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Why do the Scottish want independence?
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In addition, I would point out that it's not the Scottish people themselves pushing for independence, but the ruling SNP party - Nearly all public surveys on the subject show the Scottish people are generally in favour of the union: source: _URL_0_
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Why haven't avocados been bred to have tiny pits?
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You can't just "breed" things arbitrarily to have whatver quality you want. You have to find one that naturally mutated that feature, then breed that plant. For example, no one bred seeds out of grapes. They found a grape vine that mutated to grow no seeds, then they grafted that vine over and over until seedless grapes were widespread. To get avocados with tiny pits, you 'd have to find a plant that grows tiny pits, then breed that plant. Until we find that plant, we can't breed avocados with tiny pitsThey have. When giant sloths were still the main consumer of avocados the pit was almost twice as big as they are nowYou are all thinking of this backwards! The avocados most of us see in grocery stores are just one kind. There are much bigger ones, but The Man is keeping them out of mainstream grocers. Here is a TIL for you _URL_0_
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If speakers are just magnets, what happens when you blow a speaker from playing audio too loud?
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You tear the membrane that the magnet is attached to, a thin surface that is meant to vibrate the air to make sound. [Here are some pics.]', "Usually you've torn the speaker cone, like the other answers say. Sometimes you can damage a speaker by giving it too much power over a period of time, which I assume overheats it and damages the insulation in the coil or burns out a wire. ", 'They aren't just magnets. What "blows" is the cone, which is a thin piece of material, typically paper, which is moved backwards and forwards at different frequencies to make air move, thus reproducing sound. Make it move too hard and the paper can't take the strain. That's when it "blows". Where did you get the idea speakers were just magnets?Speakers are magnets connected to something that moves air. Often this is paper or some sort of plastic cone. A blown speaker has somehow managed to tear the connection between the magnet and this cone. The sound of a blown speaker is the sound of torn up shit flapping around.A speaker is like a cars suspension. When you blow one out its like hitting a bump that's too big going too fast and the suspension is damaged.
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When I eat a bunch of sour fruits, for example sour apples or a lemon, why are my cheeks and forehead sweating so much?
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I never experienced this myself but was intrigued as to why, so I did some research and found this answer. > In general, sweating is caused by too much heat, even if you're not aware of the heat. This can happen if the bowel moves and so raises the core temperature. Such movement is often accompanied with sweating, and since you only feel the normal temperature on the skin, it is cold sweat. But at the same time your core is hot so you think it's cold, but it will later mix to normal. > Anyway, it points to unusual bowel movement. This can be due to food allergy or, in a milder form, in food intolerances which are quite common. When it comes to sour ingredients, they are often in fruits, so I'll make a shot in the blue and say that you have a food intolerance against some fruits. You can check this hypothesis by trying chemically pure acetic acid to sour your food. If that doesn't result in sweat/hotness then it's probably the fruits. Since it's found on the Interwebs I can't tell you for sure this is the answer but sounds likely. **EDIT** Forgot to add the link _URL_0_
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Can someone ELI5 what credit rating agencies are, what they do and why they have so much power?
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**What they are and what they do** Credit Rating Agencies try to score corporations and governments on the likelihood those bond issuers will pay back their debts . Three are three big credit rating agencies : Standard & Poor's, Moddy's, and Fitch. Credit bureaus look at the same thing but for individuals . Credit Rating Agencies can see how a bond issuer is doing from financial statements. They make predictions about how the future will change, and under what conditions a bond issuer will default on its debts. Those predictions lead to a score, on the scale of AAA to D . **Why they have so much power** Investors pour through a bond issuer's financial statements in order to judge how likely corporations are to pay them back. Investors then only buy bonds if the interest rate being offered off-sets the risk of default. Investors rely on trusted the Credit Rating Agencies for a second opinion. However, often investors get lazy and take Credit Rating Agencies\' word for it. There is little need for more than a handful of Credit Rating Agencies, because a bond issuer should be getting the same score from all of them. The handful Credit Rating Agencies have few competitors to state that they are wrong, and therefore have a huge amount of influence in how much bond issuers have to pay in interest.
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Why do we jump our clocks forward on the 13th? Why not on the vernal equinox instead?
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Hour changes are generally planned for the early hours of a Sunday morning, so that not many people are up and getting confused when the clocks change. You go to bed in one time zone, and when you wake up it's another, rather than having to skip an hour completely or, worse still, have extreme confusion at two consecutive hours both having the same number. You can't schedule anything for that hour without being uncertain about whether it's the first or the second one.
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What happens to dust particles that get in to the eyes and lungs?
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If they truly get deep into your lungs, they may become trapped there, but that's a relatively hard place to reach. Most are caught before then in mucus lining your airways. Tiny moving cilia work in concert to gradually move this mucus towards your throat, where you either swallow it or cough it out. Dust in your eyes is flushed out with tears, either onto the face if the irritation is great enough, or by draining into your nasolacrimal duct into the back of your nose/throat.
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How do insurance companies deal with huge disasters, like hurricane Harvey or Katrina?
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"Reinsurance". Basically insurance for insurance companies to insure against getting hit with too many claimsYou have a bunch of people who pay a premium and never or rarely have a claim that you hope balances out those who do. If you set the premiums right, you cover the claims you have to pay out, make a bit of profit and don’t piss too many people off in the end. It’s a legalized gambling, of sorts, with plenty of data and analysis behind itWell, in the case of Katrina, they claim all the damage was from flooding rather than wind and have federal backed flood insurance cover itBy analyzing hurricane patterns and charging high enough premiums to people in hurricane prone areas to to make a really big payout a few times a decade. Also, insurance is highly regulated industry, they are required to follow certain practices to ensure they will be able to pay claims in these cases. Also, they pay for insurance against the possibility of paying out a lot of insurance claims. Really, it is called reinsurance. Unless the insurance company is a complete fraud, they should be able to pay out most of the claims from a major disaster. Reinsurance pays enough to make up the difference so they can stay in business.
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Why do so few smartphone companies use stock Android?
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Custom UI means the users get used to that one experience. Companies hope that users will keep buying their products for that experience . Differences are mostly selection of default apps and UI when we are talking about traditional phone companies like Samsung, HTC, LG etc. OnePlus for example changes a lot more 'under-the-hood'.
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why is everything Windows (or at least not Mac) referred to as PC when PC is a general term for Personal Computers?
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It isn't a general term. Pc is a platform. It was originally an IBM trademark. Computers nowadays are PC clones.
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How come we see large bodies of Water as blue?
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Well, this is the thing. Large amounts of water appear blue right? Oceans, lakes, icebergs, swimming pools, even a white bath full of water will look slightly blue-ish. Of course it's because water *is* slightly blue. You just need a decent amount of it before that can be seen. A glass of water doesn't have nearly enough to appreciate the colouration, so it looks clear.
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How do you become ambidextrous as a child?
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I just am. No training or trying whatsoever. I do most fine motor skills with the left and most strength based stuff on the right. I can easily switch if needed but it can also make me very klutzy because I do not automatically hold anything the way it is intended. Can't play golf at all for example.
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Why does water increase grip for fingers on pages etc?
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Okay, imagine you just spilled some coffee on a book. You know how it sort of spreads out from where it originally hit the page and winds up being like twice the size of the original stain? This is because of how water interacts with paper--it's called "hydrogen bonding", but all you need to know about that is that it's way stronger than almost any other kind of surface-surface interaction. Some things hydrogen bond, others don't. Paper does, human skin does a little, and rubber doesn't at all. So, when you lick your finger and then touch the page, the water is bonded to your finger, the page, and itself, which winds up effectively bonding all three together much better than just the finger and page alone. This leads to easier turning of pages. Tires don't hydrogen bond at all; in fact, they actively repel it . This means that this bond does not exist, and the water actually gets in the way of the bond that normally exists between the tire and the road, leading to decreased grip. Hope that helps!
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What is the best way this Ukraine/Russia hullabaloo can end? What is the worst? What is most likely at this point?
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Putin will get what he wants in exchange for some token concessions and everybody will relax. Soon after that, he'll do it again with another area. Same thing will follow. Then he'll get over confident and really step in it and a real conflict will erupt.
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How does sucking in your gut work?
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Your organs mainly go up. Between your tummy and your chest, there's a muscle called the diaphragm. It is normally used to breathe but you can also use it to suck your gut in . You may also notice that, when you suck your gut in, not only your tummy goes in but your chest goes out, which enhances the illusion that your gut is smaller. What happens is that basically you rearranged your organs, by pushing them up a bit, so that now the tummy is smaller and the chest is bigger.
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Do fish die going over large waterfalls like Niagara?
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Actually most fish tend to avoid waterfalls. That said, because of their small size they fall with less force than a human, meaning their terminal velocity is generally quite low. Most fish will survive a long drop into the water, and the smallest ones will even survive hitting the rocks.
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Why defaults have less mods than subreddits with fewer subscribers.
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It depends on what the mods want and how strictly the subreddit is regulated. In some cases, it's just a matter of the mods having their own opinions on how much work they need to do and how much work each of them is able to put in. Often, it's a matter of how tightly regulated the subreddit is. For example, in /r/videos, there are few mods, but there isn't much regulation needed. Sure people will occasionally get banned for posting spam or personal information, but pretty much every submission that's posted will meet the criteria of being an apolitical video. Another example is /r/atheism back when it was a default. That subreddit was infamous for its complete lack of regulation and as such, it was filled with non-stop reposts and instances of karma-whoring. On the other side, look at something like /r/askscience. In that subreddit, there is very strict enforcement of all comments. In fact, in that subreddit, it's incredibly common to look through a thread and notice dozens of comments listed as having been deleted or removed. Needless to say, /r/askscience is tightly regulated. Since so much regulation occurs there, it makes sense that they have 55 mods.
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What causes the brown parts of a banana and should I eat it?
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It's fine to eat, it's just because of a natural process caused by ethylene which is a natural compound released by almost all fruit during the ripening process. High amounts of ethylene cause the yellow pigments in bananas to decay into those characteristic brown spots in a process called enzymatic browning.
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Why do we get bags under our eyes?
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There are multiple reasons - **Aging** With the aging process, the ligaments underneath your eyes that hold back fatty tissue begin to weaken, and the tissue can fall forward to form under eye bags. **Tiredness or Sleepy Eyes** Fluid accumulates into the skin under the eyes as gravity drags it downward whilst you are upright.So when you lay down to sleep the fluid is able to drain away into the nasal passages. There are drains that connect the nose and eyes and allow that fluid to move back and forth between wake and sleeps cycles. If you notice that you have bags under your eyes early in the morning but they're generally gone by noon, it probably means they're being caused by fluid retention. You might be able to reduce their appearance by simply using an extra pillow to elevate your head while you sleep. **Heredity** One of the biggest reasons people get bags under their eyes is because their parents have them. It's in your genes, and -- aside from plastic surgery -- there's not much that can be done about it. Some other reasons - - Sinus infections can cause them as well, by constantly stretching the skin beneath your eyes. - Swelling or other infections.
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Despite living in famine stricken countries where food and medicine is in such short supply, why do people still have children when there's such high risk of child mortality?
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In many countries children are your retirement plan. If a country lacks the social safety net to protect the elderly then people tend to have large families so that their children can support them later in life. They invest time and resources into their children with the assumption that they will be paid back later. That's why you tend to see the birth rate drop as economic stability rises.
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Why, when writing formal (letters), are (married) women sometimes referred to as Mr. (female's full name)?
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If you know it's a woman, Mr. would be an error. Some women see this mistake, I have a friend called Gene Smith, her real name is Genevieve. She pronounces Gene like gene . She gets a lot of mail to Mr. Gene Smith, because if you google "gene smith" you get images of a bunch of guys. In workplace writing Ms. is the safe personal title for all females, marital status isn't a factorTraditionally, in English and American society, the family line goes through the man. When a woman is married, she leaves her former family and joins a new family. The husband is the head of that family; his legal authority over their household is balanced by a duty to protect his wife and children. Although most people would now consider husband and wife equal, and that's their legal position in most English-speaking countries, the custom of referring to a wife by her husband's surname comes from this system. When Miss Jane Doe marries Mr. Richard Roe, she may henceforth be referred to as "Mrs. Richard Roe" or simply "Mrs. Roe." Today, if a woman keeps her previous last name but still wishes to be referred to as "Mrs.," she has forgotten the origin of the practice.You're right this is something from yesteryear. Let's say the man was named James Smith. The wife would be referred to as Mrs. James Smith. We later dropped this and now would say Mrs. [her name] Smith. Some people today are now not changing their last name for the husband.
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Rather than have two separate sexes, why are not all species hermaphroditic?
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Organisms that exchange genes change more per generation than organisms that don't. As such, sexual organisms tend to evolve a lot faster relative to generation length than asexual ones. Not only does this allow them to more rapidly exploit ecological niches and adapt to change , but it allows them to be *more different* than their peers - which means that a lot of the biological diversity out there *is the result of* sex-driven evolution. As with most evolutionary concepts, you kind of need to look at these things in hindsight. Species that haven't changed much over the eons are the weird primitive things you find under rocks in ponds, because that's where they started, and they just haven't moved on. Any species that turns hermaphroditic is retiring from the rat-race, because it lives in an environment so stable that mutations allowing self-fertilization provide less disadvantage than the cost of maintaining males. This doesn't tend to happen very often - and even when it does, it doesn't tend to spread, because a stable species doesn't split into new species.All the previous commenters are talking about animals that practice self fertilization or are asexual. I think you are actually asking about animals where each individual produces both sperm and eggs, and any one animal could have the choice to be pregnant or impregnate another? In animals that are hermaphroditic, like snails, they compete to be the one that gives sperm to the other, and sex is usually very dangerous and violent. Being pregnant takes a lot of extra nutrients and is hard on your body. Sometimes they fight to the death over who's going to have to do all the work of being the "female". It's a lot simpler when there's already agreement about which partner is going to carry the offspring in their body. I'm glad humans don't have to [fence with our penises] or impregnate each other by firing [love darts] into each other's flesh.Why isn't there a third sex? What would that entail?
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Why is it that when I'm not hungry but I eat something anyways, I instantly become hungry?
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The human body has a mechanism to ignore hunger if it goes on without food for a certain period of time so now that you got food it says, "Oi mate, that's my part, you need more food." On a more technical side the brain [stops releasing the leptin and ghrelin] so you don't feel it and are able to focusing on getting foodWhen you start to eat something, your body becomes aware that you are eating something. It starts to digest and process the food. Even if you only eat a little bit of food, your body is preparing for more food. Also, when you start eating, you think about food more.
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What is a subsidy?
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Very simply, a subsidy is when the government offers money to a group, usually corporations, to achieve various results. This can range from lower prices for the consumer, to help researching new technologies, to an effort to stabilize prices. A great example in the US is farming. As we all know, farming is largely dependent on the weather. This means that some years too little food is produced. This would cause prices to rise, which would in turn make food more expensive. A subsidy, in this example, would pay part of that additional cost to keep the grain cheaper for the end consumer. In the reverse situation, a year when too *much* grain is produced, prices can drop. If the cost drops too much then the farmer might not make any money . In this case, a subsidy would help raise the *farmers* profit while again keeping the end costs low. These are examples of fairly direct subsidies, but the government can subsidize almost anything. And they can do it to achieve different results. Changes in farm subsides recently have promoted the growth and use of corn in many different products . They can promote the growth of one sector over another. In the case of this article it seems that the government would be subsidizing the cost of solar plants so that it becomes a cheaper alternative to coal. If people are given a choice between coal and more expensive solar, they would chose solar. This would have an environmental impact, and so would desirable, but its a very expensive technology. The government then steps in and takes some of the financial burden in order to promote the growth of solar power.Free money. Literally. In example: The gov't of China offers a $19,000 subsidy to anyone who buys an electric car. That means that if you buy an electric car they will give you $19,000 at the same time, which means you pay $19,000 less. Usually it's included in the price when you go to the store.
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Apache (The software)
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Apache is a web server. When you make a website it is a collection of files on a computer somewhere. When somebody wants to see your web page, they type in your address and a request goes to your computer. The web server software gets that request and sends you the correct files, including any needed processing, scripts, code, data, etc. Apache is notable for being fast, efficient, and free.
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Why is it so hard to make realistic water/liquids in video games?
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Water is made of lots of tiny particles, and these particles are constantly moving, colliding, and changing velocity. Solids have lots of particles, but they don't move, and you don't have to calculate their speed, or how they change position. It's harder for a CPU to calculate how to display water since there's so many calculations. Each time one water particle changes position, it will affect the ones next to it, which end up affecting all of the water particles. Forget making it look pretty, even trying to simulate water flow is hard, and there aren't precise equations to deal with laminar and turbulent water flow. We can't simulate the path of each individual molecule accurately, so instead we guess and fudge it a bit. It's much easier to make realistic solids, since you don't have to worry about what's happening inside the solid, and the surface isn't changing much, if at all. --- TL;DR too many calculations
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Why is way harder to find species where females have to impress males for matting?
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Because growing a baby intrinsically requires more resources than providing sperm, therefore more care must be taken in selecting a mate. Waste a bit of sperm on a bad genetic partner? No big deal. Waste a pregnancy on one? Big deal1 male can impregnate many females. 1 female can only be impregnated by 1 male. For the survival of the species, the best individu should pass on his genes. Females have to be selective in their choice of partner, otherwise they will have offsprings with poorer genes. Since they can procreate a limited number of time, the selection of good mating parter become even more important. If it was the other way around, males with poor genes would have as much chances than males with good genes to mate with a female.
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Why do some flavor combinations taste so well together (Peanut butter & Jelly, pork chops & apples, Lamb & mint, etc)?
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Contrasting flavors are often a successful combination because they balance each other; this prevents you from feeling that a given flavor becomes excessive. So considering the 3 examples you give, we have salty/savoury flavors of peanut butter, pork chops, and lamb, which are combined with tart/fruity flavors of jelly, apples, & mint. Since we human beings generally enjoy complex flavor combinations there are lots of ways to make interesting recipes, not just savoury + fruity, but that is one of the very successful methods.
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Why is japanese porn censored? NSFW
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Porn was first seriously restricted in Japan in the Meiji Era, when materials deemed “injurious to public morals” were banned [thanks to the introduction of Victorian morals from the West]. After Japan’s defeat in WW2, American occupation authorities changed many of Japan’s laws to guarantee freedom of speech and expression. Sadly, the occupation authorities decided that the pre-existing law regarding pornography didn’t need to be changed. It has remained in effect to this day. While the 60 years after World War II saw the acceptance of uncensored pornography as freedom of expression in the West, Japan continued to consider it “injurious to public morals.” One still cannot legally buy a movie featuring fully visible hardcore action. In recent years it seems that the definition of “injurious to public morals” has been relaxed. Ten years ago, pubic hair was censored: now it is not. Last year, the American film Kinsey was allowed to air in Japanese theaters uncensored. The scene in which Dr. Kinsey is giving a slideshow of penis/vagina picture made history as the first ever scene showing human genitalia allowed by the censorsFollow up question: Is there a name or category name for non censored japanese porn?
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How long will ball bounce in vacuum
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All other things being equal, the one in the vacuum would bounce longer as no air resistance is slowing it down.
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Weakly dominant vs Strictly dominant in game theory.
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Weakly dominant theory means that a player will get *at least* as much positive value as any other player regardless of their choice. Strictly dominant means they must get the *most* positive value of any other player with their choice. Weakly Dominant: Choose A and everyone gets $0, Choose B and you get $100, Choose C and everyone gets $100. Choosing B or C would be weakly dominant. Strictly Dominant: Choose A and everyone gets $0, choose B and you get $100, choose C and everyone gets $100, or choose D and *you* alone get $200.
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Why does bread get tough when left outside a bag/box for some time, but crackers get soft in the same situation?
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Bread has a lot of moisture . So, leaving it out leads to the liquid evaporating out and drying out the bread. Crackers have very little moisture, that's why they can last much longer than bread. So, when you leave them out, they absorb the moisture from the surrounding environment.
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What did Obama do to deserve the Nobel Peace Prize?
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He didn't deserve it. Even Obama acknowledges that. It's been said that it's sometimes given as a form of "pro-active shame" on somebody who might be a war monger. As a way to encourage them to be peacefulThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009 was awarded to Barack H. Obama "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples".
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why do they always the need to change up the UI of a big social media app?
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It’s so they can tell their shareholders/stockholders that they are adding value and keeping their product “relevant”
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Why is it that normal pencils will rub off with an eraser, but color pencils won't?
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Color pencil pigment is carried by wax, which only smears around when it's written on something and then erased. You're essentially writing with a form of grease that carries a coloring agent, and like rubbing your finger across a greasy frying pan, doesn't remove it that well without some other form of chemical help . Pencil leads are made largely from graphite, a naturally black carbon form that transfers very well to paper in a tacky powder of sorts. Because it doesn't require any sort of glue to stay in place, and because it doesn't need any sort of wax to carry a different pigment , you only really need pressed graphite in the lead. Tacky rubber or plastic erasers remove graphite from paper very well because that substance sticks to graphite better than paper does, so it lifts it off and removes it in the little flakes that come away from your eraser as you use it up.
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What is happening when the internet stops working, and then somehow working after i replug/restart it?
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I assume you mean the router/wifi. A router takes internet traffic from all the devices in your house with internet and funnels it out to your provider. Then all the returning traffic has to be sent out to the right device. It's sort of like working in a mailroom, but at very high speeds. Doing this is complicated and takes a lot of memory and processing power. Eventually the router gets overwhelmed and its memory gets full. When this happens, internet stops working or is really slow. When you power it off and back on, that memory is reset to blank, a clean slate. I have mine on a timer to shut off for 15 minutes at 2:30am everynight, to help with this. Otherwise, just pull the plug when it gets bad.
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Why light travels at that precise speed in vaccuum (and not higher)?
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_URL_0_ Check out the top comment. Doesn't exactly answer your question but should help wrap your mind around why that speed is significant.Typically the speed of light is thought of as simply THE maximum speed. We then use this fundemental speed to define other properties. However, we could chose to define some other properties as "fundemental" and use those to calculate the speed of light. An interesting historical note is that it was discovered that electricity and magnetism were related and there should be an elecro-magnetic wave that could travel through free space. The speed at which this wave should travel was a function of the elecrical permitivity of free space and the magnetic permeability of free space. The speed was calculated and found to be very close to the speed of light. Only then was it realized that light WAS an elecromagnetic wave.
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Why does your body's immunity tank with sleep deprivation?
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When you don't get enough sleep there is a decrease in the number of T cells and an increase in the factors that cause inflammation. Inflammation without reason can lead to tissue damage, which also makes it easier for pathogens to start an infection because part of your immune system will be concerned with damage and not so much with other areas of the body. T cells along with a lot of other proteins and hormones are made while you sleep, and if you don't sleep long enough you will not have made enough of these cells and molecules.
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On most microphones there is a metal grate that you sing or speak into, why does this not distort or muffle the voice?
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The short answer is that the openings in the grate are wide enough to as to avoid any major impact. It *probably* does make a tiny difference, but it's an acceptable trade-off for the sake of the microphone element's protection.The metal grill's purpose on microphone models like the most common live vocal mic, the SM58, is designed almost entirely for the purpose of keeping the vocalist's mouth far enough away from the microphone. The Shure SM57 and SM58 are the same exact microphone, with the only difference being the grill. Under the grill is a layer of foam designed, again, to keep spit away from the capsule, as well as to lessen the impact of air blown into/toward the mic by the singer on the capsule . All of this is to say that, essentially the sound would be MORE muffled without the grill, in the application of using a mic like this for vocals.This is called a pop filter, and it's used to stop the 'popping' sound caused by sharp breaths when speaking, such as words with 'puh' sounds.
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Why do people lose weight during sleep?
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You body is taking in oxygen, and breathing out oxygen plus hydrogen and oxygen + carbon . That is basically how *all* long term weight is lost, and over the course of 8 hours, it adds up. Also, you perspire while you sleep, and that contributes too. In addition, bathroom scales are not terribly accurate, and differences in temperature and humidity between evening and morning can skew their results.Two main things. One is just that you exhale and sweat a fair amount of water all the time - at night, you aren't replacing that at all, so you lose some water weight. But also because you are constantly exhaling weight - this is actually the main mechanism that you lose weight period. You inhale oxygen , and breath out carbon dioxide and water. Your body took the oxygen and reacted it with sugars in your body , which result in the gases you exhale. When you lose weight, it's because of the carbon and hydrogen you are adding to your exhaled breaths. Related fact - most of the mass of plants comes not from their roots but from the air - they take in CO2 and release O2, keeping the Carbon to build their tissues.water loss, either through sweat, pee, or just the humidity in your breath. the other is carbon dioxide, inhale oxygen, exhale CO2. Add up all those carbons and you can get a measurable amount of weight. But of your 2lbs, i would be sure atleast 75% of it was water.You're still breathing, heart's still pumping, brain's still thinking right? All of that requires energy from food in your belly or fat reserves. The mass lost leaves mostly through sweat, CO2 when you exhale, and that one time you pooped the bed.
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Why do most men get a feeling of regret right after finishing jerking off?
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Woah, that can't be right. Masturbation is one of mankind's best tools. When I was single and thought I liked a girl I would spank it before calling her. If I still wanted to talk after getting off that was a good sign. I have never felt guilty about masturbation btw.Here are you getting this assumption? By saying most men, you mean over 51% which I feel is very very high.
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Why do our bodies feel so cold when we're sick?
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It's going to blow your mind, but you're not actually cold when that happens. Chances are you actually have a high fever. This most commonly occurs as a fever "breaks:, or reaches it's maximum. The chills are not actually the result of you feeling cold, they're the result of muscle contractions your body is doing to raise it's internal temperature to help fight the infection.
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What is actually happening in a person's body when they build up a tolerance to a drug or alcohol?
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"Reward" or "pleasure" comes from your Nucleus Accumbens in the brain, which is partly mediated by the Ventral Tegmental Area. Along with other structures, the VTA stimulates the Nucleus Accumbens with neurotransmitters, most commonly dopamine. Drugs alter the effectiveness of this stimulation. After awhile, your body automatically adjusts the amount of dopamine released in anticipation of this alteration. Like when you break out your bowl and grinder, your brain automatically adjusts the level of dopamine released to "prepare" itself for you smoking weed. So you then require more smoking to counteract your body's changes. It also has to do with a change in the number of drug receptors in your brain too. More receptors = more drugs required. At least, that's what I remember from schoolThere are a lot of ways this can happen, depending on how the specific drug works. Some work by filling receptors that normally are used by signalling molecules, thus preventing the cell from receiving signal. In response, the body may produce more receptors for the signal molecule, or a larger amount of the signalling molecule to compete. A different type of drug may inhibit enzymes responsible for removing the signal molecule once it has completed its job, thus extending the lifetime of molecules that are perpetually in a "bind, signal, release" type of equilibrium until digested. The body could respond here by eventually producing lower levels of signalling molecule to restore "normality", or by increasing the production of the inhibited enzyme. That's just two random examples, but I'm sure you get the idea. From that, think about how changing what the body "perceives" as normal causes withdrawal symptoms. TLDR: The body tries to behave normally while on the drug if it's in the body long enough.
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Why do some people move a lot in their sleep whilst others stay still?
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I've always kind of wondered this. One time when I was little I had a dream that I fell off a cliff. I woke up the next morning on the floor and couldn't remember how I got there.
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How is currency/money in banks and other financial institutions safe-guarded from computer-based attacks?
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Insane amounts of backups. The record keeping is highly regulated and by law the banks/financial institutions must follow the rules of having the information secured, AND backed up in a number of ways. Worst case scenario, they would have to stop all transactions and fix their databases. Source: I build these systems.The Clark-Wilson security model is like double-entry bookeeping. Money can't be put in your account without a matching debit somewhere else.
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When a live sports replay is "brought to you by Home Depot" and other oddities, how is this effective marketing?
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It's known as brand building. They are trying to make you remember their brand name on a deep, visceral level. Their name just becomes part of the language. So, the next time you think about needing a tool or building material the first name that springs to mind is Home Depot. They're hoping that this association is enough to prevent you from looking for any other home improvement store since you already remember their name.You know how you remember it and are now talking about it? That seems pretty effective, right?', "Those are usually premium spots I think because they are 'captive'. It's usually an interrupt on the broadcast rather than a commercial break so many more people see them while paying attention. Also it's more exclusive. Less advertisers at more opportune times.
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With almost everything having a generic version these days, and all of the competition in the furniture business, why isn't there a Sleep Number clone on the market?
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If there's no competition for a product, it could mean a few things: * The company making them holds a bunch of patents which prevent a competitor from legally making clones* The start-up cost is really high to start producing clones* The inventing company has so much name-recognition that it's impossible to compete against their advertising* There's not a large enough potential market to justify the expense of trying to compete
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How does karma, reincarnation and all that work in Hinduism?
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An incarnation is like a character that the soul plays in a play or a game. Each character has a "right way of doing things" . In the case of humans, each caste has its own right way of doing things. Behaving according to this way improves your *karma*, and behaving against it degrades it . When a character dies, the actor goes on to play another character . Poor karma leads to a less favourable character and good karma leads to a more favourable character . In this new role, you get another chance to improve your karma, and the game goes on. Note that even if you end up in heaven, or as a god, you are still playing the game and will eventually die and be reborn according to your karma. If you wish to escape the game , you need to devote your life to practicing one of many meditative techniques . This practice leads you to the realization that the actor is not a separate entity, but part of a fundamental, unchanging reality . According to certain traditions, it's becoming unified with God.
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Can somebody tell me how Tobin Taxes work?
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When you think of buying something, what you are usually doing is trading your dollars for candy, or movie tickets, or whatever you're buying. If lots of people want to buy candy, the candy salesmen can raise the prices and make more money. This is called demand. Of course, if you're buying candy in, say, Germany, you would buy the candy with Euros instead of Dollars. What if all you have are Dollars? Then you would have to use your Dollars to buy Euros, and then you could buy your German candy. Remember how if everyone wants candy, the candy sellers can raise their prices? The same is true for money. If people think Euros are a really good currency, people can say they want more Dollars for a Euro. For example, People want Pounds more than Dollars, so you have to spend 1.5 dollars to get a Pound . Some people realized they can buy lots of a particular currency when nobody wants it and then sell that currency when everyone wants it and make a lot of money doing that. For instance, you might buy 100 Japanese Yen for a dollar today. Tomorrow, the Yen is worth more, so you can buy 2 dollars with your 100 yen. You just made money trading currency! What happens if lots of people try to make money this way? The prices of different currencies can fluctuate up and down a lot, more quickly than normal. This can cause problems for the economy that uses that currency. If you put a cost on trading currency, people won't buy currency unless they need it or are really sure it's a good deal. This is called the Tobin Tax . Since fewer people are buying and selling currency, the price of the currency doesn't change so much, so it's easier for economies to adjust.
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Why have a European Union and not just massive country?
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Forming a big "country" comparable to the United States would mean the creation of something like the USA's federal government. This means that the individual states would have to give up some power and control over their own rules/people to this government. This is a tough sell. The European Union grants them a lot of those country advantages without one country having to give up total power over their turf.> So why not just have a big EU 'country' with the current union members all becoming states? Funny thing about people living in countries with centuries of history: They don't really like giving them up. Existing countries don't want to give up sovereignty just like that.
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Why are electrical lines slack between poles?
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Because if they were pulled taut, then a strong wind could bend the poles away from each other and snap the lines, loosing high energy power lines onto the ground below which can be extremely dangerous. A little bit of slack is just fine.There are a few reasons. First, they're metal. Metals expand and contract with heat--if there was no slack, they'd possibly break under extreme temperature changes. Second, birds and debris sometimes land on them. You need them to be able to take some weight, which means they can't be stretched too tight.The lines have mass. So there is something that needs to hold them up. Any force is composed of a horizontal and a vertical force. And a line under tension have a force following the line. So in order to keep the line up you need a certain force up on each pole in addition to the horizontal force. You could increase the horizontal force which would make the line more straight but it would still have some slack in them. You can not get rid of it. The amount of slack in a power line is a compromise between the force that can be applied to the lines before they or the poles snap in wind and how tight the lines have to be to not hit each other or the ground.
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What happens to a text message when the receiving phone is turned off?
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> And also, once the receiving phone is turned on, how does the text message service detect that? When your phone connects to the network, it performs what's evocatively known as a "handshake." This process of establishing the connection informs the network where to direct a call that will terminate on your handset, so the network has to keep a log of which handsets are connected and which aren't, otherwise you couldn't get calls. As part of this handshake, the network also checks if you have pending messages, and if you do, it delivers themWaits on the service provider's servers until a network is established. Once established it's sent. It's all kept "encrypted" of course.
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Whats so bad about the Koch Brothers
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Specific political agendas and corporate greed aside They symbolize the dying of democracy. Basically, we vote based on the familiarity and likability of our candidates. When someone gives millions of dollars to a candidate then they have an advantage over other candidates that increases their ability to get elected. Money talks in politics! A healthy democracy requires that all voices get heard and all candidates get their message out in a moderately fair manner. If one candidate has bazillions of dollars for ads and campaign teams, they have an unfair advantage. Anyone with massive amounts of money essentially gets their agenda noticed over many average people with a different agenda. No, they don't force us to vote for some goober we hate. But, huge money helps select our choices and this determines government policy in an unfair and undemocratic way. You see this in a system that oftentimes creates a choice between a Democrat and a Republican who BOTH favor rich corporations over actual people. Meanwhile, the same money vilifies the third-party candidates who don't usually have a chance anyway but might have if big money weren't involved.
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Whatever happened to all those 1-900 psychic / astrology lines from the 1990's and early 2000's? Why isn't that a thing anymore?
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They moved online, hotline number s like that just changed with the time as More people got intratnetI had a couple of friends who worked as phone psychics in the \'90s. It was a rather slow decline; they went from working in offices at large cubicles for a few years to working at home with a company-installed line. They told me at the time that it was a great job: getting paid to sit at home in your underwear, get high all day, flip Tarot cards, and talk lonely people out of their money one minute at a time. Some of those people requested them by their "psychic name;" these were the employees who made the most money. But then the company they worked for went out of business. You 'd think they would have seen it coming. The story from my friends was that it came down to poor management and extravagant spending by those at the top. I believe the advent of the internet put the final nail in the coffin; cheap telephony via landlines made the world a bit smaller, but the instant connectivity of the internet made it small enough to fit in your desktopAs I like to say, 9/11 killed the whole industry. The psychics did not see that coming. The X Files also was killed off. People also stopped talking about angels.
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What's with getting goosebumps when you have the craps?
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Probably the diarrhea is due to your body detecting some poison or pathogen attacking your body. One way to help fight it off is to increase the temperature in your body, and the hypothalamus turns up the normal temperature your body tries to maintain. Your body then recognizes that it is colder than it thinks it should be, and activates the arrector pili muscles at the base of your hair follicles to fluff out your fur to keep in more heat. Except you don't have fur anymore, just a bit of hair that gets goosebumps while you sit on the pot.
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Why are western countries not investing more heavily in renewable energy when they're spending £Billions on foreign oil
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Because they honestly. Don't want to. The places that are trying, are doing relatively well with it, but honestly it all ties into capitalism and the lack of want to try new things. Until we actually run 100% out of any source of petroleum product, be it cornmade biodiesel, used vegetable oil, etc, only then will we probably embrace solar/wind/nuclear. But almost all modern vehicles are still gasoline. Even the hybrid ones require gas, you can't run them on electric only, or at least not very long. Lots of machinery still requires oil of some type, be it artificial or a crude derivative. There just isn't enough industry/market/government pressure for renewable and clean energy. There are modern world leaders who still deny climate change for fucks sake. Tl;Dr, big business and shitty people running the world don't want to stop the oil business. Edit: addendum - things like solar and wind can only be put in so many places. With solar being easier than wind. But coastal countries/provinces/states/cities could use underwater current spun turbines for power. Geothermal could be used in more places. Nuclear is honestly safe as fuck if you don't get hit by a tsunami or build your safety walls out of plywood and embezzled funds. But due to the fear of nuclear and the 'its too hard' nature of wind and solar and hydroelectric only being feasible on large rivers, oil/coal stay in charge.
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Why are firearm designs so old, specifically handguns?
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Because they are reliable. And there is a small reason for making a new design when the old one is still making money. Hope that helps :)Simplicity and reliability. Firearms use very basic mechanics. An explosion of gasses pushes out a projectile. When dealing with basic mechanics the simplest designs usually work best. Circles and straight lines. Adding rifling to impart spin took a very long time to work out so that the benefit of the rifling was greater than the disadvantages involved in loading a rifled barrel. Changing from single shot to revolver then to magazines also to a very long to make them reliable. Given the theoretical use of guns for self defense, it takes an incredible advantage to make up for a loss of reliability.There really isn't much more you can do to modern firearms without reinventing them completely. The actual mechanisms are pretty simple, and there isn't any reason to change that. The one exception is from the argument of 3-D printing of weapons, due to the fact that the material itself is not conducive to making a reliable weapon. That being said, they are *continually* upgrading the internal features to make them more reliable, as with any device.
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Why is turning it off and on again so effective?
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Think of it as priming a pump. If there are bubbles in the piping, a pump won't be able to push through. But drain and then refill the water, which will most likely have no bubbles and the pump will work fine. There are problems like this in electronics as well - where they can reach a problem that is stable , but could be easily solved by draining the system of electricity and starting it up again - thus beginning in a known,well tested and stable state.If the problem is the current state of the computer, restarting - an operation which wipes a portion of the current state and regenerates it from new - can be very effective. It just so happens that many low-level problems are in the portion of the state which is regenerated, rather than some more long-lasting portion of the stateAn awful lot of things that make your computer break are due to issues that are corrected by restarting the operating system from scratch. Memory leaks, crashed drivers, rogue processes etc can all be fixed this way.
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Why does very famous and well-known companies like Coca-Cola keep spending millions on advertisements?
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Simply put, new buyers are being born every minute, and they have to be marketed to or they will go to whoever is marketing to them instead of you. Does Coca-Cola or other huge names benefit from a massive momentum due to market share? Yes. But this would drift down steadily if they did not keep marketing to people. Keep in mind, Coca Cola sells great, but so does Pepsi. They spend a lot of money trying to out-shout each other to keep consumersUpkeep being my best guess. Maintaining a presence as well as subliminal marketing. You know what Doritos taste like, so when you see a commercial and think "damn I haven't had Doritos in a while" and go get some, then bam. Another purchase for them. Do this on a global market and you 'd be surprised how many people do that exact thing.
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What does it mean when a drug addict has "collapsed veins"? Why do they have to keep looking for different veins over their bodies?
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Because when a vein is injured, as it is normal with the rest of our body, it starts an acute inflamatory response. The idea of an inflamatory response is to repair the tissue to what it was before. When a tissue is repeatedly injured in the same place over and over again, the inflamatory response turns to a chronic one. The difference with this one is that it involves fibrosis. This is the thing that collapses the veins, filling them with fibers that don't let blood flow and ultimately make them unusable. The same thing happens to people that are in dialysis for several years.From the Wikipedia article on [collapsed vein]: Veins\xa0may become temporarily blocked if the internal lining of the vein swells in response to repeated injury or irritation. This may be caused by the\xa0needle, the\xa0substance\xa0injected, or donating plasma. Once the swelling subsides, the\xa0circulation\xa0will often become re-established.
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What the proposed Tory social care reforms are, and why some people are calling it the "dementia tax".
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There's multiple components to it. David Cameron worked to put into legislation a cap of 72,000 pounds sterling on social care bills to be introduced in 2020. The idea was that middle class retirees with long-term care conditions such as dementia wouldn't have to sacrifice everything they owned to pay for that care. May is moving to remove that legislation, hence the "dementia tax". May is going further and stating that an elderly person will be responsible for their social care until their estate goes below 100,000 pounds sterling in worth. That person's property is being valued in that estate. That is huge in a country where home ownership is a big deal, and it's basically saying, "if you're middle class, and you have a social care condition, we will tell you to sell your house if it comes to that". Additionally, the overall pension is being reduced, with increases to the pension being determined solely by wage growth and inflation rather than a combination of wage growth, inflation, and a flat amount. May also intends to introduce means-testing for winter fuel payments, which can pay out up to 300 pounds sterling a year. Margaret Thatcher took away free milk from student lunches, Theresa May wants to take away free firewood from the elderly. I'm American, and the thought of taking away free fuel doesn't resonate with me at all, because we 've never really had that to begin with. But the thought of the government telling people to give up and sell their property, that is outrageous to me, and I don't even own a house.
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Does the ban on news outlets from the White House press briefing violate freedom of the press?
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No. Those outlets remain free to report whatever they want to report. The 1st Amendment does not guarantee anyone access to White House press conferencesCan someone explain honestly why they got banned?
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Why is it when it rains in a baseball game the game gets postponed til further notice but in American football the players play through any weather?
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I was a house league umpire for a few years. For us, we would play in the rain until we had puddles forming. Most baseball diamonds are made with very rough dirt that can not only get extremely muddy, but can cause some nasty infections if you end up slipping in/on a puddle and cutting yourself on the rough dirt . Furthermore, when there's rain, there's often a risk of lightning. The metal cage, around the infield and home plate can conduct the electricity from the lightning and can electrocute those close to it, or those standing on the damp field. At least, that's what we were told in our training. TL;DR: Infield dirt is made of tiny sharp rocks, slipping on wet muddy field can cut and cause infections. With rain, comes a risk of lightning and electrocution from the metal bats and cage around home-plate and the infield.
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Why isn't it good to have a lot of vitamins at once?
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The difference between a thing being healthy, and a thing being unhealthy, is quantity. Vitamins are necessary for human survival, but you can also overdose on them. Overdosing on vitamins can have various dangerous effects, depending on the particular vitamin. That being said, even if you don't eat enough to suffer complications from overdosing, then it is likely excess is going to be removed from your body. In other words, you're buying expensive candy and making expensive pee.Your body can only absorb and store a certain amount of vitamins at a time. In some cases, the excess is just thrown away and wasted. In other cases, too much can actually make you sick.There are two types of vitamins: fat-soluble and water-soluble. The water soluble vitamins are more common so if you take too much of these, you'll just pee them out. They do no harm. However, the fat-soluble vitamins are very harmful because they stay in your body and if you have too much, you can get very sick. For example, if you take too much vitamin D you might experience nausea, a loss of appetite, and vomiting. This is because too much vitamin D causes calcium to build up in your blood. Taking too many vitamins can be very harmful, just like most good things.
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What would happen if you took off your helmet in space ?
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You definitely wouldn't explode or anything dramatic like that. There have been a few astronauts who were exposed to vacuum or near vacuum and were successfully revived. IIRC less than 45s or a minute is survivable.
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Why does Soda become flat(uncarbonated) when you shake it?
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Left alone, CO2 dissolved in the soda will come out of solution and go into the air. Shaking it provides way more opportunities for an individual CO2 molecule to be exposed to the air and in a position to leave the solution, so the rate of CO2 leaving the solution increases.
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What causes differences in the appearance of ice (ex. see-through vs. white)?
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It's the purity of your water. I saw it on Nat geo on a show called "going deep with David Reese" the purer the water the clearer it is', "I believe that it's mostly the air in the ice. Supposedly if you boil water and freeze it after, it should be clear.
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What exactly happens when you look at an eclipse without eye protection? Is it the same as looking directly at the sun on a normal day?
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You really should do a search before posting, but since you're here, and since I know the answer, I'll respond. Looking at a solar eclipse without eye protection is just as dangerous as looking at the sun on a normal day, and possibly even more so. You see, on a normal day, with the sun shining brightly, you may find it very difficult to stare straight at the sun, because to do so is painful. When lights hits your eyes, your pupils contract and let in less light. If the light is very bright, your pupils try even harder to contract, and that's why when you step out into bright sunlight after being in a darkened room, the sun "hurts" your eyes. That's your eyes trying very hard to contract to prevent you from taking in too much light. If you take in too much light, the solar radiation can damage your eyes and render you blind. Now, the thing about an eclipse is that you still receive just as much damaging solar radiation, but the light doesn't appear to be as bright. So when you look at the sun without eye protection, your pupils don't contract, and may even dilate, letting in even more solar radiation than usual, which could actually damage your eyes faster than if you were looking at the full, unclouded sun on a particularly bright day. And, because it's darker out and the light isn't as bright, you might not even feel any pain. That's why it's actually more dangerous to stare at the sun during an eclipse without eye protection -- you could do irreparable harm to your eyesight, and not realize it was happening until it was too lateFor the love of all that is good and pure, do a search before posting. This has been asked 4000 times in the last day.
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During a divorce why isn't custody entirely up to the child? If they're old enough to properly understand and make decisions?
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Until a child is 18, they aren't considered developed enough to be making legal decisions. They can testify and favor a parent, but it doesn't make a definitive choice. Once that child hits 18, they're allowed to live with whoever they want.As a society we like to pretend we care about "the children" but we give children zero rights at all. No matter how much children tell us they don't like something, we ignore them, all the hell we put them through is "for their own good."
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What exactly are dogs trying to find when they sniff around looking for a place to go to the bathroom?
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I think they're looking to see if other dogs/animals have left their scents around. Once they 've figured that out, they leave their own mark signifying their claim on this territory: "I know you peed here earlier but this is my land now."Looks like science has an answer: Dogs use Earth’s magnetic field to decide where to relieve themselves. [Link to article on _URL_0_]As a german, I find the American desire to not use certain words very amusing "looking for a place to go to the bathroom"? I heard they want to pee This is so crazy. I was just thinking about this last night when my dog was about to shit at least 3 times before moving to his final place. I was like "I should ask reddit" and then here you go.
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Top people on Instagram likes
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It's a formula that is, as you've stated, based on your interaction. You like their stuff, they like your stuff, Instagram realises this and makes you see more of each other. Facebook does this too and so will almost every social media site.
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What are cycles in a log-log paper? Why do the scales from one to ten keep on repeating? How does plotting on it is done?
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Now that I see your slide rule picture, I will tell you how to multiply with it. Slide the 1 on the C scale over the 2 on the D scale. Now read off under the 3 on the C scale, and you should see a 6 on the D scale, because 2X3=6 Feel free to ask questions if you don't understand anything I posted.
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What is China planning with docking their aircraft carrier in Syria?
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The middle east is in a real state of flux at the moment and the Syrian situation means that there is currently a struggle for power. Both the Russians and China are now moving in so that when the time comes, they will have a hand in dictating who comes to power, as it's in their interests to have influence in the middle east. Basically everyone is trying to get both a political and military presence and influence there, whilst at the same time not getting 'too' involved before it becomes clear which way the conflict is going to go.
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Why is personal space so exorbitantly big in Nordic countries?
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My guess would be that because of the very sparse population most of the inhabitants in the past never had to face city conditions with compact space and large crowds. Personal space gets smaller only with urbanization and Nordic countries haven't had that large urban settlements to really change the perception of personal space. But this is just my guess. The way I see it no one knows where the habit originates, but people are just used to that being the standard. And if you break from the standard, you must have a motivation to do that, which makes people feel unease as they try to think what motives people have. I'm Finnish, and once while traveling in a same group this Swiss guy who was very cool with everyone started holding hand on my shoulder while we were drinking. That was strange to me and of course I thought that he must have some ulterior motives and he's hitting on me, and I kind of had a crush on him as a result, but it turns out he was just being Swiss.
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If principle photography is done AND a teaser trailer is out, why wont the new Star Wars be in theaters until next December?
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Post Production. This is when all of the CGI, sound mixing, editing, scoring and much much more is done. Additionally, they're will probably be reshoots. Therefore, the one year gap gives them plenty of cushion time.The majority of the man hours will be done in post production. They have a lot of green screen footage, now they have to turn it into a movie. Space battles set extension character animation. Foley, sound mixing, editing, scoring, compositing. The principal photography just gives them the building blocks to work with.
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ELI11: Historically, why bladed weapons produced in the Middle-East/South Asia tended to be curved (like a scimitar), while in the West, straight (like a broadsword)?
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There's a lot of factors, and there are definitely examples of Western curved swords and Eastern straight swords . One factor is the types of armor in common use. Some types of armor protect better against slashes, others against stabbing. Straight swords tend to be thrusting weapons, usually, with a bit of chopping, while curved swords are for chopping and slicing motions . Also, the presence or absence of mounted soldiers is a factor. Certain curved swords are easier to use from horseback than a straight sword would be. There may be other reasons I'm not familiar with.
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If you don't eat meat, you're a vegetarian. But what are you called if you don't eat fish.
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No meat, but still fish = pescatarian No meat, but still able to eat eggs and such = vegatarian No meat at all, not even anything that comes from an animal = vegan
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Why is Justin Trudeaus approval rating so low?
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He's made some blunders with the Native communities with breaking a few promises. Major promises, even. Adopting the UN policy nited Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, going back on giving them the ability to beta development that affects natural resources, lifting a cap on funding for First Nations. He's kept a lot more campaign promises than he's broken, that's for sure, and it's looking like with those currently in progress his achieved promises will only be rising with the coming years. There was a point in November where he made a few blunders on some stances, including his response to Fidel Castro's death, and the approval of 2 out of 3 proposed pipelines. Come December: a lavish meeting he had for the Trudeau Foundation and rich, Chinese lobbyists were about. Same issue Clinton had running through her campaign. This January: Alberta residents are unhappy about his phasing out oil sands as our economical driver . All of these saw him finally drop below 50% approval, but he's still higher than the last few PMs at this point. [If you're curious about how he's holding up with his promises, there's record of that]", 'Canada's population still remains mostly conservative because there are more elderly citizens in the country than younger millennials. The Liberal government is relatively new when compared to the long-reigning Conservative government that was only replaced a year ago. Many attitudes still remain with the conservatives because as progressive as Canada may seem, the outspoken "old-stock" Canadians resent the liberal agenda. Here's an interesting article to give you an idea. _URL_1_
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How do Micro SD cards store information, and what are the advances that make new ones able to store more information than older ones?
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All sorts of solid state memory store data in super tiny capacitors. New ones can store more because manufacturing improvements have allowed more storage to be affordable. Companies only make things that people buy.It's mostly the improvements in manufacturing methods that leads to capacity increase. Most notably the ability to manufacture smaller transistors stacked on top of each other in multiple layers.
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In "older" shows and movies, why are the shots used for cross fades, of lower quality than the rest of the shots.
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The short answer is loss of information. EDIT: still same short answer, but I think the 'optical printed dissolves' as the correct answer. Leaving the rest for reference. -- Historically, most video is/was compressed using YUV planes, where the Y plane is the luminance and the UV planes are the chroma . Older color television has UV planes that are half the quality of the luminance . It's a great compression technique, but it's one that loses information . It's how black and white TVs were able to show color television programs: the color information was separate . Not all video is encoded this way, but they are almost all 'lossy' compression techniques. The better ones will encode from one frame to the next using deltas . In this manner, more of the information channel can be used on the delta and more information preserved. Now, imagine fading two scenes with entirely different sets of information. Delta information doesn't help because the scene isn't a minor change from the previous, but an entire screen change. The bandwidth of the information channel is maxed out. Variable Bitrate formats help dynamically add bandwidth to the information channel, but even then you start clipping . Next, your screen has a limited range of colors that it can represent. Generally speaking, you don't notice because color is relative. However, if the relative colors of one scene is completely different than that of the next scene, blending the two together will produce colors that can't be represented by the TV screen. This is basically what High Dynamic Range is supposed to address. It has higher precision color channels that can store more information. Unfortunately, to display HDR images they almost always need to be converted down to LDR. More information loss. Source: Video game programmer for 10+ years.
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Why does nausea seem to come in waves?
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It can come in waves as the natural movement is reversed, and involuntary contractions in the walls of the stomach and esophagus force the stomach contents out', "To throw up is generally an unhealthy action. It's normally best to keep whats in your tummy in your tummy. Throwing up is an EXTREME reaction that your body only resorts to in dire emergencies. Your tummy tries one big heave and hopes that does the trick because it doesn't want to try again Then it pauses to re-evaluate the emergency. Did that one heave do the finish the job? Yes. Good. Not going to belch again. -OR- No, after ascertaining the situation I require more barfing. The cycle doesn't stop till it's all out.
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What does it mean to be an American?
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Where you are free to have your own thoughts and live your life the way you desire within the limitations of the lawTo be an American you must either be born on American territory, born to an American parent or go through the process to be an American citizen.
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How do game developers secure their code for their game in that way that it simply won't be copied by any other game company/game developer?
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Most games are written in C++. When you program something in C++ you run the code through a program called a compiler, which turns it into a form that the computer can run. You can't get back to the code that was originally written from that, too much information is thrown away. It is possible to inspect this compiled to code to reverse engineer or hack parts of the software. But reverse engineering it into something usable to make a new game is way more difficult than it would be writing the code for your game from scratch.
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When a town or a city elects a dog or a cat for mayor, how does that end up working?
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It is never official. Typically it only occurs in unincorporated towns where they don't have government at anything lower than the county level. Such communities will often elect an unofficial mayor as sort of a spokesman. Since there are no real laws covering this, there is nothing stopping them from getting silly from time to time.They hire an appointee to smoke crack cocaine for him/her and blow in in their face. Dogs are less keen on this change than cats.
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Why is an excess of (salty) saliva produced when about to vomit?
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The belief is that it's to protect your teeth. Stomach acid is very destructive to tooth enamel. Saliva helps dilute and neutralize the acid.
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Why have Christianity and Islam been so successful?
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They are both religions that place a heavy emphasis on evangelizing and spreading the word, and were both adopted by peoples who were highly mobile, both as traders and invadersChristanity was a slave/servant religion with many of the early converts filling this role in addition to former Jews filling the ranks. Acts of martyrdom committed by Jesus, most of the apostles and the other followers of the faith helped stir emotion in favor of Christianity. The wife of Roman Emperor Constantine helped convince him to end persecution of Christians and eventually convert. Meanwhile Christian missionaries spread through Europe and The Middle East. Eventually pagan tribes adopt the customs but choose to force conquered people to convert. Islam spread in a similar way, though Muhammad was a known war lord. Through centuries of warfare they conquered and persecuted many non Muslim peoples in the Middle East, Africa and parts of Souther Europe and Eastern Europe. This militant attitude was forged after Muhammad faced persecution in the region, it also aided in securing alliances with the war tribes in the region as they had grown accustomed to raiding their neighbors. The Ottoman Empire was an Islamic Empire which conquered Constantinople and killed or expelled any non Muslims who refused to convert or pay the infidel tax. The Ottoman Empire was responsible for much of the Islamic Power in the Middle East for roughly 500 years. Post WWII many Muslims migrated to Europe to aid in the rebuilding of the various governments. There have also been many mission trips including one where a Muslim explorer met vikings. Sources: Christianity Segment is from multiple books written over the history of Christianity. Islam Segment is from Tamir Ansary's book detailing Islamic History, "Destiny Disrupted"', "Also, both religions offer an amazing afterlife, if you follow the rules. It was a pretty good pitch for vast majority of people who's earthlife prospects were not too promising.
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How E. Coli bacteria contaminates vegetables.
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Poop from cows, chickens, etc., is used to fertilize vegetables. Sometimes, that poop contains bacteria like e. coli which gets on the outside of the vegetables. If the vegetables aren't cleaned before people eat it, then people can get sick. The easiest way to keep yourself safe is to always wash your vegetables before eating them.
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How did they get the carriages into the Glasgow underground?
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There is an above ground depot at govan with tracks leading between the depot and the main lines. The depot was built in the 70s, prior to that the cars were craned in through a hole
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Why do most countries limit work/travel visas to 30 years age or less?
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I think the type of working holiday visas that allow people to stay for a year and work a while doing so, is usually restricted to age 18-30, because it is primarily intended for students who take a year abroad. There tend to be plenty of other visa types that don't limit the age of the applicant like this.Would it not also have to do with the, for lack of a better term "use" of a younger person over a slightly older one? That same reason its harder for a older person to get a mortgage or find new work.older the age = more likely to develop health issues sooner, retires sooner, get married and start a family in the country they are meant to just be "working" in. Im no expert but I would assume these all lend themselves to governments deciding on visa age restrictions
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how does the tab on the rear-view mirror work? Dimming bright lights but still letting you see out the back window
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There is a piece of glass in front of the mirror that is angled away from you when the tab is in its normal position. In the normal position you are looking at the reflection from the mirror and not the glass. When you flip the tab the mirror becomes tilted so it no longer reflects the light toward your eyes, but the glass is now angled correctly to reflect the light into your eyes. When you flip the tab you are actually looking at the reflection from the glass instead of the mirror which is much dimmer. Sorry if that's not the best explanation, but [here's] a picture that hopefully helps.
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how does urinating after sex prevent a UTI if the urethra and vagina are not connected?
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Penis goes in and out. Penis rubs vagina juice against urethra at every stroke. Pee to cleanse out Vagina juice from Urethra. The endThe urinary tract is the tube that connects the bladder to the exterior and where the urine flows. Peeing flushes away anything that may have entered the urinary tract.The simple answer is because the motions of sex can push bacteria and other crap up the urethra, as it's located right above the vaginal opening, and the act of peeing after sex basically helps to shove it all back out again, thus preventing any foreign bacteria from being present in the urethra to cause any infections. Some women are more sensitive to the natural flora and bacteria of a particular person, which is why some women can get repeated UTIs from sex with a specific person and not from others. Good penis hygiene can somewhat help with that
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Why does the United States still choose to retain Imperial units?
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It's a legacy system thats been in place for hundreds of years and covers over 300 million people across 3.8 million square miles . It's not something you just flip a switch on. It would be like suggesting that countries switch what side of the road they are driving on. Logistically it's just not worth it. Many things in the US like consumer products are either based on the metric system or have both metric and imperial measurements on the package. Yes I agree that the metric system makes much more sense from a pure logic standpoint, but being 55 years old, my brain just doesn't think metric as a first response. Like many, I can roughly convert most measurements in my head, and when that doesn't work, it's easy enough just to Google the conversion. As /u/platoprime said in an earlier response, we don't just get together and vote on it every July. Hope that helps
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When I'm sick, why do my nostrils take turns in being blocked/stuffy?
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Even when you aren't sick your nostrils go through a cycle ) where one becomes partially blocked and the other does all the work. You just notice it more when you are sick.
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What is holding us back from making a space elevator right now?
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we don't have a material strong enough to make the elevator shaft. all materials we have today would simply snap from its own weight if we make it 250 miles long and tried to dangle it like a string.No material currently exists with the required properties for the elevator. First we need to invent something strong enough to withstand the huge forces on the elevator "cable" while also light enough not to collapse under its own weight. Then we need to invent a way to manufacture a huge amount of that stuff to an extremely high standard of quality. Once we have those two challenges tackled we just need a couple trillion dollars worth of funding and a few decades to actually build the thing.
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When driving and getting tired to the point where falling asleep is a real concern, why does simply pulling over and getting out of the car for a minute re-energize you so much?
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Like the other comment said, you're getting your blood flowing. In addition, switching up the task you are performing keeps your brain engaged. If you're driving in a downtown area where you have to watch other drivers, check for pedestrians, switch lanes often, etc. you are probably not falling asleep because there are several different stimuli that you have to focus on. On the opposite end, when driving on a long stretch of road with cruise control on and not having to worry about other people on/around the road you are more likely to get tired. You're only focusing on one thing which doesn't take much focus and attention on your part. Getting out of the car and stretching not only helps your circulation and blood flow, but also helps get your brain and body out of the hypnotic state that driving down a highway staring at lines on the road puts you in.blood flow and oxygen are integral to how and on what level your brain preforms, so much so that your mental state can change drastically with only a slight change in either or both of those.
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What are the heights of mountains measured against on planets without seas?
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The Datum. Simply put, imagine running a bulldozer over the surface, smoothing down everything that sticks up, and using that stuff to fill in all the troughs and holes. The resulting surface is the referenceIt is based off of a specific atmospheric pressure. The earth has 29.92 inches of HG at "sea level." It depends on pressure. When pressure varies from 29.92 then it can be at, above or below On Mars, they chose 610.5 Pascals as "sea level." 29.92in/hg = 101320.75 Pascals for reference. Then they use scientific instruments from orbiting satellites to measure the height or depth in relation to that frame of reference. Zero elevation on the Moon is just average diameter. Edit: [Mars frame of reference updated in 2001]', "Isn't there a bigger mountain under the sea?
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if rain falls down when clouds are fully condensed, why does it sometimes drizzle, and other times it rains heavily?
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Drizzle happens when there isn't a strong updraft to keep the water in the clouds. When there is a stronger upward air current, the water can keep combining with other water droplets and grow larger. The stronger the upward current, the bigger the drops. Oh, I forgot to add that drizzle comes from lower Stratus clouds and rain falls from the big bubbley Cumulus clouds
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Why don’t airports and air travel companies update from the staticky ATC systems to something that is able to be more clearly heard and understood.
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Your cellphone also loses signal if it goes into a tunnel. Your cellphone is fm radio, pretty, nice, but weak signal. Plans are on lower frequencies, AM radio. Shittier quality but a much stronger signal strength.The static is a result of the Amplitude Modulation used in the ATC system. AM varies the radio output directly proportional to the input. If you play a continuous 400hz tone, the radio wave will vary at 400hz. The circuitry to modulate and demodulate is very simple compared to FM. The static comes from interferences in the atmosphere. With higher quality modulations, such as digital modes, it is all or nothing. If the digital packet can't decode correctly, no audio will play. With AM, you will get audio, even if it is staticy. ATC is considered a critical communication, so simplicity is preferred.
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why would an international football team have a goalie that's never saved a penalty in his career?
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Firstly, he's young for an international keeper so will have faced less penalties skewing the statistic. Secondly, saving penalties is a tiny fraction of what a goalie has to do.
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Why is it so annoying to touch something fuzzy right after I clip my fingernails?
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Because your nails snag the fuzzy thing. I can't stand it, so I file my nails after clipping them.
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