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The compilation process for the 'C' programming language.
Yikes, it's been a long time since I 've used a compiler outside of an IDE where you press one button and everything just kind of magically happens! Here's what I remember, though. And although I'm answering specifically about C, because that's what you asked about, it won't be too different for other languages. * Each source file is processed one at a time. * For each file, the pre-compiler runs first. It handles anything beginning with a # - so that would be #include, #define, etc. These pre-compiler commands are basically just text processing. * The output of the pre-compiler is then compiled. The output of this is a .OBJ file. The .OBJ file contains almost-executable compiled code. The reason it is only almost-executable is because of the "extern" keyword. If a variable, function, etc is declared with the "extern" keyword, this means that the variable or function is actually defined in another source file or library. The code in a .OBJ file can't be executed, because the compiler didn't know where to find all those "extern" things. So it simply puts place-holders into the .OBJ file for now. * Finally, the linker runs. The linker brings together all the .OBJ files, together with the libraries, .LIB files that make up the project. It replaces all the place-holders with references to the real variable or function, since it will now know how to find the real thing. It creates, as its output, the executable file. Apologies if that's not 100% correct, but as I said it's been many years since I had to think about this!What do you mean? In general, a compiler takes human-readable code and translates/converts it into code that a computer can execute.
Why does google offer services such as Google Photos, how do they benefit from hosting my personal images online for free?
Have you noticed how Google Photos groups your photos by who is in them? Like /u/leonardo_pothead pointed out, this uses Google's facial recognition software, and when you go through and mark results there as being incorrect, Google takes that into account in order to improve the software. And this doesn't just go for photos. You can search for other objects like dogs, cats, birds, cars, trucks, and this all improves Google's recognition software.
(From my 6 year old Nephew) If mosquitoes suck blood out, why does your skin puff up?
Our body doesn't like mosquito spit - it thinks it's going to make us sick - so it sends things called *antibodies* in our blood to go fight it, and that makes that part of the skin swell up. ) Edit: [Here's another good answer], which goes into why the bites itch, if your nephew gets curious about that.
How are microchips with millions or billions of transistors designed and validated?
They are designed via VLSI you might use a language like VHDL or Verilog to write down the large-scale architecture and the logic of each part of the chip, and that basically gets compiled into a map of the actual gates on a chip. Once the chip is made, you can use the same Verilog files and a logic analyzer - basically a multi channel oscilloscope that can also think in terms of the various levels of abstraction, from electrical signals to 0's and 1's to protocols, etc - to put in signals and observe the outputs to see if they match what the Verilog logic intended. They also build in self-test circuitry to spy on things from the inside. Have you ever looked at a picture of a naked processor? You can see different sections, like watching farmland go by from an airplane window, it's almost like the physical chip is itself a block diagram of how it works. Those blocks are building blocks - math logic, cache, memory, busses, whatever - that are in turn made up of simpler building blocks, on and on so they start with small parts that are known to work, connect those into bigger structures and test those, connect the bigger structures and test those, on and on until the whole chip is done.
The pros and cons of drinking coffee daily
Pros: It is comforting, and energizing. Caffeine generally functions by inhibiting the enzyme that deactivates cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or cAMP, which is the second messenger in our cells that allow passage of 'adrenalin,' insulin, and glucagon . And, it also metabolizes lipids for energy. This is why you may read that coffee has a thermogenic effect, and this is why. Cons: Coffee is a diuretic, which I would imagine is caused by inhibiting the anti-diuretic hormone's release from the hypothalamus. Also, coffee can cause some form of dependency, and withdrawals. Besides that, and yellow teeth, there arent many more. I drink a lot of coffee.
Why do humans have to go out of their way to take care of their teeth compared to animals in nature?
We live much much longer. We can take care of our teeth through knowledge gained. Our primate ancestors did not constantly regrow teeth as other species do. We only get two sets of teeth. Elephants constantly regrow teeth. My teeth are disappearing due to bone loss which is not a dietary issue.Modern humans eat way more processed sugar than animals and that is one of the major causes of tooth decay. But, it's not like animals never have teeth problems. Elephants, which live approximately the same length as humans, also commonly have dental problems.
how does a digital camera/phone know it's in focus?
Three main way: contrast detection, laser autofocus, and phase detection. Contrast detection- the camera changes its focus until the object it thinks should be in focus has the greatest amount of contrast, where the biggest difference between black and white occur, this is where the object is its sharpest. Laser- works like sonar, it sends out infrared light. When the light goes back to the sensor, the camera figures out how far away the object is and sets the focus to that distance. Phase detection- the incoming light to the sensor is split up and compared, the camera changes its focus until the split images have the object that showed be in focus in focus.
If a body is interred in concrete, will it mummify or decompose - will it leave a big hole where it was like a fossil?
[This experiment] suggests that partial mummification happens, but yes, bodies still decompose because of the bacteria within our body eating us once our immune system ceases function.The water in the body will eventually be absorbed by the concrete, leaving a mostly empty hole. That's why when a worker falls into wet concrete and dies, their body has to be recovered before the concrete hardens or the section would have to be cut and re-poured. _URL_1_", 'Google "Pompeii remains" and look at the image results to see what it looks like. Thousands of people were instantly entombed by a pyroclastic flow -- a surge of volcanic rock dust that fully buried them in a concrete-like substance. Their bodies decomposed leaving gaps. Later, archaeologists took casts of the gaps which show exactly what they were wearing, their body position at death, and other details. Warning: the pictures of the casts are sad and sometimes disturbing.
- Why do the sounds you make when trying to be quiet sound so much louder than when you aren't trying to be quiet?
Because generally it's very very quiet in a room when you're trying to be quiet, so even small sounds are much louder than the rest of the room. When you aren't trying to be quiet, you aren't really paying attention to how much noise you're making, so you don't notice, and generally the room you're in is already full of noise. To test, have a drunk roommate come into the room at 3am in college. He isn't trying to be quiet, and he isn't noticing how loud he is, but holy crap is he making a lot of noise.These quieter sounds are usually either drowned out by other, louder sounds or filtered out by your brain for not being loud enough to get your attention. Your brain does this so you're not constantly thinking things like "what was that sound?" to your own heartbeat. When you're trying to be quiet there usually aren't other loud noises to drown out all the quiet noises. You're also paying attention to quiet sounds to make sure you're not making any noise, so your brain stops filtering out quiet background noises it might usually ignore otherwise.
Why does adding an 's' to 'http://' suddenly make it more secure?
Adding the 's' makes your browser connect to the server in a totally different way, verifying that they server is the one it says it is, and scrambling all information sent to or from the server.Adding the s makes the connection secure. You are telling your browser that this is how you want to connect to their server. Imagine you wanted to have a private conversation with your Spanish speaking friend in a room of Americans. HTTP is English, writing HTTPS is taking your friend to switch to Spanish so no one else can understand you.HTTP is transmitted plain text, readable by anyone sniffing the traffic. HTTPS is encrypted. By adding that 's' you're telling your browser to use HTTPS instead of HTTP, so all communication is encrypted and secured.
Why is harder to breathe when my whole body except my head is underwater?
When you breath, your lungs expand like a balloon in your chest. When your torso is submerged, there is a lot of water pressure pushing on your body , so it makes it much harder for the lungs to inflateThe pressure of the water makes it harder to breathe. You are in more pressure in the water than it free air.
Why Does String Cheese taste better when pulled apart, rather than when just biting into it?
Likely more surface area. Reminds me of Kramer from the meat slicer episode of Seinfeld. 'the flavour has nowhere to hide'", 'Because when you pull it apart it has a chance to warm up. Cheeses taste better "not cold". Try this next time you want a piece of string cheese: take it out of your fridge and put it in your pocket for a couple minutes before you eat it. Don't forget the string cheese in your pocket. **Do not forget the string cheese in your pocket**The way that food comes into contact with your tongue can slightly alter your perception of its flavor. Happens with just about any food, really.
Why do a majority of women have long hair, and men have short hair?
It used to be that men would cut their hair so it would not be a hindrance in battle, or while working jobs like blacksmithing . It became a cultural normCultural norms. No other reason. I would imagine it started with men working outside where long hair would make them hot and/or be dangerous around tools.Traditional, someone outdated gender roles direct women towards more ornamental grooming and fashion, so they can attract men, and direct men towards more utilitarian grooming and fashion that won't interfere with any dangerous or dirty work they might have to do.
Why do you still "see" a bright spot when you close your eyes after you have looked directly into the Sun or any other light source?
There are several contributing factors, but mostly it's the effects of photobleaching. Animals have several different types of receptor cells inside of their eyes. These all have different types of proteins sticking through their cell membranes which change shape if they get hit by the appropriate color photon. This makes them handle chemicals on the cell interior differently, which leads to stimulation of optic nerves and so forth. Anyways, once these proteins have been hit by light and change shape, they are "bleached" and must be reset. Most of these are probably reset by the same reaction that stimulates optic nerves. There is a limited amount of reactant inside the cell, and only one of many photo proteins need to be "on" to also activate the attached nerve fiber. Too much light for too long and the receptor cell can't reset those proteins as quickly as they get hit, and runs low on the chemicals it needs to do so. This results in a steady trickle of resets, which continually stimulate the nerve fiber.
Why are mercury compounds more dangerous than elemental mercury?
Many mercury compounds are more readily absorbed by the body. Even if you drink mercury metal, almost all of it will just pass through your digestive system. Inhaling elemental mercury vapor causes problems over time, though. On the other hand, dimethyl mercury will readily pass through even the skin into the blood, and will stay in the body causing damage for a long time. It is one of the most dangerous chemicals to handle that are known.
What is planet X, and is it real?
To add, the reasons for why there might be a Planet X aren't too different from the reasons we were fairly sure Pluto and it's moon Charon existed: an observation of odd behaviour of other planetary bodies . So, similar observations have lead to us knowing where to look for other planetary bodies, which means that there may in fact be a Planet X. We won't know for certain until we *see* it though.
If someone patents an "idea" which I later come up come up with, use, market, and sell that idea (with documentation) am I infringing? How? Why?
You can't really patent an "idea" - patents are for actual *inventions*. A proper patent application requires a detailed description of *how* the invention works. You couldn't walk in and patent the idea of a "flying machine" - you actually have to design & detail how an aeroplane works. A patent only covers things done in the ways that are detailed in the patent application - an aeroplane patent wouldn't really cover a helicopter or a rocket. The whole basis of the patent system is that it rewards inventors for telling everyone how their inventions work by giving them a temporary monopoly on the invention so that, in the future, society as a whole will benefit from their discoveries. Unfortunately, in recent years, there's been some funny business involving software patents & business models. Many people feel that this is an abuse of the system & should not be allowed.
Why does VLC work when DivX and QuickTime don't?
VLC has a large number of codecs built-in to the program itself. It doesn't rely on your operating system being set up correctly. So, when a codec is missing or misregistered, other players simply fail but VLC uses its own internal copy of the codec.
How does someone escape from child pornography charges?
If the police had a search warrant to go through his house and get his computers, then the most likely answer is that the search did not turn up enough evidence to satisfy the prosecutors that they would win at trial. Prosecutors really don't like to lose, so they generally don't take on a losing case unless there's a lot of public pressure for them to do so.
Why do you need to pee after sex?
Don't know for certain but I always assumed it was to clean out your urethra, all that thrusting probably jams bacteria up there you know? Can someone who actually knows a thing confirm?", 'Yes. It cleans out your urethra in case any bacteria got in thereAgree with the people who say it cleans out the urethra.
Why are taxi drivers so against Uber?
Because Uber is an incredibly threatening competitor and it's seriously cutting in on cab drivers' business. In general, Uber offers *far* cheaper rides in significantly nicer cars, with the benefit of an online platform that lets you pay, track nearby rides, and check driver reviews. For example, in my city, I can hail an Uber to show up at my house in 5-10 minutes and take me to the airport for $9, while riding in a newer model car driven by someone with a personable disposition. *Or* I can call a cab, wait half an hour, and pay $22 for the same ride in a 1994 crown vic that reeks of whatever my super-disagreeable driver had for lunch every day for 30 years. Now, keep in mind that the cab drivers started in this business *years* ago, and likely had to take out a massive loan to pay for their medallion and their car . A taxi medallion in a major city can very easily cost in the mid/high six-figures.
Why do power cord prongs have holes in them?
Two main reasons: the outlets themselves contain a mechanism that grasps the plug by the prong holes, making it harder to remove . Also, some manufacturers lockout their devices by putting plastic warning labels threaded through the prongs, in order to get your attention before you remove and use the device. _URL_0_
In Oman, why is using Skype against the law, the Facetime not?
The reason it's banned has less to do with encryption and more to with Oman trying to protect local telcos by forcing voice calls to at least go through registered channels. The concern is that VoIP would hurt telco profits. Oman does seem spotty in which VoIP they block and which they don't, I'm not sure if Apple went through hoops to get Facetime approved, or if it being an integrated feature made it different somehow for compliance.
Why things are louder when I wake up?
I'm just guessing here, but I like to think it's every animals instinct to be more sensitive to sound when being in a vulnerable state. We have this to sense possible danger or quickly perceive what's happening since we are suddenly analyzing are surroundings. Then again I'm just guessing. Some expert should give a better answer.
When we are hot and sweaty after a workout, we want to take a hot shower but want to drink cold liquids
Why would you want to take a hot shower after you work out? Just to be even more hot? I've never heard of that. I've always wanted to take cold showers to cool off.
What is happening when Sprayer bottles do that stupid thing where you squeeze the trigger and is just stays squeezed instead of releasing back into the squeezable position?
Its created a vacuum. As it pulled the liquid out of the bottle .the bottle became emptier but the spray bottle doesnt have any way to get air in to fill the void created by the missing liquid. If you loosen the cap a tiny bit might be enough to avoid that problem or put a tiny little hole in the bottom. Wont have that problem any more. But u might have a problem with spilling.
Why are some people stupid?
I personally believe that everyone has the same relative amount of mental capacity but somewhere in our lives we subconsciously decide what we're going to use it on and then do so for the rest of our lives. \r\rThe main reason I have this theory is because I'm always amazed at the kinds of things "stupid" people know, realize, or are aware of that completely escapes "smart" people. Some people give a lot of their mental prowess to simply maintaining what they believe is a proper method of living. They're referred to as stuck in their ways, and even though true, it is likely that few people in the world could detail the kinds of things they're "stuck" in. Others yet become fascinated with the stars and no matter how stressful, they determine themselves to learn all they can about the universe and are called nerds, and considered intellectual, yet things like the simplicity of picking up women or making friends escapes them. \r\rI try not to judge people because I have learned from experience that *everyone* has something they can teach me. The homeless man on the corner, and even former president George W. Bush have some knowledge that I don't. I was taught this very pointedly ten years ago when my autistic cousin showed me how to use something I was about to throw out because it seemed useless to me.
How does _URL_0_ sell their items at such a low price?
The catch is that you have to pay for each bid, whether or not you win the auction. If they get lots of people to bid, the fees add up to much more than the cost of the item, even if an individual person doesn't pay much.Because Beezid charges you money to buy bids unlike ebay where you can bid for free.There's been a ton if these web sites in the past 10 years, not many of them are still around. Seems like it's not a profitable operation.
How do smartphones and computers keep time when they're turned off?
*disclaimer, I did my A+ a long time ago and haven't worked much on PC hardware for about 10 years, but the answer is: There is a CMOS battery and it powers a clock time in the motherboard even when the power is off. *edit here is a link to an article discussing the reason for the CMOS battery. _URL_0_
If a camera lens is a circle, then why is the picture a rectangle?
The lens is a circle but bends light so that it hits a rectangular sensor or rectangular film in the desired way
why my nose gets runny when it's cold
A runny nose from the cold weather, or from any cause other than allergies, falls under the blanket medical term "vasomotor rhinitis." In the cold, a couple of different things are going on that lead to the runny nose. The nose is in charge of warming up air and adding moisture to it as it enters the body so that the airways and lungs don't dry out. It does this by releasing mucus. Mucus is mostly water, but it also contains some salts and proteins as well as some enzymes that help fight bacteria. Cold air presents two problems for the nose: it obviously isn't warm and it also usually does not carry as much moisture as warm air. So, the nose works extra hard to release more mucus to fill up the nasal cavity so that air flowing into the lungs is both warm and moist. It does such a good job of this that we end up getting runny noses. The second factor also deals with cold air not holding as much moisture as warm air. When we breathe out, the warm air from inside our bodies meets cold air at the entrance of our noses. As the warm air cools off as it meets the cool air, the moisture condenses and ends up leaving even more liquid at the entrances of our noses. This, combined with the extra mucus being made, makes our noses runny in the cold.
How does traffic work?
Even without signals that stop traffic, there's a limit to how many cars can safely get through a stretch of highway at a given time. There's on/off ramps that don't have unlimited capacity, that *do* have traffic signals at the end of them. Sometimes punks just dart out into a lane and force the motorist behind them to brake. For a variety of reasons, cars have to stop or slow way down on highways sometimes. Once that happens, the slow-down tends to propagate, because a group of cars don't stop and start simultaneously. If I'm behind you at a light, I don't start moving when you do: I start moving *after* you do. The guy behind me waits for me, and it goes on. So something can cause a car to nearly stop on the freeway, and even though that problem is long gone, the chain of cars having to stop for the one in front of them, and then wait to start again, continues down the freeway. This chain of slowing down only stops because motorists *should* be leaving enough room behind them so that if the car in front of them slows down, they have room to slow down a little less. Eventually the last person in the chain only has to slow down and re-accelerate a little, enough that the guy behind him doesn't need to at all.
How did toddlers get over ear infections before antibiotics?
Sad reality is, with any kind of infection, before antibiotics you'd probably just die, or in the case of your son, hopefully just lose hearing in that particular ear. It's as simple as that, really, which is why we experienced such a huge population growth since we came up with antibiotics.
Why is it safe to eat undercooked steak, but not undercooked chicken or fish?
the thing with steak is that it's one solid chunk of meat, and as long as you sear the outside you've killed off the harmful stuff. with chickens, there's much more processing, so higher risk of more bacteria. if the chicken was not exposed to bacteria you totally can eat it raw. same thing with fish. fish is probably the most commonly meat eaten raw.
What's the point of 'C' and 'K'?
Most languages are not intelligently designed, but naturally grew out from older languages over time. Standardized spelling and grammar is pretty new, and it's quite extreme to start abolishing entire letters just because you think it's neater. For English, there is no single authority on proper spelling and grammar, while some languages have a government body for that purpose. In short, letters don't have to have a purpose. I would say that it would make more sense to remove the letter C and use S and K instead, rather than abolishing K.Was thinking about Kelvin and Celsius when I read the title, was ready to give a short lecture :)Why do we have PH and F? Some languages pronounce C and K differently. Some don't use K at all. Since most words come from other languages, Greek, Latin, the spelling of that word was kept. Different pronunciation of C depends on the letter next to it, eg. you couldn't make a rule for pronouncing C as K in the word "kept" because "ce" is pronounced like "see".
What makes the differences between cells in the human body, even though they have the same DNA but have different functions?
The DNA is the blue print for making an entire functioning human. But just like blue prints for a massive building, each worker might only be working on a small part of the structure and so only used certain pages. Cells don't use ALL of the DNA ALL of the time to know how to work. They only use small parts of the total DNA. And they pick and choose which parts based on what type of cell they are and what their surroundings are like. So, a brain cell only used the brain cell parts because its protein/RNA/hormones/external signals tells it to be a brain cell. Meanwhile, a blood cell have very different origins and very different signals telling it what to do.
"It's in our nature to destroy ourselves."
That quote is based on a Freudian concept. According to Freud, we are driven, at our very core, by two instincts: the life instinct --the need to live, create, procreate, experience pleasure etc; and the death instinct --the need to come to rest, to destroy, and to return to the state whence we came from.It's in our nature to kill ourselves,It's in our nature to kill each other oh god why did that song come into my head :|
why can't we print/make more money to solve global problems?
Money is just an abstract representation of the overall "value" of the economy. Printing more money does not make the economy contain more "value" . Thus printing extra money just makes the money itself worth lessMoney represents value. If you just make more of it, an individual unit of money represents less value than it did before - you haven't solved anything. This is called inflation, and a certain, low, managed level of it is generally desirable, because if people's money slowly becomes worth less and less, that's an incentive for them to spend or invest it as opposed to sitting on it. But if you're "printing money to solve problems", that creates a problem of its own, namely, hyperinflation - any money people had before becomes worthlessIn really simple terms, the more of something there is, the less valuable it is, so the more money you print, the less valuable the rest of it is. In fact, a very similar problem bankrupted Germany after the war, and Zimbabwe. I have a 1 trillion dollar zimbabwe note, it is worth nothing, literally.Because the more of something there is available the less it's worth. This applies to money as well. It's like basic sixth grade economics. I don't mean to be insulting, it's just that the autobot on this sub would delete my answer if it was clear and concise. Also this question has been asked before.The more money in circulation, the lower the value becomes. If I own a company that the government is going to give tons of newly-printed money to, I'm going to say, "Uh, no, you're not pulling a fast one on me. The price is going up."', "[This is a very commonly asked question], so it has been removed. It's fine to re-post questions, but please indicate that you did a search and that previous questions/answers didn't help you understand.
What is that "light" left in our vision after something like a camera flash?
Your eyes got a bit over-stimulated and it takes time to adjust the eyes back. If you go out and it's quite bright your pupils get smaller so that less light gets in, and vice versa. The idea is to try and get the best amount of light through to the actual sensors in the back.Light causes chemical changes on the retina in the light sensitive cells. When the light goes away, the changes are still there for a few moments and those chemicals continue to send signals to the brain. Your pupils dilate relatively quickly in comparison.
What exactly are stomach bugs / viruses and how do they spread?
Stomach flu or stomach bugs are neither flu nor bugs. But, the typical symptoms you get - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc - are caused by a viral infection. Sometimes, it can be bacterial, but those are typically less communicable between people. So, let's stick with viruses. There are a wide array of viruses that can cause these symptoms. A classic on is a group called Noroviruses. These often cause outbreaks on cruise ships and schools or other places where people are in close contact. There are others, of course. I hate to tell you this, but these viruses are transmuted via the "fecal-oral" route. Meaning that a person who is sick will shed virus in their feces. They can get small particles of this on their hands, which can then be transmitted to you by them touching you, your food, or other things that you touch. You then transfer this to your mouth and the virus infects you. This is why it is SO important to thoroughly wash your hands often, avoid touching your mouth and face, etc. You should also note that most of these viruses are not killed by hand sanitizer .
Why do women generally prefer warmer temperatures?
They have smaller bodies, smaller mass. When you are just skin and bones it is hard to stay warm.Women, on average, are smaller and less 'dense' than men, meaning they produce less heat within their bodies. They also lose that heat from their bodies at a quicker relative rate .
Why some applications in Google Play have a high rating ( > 4.0), despite being either a horrible app in general, a scam, or clickbait?
Averages are easy to manipulate, especially given who tends to leave ratings. If my company makes a clickbait app; and has 20 people working for it, it's going to take 5 0-star revies to lower the rating to 4 . If each of us makes 5 accounts to upvote our app; it will take 25 0-star reviews. Which is why it is very wise to read a variety of reviews, and not just look at the average rating.
Why do a lot of Jewish last names have words like silver or gold or stein in them?
According to the Christian bible, usury is a sin. Being a banker was seen as being dirty. Jews had no such qualms and became successful money lenders, working in the finance and jewelry industries. Silver and gold and stein became part of their name, as many professions did These are Ashkenazi Jews, who lived in central and eastern Europe, especially the area we now call Germany . When surnames became common, they took -- or were forced to take, when Napoleon made it compulsory -- surnames from the German or Yiddish languages . For example, the name Mendelssohn is made of the common Jewish name Mendel plus the German "Sohn", and means "Son of Mendel". Some notable German Jews had very obviously Jewish surnames , but most had very normal-sounding German surnames . Occasionally, when Jews were forced to adopt surnames against their wills, the authorities gave them names that were faintly insulting, often in an ironic way, which may account for why you notice "Gold" and "Silver" or "Silber" a lot. For example, "Goldwasser" translates as "golden water", by which is meant urine. Mostly, though, they just happen to be German names. It's important to realise that not all Jews have German names, and not all people with German names are Jews_URL_0_ TL;DR Most Eastern European Jews didn't use family names until they were forced to do so around the late 18th century. When they had to make up a new last name for themselves, many ended up going with something related to their profession or the place where they lived. "Stein" means stone in German, so a lot of Jewish jewelers used it in their new names.
How does a movie that is seemingly destined to be awful and fail (e.g. Dumb and Dumber To or Horrible Bosses 2) still get massive budgets and make it to theaters?
Being awful =/= to being unprofitable. Huge movies like that are almost always money makers and studios, directors, actors, theaters, and investors all like to make money.Dumb and Dumber To has already more than paid for it's budget. So it didn't fail in the eyes of the investors. Whether you found it funny or not isn't their concern.Movies get green lit on their probability of making money. Being a "good" or "bad " movie is incidental. It's also only obvious that a movie is going to be bad after you 've made it. If you can determine with accuracy whether or not a movie will be a hit by looking at the script, congratulations, you can be successful movie executive.Horrible Bosses was a critical and box office success so I'm not sure how you can possibly conclude that the sequel is destined for failure.unfunny to you. Not unfunny to all 300 million people in America. Not to mention the international audience
how scientists know what wavelengths are visible to different species?
Two basic methods. 1. They can directly measure whether the retinal cells respond to different signals.2. They can associate lights in different colors with the presence of food , and see if the animal gets the signal or not.
why does alcohol burn small cuts
Normally your skin protects you from corrosive substances like alcohol, but when you have a cut, obviously that defense is gone. Alcohol kills cells, your body doesn't like that, so it sends a type of pain signal to your brain, which your brain interprets as an unpleasant burning sensation.
Why does the Heinz ketchup packets from McDonalds and In N Out taste so much more different than that of bottle you would buy at a supermarket?
Don't know for sure, but it's probable that in order to make the product sterile the manufacturers might have to give the different packaging format different thermal processing or subtly different acidity. Also, it may be that the packaging subtly changes the product taste profile as opposed to the glass or PET plastic containers - oxygen permeability is a major headache in ambient stable foods. It might also be they have a different, cheaper recipe for these tiny foil packs as they're distributed and sold differently and probably make Heinz very little money.
How do hip-hop or dance producers sample only the bassline or only the percussion from an existing record?
I used to do this for fun, it's not as difficult as one would think once you know what you're doing. Vocals are usually mixed as a center channel while the instruments are usually mixed as stereo . With a little bit of work, you can extract the information that's the same in each channel and get the vocals out. Once you have just instrumentals, it's just a matter of finding the samples you want. Whether you pull it out of the intro, a solo, or just between other instruments, you can "sample" small parts of music, like a single drum beat or guitar strum. You 'd be surprised how many "clean" samples are in any given song. If something you don't want is in there , you can use filters to cut out everything over a certain frequency. You can effectively eliminate the cymbals, or piano, or sax, or whatever else is on there, and just keep the percussion .I think /u/MyNameIsRay has the best answer, but I wanted to add that sample tracks are commercially available on most popular songs. I play around with them sometimes when I'm doing solo shows instead of playing with a full band. [_URL_1_] allows you to create custom backing tracks with whichever parts you want for a couple of bucks. This comes in handy when I'm asked to sing a song I can't play on a piano or guitar.
Why do we actually laugh? What IS funny?
IT ALLOWS FOR THE STOMACH TO BE STRETCHED TO ENSURE MAXIMUM CAPACITY UPON FEASTING TIME. NEVER TRUST SOMEONE WITH A DEEP LAUGHIt is a signal to others that the thing is being enjoyed by the person laughing.
What keeps your veins in place?
There are various connective tissues around the veins. The tissue is an elastic fibrous type, which allows your veins to bend and move around with motion, but also keeps them anchored in place so that they don't just flop around under your skin. Specifically, the tissue is called 'fascia'.
Why do cats not get sick from licking their ass all day long?
Cat saliva has antiseptic properties. Even their asses are no match. This does not mean that anything they find in their asses won't harm them. They're prepared for most things they would find in there.Mine did. He managed to lick a hole in his ass that went through to the inside of his body, "communicating with his anal gland." I 've spent about $700 on his ass licking in the past month. So some do get sick, but not in the way you're probably thinking of.In general, Feces isn't all that bad, especially your own. Your body is already familiar with most of the bacteria that pass through your body. Actually getting sick from your own poop is extremely unlikely. Getting sick from someone else's poop is somewhat more likely, but still not common. It's also a good source of nutrients, there's a lot of stuff in there that the digestive system didn't absorb the first time through, and it's all already broken down for easy absorption the second time. Nevertheless, it smells bad, *does* occasionally spread disease, and is easy to not do, so humans don't do it. Cats do it, and don't experience enough negative symptoms to get them to stop.
What have we discovered aboard the International Space Station and why should we care?
There are people claiming the ISS hasn't been worth cost given its returns, but I'd argue that's certainly not true. The ISS is a very long-term project and even decades isn't how long it, and similar venture, will take to bear the real fruit The biggest benefit the ISS has had is given real experience in keeping people alive in space and 0G conditions, as well as how to run a complete livable environment as well. The best ways to keep things in repair and keep the people healthy and all that. Without such understanding humans will never be able to establish colonies on other celestial bodies. I'd argue it's short-sighted to expect returns in a measly 20 years from such a project. This is the sort of thing you just have to accept you're doing for your children and maybe even their children. Maybe you don't really care about the long-term survivability of the human race. Maybe you don't care about what will happen in 500 years. But if you do then the ISS is the vanguard of our colonization of the Moon, of Mars and interplanetary space.
Why do people say that they want to have deep conversations but it turns out they don't?
Nine times out of ten they're probably hoping one specific person will message them as a result of their post and aren't really interested in talking to anyone else.
EnergyStar Compliance, is it really a representation of a "green/energy friendly" product? Why should I take a product being EnergyStar Compliance into consideration when I am buying equipment?
You would consider it if: you wanted to keep your electric bill lower, if you wanted to help reduce greenhouse gas production, you wanted to ensure the power draw for a building or room remained below a threshold. An energy star model might have simpler installation too as it might have less waste heat or different exhaust needs. The cost to operate a device might be 60 dollars per year for an ES model and 150 dollars per year for a non-ES model.EnergyStar is ideally a measure of energy efficiency. It's been criticized in the past because the label on the product that identifies yearly operating cost may not be useful to a normal consumer . There has been a recent push from the government to tighten the standards of EnergyStar not too sure what the proposition/plan is though.
How do radioactive elements and compounds reset their half life? Do they always just decay until they are gone forever?
Depending on the substance in question, you might not. All natural elements as we know them come from three sources: stellar nucleosynthesis, supernova nucleosynthesisand big bang nucleosynthesis. Stars fuse elements upto iron, and then upto nickel when they explode -- but generally, everything above that was already around by the time 'recent' astrological history occurs [see: everything after several seconds after the big bang, I believe; only small amounts are predicted to be produced in supernovas and I'm not entirely sure how high the counts go; substances like uranium are not predicted to be produced in stars]. However, various substances decay into other substances, so there is some replenishment, but not at the top tiers of the periodic table, as far as we are aware.
Why is it so hard to get comfortable and fall asleep at night, and then so difficult to get up in the morning?
Your body and mind need time to slow down, just as a car can't go from 60 mph to an immediate halt. Take time in the evening to establish a wind-down routine in preparation for sleep. This can include some quiet time, perhaps a shower. Anything in anticipation of the coming night's rest. Also, a well-worked body is more prepared to sleep at night. This means get plenty of regular exercise , drink water, and eat well. Avoid caffeine, especially after 2pm. Never hit the snooze button, or you're sure to screw up your sleep cycle. Establishing a routine is important. You're helping condition your body to sleep when you ask it to.I typed a whole bunch then deleted it but dopamine and the paralytic your body releases as you sleep to keep you from acting out your dream probably have something to do with itI know the feeling well, same thing every night
Why do some nuts, like cashews, contain so many calories?
Nuts, like most seeds, exist to provide fuel for a new plant to grow. They're completely packed full of energy. While seeds like wheat are made up of carbohydrates, nuts are packed full of fats. Fats are much more energy dense than carbs so nuts are a high calorie source of food - that's why you routinely see them in things like trail mixes.
Where did the "S" rating originate and why is it better than "A+"?
It originates in Japan, the land of all the crazy things. Because it's known that if you get less than a C you have failed there would only be 3 grades you could get if you finished a level , S class was introduce something difficult to give people a sense of achievement and something to work towards getting. Then came the SS and SSS ranks to create even more grades to get because more letters clearly means it's better.To expand on the description of the origin, in the Japanese educational system, the grade S stands for "shuu" , which is the Japanese word for "excellent". It appears to have been invented to replace A+ and above.Japanese video games. When they introduced scoring systems for levels, they stopped at A because the developers didn't expect anyone to do any better than that. But of course players exceeded all expectations and demanded a higher rating. A means you didn't do anything wrong, as such, in clearing the level. It would seem unfair if you did a perfectly good play through with no major mistakes and were graded a B, even though your run was as good as can be normally expected. But the hardcore players demanded a rating for players who go above and beyond, so S was created, then later SS and SSS and such. I don't think it's universally agreed what it stands for--some say super--but everyone just uses it these days. Edit: A reply has pointed out that some Japanese universities also use S above A, but I did a bit more digging and couldn't find anything about which came first.
How much of the price of gold is perceived value (as an alternate currency) vs it's value as an industrial metal? Are other "precious" metals similarly valued?
Can't find my source now but ~10% of gold is used for industrial use the rest is in jewellery and financial use(~40% jewellery 60% financial. So A huge chunk of it's value is as you call it perceived.
Why do some countries wash their eggs and some don't?
The US washes eggs due to the belief that the coatings and dirt on eggs carry disease Everywhere else does not wash eggs because they like to leave the egg's natural coating which keeps any bacteria outside the shell Unwashed eggs can be kept at room temperature, washed eggs must be refrigerated People in places where eggs aren't washed do often wash their eggs immediately before use
The end of Fight Club
You are right op, Tyler could not be tricked. By saying "my eyes are open" the Narrator is indicating that he now fully understands that what happens to him will happen to Tyler. So he kills himself, thus killing Tyler. Of course he doesn't die - but that's not for lack of trying. If you go frame by frame you can actually see the bullet exit his face - I think it ricocheted off his jaw. The Narrator did not expect that to happen - he really believed that he was going to die. His survival was not some clever plan, it was dumb luck. In the instant when he pulled the trigger the Narrator really believed that he had killed Tyler by killing himself. Because Tyler was a figment of his imagination, *genuinely believing* that he had killed Tyler had the *actual* effect of killing him. By shooting himself in the mouth he believed that he was going to blow the back of his head off, which is why this happened to Tyler. The bit about the smell was just something cool for Tyler to say, I think. @aragorn18 - your explanation *could* be right, but I just don't think that it works as well. For a start the Narrator is clearly trying to kill himself as he shoots himself in the mouth - he doesn't hold the gun out to one side and shoot though his cheek. Secondly there's the bit about Tyler knowing what he knows - why would giving himself a flesh wound kill Tyler? I don't buy the explanation that this is a metaphorical killing. He had wanted Tyler dead for a while - why would giving himself a flesh wound suddenly achieve this? And finally from a thematic and narrative perspective, being willing to die to save Marla from Tyler and prevent Tyler's apocalyptic vision from being fulfilled is much cooler than fixing everything by giving himself a flesh wound. Bonus trivia - Chuck Palahniuk apparently likes the ending of the movie better than the ending of the book.
why as different races live in the same society will aren't starting to become more physically similar?
Mexicans, whites, blacks, asians in America tend to have different social norms which keeps them from being interchangeable as relationship material. You need some common ground for political views, world views, economic status to relate on that level. So to answer your question, the melting pot isn't so hot as you would think. Many groups try not to melt and remain distinct in some way. These barriers would need to dissolve first before you can expect significant mixup of the gene pool. To some extent it's happened and you just don't notice it. American white people is a combination of many nationalities that are mixing fairly freely.
How would the suicide net planned to be implemented on the Golden Gate Bridge and other similar structures work?
A very large majority of people who jump off of structures like the Golden Gate Bridge and survive say that they immediately regretted taking the jump, and if they were to land in the net it would be unlikely that they were to try again. However, if you block off the sides of the bridge, someone's just going to find something else. On the other hand, since most suicides are impulsive, the idea of netting on the sides may work, at least until word of the netting gets around and people no longer consider the bridge a suicide option. Of course, the same risk occurs with the safety net. It's just a battle over what is the best option when both have their flaws. Source: suicide survivor, and _URL_0_", 'I guess it would be nice in the case that maybe someone jumps and then realizes while falling that they don’t want to die. Just a sort of second chance opportunity to reconsider.It's meant to make it more inconvenient, not impossible. According to [this article] these nets don't significantly reduce suicides, they just make people choose a different place, so the whole thing doesn't seem quite thought out.The first part is, it would catch the jumper, this has proven effective in the past, even on the Golden Gate Bridge when it was being built, as a safety net. Not knowing the plans for the suicide net I cannot answer how it works, but I suspect it is being designed to catch the person in such a way that they can be gotten to before being able to get out of the net, either through entanglement or being difficult to climb.
Why is it easier to be angry and upset than to be happy and polite when you’re tired?
The short simplified answer is that politeness and such things require more energy and computing power to generate than just being aggressive and defensive, which are more basic instincts. So when you're tired less energy is devoted to keeping up pretenses, so to speak.
What is the point of bail?
> but if thsy were kept in jail wouldn't that havw better chances of stopping them from escaping? Sure, but the point of bail is that you pay some sum in order to leave jail, and are incentivized to return at the appropriate time in order to receive those funds back. If you do not, you forfeit the money. If you are considered a significant risk of flight, they might raise or deny bail altogether.
What's the difference between a car with a "2016 plate" and another with a 2015 plate?
People like new things. In 5 years that 2015 car will be 6 years old. The 2016 will be 5 years old. Why would you buy the 2015 if they were the same price? Obviously you'd get a 2016.
How can a single radio frequency carry two audio signals (for stereo left and right)?
A radio station is not 1 signal, it's 3. Since you are even asking the question, I assume you have a notion of the concept of frequency. Now, let us say that you have a radio station around 100MHz. What you will do is transmit a strong signal on the 100MHz wavelength. Not an audio signal, just a strong signal. Don't forget that your audio signal stretches over a window of frequency, so this signal is intended to be stronger than your audio, so that the receiver can find it over all the audio data. Then you have two side bands that are shifted a given distance in frequency on either side of your carrier. Your receiver knows where they are because it knows where the carrier was. One side is then a mono signal. The other is the left signal which can then be subtracted from the mono signal to form the right signal. So you have a total of 3 signals: Carrier in the middle, mono a bit above it, stereo a bit below it.There are many frequencies involved. When radio frequencies are modulated, side bands are created. For frequency modulation, the frequency and amplitude of the sidebands depend on the frequency and amplitude of the modulating signal. FM changes the carrier frequency with changes in the audio. AM changes the carrier amplitude with changes in the audio. FM broadcasting uses a 38 kilohertz AM subcarrier modulated by Left minus Right to carry stereo information. The subcarrier is mixed with the mono audio before they are FM modulated. The demodulator has two outputs and . Their sum gives Left, and their difference gives Right.
How does your body figure out when it's full?
Your brain receives many different types of signals that tell you you're full including nutrient concentrations, glucose levels, external signals , and physical signals from your digestive tract telling you that it's full of food. These same signals go into hunger.
What do the laws recently passed in Montana, Texas, Utah, and Oklahoma about being Sovereign States free from the government actually mean?
What laws? I'm not seeing any evidence of laws passed in those states that made them Sovereign States free from the government. There have been a few attempts by states to pass laws saying "You know Federal Government, we're still in charge!" but those laws aren't really binding in any shape or form. The real issue is that these states are totally willing to complain about federal government intervention, but still want all the benefits of a federal government, like military protection.
Broadband Pricing Tiers — Business vs. Home
One reason that business is more than home is because it usually comes with higher uptime guarantees, different technical support and issue response times, and less restrictions In regards to the difference between 8x1 and 10x2 you're not just paying for increased download speed, you're also getting double the upload speed. If you're running a service at your office that people need to pull data from the increase upload speed can help. However I find it absurd that 10x2 would be 3.3 times as expensive as 8x1 for similar plans. I'm assuming the 10x2 includes something else thrown in there, either a higher tier of service, better SLA or similar.
If some humans have Neanderthal DNA while others don't, does that mean some humans are at least somewhat of a different species than others.
The definition of species is indeed somewhat loose but most agree on the basic that successfully interbreeding and having fertile offspring means that you are part of the the same species. This is why many people now think that Neanderthals should be considered a different subspecies of humans not a different species altogether. It is similar to wolves and dogs which can interbreed and are the same species but still obviously different enough to tell them apartHomo sapiens neandethalensis is a sub-species of homo sapien sapien . Both are homo sapien because they are very close cousins, close enough that they could breed and make successful offspring together. The definition of a separate species is that it must be another group of organisms that cannot mate with the main group to produce viable offspring. So by definition neandetals were not a different species.No. The definition of a species is whether or not members can interbreed. All humans can interbreed as a species. We're all one breed much less not the same species.
What would happen if 9/11 is revealed to be a conspiracy?
It was a conspiracy. Do you mean "a conspiracy within the United States government"? It would depend on who the conspirators were. If it was a rogue cell of CIA agents, they 'd be prosecuted, various hearings would be held to determine how such a thing was possible, and there would be many early retirements and suicides followed by some stringent new laws passed that papered over the processes involved. If the conspirators were senior members of the government things become much more complex. That conspiracy would require a very large network of subordinates in addition to an extraordinary web of people who would have learned the truth later and kept the secret. There would almost certainly be Congressional action and trials. Depending on how big the conspiracy was and how complex it was the result could be massive changes in the US form of government. But it wasn't a US government conspiracy. It was al-Qaida.
Why do your hands stop working when you laugh?
There's a reflex pathway, the H-reflex that causes muscles to contract. It is a deep tendon reflex measured as the "finger flexor reflex" Massage, tapping and other pressure of the muscle decrease the reflex. Boisterous laughter can make it subside almost completely. Have you ever completely collapsed in laughter? It's reflex. Or, more specifically, the easing of one particular reflex pathway. As far as "why", as with any speculation in "evolutionary biology" whoreally knows why. Bonding behavior took over a lot of our functions at some point, and laughing is a big part. Interesting factoid: The H-reflex test was the first scientific test performed on the ISS because the reflex is greatly diminished in near-zero-g edit: [here's] a great New York Times article all about how we know about the connection.
What happened in Enron.
Courtesy of BBC News: "Enron lied about its profits and stands accused of a range of shady dealings, including concealing debts so they didn't show up in the company's accounts. As the depth of the deception unfolded, investors and creditors retreated, forcing the firm into Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December. More than six months after a criminal inquiry was announced, the guilty parties have still not been brought to justice." _URL_0_
How do doctors get away with grossly overbilling insurance companies compared to cash customers?
Medicaid and many insurances generally only give 1/3 of the asking price if they pay at all. This has forced doctors to inflate their prices just to get enough to cover their own expenses.Insurance company worker here. Billed charge to the insurance company at 3 times what they actually want is nothing unusual. They could bill a trillion dollars if they want, but they're only going to get paid the $2000 the insurance company allows, and they'll need to write off the rest (assuming they have a contract with the insurance company. Billing numbers that have no relation to reality is standard. If they billed $2000 the insurance company would try to talk them down to $1800 the next time the contract is renegotiated.
Why does your skin feel really sensitive when you have a fever?
Fever causes inflammation, which is what causes the tenderness. Fever is your body's "RED ALERT" system designed to sort of burn up the harmful bacteria/virus. Low grade fevers are a great way to heal but anything over 101 F can start to get dangerous. Mostly because your body is using more water. Dehydration is the number one complication with fever. Dehydration is also a contributing factor to the inflammation and soreness of muscles and skin. Drink more water and soak in tepid bath. Your body absorbs water through your skin as well. Hope you feel better.
Why did the Romans put olive oil on their bodies after bathing?
Normally it was done before bathing, not after. They would rub on oil then remove dirt with a small hook. They would then rinse the oil off, then they would soak in the baths.
What qualifies as a religion under the freedom of religion protection laws?
It has less to do with how old/established the religion itself is, but whether the religious practices infringe on someone else's rights. For instance, there have been a number of cases where parents opted to deny their children medical treatment and instead go for Christian faith healing, then were arrested for child abuse as a result.> to do anything against scientology because of freedom of religion laws. It is hard to answer your question because I do not know what you mean by "do anything". You bring up vaccinations, but there are no laws requiring someone to vaccinate their kids. People can just choose not to vaccinate their kids they do not need freedom of religion to do that.I can't speak for any other countries obviously, but in the US, the government makes absolutely no attempt to define what is and isn't a religion. Instead, it sets rules that apply to all religions equally. These include requirements for tax exempt status and reasonable accommodations for employers. This issue comes up much more frequently in the business realm, as employees and employers argue over what is and isn't a religion. The Supreme Court has stated that courts will not weigh in on that matter, and will only seek to find reasonable accommodations for whatever religion an employee claims to follow.
if there are 30 people in a room all making the same noise at 10 decibels what would be the level of noise produced
Decibels are logarithmic - for every 10 dB you go up, you multiply the volume by 10 - going up 20 dB multiplies the volume by 10 twice, or a hundred times the original. So we can see immediately that since you're multiplying the level of sound by 30, which is between 10 and 100, our volume increase must be between 10 and 20 dB. I'll assume all 30 people are concentrated together so we're not accounting for things like different distances to the crowd. In that case, the increase in volume is log10 = about 1.47 Bel. Then to convert to decibels , multiply by 10, so our volume increase is 14.7 dB, for a final volume of 24.7 dB.
Why are fleas the size of a speck of ground pepper but they can jump so high?
Part of the answer is the relationship between size and mass. If an animal is half the size, it's one-eighth the weight - so the smaller an animal is, the stronger it is in relationship to their weight. This allows very small animals to perform relatively amazing feats of strength. Additionally, fleas have a special adaptation for jumping - rather than flexing their muscles to leap into the air, they repeatedly flex their leg muscles to put tension on a "spring" made of elastic protein. Then they release that tension all at once to jump.
Why do many people see policing and military as necessary things to support with their tax dollars, but see a more subsidized healthcare system as a form of communism?
Because everyone needs the police and the military. The rich and the upper middle class dont need subsidized health care and dont want to help fund it.
Why is it that I find my reflection somewhat attractive but dislike how I look in most photographs/videos?
Your face is mirrored. You are accustomed to looking at your face in the mirror and have grown to like that look on the account of you seeing it every day when you look into anything reflective. But as soon as you look at your face in a photograph your brain notices that something is wrong and you don't like it as much. You like your face mirrored; you don't like it as much when you suddenly see it right way around.
If Amphetamine is a relatively cheap and non-difficult drug to produce, why does the Adderall brand cost so much?
A for-profit industry that can set it's price for brand-name medications at any value they feel the market will bear.
I thought Ebola was totally incurable?
The fact that we do not have a cure for a disease/condition does not mean that the disease itself cannot be overcome. There's no cure for cancer, for example, but people manage to defeat cancer fairly frequently.
Why are pennies still made when it cost more than 1.8 cents to make one?
The purpose of making a physical currency is not for profit, but to maintain a medium of exchange which will make the economy liquid. The price of each currency unit to produce isn't particularly relevant.
What exactly is a beer belly and how does alcohol cause it?
Beer, while being an often time refreshing adult beverage, contains an alarmingly high amount of calories and carbohydrates. Beer, on average, has around 13g of carbs. The same roughly as a slice of white bread. A beer , a can lets say, can have 154 calories. That's about 2 slices of white bread. If someone who is prone to drinking, say, drinks a 6 pack a night, or over the course of a day, they are essentially eating a loaf of white bread every day. But with out the solids of bread, its a lot easier to not feel as full after drinking 6 beers, as opposed to eating 12 slices of white bread. Add on to the fact that those with a beer belly may have 'regular' diets that contain fatty and unhealthy foods, beer is just another shovel of carbs and calories aiding to the formation of a beer-belly
the bleeding virgin Mary and the milk drinking Ganesha statue "miracles" from a scientific perspective.
Not familiar with the bleeding virgin Mary; however, the Ganesha drinking milk works basically through capillary action. Basically that means that the surface tension and adhesion combine to lift the liquid. You can test this yourself next time you go to drink with a straw. Don't bother capping off an end, but dip it in your drink and take it out. You'll notice that most of it drops out but there is a drop or so left in the bottom of the straw. If the straw was thinner there would be more liquid there. With this in mind, the mouth of Ganesha, or maybe even just the porous nature of the material used to construct it, has a ton of little capillaries that can suck out the milk from the spoon.
If space is a vaccum how does heat travel through it?
Heat is a measurement of how quickly molecules are moving. Hot things have quickly moving molecules, while cold things have slow ones. Since a vacuum is empty , technically heat can't travel through space. Heat is a type of energy. Energy can be transmitted through space in the form of electromagnetic radiation, or photons. Photons are light particles that have energy but no mass. They travel through space, and when they hit something, they could be absorbed and transfer their energy to that thing. For example, the light from the sun travels through space, gets absorbed by things on earth, and transfer their energy. The things that absorb that energy start to warm up .
What exactly is inflammation and why does it contribute so heavily to our demise?
It's actually an immune response. When your cells are damaged, they need your immune system to come in and clear them out. The damaged cells release a chemical that expands the nearby blood vessels to allow your white blood cells better access to do their job. The expanding blood vessels is the inflammation. So the response itself isn't necessarily bad. However, if it occurs in a confined space of your body , it can apply pressure to normal, healthy cells and inadvertently deprive them of oxygen and cause them to starve to death.
Do other animals see in different frames per seconds than humans?
Surprisingly, the answer is yes. Sort of. The phrase you're looking for is "temporal resolution". /u/Kitworks explains that unlike cameras, animals have no "set frame rate per se", and that's strictly true. However, what is true is that while you can watch a vintage black-and-white movie at 16 frames per second and perceive it as motion, a pigeon would perceive the more modern 24 frames per second of a movie on film as a series of still images -- their vision has a much finer temporal resolution.
What did Barcelona FCB just win? Does that team play in multiple leagues throughout the year? If so, are these the same players?
Barcelona just won the Champions League . In soccer, each country will have its own league - Barcelona plays in La Liga, which is Spain's national league. However, the top teams in each national league from the previous season will also qualify for a continental league, which runs over the course of the year alongside the national leagues. You can kind of think about it like NCAA basketball, where there are conference champions and then the national tournament , except the national tournament would be held at the same time as conference play. Better conferences have more teams qualify for the tournament than others, as well. In Europe, the top continental league is the Champions League, and the winner is considered the best team in Europe. . There are also smaller national tournaments that run over the course of the year that those teams will also compete in. And yes, the same players can play in all leagues, but depending on the importance of the particular game, they may choose to rotate out certain players to not overwork them.
Why do light things bounce, while heavier don't?
Heavier things can bounce. A decent counter example to your proposal would be to compare a rubber ball to a crumpled up ball of paper of relatively the same size/volume. The former, while heavier, will bounce quite high; whereas the crumpled up ball of paper won't. The difference is how the energy of the system is dissipated/returned. In the former , energy is returned to the ball in an elastic deformation and largely conserved back to kinetic energy . The latter , the paper will deform plastically and not return the energy back to kinetic energy. It will instead largely dissipate as heat due to the bending of the material.
Will a tattoo remain after a cut or gash on the tattooed skin heals?
Depends how deep the gash is. Tattoos sit really deep in the skin. If the cut reaches that layer, then yes, it can damage the tattoo. If it's just a superficial cut that doesn't go deeper than the epidermis the tattoo should still look the same.From personal experience, I can tell you that if you get road rash, no the tattoo will not look the same after healingAbout 6 months after getting mine. I got a really bad pimple on the tatoo that scratched really bad. My tattoo was fine after. But I remember thinking that I ruined it while it was healing.
Why Hasn't the U.S. Signed the Convention on the Rights of the Child?
Because in the US, people under 18 can get life sentences in prison, which the Convention would prohibit.There's no appetite in the US on either side of the political spectrum to enter into any treaty that cedes sovereignty to the UN. Ratification requires a majority vote in the Senate, which would require a supermajority to overcome a filibuster. No UN treaty is likely to overcome the filibuster threat in the current political climate, and it's doubtful if any could even muster a simple majority.
Do internet bandwidths really make a difference to ISP's?
The ISP's would much rather simply allow everyone to use all the bandwidth they want. Usage caps and tiered plans are extremely unpopular, and are generally employed when you don't have the capital required to upgrade the whole system, so you're simply trying to make a deterrent to the highest users. I planned a couple upgrades for a cable company. It's hugely expensive; one head-end might serve 50,000 customers. Replacing the CMTS's and edge routers was about $1.5 million, just for the boxes, never mind support, power, and staff to manage them. And if you time a replacement badly, build it before there's demand, you burn up your cash reserve very quickly. I got the hell out of the business because it's the more commoditized race to the bottom around.
Why is Latin not widely used anymore if many languages used today derive from it?
It's not widely used anymore precisely *because* Latin-speaking people branched into separate, new languages instead. It's a bit like asking why your great-grandparents are dead, if they have so many descendants. There's nothing unusual about that, if you think about it--and really, the more generations you get away from your great-grandparents, the less likely they are to be alive.
Sonic employees, how can you advertise hand mixed shakes yet tell people the machine is broke when they ask for a shake?
I think you're being a little to literal with the term. It just means that it doesn't go into a shake machine like at Wendy's, McDonalds or BK.
Saliva, and how the body makes so damn much of it.
Saliva has enzymes that are really useful. salivary amylase is an enzyme that starts the digestion of sugars. Lysozyme is an antibacterial enzyme that helps keep bacteria in our mouths from making us sick or making our teeth rot. Lastly, saliva helps keeps mucus membranes in our mouths and digestive tracts lubricated to help food go down smoothly.
Why we prefer the flavor of unhealthy food? Why didn't we evolve to prefer good that makes us healthier/feel better?
It we take, for example, just sugar: it's a very useful way to get energy very quickly. But in the natural world, sugar is very hard to come by, and refined sugar simply doesn't exist. It's only since we've been refining sugar on an industrial scale and putting it into absolutely everything that it has become a health issue -- in evolutionary terms, no time at all.Fat and sugar are fast energy, which is much more important in a survival situationWe did evolve to prefer foods that are good and make us healthier and feel better. That is sugar and fat. The thing to remember is that virtually all of humanity was very close to starvation all of the time till roughly the 1800s. Now we simply have easy access to them and tend to overindulge.
Why can't a PS4 title be played in PC even though its designed & created in a PC ?
Creating a game *using* a PC isn't the same as creating a game *for* a PC. Its technically possible to use a PC to make a ps4 game without ever having a version that will actually run on a PC. The way it works is you have a ps4 devkit, which is a special ps4 for developers. That connects to a PC and allows the PC to upload the game to it and connect debugging tools. So all the development work is done on the PC, but it's tested on a ps4. However most developers do have a PC version of some form. Doing that means some developers can work on the game without a devkit. But that doesn't mean that PC version is necessarily fit to release to the public. It may be missing features that PC games are expected to have, it may have debug functionality you don't want consumers to have access to, it might not work well on a range of PC hardware and so on. It takes extra work to turn that into a viable product.A computer program consists of a bunch of instructions for the computer. Many of those instructions refer to sequences of instructions defined by the OS manufacturer- these collections of common instructions are referred to as "libraries". So an operating system might define a "draw triangle" sequence and a game developer would just refer to that sequence of instructions instead of re-writing how to draw a triangle from scratch. A Playstation 4 program will refer to the set of instructions that Sony bundles with the PS4. That is different than the set of instructions that Microsoft bundles with Windows. You can write a program that knows all of Sony's bundled instructions- that would be an emulator- but Windows out of the box doesn't know them. When writing the game, the developers use tools given to them by Sony that include descriptions of all of the PS4's libraries and how to refer to its sequences. They can use these to build programs for the PS4.