a little patience is worth the wait. So practice these lessons on a regular basis and you are sure to see amazing results within a short while. Just don’t give up!
For more great reviews and product insights, make sure you visit us at Red Diamond Audio or connect with us on social media!
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In 1949, when South Pacific debuted on Broadway, few extolled its messages concerning systemic racial prejudice as portrayed by American military service personnel. That portrayal was not limited to the military but intended to reflect a more commonly held view within the United States. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein were not known for expertise in education or race relations. But, in one moving scene, USMC Lieutenant Joe Cable (of Philadelphia) reveals an insight, a kind of epiphany, through his love for Liat, the daughter of a Tongan woman:
You’ve got to be taught
To hate and fear,
You’ve got to be taught
From year to year,
It’s got to be drummed
In your dear little ear
You’ve got to be carefully taught.
You’ve got to be taught to be afraid
Of people whose eyes are oddly made,
And people whose skin is a diff’rent shade,
You’ve got to be carefully taught.
You’ve got to be taught before it’s too late,
Before you are six or seven or eight,
To hate all the people your relatives hate,
You’ve got to be carefully taught!
The lyrics are a powerful reminder of the way in which the views of the dominant culture of the United States are transmitted by stereotypical characterizations of others as different. There is no suggestion that “taught” is limited to schooling; yet the process commences “before it’s too late, before you are six or seven or eight.” The teaching occurs “from year to year” and it is undertaken “carefully,” one presumes, so as not to offend openly.
The players are US military men and women from across the nation, small town origins such as Little Rock and Princeton, stationed in foreign locales where the populations are decidedly not small-town America. The message of South Pacific was amplified in 1958 with the opening of the film version, now reaching vast audiences beyond Broadway and London’s East End. Ensign (nurse) Nellie Forbush’s (Little Rock) unconscious reasons for rejecting her paramour, Emile De Beque, because his former wife was Tongan, are a prominent theatrical device, resolved only upon her realization that the earlier relationship, which produced two mixed-race children, would not corrupt her all-American moral code.
South Pacific offers a contemporary lesson as political debates rage over critical race theory (CRT) in school curricula. Now, politicians including Virginia’s new governor, Glenn Youngkin, have adopted placebo criticisms opposing the teaching of “divisive” themes in schools because CRT is, in fact, not being taught in Virginia schools. Surely, no responsible citizen wishes to have divisive material taught in schools. The questions arise from the lyrics regarding who is teaching and where the instruction is occurring. And, if it is being carefully taught, it must be assumed it is being carefully learned.
Critics assert that CRT encourages (inculcates, say some) negative self-stereotypes about whites. If, however, racism is being carefully taught in schools, what remedy or antidote exists? If racism is being carefully taught at home, those lessons are virtually immune from prescriptions originating outside the home. Strategically, if the country is adamant that “all men are created equal” and public schools are a crucial medium of the transmission of cultural values, inclusion of curricula to counter carefully taught “values” becomes a priority, even a necessity. Society as a whole has a deep, vested interest in education, public and private, sharing the responsibility for outcomes with parents and students.
It may very well be that CRT is not the best choice to accomplish this mission. On the other hand, banning divisive themes presents no solution and merely represents a political ploy for votes.
It may very well be that CRT is not the best choice to accomplish this mission. On the other hand, banning divisive themes presents no solution either and merely represents a political ploy for votes. Eliminating divisive themes only offers a deflection from the reality while consoling those who, for the moment, insist upon deciding curricular content as a right. Political leaders choosing sides in this debate are the best evidence of the absence of critical thinking. The bait-and-switch swindle over CRT treats parents like a Hitchcock audience, that is ultimately astonished to learn that the Maltese falcon is a MacGuffin, not the heart of the misdirection surrounding Sam Spade’s investigation into the murder of his partner.
Carefully taught from year to year, drummed into little ears at six, or seven, or eight, represents an insidious meme that negates the very values the United States publicly boasts, including having fought a Civil War over slavery and a world war to thwart a dangerous political movement based on race. We may not be able to teach our way past racism but, at the same time, we need to get past the embarrassment it causes to recognize it. That requires some critical thinking.
The governor of Florida is urging adoption of proposed legislation that would prohibit the teaching of material that makes people feel discomfort about race. The theory here is that CRT or training in workplace discrimination requires the denigration of whites. Whether it is divisiveness in Virginia or discomfort in Florida, the difficulty in directly addressing racism is as much emotional as it is political.
Efforts to abolish CRT or perceived divisiveness in schools without provision of curricula countervailing racism can reasonably be deemed permitting another form of division to prevail. That, too, requires critical thinking, a quality notably absent in the politisphere. Developing school curricula as an antidote to educate and inform young students about the divisiveness of racism requires a level of critical thinking among proponents that is at least equal to that of those who simply wish to avoid such thoughts.
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Yes, bearded dragon can eat celery leaves. However, celery is not the most nutritionally dense or beneficial vegetable you can feed your little lizard. Instead, adding celery and mixing it with other veggies will ensure that your lizard gets all the nutrients they need.
Everyone knows that vegetables are part of a balanced and healthy diet for animals and humans alike.
However, each body metabolizes and digests food differently, so it can be challenging to choose the right kind to feed them.
Please read on for more information on whether celery leaves should be part of your bearded dragon diet.
How Much Celery Leaves Can Bearded Dragons Eat?
Bearded dragons can eat only small servings of celery leaves once or twice a month. Celery and celery leaves are high in vitamins and minerals but are also high in water and digestive fiber. Excessive amounts could lead to a diuretic effect on your bearded dragon.
Celery has benefits for the heart and internal organs. It can help control blood flow and bowel movements.
Studies indicate that celery and celery leaves are some of the best forms of natural diuretics. The water and naturally occurring fiber are excellent for expelling excess water and other toxins from the body.
These are all wonderful positives; however, they could harm your bearded dragon. Thanks to its diuretic effects, celery might be rich in nutrients, but your beardie won’t absorb many of them.
Thus, when your bearded dragon eats these leaves every day, it may suffer excessive bowel movements.
This frequent consumption of celery could cause them to experience diarrhea or other harmful digestive issues.
Bearded dragons should only be given a few leaves a day along with other solid foods to avoid giving them digestive issues and malnutrition.
How Often Should You Feed Bearded Dragons Celery Leaves?
You should feed bearded dragons small amounts of celery leaves every few days when accompanied by other foods. You should avoid giving your bearded dragon celery leaves more than once a week. However, this estimate should consider the amount and the companion foods.
Variety is essential for your bearded dragon’s health and balanced well-being. The number of celery leaves you give your bearded dragon should reflect the rest of their diets. When you provide them with celery leaves, make sure you feed them grains and protein.
There is nothing wrong with occasionally feeding your bearded dragon celery and celery leaves as a treat 2-3 times a month.
But, you should never give them this by itself regularly. You should feed your beardie celery can every few days when added to other foods.
However, do not go overboard in this feeding. If you give your beardie 3-4 leaves in their pate, you should be fine, and they will get the nutrients.
Excessive diuretics could cause a massive loss of nutrients and thus cause your bearded dragon to suffer from malnutrition.
Are Celery Leaves Healthy for Bearded Dragons?
Celery leaves are healthy for your bearded dragon. They hold many micro and macronutrients that aid your bearded dragon’s digestive health and internal organ function. They are also an excellent way to stave off dehydration in your bearded dragon during the hot summer months.
Celery leaves are rich in antioxidants and many vitamins and nutrients, which aid in various health functions. Some of the essential nutrients they provide include:
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin C
It is difficult for your bearded dragon to get sufficient amounts of these vitamins. Celery leaves and celery stalks provide one of the most balanced sources of calcium and phosphorus for your bearded dragon.
Additionally, the antioxidants can help keep your bearded dragon fit and healthy. Antioxidants remove toxins and other damaging compounds from the human body. This benefit is also true for your little lizard and can help keep them lively and agile.
However, as I’ve explained previously, the diuretic effects of celery can counteract the nutritional value. This diuretic effect is why you are better off providing your bearded dragon with this vegetable combined with other beneficial plants and proteins.
Can Bearded Dragons Eat Raw Celery and Celery Leaves?
Your bearded dragon can eat raw celery and celery leaves with ease. It is also perfectly safe to cook your bearded dragon some celery and add it to their other food. But, this is not necessary, and your bearded dragon will likely enjoy fresh celery.
Several studies indicate that the body absorbs more nutrients from cooked celery than fresh.
However, the difference is minimal and differs between animals and humans. If your bearded dragon avoids this vegetable, it could help cook it in a dish for them.
Some recommended ways include:
- Making a nutritional broth
- Cooking it with meat pate
- Mix it in with other cooked veggies.
You can easily prepare a mixture of nutritious vegetables for your little lizard by sauteing them together as follows:
- It is essential to thoroughly wash and chop all the vegetables for your bearded dragon before feeding them.
- Place the chopped vegetables in a frying pan with some oil, such as peppers, carrots, celery, and kale. Do not use a lot of oil. Just enough to coat the pan.
- Continue stirring the veggies until they’re soft, and allow enough time for them to cool before feeding.
Bearded dragons do not have the teeth to chew and break down food as humans can. This lack of chewing ability makes it vital that you properly crush, cut, or otherwise prepare the food before they eat it.
Last, always make sure you thoroughly wash your bearded dragon’s food. Vegetables sometimes have pesticides and other contaminants which our bodies can process, but your lizard might not be able to.
If you’re very concerned about this, you might be better off buying organic vegetables for your little dragon.
How To Prepare Celery For Bearded Dragons?
First you need to take a raw celery stalk and then chop both sides and make it into small pieces so your pet bearded dragon would enjoy eating celery.
Any Health Benefits to Bearded Dragons Eating Celery?
Yes, celery contains antioxidants and many vitamins. It also has benefits for the heart and internal organs. It can help control blood flow and bowel movements.
Can Baby Bearded Dragons Eat Celery Leaves?
Yes, baby bearded dragons can eat celery and you may include it in bearded dragon’s diet. But only in small amount.
What Other Vegetables Can You Feed Your Bearded Dragon?
You can feed your bearded dragon other vegetables such as carrots, lettuce, kale, arugula, and other leafy green vegetables. You should avoid spicy peppers and strong vegetables such as garlic and onions. These can be difficult for your dragon to process and digest properly.
Variety is an essential part of your lizard’s diet and should include every food group.
Bearded dragons can consume a balance of vegetables if it’s not too many at once. Leafy greens are some of the best for your bearded dragon and hold the most essential nutrients.
Adding these to your bearded dragon’s cage once a week can ensure they have adequate calcium and potassium.
Likewise, adding a few pieces of chopped-up carrots and maybe celery or parsley can also give them a nutrient boost.
However, never give your bearded dragon onions due to their high acidic value. Onions contain other dangerous compounds which can harm your lizard, so make sure you keep them far away!
Bearded dragons are friendly little pets that are relatively easy to maintain with the proper knowledge. We hope you found this article helpful for planning your dragon’s daily diet. A few key takeaways to keep in mind are:
- Feed them celery once a week.
- Do not exceed this feeding schedule.
- Add celery to their food to increase absorption.
- Monitor your lizard’s bowel movements.
Letting your bearded dragon eat celery and adding it to their balanced diet will help your lizard absorb vital nutrients and aid digestion. Celery is perfectly safe as long as your lizards do not develop diarrhea or other digestive issues.
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Modern Comfort Food, The Furniture Version
By R.W. STEVENSON
Published: October 24, 2004
A NEW show at the Yale University Art Gallery offers a fresh look at domestic life in the Great Depression, when Americans yearned for the comforts of home to offset times that were bad in ways we've long since forgotten.
The theory of the show, ''Livable Modernism: Interior Decorating and Design During the Great Depression,'' is that as the economy plummeted in the 1930's, American consumers increasingly longed for the familiar in the objects surrounding them at home. Typical of this aesthetic was the Colonial Revival style, the most popular decorating fashion of the time.
But designers of the period had different ideas. They were becoming interested in working with materials that characterized the modern age -- like steel and chromium -- and in creating objects inspired by the simplicity and functionalism of such industrial products.
The answer, the show suggests, was livable modernism -- objects that combined the old and the new. A 1936 armchair designed by Russel Wright, prominently displayed in the exhibition, is the paradigm of this style, with its spare, lightweight modernist frame that holds deep, comfortable cushions upholstered in a nubbly, homespun-like material.
As Kristina Wilson, the show's curator, wrote in a book that accompanies and expands on the exhibition, ''Livable modernism is defined not only by its adherence to the belief that a simplified aesthetic could facilitate an enlightened lifestyle, but also by its respect for the physical and psychological comfort of the user.''
Ms. Wilson, an assistant professor of art history at Clark University in Worcester, Mass., coined the term ''livable modernism'' to describe the new decorating style. But, as she explained in an interview at Yale, the term also refers to the way the designers marketed their work. She said that as a scholar, she was as interested in how the products were marketed as she was in their artistic significance.
Ms. Wilson said that to an extent not seen earlier, modernist designers allowed their work to be shaped in part by marketplace demands, and also embraced up-to-date mass marketing tools aimed aggressively at the middle class, especially at women. Among these strategies were advertising campaigns in national magazines and radio, and through department stores.
''The result of this interaction,'' she wrote, '' is an overlapping of modernity with modernism -- that is, the overlapping of the structures of modern society with the forms created to interpret that society.''
On display at the exhibition are furniture and household items like glasses, clocks and tableware. The galleries are arranged to look like a house, with a living room, dining room and bedroom. The intention is to evoke daily life in the years before World War II. All the items are from Yale's substantial collection of American modernist designs of the 1930's.
The show explains the psychological appeal of the Colonial Revival style, which sprang into vigorous life in the 19th century, jump-started by the Centennial celebrations of 1876. To the American consumer, it offered a comforting vision of an idealized early America.
One of Colonial Revival's foremost proponents in the 1930's was Wallace Nutting, a minister turned entrepreneur who also collected and dealt in American antiques. ''Whatever is new, is bad,'' said Nutting, who has been called the Martha Stewart of his day.
Nutting, the subject of an exhibition last year at the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art in Hartford, shrewdly mined the subliminal pull of Colonial Revival, creating a multifaceted business empire based on its evocation of the past. Thomas Denenberg, a furniture historian who was the curator of the Wadsworth's show, called Nutting's enterprise ''a deft combination of myth and materialism'' in a book accompanying that show.
Modernist designers -- like Gilbert Rohde, Russel Wright, George Sakier and Lurelle Guild -- co-opted Nuttings's ideas to create the new style of livable modernism. Working with manufacturers like the Herman Miller and Conant Ball furniture companies, Fostoria Glass Company and the Aluminum Company of America, they produced modernist objects for every room in the house.
The products were mass produced, sold at affordable prices and distributed through department stores and other mass outlets.
The 20th-century advertising man David Ogilvy often said, ''The consumer is not a moron; she is your wife.'' The show recognizes how the marketing of these products was pitched to women.
''The consumer audience for home furnishings -- both livable modernism and Colonial Revival -- was predominantly female,'' Ms. Wilson wrote. ''In a continuation of the gendered roles of late 19th- and early-20th century families, housewives of the 1930's were usually expected to make the decorating decisions.''
To make their decisions, women counted on magazines like House and Garden, Good Housekeeping and American Home, all of which were filled with ''how to'' articles and crammed with advertisements for household objects, she said.
Ms. Wilson described herself as a generalist at heart, interested in the ''whole vast panoply'' of humanity's decorative and fine arts. She has done research on the antique English silver collection at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, and on Marsden Hartley and Alfred Steiglitz. Still, she said, ''puzzling over modernism in America is what gets me up in the morning.''
''Livable Modernism: Interior Decorating and Design During the Great Depression'' is at the Yale University Art Gallery, 1111 Chapel Street, New Haven, (203)432-0600, through June 5.
Photos: A 1933 cocktail set, designed by Howard Reichenbach, is among the modernist objects on display at Yale.; A 1936 chair, designed by Russel Wright, is on view at Yale in the ''Livable Modernism'' show.; Kristina Wilson, left, curator of ''Livable Modernism,'' and Lesley Tucker of Yale's art gallery, preparing for the show.A 1933 canape plate designed by Lurelle Van Arsdale Guild. (Photo by C.M. Glover for The New York Times)
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Geometry: An Archetypal Form of Communicationby
Eldon Taylor, Ph.D
The Picture of Sound
Years ago I noticed an uncanny correlation between mantras and mandalas. A mandala is the picture or symbol of an event or focus of worship, such as the Star of Bethlehem, and a mantra is a sound usually intoned for centering and contact such as ohm. When Handel wrote his classical Messiah, it was to celebrate the birth and life of Christ. When the hallelujah chorus is sung, a perfect five pointed star or Star of Bethlehem is produced. Did Handel knowingly create the music for this purpose? I don't believe so. Still, somehow he tapped into a form, a geometry, and intuited music that represented the geometry.
Geometry and Sound
My interest in this correspondence between the early pictorial interpretations of sound patterns and frequencies led me into a long and continuing research project. Just how often does sound correspond with form? Is there a sound to the DNA molecule? Could sound be generated from the geometry? In other words, could some mathematical method yield a geometry of creation?
For most, geometry is a boring subject studied in High School. For others, it is the sacred path to the Ultimate. For still others, it is a science that when applied outside of the realm of pure abstraction (mathematical theory) is both predictive and creative. That is, through the use of geometry, functional forces can be directed such as geomagnetic or electro-magnetic fields.
Geometry is the stuff of Pythagoras, Hermes, Thoth, and so many more mystical thinkers that it is hard to overlook. In every spiritual tradition, there is a path written in geometry. The Sufi, in their dance, the Hebrew in their Cabbalah, the Egyptian in their structures and sciences, the Greek in their brotherhoods, philosophy and universities, the Rosicrucian, the Mason, the Hindu, the Native American, and on and on all honor and employ geometry both as a science and a mystical path. Is it possible that a true archetype of a universal nature begins in geometry itself? In other words, is geometry the archetype?
Cymatics is the study of the sound of geometry (see my book, Subliminal Communication, p60-61). Early researchers used a stylus vibrating across a turn-table covered with fine sand to picture sound. The stylus was sensitive to frequency and signal strength. Thus, when a sound was played, the turn-table turned and the stylus vibrated. The result, a picture in sand. This method was laborious and time consuming, but it worked.
The Universe is kind and patient. For me, due to my interest in this work, the chore was made much easier. Today I have a remarkable device in my studio that is essentially a rotating arm full of light emitting diodes (LEDs). The LEDs are sensitive to frequency and signal strength. They are colorized across the spectrum to coincide with frequency length. As such, when I put a sound into the spinning light-bar, a color motion picture results. The continuous geometry of sound in real time.
Over the past five years, using this rotating light-bar, I have witnessed the math of the DNA helix, generated in sound through a special software program, reproduce the geometry of the helix on my light-bar. Indeed, using many of the rates from Radionic research, I have seen what I believe to be the organic geometry of cells, tissue, organs, and more--but save all this for another issue.
Geometry of Creation
Back to the point at hand, geometry appears to be not only an aspect of science and mysticism, but an archetype with the power of what might be called a morphogenic field. Biologists believe that morphogenic fields define the characteristics of species and species differentiation. In straight forward terms, it is the morphogenic field that accounts for why an acorn always becomes an oak.
The accomplished behavioral scientist, Carl Jung, is generally credited for the modern notion of archetypes. An archetype is an essential image that universally communicates without linguistic need. Dream images are often thought of as having representative meanings universal to all. These images are referred to as archetypes.
Archetypal imagery is powerful. It pulls at some level of consciousness in ways that are meaningful but usually difficult to describe in words. Geometrical archetypes exist everywhere and I am frankly puzzled as to why this is yet a basically unexplored area of science.
Let's digress a little at this point and look at a very brief history of geometry and science. It is instructive to realize that modern science has its beginning with Galileo Galilei. He was the first to carry out systematic experiments and to use mathematics to describe his work. To Galileo, mathematics was geometry. Actually, at the time of Galileo, there were two distinct forms of mathematics available. Geometry, and the math derived from early Indian mathematicians known after its Arabic name given by the Persians as algebra. Algebra is a system of equations as you all remember from your school days. Rene Descartes combined these two systems thereby producing pictures of equations in what is today known as analytic geometry. As important to science as this was, it nevertheless fell short of being able to deal with non-linear equations. This problem was solved by Isaac Newton a century later. To make a long story short, for various reasons mathematics tended away from geometry until recently. Jules Henri Poincare is credited with reversing this trend with a system of visual mathematics known as topology or "rubber sheet geometry". It is upon this system that the mathematics of complexity lie. It is also in this system of mathematics that chaos theory demonstrates a higher order. Now, it is not in the scope of our enquiry to spend the necessary time to adequately review mathematics, but for those of you interested, the best history, description and application of historical mathematics as applied to modern science that this author is aware of is given by Fritjof Capra in his marvelous book, The Web of Life.
Here is the reason for our digression. It is geometry that makes sense out of our most contemporary theories in the physical sciences. From the Nobel prize winning work of Prigogine and his theory of dissipative structures to the latest theories proposing an all life connectedness, a network of life, a one ecology of life, the Gaia Hypothesis, or the metaphor used by Capra, the web of life; the intelligent self organizing nature of the planet--nature as alive. These new theories are gaining prominence chiefly on the back of mathematical models/geometry that illustrate order arising from chaos. Not just order, but a higher order. It would seem that not only does the law of conservation (nothing lost) apply to nature, but when order seems to break down, it's really reorganization destined for a higher order. An apparently self organizing reorganization that reveals itself as a geometric process.
Geometry as a Primordial Archetype
I return to my question, is it possible that geometry is the primordial archetype? Is its elegance and simplicity capable of ordering everything in the universe? Is it due to this ancient intuited knowledge, noetic wisdom, that so many hold geometry as sacred? Could it be that when we know the form we discover the function? Is geometry the language of creation? Certainly many can and have shown the geometric progression from singularity to space/time universe. Indeed, multi-dimensional theories currently so popular in physics, including the string theory, our most promising hope for providing a general unified theory, are strongest in their appeal when laid open by geometry.
In my opinion, geometry is a fundamental archetype. It is also more.
To that end, after showing many the effect of geometrical shapes naturally organizing and changing, of fractals collecting into a higher order, of shape and color generating what many have perceived as the matrix, cookie cutter if you will, of all that we know in our physical world and much of what we theorize about, it was decided to join geometry with our patented Whole Brain® InnerTalk® technology and create video tapes.
As with anything, as the new product evolved, it was tweaked. In the end, the geometry vibrates in permutation to an amazing dance of color. It is stillness in motion to watch. The rotating kaleidoscope of colors are used to hide positive messages. Sometimes you see them as the color changes, but unless you still frame your video they do not normally reveal their entire word content. So maybe one sees the word "good" but misses the "I am" content in the sentence--at least consciously. Of course, the research shows your subconscious doesn't miss it.
The soundtrack, music and nature sounds, also carries the positive messages. Additionally, we added tones and frequencies with a canceling beat differential to entrain the brain, slow down brain wave activity, and produce a natural deep state of relaxation or altered consciousness. The best part--they work. Our trial subjects, bankers, businessmen, dental patients, secretarial and clerical persons, truck drivers and so forth have all reported the same absolutely mesmerizing affect followed by a sense of personal empowerment.
Geometry For Health?
For me, this is a beginning. The use of geometry holds many possibilities. Some of these are not abstract mathematical methods for scientists. Deep down I sense that the visual stimuli may even hold a new path to wellness. Perhaps, I have theorized, if the geometry of a healthy organ were presented together with its sound, that somehow the body would imitate, mimic, vibrate or sympathetically resonate to this sound picture and thereby restore its own health. Somewhat analogous to tuning a piano, tuning the body and mind through the sound picture of organic geometry.
You are here: Index The Esoteric Section
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Psoriasis has a long history. The name psoriasis was coined by a dermatologist Ferdinand von Hebra in 1841. It has been described by Hippocrates and initially felt to be a communicable disease or a punishment for sinful behavior. Evidence exists that some of the people afflicted with Biblical Leprosy may instead have had psoriasis. Since then the causes of psoriasis continued to evolve. Until recently, psoriasis was felt to be due to over active replication of skin cells. Only with new research has the evidence pointed to the fact that psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder. Maybe new research will point us in other directions.
There is a definite genetic predisposition in the development of psoriasis. From identical twin studies, if one of the twins has psoriasis, the chance the other identical twin will develop psoriasis is between around 70%. Currently, researchers have linked the disease to many genes, each of which appears to increase the risk of development of psoriasis. However, they are not the sole cause of psoriasis. There still appears to be an environmental trigger that affects psoriasis. While there are many theories of the trigger, the exact cause remains unclear.
The most commonly associated disease with psoriasis is psoriatic arthritis. Currently it is estimated that around 30% of all patients with psoriasis develop arthritis, with average age is in the mid to late 30’. 70% present after the development of skin lesions. Classically, it presents itself as joint stiffness in the morning and is a result of inflammation at the insertion of the tendon to the bone (enthesistis). In more severe cases, joint destruction can be seen. Arthritis mutilans is a rare extreme case of psoriasis where you lose much of your ability to move your joints. Many medications that treat psoriasis can also treat the arthritis and it is important you discuss both symptoms with your doctor.
Heart break of psoriasis: This was printed advertisement that first appears in Tegrin, a coal tar preparation. It has remained a commonly used phrase for psoriasis. Psoriasis has always been a challenge to treat and up until relatively recently, most treatments were either not effective, difficult to implement or considered too risky to use. Given this, many people who had psoriasis suffered quietly, wearing long sleeve shirt during hot summer days. Many gave up on treatment. This is bears out in data which show most people who have severe disease are not seeking treatment.
In addition, psoriasis can have significant effects on quality life. A National psoriasis foundation study showed psoriasis can affect various activities of daily living.
Finally there is increasing data showing that many with moderate to severe disease are not being treated aggressively.
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Music brings the Peña-Govea family together across generations. Decades ago, the grandmother of the family started a group that played Mexican and Latin American music in California’s Central Valley. The mother used to sing the music of the Appalachian mountains, returning to the roots of the land of her mother. And the father sang protest music in college. The couple taught their two daughters to play accordion and trumpet from a very young age, and now everyone int he family plays cumbia, Norteña music, Tex-Mex, and a large repertoire of other traditional Latin American music. Fernando Andrés Torres has this story about these three generations of extraordinary musicians in California. Juan Santiago also contributed to this story, which is part of the series Raíces: Stories About Grassroots Artists.
This entry is available only in Español
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This article aims to answer the questions related to seahorses’ diet. If you have a pet seahorse lingering quietly in your aquarium, you might be confused as to what to feed your wonderful sea pet. Some people ask the questions:
- What do seahorses eat?
- Do seahorses eat their babies?
- Do seahorses eat seaweed?
It cannot be denied that seahorses are not a common pet for most people. Here is a complete guide to help you feed your seahorse at home.
What do seahorses eat in captivity?
What do pet seahorses eat? If you have a captive-bred seahorse, it is okay not to feed them with live foods. Since they had not been exposed to the ocean and had their natural way of attacking their prey and sustaining themselves with foods, they are easier to adapt to frozen foods such as crustaceans, even if the seahorse is still young.
What do seahorses eat in the ocean?
On the other hand, a seahorse that had been harvested from the ocean will prefer live foods instead of frozen ones. It could be quite difficult for you to switch them to eating frozen foods.
As much as possible, you should feed them with marine-captured animals that are smaller than them and do not also limit their diet to one type of food. To stimuli, their mental condition, feeding a captured seahorse a variety of live marine creatures are highly recommended.
Do seahorses eat their young?
Contrary to popular belief, seahorses do not eat their babies! Young seahorses eat even smaller food such as copepods babies, but adult seahorses do not eat their young. So, do not worry if the male gives birth to his offspring because he will not eat his babies.
Do seahorses eat brine and shrimp?
Most seahorses eat brine shrimps. The seahorse’s eating habits will largely depend on the environment that they are exposed to. For instance, captive-bred seahorses are more than willing to accept frozen foods than other kinds of hunter seahorses.
Do seahorses consume frozen food?
Because more and more people found it exciting to have seahorses in their aquarium, they tend to feed them frozen shrimps instead of living foods. But always keep in mind that seahorses, especially young ones that had been first harvested from the ocean prefer live foods.
If you tend to ask yourself “What do seahorses eat in the ocean?”, You will most likely find yourself browsing through different kinds of small and live foods for seahorses. Therefore, before you decide to feed them any frozen foods, you should consider their condition first.
It cannot be denied that taking care of a seahorse in your house can be exciting and a new experience for most people.
So, if you want to raise a seahorse in your aquarium, you should first educate yourself about the right foods to feed to make sure that your seahorse will not only survive but will grow healthy and breed more of its species.
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Develop storytelling as a leadership skill
Great leaders use stories to establish emotional connection and inspire action. Powerful storytelling requires a command of what to say, how to frame it, and timing.
Learn how to tell the leadership stories that will move and shape your team and organization. Join Amanda Madorno, her herd of horses, and professional storyteller Doug Banner for three inspired days of storytelling development and practice.
Storytelling and horses
Horses tell and listen to stories through the language of the body. By reading our nonverbal communication and energy, horses show us what is and isn’t believable. They help us to learn what is most convincing to our listeners — not our words — but our physical presence. Horses will tell you what you need to shift to make your story credible and compelling.
Benefits & results
You’ll discover how to use the power of stories in your daily leadership, to speak with heart and meaning, and gain a stronger sense of how to bring your best self forward as a leader.
- Learn to tell and listen to stories.
- Discover your leadership story, and get grounded in that story.
- Develop clarity and the physical presence you need to authentically share your stories.
- Regsiter early – Only 12 spaces available for each session!
- This is a three day workshop. 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM each day.
- We take 45 minutes for lunch and two 20-minute breaks during the day.
- No horse experience is necessary and no riding is involved.
- Safe horse handling practices are thoroughly reviewed with participants.
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History of Interpretation
- What are four types of ancient Jewish exegesis and what person
or group is associated with the non-literal types?
- What type of exegesis did Jesus usually use?
- What about the Jewish way of conflating scriptures seems
strange to modern readers?
- What about the apostles' way of referring to Old Testament
scriptures seems disturbing to modern readers?
- In what two ways does Paul use the word "seed"?
- What two famous interpreters of scripture were from
Alexandria? What method of interpretation did they use?
- Do you think that any of Augustine's twelve principles of
interpretation are of questionable validity? If so, which
- What city from the ancient world was noted for grammatical-
historical interpretation? What individual caused it to be
brought into disrepute?
- What were the four levels of Medieval exegesis?
- What two individuals of the Reformation are mostly
responsible for calling the use of allegory into question?
- The rise of what philosophical position called the scriptures
- What was Schleiermacher's view of inspiration?
- How was the main question of interpretation changed by
- What position does neo-orthodoxy occupy in its view of the
- When did the "new hermeneutic" emerge? Who was the leading
biblical scholar advocating the "new hermeneutic"?
- What word is used to refer to imparting the reader's meaning
into the text?
Last Updated March 25, 2002
Page maintained by
Copyright © 2002 Bruce Terry
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If offered a choice, would you rather have principles or principals?
A principle is a fundamental or general truth. It might also be the original (fundamental) source of something.
America's principles establish religious liberty as a fundamental right.
Microsoft principle group manager selling Issaquah 4BD
In principle refers to something in its fundamentals without all the details worked out:
After just one hearing, Arroyo's bill penalizing drunk driving and five other similar bills were approved "in principle" by the committee on transportation.
Principal, on the other hand, is the person with the highest authority in a group, such as a school principal or the principal investor in a company. It is also the original sum of money or assets invested or lent:
An Israeli high school principal has been summoned for a hearing by the country's Education Ministry.
Jan van Eck serves as a director and principal at the firm.
The FHA refinance plan for homeowners may allow for principal reductions and underwater refinancing opportunities for those who qualify.
If you remember that the principal is your pal, you'll be able to choose your words well.
- Rate this article:
In principle describes a basic idea. If your mother supports your travel plans in principle, she likes the idea of you getting out and seeing the world — though this could change when she sees the cost of the trip. Continue reading...
For an adjective that points to the main or most important thing, your best choice is principal. Is your principal goal for the summer to have fun or to earn some extra money? Continue reading...
A principle is a kind of rule, belief, or idea that guides you. You can also say a good, ethical person has a lot of principles. Continue reading...
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Many of the users of the electric lawn mowers would fancy at the neat manner in which they work without taking time to go deep into the details of how the appliance works. While electric lawn mower motors may not be within sight, the role they play may be bigger in essence than may be assumed by many.
An electric lawn mower motor, like the other motors uses the principle of magnetism and movement in ensuring that the much needed movement, especially of the mower blades is achieved.
This is achieved by passing the current from one end of the electric motor rod, which comes from the electric source and converting it into the kinetic energy at the next end giving some propeller action.
How the motor works
Cordless electric lawn mowers use an alternating current (AC) while the corded ones are known for using the direct current (DC). The AC current is virtually electric power emanating from a battery source and is known this way for its manner of action, while the DC is an electric current from an electric power grid
Most of the DC propelled motors are made in the form of different strands of wires at the center of which are a metal ring (a commutator) divided into two halves. The role of each halve is to ensure that the electric current passing through the coil of wires is reverse at any instance it passes. In simple terms, the electric coil rotates each time at half turn and is reversed.
Because of the attachment which the coil has with each end of the commutator, there is a connection between the current and the power source, in this case a cordless source. The feeding of the current from the commutator to the loose wire strands, called the brushes makes the whole difference. As the brushes brush the commutator, it creates a situation of continuity which is the principle of commutation to pass the current back and forth. The whole of this system is known as a rotor.
The force of each turn on the motor is what usually determines the torque in most of the electric lawn mower power supply scenarios. The torque can be increased at will provide the field of commutation has been created. This is best done using a more powerful magnetic force and thicker wire strands than the one previously used on the coil.
However, the use of AC motors is usually different as it tries to create a rotating magnetic field which then ensures that the electric current is continuous. It is worth noting that diverse electric lawn mowers use different designs of motors which in turn make them to have different efficiency levels.
What role does the electric lawn mower motor play?
It drives the lawn mower blade! Looking at all these, one is likely to appreciate the fact that the DC and the AC powered electric lawn mower motors have different efficiency levels. Though the AC powered electric lawn mower motor may work just as good, it may not be comparable to the power of the DC electric lawn mower motors.
It is for this reason that the corded electric lawn mowers are considered to be better used in situations where the grass is a bit taller because of the power (torque) they have on the blades. The contrast is also clear, most of the cordless electric lawn mowers are recommended to be used in areas where the grass is shorter.
Additionally, the motor power is found to influence the area which the lawn mower covers as it mows. Most of the corded mowers, in spite of the several other limiting factors are better off in larger lawn when we compare them to the cordless electric lawn mowers.
The weaker the motor, the less time it may take in its operational lifespan and that is common with the cordless lawn mowers whose lifespan is usually shorter, especially if you consider the diverse user reviews talking about them. In addition to the fact that the AC motors run for shorter periods before needing rest, they are not durable as well.
In contrast, the corded electric lawn mower torque is usually higher and is bound to work for longer without the motor breaking down, giving the user that ultimate satisfaction of the mowing process. These are also in most cases known to give a better account of them at the end of it all in terms of neatness.
The electric lawn mower motor which in most cases is a tiny object and can be easily assumed, determines how well you are bound to find satisfaction with your electric lawn mower.
At purchase, you need to check carefully on the properties of the electric lawn mower, but above all check on the type of electric lawn mower you are buying. Some electric lawn mowers are fitted with stronger motor, not by default; it is by choice though most users understand not!
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|karma level 71118|
Republic Day marks the adoption of India's republican constitution in 1950 - three years after independence from Britain
French President Nicholas Sarkozy was the guest of honour at the parade during which India's latest military hardware was displayed.
Tens of thousands of people gathered in the centre of Delhi, once the heart of India's colonial past.
In Bangalore, Indian school children performed a drama based on the Indian struggle for independence.
Indian soldiers from the Light Maratha Infantry performed a traditional sport called Malkhumb.
Tight security was in place, especially after calls to boycott the day by separatists fighting Indian forces in Kashmir.
The parades were also a chance for India to display it's military might.
Soldiers in colourful headgear marched smartly, while India's latest weapons - including nuclear missiles - were also on display.(BBC)
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The Role of Immune System
The Immune System protects us from invasion of bacteria, viruses, Candida, therefore it protects us from becoming sick.
If we do become ill, the Immune System quickly organizes an army of white blood cells to come and help the organs to heal. If the Immune System is too weak to help in your recovery, some of the defected cells get unnoticed. These cells have damaged DNA. Their genetic material is no longer compatible with our own DNA. These unnoticed cells have the ability to multiply in an uncontrolled rate that can’t be turned off. Soon a cluster of undifferentiated cells develops that may lead to cancerous growth.
Weak Immunity also leads to development of other chronic condition from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, Rheumatoid Arthritis and a range of inflammatory conditions.
Any damage (mutation) to our DNA leads to weakness in the Immune System.
What causes damage to our DNA?
–chemicals (example: mercury in vaccinations is a neurotoxin that causes damage to our nervous system)
-GMO food – Glyphosate
-excessive Electromagnetic field exposure ( microwaves, wireless )
-stimulants ( coffee, alcohol, sugar, tobacco, drugs )
All of these stressors cause acidic cellular environment that causes deprivation of oxygen in the cells
What should we do to protect ourselves from getting sick?
We have to strengthen our Immune System, so it can fight for us and heal us from the inside out in acute or chronic conditions.
Follow these basic steps:
Balance your ph
-eat more vegetables, sprouts and fruits
-increase sea weed intake to obtain more Omega 3 fatty acids
-drink alkaline juices and smoothies
(juices flush old and dead cells out of your body and help to dissolve heavy build ups of toxic matter and calcifications)
-increase Enzyme and Probiotic intake!!!
-increase fermented foods: sauerkraut
-increase intake of onion and garlic (they have antimicrobial quality)
-reduce / eliminate stress
Limit or Eliminate
– acidic foods (especially sugar )
– animal protein intake (especially dairy and meats)
– coffee (Read 1998 “Caffeine Blues Wake up to the hidden danger of America’s number 1 drug” by Stephen Cherniske). He pulls together all the latest research & details the full scope of caffeine’s detrimental effect on our physical, mental & emotional well being
-absolutely eliminate soft drinks and simple sugars (diet coke-contains Aspartame and at the
86.9 degree F decomposes to Methanol and Formaldehyde that are very toxic. These chemicals are listed as known carcinogens (our body temp is 98.6 degree F)
-absolutely do not eat GMO foods-read the labels
Check your home for mold
-check your home, especially the basements for wet environment ( remember fungus likes moist and dark conditions)
-avoid peanuts (they may contain aflatoxins-a form of fungus that weakens immunity)
-do not eat fruit that just started to spoil
Check your home for presence of electromagnetic field and geopathic stress
Drink enough pure water-proper hydration boosts your immunity
Install shower heads that remove chlorine from the water
Fast one day per week ( may do fresh juice fasting-ask me for details )
Consume good quality green food supplements, vegan protein powders, professional brands of supplements, especially superior quality of Enzymes and Probiotics which are the key to proper digestion and absorption of foods.
Supplements can be easily tested on you by your Naturopathic Practitioner
Always check your options first when you battle headaches, frequent colds, fatigue, pains, as some home remedies may help you before you reach for over the counter medications.
MOST OF ALL:
Create a peaceful environment and surround yourself with positive people.
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I was able to attend the 2012 robot competition of the American Society of Agricultural & Biological Engineers (ASABE) recently. When did agricultural engineering students start studying robots? Just as students in any field need to know about computers, it seems robots too are becoming ubiquitous. This year's contest was designed to encourage students to think about ways robots could solve agricultural problems such as optimizing distribution of feed in cattle lots. Read on for photos and more info about the contest.
The competition field is intended to represent a scale model of a cattle feed lot containing many cattle pens. Within each pen is a feed container. The robot's job is to read feed allotments from a flash card provided at the start of the run and distribute the correct amount of feed into each pen's feed container. Feed is simulated by 6mm Airsoft pellets. Judges score the robots based on both the speed and accuracy. The weight of each feed container is measured after a run. Robots lost points if they collided with fences or walls, or if the they required hands-on assistance from a human during a run.
The feed pellets complicated the competition in a way I've not seen in other types of events. If a robot missed a feed container and dumped a load of feed pellets onto the playing field, it created a constantly changing area of small obstacles that the robot had to move through.
I was also impressed by the range of feed dispensing mechanisms the contestants came up with, ranging from elegant and simple to over-engineered Rube Goldberg contraptions.
You can see more photos of the event in my flickr set: ASABE Student Robotics Contest 2012. I also wrote a bit more about the event in the October issue of SERVO Magazine.
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By Randall Palala
Fitzgerald Elementary School, 5th grade
Optical Illusions can use color, light and patterns to create images that may be deceptive or misleading to our brains. The information gathered by the eye is processed by the brain, creating a perception that in reality, does not match the true image.
Op art, short for optical art, is a style of visual art that uses optical illusions. Op artworks are abstract, with many better known pieces created in black and white. Typically, they give the viewer the impression of movement, hidden images, flashing and vibrating patterns, or of swelling or warping.
Using perspective, a method of representing the illusion of volume in three-dimensional objects and depth of space on a two dimensional surface.
Students use Atmospheric Perspective which is the use of gradations of color, overlapping, and relative degrees of detail to suggest an impression of depth. They use linear perspective to suggested lines that converge on a vanishing point or points on the horizon or at eye level.
1.3 Learn and use appropriate vocabulary related to methods, materials, and techniques
1.4 Learn to take care of materials and tools and to use them safely
2.2 For line, explore the use of line in 2D and 3D works Identify a wide variety of types of lines in the environment and in artwork.
2.5 For pattern and symmetry, explore the use of patterns and symmetrical shapes in 2D and 3D works Identify patterns and symmetrical forms and
2.6 For space and composition, explore composition by creating artwork with a center of interest, repetition, and/or balance
2.7 For color, use and be able to identify hues, values, intermediate shades, tints, tones, complementary, analogous, and monochromatic colors
2.11 For space and composition, create unified 2D and 3D compositions that demonstrate an understanding of balance, repetition, rhythm, scale, proportion, unity, harmony, and emphasis. Create 2D compositions that give the illusion of 3D space and volume
2.14 Review systems of visualizing information and depicting space and volume, for example, scale and vanishing point, linear, atmospheric, and isometric perspective; and create works using these systems
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There is a fair amount of confusion between the commonly used definition of discrimination and how the law actually defines discrimination. The legal classification of discrimination defines it as the unequal or hostile treatment of an individual or group of individuals based on certain characteristics.
A Brief History About Workplace Discrimination
Workplace discrimination in the United States came to light in the mid-20th century with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. During the Civil Rights Movement, commonly persecuted groups, such as women and African Americans began protesting their lack of rights within the workplace.
Without legal protections, targeted groups were often stuck in dead-end positions with poor working conditions. Individuals often were subject to humiliating and hurtful abuse based on their skin color, gender, marital status, and other perceived deficiencies.
In the decades following, California has remained at the forefront of protecting groups under workplace discrimination and employment laws.
While legal protections were stepped up dramatically over the years following the chaotic era of the Civil Rights Movement, aspects of discriminatory behavior persist in both purposeful, malevolent and unintentional, ignorant forms.
In 2018, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) resolved a full 90,558 charges of discrimination and secured $505 million for victims of unfair treatment. In 2017, the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing (DFEH) settled 888 cases and netted nearly $13 million in settlements for victims. Here our some of our own firm's achievements in employment law cases.
The Purpose of this Guide
This guide is meant to assist both employees and employers with understanding the basics of anti-discrimination laws in both the United States and in California. This guide also provides advice for groups and individuals to both recognize discrimination and seek the necessary legal action when facing discrimination in the workplace.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: What is Workplace Discrimination?
Chapter 2: Types of Workplace Discrimination
Chapter 3: Identifying Workplace Discrimination
Chapter 4: Discrimination Laws in California
Chapter 5: How to Prevent Workplace Discrimination
Chapter 6: Responding to Discrimination
Chapter 7: Hiring a California Workplace Discrimination Lawyer
Chapter One: What is Workplace Discrimination?
The Legal Definition of Workplace Discrimination
Workplace Discrimination is the unfair or biased treatment of a protected classification or group based on their specific characteristics. Further classifications are expanded upon in Chapter two.
When Does Employer Discrimination Start?
Workplace discrimination can take place anywhere from the application process and initial stages of hiring to the eventual termination and anywhere in between. We'll expand on these various stages in Chapter three.
Preventing Discrimination in the Workplace
As an employer, focus on preventative measures. Make sure all employees and leadership understand discriminatory behavior will not be tolerated. If complaints arise, make sure you have the policy and infrastructure in place to quickly handle the situation and prevent it from escalating.
As an employee, make sure you are well versed in what constitutes workplace discrimination, harassment, and bullying. Read the Employee Handbook and research your federal and state employment laws. Know what your rights are and how you may be protected by the law.
If you experience what you believe to be discriminatory behavior, make sure to follow proper guidelines and seek legal guidance if needed.
For further preventative and responsive efforts, refer to chapter five and six.
Common Misconceptions About Workplace Discrimination
Is being mean grounds for a discrimination suit?
We've all dealt with grouchy, unhappy, and generally unpleasant colleagues, employers, and subordinates. They may have, in fact, discriminated against you for one thing or another: being a smoker, liking cats, or being talkative or quiet. However, unless you were treated harshly or unfairly due to a characteristic covered under the law, it may not apply under anti-discrimination laws.
I was fired! Do I have a case against my employer?
Termination from a position is not fun for anyone. You may feel like your employer was unfair and treated you poorly, but unless you can prove that the termination was specifically done as a retributive act or once again due to a characteristic by federal or state laws, a legal case against your employer will not go far.
Reverse Discrimination Doesn't Exist!
While you may feel differently, every citizen in the United States is protected under the law. Certain groups may not be viewed as the typical targets of discrimination yet are still protected by anti-discrimination laws. If any group or individual are treated unfairly or differently based on their legally protected classifications, they also have grounds for action against their employers.
I was just joking around! That's not bullying!
While you may not think so, the law says differently. If you are making insensitive comments on a consistent basis, even in jest, the targets of those comments may file complaints against you. Your employers can take action against you in order to ensure the comfort of other employees and protect themselves against potential lawsuits in the future. If you are the employer, your employees may resort to legal action on the grounds of harassment, bullying, and discrimination.
Chapter Two: Types of Workplace Discrimination
We have already discussed legal classifications and how they apply to the law in the previous chapters, but what exactly are these classes?
The most common types of discrimination include:
- Sexual orientation
Less Commonly Known Protections
However, there are many more protected classes covered under both state and federal laws, including:
- Gender expression/gender reassignment
- Country of Origin
- Immigration Status
- Medical Condition
- Veteran Status
- Failure to Accommodate
Additional Protections in California
In California, we have further added the following classes for protection under state law:
- Mental health disability
- Genetic information
- Marital Status
- Political activities/affiliations
- Status as a victim of domestic violence, assault, or stalking
Individual cities may also have their own protected classes. In San Francisco, for example, weight and height are both protected classes. Research your city's policies on protected classes, and if need be, seek out lawyers for harassment and discrimination if you believe you have been mistreated based on one of these classifications.
Chapter Three: Identifying Workplace Discrimination
Two Types of Discrimination Cases
There are two primary types of discrimination cases: Disparate Treatment and Disparate Impact.
You can primarily differentiate the two by determining if they are intentional and meant to harass, bully, or otherwise mistreat you, or simply an unintentional policy that disproportionately affects members of a certain classification. In the former case, it is classified as Disparate Treatment, in the latter, Disparate Impact.
Disparate Treatment discrimination is what most people consider when they think of workplace discrimination. It is a targeted and specifically purposeful treatment of an individual or group of individuals based on characteristics falling under the legally protected classes.
Some Examples of Disparate Treatment
- Denial of promotions or raises
- Harassment based on protected characteristics
A scenario may include relegating workers of a protected class to the less favorable positions in the firm.
Disparate Impact discrimination is typically a ‘neutral' policy that primarily impacts employees in a protected class, either positively or negatively.
An Example of Disparate Impact
A company may implement a test to determine suitability for promotion. However, this test may inherently disqualify foreign-born, or disabled employees due to cultural or physical barriers.
Unless the test is absolutely necessary for the work being performed, this policy falls into the legal territory of workplace discrimination.
Expanding on the Lesser-Known Workplace Discrimination
Failure to Accommodate
This common discrimination law is often ignored by companies which fail to provide reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities, religious preferences, or those who need lactation breaks.
What to Know About Failure to Accommodate?
- The employer must provide accommodations which will effectively allow the employee to perform their job tasks without imposing an undue hardship on the company.
- Employers may not need to provide specific accommodations requested by the employee, but an interactive engagement with the employee to discuss their capability to perform job tasks is mandated by law.
- From the beginning, companies must provide reasonable accommodations to help disabled applicants complete the initial application.
- Companies are not required to lower performance or productivity standards as long as they have made these reasonable accommodations. However, if you were injured at work, other protections may apply in that scenario.
Companies are limited in many ways in order to ensure discrimination does not affect the hiring process.
Under EEOC regulations, companies may NOT do the following:
- Advertise jobs based on protected classifications.
- Refuse to give applications to people under protected classes.
- Refuse to hire based on stereotypes.
- Judge job referrals on the basis of protected classes.
- Inquire about the nature or severity of disabilities during the hiring process. Once the disabled person is hired, the employer can then inquire about these items.
If a company did not take steps to prevent or stop colleagues or other employees from engaging in discriminatory behavior, harassment, or bullying, the company may become liable for the actions of its employees.
A major issue at many companies is retaliation. If an employee is filing complaints, reporting to federal or state agencies or even filing a discrimination lawsuit, and is subsequently terminated, that could be a case of retaliation. Retaliation is unlawful and a company should never terminate an employee, just for reporting discrimination in the workplace. Proving retaliation can be difficult, which is why it's helpful to hire a wrongful termination attorney. Here are some other red flags of retaliation.
Some companies may fail to provide the legal minimum of maternity leave. In fact, employers are required under federal law to provide up to 12 weeks of maternity leave. In California, expecting mothers who are experiencing disabilities due to pregnancy are allowed 4 months of disability leave, as well as a reasonable amount of accommodation leave if they experience pregnancy or birth-related disabilities after the baby is delivered.
If a company punishes new and expectant mothers with demotions, denials of pay raises and promotions, or otherwise treats the employee differently, they may be liable for discrimination.
Real Life Examples of Workplace Discrimination
1. In 2018, an Ex-Ford Motor Company employee successfully sued the automobile manufacturer for $17 million on the basis of discrimination for his racial background. The engineer accused his supervisors of unfair treatment due to his Middle Eastern background and accent. The employee contested, that supervisors consistently berated and criticized him for not speaking ‘proper' English and explained how he was put into demeaning and servile positions despite his Ph.D. in industrial engineering.
2. In the Supreme Court case Griggs v. Duke Power Co. (1971), the plaintiff accused the company of requiring unnecessary education requirements and I.Q. tests to specifically exclude African American applicants. The Supreme Court sided with the plaintiff, and the tests were subsequently banned.
3. In a later Supreme Court case, Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1989), the Supreme Court heard a case where the plaintiff was discriminated against on the basis of sex-based stereotypes. The Court determined that employment discrimination based on sex stereotypes was unlawful discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Chapter 4: Discrimination Laws: Federal vs. California
While federal laws were initially put into place by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and were slowly expanded over time, individual states were also allowed to expand laws upon the limited protections given by the federal government.
California quickly took the lead in expanding Workplace Discrimination protections with the Fair Employment and Housing Act.
Purpose of Anti-Discrimination Laws
Anti-discrimination laws were created to protect the civil rights of all citizens of the United States. In the country's turbulent history, widespread discriminatory practices violated the rights of many groups of people and led to a great deal of violence and suffering.
After the Civil Rights Movement influenced the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, these laws have come to protect citizens' rights in all manners of life, from military service to the workplace. Initially only covering race, color, religion, sex, and national origin, federal laws have expanded over the years to cover a number of other protected classifications
5 Federal Anti-Workplace Discrimination Laws
1. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibits discrimination by employers on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
2. Equal Pay Act
Requires employers to give men and women equal pay for equal work.
3. Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Disallows companies from discriminating based on the age of an employee or applicant.
4. Americans with Disabilities Act
Bars companies from discriminating against people with disabilities during any part of the employment process.
5. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
Bans the use of an applicant or employee's genetic information as an impetus for employment decisions.
California State-Specific Workplace Discrimination Laws
The primary state-specific law in regard to workplace discrimination in California is the Fair Employment and Housing Act of 1980, which combined the Fair Employment Act of 1959 and the Rumford Fair Housing Act of 1963 to establish an organization to guarantee employment and housing rights for Californian citizens.
Since its inception, it has expanded the protected classes to include the following:
- Mental or Medical Disabilities
- Political Affiliation
- Sexual Orientation
- Military or Veteran Status
- Status as a Victim of Domestic Violence, Assault, or Stalking
- Gender Identity and Expression,
- Undergoing Gender Reassignment.
Comparing Federal and California Workplace Discrimination Laws
For Federal anti-discrimination laws, companies typically need to employ 15 or more employees to be subject to the law.
In the case of age-related discrimination practices, firms need to employ 20 or more individuals to qualify as being under the purview of anti-discrimination laws.
In California, however, anti-discrimination laws of all types are applied to any firm that has 5 or more employees. There is no distinction between age-related and other types of discrimination under the Employment and Housing Act.
Exemptions Under Workplace Discrimination Laws
In order to be exempt from anti-discrimination laws on both the federal and state level, an organization must meet very stringent and specific qualifications.
As such, there are very limited cases in which a firm or organization can be exempt from anti-discrimination laws.
Common exemptions include the following:
Religiously Affiliated Organizations
Religiously affiliated organizations, such as churches, hospitals, and schools, are exempt from federal and state level discrimination on the basis of religion. In other words, religiously affiliated organizations can discriminate their hiring practices on the basis of religion.
For example, a Catholic-based organization is allowed to only hire adherents to the Catholic faith.
Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications
In cases where some level of discrimination is absolutely essential for the performance of the primary duties of a position, organizations may do so.
For example, firefighters are required to perform certain physical acts in order to carry out their duties, which may require the screening of certain applicants who are less physically able. Firms and organizations need to prove that these qualifications are essential to the job in order to be exempt.
Communist Party Affiliation
Despite political affiliation protections under state law, in almost every setting, Communist Party members are exempted from anti-discrimination laws.
Chapter 5: How to Prevent Workplace Discrimination
For both employees and employers, the best method of combating workplace discrimination is preventing it from happening in the first place.
Prevention for Employers
Make Expectations Clear
For employers, prevention starts with a well written, clear, and thorough Employee Handbook that details the firm's guidelines on what does and doesn't constitute discriminatory behavior, harassment, and bullying. Let employees know that corrective action will be immediately taken if it is reported that they are engaging in such behaviors.
Provide Consistent Training
Training in awareness and behavior-avoidance is an effective prevention method. While hateful conduct still very much exists, most discriminatory behavior comes from a general lack of awareness on the part of the organization and its employees. Establish a training schedule for employees within every level of the organization to give them the tools they need to self-correct any behavior that might get them, and by extension of the company, in legal trouble.
Give Employees Outlets to Report
Make sure your employees are aware of the options they have to report offensive, discriminatory, or other behaviors associated with Anti-discrimination laws. If your employees know they have inter-organizational pathways for making their complaints known, they will be less likely to resort to legal action in the future.
Uphold Quality Policies
Adoption of policies that are proven methods of lessening personal bias and discrimination is also a worthwhile pursuit. Make hiring, promotions, and payment adjustments as objective as possible by using a ‘blind' appraisement of candidates, where their names and personal information is hidden from the reviewer. This practice can help eliminate any kind of hidden bias or prejudices from causing undue harm to the organization.
Prevention for Employees
Understand Company Policies
The best method of prevention for employees is to be aware of their rights under the law and within the organization. As the employer's first action toward workplace discrimination prevention is providing a solid Employee Handbook, the employee's first preventative action should be to carefully review the Handbook in order to familiarize themselves with their employer's policies.
Be aware of how discrimination, harassment, and bullying are defined by the company and what steps they offer to ameliorate the situation.
Every organization falling under the purview of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) or Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA) is required to hang a poster that details anti-discrimination laws and the steps employees can take to report discrimination to the proper agency. An employee interested in preventing workplace discrimination in California should make themselves familiar with the location of the poster and the information it contains.
Finally, the EEOC and FEHA both contain sizeable documentation that specifies what does and does not qualify as workplace discrimination. For any employee interested in discriminatory policy and behavioral prevention, these materials will assist in helping understand their rights, identify problematic behavior, and provide pathways towards reporting and arbitration.
Chapter 6: Responding to Discrimination
If during your research, you determine workplace treatment falls within the purview of workplace discrimination, your next steps must be made very carefully. You must follow the guidelines set by your organization for reporting and handling such situations before reporting it to federal and state authorities and beginning the litigation process. If not, it's possible the case may not make it for judicial review.
What to do if you experience discrimination in the hiring process?
Firms and organizations are barred from basing their hiring decisions on characteristics associated with protected classes. If you believe you were not hired or considered for a position based on your class, you may have grounds for a complaint and eventual lawsuit against the organization that did not hire you.
Hiring lawsuits are very difficult to file and prosecute. Most of the time there is little evidence to show why you were passed over. Unless you have hard evidence, like testimony from a contact within the offending entity, hiring lawsuits are a tough sell to many judges. In most cases, you should consult an employment law attorney who specializes in harassment and discrimination to see if there's any chance of winning your case.
What to do if you experience discrimination while working for the employer?
Notify Your Employer
This is where familiarizing yourself with the company's policies comes into play. If the organization provides you with an avenue to submit complaints, use them. In many situations where workplace discrimination occurs from a colleague, superior or subordinate, the company will work with you to ensure that the behavior is corrected.
This step is important because the EEOC has determined in the past that companies who are unaware of the behavior are not legally liable. If you plan on taking legal steps against the firm, it must be aware that the discriminatory behavior in the first place. However, if harassment regularly took place over a number of years, it's still not too late.
Ways You Can Often Notify Your Company of Discrimination
- HR department
- File an anonymous complaint/work hotline
- Fill out the necessary forms to alert your company
- Inform superiors whom you trust to help rectify the situation
Start Documenting and Collecting Information
While taking the above steps, make sure you are collecting as much evidence as possible in case it comes to an investigation.
Email correspondence, the written testimony of colleagues that support you, and other information that provides credence to your claims will help any future action you may take against the company, or simply help the inter-organizational authorities who deal with the offending behavior.
Report Behavior to State or Federal Organizations
If you have experienced discriminatory behavior and want to act, be aware of the statutes of limitation on how far in the future you may report it.
- For the EEOC, you must contact an EEO counselor to report the discrimination within 45 days.
- For the FEHA, you must submit an intake form within one calendar year.
If the organizations have failed to issue a decision, you have 180 days to file a lawsuit after the EEOC has failed to issue and a full calendar year for the DFEH.
Reporting a Notice of Lawsuit
If you have taken the appropriate action to notify the firm about the offensive and unlawful behavior and they have not taken any steps to correct it, you should then move to filing either a complaint with the EEOC and DFEH (Department of Fair Employment and Housing) or obtain a Right-To-Sue notice if you plan on filing your own lawsuit.
- For the EEOC, you must interview with an EEO Counselor in order to determine if there's a case and how you should proceed with the suit. Once the final interview has taken place, you may file a formal complaint and proceed with the suit.
- For the DFEH, you fill out an intake form that matches the type of discrimination that you've experienced, then submit it either via email or post office.
What to do if you were terminated from the position?
Retaliatory termination is one of the most commonly alleged bases of discrimination reported to the EEOC. Retaliatory actions taken against you after filing complaints either within the organization or with the EEOC or DFEH are prohibited by the law, so if you believe you were wrongfully terminated for speaking out against discriminatory practices in the organization, report it immediately to the authorities.
Alternatively, you may also immediately contact a wrongful termination attorney to discuss if there's enough proof to take your lawsuit to court.
Chapter 7: Hiring a California Workplace Discrimination Lawyer
In almost every case where an individual experiences workplace discrimination, their standing would be substantially improved if they consulted a lawyer who specialized in employment law.
The legal process is difficult to understand in the best of times, and if you don't follow expert legal advice, you may miss the opportunity to not only solve the problem in a satisfactory way, but also receive damages for the discriminatory treatment.
Step One: Consult a Lawyer Who Specializes in Workplace Discrimination
If you believe you were discriminated against in the workplace, take steps to receive a consultation. If nothing else, the lawyer will help you determine if the situation is indeed unlawful, and what steps you can take to either fix the problem by yourself or handle it through legal means.
There are a number of lawyers that specialize in workplace discrimination.
Look for firms who specialize in Religious, Racial, Sex-based, or other protected class discrimination law.
Step Two: Gather Evidence and Present Your Case
If you mean to file suit, you will need to present your case a harassment and discrimination lawyer so they can determine if your suit will be successful in court. Bring all documentation and evidence of your claims, so you can clearly describe your situation.
If they agree to take on your case, let the lawyer take the lead.
Step Three: File an Administrative Charge
File your complaint with the EEOC and FDEH. Typically, they will issue you a right to sue after an investigation. Once you have received the right to sue letter, you may file your lawsuit
Step Four: Follow Your Lawyer's Advice
Your role now is to be a helpful witness as your workplace discrimination attorney gathers evidence and argues the case in court. Follow whatever steps they recommend and get ready to fight for your rights as an employee and citizen.
Need Help With Your Case?
Talk to the experienced employment and discrimination lawyers at Kingsley & Kingsley. We can help defend your rights within the complex federal and state employment laws and regulations. Contact us for a free consultation at 888-500-8469.
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RICHARDS, WILLIAM, fur trader and watercolour artist; b. c. 1785 in the Fort Albany (Ont.) district of Hudson Bay, possibly at Gloucester House (on Washi Lake, Ont.), son of HBC labourer and interpreter John Richards, and grandson of HBC surgeon William Richards of Neath, Wales; d. 9 July 1811 at Moose Factory (Ont.).
The short and rather humble career of William Richards as a Hudson’s Bay Company canoeman and cooper in James Bay offers little clue as to how he gained proficiency in a European artistic technique. He apparently never travelled to Europe, and whatever education or training he received clearly resulted from the assistance of senior colleagues rather than of British relatives. On only one occasion would he have met his grandfather: in 1794–95 when the latter was serving at Moose. The elder William had been at Albany and at Henley House (near the junction of the Albany and Kenogami rivers) between 1757 and 1769, when he returned home as a result of disputes with chief factor Humphrey Marten*; suspected of smuggling furs, he was then refused re-employment until 1794.
Young William’s contacts with his mixed-blood father, John, were also marked by discontinuity after his first decade of life. Shortly before William’s birth, John Richards and his brother Thomas had been hired as labourers at Albany at £6 annually. The London committee’s terms suggest that they were not intended to advance much higher: Edward Jarvis*, chief at Albany, was told that “in thus employing them as Englishmen, We do not however intend that they should ever be brought to England: We expect that their Abilities be applied to the best Purposes for our Interest.” When their father returned to the bay, however, he managed to secure permission for John to travel back to Britain with him in 1795. John spent the next winter in Wales and rejoined the company in 1796. Within a year his “turbulent” nature, and perhaps his slim chance for advancement (despite his apparent literacy), led him to desert to the North West Company. There is no evidence that he saw his son William thereafter.
William is first mentioned in HBC records on 17 Nov. 1800, the day on which he was apprenticed by John Hodgson*, chief factor at Albany, to cooper James Inkster. In August 1802 he was serving aboard the Albany shallop. By late the next summer he and his uncle Thomas Richards, “a Boat steerer &c,” had left for Moose; Thomas had requested permission for the trip, “to see his old Mother before she dies.” Once at Moose, both men asked chief factor John Thomas* for contracts to serve there, evidently not realizing that such transfers required consent from London. Given “the present situation of affairs” at his post, which like other HBC establishments was employing native-born servants in increasing numbers to make up for a shortage of British labour, Thomas allowed them to stay, meanwhile forwarding their requests to London. The end result was that both uncle and nephew spent the rest of their careers mainly in the Moose area.
In 1804–5 William, a “Canoeman &c” at £8 per annum, served at New Brunswick House (on Brunswick Lake). In 1805–6 he was at Moose except for some inland trips to transport furs and trade goods and later to serve at Fort Kenogamissi (on Kenogamissi Lake). John Thomas characterized him in September 1806 as a good cooper and canoeman, “very zealous & active for the Trade.” Thomas’s support doubtless encouraged London to rehire Richards for another three years at the terms he asked, £20 annually, from the summer of 1807. After a few months at Fort Abitibi (near La Sarre, Que.) and a summer at Moose, Richards was sent aboard the Eastmain schooner in October 1807 as an extra hand. The onset of winter detained him at Eastmain (Que.) until January 1808, when he returned overland to Moose. During his visit unknown circumstances led Eastmain chief factor George Gladman to charge him with “mutinous refractory Conduct” and urge that he be fined as an example to others, but no fine is on record.
From January 1808 to March of the following year Richards continued as canoeman and cooper at Moose. But on 13 March 1809 John Thomas reported Richards ill and unable to work. In May he was “consumptive” and in September “in a rapid decline” although the doctors thought a trip to England might be helpful “next year if he survives.” The next summer brought no improvement, and Thomas noted that Richards’s “allowance of Wages &c must depend on what the charitable Board may please to grant him.” Richards received his wages until he died on 9 July 1811 leaving his widow, Eleanor, and two sons. On that occasion Thomas (then Richards’s father-in-law of some years’ standing) mourned the death of “a useful Servant and remarkable for his genius in drawing.”
Richards had been interested in art since at least 1805, when he is known to have ordered drawing paper and a box of paints from London. It is likely that Thomas encouraged Richards to paint so as to provide portrayals of company posts for the directors in London. Other HBC men, including Humphrey Marten, had used models or plans to describe the posts to their employers, but Richards was not merely a draughtsman: there is human interest as well in his illustration of ice-fishing, wood-cutting, and other local activities. One painting, for instance, is entitled A man & his wife returning with a load of partridges from their tent. All of the surviving paintings show fine detail, and in them Richards attains considerable realism despite some difficulties with perspective and scale. The attention paid to shading and to cloud effects above the flat James Bay landscape suggests that, aside from his own talent, Richards developed his skills with the aid of some colleague familiar with the techniques of his chosen medium.
The PAM, HBCA, holds three water-colours by William Richards, entitled A man & his wife returning with a load of partridges from their tent, A south-east view of Albany Factory, and A view of Eastmain Factory; a fourth, untitled and unsigned, has been identified as being by Richards from its similarity to his East view of Moose Factory, in the collection of the Glenbow-Alberta Institute (Calgary).
Anglican Church of Canada, Diocese of Moosonee Arch. (Schumacher, Ont.), Diocese of Moosonee papers, ser.iii, “Register of births, christenings, deaths and other occurrences at Moose Factory and its inland dependencies belonging to the Honble. Hudson’s Bay Company” (mfm. at AO). PAM, HBCA, A.1/40, 43–44, 47; A.6/13; A.16/6, 16–17; A.30/4, 10; B.3/a/104–5; B.59/a/1–122; B.135/a/ 91–97; B.135/b/27; B.135/f/1–8; B.155/a/12; C.1/740–41. A. M. Johnson, “James Bay artist William Richards,” Beaver, outfit 298 (summer 1967): 4–10.
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Barnyard animals are more empathetic than you might have thought, a new study has found.
Goats are able to distinguish between positive and negative emotions in another goat's calls and react to their fellows' feelings, according to a paper published in the journal Frontiers in Zoology by researchers from Queen Mary University of London, ETH Zürich and the University of Turin
Working at Buttercups Sanctuary for Goats in Kent, UK, the researchers recorded goats' "positive" calls, when they were approached with food pellets, and "negative" calls, when they were isolated or watching another goat eat food pellets.
The team then played these recordings to other goats and observed their reactions. The goats had different physiological responses to the different sounds, with their heart rates becoming much more erratic when they listened to the "positive" calls.
A previous experiment at Queen Mary University of London, which led to the latest study, determined that goats could differentiate between the sounds of "friend" goats and "stranger" goats.
The study details the importance of communicating emotions from an evolutionary standpoint, explaining: "Negative emotions enable individuals to respond appropriately to potentially life-threatening situations."
It builds on previous research finding that horses can distinguish between angry and happy human faces and that cattle and pigs change their own behavior based on the tone of their companions' calls.
Goats in particular are "highly social" and may use their communicative calls to "strengthen social bonds and group cohesion," according to the researchers.
The study concludes that non-human animals, in addition to experiencing their own emotions, "might also be sensitive to the emotional states of other individuals."
Livio Favaro, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Turin and one of the study's authors, told CNN that the findings could have "huge real-world implications."
Future studies could prove the existence of "emotional contagion," Favaro said, or "whether the calls uttered by one animal can somehow affect both the inner state and the vocalizations of another animal."
"This might suggest we should rethink the way we treat livestock," he said. "Applied research can then look for solutions to improve the quality of lives using this information."
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Augmented reality (AR) isn’t the stuff of Hollywood sci-fi movies – it’s here, and is expected, by 2021, to drive mobile AR over 1 billion users and $60 billion revenue.
The nascent technology places virtual objects onto the real world and lets you interact with them. But aside from Snapchat lenses, in what ways will AR impact our everyday lives? Below are 4 future uses for AR:
As the automotive industry transforms – the government has recently announced its clean air strategy banning all new diesel and petrol cars and vans from 2040 – one car manufacturer is taking a novel approach to recruiting a diverse pool of electronic and software engineers.
Using British band the Gorillaz’s reality app, Jaguar has set applicants two challenges: assemble the Jaguar I-PACE Concept, the company’s soon to be released electric sports car and complete a series of code breaking puzzles.
The first of its kind, this type of job application turns traditional recruitment on its head, enabling brands to assess talent in an innovative and engaging way, and find the right candidates faster.
A new startup from Oxford is looking for ways to help the one million people worldwide registered blind. A potential replacement for guide dogs, OxSight is testing augmented reality glasses to help the visually impaired recognise and navigate objects in their environment.
The glasses currently work for those whose vision has degraded over time, amplifying what sight they do have of light, movement or shape. This is done by mapping three-dimensional space in a process not dissimilar to modern game programming, adding cartoon-like layers to the user’s surroundings.
There’s a way for OxSight to go before it’s released to market – including many medical device regulations – but the future looks bright. Especially for those who have reported more confidence and freedom in dark bars and restaurants, and, more importantly, the ability to see familiar faces again.
3. Interior Design
Thanks to Apple’s AR framework ARKit, one developer has created an app that lets users arrange furniture in the real world.
Asher Vollmer’s product is yet to be released, but promises huge potential for decorators, estate agents, architects and interior designers. Watch the tool in action to see how it allows him to pick, choose and change the dimensions of furniture in line with real world dimensions.
The world’s first augmented reality dating app, FlirtAR is able to recognize nearby daters and measure their compatibility in real time all from the point of a smartphone.
It does so by algorithmically combining face recognition technology with geolocation information. Imagine seeing the person of your dreams walking down the street – with FlirtAR, you could open the app, point it at that person and if he or she is a registered user, discover their name, age and interests.
It will be interesting to see how this app works in the real world – having to hold your smartphone up towards someone as if taking a photo isn’t the subtlest way to begin a courtship.
Clearly, the sky is the limit for AR, and I’ve only covered a fraction of what can be done with this burgeoning technology. But, what relevance do these examples have for us as communicators?
Brand experiences – which we know to be so important in the age of soaring customer expectations, limited time and a wealth of choice – will only become bigger and better with AR. So when planning future campaigns and activations, AR must be part of the planning phase – at least considered – if we want immersive, engaging user experiences that embed a brand in its consumers’ consciousness.
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The recent death of Rodney King reminds us of many things, not least of which is how important technology can be in the pursuit of justice. The videotape of the beating of King by Los Angeles police in 1991 challenged our nation to take seriously claims from communities of color that they experience police brutality routinely. Fast forward to the 21st century and we can point to repeated examples where new forms of technology provide evidence in the brutal deaths of young black men– Oscar Grant (cell phone video), Derrion Albert (cell phone video), and now Trayvon Martin (cell phone call). When Trayvon’s parents wanted justice for their son they turned to new media, mounting an online petition through Change.org to pressure prosecutors to charge George Zimmerman with his death. Sadly, it seems we still need new media to aid in our pursuit of the killers of, in particular, young people of color.
As the 2012 election approaches it is important to realize how young people, especially youth of color, are using new media to amplify their voices in the political realm. While we know Obama’a 2008 campaign used social media to reach and mobilize young voters, we are less familiar with innovative ways youth of color are circumventing political elites and engaging in a new form of politics called participatory politics. That’s the term researchers in the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Youth and Participatory Politics use to describe acts such as starting a political group online, circulating a blog about a political issue, or forwarding political videos to friends. Like traditional political acts they address issues of public concern. The difference is that participatory acts are interactive, peer-based, and do not defer to elites or formal institutions. They are also tied to digital or new media platforms that facilitate and amplify young people’s actions. (Huffington Post)
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Modern tennis is the new evolution of tennis players. Discover the key concepts of modern tennis and the biggest change in the tennis forehand technique on tour in modern tennis.
Modern tennis is the new evolution of tennis players
With each new generation of tennis champions, big changes in the tennis technique, footwork and fitness of players are now adapting to the new fast paced game of tennis. The game of tennis is constantly changing as in all other facets of life.
Modern Tennis is a High Speed Game
Today, in modern tennis we see players hitting the tennis ball harder than ever before with tons of topspin. At the pro levels, top pros like Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal hit their tennis forehands with extreme topspin, along with incredible speeds. They are able to produce wicked topspin angle passes. These shots in modern tennis were never seen before in the past.
Evolution of Modern Tennis
One of the reasons why modern tennis has evolved so rapidly is because of the equipment. Tennis strings and tennis rackets are now made of different material than they were in the past. These advances in the equipment allow players to increase the racket head speed to maximum levels and still keep the ball in play.
In addition, the players themselves have made rapid advancements to tennis technique. The pros are now swinging the racket faster than ever before, producing greater racket head speed. These crushing new speeds were previously unmatched by the tennis champions that preceded them. The tennis technique of the pros have also changed in modern tennis.
Changes in the tennis technique of the forehand, backhand and serve technique. Clearly, the pros today are hitting the ball differently than they were in the past. This is partially due to advancements in the equipment such as the tennis rackets, tennis strings and even the tennis balls.
Modern Tennis Footwork
Nearly every high level tennis player today also has fast and explosive tennis footwork. Modern tennis footwork is also a high paced movement. On TV, we see the pros cover the court with amazing agility and precision. Even balls landing in the opposite corner of the court are covered well, and players are rapidly able to turn defence into offence in a blink of an eye. The modern tennis footwork is now made up of quick sprints and high speed movement.
In the past, the tennis footwork was not of vital importance. The champions of the past rarely played at the baseline, and most rallys ended up at the net. The person who was able to dictate the point at the net usually finished the point. Everything was predominantly serve and volley.
Modern tennis footwork today includes side to side baseline movement. Players today in modern tennis must be able to quickly move laterally as well as side to side. Quick recognition of the incoming ball and anticipation is key.
In today’s game, the modern tennis is based around having a solid all court game. Players should be adept in all areas of the game. We see top pros in modern tennis have few weaknesses in their game, but one or two strong weapons. In order to suceed at the highest levels of the game, modern tennis includes having a weapon. A weapon is simply a tennis stroke that is dependable and powerful – a tennis stroke that can finish most points quickly and reliably. Having a strength in today’s modern game is an essential and mandatory element for success in today’s powerful modern tennis game.
Today, players are isolating tennis footwork movement patterns by training exclusively on their movement. Every top pro on tour recognizes the importance of performing tennis footwork drills regularly as part of their training regimen. They are also incorporating the fitness training element which allows them to have the powerful and explosive modern tennis footwork we see in tennis today.
Top pros on tour almost always have personal trainers. These trainers specifically design the player’s training schedule. It often includes specific tennis footwork drills, plyometrics and even a comprehensive weight training program.
The modern tennis forehand
The biggest change in modern tennis undoubtly is in the tennis forehand technique. Top pros on tour in modern tennis have learned to incorporate tennis technique that allows them to maximize the power, topspin and accuracy of their forehand without jeopardizing any control. The pros today are not only hitting the ball harder, but they are even more accurate and penetrating then in the past.
The pros on tour are combining the tennis forehand stroke with rotational element. In the past, players had very little upper body rotation and hence had much less topspin on their shots. In today’s modern tennis, players are rotating through their shots, and this rotation permits them to accentuate the racket head speed. The modern forehand is now a rotational “twist” movement with the upper body.
Increase Levers of the Stroke
Today’s tennis forehand technique is very explosive. Players are now increasing their racket head speed so much and introducing the maximum amount of levers in the stroke.
The kinetic chain of the forehand stroke involves utilizing the entire body to hit the stroke, and each “link” seamlessly flows into the next until the final course where the energy is transferred into the shot.
Watch Roger Federer’s Forehand in Slow Motion and Bjorn Borg. Although Bjorn Borg was a classical player, even he utilized modern tennis mechanics on rare occasion. However, the wooden rackets were stiff and modern tennis mechanics of hitting topspin were limited by the constraints of the grass courts along with the rackets themselves.
Notice how remarkably similar the tennis forehand technique is between Roger Federer and Bjorn Borg. In the old days, this was the exception and not the norm. Most of the old school players relied mostly on more traditional closed stance hitting.
Modern tennis technique could not be combined with wooden rackets.
During that era, if you were to hit the forehand with the same technique as many of the players today, it woud likely be impossible to make clean contact on every shot. I’d venture to say even the sweet spot of the rackets back then were smaller, hence you had to be more stable and precise with your racket. Therefore, a slower moving racket would be more stable and easier to manage, rather than the fast high paced racket speed of today’s modern tennis.
Modern Tennis Lessons
Many of the same old school traditional tennis lessons and technique are still being taught to tennis players today at the recreational and club levels. A tennis beginner should certainly learn the most basic elements of the forehand first, which may include learning the traditional “classical” methods first before they begin to experiment with the advanced tennis elements to which the pros today are using in modern tennis.
Modern tennis lessons should only be taught to a player once they have grasped the basic fundamentals of tennis technique on the strokes. Once they have mastered the basic principles of the technique, they may benefit from experimenting with some of modern tennis mechanics that top pros on tour are using.
By developing a solid foundation with good tennis technique before trying to learn modern tennis principles, allow a player to develop in the most suitable and ideal way before adding additional building blocks to their tennis game.
Modern Tennis: Coachable?
One of the biggest arguments in the tennis circle is whether modern tennis technique and the mechanics associated with the top pros and whether they are suitable for amateur and club tennis players.
The answer depends upon the individual player’s need. For a tennis beginner, the answer is a clear no. For a tennis player that has been playing for years, stuck at the same level with a strong desire to improve – the answer is maybe. Dependent upon the tennis player’s willingness to make changes to his or her game. In order to improve tennis technique, and modify the technique it will take many hours of practice.
If you want to play like the PROS, then you need to have the game. Check out our Tennis Ebooks and be on the way to improving all of your tennis strokes without the trial and error. Click Here to Improve Your Tennis
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Tutorial math and reading software for elementary and secondary arithmetic, basic math, algebra, geometry, precalculus plus GED, ABE, and CLEP preparation for elementary school, high school, college, adult education, and homeschool students.
Learned skills are applied to solving problems.
(Click on image to enlarge.)
Students read the question. Analyze its meaning. Students will apply previously learned skills while thinking and problem solving.
Students must practice and have mastered the appropriate arithmetic skills program before or concurrently with this problem solving program.
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The core is the center of the sun. This is the most inner-part of the sun. Hydrogen within the core
is packed in so tightly,
the temperature is exteremly hot, that the indivdual atoms bump into each other. Then, these atoms from into heavier helium
atoms, this then releases energy in this process. This takes thousands of years to make its way through the photosphere and
eventually into outer space. The core is 15 million degrees celicus.
This part of the sun, is the part that we can see. The photosphere is a few hundred miles thick.
The photosphere gives off the sun's intense heat into space. The inner part of the photosphere is 2,000 degrees celicus, which
is hotter than the outer region where the photosphere meets the chromosphere. The photosphere is made up of earth
sized cells called "granules". These cells are always changing in size and shape, they also carry hot gas from the center
of the sun (the core) to the outer surface. When the hot gas comes up, the cooler gas then goes back down to be re-heated.
This is the outer most layer of the sun. Gigantic flares and huge loops of flaming hot gas shoot
into the chromosphere, extending out tens of thousands of miles above the surface. These flares shoot electrically charged
particals into the solar system. When these charged particals reach the earth, they can disturb television and radio signals.
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Today’s the big day, when Asteroid 2005 YU55 will pass within about 200,000 miles (and come slightly closer to the moon tomorrow) of our fair planet.
This closeness of the approach can be seen in the short movie below (click it to activate).
The very dark asteroid is estimated to measure about 400 meters across. Here’s a photo of the rock as it sped through space in our direction yesterday. It’s a pretty good shot considering the rock was still more than 600,000 miles away at the time.
We’re all familiar with asteroids presenting end-of-the-world scenarios because of movies like Armageddon, in which a “Texas”-sized asteroid threatened Earth.
This, of course, is laughable because Texas is about 1,400 kilometers across and the largest known asteroid in the solar system, Ceres, measures just 900 km in diameter. For a deeper dissection of Armageddon’s scientific flaws, see here.
(Side note: The final scene of Armageddon offers an interesting take on the Russian approach to fixing mechanical problems with spaceflight equipment, especially in light of Sunday night’s launch of a Soyuz spacecraft. But I digress.)
Anyway, it wouldn’t take an asteroid the size of Texas to cause a global catastrophe. According to NASA an asteroid would need to have a diameter in excess of 2 km to pose planetary-wide environmental consequences.
And 2005 YU55 is much smaller than that. Which is not to say it would not have an impact.
So what would happen if YU55, traveling relative to Earth at a velocity of 30,000 mph, struck the planet? Bad things, but not catastrophic things unless you’re living underneath the impact.
Just for fun, let’s say it hit land about 100 miles west of Houston (it was nice knowing you, Schulenburg).
This particular asteroid would probably produce a crater about 4 miles across. If it hit 100 miles from Houston it would produce a wind moving through the city at about 35 mph, and make a noise something like very loud traffic. We would also experience seismic shaking equivalent to about a 6.8 magnitude earthquake. There would be some dust.
If you’re planning ahead, for those living in Katy, be sure to evacuate toward the east.
You can model your own asteroid impact effects at the delightful Impact: Earth! website.
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Opportunity, the Mars robotic rover that stunned humanity by remaining operational for over ten years past it’s original mission date, powered off for the last time on Feb. 13, 2019; a final goodbye at the end of a 225-million kilometer journey.
Affectionately nicknamed ‘Oppy,’ the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) first-generation Mars rover spent 14 years and 46 days on the surface of the red planet. Originally designed to roam the Martian landscape for only 90 Earth days, Opportunity managed to extend its operational lifespan by using solar energy. In total, Oppy travelled a total of 45.16 kilometres on Mars, farther than any space exploration vehicle, robot or human, has walked on any celestial body.
Scientists and fans of Opportunity will remember it for verifying some of NASA’s most prominent discoveries of the last decade. It was Oppy that, in 2004, confirmed the ancient presence of hematite rocks on the surface of Mars, indicating, for the first time, that liquid water once covered the plant.
Before Opportunity’s descent upon Mars, the closest mankind had come to uncovering its secrets was through satellite images and stationary ‘landers.’ Opportunity, and its sister rover Spirit which got caught in a sand dune in 2009, enabled scientists to traverse the surface of Mars, collecting invaluable samples and data along the way.
Twenty-one months into its journey, Oppy circumvented the Victoria Crater, a massive 750-metre-wide hole in the Martian surface.
“The scientific allure is the chance to examine and investigate the compositions and textures of exposed materials in the crater’s depths for clues about ancient, wet environments,” NASA wrote in a 2007 press release. “As the rover travels farther down the slope, it will be able to examine increasingly older rocks in the exposed walls of the crater.”
After months of travel, the rover descended into the crater itself and recorded images of the comet Sliding Spring on its flight path over Mars. From the depths of the crater, Oppy examined new rocks unlike any of those ever observed on Mars. Using x-ray spectroscopy, a data collection tool which analyzes the interactions of radiation and matter, the rover was able to verify the presence of aluminum and silicon in the rock samples.
NASA last made contact with Oppy in June 2018 after a severe dust storm swept large amounts of sand across the rover’s solar panels. Reliant on the ability to remain in direct sunlight to charge its solar-powered batteries, Oppy’s energy stores were quickly depleted. Scientists lost full contact with the rover in Jan. 2019, and declared its mission was over two weeks later on Feb. 13. Both Opportunity and Spirit were part of NASA’s broader Mars rover missions, which include a total of four rovers with two additional robotic vehicles planned for launch in 2020.
Opportunity is survived by the Curiosity rover, which landed in Aug. 2016. According to NASA’s official website, Curiosity is the first of three planned missions that will continue the search for geological clues for the presence of liquid water. Another objective of equal, if not greater, value to NASA, is to determine whether those water-holding environments were ever conducive to life on Mars.
As Oppy’s robotic brothers and sisters continue their quest to better understand the red planet and the nature of life in the near solar system, the multitude of discoveries will only increase.
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Access to quality education is a key factor in promoting social mobility and empowering individuals to reach their full potential. Unfortunately, underrepresented communities often face significant barriers to higher education due to financial constraints. Scholarships play a crucial role in breaking these barriers and empowering individuals from marginalized backgrounds. In this article, Richard Zahn explore how scholarships are enabling underrepresented communities to overcome obstacles and pursue educational opportunities that can transform their lives.
1: Financial Accessibility
One of the primary barriers faced by underrepresented communities is the financial burden associated with higher education. Scholarships provide financial support that alleviates the economic strain on students and their families. By covering tuition fees, textbooks, and other educational expenses, scholarships make education more accessible and create opportunities for individuals who may not have had the means to pursue higher education otherwise.
2: Expanding Access to Education
Scholarships have the power to expand access to education for underrepresented communities. By specifically targeting students from marginalized backgrounds, scholarships ensure that individuals who have historically been underrepresented in higher education have the opportunity to pursue their academic goals. These scholarships help bridge the gap and create a more diverse and inclusive student body, enriching the educational experience for all students.
3: Empowering Career Development
Scholarships not only enable access to education but also empower underrepresented individuals to pursue their desired career paths. By reducing financial constraints, scholarships allow students to focus on their studies and engage in internships, research opportunities, and extracurricular activities that enhance their skills and employability. Scholarships provide a foundation for individuals to explore their passions and contribute to their communities through their chosen careers.
4: Building Networks and Mentorship
Scholarship programs often provide additional support beyond financial assistance. They offer mentorship opportunities, connecting students with experienced professionals who can guide and inspire them throughout their educational journey. Building networks and mentorship relationships is crucial for underrepresented communities, as it provides access to valuable resources, career advice, and professional connections that can open doors to future opportunities.
5: Breaking the Cycle of Inequality
Scholarships have the potential to break the cycle of inequality by empowering individuals from underrepresented communities to attain higher education. Education is a catalyst for social change, and when individuals from marginalized backgrounds have the opportunity to pursue higher education, they are more likely to secure better job prospects, higher incomes, and contribute to their communities in meaningful ways. Scholarships create a positive ripple effect, uplifting entire communities and inspiring future generations to aspire for higher education.
Scholarships are a powerful tool in breaking barriers and empowering underrepresented communities. By providing financial accessibility, expanding access to education, empowering career development, facilitating mentorship, and breaking the cycle of inequality, scholarships transform lives and contribute to a more inclusive and equitable society. As we continue to prioritize and invest in scholarship programs that target underrepresented communities, we can create a future where every individual has an equal opportunity to pursue education and achieve their aspirations.
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One of the aspects of baby nutrition is that your child may at some point of time require switching to solid foods. It is usually the time when their first tooth comes out. Another requirement before solid food is incorporated into baby diet is to have a powerful shoulder belt and ability to move the head from one side to the other. The time we are talking about is from 4 to 6 months, when you can start feeding the child with solids.
The starting point of baby nutrition
The beginning of baby diet can start with mashed vegetables including sweet potatoes, zucchinis, guacamole and carrots in about 2 small spoons per day. You can even mash better by adding hot water and avoiding salt. Potato is a great vegetable to start with, and gradually more vegetables can be incorporated to keep an eye out for food allergies.
At this age, it is best to go for fruits like melons, watermelons, bananas, pears, peaches, apples and others. It is advisable to start with vegetables instead of fruits since the child can get used to the delicacy and sweetness of the fruits without asking for the veggies.
However, all this should be engaged with formula meals or breastfeeding.
Baby nutrition when they are 7 months old should be diversified. This is when you can cook rice, pasta, beef, chicken, different kinds of legumes and even prepare toasts for your little one. These can be mixed with vegetables which shall require less of mashing. The baby will be used to chewing food in larger chunks. This baby diet should ideally replace around 2 formula or breastfeeding meals.
9 months to a year
By the time the baby is 9 months old they are considerably grown and can now try dairy products and eggs. It is best to check out a few amounts initially to watch for allergic reactions. You can even replace the baby nutrition with solids including vegetables, eggs and certain fruits. This is when 3 breastfeeding meals can be suitably replaced. While paying attention to baby diet, mothers should not lose attention of themselves since it is very important for nurturing and nursing your baby.
First two years
If you have put your baby on a formula diet, the best time for transitioning them to whole milk is near their first birthday. Breastfeeding moms can also follow this route, although you can continue breastfeeding. At this time, baby nutrition can take in table foods. If the baby has problems chewing and swallowing food, it is best to inform the doctor. One of the major challenges in dealing with baby diet is to know how much food your baby requires.
All food groups should be touched upon including proteins, grains, fruits and vegetables. While many toddlers require proteins, they may not like the meat texture. In that case, it is best to switch to other sources of protein including beans, cheese and nut butter. It is important to give your kid 3 meals and 2 healthy snacks a day.
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Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint/disc disease effects millions of Americans each year. One in five (22%) adults in the United States report having doctor-diagnosed arthritis and it is estimated by 2030, 67 million Americans ages 18 years or older are projected to have doctor-diagnosed arthritis. When you take into account the millions of undiagnosed osteoarthritis, it’s easy to believe that its misery is unavoidable, a curse of genetic and old age. To the contrary, research is finding out more and more that arthritis is highly affected by how our joints are loaded. When we subject the delicate cartilage of our joints to the effects of improper movement, deconditioning, extra body weight, repetitive stress and poor nutrition; we accelerate the aging of those joints beyond their years causing the premature breakdown of the articulating components.
It’s important to remember that Osteoarthritis is a disease of wear & tear, abuse and neglect. The best treatment is prevention or at least early detection. The vast majority of surgeries resulting from joint degeneration are preventable if caught early enough. It’s important to have yourself evaluated by a practitioner that can identify the early warning signs and symptoms of joint degeneration.
Our doctors will perform a thorough examination of your Neuromusculoskeletal system (your movement system), comparing the quality of your movements, muscles, and joints against what’s ideal. They will then devise a treatment plan that is unique to you that incorporates the latest in conservative manual therapy such as manipulation, Active Release Technique and Graston Technique. Our goal is to help you get out of pain quickly and help you to maintain the health of your joints. Please contact us and see how we can help.
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The grating sound of a squeaky toy is a familiar sound to many dog owners. People may have a low tolerance for toys that make noise, but dogs can't seem to get enough of them. When your pet squeaks a ball or stuffed animal in your face, he isn't doing it to get on your nerves: He's just giving into instinct.
According to the American Kennel Club, playing with toys is a way for dogs to satisfy their prey drive. Dogs love chewing on items that remind them of the small animals their ancestors may have hunted in the wild. That's why so many dog toys are soft, fluffy, and designed to squeak when bitten.
The high-pitched "squealing" you hear from squeaky pet toys simulates the cry small animals make when distressed. This noise tells predators that vulnerable prey is nearby, and dogs are hardwired to go into attack mode when they hear it. Dogs like to bite, shake, and tear apart their toys as if subduing a victim. If you've ever noticed your dog lose interest in an item the moment the squeaker stops working, that's because they've succeeded in "killing" it.
Noisy toys may also be more fun for pets to play with. When they chomp down on something with a squeaker inside it, they get an immediate, auditory reward. This instant gratification may encourage dogs to keep biting and stimulate them more than a regular toy would.
If you're not willing to trade your peace for your dog's enjoyment, there are plenty of non-squeaking objects out there that dogs also like to play with. Here's why dogs are obsessed with chew toys—even the silent kind.
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Medical neglect is defined as a parent’s failure to provide adequate medical or dental care for their child, especially when it is needed to treat a serious physical injury or illness. In some cases, this can also include a failure to provide for psychiatric care if the child needs it. Also, some jurisdictions may hold other parties liable for medical neglect, such as custodians or guardians who have a legal duty to care for the child.
Medical neglect is generally considered to be a form of child neglect, and is usually listed under a state’s child abuse laws. Some jurisdictions require failure to involve emergency circumstances, but some courts may find medical neglect even in long-term, non-emergency situations.
This type of neglect usually takes one of two forms: Either caregivers do not seek medical treatment when children show clear signs of serious illness, or they do not follow medical advice once it has been sought.
What Types of Actions are Considered to be Medical Neglect?
Various types of conduct and actions by the parent can amount to medical neglect of a child. Some of these may include:
- Refusing or denying the child access to medical care in an emergency;
- Refusing to support the child’s medical expenses for an acute illness, without good reason;
- Ignoring medical recommendations by a physician with regards to a treatable condition; and/or
- Failing to administer medicine to the child as prescribed by a doctor.
These types of conduct may be easier to prove if they result in significant deterioration of the child’s health, or if they result in frequent or prolonged periods of hospitalization.
It must also be shown that the treatment recommended would substantially benefit the child, that there is access to healthcare, and that the caretaker understands the situation (is mentally competent).
When it comes to religious exemptions from medical neglect law, states vary. Many do allow for parents to refuse both preventative care and treatment for children. Generally, the exemption must be based on sincere religious beliefs, and the parents’ membership in a recognized faith or religious tradition. For example, the Christian Science sect is an established one, known for its belief in faith healing. There are, however, some states (such as Colorado) that do not allow parents to refuse their children medical treatment based on religious beliefs.
What Can a Physician Do in Cases of Medical Neglect?
To begin with, a physician may make certain that families can understand English, and if not, try to involve a translator. The physician can also make sure, regardless of language skills, that the caregiver understands the medical needs.
They can try to involve extended family members and community resources, and work with the family to develop a medical plan that everyone understands. The physician may also recommend further medical diagnostic tests and treatment with other providers, if necessary. Ultimately, they may refer the matter to child services if no other recourse is available.
Will Child Services Intervene in Cases of Medical Neglect?
In some instances, child service agencies may intervene in a severe case of medical neglect. If this is the case, the child services agency may obtain a court order requiring the parent to temporarily surrender custody of the child to the agency, who will then facilitate means for the required medical care.
Intervention is a very serious step that is usually reserved only for very serious cases of medical neglect, such as when:
- Immediate medical treatment is needed to for an emergency situation;
- The child has a life-threatening chronic illness and is not receiving the proper medical treatment (for example, when a diabetic child isn’t receiving their medications); and/or
- The child has a chronic disease that may result in disfigurement or disability if left untreated (for example, if the child needs a surgery to prevent blindness).
When determining whether or not to allow an intervention to occur, the court will analyze many different factors, including the child’s best interests, the interests of the parent, and those of the state.
Are There Legal Consequences Associated with Medical Neglect of a Child?
In addition to the possibility of a state-appointed intervention occurring, medical neglect can also result in very serious legal consequences for the parent or guardian. For example, the parent may face criminal child abuse charges, which may then result in criminal fines and possible jail time.
In very serious cases, the parent may permanently lose their custody and visitation rights. The parent may also find it difficult to obtain employment in the future if it involves the care or treatment of children or infants.
Do I Need a Lawyer if I Have Legal Issues Involving Medical Neglect?
Medical neglect is a very serious matter and is not treated lightly by the courts. If you have any legal questions, concerns, or disputes involving medical neglect of a child, you should contact a lawyer immediately.
Your lawyer can help represent you in court if you’re being summoned for an appearance. Also you may wish to hire a local family lawyer if you need to report any instances of medical neglect that you are aware of. This can help prevent the child from suffering any injuries or complications from a medical condition.
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Topic of the Day - 'Scientists find good in probiotic yoghurts'
Tuesday, 13 April 2010
The finding from Cork:
A Bacteria commonly found in probiotic yogurt has been found to be a safe and effective way to deliver gene therapies to treat cancer. Research, uncovered by a team in UCC found that harmless bacteria (bifidobacteria) have a natural ability to travel through the body and grow inside tumours. The team from the Cork Cancer Research Centre found that it can now genetically engineer these bacteria so that they will pump out anti-cancer agents specifically inside tumours .
The revelation by the UCC team could potentially eliminate the need for painful IV injections when administering chemo- therapy drugs and would not have the toxic effect many current cancer therapies have on healthy cells. According to the research team, the findings show s that harmless bacteria (bifidobacteria) have a natural ability to travel through the body and grow specifically inside tumours.
Dr Tangney said given the main goal of cancer treatment is to focus therapy on tumours without harming healthy cells, their findings were very exciting.
"We can now genetically engineer these bacteria so that they will pump out anti-cancer agents specifically inside tumours," he said.
"When a patient's cancer has spread, then ideally, a treatment should be administered throughout a patient's body (eg intravenous administration) to allow treatment of any tumours present, including secondary tumours at early stages of development.
"However, current chemotherapy drugs administered in this fashion are toxic to many healthy cell types, often resulting in severe side effects for the patient. This is why we are so excited about this research," Dr Tangney said.
The findings have been welcomed world-wide. Noriyuki Kasahara, president of the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy of Cancer said the work at CCRC was cutting edge: "No one has ever shown before that you can take an orally administered safe bacteria and have it hone into a tumour mass before and act there." Work on the project has been under way for two years and was funded by the Health Research Board.
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By now, Robert Vanderbei's purple map of the voting counts in Election 2004 has crisscrossed the internet several times. On his web page, he answers some questions about these maps:
Can you warp the counties so that each county's area is proportional to its total vote count? Such warped maps are called cartograms. There are already several of these at the state-by-state level on the web. I haven't seen any at the county-by-county level. A few years ago I collaborated briefly with David Dobkin and Stephen North on algorithms for producing cartograms. I can say that making a cartogram with so many individual elements (counties) would be very difficult.Cartograms are indeed hard to compute: this is an interesting geometric problem, as Jeff Erickson also points out.
As it turns out, the place I work at does cartograms, and quite well at that ! Stephen North (the one mentioned above) and colleagues have developed methods for computing cartograms and I used their approach to create a cartogram of the election results. I used the data from a paper by Daniel Keim, Stephen North, and Christian Panse that uses the medial axis to construct a cartogram.
[UPDATE: the original maps had a problem in labelling Nevada because of a mismatch between county names in the two data sets: the new maps shown here reflect the correction. Thanks to the commenter who pointed this out.]
I used a variety of color schemes: for more information, and larger pics, see my new cartograms page. (note: for formatting purposes I used HTML to scale the images; if you download the image, it will be bigger)
- A Vanderbei-like color scheme, where the relative proportion of votes for Bush or Kerry turns the county red or blue respectively: purple regions are roughly even.
- The winner-take-all color scheme: a county that Bush won is marked in red, and one that Kerry one is marked in blue.
- Red-blue (suggested by a poster on the blog). Start with a baseline of white for equal vote-share. as the vote percentage for the winner increases, increase the strength of red or blue appropriately.
- Grayscale (suggested by Kathryn Myronuk). Start with a baseline of white for equal vote-share. As the vote percentage for the winner increases, make the color grayer.
- ROYGBIV (suggested by Kathryn Myronuk). Again, white is neutral, but go towards the R side or the V side of the color spectrum depending on who wins and how much (thresholds at .7, 0.6, .53)
It takes a while getting used to a cartogram, and having to ensure that counties still touch after being inflated can make the problem quite difficult to solve while still retaining an overall representative shape. However, it is interesting to see how large California and the North-east really are in context, and how the entire middle-west of the country shrinks.
As far as I know, the complexity of computing a cartogram (where the typical formulation would be to minimize some error metric on the discrepancy between the area of a region and weight associated with it) is unknown, and is probably NP-hard (I once thought I had a proof for NP-hardness for rectangular cartograms, but it foundered). However, much of the challenge in cartogram design comes from trying to balance accuracy and aesthetics; the map when distorted should still look like the original map !
For more on this, check out the AT&T Info Viz page on spatial data transformation.
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Just why do some names have two or three spellings? Well, we might just have some of the reasons why…
1. Is it Marc or Mark?
Well, Marc is from Latin origin, and comes from the Roman name Marcus. Whereas Mark comes from old Latin and the holder of the name is a God of War. Mark Wahlberg is certainly a God of sexiness!
2. Pleased to meet you, Claire or Clare?
The name Claire is Latin, and it comes from the word ‘claris’, which means bright, clear and distinguished. Clare, on the other hand is the Medieval English form of Clara. It was traditionally considered male, but we’ve not met any bloke with this name, have you?
3. Shall we call you Ann or Anne?
Ann was the name of Mary’s mother, from English origin. Anne is simply the French version of the name
. And they both mean grace, just as Anne Hathaway represents.
4. Are you Gillian or Jillian?
Gillian is a Gaelic baby name, meaning St John’s servant. Whereas Jillian is a Latin baby name, which translates as youthful. So, don’t worry, if you’re a 90-year-old Gillian, you still have the face of a 16-year-old.
5. Is it spelt May or Mae?
The names May and Mae both derive from Maia, the name
of a Roman goddess of spring growth. It is also the another name of the hawthorn flower. So, whichever way it’s spelt, it still makes us think of Easter and daffodils.
6. Is your name Ray or Rae?
Ray is actually a German name, and it means mighty protection – if this is your name, you guard your loved ones wisely. And Rae comes from Scotland – it simply translates as grace. We’d sure love hardman Ray Winstone to protect us if we ever got into a pickle!
7. Which one is it, Paige or Page?
Paige is used for both boys and girls, and it originates from Latin. It means young helper or child. And although Page comes from France, it has a very similar meaning, as it translates as attendant. This doesn’t mean you have to become a servant with this name, though!
8. Are you a Sean, Shawn or Shaun?
All the spellings of this name mean exactly the same thing, and originate in Ireland. It simply means a gift from God. Well, some might argue that Sean Bean’s face is a present from above!
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What is Construction Technology?
A Construction Technology degree program — often named: Construction Engineering Technology (CET) — prepares students for careers in the construction industry. Construction Technology majors study construction engineering, planning and design, and project management. From cost estimating to carpentry, and from pavement to interior finish, this major teaches students how to safely build residential, industrial, commercial, and civil buildings and structures. This can be a 2 or 4-year program and particulars vary from school to school.
Is Construction Technology a Good Major / Degree for Me?
Do you like to build things? Do you enjoy working outdoors? Do you enjoy working with your hands? Do you work well with others? Are you good at visualizing a finished product? Are you a problem solver? If you answer yes to these questions, then Construction Technology might be the degree for you!
High School Classes Needed for a Construction Technology Degree in College:
- 4 English Credits
- 3 Math Credits (Including Trigonometry, if possible)
- 3 Lab Science Credits (Including Physics)
- 3 Social Studies Credits
- If your high school offers the following courses, take advantage!
- Industrial Arts
- CADD (Computer Aided Drafting and Design)
Common Construction Technology Courses in College:
- Architectural Drafting
- Computer-Integrated Construction
- Cost Estimating
- Electrical Systems
- Residential Construction
- Soils and Foundations
- Technical Mathematics
- Technical Writing
- Many programs require co-op participation
Similar Degree Programs You Might Want to Explore:
- Civil Engineering: a course of study that teaches students how to design and create structures such as bridges and dams
- Computer Aided Drafting and Design (CADD): a course of study that teaches students how to use computers to create drawings, models and simulations used in construction or manufacturing
- Landscape Architecture: a course of study that prepares students to plan, design, and create landscaped grounds
- Parks and Recreations: a course of study that explores how and why people interact with the outdoors, and how to manage these people and natural resources
- Surveying Technology: a course of study that teaches students how to measure distances and angles on the earth’s surface
Construction Technology Careers:
The construction industry is vast and employs many people. This degree would prepare an individual for most of the jobs in the industry, including: construction foreman, field engineer, site inspector, contract administrator, estimator, and designer.
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SCRIPTURE IN TRADITION: THE BIBLE AND ITS INTERPRETATION IN THE ORTHODOX CHURCH
The Bible was born and shaped in a community of faith. They understood Scripture to be an essential element of Holy Tradition: the apostolic witness passed down and developed into what would become the body of Orthodox doctrine. It begins with a discussion of the aims and methods of biblical interpretation as they were developed among the Greek Fathers. The second section introduces the reader to the ancient literary form known as chiasmus and emphasizes the importance of a proper chiastic reading to reveal the literal meaning of the text. The final section raises crucial issues regarding doctrines of the Holy Trinity, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit, from the perspectives of the divisive question of the filioque and the relevance of the Nicene Creed.
ISBN: 9780881412260 Binding: Softback 238 pages
Publisher: ST. VLADIMIR`S
Price: € 22.50 £ 17.24 $ 25.07
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Are you about to start a web development project? Considering PHP as a scripting language for server-side development? Well, that’s not surprising. PHP is one of the oldest and most widely used server-side programming languages, powering 78.1% of websites.
PHP, or Hypertext Preprocessor, is a general-purpose scripting language. It’s open-source, highly scalable, and one of the best choices for custom website development. It empowers a handful of frameworks such as Symfony, Laravel, Lamina, Yii, Cake, and Code Igniter. The frameworks include packages and products that create a certain ecosystem, allowing users to work with PHP easier. As a mature scripting language, it’s the to-go language of many professional software programming companies for their custom web development services.
Yet, there are also developers who abstain from PHP when building web software for a variety of reasons.
Why Do People Search for Alternatives to PHP?
Hypertext Preprocessor is a less focused and more forgiving language with a slow-paced learning curve. What’s more important it gives too much freedom in terms of writing a code. So, junior developers often avoid defining variable types, and instead write inexperienced, insecure, codes. Of course, this results in multiple errors that disrupt the development process of PHP projects.
Why is PHP slow in comparison with other programming languages? Because it’s a dynamic and interpreted language reading at runtime. On every request, PHP interprets everything from the beginning. Consequently, the performance is not as good as for compiled languages.
Lack of philosophy
As mentioned above, PHP doesn’t define rules for programming. It lacks idiomatic syntax. This means there are no certain ways of doing basic things. It’s not a bug, but a feature that makes the scripting language an absolute favorite of senior developers. Yet, it’s an obstacle for junior teams.
Already thinking to find PHP alternatives for your web project?
Here Are Top 5 PHP Alternatives For the Web Development
Java is a powerful, flexible, and object-oriented programming language in web development. As a strongly typed language, it provides the required discipline for a smoother development process. Java helps developers to build cleaner, more structured code and reduces the possibility of human errors. Something that is lacking in PHP. Also, it’s the most popular language for writing automation scripts
Java code can be run on any device, regardless of the operating system. The programming language supports various web template systems. It manages parallel task execution and offers powerful frameworks to develop and manage web apps. The range of frameworks includes Spring Boot, Cloud Foundry, Akka, etc.
Finally, Java code uses syntax that is similar to the classic programming language C++, so it is easy for most software and web developers to learn.
Python is an extremely advanced server-side programming language, used for web design and development. This powerful dynamic language is massively used for server-side development. Its popularity is growing constantly to soon overpass PHP.
Python suits a variety of web projects, from simple to complex. This logical language is a good choice for automation scripts. Its packages and external libraries (SciPy, Pandas, IPython, Numeric Python) facilitate the development of scientific and numeric applications. Additionally, the scripting language has features useful for database programming. It supports databases like MySQL, Oracle, etc.
Today Python is among the top programming languages for machine learning and artificial intelligence projects.
Go or Golang is a newcomer in the programming world. The compiled programming language was designed at Google in 2007. Want to work with upgraded technologies and open new opportunities? Then Go is a perfect choice.
The main goal of this programming language is to provide highly effective tools and features to develop scalable solutions in the simplest way possible. Go easily runs asynchronous code and possesses a streamlined syntax that supports task concurrency and parallelism.
The programming language is widely used for building distributed applications with optimal performance in cloud-based environments and corporate networks.
Rails is a server-side Ruby framework used for web development. It contains fully upgraded language and has become the go-to framework for many developers. It focuses on rapid prototyping and provides default structures for a database, web service, or web pages. Additionally, Ruby has other popular web frameworks such as Sinatra, Cuba, etc.
Which PHP Alternative is the Most Suitable for Your Web Project?
Web development is a complex process. It needs a professional software development services team who has mastered the chosen programming language to achieve desired success.
PHP still remains the go-to option in terms of the compound and customized projects. Yet it doesn’t mean that going with an alternative programing language is wrong. That’s why it’s important to map your software requirements against the capabilities and functionality of the scripting language.
Do you need help with determining what programming language would best suit your web project goals and meet your budget?
Don’t hesitate to contact the experts.
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March 15, 2013
Why Consider Geothermal Energy
Simply put, geothermal systems are the most efficient way to heat and cool your home. Why?
There is no doubt that the world is moving toward renewable energy sources. With climate change at the forefront of many people’s minds, it is more important than ever to find ways to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. One of the most promising forms of renewable energy is geothermal power.
The technology behind geothermal energy is not new. In fact, it is something that has been around for a very long time. However, new technology has taken this and made it available for potentially every home.
What Is Geothermal Energy?
Geothermal energy is the thermal energy that is stored in the Earth. This energy can be accessed by drilling into the Earth’s surface and extracting the hot water or steam that is present underground. The heat from this water or steam can then be used to generate electricity or to heat buildings.
Since geothermal energy is derived from the Earth, it is a renewable resource. This means that it can be used repeatedly without causing any harm to the environment. Geothermal energy is also considered to be a clean source of energy, meaning that it does not produce as much pollution as other forms of energy production.
Uses of Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy can be harnessed and used for a multitude of applications.
This is the most common use of geothermal energy. By extracting the hot water or steam from the Earth and using it to power turbines, you can generate electricity. In fact, geothermal power plants account for about 0.005% of the world’s total electricity production and is considered the fastest-growing energy source in the world.
Another common use of geothermal energy is heating buildings. By tapping into the Earth’s thermal energy, you can heat your home or office without using any fossil fuels. This is a very efficient way to heat your space, and it also helps reduce your carbon footprint.
Geothermal heating can be used to heat greenhouses and help to regulate the temperature of crops. This is a great way to extend the growing season and increase crop yields.
Many industrial processes require a lot of heat to function properly. By using geothermal energy, you can provide this heat without relying on fossil fuels. This can help to reduce emissions and save money on your energy bill.
The Pros of Geothermal Energy
There are many reasons why you should consider using geothermal energy for your home or business. Some of the pros include:
- Causes no harm to the environment
- One of the cleanest forms of energy
- Very little carbon footprint
- Globally accepted as one of the best sources of clean power
- Less energy costs
There are also some financial benefits to using geothermal energy. Some of these include:
Reduced Energy Bills
By using geothermal energy, you can reduce your dependence on fossil fuels. This can lead to reduced energy and utility bills and help you save money in the long run.
Many governments offer tax breaks for businesses or homeowners who install a geothermal system. This can help offset the cost of installation and make geothermal energy more affordable.
The Cons of Geothermal Energy
While geothermal energy has many benefits, it also has a few drawbacks. Some of the cons include:
- Expensive to install and requires professional maintenance
- Requires a lot of space for installation and set up
- Potential for pollution during the process of drilling into the earth’s crust
- Not accessible globally due to the high costs of tapping it</li></ul>
Harnessing Geothermal Energy
There are a few ways that you can harness geothermal energy for your home or business. These include:
Ground Source Heat Pumps
A ground source heat pump is the most common way to use geothermal energy. This system uses pipes to extract hot water or steam from the Earth and then uses it to generate heat or electricity.
Geothermal heat pumps use the constant temperature of the earth below the frost line as the exchange medium instead of the air temperature outside. They not only provide you with hot and cold air, but can also provide free hot water.
Another way to use geothermal energy is by directly using the hot water or steam from the Earth. This can be done by drilling into a hot spot and extracting the water or by installing a geothermal heat exchanger.
An open-loop system is one in which you extract water from a groundwater source and then return it to the Earth. This is the most common type of geothermal system in the United States.
The closed-loop geothermal system uses a set of pipes filled with liquid that are buried deep in the ground. The liquid in the pipes is heated by the natural heat underground and brought up to heat your home. Once the heat has been transferred to your home, the liquid in the pipes is sent back underground to reverse the process. This system can also be used to remove heat from your home in the summer, keeping your home at a comfortable temperature.
Geothermal Energy for Home Use
If you are interested in using geothermal energy for your home, there are a few things you need to know. First, you will need to engage the services of a qualified contractor to install the system. Second, you will need to find a location to drill into the Earth’s surface.
There are government regulations that govern the use of geothermal energy. Make sure to check with your local authorities before starting any installation project.
Safety is a major concern when using geothermal energy. Ensure all necessary safety precautions are considered when getting a geothermal energy system installed in your home.
When to Install A Geothermal System
The best time to install a geothermal system is when you are building a new home or remodeling your existing home. If you are not in the market for a new home, don’t worry – there are ways to retrofit your home to use geothermal energy. Talk with a qualified contractor about your options.
Cost of Installing a Geothermal System
The cost of installing a geothermal system can vary, depending on the size of your home and the type of system you choose. However, you can expect to pay between $12,000 and $25,000 for a typical residential installation. This may seem like a lot of money, but it will save you money on your energy bill in the long run.
Professional Geothermal Energy System Installation
You have seen that geothermal energy is a great way to reduce your carbon footprint and save money on your energy bill. If you are interested in installing a geothermal system in your home, you will need to engage the services of a professional contractor.
If you are a resident of St. Louis and the surrounding areas, getting a professional to install your geothermal system need not be a daunting task. Scott-Lee Heating Company will have your system up and running in no time. At Scott-Lee Heating we offer GeoComfort products for installing geothermal systems. They are the only geothermal brand that offers a complete R410A product line. This means that the refrigerant is environmentally friendly and will not deplete the ozone.
Established in 1978, we have been in the professional HVAC solutions industry for more than 40 years and provide various residential, commercial, and geothermal HVAC solutions to our customers. These include AC installation and maintenance, heating systems, ductless mini-splits, indoor air quality, metalwork, new home registration, and several other HVAC services.
Contact Scott-Lee Heating Company today for more information on our geothermal energy solutions!
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Working-age adults in low income
Graphs on this page:
- At around a fifth in 2008/09, the proportion of working-age adults who are in low-income households is now slightly higher than at any time since the mid-1990s.
- Inner London has a much higher proportion of working-age adults in low-income households than any other region (28% compared with an average for the United Kingdom as a whole of 21%).
- See the indicators on low income by work status, low income by disability and low income by age.
Why this indicator was originally chosen
Whilst the government has targets for reducing the prevalence of low income among children, it has no equivalent targets for working-age adults (except to the extent that they are parents). There is therefore a danger that government policy neglects the issue of low-income among working-age adults.
Definitions and data sources
The first graph shows the risk of a working-age adult being in a low-income household.
The second graph shows how the risk of working-age adults being in low-income households varies by region.
The data source for both graphs is Households Below Average Income, based on the Family Resources Survey (FRS). Income is disposable household income after deducting housing costs and the low-income threshold is the same as that used elsewhere, namely 60% of contemporary median household income. All the data is equivalised (adjusted) to account for differences in household size and composition. The self-employed are included in the statistics. Note that in 2007 DWP made some technical changes to how it adjusted household income for household composition (including retrospective changes) and, as a result, the data is slightly different than previously published figures. The averaging over three-year periods has been done to improve statistical reliability.
Overall adequacy of the indicator: high. The FRS is a well-established annual government survey, designed to be representative of the population as a whole.
Relevant 2007 Public Service Agreements
Overall aim: Halve the number of children in poverty by 2010-11, on the way to eradicating child poverty by 2020.
Official national targets
Reduce by a half the number of children living in relative low-income by 2010/11.
Other indicators of progress
Number of children in absolute low-income households.
Number of children in relative low-income households and in material deprivation.
Previous 2004 targets
Halve the number of children in relative low-income households between 1998/99 and 2010/11, on the way to eradicating child poverty by 2020, including:
- reducing the proportion of children in workless households by 5% between spring 2005 and spring 2008; and
- increasing the proportion of parents with care on Income Support and income-based Jobseeker’s Allowance who receive maintenance for their children by 65% by March 2008.
|All||With dependent children||Without dependent children|
|Yorkshire and The Humber||21%|
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Via Joshua Foer, a wonderful story of early science and strange stuffed birds:
Until the 19th century, the sudden annual disappearance of white storks each fall had been a profound mystery to European bird-watchers. Aristotle thought the storks went into hibernation with the other disappearing avian species, perhaps at the bottom of the sea. According to some fanciful accounts, "flocks of swallows were allegedly seen congregating in marshes until their accumulated weight bent the reeds into the water, submerging the birds, which apparently then settled down for a long winter's nap." A 1703 pamphlet titled "An Essay toward the Probable Solution of this Question: Whence come the Stork and the Turtledove, the Crane, and the Swallow, when they Know and Observe the Appointed Time of their Coming," argued that the disappearing birds flew to the moon for the winter.
On May 21, 1822, a stunning piece of evidence came to light, which suggested a less extra-terrestrial, if no less wondrous, solution to the quandary of the disappearing birds. A white stork, shot on the Bothmer Estate near Mecklenburg, was discovered with an 80-cm-long Central African spear embedded in its neck. The stork had flown the entire migratory journey from its equatorial wintering grounds in this impaled state. The arrow-stork, or pfeilstorch, can now be found, stuffed, in the Zoological Collection of the University of Rostock. It is not alone. Since 1822, some 25 separate cases of pfeilstorches have been recorded.
Thursday, June 25, 2009
Wednesday, June 24, 2009
Sunday, June 21, 2009
CNN: As you've seen the situation in Iran develop over the last week, what are your thoughts?
Fareed Zakaria: One of the first things that strikes me is we are watching the fall of Islamic theocracy.
CNN: Do you mean you think the regime will fall?
Zakaria: No, I don't mean the Iranian regime will fall soon. It may -- I certainly hope it will -- but repressive regimes can stick around for a long time. I mean that this is the end of the ideology that lay at the basis of the Iranian regime.
The regime's founder, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, laid out his special interpretation of political Islam in a series of lectures in 1970. In this interpretation of Shia Islam, Islamic jurists had divinely ordained powers to rule as guardians of the society, supreme arbiters not only on matters of morality but politics as well. When Khomeini established the Islamic Republic of Iran, this idea was at its heart. Last week, that ideology suffered a fatal wound.
CNN: How so?
Zakaria: When the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, declared the election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad a "divine assessment," he was indicating it was divinely sanctioned. But no one bought it. He was forced to accept the need for an inquiry into the election. The Guardian Council, Iran's supreme constitutional body, met with the candidates and promised to investigate and perhaps recount some votes. Khamenei has subsequently hardened his position but that is now irrelevant. Something very important has been laid bare in Iran today --- legitimacy does not flow from divine authority but from popular support.
"Mainstream-media political journalism is in danger of becoming increasingly irrelevant, but not because of the Internet, or even Comedy Central. The threat comes from inside. It comes from journalists being afraid to do what journalists were put on this green earth to do…
Calling bullshit, of course, used to be central to journalism as well as to comedy. And we happen to be in a period in our history in which the substance in question is running particularly deep. Calling bullshit has never been more vital to our democracy. It also resonates with readers and viewers a lot more than passionless stenography I’m not sure why calling bullshit has gone out of vogue in so many newsrooms — why, in fact, it’s so often consciously avoided. There are lots of possible reasons.
There’s the increased corporate stultification of our industry, to the point where rocking the boat is seen as threatening rather than invigorating. There’s the intense pressure to maintain access to insider sources, even as those sources become ridiculously unrevealing and oversensitive. There’s the fear of being labeled partisan if one’s bullshit-calling isn’t meted out in precisely equal increments along the political spectrum.
If mainstream-media political journalists don’t start calling bullshit more often, then we do risk losing our primacy — if not to the comedians then to the bloggers. I still believe that no one is fundamentally more capable of first-rate bullshit-calling than a well-informed beat reporter - whatever their beat. We just need to get the editors, or the corporate culture, or the self-censorship — or whatever it is — out of the way."
Saturday, June 20, 2009
Friday, June 19, 2009
Parts of rural eastern Germany have depopulated so drastically since re-unification that wolves have returned. According to the German government, there are four packs in eastern Germany with a total population of about 30 wolves.
The emptying out of rural areas that comes with modern agriculture is opening up space for wildlife in our world.
Wednesday, June 17, 2009
In Iran, the notion that the state should be Islamic first and democratic second has wide support. But what does that mean? Who decides what stands on contemporary issues are Islamic? The Iranian system includes committees of Islamic scholars with names like the Council of Guardians that are supposed to speak for Islam in a way removed from mere politics.
What is happening in Iran now is that the Iranian people are unhappy with the way certain forces within the clerical establishment have interfered with their democratic will. Those clerics -- who, depending on the context, are called both "conservative" and "radical", which shows that our categories don't fit them very well -- have fought for a program of tighter social control at home, a strong military (including nuclear weapons), and strong positions against Israel and the US. They have used the powers granted to them under the hybrid constitution to stifle opposing voices who have tried to compete in the democratic part of the government. They have also acted corruptly, using oil money to build up a network of companies and militias under their control.
Now it seems that the clerics have used their control of the electoral apparatus to steal an election. If true, this marks a real change in their behavior, and a flouting of the constitution that gives them their legitimacy. I am not clear on why they would have done this. The powers granted them under the constitution are great, and allowed them to thwart previous reform presidents. It seems that they have simply gotten impatient with the whole business of holding elections and taking the popular will into account at all.
The people are, understandably, outraged.
I suspect that the "revolution" will be defeated, and that the clerics will hold onto power. If they do fall, it will be because they fell out among themselves, because they control most of the real levers of power in Iran, including the army, the militias and the press.
More broadly, I think the violence in Iran is bad news for all the would-be builders of partly democratic systems. Either the people are sovereign, or they are not. They may accept partial power for a while, but in the end I think all such systems will face a crisis like Iran's, in which the people will come into conflict with the other powers, and one or the other will be defeated.
One of Andrew Sullivan's readers sent in this observation: "Leading the populace to believe that its opinion matters is extraordinarily dangerous for a regime that has no intention of listening."
Thursday, June 11, 2009
Archaeologists working at Jamestown have found a piece of slate covered with scratched words and pictures, including the drawing shown above:
Archaeologists and other scientists are still trying to decipher the slate, the first with extensive inscriptions to be found at any 17th-century colonial American site.
The scratched and worn 5-by-8-inch (13-by-20-centimeter) tablet is inscribed with the words "A MINON OF THE FINEST SORTE." Above the words are the letters and numbers "EL NEV FSH HTLBMS 508," interspersed with symbols that have yet to be interpreted. . . .According to [Jamestown curator Beverly] Straube, "minon" is a 17th-century variation of the word "minion" and has numerous meanings, including "servant," "follower," "comrade," "companion," "favorite," or someone dependent on a patron's favor. A minion is also a type of cannon—and archaeologists have found shot at the James Fort site that's the right size for a minion.
Drawings on the slate depict several different flower blossoms and birds that may include an eagle, a songbird, and an owl.
"The crude drawings of birds and flora offer dramatic evidence of how captivated the English were by the natural wonders of the alien New World," excavation director Kelso said. There's also a sketch of an Englishman smoking a pipe and a man, whose right hand seems to be missing, wearing a ruffled collar.
Here, a fairly typical obstacle to one of our shovel testing transects, before clearing:
Saturday, June 6, 2009
Feeling like a little adventure, I took Ben and Clara to the Baltimore Zoo this afternoon. It's cloudy here today, with the temperature in the upper 70s, so I thought the animals would be more active than on a typically hot summer afternoon. Alas, their nap scheduled seems indifferent to the weather, and most of the mammals were snoozing away. We did get some amusement from bouncing lemurs, a prowling leopard (who started his nap as we watched), elephants, giraffes, and birds. I thought the coolest thing we saw was these hamerkops, who were busily gathering beakfuls of sticks to add to their already enormous nest while the other birds looked on, bemused and lazy. The pictures are lousy because I didn't want to use a flash.
There's just something so Dr. No about criminals building their own submarines. From the Washington Post:
When anti-narcotics agents first heard that drug cartels were building an armada of submarines to transport cocaine, they thought it was a joke. Now U.S. law enforcement officials say that more than a third of the cocaine smuggled into the United States from Colombia travels in submersibles.
An experimental oddity just two years ago, these strange semi-submarines are the cutting edge of drug trafficking today. They ferry hundreds of tons of cocaine for powerful Mexican cartels that are taking over the Pacific Ocean route for most northbound shipments, according to the Colombian navy. . . .
The subs are powered by ordinary diesel engines and built of simple fiberglass in clandestine shipyards in the Colombian jungle. U.S. officials expect 70 or more to be launched this year with a potential cargo capacity of 380 tons of cocaine, worth billions of dollars in the United States. . . . The vessels do not fully submerge but skim the sea surface. They move quickly at night, then drift like sleeping whales during the day.
Thursday, June 4, 2009
Here is my crew, excavating a shovel test into a 2000-year-old camp site:
And some wild iris, photographed at dusk along the C&O Canal:
I can see China at least is becoming a better place. After 1989, the Chinese Communist Party decided to make a deal with the Chinese people—to have political cooperation from Chinese people, in exchange for economic freedom. And it’s a lousy deal because those political freedoms and economic freedoms belong to the Chinese people to begin with. Nevertheless, the deal worked. Chinese people took the deal and the Communist Party withdrew from Chinese people’s daily lives. So there is no longer an ideological state, and that is the only way they can keep Chinese people settled for a little freedom, even if it is only economic freedom. The Chinese people started to enjoy the newly-given freedom after 1992, which needed to develop and boom.This was very much my impression of China. The government interferes with daily life no more than any other government, and the people get on with their lives without worrying about big political questions.
I wonder if the success of this arrangement has more to do with traditional Chinese culture, the terrible experience that many older Chinese have had with "politics" from the Great Leap Forward to Tienanmen, or the decline of ideological fervor in the world as a whole. Another explanation, which I have seen in the news lately, is that the middle class of many developing nations is very nervous about the voting power of ill-educated peasants. You can see this playing out in Thailand, where a government elected with the support of poor, rural voters is regarded by the urban middle class as a giant theft ring. So it may be that most of the leaders in Chinese urban society, whether technocrats, businessmen, or intellectuals, is more comfortable with rule by the Communist Party than with rule by the majority of their fellow citizens.
But whatever the reason, my impression is that most Chinese are as happy with their government as most people in the US or Europe (that is, not very), and that things in China will go on as they have been for at least the next 25 years.
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Definition of color wash in English:
Colored calcimine or tempera.
- Using a combination of line drawing and colour wash, Larkin observes the movements of a variety of urban characters.
- Standing at arm's length from the wall, brush the light colour wash over the walls in a haphazard way.
- There are two techniques for color wash application: sponge or brush.
verb(color-wash) [with object] Back to top
Paint (something) with colored calcimine or tempera.
- Half-rendered, half brick walls can be made charming by colour-washing them in smart paint and planting climbers to tone.
- The exhibits are for the most part Matcham's own colour-washed drawings, high-quality full-size reproductions of those held in London's Theatre Museum.
- As a bonus, subtle color-washed drawings by Bob Freeman are used in four stories, borrowed from the original Classic Cars series.
Definition of color wash in:
- British & World English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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Understanding the impacts of climate change on time allocation is a major challenge. The best approach comes from looking at how people react to short-term variations in weather. Research suggests rising temperatures will reduce time spent working and enjoying outdoor leisure, while increasing indoor leisure. The burden will fall disproportionately on workers in industries more exposed to heat and those who live in warmer regions, with the potential to increase existing patterns of inequalities. This is likely to trigger an adaptation, the scope and mechanisms of which are hard to predict, and will undoubtedly entail costs.
Time spent working only decreases for very high temperature events, which rarely occur, though the effect is strong for workers in high-exposure industries.
Up to 27°C, time spent outdoors generally increases with temperature.
Higher winter temperatures may increase time spent on outdoor leisure activities, which bring people more happiness, and are generally more active and thereby healthier.
Men have been found to work more on rainy days while women’s labor supply is fairly stable.
People, especially those who live in areas with hotter summers, are likely to adapt to changing climate and may thereby avoid significant decreases in well-being.
Predicting people’s responses to climate change is inherently difficult.
Studies have mainly focused on the US and Germany, but climate change is a worldwide phenomenon and results may not be generalizable to other countries.
Relatively little is known about how time allocation is affected by weather volatility or extreme weather events.
Warmer summer temperatures are likely to reduce well-being by shifting activities indoors and to have a negative effect on labor productivity.
The scope and mechanisms of the adaptation to climate change are hard to predict and entail costs.
Author's main message
Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to affect the distribution of all climatic variables, including substantial increases in temperatures. Very hot days can lower time spent working and shift leisure from outdoors to indoors. Barring significant—and costly—adaptations, such as increased use of air conditioning or intraday shifting of activities, changing climatic conditions could affect well-being. Despite vast-reaching consequences for humans, little is known about this issue. Developments in terms of data and methodology are desperately needed to shed more light on these effects, which could impact social inequalities, both within and across countries.
Climate change is an issue that will affect all human beings. Climate forecast models for the second half of the 21st century predict a dramatic rise in the number of days featuring temperatures above 35°C (95°F). Though the estimates vary, some models predict that over half of summer days in the US will reach maximum temperatures of above 35°C. How will this affect how people allocate their time? What are the direct and indirect consequences for human well-being and the implications for socio-economic inequalities?
Time is the ultimate finite resource, which puts time allocation at the heart of the human experience. In standard models of labor supply, individuals typically maximize utility, which is a function of their consumption and leisure. A higher wage brings more revenue with which to buy consumption goods, but also a higher opportunity cost of leisure, as measured by foregone earnings. Like any other economic decision, time use responds to various trade-offs regarding the marginal benefits of time spent engaging in various possible activities, subject to a total daily time budget constraint. How one spends his or her time is thus intimately related to economic well-being, since utility is defined by time use.
Ambient temperature has a direct effect on emotional states , and it can be conjectured that rising temperatures due to climate change will have a direct effect on well-being. But climate change will also induce changes in time allocation, which have the potential to further affect individual well-being, above and beyond the more direct effects of temperature itself . The study of time use is therefore an important topic that addresses fundamental features of life: time, work, consumption, and well-being. Studies on how weather affects time allocation offer a framework for thinking about the consequences of climate change on well-being, both through direct impacts and through mechanisms via which weather can further affect it, by impacting on related downstream outcomes such as productivity and health.
Discussion of pros and cons
Climate or weather?
While social scientists have long been interested in the relationship between climate and societies, it is only with the increasing availability of data and greater computer power that researchers have been able to perform sound quantitative research on the topic. Recent empirical studies have relied on short-term variations in some weather attributes, such as daily temperatures, to extrapolate the effect of climate (and climate change) on a given outcome, such as mortality. These short-term, or high-frequency, variations are often assumed to be random, or exogenous, and thus have the potential to generate credible estimates of a cause-and-effect response .
On the other hand, longer-term, or low-frequency, variations better approximate a permanent change in the climate, and may help capture the effect of beliefs about climate on top of its direct effects. However, the use of historical low-frequency variations is more problematic in terms of pinpointing causal effects, since societies tend to evolve faster than the more gradual changes in climate. As a result, there exists a fundamental tension among researchers between the benefits of exploiting low-frequency variations and the desire for credible identification , .
In recent literature, weather variables such as daily maximum or average temperature, rainfall, and wind speed have been linked to health outcomes, agricultural yields, productivity, energy consumption, income, economic growth, migration, crime, and conflict, among others . These linkages enable empirical researchers to enter the response functions of these outcomes to weather shocks in climate projections from the natural sciences, allowing them to predict the effect of climate change . However, this type of projection exercise has not yet been done with respect to time allocation.
There is only limited evidence on the role of weather in determining time allocation, probably in part due to the fact that large-scale time use surveys are relatively recent, and that data from such surveys need to be matched with meteorological information at a fairly fine geographical level. Three studies have looked at the direct relation between weather and time use. The first two rely on the American Time Use Survey, conducted annually in the US since 2003 , ; the third uses time use data from Germany, available from a survey conducted in 2001 and 2002 . However, as climate change is a global phenomenon, studies pertaining to other countries, especially the developing world, would be useful.
Additionally, only one of the above studies discusses what its findings mean in the context of climate change, but even then it shies away from using climate projections to make predictions about the evolution of time use . The other two use exogenous temporary variations in the weather to proxy a change in the shadow cost of leisure, which can be thought of as a wage rate, and thus focus on the estimation of the effect of a wage change in one period on future hours of work , .
Despite limited evidence on the narrow topic of the impacts of weather and climate changes on time use, there are some studies where time allocation, though not the direct focus, is at the heart of the mechanisms explored. For example, in one study that estimates the preferences of US households over local climate attributes, it is clear that the value of climate amenities is determined by the exposure to climate, which itself depends on time allocation . This study finds that a daily average of 18°C (65°F) is the most preferred temperature, and that households are on average ready to pay more to avoid excess heat than cold, together implying that welfare losses will result from climate change that brings higher average temperatures. Behavioral adjustments, including changes in time use, have also been argued to be at the center of the relationship between temperature and morbidity, specifically in a study looking at US emergency hospital visits in California . In this study, hotter days are associated with increased hospital visits, and colder ones with a concurrent decrease followed by a total net increase over the next 30 days. The author posits that if people spend more time indoors during colder days, they could face more exposure to contagious illnesses due to indoor crowding, thus leading to poorer health outcomes in the following days.
Temperature’s impact on work time and leisure
For the general population in the US, temperature does not have a marked effect on time spent working: a downward trend can be observed (with less work at higher temperatures) in the Illustration, but the magnitudes of the effects are small and the estimates are not statistically different from zero . However, as can be observed in Figure 1, the impact is larger for workers in industries that feature a high exposure to heat, defined here as agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, mining, construction, manufacturing, and transportation and utilities. For this group, which represents about 15% of the sample, a decline in work time is seen for temperatures above 29°C (85°F), reaching an hour less of daily work time for days with maximum temperatures above 38°C (100°F) compared with those when the mercury only reached 24–27°C (76–80°F). This is consistent with a declining marginal productivity of labor at very high temperatures , and is reinforced by findings showing that the effect is more likely to happen at the end of a work day . Estimates from Germany do not differentiate between high- and low-exposure industries, but consider differences in gender as well as the flexibility of the work contract . Men do not appear to reallocate their time in response to daily temperature shocks, while women report working less on cold days—below 4°C (39°F)—and more on the hottest days—above 34°C (93°F)—though it is not clear how many observations fall in that high temperature range. Interestingly, the flexibility of the work arrangement does not seem to matter for the responsiveness of time allocation to temperature.
As seen in the Illustration, time spent in outdoor leisure by those in the US declines steadily when maximum temperatures drop under the 24–27°C (76–80°F) range . At −4°C (25°F), outdoor leisure averages 37 minutes less than at 24–27°C. Above that range, the time spent outdoors is fairly stable for the general population, while a decrease is observed for the non-employed, who generally display larger responses (Figure 2). Indoor leisure follows an inverse relationship, with one main difference: very high temperatures are associated with an increase in indoor leisure time. At temperatures above 38°C (100°F), time spent on indoor leisure is 27 minutes longer than for the 24–27°C range. The availability of indoor air conditioning allows individuals to avoid exposure to very high temperatures, by shifting leisure from outdoors to indoors. In the German study, women appear to substitute their work time for leisure at very low temperatures, but high temperatures do not trigger a statistically significant response .
Milder winters, hotter summers, and changes in precipitation patterns
Taken together, the estimated direct effects of temperature on outdoor and indoor leisure could imply significant changes in the type of leisure that people will engage in in the future. Hotter summers are likely to mean less time outdoors and more time indoors, to avoid intensive heat exposure. Conversely, milder winters could trigger a shift from indoor to outdoor leisure. The combined welfare effect of hotter summers and milder winters is unclear, and depends on the extent to which one balances the other. Outdoor activities are generally associated with higher subjective well-being than indoor ones, and with more physically active recreation . There is also a geographic component to be considered: areas that are already warmer, such as the southern US, may see more declines in well-being than areas in the northern parts of the country, with potential consequences for inequality . However, this only considers direct effects, which are the narrowly defined consequences of climate change on well-being operating through changes in time allocation. Indirect effects cascading from changes in time allocation could have a far wider range of impacts, affecting, for example, health and productivity (though these channels have not yet been fully worked out). There are also costs associated with avoidance behavior, whether done through shifting of activities or reliance on air conditioning.
Rainy days are associated with, on average, 30 more minutes of work and 25 fewer minutes of leisure for men in the US . While magnitudes vary slightly, this result is fairly robust across a variety of subgroups defined by attributes such as occupation, region, or type of climate. Women display significantly lower responsiveness to precipitation, with the only result being a small increase in time spent in leisure on rainy days. This could potentially be explained by the fact that, compared with men, women spend less of their leisure time in active sports participation, thus relying less on outdoor sports time. Indeed, women spend, on average, more of their home production and leisure time indoors rather than outdoors on rainy days, whereas men reduce both indoor and outdoor non-work time, to compensate for the extra time spent at work. Findings for Germany, however, do not show much responsiveness to precipitation . These results have been used, based on the intensity of rain for a given day, to estimate the response of hours of work to a change in the wage rate over time, and have found small effects, in line with most of the literature in labor economics . Consequences of climate change include more frequent extreme weather events, an increased variability of precipitation, and a change in the geographical distribution of rain. As such, the impacts of climate change on precipitation are anticipated to be far more varied than the impacts on temperature, and the implications for time allocation have yet to be carefully studied.
Adaptation strategies and substitution behavior
When trying to predict the effects of climate change on time allocation, the question of adaptation must be considered: people are likely to adapt by modifying their behaviors and making investments to avoid the unpleasant consequences of rising temperatures. Although little evidence is available when it comes to time use, researchers have investigated adaptation to climate change for a number of different outcomes, such as crop yields and damage from tropical storms . Comparing how various populations respond to climate variables has made the study of adaptation possible: a more highly adapted group will have a flatter response to a given weather variation, given its ability to adapt and avoid. From this literature an interesting puzzle has emerged: the so-called “adaptation gaps.” Some groups appear already quite well adapted to shocks in certain dimensions. For instance, mortality resulting from very hot days has been found to be lower in hot climates than it is in colder climates, where such hot days are less common and adaptive behaviors (such as the availability of air conditioning) are less developed. But in other dimensions, very little adaptation has been documented: in the US, responses of crop yields and economic productivity to heat have not changed much over time, despite technological innovations. These adaptation gaps have been attributed to various factors, such as costs of adaptation, incentives, credit constraints, or weak governments, but the evidence on the topic is still developing. A better understanding of what makes certain populations adapt more effectively and under which circumstances is a top priority, given the potentially large and unequally distributed impacts of climate change on well-being .
In the context of time allocation, a number of adaptation responses have been investigated, starting with interday substitution: individuals may shift activities across days in order to avoid unpleasant weather, or to take advantage of pleasant days. This intertemporal substitution has been the focus of studies on precipitation which found significant interday substitution between labor and leisure on rainy days . When it comes to temperature responses, time spent working for high-exposure workers do not display patterns of interday substitutions; however, the time spent outdoors for the non-employed does . This suggests that people who do not work spend less time outdoors on very hot days, but then increase their outdoor leisure on following days to make up for the lost time.
Another form of avoidance behavior is intraday substitution, where activities are shifted to times of day when temperatures are lower. To investigate how much this intraday shifting occurs, the responses to temperature can be estimated separately for daytime activities and for twilight activities, where daytime is defined as the time interval from two hours after sunrise to two hours before sunset, and twilight is in the first two hours after sunrise and the two hours right before sunset. Time at work for workers in heat-exposed industries responds to twilight high temperatures much more than it does to daylight temperatures, and that is particularly true for twilight hours at the end of the day . This would seem to indicate that these workers are constrained in their labor supply decisions during core business hours, but that they are able to avoid unpleasantly high temperatures at the end of the work day. The non-employed also display patterns of intraday substitution, by reducing their outdoor leisure time more during daylight than during twilight.
Short-term adaptation can occur as individuals get used to rising temperatures in a relatively short period of time. One way to look at this is to see if people display flatter responses in high temperatures in August compared to June, that is, toward the end of the summer when they have had more exposure to heat over the course of the season. Both work time for the high-exposure workers and outdoor leisure time for the non-employed display responses to very high temperatures of larger magnitudes in June than in August, though because of smaller sample sizes the differences do not turn out to be statistically significant .
Adaptation can also occur over a longer time period: people who live in areas with hotter summers may already be better equipped to deal with very high temperatures when compared with people who reside in cooler climates. This adaptation is perhaps the type that would be expected to be more important when considering climate change, given its longer time horizon. To investigate this dimension of adaptive behavior, one can look at people’s responses to high temperatures depending on whether they live in a US county that historically has had hot or cool summers. The overall pattern of less time at work for workers in high-risk industries and less outdoor leisure time for the non-employed holds for both warm and cool summers; however, the responses displayed by individuals in counties with cool summers are markedly larger, though still not statistically different to the warm-summer ones, given the smaller sample sizes . This again is coherent with a form of adaptation, whereby people who are more used to extreme heat become better prepared to deal with such events.
Limitations and gaps
Time use is central to the human experience, since hours of work and hours of leisure determine basic well-being in standard labor supply models. Yet, there is scant evidence regarding the consequences of climate change on time use. A good start is to use short-term variations in weather conditions to estimate responses to meteorological conditions. While this is a challenge in itself, it raises additional questions when attempting to use this technique to project people’s behavior in the future, because the projections will be based on existing data that cover the current range of temperatures. Careful analysis is needed to make the leap toward climate change and the uncertain changes in temperature and weather patterns that this will entail.
Methodological concerns notwithstanding, researchers’ knowledge on this topic so far covers only two countries, the US and Germany. Moreover, despite what is already known about adaptive behaviors, there is still much uncertainty, as all the current evidence on this matter is based on a single study using US data. The possibility and consequences of, for instance, migration to cooler regions, both within and across countries, has not been formally studied in the context of time allocation. Neither have the costs been taken into account when comparing the various adaptation mechanisms described previously, nor the effects on the existing patterns of socio-economic inequality. Finally, dimensions that have been largely absent from the study of climate change and time use are those related to the increased variability of weather patterns or increased likelihood of extreme weather events.
A very real possibility exists that current patterns of inequality could rise as those with the means to adapt (both within a country like the US, and between developed and developing economies) use their resources to avoid the most unpleasant effects of increasing temperatures. An interesting approach might be to think of time allocation as a mediating variable between climate change and outcomes like health or subjective well-being; this is pointed to in recent research that investigates the relationship between temperature and morbidity, which concludes that behavioral changes in response to weather can affect health . Another avenue for expanding current knowledge would be to update the existing study for the US by including additional years of data from the American Time Use Survey, which currently offers an additional nine years of data at the time of writing. These additional data points would give researchers more power to identify desired effects.
Summary and policy advice
Predicting the implications of climate change on time allocation is a difficult task. Previous work using US data has shown that people respond to short-term higher temperatures by reducing time spent at work and engaging in outdoor leisure, and by increasing indoor leisure. However, a leap has to be made to infer responses to long-term, gradual climate change. By its very nature, climate change will bring temperatures and other weather elements outside of their current ranges, making inference difficult. Moreover, societies can, and will have to, adapt to their new realities. Understanding this adaptation is crucial to be able to distinguish the short-term effects of climate change from its longer-term ones. Furthermore, most of the research has focused on the US, whereas the impacts of climate change will be felt globally. Developing economies likely have fewer resources to invest in adaptive strategies, with potentially substantial consequences for increasing inequality. Policies that facilitate adaptation will help reduce associated costs. For example, allowing more flexible working hours would enable people to adapt more easily to hot temperatures, by shifting their working hours to cooler moments of the day or to cooler days.
The author thanks an anonymous referee and the IZA World of Labor editors for many helpful suggestions on earlier drafts.
The IZA World of Labor project is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The author declares to have observed these principles.
© Marie Connolly
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According to science, this world we live in has existed for about 4.5 billion years; spinning in space while continuously evolving, giving us life as we know it today. Suddenly, almost miraculously, something fascinating happened! Approximately 3 billion years ago, a single celled micro-organism began an incredible journey, exploding into a diverse biota of blue-green algae; commonly known today as marine or aquatic phytoplankton.
Well over 70% of our earth’s oxygen supply comes from these microscopic organisms. They possess a unique and amazing ability to utilize the energy of sunlight to drive the process of photosynthesis which in turn synthesizes oxygen…and without oxygen, life on our planet would be absolutely impossible.
Although I am using the term “blue-green algae,” (aka, chlorella and spirulina and their kin) they are actually cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are classified as bacteria because their genetic material is not organized in a membrane-bound nucleus. And, unlike other types of bacteria, they contain chlorophyll and use the sun as their energy source, in much the same way plants and other forms of algae and seaweed do.
So it comes as no surprise that because of blue-green algae’s evolutionary history and its longevity, a huge amount of interest and science has been directed towards aquatic phytoplankton over these past thirty to forty years. And this research is not just conducted by oceanographic and other aqua explorers. Forty years ago, when the research began, it was preliminary, mostly based on supposition and anecdotal evidence about the potential health benefits of using phytoplankton as a viable food source.
But now, the most recent findings are nothing short of incredible! Advanced molecular technology shows that these ‘plankton’, also contain an array of the most potent and powerful biological substances known to mankind; being of great benefit to our bodies as well as our earth.
Blue-green algae is unparalleled in the animal and plant kingdoms because of its biological efficiency and effectiveness, delivering the highest vitamin, mineral, and phytonutrient content per gram than almost any other substance known! These humble phytoplankton continue to amaze and inspire scientists and laypeople alike…They contain up to 60% protein by weight, compared to 22% for beef, and please keep in mind, that once beef is even slightly cooked, it contains 50% less protein leaving only 11%! Heating, frying, grilling, basically adding any high heat, even for a short amount of time, destroys almost all of the protein content found in animal and fish meats.
Another (relatively new) discovered fact, is that they are now considered a “complete” protein source; containing all nine of the essential amino acids that we cannot produce in our own bodies, and these amino acids are contained in great abundance in every single cell of these phytoplankton. Additionally they include almost every other element in the “Periodic Table of Elements;” each one in proper balance and totally bio-available to your body, almost instantly upon ingestion!
From a biological standpoint, they are the richest, most nutritionally dense food source on the planet. It’s no wonder then that people’s lives and their health have been transformed forever, when they begin supplementing with blue-green algae on a regular, daily basis!
This begs the question of why we don’t hear much about this, if only for our own health. Well, one primary reason is the harvester/producers don’t have as big a voice, lobbying power or nearly as much money, as the dairy, beef, and poultry industries have! Another reason may be that these potent micro-organisms just don’t seem as appetizing or as friendly to eat” to the modern day palate, especially when compared to most of the other things people are tempted to eat. Most people prefer their food cooked (or dead) before they eat it, even if it’s a powerful and nutritious substance that might well be the key to attaining and maintaining optimal health.
Today, some forty years later, through science and technology we’re finally discovering the truth about these “aquatic phytoplankton.” Chlorella, spirulina and other blue-green algae may just become the next “evolutionary” food, while at the same time, becoming our most effective agent for fighting disease. We currently live in a chemical world, and we’re confronted by toxins everywhere we go. Fortunately, these microscopic miracles are also known to be powerful natural detoxifiers, and purifiers; they can even eliminate radiation and heavy metal toxins from deep within our bodies, down to a cellular level.
One of the best products on the market today is E3live – a type of “wild” blue-green algae known as Aphanizomenon Flos-Aqua (AFA for short) that grows in the glacier fed Klamath Lake in Oregon, which is extremely mineral rich. E3Live, is a wild-grown, organic, USDA approved, certified kosher liquid super-food that has more blood-building, oxygen-attracting chlorophyll than any other food substance. It has every mineral, all the B vitamins including Vitamin B12 (human active) and is a complete protein. E3Live%
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Recognizing the Impact on Families During Brain Injury Awareness Month
RANDOLPH, Mass., March 12, 2013 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ — The learning curve is steep for parents who learn their child has been diagnosed with a brain disorder – a reality that many find incredibly daunting. Faced with all the unknowns and unanswered questions, their journey forward can often be overwhelming.
New challenges await both child and family as the formal education process begins, or picks up again after a brain injury. “No two sets of circumstances are ever the same, but there are some universal strategies for helping families get to a healthy place so they, in turn, can effectively support their child who is becoming a student,” says Gary Pace , Ph.D., BCBA-D, Senior Vice President of Neurorehabilitation Services at May Institute. Dr. Pace also serves as Supervising Psychologist for the Institute’sschool for children and adolescents with brain injury and brain disorder in Brockton, Mass.
Dr. Pace has worked with children who have suffered traumatic and acquired brain injury and brain disorders for more than 25 years. He offers these tips on how parents can most effectively focus their energies throughout their child’s education.
Know what works. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is highly effective in meeting the educational and behavioral needs of children with brain injury/disorders. ABA is a methodology that uses scientific interventions and facilitates the development of language, social interactions, and independent living. It is individualized for every child and includes teaching in small steps, using positive reinforcement, prompting, and many opportunities for practice. Educators and clinicians collect data to assess progress and to make frequent revisions and modifications, as necessary. They work particularly hard to set the occasion for positive behavior. This means focusing on those things that make it easier for the student to learn and to avoid problem behaviors.
Avoid setting up expectations for a specific outcome. It is often impossible to predict how the human brain will compensate for the deficits involved with many brain disorders or injuries, or what the timeline will be. Brain injury or disorder is often complicated by other associated conditions, multiplying the number of factors influencing a prognosis.
Children will mature and develop at their own pace. Being prepared to accept the unknown enhances your ability to “be in the present.” It also gives you more energy to celebrate the day-to-day victories that are so important to all children.
Your child’s success is tied to your success. The challenges of managing the day-to-day routine can overwhelm your emotional, mental, and/or physical resources. When you sense that you are losing the ability to function effectively as a spouse/partner, parent or employee, it’s time to reach out to extended family, your social network, and community and professional resources. People close to you generally want the opportunity to help; so let them.
One of the most important goals for your child is to be able to generalize classroom behavior in home and community settings. The health and stability of the family unit plays an important role in achieving this milestone – and vice versa.
Respect each other. Just as you make allowances for the child with the brain injury or disorder, allow for the differences in the way each member of your family communicates and processes the events and emotions that come from caring for a loved one with special needs. No one’s method of expression, or need, is any more or less valid than another’s. Recognizing and responding to the needs of the entire family will be a valuable asset in teaching your child important social skills and values.
Follow your gut. No one knows your child better than you do. Maintaining strong communication with your child’s teacher/provider will help to ensure that your concerns and questions are consistently reflected in your child’s individual education plan (IEP).
About May Institute and the May Center for Education and Neurorehabilitation
The May Center for Education and Neurorehabilitation, based in Brockton, Mass., is one of only a few pediatric programs in the U.S. that focuses on both education and rehabilitation of children and adolescents (ages 5-22) with brain injury or neurological disorders.
The Center is part of May Institute, a national nonprofit organization that provides educational, rehabilitative, and behavioral healthcare services to individuals with brain injury, autism spectrum disorders and other developmental disabilities, mental illness, and behavioral health needs.
For more information, call 800.778.7601 or visit www.mayinstitute.org.
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Women of Washington is an educational organization with a focus on understanding local, national, and global issues that are critical to our world today.
March 27, 2020
And yet, there are glimmers of hope and opportunity. Across the nation, fifty million K-12 students have been sent home from school, perhaps for the rest of the school year.
1. Some school districts continue to provide content online for the students. This is a wonderful opportunity for parents to sit in the "classroom" with their children and see what they are actually learning.
2. Knowing that parents are now watching, teachers and districts will have to be more careful about the ideas they are presenting to the children. It will be interesting to see what Comprehensive Sex Education will look like when streamed into the home...
3. Parents are finding that they need to homeschool their children and perhaps they will find that they are more than capable of teaching their own children. Parents are learning that a day's content can often be fit into a few hours of teaching and they are getting the opportunity to reconnect with their families.
July 27, 2018
AMERICAN PRINCIPLES PROJECT FOUNDATION
before the U.S. HOUSE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND THE WORKFORCE
January 30, 2018
Madam Chairman and members of the committee:
My name is Jane Robbins, and I’m with the American Principles Project Foundation, which works to restore our nation’s founding principles. I appreciate the opportunity to speak to you today about protecting citizens’ privacy when evaluating government programs, especially in the area of education.
July 24, 2018
Our Founding Fathers understood the importance of education. The Northwest Ordinance encouraged education: “Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged.”
November 10, 2017
In 1843, U.S. Representative Horace Mann went to Germany, liked what he saw and brought it home to America. Within 50 years, the Prussian education system replaced traditional education in the U.S. Horace was rewarded with the title of “Father of American Public Schooling.”
September 8, 2017
American schools graduate legislators who don’t understand our Constitution and voters that don’t know the difference. They produce journalists that no longer seek or report on the truth. Scientists are trained to put public policy and consensus ahead of scientific method. Our schools have created a population eager to erase history in the name of “sensitivity.”
September 8, 2017
The future of our nation, and perhaps liberty itself, is trapped in failing schools. This is not about increased funding, smaller class sizes or better standards. Social engineers are diligently working to destroy the intellect of the children of America, indoctrinating them to blindly accept their role as compliant cogs in the planned global socialist utopia.
Here we begin a series of articles that will look at what has been called by Charlotte Iserbyt: the Deliberate Dumbing Down of America. This series will address the war which is being waged against our nation, using our children who are being held captive in schools that have replaced the teaching of facts with operant conditioning and thought with indoctrination. This is a war against our children; a war against our values. This is a war we must not lose.
March 19, 2017
Carol M. Swain, a political scientist at Vanderbilt University,considers Islam a dangerous religion that is incompatible with Western notions of freedom. She calls the Black Lives Matter movement a "very destructive force." She has suggested that the women who marched on Washington were "fighting for the selfish right to kill their unborn babies.
"Such views have made the Christian conservative Republican an outlier in the upper precincts of academe. At Vanderbilt, where she has been a professor of political science and law since 1999, students called her a bigot and petitioned for her suspension.
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What is a Magnet School?
According to the United States Department of Education, magnet refers to a public elementary or secondary school or program that has one of three goals as its focus:
- It is designed to attract students from diverse social, economic, ethnic, and racial backgrounds.
- It aims to create an academic focus or social focus on a chosen theme
- It aims to do both of the above simultaneously
How is a Magnet School different from a Traditional Public School?
One of the main differences is that magnet schools are schools of choice. While magnet schools tend to be designed to attract students from diverse social, economic, ethnic, and racial backgrounds, traditional public schools tend not to have this as an over-riding design element. In addition, magnet schools tend to have an academic focus or social focus on a chosen theme, while traditional public schools do not.
Who can attend Burlington's Magnet Schools?
Anyone who lives in the Burlington School District may attend the magnet schools. Depending on space availability, students living outside the Burlington School District may apply and, if accepted, choose to pay tuition to attend either magnet school.
How does the application process work?
Information about registering for any of our elementary schools can be found here. For students already enrolled in any of the Burlington elementary schools one simply needs to complete this magnet school application and mail or bring it in to any of our schools or to our Central Office at 150 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05401.
What are the Magnet School choices in Burlington?
In Burlington, students have two choices of magnet schools: the Integrated Arts Academy at H.O. Wheeler (IAA) and the Sustainability Academy at Lawrence Barnes (SA).
At IAA, students learn through the lens of the four art forms: movement, drama, music and visual arts. More information cana be found at www.iaa.bsdvt.org.
At SA, students learn through the lens of sustainability - by exploring our diverse society, our local economy and the environment through hands-on projects. More information can be found at www.sa.bsdvt.org.
What research is there about Magnet Schools?
During the planning stages of creating our magnet schools, we gathered the following research around this question.
Other useful links include this one from the US Dept. of Education titled: Work with Parents & the Community - Innovations in Education: Creating Successful Magnet School Programs.
Click here for an article about magnet schools in educationbug.org.
Another useful link is this site for Magnet Schools of America.
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Chronic fatigue syndrome, also known as chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome, is a puzzling medical condition that usually strikes women ages 30 to 50, though the condition can affect anyone, according to the National Institutes of Health. Up to 1 million people in the United States are affected by chronic fatigue syndrome, or CFS, according to the Solve ME/CFS Initiative (formerly the Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome Association of America).
Because there is no known cause or even specific diagnosis for the malady, doctors and the general public have historically puzzled over whether CFS is real. But many doctors today view the syndrome as a serious medical condition requiring treatment, according to Dr. Richard Podell, a clinical professor in the department of family medicine at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by extreme fatigue that lasts for at least six consecutive months and that is made worse by physical activity and stress, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). This fatigue isn't the normal tiredness that might result from not getting enough rest or engaging in strenuous physical activity. Those with CFS feel fatigue regardless of the amount of rest they get, and this condition gets in the way of everyday life, making normal daily activities and work difficult, Podell told Live Science.
Many of those with CFS also experience bouts of intense exhaustion — sometimes accompanied by other symptoms — after engaging in physical activity. Known as post-exertional malaise, these periods of exhaustion can last for 24 hours or more, according to the CDC. In addition to such exhaustion, the CDC uses the following list of symptoms to diagnose CFS:
- Impaired short-term memory and concentration
- Muscle pain
- Joint pain not accompanied by swelling or redness
- Tender lymph nodes in the neck or armpit
- Frequent or recurring sore throat
There are also many other symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome that the CDC does not always use to diagnose the condition. These include:
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Depression or other psychological problems
- Chills and night sweats
- Dizziness and balance problems
- Sensitivity to certain smells, noises or foods
- Insomnia and other sleep problems
The cause of chronic fatigue syndrome is still something of a mystery to researchers. Over the past several decades, medical studies examined if the condition was contagious (spread person-to-person or animal-to-person), but found no evidence that it is. Studies have also failed to support an association between the condition and a number of transmissible diseases.
However, one study conducted in 2009 by researchers with the National Institutes of Health found a connection between CFS and a newly discovered virus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus, or XMRV. Subsequent research linked CFS to other, similar viruses. But four studies published in 2010 suggested that the original study by NIH-funded scientists was flawed. By 2011, all research connecting CFS to viral diseases had been retracted by the scientific journals that had originally published the findings, according to the journal Nature.
Researchers are still exploring possible links between other infectious agents and chronic fatigue syndrome. According to the CDC, some of the possible infectious agents that have been studied in the past or which are still under investigation include:
- Epstein-Barr virus infection, also known as mononucleosis
- Human herpesvirus 6 infection, which commonly affects AIDS patients and organ transplant recipients taking immune-suppressant drugs
- Enterovirus infection, a virus that targets the gastrointestinal tract
- Rubella, or German measles
- Candida albicans, a fungus that causes yeast infections
- Bornaviruses, which result in an infectious neurological syndrome
- Mycoplasma, which causes a type of pneumonia
- Ross River virus, which causes a type of mosquito-borne disease
- Coxiella burnetii, which causes Q fever, a bacterial infection that can affect the lungs, liver, heart and other parts of the body
Some studies also suggest that CFS may be caused by an inflammation along the nervous system as a response to the immune system, according to the NIH. The agency additionally cites age, stress, the environment and genetics as possible causes. Hypotension (chronic low blood pressure), depression, anemia and allergies are among the causes proposed by the Mayo Clinic.
Diagnosis & tests
A doctor will only diagnose chronic fatigue syndrome after ruling out all other reasons for fatigue in a process known as a diagnosis of exclusion. Factors that must first be ruled out include immune disorders, drug dependence, infection, endocrine disorders, tumors, and psychiatric and psychological illnesses like depression and muscle or nerve disease, according to the NIH.
A number of factors complicate diagnosis, including the fact that there is no laboratory test or biomarker for CFS. Fatigue and many of the other symptoms of the condition resemble those associated with a range of other illnesses, further complicating diagnosis. The condition is characterized by periods of remission and relapse, which means that patients who have the syndrome may not always appear to be suffering from it. And because symptoms vary widely, it is difficult for medical professionals to pin down exact diagnostic criteria.
Treatment & medication
No known medication or treatment can completely cure chronic fatigue syndrome. The Centers for Disease Control encourages people with the condition to create a support group of doctors, therapists and family members. That's because not only do patients with the syndrome have to deal with extreme tiredness, but also the uncertainty of when a certain symptom will take place, potential loss of independence, mood swings, changes in relationships with friends and family as a result of the tiredness and potential irritability, decreased sexual appetite, and poor memory, according to the CDC.
Though no cure for CFS has yet been identified, research into treating the condition is ongoing. Podell listed several researchers — including Dr. Jose Montoya at Stanford School of Medicine in California — who are exploring the effectiveness of using antiviral medication to treat CFS patients who have abnormally high levels of antibodies for Epstein-Barr virus and herpes virus.
Even though it's not possible to cure the syndrome, it is possible to treat the symptoms. Keeping a healthy diet, taking antidepressants (if relevant), learning good sleep management techniques, taking necessary medication for pain and undergoing cognitive behavioral therapy can improve the condition, according to the NIH. It's also a good idea to know your limits in stressful or challenging activity and your tiredness levels.
Reducing stress and promoting relaxation through biofeedback, deep breathing, massage, meditation and yoga also help patients cope with chronic fatigue syndrome, according to the NIH.
This article is for informational purposes only, and is not meant to offer medical advice.
- Based on five studies, a systematic review published by the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews cautiously concludes that exercise therapy is a promising treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome.
- Some people with CFS cannot work and can apply for disability benefits through the Social Security Administration.
- The Solve ME/CFS Initiative (SMCI) offers a webinar series on CFS research. The series is archived on SMCI's website.
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How much drinking water do you need and what is the best way to store it?
During and after an emergency or disaster, having clean drinking water is the most important item to have yet it is often the most difficult item to come by. Your local utilities might no longer function or provide contaminated water and even if you can reach local stores, their supplies will very likely be gone very quickly.
It is therefore extremely important to have a supply of water available and recommendations for humans are:
1 gallon per person per day as the minimum short term supply
2 to 3 gallons for long term to include special needs and washing
And if you own pets, please do not forget to plan for them as well. Pets do not understand the need to ration and if you do not supply enough water to them, they might try to wander off, possibly finding and drinking questionable water elsewhere. On average, for cats and dogs and depending on pet size, plan 2 to 6 cups per pet per day.
How can water be stored and what type of containers should I use?
We recommend to store water in 3 different categories:
Drinking Water for Short Term Storage:
This is drinking water that is purchased in local stores and is rotated through daily use for drinking and cooking. You can store several trays with smaller portion sized bottles or use the larger 3 to 5 gallon bottles from a delivery service or filled at your local water store. Factory sealed bottles can usually be kept for approximately 9 months, but check the dates on the bottles for your own safety. For self-filled bottles such as 3 to 5 gallon jugs from the local water store, replace the water every 6 months to ensure drinkability without the need to boil the water first.
Drinking Water for Long Term Storage:
This is drinking water that is not used on a daily basis, but set aside for use in an emergency situation;
To initially satisfy the needs of the US military for long term storage of safe drinking water, purified drinking water with a 5 year shelf life was developed and has since been made available to the public through distributors like us. This 5 year shelf life water is US Coast Guard approved and comes in convenient pouches which makes it ideal to ration or take on trips in smaller amounts. The water is sealed in air tight pouches that can not be penetrated by sun light, preventing bacteria growth inside and thus guaranteeing the 5 years of shelf life. The 5 year shelf life water is available by clicking here: Emergency Drinking Water
Drinking Water for washing, rinsing or use after boiling:
This is water that is set aside for use in an emergency situation but does not include drinking without receiving prior treatment first.
Bottled water that is stored past the recommended shelf life does not have to be drained and wasted. If you have the ability to boil the water, you can still make it safe to drink, provided that the containers were properly stored, remained sealed and no substantial bacteria contamination occurred. Find out more here: boil water
If you can not boil the water to make it safe for drinking then it can still be used for washing, showering, rinsing and other sanitary purposes.
Glass Containers can break and are rather heavy compared to plastic, but they offer excellent penetration protection against vapors and gases that could leak through plastic containers for example.
Plastic Containers are lightweight and significantly more resistant to breaking compared to glass. However plastic materials vary and if containers are used for food and water storage, only containers made from FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved materials should be selected. Plastic containers made from non food-grade materials may leach (bleed) chemicals from their surface that can contaminate the food and products stored inside. These chemicals leak as vapors over time and are not readily detectable through smell, touch or visually. See our Storage Containers here: Food Grade Containers
Methods of drinking water storage:
Water in factory sealed clear plastic bottles should be stored at room temperature and shall not be opened until the time of consumption. It is furthermore important to store these type of clear bottles short term away from direct sunlight and long term away from indirect sunlight to prevent bacteria growth inside the bottles.
Water in our factory sealed pouches with a 5 year shelf life however can be stored under extreme conditions with a temperature range from -40F to +230F. The pouches can not be penetrated by sun light either, which prevents the growth of bacteria inside.
Water in large drums such as 30 to 55 gallon size containers should be stored in a clean location, preferably indoors, and without exposure to extreme temperature changes or direct sunlight. Also keep in mind that you will need to drain your barrel or drum if you live in an area where temperatures could drop below freezing to prevent the drums from bursting due to ice expansion.
Water Storage Location Selection:
Emergency supplies should be stored in one or several locations that are safe for you to access during and after an emergency.
For storage locations, follow this link: Storage Locations
Drinking Water Safety
1. Tap water from the faucet:
During normal times, tap water as supplied by your local municipality is usually safe to drink (check with your local water service utility provider for details such as a water quality report, etc.). However during various type emergency events that tap water can become contaminated, rendering it unsafe to consume without treatment or sometimes even with treatment. Obvious signs of potentially unsafe drinking water are discoloring such as brown water, foreign substances in the water, very low water pressure that could indicate a line breakage which in turn could cause 'backflow' of contaminated water into the system. Listing all the types of possibilities of how and why water could become unsafe to drink is not viable here and we therefore suggest you pay close attention to local media to get alerted if there are changes in the quality of your drinking water.
2. Bottled water:
While bottled water that is purchased at local retail stores or brought to your home through delivery services is generally safe to drink for as long as the seal remains intact and it has not reached the expiration date, water that has been bottled by yourself might require treatment once it has been stored for some time. The reason for the requirement to treat is that during the filling process the water came in direct contact with air which is a natural carrier for airborne bacteria. This bacteria has been mixed in with the water during the filling process and remains in the bottle. Exposure to sunlight (direct or indirect) and temperature will allow for growth of the bacteria. While the growth ratio might be very slow, given several months of time, it could lead to unsafe drinking water.
The most common and easiest way to treat water is by boiling it. Find out more here: boil water
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The importance of constraint is one well known to those who embark on creative endeavors. Tell someone, "you can do anything you want: anything at all," and they will blank, paralyzed by the infinite possibility. Artists welcome constraint. Writers like the constraint of a sonnet because it imposes form and gives a place to start; roleplaying groups like the constraint of a campaign setting because it imposes rules and sets the scene for the story to be told; jazz musicians like the constraint of the chords underlying an improvisation because it keeps the soloist anchored to the source tune and suggests ideas for the melody.
However, many programmers don't the like the constraint of a type system. "The static type system doesn't let me do what I want to." "I needed to write four classes for what would have been two lines of Python!" "What? I can't do that? Why not?" For them, it's like a straightjacket. How does anyone ever get anything done when constraint ties you up?
I beg to differ. Accept the straightjacket. The things it will let you do... are surprising.
The straitjacket was historically used as an implement to prevent dangerous individuals from harming themselves and others. Programmers are not quite mental asylum inmates, though at a glance it may seem that we've been trying to reduce the ways for us to hurt ourselves. But such changes have often brought with them benefits, and many have eagerly traded away pointers and manual memory management for increased expressiveness.
Static types, however, are still a pain point for many people, and Haskell is an unusually constrained language due to its type system. An overenthusiastic user of Haskell's type system might exclaim, "after I made it typecheck, it just worked!" Of course, this statement is not actually true; there is a certain essential complexity to classes of algorithms that mean the type system won't catch the fact that you seeded your hash function with the wrong magic number.
But not all code is like this. A lot of code is just plain boring. It's the code that generates your website, or logs your errors; it's the code that serves as the glue for your build infrastructure, or it shuffles data from a file into an in-memory representation into a database. It's the code is foundational; it is the code that lets you express simple ideas simply. When you look at the development of this code, the errors being made are very simple mental typos, they're the ones that take a total of fifteen seconds to track down and fix once they manifest, but if rolled up in the time it takes to run your test suite or, dare I say it, manually test, quickly ticks to the minutes. A fast static type checker saves you so much pain, whether or not it is a Haskell compiler or pylint -e. The difference is that pylint -e is optional; there is no guarantee that any given Python project will play nicely with it, and it is frequently wrong. The Haskell compiler is not.
This is a specific manifestation of a more general phenomenon: types reduce the number of ways things can go wrong. This applies for complicated code too; (a -> r) -> r may not illuminate the meaning of the continuation to you, but it certainly puts a lot of restrictions on how you might go about implementing them. This makes it possible to look at the types without any understanding of what they mean, and mechanically derive half of the solution you're looking for.
This is precisely how types increase expressiveness: it's really hard for people to understand dense, highly abstracted code. Types prevent us from wading too far off into the weeds and make handling even more powerful forms of abstractions feasible. You wouldn't rely on this in Python (don't write Haskell in Python!), and in the few cases I've written higher-order functions in this language, I've been sure to also supply Haskell style type signatures. As Simon Peyton Jones has said, the type offers a "crisp" succinct definition of what a function does.
Even more striking is Haskell's solution to the null pointer problem. The exception that strikes terror in the hearts of the Java programmer is the NullPointerException: it's a runtime exception, which means that it doesn't need to be explicitly declared in the throws specification of a method; a testament to the fact that basically any dereference could trigger this exception. Even in Java, a language of static typing, the type system fails to encode so basic a fact as "am I guaranteed to get a value here?"
Haskell's answer to this problem is the Maybe type, which explicitly states in the type of a function that the value could be Nothing (null) or Just a (the value). Programmers are forced to recognize that there might not be anything, and explicitly handle the failure case (with maybe) or ignore it (with fromJust, perhaps more appropriately named unsafeFromJust). There's nothing really special about the data type itself; I could have written a Java generic that had the same form. The key is the higher order functions that come along with the Functor, Applicative, Monad, MonadPlus, Monoid and other instances of this type. I'd run straight into a wall if I wanted to write this in Java:
pureOperation <$> maybeVal
<$>, a higher order function also known as fmap, is critical to this piece of code. The equivalent Java would have to unpack the value from the generic, perform the operation on it, and the pack it up again (with conditionals for the case that it was empty). I could add a method that implements this to the Maybe interface, but then I wouldn't have an elegant way of passing pureOperation to these method without using anonymous classes... and you've quickly just exploded into several (long) lines of Java. It becomes dreadfully obvious why the designers didn't opt for this approach: an already verbose language would get even more verbose. Other languages aren't quite as bad, but they just don't get close to the conciseness that a language that celebrates higher order operators can give you.
In summary, while it may seem odd to say this about a language that has (perhaps undeservedly) earned a reputation for being hard to understand, but the constraint of Haskell's type system increases the tolerance of both writer and reader for abstraction that ultimately increases expressiveness. Problems that people just shrugged and claimed, "if you want to fix that, you'll have to add tons of boilerplate," suddenly become tractable. That's powerful.
One final note for the escape artists out there: if you need the dynamic typing (and I won't claim that there aren't times when it is necessary), you can wriggle out of the static type system completely! Just do it with caution, and not by default.
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Description and Brand Names
Drug information provided by: IBM Micromedex
US Brand Name
Manganese supplements are used to prevent or treat manganese deficiency.
The body needs manganese for normal growth and health. For patients who are unable to get enough manganese in their regular diet or who have a need for more manganese, manganese supplements may be necessary. Manganese helps your body break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. It does so as part of several enzymes.
Manganese deficiency has not been reported in humans. Lack of manganese in animals has been found to cause improper formation of bone and cartilage, may decrease the body's ability to use sugar properly, and may cause growth problems.
Injectable manganese supplements are given by or under the supervision of a health care professional.
Importance of Diet
For good health, it is important that you eat a balanced and varied diet. Follow carefully any diet program your health care professional may recommend. For your specific dietary vitamin and/or mineral needs, ask your health care professional for a list of appropriate foods. If you think that you are not getting enough vitamins and/or minerals in your diet, you may choose to take a dietary supplement.
Manganese is found in whole grains, cereal products, lettuce, dry beans, and peas.
The daily amount of manganese needed is defined in several different ways.
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are the amount of vitamins and minerals needed to provide for adequate nutrition in most healthy persons. RDAs for a given nutrient may vary depending on a person's age, sex, and physical condition (e.g., pregnancy).
Daily Values (DVs) are used on food and dietary supplement labels to indicate the percent of the recommended daily amount of each nutrient that a serving provides. DV replaces the previous designation of United States Recommended Daily Allowances (USRDAs).
Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) are used to determine the amounts of vitamins, minerals, and protein needed to provide adequate nutrition and lessen the risk of chronic disease.
Because a lack of manganese is rare, there is no RDA or RNI for it. The following daily intakes are thought to be plenty for most individuals:
Infants and children—
Birth to 3 years of age: 0.3 to 1.5 milligrams (mg).
4 to 6 years of age: 1.5 to 2 mg.
7 to 10 years of age: 2 to 3 mg.
Adolescents and adults—2 to 5 mg.
This product is available in the following dosage forms:
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Job Requirements for a Logistics Manager
Logistics management involves the flow of materials and goods through a business. Logistics workers, or supply chain managers, oversee the departments that receive materials and supplies into a business. The manager supervises the warehousing and stocking departments, and shipping operations. Businesses rely on the efficiency of the organization’s supply chain to meet customer demand and deliver finished products on time and within budget.
Job Description and Duties
Logistics manager job description includes overseeing the movement, distribution and storage of materials in an organization, according to Indeed. Managers control the flow of incoming materials and outgoing finished products to ensure customers receive products on time. Logistics managers oversee warehouse, inventory control, material handling, customer service, transportation and planning workers. They hire, train and evaluate employees.
Managers prepare worker schedules and ensure warehousing and distribution workers follow safety rules. The manager may prepare reports for upper management; negotiate shipping and supplier costs; and work to improve the efficiency of the company’s supply chain.
Logistics Manager Education
According to Study.com, most logistics managers have a bachelor’s degree. Bachelor’s degree programs in supply chain management, logistics or business administration can provide the education to work in the logistics industry in a management position. Courses in a supply chain management or logistics degree program include distribution, purchasing, warehousing and storage, and operations in logistics.
Degree programs also include business management courses such as accounting, management, business law and economics. Courses such as purchasing or procurement cover subjects such as supplier negotiation, contracts and outsourcing. Students may also complete coursework in lean manufacturing, which is a production practice that minimizes waste and requires an efficient flow of materials into a company.
In addition to college coursework in logistics and supply chain management, employers may prefer job candidates with experience in logistics operations. Some employers select logistics managers with experience in the particular industry, such as electronics manufacturing. Logistics managers with experience in an industry understand the special requirements that may be needed when storing or transporting raw materials and finished goods.
For example, electronics manufacturers may prefer job candidates with experience packaging and handling products sensitive to electrostatic shock. Food manufacturers may hire logistics managers with experience in the storage and distribution of perishable food items.
Logistics managers skills must include good verbal and written communication skills to direct employees and prepare reports for upper management. Managers have the ability to act decisively to resolve problems. Logistics managers must have the skills to perform any of the duties in the warehousing and distribution department of a business. Managers must have strong interpersonal skills because the roles of logistics manager includes motivating and instructing employees in the company.
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9 Victims of King Tut's Curse (And One Who Should Have Been)
On November 4, 1922, a team of archaeologists led by Howard Carter discovered a step that marked the entrance to King Tutankhamen's tomb. When King Tut's tomb itself was discovered on November 26, 1922—after more than 3000 years of uninterrupted repose—some believed the pharaoh unleashed a powerful curse of death and destruction upon all who dared disturb his eternal slumber.
Like any urban legend or media sensation, the alleged curse grew to epic proportions over the years. Here are nine people who might make you believe in such things, and one who should have been a direct recipient of Tut's wrath but got off with nary a scratch.
1. GEORGE HERBERT, 5TH EARL OF CARNARVON
The man who financed the excavation of King Tut's tomb was the first to succumb to the supposed curse. Lord Carnarvon accidentally tore open a mosquito bite while shaving and ended up dying of blood poisoning shortly thereafter. This occurred a few months after the tomb was opened and a mere six weeks after the press started reporting on the "mummy's curse," which was thought to afflict anyone associated with disturbing the mummy. Legend has it that when Lord Carnarvon died, all of the lights in his house mysteriously went out.
2. SIR BRUCE INGHAM
Howard Carter, the archaeologist who discovered the tomb, gave a paperweight to his friend Ingham as a gift. The paperweight appropriately (or perhaps quite inappropriately) consisted of a mummified hand wearing a bracelet that was supposedly inscribed with the phrase, "cursed be he who moves my body." Ingham's house burned to the ground not long after receiving the gift, and when he tried to rebuild, it was hit with a flood.
3. GEORGE JAY GOULD
Gould was a wealthy American financier and railroad executive who visited the tomb of Tutankhamen in 1923 and fell sick almost immediately afterward. He never really recovered and died of a pneumonia a few months later.
4. AUBREY HERBERT
It's said that Lord Carnarvon's half-brother suffered from King Tut's curse merely by being related to him. Aubrey Herbert was born with a degenerative eye condition and became totally blind late in life. A doctor suggested that his rotten, infected teeth were somehow interfering with his vision, and Herbert had every single tooth pulled from his head in an effort to regain his sight. It didn't work. He did, however, die of sepsis as a result of the surgery, just five months after the death of his supposedly cursed brother.
5. HUGH EVELYN-WHITE
Evelyn-White, a British archaeologist, visited Tut's tomb and may have helped excavate the site. After seeing death sweep over about two dozen of his fellow excavators by 1924, Evelyn-White hung himself—but not before writing, allegedly in his own blood, "I have succumbed to a curse which forces me to disappear."
6. AARON EMBER
American Egyptologist Aaron Ember was friends with many of the people who were present when the tomb was opened, including Lord Carnarvon. Ember died in 1926, when his house in Baltimore burned down less than an hour after he and his wife hosted a dinner party. He could have exited safely, but his wife encouraged him to save a manuscript he had been working on while she fetched their son. Sadly, they and the family's maid died in the catastrophe. The name of Ember's manuscript? The Egyptian Book of the Dead.
7. RICHARD BETHELL
Bethell was Lord Carnarvon's secretary and the first person behind Carter to enter the tomb. He died in 1929 under suspicious circumstances: He was found smothered in his room at an elite London gentlemen's club. Soon after, the Nottingham Post mused, "The suggestion that the Hon. Richard Bethell had come under the ‘curse’ was raised last year, when there was a series of mysterious fires at it home, where some of the priceless finds from Tutankhamen’s tomb were stored." No evidence of a connection between artifacts and Bethell's death was established, though.
8. SIR ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS REID
Proving that you didn't have to be one of the excavators or expedition backers to fall victim to the curse, Reid, a radiologist, merely x-rayed Tut before the mummy was given to museum authorities. He got sick the next day and was dead three days later.
9. JAMES HENRY BREASTED
Breasted, another famous Egyptologist of the day, was working with Carter when the tomb was opened. Shortly thereafter, he allegedly returned home to find that his pet canary had been eaten by a cobra—and the cobra was still occupying the cage. Since the cobra is a symbol of the Egyptian monarchy, and a motif that kings wore on their headdresses to represent protection, this was a rather ominous sign. Breasted himself didn't die until 1935, although his death did occur immediately after a trip to Egypt.
10. HOWARD CARTER
Carter never had a mysterious, inexplicable illness and his house never fell victim to any fiery disasters. He died of lymphoma at the age of 64. His tombstone even says, "May your spirit live, may you spend millions of years, you who love Thebes, sitting with your face to the north wind, your eyes beholding happiness." Perhaps the pharaohs saw fit to spare him from their curse.
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So, they often say that the best way to be noticed at a party is to show up late and make a grand entrance, right? Well, we’re heeeeerrrreeee!! No wait. Actually, we’re baaaaaccckk!! Let me explain.
In 1999, Keith Gilyard wrote a CCC’s article entitled “African American Contributions to Composition Studies.” In that article, he traces the many ideas brought to Composition Studies by African American scholars. However, what he also shows so clearly, even if unintentionally, is that all of these early scholars who laid the foundation for conversations about race and the African American Vernacular were faculty members at HBCUs. It wasn’t until the Civil Rights movement, when black scholars had more opportunities, that many then left Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and took their talents to Predominantly-White Institutions (PWIs). Here are just a few scholars and HBCUs that Gilyard highlights in his article:
- In 1931, Howard University professor Lorenzo Dow Turner became the first African American member of the Linguistic Society of America. His 1949 text Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect “aimed to dispel notions that African-derived language systems, what became popularly known as Black English a couple of decades later, should be regarded as inherently inferior” (Gilyard 630).
- In 1937, the College Language Association (CLA) was created because Blacks were not allowed to fully participate in MLA activities. (Back then it was called the Association of Teachers of English in Negro Colleges.) The founder? Hugh M. Gloster, who later became president of Morehouse College. Members of CLA who progressed with the agenda of teaching English/Composition to Black students were J. Newton Hill of Lincoln University; O. Lewis Chandler – CLA charter member and professor at Morehouse College who taught Martin Luther King, Jr. there.
- Juanita Williamson of LeMoyne College (Memphis, TN); Nettie Parlor of South Carolina State College (now University); and perhaps the one with the most notoriety in recent times is the late Melvin Butler, Chair of the Special Committee that drafted the 1974 “Students’ Right to Their Own Language” --- a faculty member at Southern University. As we all know, SRTOL is the foundation for so much of our work now as related to dialect varieties, and to think that the person leading the committee from its onset in 1972 was from Southern University, an HBCU in Louisiana.
When I was preparing for my IWCA presentation in 2014, I reviewed the tables of content for some of the more recent writing center works that approach race and diversity; I found that very few chapters were written by HBCU directors or those with HBCU experiences. I quickly reviewed authors’ bios for five edited collections and solo and/or multi-authored texts published between 2002 and 2011: Noise from the Center (2002); The Center Will Hold: Critical Perspectives on Writing Center Scholarship (2003); Marginal Words, Marginal Work: Tutoring the Academy in the Work of Writing Centers (2007); The Everyday Writing Center: A Community of Practice (2007); Writing Centerand the New Racism: A Call for Sustainable Dialogue and Change (2011). Taken in totality, these 5 texts have 39 edited chapters with 59 authors and only 3 of those authors are confirmed to have HBCU experiences – all 3 having chapters in, perhaps not surprisingly, Writing Centers and the New Racism. And of those 3, only 1 of them has their HBCU experience listed in their bios; the other 2 I knew about just from personal knowledge.
So interestingly, though colleagues at HBCUs were center stage of conversations about Composition and literacy instructionin the past, our voices no longer are heard consistently at conferences or in the scholarship; we must ask why, and then consider what is lost.
Many of the attributes of HBCUs overlap with the work that occurs in writing centers on any campus. Mentoring, encouragement, one-on-one assistance beyond the academic, is often what occurs, whether intentional or not, in composition classrooms and writing center tutorial sessions. Because for so many students, especially those speaking non-standard dialects, their language and identity are so interconnected, whenever we are helping students, we also are impacting (hopefully positively) their identities and perceptions of themselves. Writing centers are “safe spaces,” – we are judgment free zones where students’ full selves are embraced. HBCUs take on that same role campus-wide, for many students feel that the HBCU campus is the first time that they can be unapologetically “Black” in whatever form that takes – being smart and being Black, liking rock music over hip-hop and being Black, having “natural” hair and being Black.
To be clear, this series of posts is not an attack on PWIs are those who teach there. I always say that students need faculty from diverse backgrounds at all types of institutions so they can appreciate the diversity of our world. However, my goal here is multifaceted. I want those outside of HBCUs to gain some understanding of the concerns and contributions of faculty members and writing center professionals at HBCUs. I want other HBCUs to see themselves, and to know there is a voice speaking on their behalf. The loud silence of HBCU colleagues always baffles me, for it seems logical that those who teach and tutor thousands of African-American students each day would be heavily involved in, if not leading, conversations surrounding race and writing centers. I’d like to highlight some of my fellow HBCU colleagues, so you hear multiple perspectives from people at different at HBCUs; after all, while there are some similarities amongst us, we’re not homogenous spaces. Besides, though I’m the specific one who received this party’s invitation, you never can really party hard until you invite your friends J
I want to thank Anna Sicari and the WCJ editorial staff for inviting me to the party! As you’ll see in my blog posts throughout this coming month, writing center directors at HBCUs have LOTS to say about teaching and tutoring students of color. Throughout this month, we’ll talk about several issues, including why HBCUs have been excluded from recent conversations thus far, what PWI writing center professionals can learn from HBCU professionals, how PWIs and HBCUs can collaborate on future projects, and I’m most excited to include the voices of my tutors and former tutors, who will share what PWI tutors can learn from them!
I’m looking forward to a great month full of enriching dialogue and fruitful discussions!
We came to show up and show out!
‘Til next week . . .
Karen Keaton Jackson, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of English
Director, The Writing Studio/University Writing Program
North Carolina Central University
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Stephen A. Douglas Is Born
U.S. congressman, senator, and presidential candidate Stephen A. Douglas was born in Brandon, Vermont, on April 23, 1813.
Short in stature but influential in Congress, Douglas was nicknamed the "Little Giant."
Douglas left New England at the age of twenty, settling in Illinois where he quickly established himself as a leader in the Democratic Party. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1843 and to the U.S. Senate in 1847, serving there until his death in 1861. A strong advocate of national expansion, he supported the annexation of Texas and the Mexican War.
Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861; son of Stephen Arnold Douglas and Sarah Fisk) was an American politician from the western state of Illinois, and was the Democratic Party nominee for President in 1860. He lost to the Republican Party's candidate, Abraham Lincoln, whom he had defeated two years earlier in a Senate contest following a famed series of debates. He was nicknamed the "Little Giant" because he was short but was considered by many a "giant" in politics. Douglas was well-known as a resourceful party leader, and an adroit, ready, skillful tactician in debate and passage of legislation.
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What is a press brake?
A press brake is a piece of industrial machinery that bends sheet metal. A press brake is generally thin and lengthy in order to bend big quantities of sheet metal. Sheet metal is bent in a press brake by lowering a punch into sheet metal that has been placed on top of a die. A press brake may bend the metal multiple times until it reaches the required shape.
What types of press brakes are there?
The punch must be dropped into the sheet metal using a variety of techniques in order to exert the necessary amount of force needed to bend the metal. Hydraulic, pneumatic, electric, and mechanical force application techniques are all possible. The name of a press brake frequently includes the way that force is applied (e.g. hydraulic press brake, servo electric press brake).
Press brakes may deliver a range of forces as well. This is referred to as tonnage on a press brake; it is a measurement of how many tons of force the press brake is capable of producing. Pneumatic and servo electric presses generate less force than hydraulic presses, which are typically employed to reach very high forces.
The speeds and accuracy of the various press brake types vary as well. The most accurate press brake will often be a servo electric one. Press brakes that are pneumatic or servo-electric are frequently quicker than those that are hydraulic or mechanical.
What must be taken into account while bending a metal using a press brake?
Metals of all kinds may be bent in a wide range of ways using press brakes. The type of metal being bent, the die, the punch, and the bending force must all be taken into account while setting up a bending operation.
Due to the various physical characteristics of different metals, it is crucial to comprehend the metal type. For instance, because to the variations in ductility and strength, a high carbon steel would often be less bendable by a press brake than many aluminum alloys. There is normally a specified minimum bend radius for metals that can be bent without harming the material.
The press brake’s punch and die both have a significant influence on the bending procedure. The metal is laid on top of a hollow piece of material called the die before it is bent. It is made of an extremely sturdy, rigid substance that resembles the required contour of the metal being bent. A solid object called the punch is dropped onto the metal. Both forms must be precisely matched to the bending work since the metal bends as a result of the pressing action of the punch and die on the metal. The size and form of the punches and dies determine the proper metal shape after a press brake operation. In most cases, the dies and the punches are made to be easily interchangeable to handle a variety of jobs.
Common applications for press brakes:
Many other sheet metal forming applications
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William Caxton: his role in the history of English
The discovery of previously unknown pages from a very early book printed by William Caxton is an exciting event for historians of printing. The pages—from a liturgical manual for priests known as the ‘Sarum Ordinal’ or ‘Sarum Pie’—are in Latin, so they won’t provide any new data for the history of English words; but it’s worth remembering that many of Caxton’s other books played an important part in the history of English.
‘Caxton’s books’ includes both the books which he printed—which, thanks to the new technology of print, could be disseminated much more widely than manuscripts—and also the books which he wrote: for although he is now remembered for his pioneering work as a printer of books in England, he was also a writer. His output was mostly in the form of translations of popular works in other languages: mainly French, but also Latin, and one work in Dutch. In fact it was the popularity of one of his early translations from French—a collection of tales from Greek myth—which led to him setting up his first printing press in Bruges: the translation had become popular at the Burgundian court in manuscript form, and it was demand for additional copies which seems to have given him the idea of exploiting the new technology.
And this book, ‘The Recuyell [i.e. compilation or collection] of the Historyes of Troye’—printed several years before Caxton set up his printing press at Westminster in 1476—contains numerous words for which no earlier evidence is known, and at least some of which Caxton may be presumed to have coined. Some of them, like terribility, don’t really seem to have caught on; but there are quite a few that did—or, indeed, may already have been in use—like happiness and industry. And hundreds of other familiar English words can be traced back to their appearance in the books that issued from his Westminster press over the next decade or so: words like achievement, acknowledge, nocturnal, nuptial, paradigm, and poetic—even homely, ordinary words like gardening, plague (used as a verb), pottery, and rogue.
Another ‘Caxtonism’ which might seem to be particularly fitting is the adjective printed; but this is not what it might appear. The verb that Caxton himself used in his earliest books to describe how he made them was ‘enprynte’ (or, as we would now spell it, imprint); it was apparently only a few years later that print acquired its specifically typographical meaning. And Caxton’s use of printed in the little book he issued in 1480 was in a culinary context: ‘Of mylke sodden with the flour men make printed cakes’—in other words, moulded cakes made from flour and milk.
There is one other notable link between the newly discovered pages of the ‘Sarum Pie’ and the recorded history of the English language. Shortly before Caxton issued this book, he printed an advertisement for it on a single sheet of paper—what we might now call a handbill—which encouraged ‘ony man spiritual or temporel’ wishing to buy ‘pyes’ to visit his shop at Westminster, where he would be able to ‘haue them good chepe [i.e. cheaply]’. And this is the first known evidence for this use of the word pie: not in the familiar ‘baked goods’ sense, but in the etymologically distinct sense of a book of directions for the conduct of a church service. Even in his advertising copy, it seems, Caxton was a linguistic pioneer.
Header image: Spread from the facsimile of the “Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers” printed by William Caxton in 1477.
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Modern Golf and the Magic of Machine Vision
Updated: Aug 31, 2021
Jeff Cooper, Vice President of Engineering at aboutGOLF, has more than two decades of experience in the software business, providing automotive and aerospace customers with simulation software for kinematics and dynamics in the Computer Aided Engineering space. He joined aboutGOLF in 2011 with an interest in applying the lessons from these industries to sports simulation and looks forward to the emerging and exciting eGaming market.
aboutGOLF is committed to providing the most authentic golf experience possible in our simulators. To do this, we must understand the science behind golf. I came to aboutGOLF with twenty years of experience in automotive and aerospace simulation, and our engineering team has over two decades of experience with machine vision and the flight physics of the golf ball. aboutGOLF’s expertise in these areas has helped immensely with producing the most accurate golf simulator on the market.
Before I go into detail about why aboutGOLF chose machine vision and how it works, I’ll give you a quick (I promise!) physics lesson so it’s easier to understand why the accurate measurements from machine vision are critical for input to the flight physics and consequently calculating accurate ball flight.
A Quick Lesson on the Physics of Golf
Many factors determine golf ball flight before the club even hits the ball. A person’s swing, the direction and speed of the incoming club face, the physical properties of the club, the lie angle, and even the dimple pattern on the ball will all influence the shape of your shot and where the ball lands. It’s the simulator’s job to calculate the resulting ball flight by measuring three major elements immediately after the club hits the ball: velocity, launch angle, and spin.
Most simulators measure the launch angle and velocity of the ball. These measurements help predict the speed and distance a ball will travel. Launch angles help with the initial direction, but that’s only part of the story. The trickiest measurement is spin, which makes it possible to accurately project the exact curve of the ball while in flight, otherwise known as the shot shape.
The primary rotation of a golf ball is what we call backspin. A club hits a ball and as the ball comes off the club face, the ball spins about an axis. We decompose this spin into backspin and sidespin. For a well struck golf shot, the majority of the spin is considered backspin, resulting in a shot shape that is relatively straight. More commonly, the spin rotation is about an angled axis which creates uneven pressure on either side of the ball. This pressure imbalance is what causes a shot to fade, slice, draw or hook.
If the spin results in a higher pressure on the left side of the ball than the right side of the ball, the ball will curve to the right. For right-handed golfers, that's called a fade or a slice. If there's more pressure on the right side of the ball than the left side, that means the ball will curve to the left, which is called a draw or a hook.
Why Accuracy Matters
If ball spin isn’t accurately measured by the simulator, what you see in the simulator may not match reality. Experienced golfers, who know their game, appreciate when there's accurate measurement and therefore an authentic shape to the shot. If someone is new to the game and training in the simulator, they may not pick up on inaccuracies. It leads to frustration when they golf outdoors and realize what they were "learning" in the simulator doesn't match reality.
Because we not only measure launch angle and velocity accurately but also the spin, our simulator works very well as a training tool.
How Machine Vision Works
Our 3Trak launch monitor contains proprietary cameras. These cameras are highly specialized for tracking high-velocity, high-spin rate golf balls. You can't find an affordable camera on the market that comes close to this camera’s performance. Before you ask, it's not something we sell independently. It’s only included in our simulators.
The most important thing about our machine vision is stereo vision. We position two or more cameras with a very high rate of capture to accurately determine the 3D location of the ball in flight. This is important for capturing the vertical and horizontal launch angles as the ball leaves the ground. The proprietary markings on the ball allow us to measure the exact rotation of the ball surface, which gives us the spin rate. The spin rate has a huge influence on the shape of the shot and therefore the authentic nature of the golfing experience in the simulator.
We do not estimate spin. We measure spin.
Things to Consider Before Buying a Simulator
Experts demand accuracy when using simulators for club fitting. PGA Professionals require precise measurements to improve their own game or enable tailored coaching for a client. If you’re a serious competitor looking for a training tool, accuracy will be a key consideration. It’s important the muscle memory you develop on a simulator translates to a superior game on the course, and you’ll want accurate distances for each of the clubs in your bag.
I’m proud to be part of the aG Team, and I’m excited we apply the engineering rigor proven in other industries, such as automotive and aerospace, to golf instruction. We’ve heard from PGA Professionals a level of frustration with golfers turning to YouTube or magazine instruction to improve their swing. Accurate measurements about your unique swing help you win the game by eliminating the guesswork in improvement.
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|Healthcare Training Institute - Quality Education since 1979CE for Psychologist, Social Worker, Counselor, & MFT!!
Course Learning Objectives/Outcomes
By the end of the course, the Counselor, Marriage and Family Therapist, Social Worker or Psychologist will be able to:
-Name three basic manifestations of anxiety.
-Name three gradations of anxiety intensity.
-Name three aspects to keep in mind when diagnosing potential panic disorder clients.
-Name four conditions that seem to run in conjunction with panic disorder.
-Name three aspects of a co-occurring anxiety disorder and depression.
-Name three types of phobias.
-Name three types of substances that panic disorder clients misuse most commonly.
-Name three steps to treating an OCD client.
-Name three social avoidant behaviors more extreme than agoraphobia.
-Name three characteristics of childhood agoraphobia.
-Name three aspects of panic disorder.
-Name three steps to helping clients overcome their anxiety over travel.
-Explain the type of exercise that helps reduces a client's symptom of hyperventilation.
-Name five breathing techniques that help clients reduce stress.
-Name two situations causing panic were endorsed more frequently by girls, than boys.
-Explain the cut-off age for a high incidence of panic attacks.
-Explain what is often the initial symptom experienced by individuals at the onset of a panic attack.
-Name two subtypes of phobic conditions secondary to panic disorder.
-Explain the behavioral characteristics of panic/agoraphobic clients.
-Explain the other psychological disorders that have repeatedly shown linkages with panic attacks.
-Explain the type of behavior that can lead to the more serious type of panic disorder called agoraphobia.
-Explain what hypothesis is proffered as a reason for addiction to alcohol and other drugs in clients experiencing panic attack.
-Name the four main strands of psychological/social effects of panic disorder.
-Name one of the primary causes of panic disorder.
-Explain the addictive behavior that the author developed in order to overcome her panic of going to the office.
-Explain what is designed to assist panic clients in modifying specific aspects of their thinking by questioning the logical basis of their fears and by encouraging them to consider alternative ways of thinking.
"The instructional level of this course is introductory, intermediate, or advanced depending on the learners clinical area of expertise."
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Kopjes make a statement, rising up to punctuate the savanna. Formed from an ancient granite layer exposed after softer rock was worn away, the weathered stone cracks and splits, creating ledges, caves, and crevices.
Islands of Biodiversity
Many species of plants that cannot grow on the savanna are found only on the kopjes. In turn, a unique habitat is developed that is home to a wide variety of animals—insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
I Can See for Miles
Kopjes are favorite vantage points for animals, as they survey territory and look for predators or prey. They’re also protection from grass fires and storms, and they collect water that animals drink when it’s dry.
species of small mammals that live among the kopjes of the Serengeti
the number of feet a kopje habitat can reach above the savanna
how many years old the rocks of Africa’s kopjes are
Cooperation Is Key
A "kat" is not a cat when it's a meerkat—which is a type of mongoose. Living in cooperative bands, meerkats choose teamwork over a solo career. They work together to care for the group’s youngsters, hit the road to catch and bring back food, and defend their territory.
Most of all, the meerkat’s gig is to dig. Meerkats live in large, complex underground burrows—some more than six feet deep—that have many entrance and exit holes, tunnels, and chambers. As they dig, they loosen and aerate the grassland soil, plus help spread plant seeds.
We Are Family
Meerkats have each other’s backs. They take turns standing guard, perched on high points like boulders or termite mounds to keep an eye on their surroundings. The sentry warns the others of danger when it spots a predator like an eagle.
Meerkats are experts at downtime. They work and play hard, but when it’s time to relax, nothing beats a nap in the sun, arms splayed and belly soaking up some rays.
The squat and furry rock hyrax may not look like a rocker, but it is a master climber, with bare, padded, sweaty feet that act like suction cups to get a grip. Hyrax groups live among the nooks and crannies of the boulders, blending in as protection from predators.
Klipspringer is an Afrikaans word meaning “rock jumper,” one of this dwarf antelope’s talents. Less than 25 pounds and 2 feet tall at the shoulder, klipspringers live among the boulders, browsing on shrubs and herbs, and they can flee quickly up rocky surfaces that look impossible to climb.
Girls rule in dwarf mongoose groups—the dominant adult female outranks the other group members. These quick and nimble mammals seek out rock outcroppings, hollow logs, and termite mounds for dens, lookout posts, and hiding places.
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Protecting your health
There’s a lot you can do to protect your health and the health of others.
- Animal bites and scratches
- Asbestos in and around your home
- Avoiding mosquito bites
- Avoiding sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Bushfire smoke and your health
- Cosmetics and your health
- Fight the Bite
- Get immunised
- Hand hygiene
- Keeping areas clean
- Keeping your food safe
- Protecting yourself and your health whilst travelling overseas
- Stay healthy in the heat
- Staying healthy with pet reptiles, amphibians and fish
- Wash, Wipe, Cover - don't infect another!
- You've got what?
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The Urban School was founded in 1966 and prides itself on its use of technology and innovation. The school has adopted blended learning models, offering courses through a LMS and video conferencing but also maintaining teaching contact time. They were also in the middle of constructing a new lab. This was my first exposure to listening about how they developed and implemented their STEM curriculum which they cleverly market under the name ‘Urban X Labs’.
During the presentation I found myself reflecting on how our curriculum differs. Urban School offers courses on electronics, coding, robotics and graphic design. Courses we would offer under a Design and Technology learning area but they also include Physics and Science under their X Labs umbrella. It sparked in me a rethink of how we resource each of our learning areas. Most schools have Science Labs with Science Lab Technicians. A Materials and Design and Technology Department with its own unique equipment and Technicians. It became increasingly apparent that by creating a flexible lab equipped with resources from multiple learning areas it creates an opportunity to blend, innovate and develop cross curricular activities that promote critical thinking, problem solving and higher order thinking. It would provide these connections in such an organic way.
Whilst we didn’t see it in action, I was happy to see that the curriculum leaders has a chance to develop courses and commit to project based learning (PBL) activities all before they designed and built their lab.
It reminded me of a powerful image I once saw at a conference about a garden with beautiful lawns where students had ignored paved paths, wearing away the lawn and trodden through garden beds. A contemporary thinker would have planted grass everywhere and after seeing where people walk then plan out where to place paths and garden beds.
This contemporary thinking was evident at Urban School and we heard of how other local schools funded amazing labs only for them to be empty.
What a great way to start the tour.
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Hargeisa, the capital city of Somaliland has been growing for the last two (2) decades. During the reconstruction and re-building of the state, Somaliland continued to remain peaceful.
Prior to the fall of Somalia’s dictatorship government in 1991 and the break-out of the civil war, women’s roles were traditionally tied down to caregivers at home. Men assumed the role of breadwinners in their households, thus catering for domestic expenditures and school fees for the children. Conversely, something changed during the civil war when majority of men were killed in the civil war; a considerable number of women became breadwinners and took over what were patriarchal roles before. As an effect of this role change, poverty and deprivation remained, and continue to be the major challenges that women face – forcing them to economic roles as street vendors or domestic workers for sustenance of their households.
Conducting business in Hargeisa is a challenge with financial institutions giving limited access to loans especially start-up capital. Additionally, street-vending shunned as a key part of the economy has given the women street vendors’ limited market space to conduct their business – in addition to restricted provisions within the city plan. In each corner of Hargeisa, there are women street vendors selling food stuffs, milk and second-hand clothes making them an integral part of the informal sector and the country’s overall economic development. Day after day, a great number of women are penetrating the informal sector as vendors of small businesses due to the recurrent droughts and climate change in Somaliland. The unfortunate outcome of these debilitating droughts, especially to the pastoral and agro- pastoral communities is dead livestock. This has conversely increased the number of displaced communities – where most of them are vulnerable, unskilled women.
Street vendors are a major contributor to the local government’s revenue
Women street vendors continue to play an important role in Somaliland’s economic development thus contributing significantly revenue generation.
A recent baseline survey conducted in November 2017 by SIHA Network outlined that the local budget income per year generated from the informal sector generated 40% to 65% of the total annual revenue, through daily tax collection by the local government of Hargeisa. This represents the role of women street vendors and how they contribute to the overall economy.
Fosiya Mohamed Jama lives in Dami village with her eight (8) children. She started vending in 2006, selling perfumes, head cover clothes and uunsi² beside the main road to the city centre in Waaheen Market in Hargeisa. Her daily income is SL 30,000 which is equivalent to $3 US Dollars. Fosia supports her household through paying her children’s school and university fees, food, rent, electricity among other responsibilities – especially with her husband being sick.
Fosiya pays SL 1000 in taxes per day despite the local government considering her work as non-registered business trade. During the tenure of her work, she has suffered violations to her rights, physical assaults and harassment by the police and government law enforcement.
Although the women street vendors pay their taxes daily, the local government has not been supportive at all in ensuring a safe environment for these women, like Fosiya – who frequently meet challenges not limited to destruction of property, confiscation of their goods and street gang battery. These women work in a dismal environment with high risk to car accidents and health issues due to limited or no access to basic health and hygiene facilities. Aside from their economic challenges, they are also faced with domestic challenges that come as a result of their long absence from home. These challenges include impending marriage separations and break-ups and maltreatment from their spouses.
There is no legal protection offered to the women street vendors except mention of its classification in the Business Classification Law. And that said though, the Local government provides various licenses but the street vending business is not included thus being seen as an illegal business. The question then, is why the local government continues to collect tax from them.
The women street vendors have no access to finance like loans through formal financial institutions like banks – leaving them the tasking, traditional way to borrow from their relatives and families.
Women in the informal sector have contributed to the local economy; therefore the government must re-shape strategies and provide the women street vendors with clean market spaces for trading their goods and merchandise.
The SIHA Somaliland Project is promoting women empowerment through building capacity in terms of training, in business management, access to financial institutions, advocacy and leadership skills to mention a few. The project also looks at organizing these women in the informal sector into networks and groups to advocate effectively. This project is also looking at promoting women’s access to basic rights, like education, legal access, to mention a few. This project is looking at creating women agents of change for advocacy and support within the informal sector.
SIHA Network calls on all civil society organizations, government and financial institutions to support women street vendors in Hargeisa, Somaliland.
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Definition of hatchery in English:
noun (plural hatcheries)
An installation or building in which the hatching of fish or poultry eggs is artificially controlled for commercial purposes: a hatchery where we buy day-old chicks a fish hatchery
More example sentences
- The proposal to build big semi-submersible ships that would act as massive floating hatcheries and be used to restock the oceans with fish has been presented to the Spanish Government.
- The second block is a windowless building containing various controlled environments for animals, fly breeding and hatcheries.
- Creation of artificial hatcheries and placing restraining cages over nests proved counter-productive.
Definition of hatchery in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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Why do I get sore behind my kneecap?
When exposed to sudden forces or twisting movements, the knee can sustain damage to ligaments or cartilage. However a common “injury” or pain which develops gradually is Patello-Femoral pain or pain behind the kneecap.
Also known as Chondro-Malacia Patella, this problem quite often comes on gradually as a result of a muscle imbalance, predominantly weakness of the VMO (inner quad muscle) and excess tightness of the lateral structures of the thigh and hip (namely ITB, TFL and gluteal muscles).
Poor foot mechanics are the culprit
This imbalance can occur due to poor foot mechanics, overuse or excessive loading such as stairs, hill training etc. This also happens in younger patients during growth spurts where the long bones grow quickly and leave the remaining muscles behind. This condition is common in children from 12-16yrs old, especially if playing sports involving sudden changes in direction and jumping eg netball, basketball, soccer, athletics etc. In the adult it can often result from inadequate stretching of the gluteal and TFL muscles (check with your trainer for these).
Treatment and management of the problem will help
Once this condition has been diagnosed, treatment and management usually involves a stretching program to target the above muscles, deep tissue release work to loosen these muscles and Physio’s will often strap the kneecap to help it track in it’s groove. This often helps reduce pain to allow the VMO muscle to be strengthened without aggravating the pain further. The patient is taught to strap the knee independently so they can continue their training and rehab program.
In the early stages of Patello-Femoral Syndrome the soreness behind the kneecap reduces with exercise and comes on at times when the knee is resting in a bent position such as long trips in the car or sitting in the movies (hence it being known as “Movie goers Knee”).
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Every year, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) publishes their top violations at worksites across the country. They hope to alert employers to these commonly cited violations so that they can take steps to find and fix the issues before getting a violation themselves. By correcting these problems, you are taking the proper steps to prevent injuries in the workplace. Here are 5 of the most common violations
Hazard communication standard
The rule: To ensure chemical safety in the workplace, information about the identities and hazards of the chemicals must be available and understandable to workers.
What you can do: If you handle any hazardous chemicals, they must have labels on each chemical. Safety data sheets also need to be created for the workers who handle these substances and proper training needs to occur so they handle them correctly.
The rule: In order to protect employees from air contaminated with harmful dust, fog, fumes, vapors or sprays, an employer must provide the proper respirators and ensure use.
Violating this rule puts your associates at high risk. According to OSHA, not complying this this rule leads to hundreds of deaths and thousands of illnesses annually due to the increased chance of respiratory illnesses.
What you can do: Create a respiratory protection program. This should include specific written procedures, training, inspection and enforcement.
OSHA provides sample programs on their website so you can build a complete program to guarantee compliance.
Control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout)
The rule: Hazardous energy sources include electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, chemical or thermal. Associates servicing or maintaining equipment may be seriously injured or killed if hazardous energy is not properly controlled.
What you can do: Create a proper lockout/tagout procedure to protector associates from hazardous energy. Then train associates who work with hazardous energy on how to recognize problems and take the correct steps to isolate or control the energy safely.
A fact sheet on how to create a compliant lockout/tagout procedure can be found here.
Machinery and machine guarding
The rule: Moving machine parts have the potential to cause severe workplace injuries, such as crushed fingers or hands. Safeguards are crucial for protecting associates from these preventable injuries.
What you can do: Do an audit of the machines that may cause the most injury. Ones to always check are saws, presses and plastics machinery. Then create safeguards if anything is deemed unsafe.
The safeguard must prevent hands, arms, and any other part of an associate’s body from making contact with dangerous moving parts. A good safeguarding system eliminates the possibility anyone putting parts of their body in harm.
Eye and face protection
The rule: OSHA requires employers to provide eye and face protection whenever necessary. Eye injury is incredibly common in many manufacturing jobs but can often be prevented with proper equipment.
What you can do: Ensure you are selecting the correct personal protective equipment (PPE) for each task. Some jobs require different equipment. Create a training program for associates on the importance of PPE and ensure compliance on the floor with repeated checks.
If you’re concerned with getting an OSHA violation or that your safety procedures aren’t up to par, consider partnering with a trusted staffing firm. SIMOS has the proper safety program and procedures to make sure associates are staying safe in the workplace.
About the AuthorFollow on Linkedin More Content by Casey Nighbor
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Dog Latin: a comedy of errors
The term mother tongue used to be derogatory. Your mother tongue is the language your mother speaks, and she speaks it because she has no proper education. You, however, went to school and learned Latin.
Such was the case, at least, during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, when Latin served as the language of law, theology, and learning, despite having long since declined to the status of a dead language, nowhere in daily use except for schools and monasteries. The Classical Latin of educated men was elegant and complex, and its proper use was considered an art. Our subject today, however, is a different kind of art: dog Latin, an ad-hoc, frivolous, cheerfully incorrect form of Latin that arose precisely from the constraints of proper speech – as did a related form of cheerful incorrectness in poetry, doggerel. What do we learn about the rules of language – and the rules of the language arts – when we set out deliberately to ignore them?
In German, the term for this kind of Latin translates to kitchen Latin – Küchenlatein– and first appeared in the 16th century. (French has an equivalent: Latin de cuisine.) The Deutsches Wörterbuch, a historical German dictionary, defines this term as “barbaric Latin; properly [CR1] monks’ Latin in contrast to the revived pure Latin.” By then, it had long been clear that Classical Latin could not serve the needs of modern speakers, even in a reified context; humanists had worked to reform the language, but in the meantime, monks had made do. Monks used kitchen Latin while dining together in the refectory, since, in order to share gossip and communicate modern concepts, they needed to “update” classical Latin with words in vernacular languages, colloquialisms, and other such infelicities. The term was derogatory, rarely used without an implied sigh of disgust or exasperation.
The English term dog Latin arose during the same period and has the same meaning. The term comes from a trend among English speakers, in those years, for using the word dog to mean shoddy, debased, or mongrel, especially as applied to the graces of classical learning: dog-Greek for bad Greek; dog-logic for bad logic; dog rhetoric for bad rhetoric; dog-rhyme for bad poetry. Thus (as the Oxford English Dictionary cites) in 1581 a writer described a rival’s work as “dogge Rhetorike, and much adoe”; a proto-dictionary from 1625 has a listing for “dog-rimes, filthy verses”; and in 1711, Jonathan Swift mocked a contemporary for “His skill in that part of learning called dog’s logic.”.
Dog Latin often generates meaning by mixing words from a vernacular language with Latin words, morphology (the rules of word creation), and syntax (the rules of sentence creation). The result is meaningless in Latin, but the Latin elements are nonetheless crucial to the resultant meaning. Because English borrows words and morphemes from Latin, it is easy to create faux-Latin words that suggest English meanings, or to take Latin words that have different meanings in English and use them, falsely, in the English rather than the Latin sense. Yet because Latin differs from English in distinctive ways – notably, the elaborate system of inflections – flourishing these differences, sometimes as false English morphemes, sometimes as pure nonsense, brings to bear on the expression the abstract cultural significance of Latin.
For speakers who grew up knowing Latin as a language of classical authority, the very authority of Latin makes such irreverencies with the language pop. Shakespeare was mining comedy from these ingredients before dog Latin even had that name. In Love’s Labour’s Lost, a character mocks an overbearing pedant by corrupting a common Latin phrase with an excretory reference: “Go to; thou hast it ad dunghill…” The pedant replies, “O, I smell false Latine; dunghill for unguem.”
As centuries passed, Latin lost its status as a lingua franca, but dog Latin persisted as a form of comedy. The use of Latin in taxonomy provided a cover for impish definitions; famously, the cartoon characters Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner always appear with dog-Latin taxonomic names: Apetitus Giganticus, Eatibus Anythingus, Speedipus Rex. Its use in maxims gave an air of classical authority to sardonically unclassical sentiments. (Illegitimi non carborundum, or “Don’t let the bastards grind you down,” is good Latin, but a very modern phrase.) And for schoolchildren learning Latin as part of a grueling (if enriching!) slog through the educational system, dog Latin provided an outlet for juvenile humor:
Boyibus kissibus priti girlorum
Girlibus likibus wanti somorum.
One of the most famous scenes in the oeuvre of Monty Python – whose members had traditional state-school educations – involves four minutes of total commitment to a juvenile joke that renders Roman names as naughty dog Latin: Naughtius Maximus, Biggus Dickus, Incontinentia Buttocks. And while Bart Simpson would have learned no Latin at Springfield Elementary, he was entirely in character when he mimicked its pedantry to fling a childish insult: “Maybe because you are, as we say in Latin, a dorkus malorkus.” (As often happened with bits from The Simpsons, the phrase caught on.)
The word doggerel first appeared in the late 14th century, a little earlier than dog Latin. (The first recorded user is Chaucer; in The Canterbury Tales, after a character who represents Chaucer himself tells a story in very poor rhyme, another traveler insults his “rym dogerel.”) The word’s ending, –erel, was a diminutive, and by extension derogatory, ending borrowed from French, the language of the English ruling class. (Several other words with the same diminutive ending, such as cockerel and mongrel, first appear in English in the 15th century.) Just as dog Latin is bad Latin, doggerel is bad poetry, a social disgrace at a time when, as in Chaucer’s case, the composition of poetry was a form of entertainment and self-promotion at court. And as in the case of dog Latin, doggerel eventually became a comic genre unto itself – a self-conscious divergence from the rules of good language to produce a comedy of errors.
Whereas dog Latin barbarizes the language of learning by forgetting rules, doggerel barbarizes the learned use of language by adhering to the rules too much, producing rhyme without innovation, meter without variation, subjects without imagination. As comic genres, they developed both together and apart: the historian Michel Jeanneret brilliantly discusses the overlap, in Renaissance culture, between kitchen Latin and artfully bad poetry, specifically a genre called macaronic verse, which like kitchen Latin hybridizes language; on the other hand, the 20th-century masters of doggerel in English, such as Ogden Nash, certainly worked without consulting Latin. In both cases, however, the ultimate joke concerns education.
While children learn languages easily and without making the errors that adult learners make, Latin, as a dead language, is always an artificial rather than a native language for its speakers, with attendant obstacles to mastery and likelihood of error. In short, poor Latin is relatable. At the same time, in dog Latin and dog rhyme alike, an appreciation of the misuse of the rules requires an understanding of the rules; it requires a subject position past that of a novice who can only follow rules and toward that of an expert who knows when to violate the rules. Hence the emphasis, in so much of the best work in these genres, on the contrast between the serious (high diction, scholarly modes, classical motifs) and the juvenile. It enables us to occupy, at once, the subject positions of the giver of law and the violator of law, the teacher appalled by the students and the students appalled by the teacher.
My favorite collection of unintentional doggerel – the pun that follows is accidental but satisfying – is the 1920 volume Songs of Dogs. I came across this book years ago in a university library, and was quickly charmed by the galumphing rhymes and Landseeresque subject matter:
If dogs were fashioned out of men,
What breed of dog would I have been?
And would I e’er deserve caress
Or be extolled for faithfulness
Like my dog here?
A truer friend man never had;
’T is sad
That ’mongst all earthly friends the fewest
Unfaithful ones should thus be clad
In canine lowliness; yet truest
They, be their treatment good or bad.
He was just a dog, mister—that’s all;
And all of us boys called him Bub;
He was curly and not very tall
And he had n’t a tail—just a stub.
That semester, while teaching – I want to emphasize that this was years ago; I am no longer so cruel – I tried reading aloud one poem from Songs of Dogs for every student who was late. The students stopped coming in late.
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I am interrupting Trixie Belden Mysteries on Way Back Wednesday for another favorite Christmas Classic.
Originally entitled A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, the book commonly known as A Christmas Carol is what Charles Dickens described as his "little Christmas Book" and was first published on December 19, 1843 with illustrations by John Leech.
A Christmas Carol is a Victorian morality tale of an old and bitter miser, Ebenezer Scrooge, who undergoes a profound experience of redemption over the course of one night, which if it doesn't change his ways he will end up like his friend Jacob Marley, walking the Earth forever, being nothing but invisible and lonely. Mr. Scrooge is a financier/money-changer who has devoted his life to the accumulation of wealth. He holds anything other than money in contempt, including friendship, love and the Christmas season.
Through the medium of movies and television, A Christmas Carol is a common holiday theme with numerous versions. There are also unabridged and abridged versions of the book, in addition to annotated versions.
This is a book I used to read to my children every Christmas. We would start a week before Christmas and I would read a few chapters every night. This is still one of my favorite books. As a college student in the late 1980s, I wrote a dissertation on Charles Dickens and A Christmas Carol
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Although this is not necessarily a pleasant topic to discuss with someone, the accumulation of dog feces on your lawn is a topic that should be discussed with any dog owner, or property owner who has a lot of dogs that “visit” their yard on a regular basis. One may assume that dog droppings act as a natural fertilizer for their thriving grassy areas, but in reality, dog waste can not only be harmful for your lawn, but it can also be harmful to you, your family, or anyone else that visits your place. Scooping the dog waste off of your lawn is one of those necessary chores that dog, or property, owners must do routinely, along with feeding your furry friend, ensuring they have regular access to drinking water, playing with them, and providing shelter for them.
Dog feces in your lawn can cause the grass blades to burn from the toxic composition within the waste, and this causes unsightly brown patches along the surface. Unattended dog feces can also become a big problem for your local water table, because it can eventually dilute and spread apart before running into a drain pipe, a lake, river, or pond. Dog feces is one of the major contributors for contaminating local water sources. Furthermore, consider the fact that in 1991, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) labeled dog feces in a specific category of pollutants, along with other substances such as oil, grease, toxic chemicals, herbicides, and insecticides.
Another reason why dog waste that is left to rot within your lawn is dangerous is because the dog waste is filled with bacteria that can be very harmful to people and to animals. Did you know that it is estimated that per one gram of dog feces, there are approximately 23 million forms of fecal bacteria? These bacteria can cause illnesses in people and animals, such as diarrhea, intestinal problems, stomach cramps, and kidney disorders. Some of the diseases that can be found in dog feces include roundworms, tapeworms, hookworms, parvo, giardiasis, and salmonellosis. People who are very young, pregnant, or nursing mothers are at a higher risk of dealing with some of these diseases than other people are if they acquire the illness from the dog feces.
If you are a dog owner, you should scoop the waste in your lawn on a regular basis, about every week at least. The feces should be picked up with a plastic scooper, plastic bags, or while you are using gloves, in order to protect your body. There are also professional dog scooping businesses that will perform these duties for you, for a nominal fee, of course. If you are the owner of multiple dogs, then you may wish to clean up your lawn more frequently. One thing for sure, though, is that ridding your property of dog droppings is a necessity that should be performed regularly.
Contact the team at Mighty Green Lawn Care if you are concerned about damaged grass caused by dog waste.
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Edison was probably the greatest inventor the World has ever seen. He gave us the technological beginnings of the modern World . The ideas and creations of this tireless inventor brought us out of the steam age and into the twenty first Century.
Thomas Alva Edison was born on 11th February 1847 as the seventh baby of his parents. He was born so weak that his parents feared he would die. Alva survived but remained deaf right from childhood. He could hear only silence.
At the age of eight Alva went to school. He sank to the bottom of the class and left the school at the age of fourteen. His mother played an important role in helping Alva’s abilities to emerge. She built up his confidence to learn by himself.
With father’s help, Alva became a Newspaper boy on the train. He used to sell newspapers in addition to peanut, popcorn, candy etc . Alva was happy he was making his own money. He spent his spare time in the library, reading for hours. He installed his laboratory in an empty luggage van.
At the age of sixteen Alva became a Telegraph operator for the newspaper. He continued his experiment in telegraphy. He was sacked from service several times. In spite of that, in 1870, he produced a multiplex system that allowed several messages to travel over a wire at the same time.
Edison married Mary, in 1871. She worshipped her gifted husband. Edison loved Mary for her beauty, sweetness and total dedication. They had three children.
In the mean time in 1876 , Alexander Graham Bell invented Telephone. Edison improved it by revalorizing its method of transmitting an electrical signal. Edison worked tirelessly and invented the phonograph in December 1877. The British, who had always ridiculed him as a mere technician, hailed him as a discoverer. American President wanted to hear this new invention at the White House.
After Gramophone electric bulb was the most important invention of Edison. Before achieving his great breakthrough with electric lighting, he constructed no less than three thousand separate theories to cover its working. By relentlessly experimenting, he whittled the three thousand down to two. After establishing that carbon filament worked, he then carbonized six thousand different types of material to decide which one worked best. In the modern light bulb Tungsten filament heats up when an electric current passes through of it. This makes a wire glow. Edison thought of using Tungsten himself but the technology did not exist to let him carry out this experiment. .
In 1887 Alexander Graham Bell also produced Phonograph of his own but he recognized the contribution of Edison. Bell wanted Edison to market it jointly. However, Edison wanted to go alone. He resurrected the forgotten machine he had built 10 years earlier. After one year of efforts Edison’s machine worked better and made a lot of money.
Once the machine had been put on the market public preferred it as an avenue for providing entertainment.
In 1888 some British photographer discussed with Edison the Phonograph records to go with photographs. Edison invented “Kinetos Copes” by combining both.
In 1889 Edison worked further on moving pictures. In 1894 a Frenchman Lumiere bought an Edison Kinetos Cope, adapted to take a projector and in 1895, opened the first public cinema.
For Edison invention was as natural as breathing. He invented even in dreams. Edison was the grand old man of science and took out 1093 patents on his work.
On the evening of October 21, 1931, a great shadow swept across the country of USA , like an eclipse, Edison had died at the age of eighty four. Even the statue of Liberty briefly held a darkened torch aloft. Edison had brought light and sound to every house.
Read Also: Thomas Alva Edison by Sunitichandra Mishra
Image of Thomas Alva Edison courtesy : americaslibrary.gov
Illustration of Alexander Graham Bell under license with Gettyimages.com
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- Summaries (1)
Biography of Argentinian revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara, who helped Fidel Castro in his struggle against the corrupt Batista regime, eventually resulting in the overthrow of that government and Castro's taking over of Cuba. The film covers Guevara's life from when he first landed in Cuba in 1956 to his death in an ambush by government troops in the mountains of Bolivia in 1967.
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After the assault on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Americans quickly became all too aware of their vulnerability. The Roosevelt administration feared that the Japanese would strike on American soil again, and homeland security became an immediate priority.
U.S. Territory Close to Japan
With their close proximity to Japan, the Aleutian Islands seemed especially prone to an attack. Stretching westward into the Pacific Ocean, the chain of roughly 150 islands lay just 750 miles away from the closest military base in Japan -- closer to Japan than to Seattle, Washington.
Poor State of Readiness
When Hawaii was attacked, Alaska was poorly prepared for an assault on its turf. Only six aircraft were functional. 21,945 military servicemen were stationed in garrisons throughout the territory, but these garrisons were separated by hundreds, sometimes thousands, of miles, and the lack of reliable land transportation made movement, communication and coordination difficult. The road-building project commenced in April 1942, just four months after Pearl Harbor.
Led by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, the Japanese did indeed hope to conquer the Pacific. Beginning with their attack on Pearl Harbor in December, the Japanese unleashed an assault on other Pacific lands, including Malaya, the Philippines, Thailand and Burma.
Then, in June 1942, the Japanese attacked the Aleutian Islands. Regional naval officers directed Japanese forces to bomb an American military base at Dutch Harbor, killing more than 100 Americans. Within a week, Japan's Northern Area Fleet pushed forward and seized the islands of Adak and Kiska, marking the first time that American territory had been occupied since the War of 1812.
To Americans from Delaware to Oregon, Japan's arrival in the Aleutian Islands confirmed their worries about an invasion. Although remote, the Aleutian Islands were seen as a foothold to a possible invasion of the continental United States.
Directing an armada of 176 warships, Admiral Yamamoto hoped to use the invasion of the Aleutians to lure the North American naval forces, which were crippled after the attack on Pearl Harbor, into a fight. The Japanese thought that by diverting the American navy to the Aleutians, the major portion of Yamamoto's fleet could safely strike elsewhere in the Pacific.
Pacific Turning Point
On June 4, 1942, at nearly the same time the Japanese bombed Dutch Harbor, American and Japanese forces converged on Midway Island to fight the battle which would be seen later as the turning point of the war in the Pacific. Thanks in part to American code-breakers, Admiral Chester Nimitz and his armed forces were ready for battle. The heroes of Midway claimed major prizes from Yamamoto's armada, including four aircraft carriers and a cruiser, inflicting damage that would affect Japanese naval strength for the rest of the war. Still, the Japanese presence in the Aleutians remained as menacing as its activities elsewhere in the Pacific theater.
Fears in Alaska
While Japan played its offensive cards, the Army Corps of Engineers were hard at work constructing the Alaska Highway. News of the Aleutian invasion made the workers understandably nervous. In the climate of the day, rumors were difficult to separate from news. "Every Saturday and Sunday we had a brushfire somewhere that we had to go out and put out," recalled John Bollin, a worker on the Alaska Highway. "The propaganda was the Japs were setting off fire balloons to deter what we was doing."
Japan's presence gave the highway's builders a greater sense of purpose, and critics of the project were easily silenced. In the face of Japanese occupation, the construction of a land route to supply military bases in Alaska now appeared to be crucial to most Americans.
The Changing Tide of 1943
By the time the Army Corps of Engineers completed the pioneer road of the Alaska Highway, in the late fall of 1942, the Japanese were still in the Aleutians. However, they were never able to muster enough strength to make a push from the Aleutians. In May 1943, U.S. forces attacked the Japanese on Attu. By the end of the month, the Japanese had retreated from the island, but not before demonstrations of their code of honor -- including mass suicides and take-no-prisoner battles to the death -- convinced Americans that they were fighting an unrelenting enemy.
In late July, the Japanese discreetly withdrew from the island of Kiska, ending the nearly one year occupation of the Aleutian Islands. An invasion of the continental United States seemed less likely, and the urgency and importance of the Alaska Highway faded.
Military Installations as Insurance
However, the highway's presence helped reassure Americans. As Dr. Ken Coates explained, "For the Allied powers the Alaska Highway could have been absolutely central. The vast majority of military bases are never really used for their intended purpose. They're there because they might be necessary -- You might need this fort, you might need this airfield... you might need a highway to Alaska."
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The zebra longwing (Heliconius charithonia) is a common resident of the Cockrell Butterfly Center (CBC). This butterfly is easily recognizable with boldly striped yellow and black wings. When visiting the CBC, you’ll often spot them sipping nectar from the flowers and nectar feeders or sunning themselves with their wings spread open. These butterflies have some unique features and behaviors that set them apart form the rest!
Bright, contrasting warning colors are known as aposematic coloration. They indicate to potential predators of the “unprofitability” of a prey item. The bold yellow and black stripes on the zebra longwing serve as a warning signal to potential predators of the butterfly’s unpalatable and poisonous nature. Zebra longwing caterpillars feed on passion vine (passiflora) leaves and acquire some of their toxins, making them distasteful to predators.
Most butterflies can only sip fluids with their proboscis, most commonly flower nectar. Zebra longwings, on the other hand, also feed on pollen. They use their saliva to dissolve the pollen and take in its nutrients. Pollen, unlike nectar, contains proteins and is very nutritious. Pollen feeding is correlated with overall higher fitness. This diet allows zebra longwings to live longer (up to six months) and increases females’ egg production.
Male zebra longwings exhibit pupal mating, in which they will mate with a female before and immediately after she emerges from her chrysalis. Males will seek out a female pupae and will perch on it and guard it from competing males. Many males may fight for the opportunity to mate with the yet-to-emerge female. The successful male will insert his abdomen into the softening pupae and copulate with the female. Mating will continue as she emerges and dries her wings. The males will pass a nutrient-rich spermatophore to the female which reduces her attractiveness to future mates. This male (at right) begins mating with the female before she has even emerged from her chrysalis.
Adult zebra longwings roost communally in groups of up to 60 individuals at night. They tend to return to the same roost on a nightly basis. In the late afternoon, zebras can be observed fluttering and basking near their roost site as they slowly gather together for the night. Roosting together provides protection from predators and retains warmth.
So now you know! These beautiful, brightly colored butterflies are bad-tasting, and long-lived. They have unique mating habits and the snuggle together at night. Something to remember next time you visit the zebras at the CBC!
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Dementia is a gradual progressive decrease in mental capacity in which memory, decision-making skills, and the ability to learn become impaired. One of the most challenging conditions to affect our rising aging population is Alzheimer's disease (AD). This disease is the most common form of dementia and accounts for more than 65% of all forms of dementia in the elderly.1
AD is the 8th leading cause of death in the United States. It affects approximately 4.2 million to 5.8 million individuals. Approximately 1 person in 10 over 65 years of age is affected, and 5 out of 10 individuals 85 years old or older are affected. In addition, a very small percentage of individuals in their 40s may be diagnosed with AD.2 Since 1980, the number of Americans with AD has more than doubled, and unfortunately the number is expected to continue to increase.3 It is estimated that by the year 2050 the number of individuals with AD could range from 11.3 million to 16 million.3
On average, an individual will live 8 years after diagnosis or as many as 20 years from the onset of symptoms.2,3 Caring for individuals with AD requires significant resources. For instance, it is estimated that 1 to 4 family members act as caregivers for an individual with AD. According to the Alzheimer's Association and the National Institute on Aging, the national direct and indirect costs attributed to caring for individuals with AD are at least $100 billion. The average lifetime cost for an individual with AD is $174,000.2
What Is AD?
AD is a progressive and degenerative condition that is characterized by a loss of mental function.1
Although the exact cause is unknown, theories suggest that AD can be due to both inherited and environmental factors. The disease appears to run in some families. In AD, certain components of the brain degenerate, thus destroying nerve cells and reducing the responsiveness of the unaffected brain cells to the neurotransmitters in the brain. Research has shown that patients with AD exhibit 2 types of abnormalities in the brain tissue: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Researchers are still unclear as to whether these structures cause AD or are a result of it.2 The progression of AD often is unpredictable, and severity varies from patient to patient.
There are 2 distinct types of AD: familial AD and sporadic AD. Familial AD follows an obvious inheritance pattern. This is a very rare form of AD and may be responsible for less than 10% of all AD cases. Familial AD typically occurs before the age of 60, so it is also referred to as early-onset AD. With regard to sporadic AD, genes may not be the direct cause of the disease but may influence the risk of developing AD. Sporadic AD is sometimes referred to as late-onset AD, because many cases occur in individuals after the age of 60, with the vast majority of individuals in their 70s and 80s.4,5 There are, however, exceptions to the general observations regarding age at onset.4,5 Three genetic mutations (amyloid precursor protein [APP], presenilin 1 [PS1], and presenilin 2 [PS2]) are known to cause a small number of early-onset forms of AD. Furthermore, the apolipoprotein E gene may increase an individual's chance of developing late-onset AD.4,5
Current research indicates that AD may be triggered by several factors, including age, genetics, serious head injuries, and inflammation of the brain, as well as environmental factors.2,4 Age is the most important known risk factor.
Most patients' symptoms progress gradually over a number of years and may not be noticeable early on. Symptoms can be classified into 2 categories2:
The disease customarily is marked by 3 general stages: mild, moderate, and severe (Table 1).As the disease progresses from the mild to the moderate stage, the signs of AD may become more noticeable to family members and friends. Usually at this stage, the need for caregiver assistance becomes essential for the safety of the individual. In the severe stage of AD, individuals usually are solely dependent upon the caregiver.6
There is no definitive diagnostic test to determine whether an individual has AD. Diagnosis of AD, however, can be determined through the symptoms illustrated by the patient, by assessment of the patient through medical history from family members, and by a thorough neurologic examination. Today, clinicians can diagnose AD with up to 90% accuracy, but a confirmation of the diagnosis can be made only at the time of autopsy.2
Currently, the FDA has approved 2 classes of drugs to treat cognitive symptoms of AD, such as memory problems and other mental deficits (Table 2).
The first medications to be approved were cholinesterase inhibitors. Three of these drugs are commonly prescribed: donepezil (Aricept), approved in 1996; rivastigmine (Exelon), approved in 2000; and galantamine (Razadyne; formerly Reminyl), approved in 20016 (Table 2). Tacrine (Cognex), the first cholinesterase inhibitor, was approved in 1993, but it is rarely prescribed today because of its associated side effects, including possible liver damage.7
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
In October 2003, the FDA approved memantine (Namenda), the only approved agent for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD. This agent is classified as the first N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. It aids in protecting nerve cells in the brain from excess glutamate, which is the neurotransmitter that plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. It is presumed that this agent exerts its action as an uncompetitive openchannel NMDA receptor antagonist that binds to the NMDA receptor-operated cation channels.8
Clinical studies have shown that memantine actually may improve memory function and prolong independence and quality of life in some AD patients.8 This agent can be used as monotherapy or in conjunction with cholinesterase inhibitors. It is available in 5- and 10-mg tablets. The usual starting dosage is 5 mg once daily, titrated eventually up to the desired dose of 20 mg per day. The dosage is increased in increments of 5 to 10 mg per day in 2 divided doses, then 15 mg per day (administered as 5 and 10 mg as separate doses), then 20 mg daily as 10 mg bid. This agent can be taken with or without meals. The recommended minimal time interval between dosage increases is 1 week.
Following administration, memantine is highly absorbed, with peak concentrations reached in 3 to 7 hours. The manufacturer cautions that, in certain cases, some agents, such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and sodium bicarbonate, which increase urinary pH, may decrease the urinary elimination of memantine, resulting in increased plasma levels of this agent.8 The most frequently reported side effects include ataxia, hypokinesia, anemia, dizziness, headache, and constipation.
What Other Therapy May Be Needed?
It may be necessary to use other agents such as antidepressants, antianxiety agents, and antipsychotics to treat such specific behavioral symptoms as agitation, hallucinations, or sleep disturbances often associated with AD that may not respond to nonpharmacologic behavioral strategies. These agents are prescribed based upon specific patient need. Most individuals with AD do not die from the disease itself but rather from complications of a secondary illness such as pneumonia. In some cases, when AD patients are unable to care for themselves, this inability may increase the risk for developing other health concerns, including pneumonia, infections, and injuries or complications due to falls.4
Managing the care of an individual with AD can be difficult and overwhelming at times. All caregivers should be encouraged to participate in some form of support network. Because AD is a progressive disease, decisions about care need to be planned in advance. These decisions depend upon the home environment, the availability of family members and/or other caregivers able to assist, financial resources, and the presence of other physiologic conditions in the patient.
The Role of the Pharmacist
Each case of AD presents a unique set of circumstances and challenges. Pharmacists can be a fundamental source of information and support for those diagnosed with the disease and their caregivers. Caring for a patient with AD involves more than drug treatment. Caregivers should be encouraged to join local support groups and to take care of themselves as well.
Pharmacists are crucial members of the health care team and should thoroughly counsel AD patients and their caregivers on the agents currently prescribed for this disease. Pharmacists can monitor drug regimens for drug interactions and contraindications. More importantly, pharmacists should demonstrate empathy toward patients with AD and their caregivers. They should keep caregivers updated on new developments in the fight against this condition and suggest sources of information for them. Although at the present time there are no cures for AD, the hope for these patients lies in the ongoing research. Maybe one day that hope will become a reality and benefit the millions of individuals affected by AD.
Ms. Terrie is a clinical pharmacy writer based in Haymarket,VA.
For a list of references, send a stamped, self-addressed envelope to: References Department, Attn. A. Stahl, Pharmacy Times, 241 Forsgate Drive, Jamesburg, NJ 08831; or send an e-mail request to: email@example.com.
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A French field surgeon's autobiographical tales of the Western Front
Civilization, 1914–1917 is a largely autobiographical narrative of the Great War written by a remarkable observer—a French physician, poet, and novelist who treated the wounded and performed some two thousand operations in mobile hospital units during the war. First published in 1918 and translated into English the following year, the book was awarded the Prix Goncourt and a special award of the Académie Française. Out of print for ninety years, Georges Duhamel's account is available once more in this Joseph M. Bruccoli Great War Series edition featuring a new introduction by Catharine Savage Brosman, which offers a biographical sketch of Duhamel and places his work within the context of French narratives of World War I.
Duhamel's book comprises sixteen vignettes in which character rather than plot remains the constant focus. Each tale is presented in the first person but with varying narrators. The settings are often field medical units just miles away from the bombardments. Here the stench of blood, plight of the wounded, and efforts of well-intentioned doctors bring to the fore the realities of war as Duhamel knew them to be. Pathos, anger, and frustration are more plentiful than any sense of glory, duty, or honor in these circumstances. In lieu of the political and nationalistic considerations of war that dominate the writings of some of his contemporaries, Duhamel's narratives offer instead the historical and literary merits of his keen attention to details—particularly concerning combat medicine—and his rich development of the varied tones, characters, and locations of his sketches. Throughout the book Duhamel pits those characters and efforts meant to preserve and mend humanity against an overarching machine age and its armored acolytes intent on human destruction. The resulting collection works to bear authoritative witness to the war on the Western Front and to extract from the author's experiences some measure of poetic truth about the nature of civilization in our modern age.
A prolific writer, Georges Duhamel (1884–1966) authored more than sixty volumes of fiction, nonfiction, and poetry along with several plays. In 1935 he was elected to a seat at the Académie Française.
Catharine Savage Brosman is professor emerita of French at Tulane University and an honorary research professor at the University of Sheffield. She is the author of numerous books on nineteenth- and twentieth-century French literature, including Visions of War in France: Fiction, Art, Ideology.
"Like most Great War fiction, this work is autobiographical in part. It is not a narrative novel but rather a series of vignettes focusing on characters sketched with uncommon skill and attention to detail. The settings are often field medical stations. His characters encompass ordinary soldiers, priests, officers, and civilians in a variety of settings. His prose illuminates and preserves the struggle of ordinary men to cope with the stresses of mind-numbing industrialized warfare."—St. Mihiel Trip-Wire
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Research on a tiny worm is yielding clues about dystonia, a disabling neurological disease of humans. University of California, Davis, researchers have found a gene in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans that matches a gene altered in one form of dystonia. By studying the worm gene, they hope to find out more about how the human dystonia gene works.
People with dystonia have sudden muscle contractions that force the body into abnormal and painful postures. It is the second most common neurological movement disorder, after Parkinson's Disease, affecting about half a million people in the U.S. and Canada. Scientists think that defects in parts of the brain that control movement cause the disease, but the exact causes are not known. Some milder types of dystonia can be treated with botulinum toxin injections, but there is no cure.
Lesilee Rose, an assistant professor of molecular and cell biology at UC Davis, discovered the gene, called OOC-5, while looking for genes that control cell division in Caenorhabditis embryos.
Rose and graduate student Stephen Basham found that in Caenorhabditis, the OOC-5 protein is required to establish polarity of the cell, so that different proteins can be sent to different ends before division. That allows a parent cell to divide into two new cells that are different from each other.
Establishing polarity is also important in many other kinds of cells in more complex animals. For example, human nerve cells secrete chemical messenger molecules only at the synapses at the far tip of the cell.
A database search showed that the protein produced by OOC-5 is related to a human protein called Torsin A found in human nerve cells and known to be mutated in people with early-onset dystonia.
With a new grant of $43,325 from the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, Rose's lab will now study how OOC-5 interacts with other proteins in the worm. They hope that this will show how Torsin genes work in humans and how mutations in these genes can lead to dystonia.
The above story is based on materials provided by University Of California - Davis. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
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Toy Science Opens November 27
Toy Science is back with loads of game style exhibits featuring Wooly Willy, Battling Tops, Kerplunk, Skittles, Shut the Box and much more! Each toy is not only really fun to play with but also demonstrates a physics principle or scientific fact. Toy Science exhibit will be at ScienceWorks Museum through January, 2016.
Did you know that your kids are experimenting with science all the time as they reach for that favorite toy or game? Did you know that you are engaged in assessing probabilities with games of chance? Why do games and toys that combine both elements of luck and strategy intrigue us the most?
ScienceWorks exhibit builders and volunteers took a selection of classic toys and have recreated them on a larger scale. Whether playing with simple machines, magnetism or games of chance, toys give us an interesting glimpse into some fascinating scientific principles. Explore our balance circus, giant kaleidoscopes and many more fun exhibits. Kids and adults can share in an exploration of toys spanning the turn of two centuries.
Click on the images below for a larger view.
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