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[ "Penicillin", "has part(s)", "nitrogen" ]
Production Penicillin is produced by the fermentation of various types of sugar by the fungus Penicillium rubens. The fermentation process produces penicillin as a secondary metabolite when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. The biosynthetic pathway outlined below experiences feedback inhibition involving...
has part(s)
19
[ "contains", "comprises", "includes", "consists of", "has components" ]
null
null
[ "Penicillin", "discoverer or inventor", "Alexander Fleming" ]
Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens. Most penicillins in clinical use are synthesised by P. chrysogenum using deep tank fermentation and then purified. A number of natural penicillins have been discovered, ...
discoverer or inventor
110
[ "discoverer", "inventor", "creator", "pioneer", "innovator" ]
null
null
[ "Penicillin", "has part(s)", "oxygen" ]
Biosynthesis Overall, there are three main and important steps to the biosynthesis of penicillin G (benzylpenicillin).
has part(s)
19
[ "contains", "comprises", "includes", "consists of", "has components" ]
null
null
[ "Penicillin", "subject has role", "secondary metabolite" ]
Production Penicillin is produced by the fermentation of various types of sugar by the fungus Penicillium rubens. The fermentation process produces penicillin as a secondary metabolite when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. The biosynthetic pathway outlined below experiences feedback inhibition involving...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Penicillin", "instance of", "structural class of chemical compounds" ]
Antipseudomonal antibiotics The Gram-negative species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is naturally resistant to many antibiotic classes. There were many efforts in the 1960s and 1970s to develop antibiotics that are active against Pseudomonas species. There are two chemical classes within the group: carboxypenicillins and ure...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Sirolimus", "instance of", "chemical compound" ]
Research Cancer The antiproliferative effects of sirolimus may have a role in treating cancer. When dosed appropriately, sirolimus can enhance the immune response to tumor targeting or otherwise promote tumor regression in clinical trials. Sirolimus seems to lower the cancer risk in some transplant patients.Sirolimus w...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Sirolimus", "instance of", "medication" ]
Medical uses Sirolimus is indicated for the prevention of organ transplant rejection and for the treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).Sirolimus (Fyarro), as protein-bound particles, is indicated for the treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic malignant perivascular epithelioid cell t...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Sirolimus", "subject has role", "immunosuppressive drug" ]
Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin and sold under the brand name Rapamune among others, is a macrolide compound that is used to coat coronary stents, prevent organ transplant rejection, treat a rare lung disease called lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and treat perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa). It has immunosuppre...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Sirolimus", "instance of", "(32RS)-rapamycin" ]
Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin and sold under the brand name Rapamune among others, is a macrolide compound that is used to coat coronary stents, prevent organ transplant rejection, treat a rare lung disease called lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and treat perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa). It has immunosuppre...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Sirolimus", "instance of", "type of chemical entity" ]
Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin and sold under the brand name Rapamune among others, is a macrolide compound that is used to coat coronary stents, prevent organ transplant rejection, treat a rare lung disease called lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and treat perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa). It has immunosuppre...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Sirolimus", "part of", "response to rapamycin" ]
Vascular malformations Sirolimus is used to treat vascular malformations. Treatment with sirolimus can decrease pain and the fullness of vascular malformations, improve coagulation levels, and slow the growth of abnormal lymphatic vessels. Sirolimus is a relatively new medical therapy for the treatment of vascular malf...
part of
15
[ "a component of", "a constituent of", "an element of", "a fragment of", "a portion of" ]
null
null
[ "Clarithromycin", "instance of", "chemical compound" ]
Clarithromycin, sold under the brand name Biaxin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. This includes strep throat, pneumonia, skin infections, H. pylori infection, and Lyme disease, among others. Clarithromycin can be taken by mouth as a pill or liquid.Common side effects include na...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Clarithromycin", "subject has role", "antibiotic" ]
Clarithromycin, sold under the brand name Biaxin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. This includes strep throat, pneumonia, skin infections, H. pylori infection, and Lyme disease, among others. Clarithromycin can be taken by mouth as a pill or liquid.Common side effects include na...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Clarithromycin", "subject has role", "protein synthesis inhibitors" ]
Mechanism of action Clarithromycin prevents bacteria from multiplying by acting as a protein synthesis inhibitor. It binds to 23S rRNA, a component of the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thus inhibiting the translation of peptides.
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Clarithromycin", "instance of", "type of chemical entity" ]
Clarithromycin, sold under the brand name Biaxin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. This includes strep throat, pneumonia, skin infections, H. pylori infection, and Lyme disease, among others. Clarithromycin can be taken by mouth as a pill or liquid.Common side effects include na...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Fumagillin", "instance of", "medication" ]
In humans Fumagillin has been used in the treatment of microsporidiosis. It is also an amebicide.Fumagillin can block blood vessel formation by binding to an enzyme methionine aminopeptidase 2 and for this reason, the compound, together with semisynthetic derivatives, are investigated as an angiogenesis inhibitor in th...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Cefixime", "instance of", "medication" ]
Spectrum of bacterial susceptibility Cefixime is a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and is commonly used to treat bacterial infections of the ear, urinary tract, and upper respiratory tract. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant microorganisms: Escherichia coli: 0.015 µ...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Cefixime", "instance of", "essential medicine" ]
Cefixime, sold under the brand name Suprax among others, is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections. These infections include otitis media, strep throat, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and Lyme disease. For gonorrhea typically only one dose is required. In the United Sta...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Cefixime", "instance of", "type of chemical entity" ]
Spectrum of bacterial susceptibility Cefixime is a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and is commonly used to treat bacterial infections of the ear, urinary tract, and upper respiratory tract. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant microorganisms: Escherichia coli: 0.015 µ...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Azithromycin", "instance of", "chemical compound" ]
Azithromycin, sold under the brand names Zithromax (in oral form) and Azasite (as an eye drop), is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, traveler's diarrhea, and certain other intestinal infections. Along with o...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Azithromycin", "instance of", "medication" ]
Azithromycin, sold under the brand names Zithromax (in oral form) and Azasite (as an eye drop), is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, traveler's diarrhea, and certain other intestinal infections. Along with o...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Azithromycin", "instance of", "essential medicine" ]
Azithromycin, sold under the brand names Zithromax (in oral form) and Azasite (as an eye drop), is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, traveler's diarrhea, and certain other intestinal infections. Along with o...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Azithromycin", "subclass of", "macrolides" ]
Azithromycin, sold under the brand names Zithromax (in oral form) and Azasite (as an eye drop), is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, traveler's diarrhea, and certain other intestinal infections. Along with o...
subclass of
109
[ "is a type of", "is a kind of", "is a subtype of", "belongs to category", "is classified as" ]
null
null
[ "Azithromycin", "subject has role", "protein synthesis inhibitors" ]
Pharmacology Mechanism of action Azithromycin prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thus inhibiting translation of mRNA. Nucleic acid synthesis is not affected.
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Brefeldin A", "instance of", "type of chemical entity" ]
Brefeldin A is a lactone antiviral produced by the fungus Penicillium brefeldianum. Brefeldin A inhibits protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi complex indirectly by preventing association of COP-I coat to the Golgi membrane. Brefeldin A was initially isolated with hopes to become an antiviral d...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Fosfomycin", "subject has role", "antibiotic" ]
Mechanism of action Despite its name (ending in -omycin) Fosfomycin is not a macrolide, but a member of a novel class of phosphonic antibiotics. Fosfomycin is bactericidal and inhibits bacterial cell wall biogenesis by inactivating the enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-3-enolpyruvyltransferase, also known as MurA. This e...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Fosfomycin", "subject has role", "enzyme inhibitor" ]
Mechanism of action Despite its name (ending in -omycin) Fosfomycin is not a macrolide, but a member of a novel class of phosphonic antibiotics. Fosfomycin is bactericidal and inhibits bacterial cell wall biogenesis by inactivating the enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-3-enolpyruvyltransferase, also known as MurA. This e...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Dactinomycin", "has use", "medication" ]
Medical use Actinomycin is a clear, yellowish liquid administered intravenously and most commonly used in treatment of a variety of cancers, including:
has use
81
[ "utilizes", "employs", "makes use of", "is equipped with", "possesses" ]
null
null
[ "Dactinomycin", "has use", "essential medicine" ]
Medical use Actinomycin is a clear, yellowish liquid administered intravenously and most commonly used in treatment of a variety of cancers, including:
has use
81
[ "utilizes", "employs", "makes use of", "is equipped with", "possesses" ]
null
null
[ "Dactinomycin", "subject has role", "antineoplastic antibiotics" ]
Medical use Actinomycin is a clear, yellowish liquid administered intravenously and most commonly used in treatment of a variety of cancers, including:
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Streptomycin", "subject has role", "antibiotic" ]
History Streptomycin was first isolated on October 19, 1943, by Albert Schatz, a PhD student in the laboratory of Selman Abraham Waksman at Rutgers University in a research project funded by Merck and Co. Waksman and his laboratory staff discovered several antibiotics, including actinomycin, clavacin, streptothricin, ...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Streptomycin", "instance of", "medication" ]
History Streptomycin was first isolated on October 19, 1943, by Albert Schatz, a PhD student in the laboratory of Selman Abraham Waksman at Rutgers University in a research project funded by Merck and Co. Waksman and his laboratory staff discovered several antibiotics, including actinomycin, clavacin, streptothricin, ...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Streptomycin", "subclass of", "aminoglycoside" ]
Streptomycin is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, endocarditis, brucellosis, Burkholderia infection, plague, tularemia, and rat bite fever. For active tuberculosis it is often given together with isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyraz...
subclass of
109
[ "is a type of", "is a kind of", "is a subtype of", "belongs to category", "is classified as" ]
null
null
[ "Streptomycin", "discoverer or inventor", "Albert Schatz" ]
History Streptomycin was first isolated on October 19, 1943, by Albert Schatz, a PhD student in the laboratory of Selman Abraham Waksman at Rutgers University in a research project funded by Merck and Co. Waksman and his laboratory staff discovered several antibiotics, including actinomycin, clavacin, streptothricin, ...
discoverer or inventor
110
[ "discoverer", "inventor", "creator", "pioneer", "innovator" ]
null
null
[ "Streptomycin", "subject has role", "protein synthesis inhibitors" ]
Mechanism of action Streptomycin functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor. It binds to the small 16S rRNA of the 30S ribosomal subunit irreversibly, interfering with the binding of formyl-methionyl-tRNA to the 30S subunit. This causes codon misreading, inhibition of protein synthesis, and ultimately death of the cell...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Tetracycline", "instance of", "chemical compound" ]
Names It is marketed under the brand names Sumycin, Tetracyn, and Panmycin, among others. Actisite is a thread-like fiber formulation used in dental applications.It is also used to produce several semisynthetic derivatives, which together are known as the tetracycline antibiotics. The term "tetracycline" is also used t...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Tetracycline", "instance of", "tetracycline antibiotic" ]
Names It is marketed under the brand names Sumycin, Tetracyn, and Panmycin, among others. Actisite is a thread-like fiber formulation used in dental applications.It is also used to produce several semisynthetic derivatives, which together are known as the tetracycline antibiotics. The term "tetracycline" is also used t...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Amoxicillin", "instance of", "medication" ]
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections. These include middle ear infection, strep throat, pneumonia, skin infections, and urinary tract infections among others. It is taken by mouth, or less commonly by injection.Common adverse effects include nausea and rash. It may also...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Amoxicillin", "instance of", "chemical compound" ]
Anticoagulants (dabigatran, warfarin). Methotrexate (chemotherapy and immunosuppressant). Typhoid, Cholera and BCG vaccines. Probenecid reduces renal excretion and increases blood levels of amoxicillin. Oral contraceptives potentially become less effective. Allopurinol (gout treatment). Mycophenolate (immunosuppressant...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Amoxicillin", "subclass of", "penicillin" ]
Pharmacology Amoxicillin (α-amino-p-hydroxybenzyl penicillin) is a semisynthetic derivative of penicillin with a structure similar to ampicillin but with better absorption when taken by mouth, thus yielding higher concentrations in blood and in urine. Amoxicillin diffuses easily into tissues and body fluids. It will c...
subclass of
109
[ "is a type of", "is a kind of", "is a subtype of", "belongs to category", "is classified as" ]
null
null
[ "Amoxicillin", "instance of", "type of chemical entity" ]
Spectrum of activity It is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, β-lactam antibiotic in the aminopenicillin family used to treat susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is usually the drug of choice within the class because it is better-absorbed, following oral administration, than other β-lactam antibio...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Amoxicillin", "subclass of", "bactericide" ]
Pharmacology Amoxicillin (α-amino-p-hydroxybenzyl penicillin) is a semisynthetic derivative of penicillin with a structure similar to ampicillin but with better absorption when taken by mouth, thus yielding higher concentrations in blood and in urine. Amoxicillin diffuses easily into tissues and body fluids. It will c...
subclass of
109
[ "is a type of", "is a kind of", "is a subtype of", "belongs to category", "is classified as" ]
null
null
[ "Erythromycin", "subject has role", "antibiotic" ]
Pharmacology Mechanism of action Erythromycin displays bacteriostatic activity or inhibits growth of bacteria, especially at higher concentrations. By binding to the 50s subunit of the bacterial rRNA complex, protein synthesis and subsequent structure and function processes critical for life or replication are inhibit...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Ampicillin", "different from", "amoxicillin" ]
Pharmacology Mechanism of action Ampicillin is in the penicillin group of beta-lactam antibiotics and is part of the aminopenicillin family. It is roughly equivalent to amoxicillin in terms of activity. Ampicillin is able to penetrate gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. It differs from penicillin G, or benzy...
different from
12
[ "not same as", "not identical to", "distinct from", "separate from", "unlike" ]
null
null
[ "Ampicillin", "instance of", "penicillin" ]
Bacteria Ampicillin is used to treat infections by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It was the first "broad spectrum" penicillin with activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, some isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (but not penicillin-resistant or...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Natamycin", "instance of", "medication" ]
Natamycin, also known as pimaricin, is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections around the eye. This includes infections of the eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea. It is used as eyedrops. Natamycin is also used in the food industry as a preservative.Allergic reactions may occur. It is unclear if medical u...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Natamycin", "subject has role", "antifungal" ]
Natamycin, also known as pimaricin, is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections around the eye. This includes infections of the eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea. It is used as eyedrops. Natamycin is also used in the food industry as a preservative.Allergic reactions may occur. It is unclear if medical u...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Natamycin", "instance of", "polyene macrolide" ]
Natamycin, also known as pimaricin, is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections around the eye. This includes infections of the eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea. It is used as eyedrops. Natamycin is also used in the food industry as a preservative.Allergic reactions may occur. It is unclear if medical u...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Nystatin", "instance of", "medication" ]
Nystatin, sold under the brandname Mycostatin among others, is an antifungal medication. It is used to treat Candida infections of the skin including diaper rash, thrush, esophageal candidiasis, and vaginal yeast infections. It may also be used to prevent candidiasis in those who are at high risk. Nystatin may be used ...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Nystatin", "subject has role", "ionophore" ]
Mechanism of action Like amphotericin B and natamycin, nystatin is an ionophore. It binds to ergosterol, a major component of the fungal cell membrane. When present in sufficient concentrations, it forms pores in the membrane that lead to K+ leakage, acidification, and death of the fungus. Ergosterol is a sterol uniqu...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Nystatin", "subject has role", "antifungal" ]
Nystatin, sold under the brandname Mycostatin among others, is an antifungal medication. It is used to treat Candida infections of the skin including diaper rash, thrush, esophageal candidiasis, and vaginal yeast infections. It may also be used to prevent candidiasis in those who are at high risk. Nystatin may be used ...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Ciprofloxacin", "has part(s)", "carbon" ]
Chemical properties Ciprofloxacin is 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. Its empirical formula is C17H18FN3O3 and its molecular weight is 331.4 g/mol. It is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline substance.Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (USP) is the monohydrochlo...
has part(s)
19
[ "contains", "comprises", "includes", "consists of", "has components" ]
null
null
[ "Ciprofloxacin", "subject has role", "antibiotic" ]
Mechanism of action Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class. It is active against some Gram-positive and many Gram-negative bacteria. It functions by inhibiting a type II topoisomerase (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell divis...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Ciprofloxacin", "instance of", "chemical compound" ]
Mechanism of action Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class. It is active against some Gram-positive and many Gram-negative bacteria. It functions by inhibiting a type II topoisomerase (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell divis...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Ciprofloxacin", "subclass of", "quinolones" ]
Mechanism of action Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class. It is active against some Gram-positive and many Gram-negative bacteria. It functions by inhibiting a type II topoisomerase (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell divis...
subclass of
109
[ "is a type of", "is a kind of", "is a subtype of", "belongs to category", "is classified as" ]
null
null
[ "Ciprofloxacin", "subclass of", "fluoroquinolone" ]
Mechanism of action Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class. It is active against some Gram-positive and many Gram-negative bacteria. It functions by inhibiting a type II topoisomerase (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell divis...
subclass of
109
[ "is a type of", "is a kind of", "is a subtype of", "belongs to category", "is classified as" ]
null
null
[ "Ciprofloxacin", "subject has role", "topoisomerase II inhibitor" ]
Mechanism of action Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class. It is active against some Gram-positive and many Gram-negative bacteria. It functions by inhibiting a type II topoisomerase (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell divis...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Fusidic acid", "instance of", "chemical compound" ]
Fusidic acid, sold under the brand names Fucidin among others, is an antibiotic that is often used topically in creams and eyedrops but may also be given systemically as tablets or injections. As of October 2008, the global problem of advancing antimicrobial resistance has led to a renewed interest in its use.Pharmacol...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Fusidic acid", "instance of", "medication" ]
Pharmacology Fusidic acid acts as a bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor by preventing the turnover of elongation factor G (EF-G) from the ribosome. Fusidic acid is effective primarily on Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species, and Corynebacterium species. Fusidic acid inhibits b...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Fusidic acid", "subject has role", "antibiotic" ]
Pharmacology Fusidic acid acts as a bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor by preventing the turnover of elongation factor G (EF-G) from the ribosome. Fusidic acid is effective primarily on Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species, and Corynebacterium species. Fusidic acid inhibits b...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Fusidic acid", "subject has role", "protein synthesis inhibitors" ]
Pharmacology Fusidic acid acts as a bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor by preventing the turnover of elongation factor G (EF-G) from the ribosome. Fusidic acid is effective primarily on Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species, and Corynebacterium species. Fusidic acid inhibits b...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Cephalosporin", "subclass of", "cephem antibiotic" ]
The cephalosporins (sg. ) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus Acremonium, which was previously known as Cephalosporium.Together with cephamycins, they constitute a subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics called cephems. Cephalosporins were discovered in 1945, and first sold in 1964.Discovery...
subclass of
109
[ "is a type of", "is a kind of", "is a subtype of", "belongs to category", "is classified as" ]
null
null
[ "Chloramphenicol", "subject has role", "protein synthesis inhibitors" ]
Drug synergism Chloramphenicol has been demonstrated a synergistic effect when combined with fosfomycin against clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium.Mechanism of action Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic agent, inhibiting protein synthesis. It prevents protein chain elongation by inhibiting the peptidyl transfer...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Chloramphenicol", "subject has role", "antibiotic" ]
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis. By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. Its use by mouth or by injection is only recommended when...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Chloramphenicol", "subject has role", "bactericide" ]
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis. By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. Its use by mouth or by injection is only recommended when...
subject has role
116
[ "subject plays the role of", "subject acts as", "subject fulfills the role of", "subject is a", "subject serves as" ]
null
null
[ "Abubakar Habu Hashidu", "country of citizenship", "Nigeria" ]
Alhaji Abubakar Habu Hashidu (10 April 1944 – 27 July 2018) was a Nigerian politician and former governor of Gombe State, Nigeria under the platform of All People's Party (APP) from May 1999 to May 2003.Hashidu was the minister of Water Resources as well as a minister of Agriculture and Rural Development during the mil...
country of citizenship
63
[ "citizenship country", "place of citizenship", "country of origin", "citizenship nation", "country of citizenship status" ]
null
null
[ "Abubakar Habu Hashidu", "location", "Gombe State" ]
Alhaji Abubakar Habu Hashidu (10 April 1944 – 27 July 2018) was a Nigerian politician and former governor of Gombe State, Nigeria under the platform of All People's Party (APP) from May 1999 to May 2003.Hashidu was the minister of Water Resources as well as a minister of Agriculture and Rural Development during the mil...
location
29
[ "place", "position", "site", "locale", "spot" ]
null
null
[ "Abubakar Habu Hashidu", "member of political party", "All Nigeria Peoples Party" ]
Alhaji Abubakar Habu Hashidu (10 April 1944 – 27 July 2018) was a Nigerian politician and former governor of Gombe State, Nigeria under the platform of All People's Party (APP) from May 1999 to May 2003.Hashidu was the minister of Water Resources as well as a minister of Agriculture and Rural Development during the mil...
member of political party
95
[ "affiliated with political party", "party membership", "political party member", "partisan affiliation", "political affiliation" ]
null
null
[ "Abubakar Habu Hashidu", "position held", "Governor of Gombe State" ]
Alhaji Abubakar Habu Hashidu (10 April 1944 – 27 July 2018) was a Nigerian politician and former governor of Gombe State, Nigeria under the platform of All People's Party (APP) from May 1999 to May 2003.Hashidu was the minister of Water Resources as well as a minister of Agriculture and Rural Development during the mil...
position held
59
[ "occupation", "job title", "post", "office", "rank" ]
null
null
[ "Repression of science in the Soviet Union", "facet of", "history of science" ]
Many fields of scientific research in the Soviet Union were banned or suppressed with various justifications. All humanities and social sciences were tested for strict accordance with historical materialism. These tests served as a cover for political suppression of scientists who engaged in research labeled as "ideali...
facet of
101
[ "aspect of", "element of", "feature of", "part of", "component of" ]
null
null
[ "Repression of science in the Soviet Union", "facet of", "history of the Soviet Union" ]
Many fields of scientific research in the Soviet Union were banned or suppressed with various justifications. All humanities and social sciences were tested for strict accordance with historical materialism. These tests served as a cover for political suppression of scientists who engaged in research labeled as "ideali...
facet of
101
[ "aspect of", "element of", "feature of", "part of", "component of" ]
null
null
[ "Repression of science in the Soviet Union", "subclass of", "Ideological repression in the Soviet Union" ]
Many fields of scientific research in the Soviet Union were banned or suppressed with various justifications. All humanities and social sciences were tested for strict accordance with historical materialism. These tests served as a cover for political suppression of scientists who engaged in research labeled as "ideali...
subclass of
109
[ "is a type of", "is a kind of", "is a subtype of", "belongs to category", "is classified as" ]
null
null
[ "Repression of science in the Soviet Union", "instance of", "aspect of history" ]
Many fields of scientific research in the Soviet Union were banned or suppressed with various justifications. All humanities and social sciences were tested for strict accordance with historical materialism. These tests served as a cover for political suppression of scientists who engaged in research labeled as "ideali...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Roald Amundsen's South Pole Journey", "instance of", "film" ]
Roald Amundsen's South Pole Journey (Norwegian: Roald Amundsens sydpolsferd) is a Norwegian documentary film that features Roald Amundsen's original footage from his South Pole expedition from 1910 to 1912. The film was seen for the first time in 1912 and it was used by Amundsen for his traveling lectures.The film was ...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Roald Amundsen's South Pole Journey", "genre", "documentary film" ]
Roald Amundsen's South Pole Journey (Norwegian: Roald Amundsens sydpolsferd) is a Norwegian documentary film that features Roald Amundsen's original footage from his South Pole expedition from 1910 to 1912. The film was seen for the first time in 1912 and it was used by Amundsen for his traveling lectures.The film was ...
genre
85
[ "category", "style", "type", "kind", "class" ]
null
null
[ "Magical Mystery Tour (film)", "country of origin", "United Kingdom" ]
Magical Mystery Tour is a 1967 British made-for-television musical film directed by and starring the Beatles. It is the third film that starred the band and depicts a group of people on a coach tour who experience strange happenings caused by magicians. The premise was inspired by Ken Kesey's Furthur adventures with th...
country of origin
80
[ "place of origin", "homeland", "native land", "motherland", "fatherland" ]
null
null
[ "Magical Mystery Tour (film)", "composer", "The Beatles" ]
Magical Mystery Tour is a 1967 British made-for-television musical film directed by and starring the Beatles. It is the third film that starred the band and depicts a group of people on a coach tour who experience strange happenings caused by magicians. The premise was inspired by Ken Kesey's Furthur adventures with th...
composer
142
[ "author", "songwriter", "creator", "maker", "writer" ]
null
null
[ "Magical Mystery Tour (film)", "producer", "The Beatles" ]
Magical Mystery Tour is a 1967 British made-for-television musical film directed by and starring the Beatles. It is the third film that starred the band and depicts a group of people on a coach tour who experience strange happenings caused by magicians. The premise was inspired by Ken Kesey's Furthur adventures with th...
producer
167
[ "creator", "maker", "manufacturer", "builder", "fabricator" ]
null
null
[ "Magical Mystery Tour (film)", "director", "Paul McCartney" ]
Magical Mystery Tour is a 1967 British made-for-television musical film directed by and starring the Beatles. It is the third film that starred the band and depicts a group of people on a coach tour who experience strange happenings caused by magicians. The premise was inspired by Ken Kesey's Furthur adventures with th...
director
145
[ "filmmaker", "movie director", "film director", "motion picture director", "cinema director" ]
null
null
[ "Magical Mystery Tour (film)", "genre", "musical film" ]
Magical Mystery Tour is a 1967 British made-for-television musical film directed by and starring the Beatles. It is the third film that starred the band and depicts a group of people on a coach tour who experience strange happenings caused by magicians. The premise was inspired by Ken Kesey's Furthur adventures with th...
genre
85
[ "category", "style", "type", "kind", "class" ]
null
null
[ "Magical Mystery Tour (film)", "instance of", "television film" ]
Magical Mystery Tour is a 1967 British made-for-television musical film directed by and starring the Beatles. It is the third film that starred the band and depicts a group of people on a coach tour who experience strange happenings caused by magicians. The premise was inspired by Ken Kesey's Furthur adventures with th...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Erection (film)", "country of origin", "United Kingdom" ]
Erection is a 1971 short film by John Lennon with music by Yoko Ono.
country of origin
80
[ "place of origin", "homeland", "native land", "motherland", "fatherland" ]
null
null
[ "Erection (film)", "director", "John Lennon" ]
Erection is a 1971 short film by John Lennon with music by Yoko Ono.
director
145
[ "filmmaker", "movie director", "film director", "motion picture director", "cinema director" ]
null
null
[ "Erection (film)", "instance of", "film" ]
Erection is a 1971 short film by John Lennon with music by Yoko Ono.Synopsis The 19-minute film is a time-lapse video of the construction of the London International Hotel (now the London Marriott Hotel Kensington) at 147 Cromwell Road, Kensington. The film was made of photographs taken from a single point over a numb...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Erection (film)", "composer", "Yoko Ono" ]
Erection is a 1971 short film by John Lennon with music by Yoko Ono.Synopsis The 19-minute film is a time-lapse video of the construction of the London International Hotel (now the London Marriott Hotel Kensington) at 147 Cromwell Road, Kensington. The film was made of photographs taken from a single point over a numb...
composer
142
[ "author", "songwriter", "creator", "maker", "writer" ]
null
null
[ "Apotheosis (film)", "director", "John Lennon" ]
Apotheosis is a 1970 film directed by John Lennon and Yoko Ono.
director
145
[ "filmmaker", "movie director", "film director", "motion picture director", "cinema director" ]
null
null
[ "Apotheosis (film)", "instance of", "film" ]
Apotheosis is a 1970 film directed by John Lennon and Yoko Ono.Plot The film depicts a 17-minute-long journey on a balloon as it ascends and finally rises into the clouds. Lennon and Ono appear at the start of the film dressed in dark cloaks and hoods.
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Up Your Legs Forever", "director", "John Lennon" ]
Up Your Legs Forever is a 1971 film by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. The film was made on 14 December 1970 on West 61st Street in Manhattan, New York City, though the couple did not have permits to work in the United States at that time.The film was based on Ono's earlier script Film No. 12 (Up Your Legs Forever). The earl...
director
145
[ "filmmaker", "movie director", "film director", "motion picture director", "cinema director" ]
null
null
[ "Up Your Legs Forever", "instance of", "film" ]
Up Your Legs Forever is a 1971 film by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. The film was made on 14 December 1970 on West 61st Street in Manhattan, New York City, though the couple did not have permits to work in the United States at that time.The film was based on Ono's earlier script Film No. 12 (Up Your Legs Forever). The earl...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Fly (film)", "director", "John Lennon" ]
Fly is a 1970 avant-garde short film directed by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. Filmed a year prior to the release of Ono's 1971 album of the same name, the short depicts a housefly crawling around on the body of a nude woman, actress Virginia Lust. By the end of the film, multiple flies can be seen on Lust's body. The film...
director
145
[ "filmmaker", "movie director", "film director", "motion picture director", "cinema director" ]
null
null
[ "Fly (film)", "instance of", "film" ]
Fly is a 1970 avant-garde short film directed by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. Filmed a year prior to the release of Ono's 1971 album of the same name, the short depicts a housefly crawling around on the body of a nude woman, actress Virginia Lust. By the end of the film, multiple flies can be seen on Lust's body. The film...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Hunter of Invisible Game", "country of origin", "United States of America" ]
"Hunter of Invisible Game" is a short film by Bruce Springsteen that was released on July 9, 2014 through his website. The film is also the music video for the song of the same name which is from Springsteen's eighteenth studio album, High Hopes. The film marks directorial debut of Springsteen who co-directed the film ...
country of origin
80
[ "place of origin", "homeland", "native land", "motherland", "fatherland" ]
null
null
[ "Hunter of Invisible Game", "director", "Bruce Springsteen" ]
"Hunter of Invisible Game" is a short film by Bruce Springsteen that was released on July 9, 2014 through his website. The film is also the music video for the song of the same name which is from Springsteen's eighteenth studio album, High Hopes. The film marks directorial debut of Springsteen who co-directed the film ...
director
145
[ "filmmaker", "movie director", "film director", "motion picture director", "cinema director" ]
null
null
[ "Hunter of Invisible Game", "performer", "Bruce Springsteen" ]
"Hunter of Invisible Game" is a short film by Bruce Springsteen that was released on July 9, 2014 through his website. The film is also the music video for the song of the same name which is from Springsteen's eighteenth studio album, High Hopes. The film marks directorial debut of Springsteen who co-directed the film ...
performer
78
[ "actor", "actress", "performing artist", "theater artist", "stage artist" ]
null
null
[ "Hunter of Invisible Game", "instance of", "film" ]
"Hunter of Invisible Game" is a short film by Bruce Springsteen that was released on July 9, 2014 through his website. The film is also the music video for the song of the same name which is from Springsteen's eighteenth studio album, High Hopes. The film marks directorial debut of Springsteen who co-directed the film ...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Franz (film)", "country of origin", "Belgium" ]
Franz is a 1971 Belgian-French film directed by Jacques Brel.Plot The story takes place in a Belgian seaside town, at a boarding house for convalescing civil servants. The six male residents' lives change dramatically when two women arrive. Catherine is a lively, sexually liberated woman willing to kiss, dance, and sle...
country of origin
80
[ "place of origin", "homeland", "native land", "motherland", "fatherland" ]
null
null
[ "Franz (film)", "country of origin", "France" ]
Franz is a 1971 Belgian-French film directed by Jacques Brel.
country of origin
80
[ "place of origin", "homeland", "native land", "motherland", "fatherland" ]
null
null
[ "Franz (film)", "director", "Jacques Brel" ]
Franz is a 1971 Belgian-French film directed by Jacques Brel.
director
145
[ "filmmaker", "movie director", "film director", "motion picture director", "cinema director" ]
null
null
[ "Franz (film)", "composer", "Jacques Brel" ]
Franz is a 1971 Belgian-French film directed by Jacques Brel.
composer
142
[ "author", "songwriter", "creator", "maker", "writer" ]
null
null
[ "Franz (film)", "instance of", "film" ]
Franz is a 1971 Belgian-French film directed by Jacques Brel.
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null