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Why can a 20 minute video take 5 minutes to upload onto YouTube and then the same video, take 40 minutes uploading to Google Drive?
One is a profitable platform that generates revenue. One is a service mostly used for sharing in group formats or as a personal cloud storage. I'd guess one has a better server than the other.
Why does a full circle equal 360 degrees?
It's just a convention. We could also measure the angle in radians where 2*pi = 360º . We could also measure it in terms of a percentage , but aside from tightening bolts/pipe threads, this is an uncommon way to measure angles.Short answer: There aren’t so much 360 degrees in a circle as a circle was assigned to be 360 degrees by the ancients. That tradition and similar ones have lasted in much of the industrialized world today.
Why do video game console makers lose money from consoles regardless of success and popularity?
Console manufacturers also manufacture other things. Microsoft makes operating systems and other computer hardware and accessories, and everyone knows about Sony and their TV's and stereos and whatnot. They also sell their online services that need regular renewal and that are often required for multiplayer gaming.
- If some company were to start selling EpiPens at $100 instead of $600 would they not make tons of money from the millions of people wanting to only buy from them?
The stuff inside the EpiPen isn't the issue. It's the delivery mechanism. The *way* the EpiPen works is what's unique. There are alternatives but it's the best both in terms of medication and how to get in into a person.There are already alternatives available to "EpiPens". Some of these alternatives are Adrenaclick, Auvi-Q, Symjepi Adrenaclick is available at CVS as a two pack for $10 It's absurd that anyone would pay $600 for an EpiPenGiven that Mylan is an abusive monopoly, is anything that the FDA or any other government agency could do to either lower the price or break them or something similar?', "Don't you love when things you need in order to survive cost crazy amounts of money, mostly just because the businesses know you need to buy it, so they raise the price?
Moles. How do they form? And are there people who don't have any of them? Is it even possible to not have any birthmarks or moles at all?
they're cells from the neuroektoderm there due to an error in their migration, the cells have lost their dendrites and are therefore rounded as opposed to normal melanozytes. it is possible to have none at birth and it is also possible to gain new ones.On a related note, can anyone explain this? I’ve noticed that within families, if the mom and/or dad have a lot of moles than the kids do too and vice versa. Is there something genetic about them?', "I have one mole. It's my only mole and when I was younger I didn't like it so I tried picking it off but alas 20 years later and it's still here. Also got this spot that looks like someone spilled chocolate milk in the shape of New Jersey near my wee so I guess that's my birth mark.My brain went through both chemistry and wondering if I should have a pet mole before I realized you were asking about birthmarks. Anyway, there are two types of moles. Melanin is the chemical that determines the color of your skin, and in some spots it collects more than usual and causes a birthmark. Other birthmarks can be caused by problems with blood vessels, like if you have too many or they are extra wide. So, you can totally have someone who doesn’t have either of these characteristics just as you could have someone who has big port wine stains on their face due to abnormal blood vessels. It just isn’t very common, but is totally possible.Moles are skin cells that have acquired mutations resulting in a neomorphism that ends up being arrested by cellular checkpoint systems, preventing them from blowing up into full blown cancers. That's why if you see an irregularly shaped mole , you should see a dermatologist right away.My maternal grandfather and I have a small brown mole in the exact same spot on our right arms. Same color, same size, same location. Always considered it hereditary.They're totally normal to have or not have, but if you notice them grow or change in shape you should have them checked.
How do Dimensions work?
First, let's change the word dimension to variable. The most familiar variables you're used to are probably the one's we typically use in describing space in Cartesian coordinates. But you can have other ways of describing things in space! As an example, you can use the radius, theta and phi . [_URL_0_] You can also have things like an imaginary dimension, so you can plot things like the imaginary numbers like the square root of negative numbers. [_URL_5_] In math, you actually can have an infinite number of dimensions, because you can have an infinite number of variables. People do a lot of this in linear algebra: [_URL_4_] So in short - more dimensions just means more variables. It just so happens the most common ones we talk about are the cartesian ones , and in sci fi they'll talk about time as another variable . If you wanted to add more complexity, you'd just keep adding more dimensions. This is actually something that is used in robotics quite frequently when you're doing something complicated like controlling a robotic arm. Each subsection of the arm is operating on its own axis, so you typically want to do change of base work to calculate the end position of the robots arm as a function of the preceding axes: [_URL_6_]
Why don’t we feel the Earth rotate if it’s spinning so fast?
For the same reason you don't feel speed in an airplane - you feel acceleration, not motion.
If the US is a secular state why does the dollar bill say "in God we trust"
Because the U.S. is not a 'secular state'. The Establishment clause precludes the affiliation of the federal governments with a specific institution of religion. So the government can't require you join the Catholic Church or give special favoritism to the Church of Latter-day Saints. However, generally pro-religion sentiments do not violate this premise.
How did old hand-drawn animation achieve such consistent color?
If I'm not mistaken, Adam Savage , former ILM) has discussed this before and recalled the days where he would have to paint the different layers on the cell and work out what colour it would be based on where it is on the stack. The further down, the more the colour changed, so they'd need to know how many layers the image was and then adjust each layer to colour correct for it.The paint is paint- as long as you have it thick enough to be opaque, it looks the same if you apply extra anywhere. This was also necessary because it was layered over a background. Anything not opaque would be partially transparent when laid over the background. So it had to be opaque Keeping the paint look *identical* was a big thing. The backgrounds were often watercolor. It was not possible to anything other than scroll it around, it must be static. Because you can't repaint animation cells in watercolor with any consistency. Thus the Scooby Doo "secret door" or "something hiding behind a bush" being so obvious. If it opened or the bush shakes, that's animation so it has to be painted cells laid on a static watercolor background.Unrelated to actual painting per se, but not every color on the cel was redrawn. They'd use layers much like Photoshop and sometimes just change the head that moved slightly while using the rest of the drawing/painting from the previous cel. It's also why lots of cartoon characters wore ties.
why are most states’ capitals not their largest city?
Often, a state capitol will be the largest city, but from some other point in time, and over time, other cities will outgrow the capitol. Other factors may also contribute to the capitol's placement; such as proximity to other cities, centrality, and convenience.For the original colonies and the early states, the governments avoided making the largest cities capitals because of the fear of rebellion and what could happen if cities with large populations revolted and at the same time were state capitals. The state government would’ve easily been taken over by a rebel mob in that case. That’s why New York’s capital is far from NYC for example.
Why does an extra proton here or there make such a difference in the properties of an element?
If you are collecting the 151 original Pokemon cards, and you only have 30 or 50, it's no big deal. But if you only need 1 or 2 cards to complete your collection, you are a little more dangerous. You are more likely to spend a lot of money on packs, to buy a card outright, or even steal a card outright. But once you have a full collection, you are less likely to care if someone wants to trade cards. If you are a group of a handful of protons, and you are missing one electron to complete your valence shell, you are way more likely to want to cut throats to get that last electron. If you have a full collection, you wouldn't care about anyone or anything because you are already complete. Ultimately, gold medalists are happy, bronze medalists are happy, and silver medalists are miserable.
Why is it so necessary to leave a tip in the US?
Because in the U.S., in almost every circumstance, servers are paid *well below minimum wage* because the government assumes they will be compensated with tips. There are a couple of jobs, like servers, that are exempt from minimum wage standards for this exact reason. It's stupid and only serves the restaurant/employer to pay their employees poorly, and we the customers are expected to compensate their employees on their behalf. If no one tipped servers, they would make $2 an hour. So in the U.S., you absolutely MUST tip or else you're an asshole. And yes, there are many assholes in America who don't tip. Very different situation from the rest of the world.Servers and bartenders in the United States are not paid an hourly “living wage.” They are simply not able to survive on the amount the restaurant pays them. They rely on the tips they receive to buy groceries, pay rent, etc. In many countries, the restaurants factor their servers’ wages into the cost of the food and drinks they provide, so tipping is not always essential. But in the US, it is not that way. In most of the United States, servers are paid $2 to $4 per hour. With our relatively high cost of living, there is no way anyone could survive on that amount of money.Waiters/servers usually get paid less than minimum wage and usually depend on customer's tips to make what someone who isn't serving would. Other jobs work similarly. I worked as a delivery driver for a pizza company and got paid $5.50 per hour plus whatever tip I made from deliveries.
Why do car seatbelts have one strap whereas airplane pilot seatbelts have two straps?
Cars are more likely to take on abrupt but survivable impacts. The seatbelts on a plane aren't for a crash from the air so much as to keep you in your seat during heavy turbulence.Car self belts are meant to protect you in a crash.Airplane seat belts is just there so when there’s a crash, the police can identify the bodies if they’re seated at the right place
How can an 2D animated movies or shows have multiple animators whilst maintaining a consistent art style?
That's kind of a funny question form the perspective of someone who used to draw A LOT. Usually, when you start getting interested in drawing, the FIRST THING you do is mimicking. You try to reproduce your favorite artist's style, then switch to other artists as you evolve, and finally get your own style, but that's the end of the road : the whole road has been mimicking and being more or less inspired by other artists. Even more so when you go to art school and you're supposed to draw EXACTLY what is shown to you. TL;DR : basically, being good at drawing is having the technique that allows you to draw anything, regardless of style, and if you've been drawing for a long time, chances are you've spent 50-70% of that time mimicking others.Basically there are Key Frame animators who design the main elements, scenes and characters. There are also "in betweener" animators who design frames in between major frames thusly keeping the style the same. The in betweeners are generally outsourced in some cases and make far less money and work much more than the key frame animators. They also work off of character model sheets that show expressions, poses, etc. Those are designed by the character designers. Hope this helps!!!
How are really tall buildings able to withstand high winds?
Few different ways. As other people have pointed out, they'll have weights that can weigh hundreds of tons to counteract any sway. Another way though is to shape the building to cope with the wind. Many skyscrapers will get thinner as you go up since the wind gets faster the higher you go. This is super notice with the [Burj Khalifa] since it really embraces this look. Next, you know how planes and ships will have smoothe edges so they can move through the air/water faster? Well the same applies to stationary buildings. You can go [thin and pointy] with the pointy end in the same direction as the wind, [twisted and curvy] so the wind can flow off the surface instead of hitting it head on, [get really twisted] so the wind hugs the building but pushes itself upward and away, or [literally just punch a hole] in the top so the wind has somewhere to easily go. Great video by Vox on this: _URL_2_
Do we lose metal forever when it rusts?
Yes - *if* you can keep the rust around. Rust is just iron that has combined with oxygen, and if you heat the rust enough, it will break the bonds, release the oxygen, and give you pure molten iron. Straightforward enough. In fact, most of the iron we mine out of the ground comes out as some form of iron oxide - chemically similar to rust. The problem is that iron oxide wears away much more easily than iron. That's why you can polish or scrub it off of metal. The rust becomes dust in the air or water, which makes it very hard to collect and recycle. Say you dropped an iron pan into a big aquarium and left it there for a long time. Eventually the whole thing would rust and dissolve into the water. You could boil or filter the water and reclaim the rust particles from it, and then melt that back into iron. But in the real world, mostly the rust is going to get blown away, washed away, or even intentionally scrubbed away as part of the restoration process.Metals are elements. There are iron atoms, and unless a nuclear change occurs to them they remain iron. Rusting is a chemical change when iron bonds to oxygen. It is still iron, just with oxygen. So no iron is lost. And you can separate the iron and the oxygen.We mostly do, because we don't collect or recycle rust or aluminum oxide. We *could*, iron ore is mostly some sort of rust, but nobody does.
In tv shows and movies, why do really giant people/creatures always move so slow?
Antman makes no sense. Especially when you consider his weight shouldn't change. Smaller nervous system would allow it to react faster. Inverse is true too.Look at how fast a mouse or lizard can move compared to you. Greater mass = slower speed for living creatures.
Could the world eventually become one race through the interbreeding of races over time?
Yes, and no. In a perfect scenario where everyone interbred equally you could achieve this. However, in practice, even just two communities who live in different environments and do not interbreed equally will eventually grow to have different genetic developments that are specific to their situation. This will become a much larger problem once we colonize space. The reality is that, without FTL, *Humanity* might be sending out the colonization ships, but it sure won't be Humanity who will colonize those stellar bodies when they arrive. Throw a few ten thousand years over it and those people will have evolved in way different ways.This is much more of a cultural question than a biological one. Race is very difficult to define scientifically. For example, SPECIES is quite easy to define: "the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction". Homo sapiens is a species. We cannot reproduce sexually with chimpanzees. Race is not so easy to define scientifically. It is something that is mostly defined culturally. Seems that part of human behavior is to create meaningful categories that have assigned values. Skin tone sometimes. Accent sometimes. Language sometimes. Shape of nose sometimes. It seems unlikely that humans will ever be able to overcome this.Race is an imagined and completely superficial construct anyways. It's literally only skin deep. Becoming one race is more about changing attitudes and how we treat each other. At some point, the skin color someone has should become as irrelevant as the color of their eyes or whether they're left or right handed, both things that have been used as the justification for discrimination less than 100 years ago. People who discriminate on skin color will find something else to focus their hatred on anyways. Haters gonna hate. Doesn't mean you have to be one.
What's the digital process of lowering the quality of a photo or video? Also is the opposite process a thing or just movie things?
The process itself depending on algorithm. But generally, algorithm tries to analyze an image and find it's less significant details and then remove it. For example if you have three gray pixels in a row with middle one just barely darker, algorithm could decide that this color deviation isn't important and make it same color as neighbouring pixels. Less details - less information - less bytes to store this image/video. But doing opposite is well, technically impossible . As u/Pocok5 mentioned, there's exists algorithms that actually could restore lost information, but that just means such an algorithm should store information about which details usually getting lost, how they appear, when and where. So, basically, that means that we store such information not in image/video data, but in algorithm itself, but still we need some bytes to store it, sometimes even more than in uncompressed file. And such process is not accurate, it just gives us resulting image that looks same **quality**, but not same **image**. For example, if we had a picture of a grassy plain, which is compressed so we couldn't see any plant details, we theoretically can improve it and see an actual plants with a leaves, which will look naturally, but that'll be a completely different plants, not having anything in common with the original image except that it's a same looking grassy plain.
Why is it that babies like being rocked to sleep yet as we get older rocking can be uncomfortable such as on a boat?
I don't think that rocking becomes uncomfortable as we get older. Many people like rocking chairs, for example. Boat rocking or airplane turbulence is uncomfortable because it's not steady, it's uncontrollable, and can be dangerous . But slow and gentle rocking at a steady pace that you're in control of? That shit is the tits.
What role do companies like Visa and MasterCard play in credit cards and why can’t banks issue their own cards?
Every bank *does issue their own cards.* You don't get a card from Visa or Mastercard, you get it from your bank. The Visa/MC logo on the front of the card just says that transactions go through the Visa/MC network for processing. Visa/MC just provide a standard way of communicating between the stores and banks. If you didn't have Visa/MC, every bank would need to create their own transaction network & every store would need to have accounts *with every single bank* in order to process transaction.
Wisdom teeth extraction - couldn’t it be simpler?
I'm not sure if you are under the impression that all wisom tooth removals require surgery, but they can often be done as an extraction like any other tooth.
What is gerrymandering and how does it happen?
ELI5 does not allow current events. Questions about the US are generally better in r/askanamerican, and given that there are many possible answers to your question about “how do we solve the problem” I'd put it somewhere else for that reason too, since ELI5 also does not allow subjective content. TL;DR Politicians like their voters close to one another and separate from voters with other preferences and priorities . This can result in [oddly-shaped districts,] and indeed the word “gerrymander” comes from the name of the man in question ) and the perception that the district he formed looked somewhat like a salamander .
Why does it seem so challenging now to send a manned crew to the moon, when we were able to accomplish this over 50 years ago?
AFAIK, it's a relatively ~~low~~ high cost to benefit ratio. In other words, it would cost A LOT of time & money to make it happen, with not a lot of benefit. That being said, there are plans to use the moon as a 'base' for further exploration . So if/when it comes time for that, there will be much larger benefits to having people on the moon, so it will be likelier to happen.In large part it’s because the politics have changed. Fifty years ago we were scared of the communist threat, and constantly in competition with the USSR . Russia was trying to send men to the moon, so we had to do it first. Nowadays there’s not as much funding or government/public interest in space exploration, so it’s kind of fallen to the wayside.We decided to scrap the Saturn 5 rocket program in favor of the shuttle program for safety and costreasons. In doing so we forfeited the ability to travel to higher orbits as the shuttle only performs in low orbit. Sending a manned expedition to the Moon was no longer possible. This wasn't a problem as automated systems eliminated the need for such manned missions. Fast forward to today, we still don't have a rocket powerful enough to travel to the Moon because we haven't had any need to build such a rocket. Further, our safety standards are higher then they were making such a program even more expensive.
Why has split screen gaming disappeared?
One of the issues that hasn't been mentioned is that FFA deathmatch and small game modes like 2v2 have also fallen out of favor. By far the most popular games are team based shooters or wide open battle royale games where 4 players are far less fun.They have to implement Internet multiplayer anyway, because it's expected, and because there's a much larger market of people who want to play multiplayer but can't be bothered to get together in meatspace. Adding another multiplayer mode adds some dev costs. And it actually reduces sales. Because now you don't need to buy your own copy of the game if you only want to play multiplayer with your friend group. I don't buy arguments about pushing the console to the limits. Yes, you now have to render the scene 4 times, but each render only covers 1/4 of the pixels, so it basically cancels out. You might need to slightly lower the graphics settings for split-screen multiplayer if you really were pushing the hardware to its limits , but people will just accept itIt’s resource extensive in some cases; can’t have two separate Skyrim characters running around and even golden eye ran at maybe 12 frames with four people. Also it’s fundamentally broken in certain games like fpss or rtss where screen peeking can occur.Most games that have it, it fits the game design, like rocket league, lovers in a dangerous space time, and overcooked. AAA has just shifted it standard as more people are playing online and its worth more to invest in those concurrent players.
What are the benefits of leasing a car over buying one?
There aren't, don't do it. Only benefit is if you are well off and just enjoy swapping cars out a lot and don't want to bother selling.
Why do the Japanese refer to themselves with their family names in public? When is it okay to call them by their first names?
That doesn't strike me as particularly odd. Even in America if you're being formal or just distant from someone you may refer to them as Mr/Ms Lastname.
When you exercise your muscles ache afterwards, so how come your heart doesn’t ache after doing cardio?
when your heart isn't getting an adequate supply it does ache, its known as angina and if progression takes place, heart attack.Iirc, The reason your muscles hurt is because of micro tears from the strain of a work out that cause a build up of lactic acid. This acid is what makes you sore. The heart doesn't tear like your other muscles do. And there's not as many pain receptor around your heart as there are around the surface of your body. For example, if someone feels a wierd pain shoot down your left arm , it could mean you're having a heart attack . This is because there's not enough pain receptors by the heart for it to tell you hurts, so it sends the signal elsewhere. That's also why you don't "feel" most of your visceral organs, just their effects on the body. Like the thumping of your heart. It's been a while though, so please correct anything I got wrong. Edit: fixed point about referred painIn some people their heart does ache after putting stress on it- angina. But that is not a good thing!There are no pain receptors in the heart. Chest pain indicating heart trouble is ancillary pain in the region.
Do we really need to get our wisdom teeth removed? And what takes place after your wisdom teeth are removed? Do they just come back?
i didn't do anything on my wisdom teeths and all four came out all natural and perfect. The push through the gum might irritate a bit for a few days .After the push-through they might take like half a year to fully grow out.
Why do most video games only run on Windows and not Mac OS?
Because almost 90% of all computers use Windows. Most developers don't want to bother making games that less than 10% of computers can run. [Desktop OS Market Share]
Why do frozen, raw chicken products keep getting recalled for salmonella? Wouldn’t the solution be to cook the product properly? All raw chicken could contain salmonella.
It's because there is no way to guarantee that everyone will cook the chicken properly and, even if they do, there's no way to guarantee that all of the salmonella is killed by cooking. It's much safer and cheaper to recall chicken than to sell contaminated chicken and then have to spend resources treating the infected people or have people die.
How does one develop a "taste" for a food or beverage that they initially disliked?
Most of the foods I've learned to like I ate when I was really hungry. I guess I'm less picky the hungrier I get and maybe my taste buds are more open-minded? In the end it creates a positive memory of the flavor and I learn to like whatever food I was eating.
Why don’t saltwater fish absorb the salinity of the oceans and taste salty?
Everyone is saying that the salt get filtered out but I'm not so sure about that. I had shark once and it was too salty for me
How did large congregations of people hear speeches (i.e. Lincoln's address, and countless other older speeches) without the use of microphones?
I think crowds were much quieter and listened. Because of PA systems people in crowds are much louder because they can be. The PA system at a basketball game, for example, is insanely loud. As a result, people in the audience are yelling at the person next to them. It's like an arms race.
Why isn't solar energy widely used?
I'll assume you are referring to solar to electric systems. The largest problem aside from getting panels would be storing the energy for use later. Batteries are expensive and don't last as long as a panel.
why are wind turbines shaped like that? Would having wider blades or more than three blades give them more energy conversion for a given wind?
It's a simple cost/effectiveness measure. More blades = more cost. You've gotta remember that those blades aren't simple static blades. They move, they turn into the wind or out of the wind depending on how fast the wind is blowing, kinda like how a helicopter blades pitch to get more or less lift. Therefore, in stormy weather they can completely turn into the wind to stop from spinning too fast and burning out the generator. 3 blades is also the fewest number of blades required to achieve balance to prevent wear on the likely incredibly expensive bearings. Also, these blades are MASSIVE have you ever seen one being transported? Fewer blades = less transport costs. Google for some pictures, it's actually pretty funny. They dwarf even semi trucks. Finally, noise. Fewer, larger blades = less noise. More, smaller blades = more noise. Noise = bad.Wider blades "catch" more air than thin blades, which translates to greater torque. But speed matters more than torque when generating electricity via spinning magnetic fields. Furthermore, wider blades require more materials, both for the blades themselves and for a more robust tower to mount them on. Extra material means extra cost for each turbine, and since it takes many, many turbines to cover a given area, minimizing the cost per turbine is a priorityToo many blades would probably create too much drag. The blade shape is pretty much optimized.
Other than allowing people to believe whatever they want, what legal protection does Freedom of Religion actually offer?
It doesn't give any additional rights-but neither does any amendment except the 14th- it just creates a second level of protection from government discriminating unfairly against a religion. The establishment clause is related, but distinct legally. > The Court examined whether the state of South Carolina violated the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment in denying unemployment benefits to a person for turning down a job, because it required him or her to work on the Sabbath. The Court ruled 7-2 that the South Carolina statute did impede a person’s right to freely exercise religion, in violation of the Free Exercise Clause. ) Whether the gov could or would ban circumcision would be about free exercise, at least for jews, but Reynolds v US outlawed polygamy even though it was central to mormonism, there are limits to free exercise and all the others.
Why fried chicken is so common but fried beef is nowhere to be found?
I don't think you're looking hard enough. Beef is fried in Chinese / Americhinese cuisine, prime example being Panda Express' Beijing Beef - essentially 'beef nuggets' that are deep fried then sauced. Beef is also stir-fried in a lot of other cuisines. In Asia, Central, and South America. But it seems like you're specifically asking about batter and deepfry rather than pan frying or stir frying, right? In that case, while still not 'nowhere to be found' it is rarer than chicken. But off the top of my head there are: - above-mentioned beijing beef or similar asian dishes.- types of middle-eastern kibbeh, a deep-fried food.- schnitzel and katsu type dishes.- some burgers are deep-fried in tallow or lard -- there are likely other dishes, and probably a lot more dishes if we include any type of frying and not just deep frying. I think the core reason though is desired doneness and moisture content. Poorer people stir-fry / bread and fry shitty cuts of beef to make them more desirable, while expensive cuts are usually desired for their moisture and juiciness so it'd be counterintuitive to deep fry. Source: am hungry
What makes burner/trap phones untraceable by the police?
Burner phones are almost always pre-paid phones. These are phones that you can buy from stores like Walmart or Bestbuy. They already have numbers programmed into them and the purchase price includes a certain amount of minutes/data that you can use. IE: You pay $100 for a phone, it includes 1GB of data or 500 minutes of talk and has a phone number programmed into it. You do not have to register or sign up for service, so your name and address are not tied to anything about the phone. & #x200B; These phones are not impossible to trace, it's just a lot more difficult. The police would have to work with the store to look at their security camera footage from the time the phone was purchased. If they're lucky and the video quality is good enough to make out a face, and if they can recognize it, then they'll be able to track their suspect.
Why do some gasses have an odour while others are odourless?
Around electronics or electrical applicanaces, you often smell ozone. Ozone is created when oxygen molecules in the presence of a lot of energy, fuse together to form a 3 atom molecule instead of a 2 atom molecule . We can't smell oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc. normally because we literally are breathing that in all the time. Our bodies are good at ignoring something we smell all the time. You notice how if you are in the presence of a noxious odor, after a little while it doesn't seem as bad? Our bodies ignore that signal after a while. So gasses we smell all the time we don't even smell any more. I think evolutionarily speaking, this is good so we notice when the smell changes or we smell something different, such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, etc. that can be dangerous to us.
Why can’t we remember things that happened before we were 6-8 years old?
I don't know that's necessarily true. I clearly remember kindergarten and first grade. My brothers were in the US Navy when I was born. They are 17 and 19 years older than me. I was about 2 years old when their ship was in port, and my parents took me to visit. I I remember walking along the deck, my hands being held, then being seated in the cockpit of one of the fighters. I asked my brother if this was a false memory, my imagination or true: he said it was true, he put me in the pilot's seat.
My apartment key opens my own door, but also the communal laundry room, communal basement and communal elevator keyhole. How does that work?
A lock works with pins that prevent the tumbler from turning. The pins are in two parts. When the key pushes the pins up to the right level, the top part of the pin is fully in the body of the lock, the bottom part remains in the tumbler. This allows the tumbler to turn. There are a few ways to make the system you have there work. Easy way is to only have one pin in the basement/elevator locks, and arrange for everyone's lock to have the same sized pin in that position. This makes the elevator/basement lock pretty insecure, but doesn't make every other lock much less secure. You can balance things by using more identical pins in everyone's locks, which makes the basement lock harder to pick, but other locks easier to guess - but guesses require you to get physical keys cut. A better way would be to have the pins in the common area locks to be in different positions along the key - say, everyone has a 6-pin tumbler, but there are extra positions cut between those 6 positions, identical in everyone's keys, that operate the pins in the common locks. But this would require a custom-built lock body and tumbler, which would make it expensive. So much easier to just put different pins into stock standard lock bodies. If you get the chance to compare the keys for 2 or 3 different apartments, it will be easy to see which pins are used to open the common doors.The tumblers in the lock itself are set up with multiple pins, rather than just one set. Takes a little work to get used to laying them out at first, but it is pretty easy to do. I used to key locks years ago when I worked in a hardware store .
What's the difference between a war and a 'cold war'?
A Cold War is a war fought without the use of bullets. Obviously, that's an oversimplified answer, in the fact that even in the American/Soviet Cold War, there were armed conflicts, like Korea and Vietnam, as well as border skirmishes and missile crises, but there is not all-out war between the primary antagonists of the conflict. Korea was supported by China and Russia, but the conflict was mostly limited to the Korean peninsula, for example. In reality, the term Cold War was given to the American/Soviet conflict because it encompassed a longer campaign that wasn't always bloody, leading to verbal standoffs and culture wars.Imo main thing to summarize is "A war thru Proxy Wars." In a cold war - the nations won't fight each other directly, but will do so indirectly thru other countries generally poorer ones. I.e. vietnam war .Let's say you want to punch me in the face. But the only reason you don't is cause I will likely punch you in the face. That's a cold war. Now if you do punch me in the face and we fight, that's war.
Why is it a son named after his father is a “Jr.” but a daughter named after her mother not?
That's not 100% true my mother and grandmother share the exact name with the exception of my mom has 'Jr.' after her last name. It's on her original birth certificate, her SS card, and even her DL. However, she's the only female I know who is a Jr and even then the only female I know that shares a name with her mother", 'I like the German way of naming girls after another woman in the family. Gretchen is "little Greta" or "little Margret". Anke is "little Anna". Niko is "little Nicole". It's cute, and there's good examples for many common German women's namesUse of Jr. and Sr. Is a pretty American thing. Children named after their fathers elsewhere normally go with the nickname or a shortened or abbreviated version of the name. I.e Alexander shortened to Sandy. Richard shortened to Richie, or DickBecause is the name and the family name, when it come to 2 girls mom/daughter, the daughter has the family name of the father so there is no confusion', "The patriarchy. A women's name is worthless as she will change hands and become someone else's property once married. Downvote all you want, but it's true.Serena Williams\' daughter is a "Jr" who is named after her dad. & #x200B; More fun stuff here [_URL_0_]Dorothy Fuldheim who was a prominent Cleveland news woman had a daughter she called Dorothy Junior.
Can a fat person die of starvation, or does the body *always* eat up its fat stores before starving?
When you don't eat food, your body can use body fat to make alternative fuel called ketones. It can also make enough glucose to meet the very small bodily needs for actual glucose, that ketones can't meet. If the fat person is drinking water and getting enough salts then they will not starve until all bodyfat is gone. Starvation is when you start using muscles for energy.
Into the wild blue yonder...
Think of it more like water and/or frosted glass. A glass of water doesn't look blue but what about a fish tank or a large aquarium. If you have frosted glass in a dark room it isn't going to look like anything however if you start to shiny a light it will diffuse that through it. Combine these together and you get the atmosphere which diffuses small amounts of blue light everywhere.
How does buoyancy work?
There's some good answers here, but I would say the ELI5 version is that metal ships are made of metal & air. Metal on its own will sink, and air on its own will float, but a metal shell around air will float if there's enough air. That's why ships and boats will sink if they take on too much water.
Is it possible to use split radioactive waste until it reaches a stable element?
Bombarding stable elements with neutrons will turn them to radioactive isotopes at the same time, so you're not going to reach just stable elements that way.
I understand that at the end of the day consumers pay for tariffs, but where does the money from those tariffs go?
They go to the government. The government could earmark those funds for specific purposes if they wanted to, but in general they just go into the government's general fund.
why is Australian internet so bad compared to the rest of the 1st world?
It's improving in terms of speed, but you're dropping relative to the world Historical info : [_URL_2_] Current stats: [_URL_2_] Basically - you have two ways to roll out highspeed internet. One is to have consumer demand in dense enough regions with either cooperative regulation to roll out highspeed internet. The other is to have tax payor funded initiatives. The US is a great test case - NYC has the private party approach, and while internet isn't slow, it could be better. VT went the government approach, and you routinely get gigabit internet up there. Why? Because consumer demand, as far as the providers go, is what you're willing to stick with before you find an alternative. Since the companies literally own the wires in the ground, competition is really a tough thing to bring to telecommunications. . Further proof- your land lines suck, but you're up near the top for Mobile. Why? mobile has competition and a low bar for customers to switch carriers. Australia sort of hit the worst of it. You treat telecom like a state run utility, but after the recession, a number of officials were elected who pushed for austerity. You can't really push a continental telecom roll out under austerity measures so it was shelved. There's no competition to switch, so the telecom companies aren't upgrading your speeds
how can the universe be expanding, when it is growing in to space that already exists? Isn't that just discovery over expansion?
I think it's going to prove impossible to explain this as though you're five as some of the most brilliant minds out there still don't quite understand. I think the closest is that it's expanding into something that doesn't exist until it's expanded into?
How does your stomach know the difference between food/liquid - bowels/bladder?
It doesn't. It all goes to your bowel, where nutrients and water are absorbed into your blood. Meanwhile, your kidneys are at work pulling water out of your blood and into your bladder .
Why are the front of commuter trains flat?
After you factor in all the weight of the entire train, and the long snake like shape, and the lower speed, i don't think there is much savings at all. The cost savings of having similar shaped cars probably outweighs the energy savings of having a different shape.There is the practical standpoint of maximizing interior face. A box has more room than an oval. Commuter lines also need to worry about hitting people or running over them. If a person is on the track and the train hits them, a flat surface will do less harm than a point and is less likely for someone to get sucked under. Cars in recent times have modified bumper standards that prevent [too pointed of a front end]. Now they need to be like [cow catchers]. The flat face, like a school bus, can allow the driver to see anything in frontOthers have covered the basics, but there is another factor. A lot of commuter or metro type trains are made up of several segments that can be joined or split, for example an 8 car train is made up of 2x4 car segments, each has a driving position at both ends. With a flat front, when two ends join, they leave less of a gap in the middle, which is better aerodynamically, and actually makes more of a difference than blunt or smooth ends.The trains don't move fast enough for it to be worth it when you're considering other things like other drag factors and space efficiency
If neutering or spaying an animal is necessary to prevent unwanted babies, why not just give them a hysterectomy or vasectomy instead? Do the remaining hormones still have other negative effects?
Spaying and neutering have the added benefit of reducing or preventing several kinds of cancers too. If the testicles and ovaries are removed, they can't develop tumors. Unspayed female dogs have a 25% chance to develop mammary tumors, compared to 0.5% rate for spayed dogs and 12% rate of breast cancer for humans.
Why are busses significantly safer than cars when they have far fewer safety features (eg airbags, seatbelt etc)?
The danger from accidents mostly comes in the form of rapid deceleration. Many of the safety features in cars are to help you decelerate as softly as possible. The front of the car may come to an extremely sudden stop, but the part you are in just keeps going slightly slower for a bit as the front crumples and the seat-belt and air bag further helps you from decelerating to harshly. Everything in the car is designed to soak up as much kinetic energy as possible in the event of a crash so that as little as possible ends up acting on your body and especially the important parts of it. With a bus the problem is slightly different. A bus tends to be much heavier. If a buss hits your average obstacle it doesn't come to sudden stop it tend to go through most obstacles while only being slightly slowed down. In order for the bus to end up in the sort of accident that would make seatbelts or airbags really useful it would need to hit something extremely durable at full speed, like a bridge support on a highway. It is not a common problem. If you google for bus accidents that have had multiple injuries and fatalities it rarely ends up being the sort of accident where a bus drove into some barrier at high speed. It usually ends up being either a bus catching fire on the side of the road or rolling down a cliff when driving in some mountainous country. Buses used for public transportation that mostly drive in cities tend to be fairly safe from the sort of crash that would make seatbelts and airbags a good idea.
Why do rockets spin on their way up? What purpose does the spinning serve?
Spinning a projectile assists in keeping it stabilized. It helps by preventing the projectile from tumbling, which would ruin the aerodynamics and make it less accurate. IE: If the projectile begins to pitch upwards, since it's spinning, that small pitch would quickly face downwards and the aerodynamic forces would push it back into a straight path.
How did they record music before computers?
Depends on how far back you wanna go. Generally: Artist performs and is recorded, that's re-recorded again and again from the initial record to make all the copies. The rest depends on the medium .
nightmares? Why would your brain scare you?
you are your brain, so your brain is scaring itself . As many have said, no one really knows. My guess is that there are parts of the brain that when we are awake are highly muted / repressed; but when dreaming they bubble to the surface. Could you bash someone's head in with a hammer? Odds are you couldn't BUT, your brain has the capacity to engage in such a behavior if required . The lizard brain gets repressed in everyday living because we can't go around killing people . Others have mentioned stress and PTSD lead to more nightmares. Given those things probably excite the limbic system it likely takes less to generate a nightmare than for someone whose limbic system is not active during their waking day. ELI5: your lizard brain is basically a horror show locked in a cage, but when you're asleep it can sometimes break the lock and get out.Blame evolution. We have evolved to stay safe. That is a reason why we constantly relive our mistakes of the past and why we have bad dreams hammering this worry and fears into our brains. Animals that worry too much and so take greater care still live long enough to procreate and pass along thee worry and bad dream genes. Even if they don’t live the happiest of lives. Evolution does not work to make us happy, only to procreate.Scientist are getting closer to recording dreams, actually.I remember even seeing them managing to record a small speck of the dream one guy had, if I recall correctly. It wasn't clear or anything but it was almost an object/image. The guy sleeping was hooked up to electrodes and such.
How do antidepressants cause weight gain?
It depends on the medication, but the 2 that I've seen cause weight gain were caused by increased water retention.
Why is it hard for phone companies to supply unlimited high speed data?
Ok try again with a lot of extra words because auto mod doesn't like short answers It isn't; companies limit high speed data to try and convince you to buy the more expensive plan that give more high speed data
Why did we spit the day in half with AM and PM?
Solar noon is easy to observe without instruments and it happens at about the same time regardless of season, it's only off by 6 or so minutes, unlike sunrise/sunset which drift several hours. So it was just a natural split for ancient people to see time as before noon and after noon on their sundials or whatever. Another natural reason for splitting day into halves is night and day, but as I mentioned it's harder to observe when that split is crossed.
how do energy companies safely obtain radioactive material for nuclear power plants?
There are highly regulated facilities that produce the fuel rods. Uranium can be mined in some places. That has to be enriched to be usable as fuel for the usual reactor designs. As long as the reactor wasn't started yet the fuel is not that radioactive. That happens when you start the chain reaction and you get fission products and other material catches neutrons and is activated. Transporting it takes a specialized containers. If it's already very radioactive you use _URL_0_ to sore and transport the material.
the national debt of the United States. How bad is it, and what are the short- and long-term repercussions of having a 104% debt-to-income ratio?
Much of it is simply money we owe ourselves at a later time. If I give you $5 and tell you to pay me back in 20 years, you now owe me $5 and will for the next 20 years. That's not a bad thing because I don't even want that money back right now.
How does an increase in buying something cause the price to increase?
If I get in a shipment of avocados and sell them for $2 and sell out almost immediately, and I want to make more profits then I would be foolish to not raise the price to $2.50 so I can make more money. Additionally, my supplier might be doing the same thing, so instead of paying $1 to him, he's now charging me $1.25. Of course, he's also having to pay the farmers he gets them from more, too, because they are having to hire more workers to pick their trees more quickly, plant more trees to try and keep up with demand.For example: Canned corn, it costs around $0.98 because even though people want it, there’s way more supply than the demand for it. However if say crops fail so there’s less corn available to be canned and people still want it as much as before the price of that $0.98 can will increase. You see this more often with gas/oil prices after major hurricanes like Katrina. ETA: also during major travel holidaysSupply and Demand. There’s always a limited quantity of an item and the higher the demand is compared to the ability to produce and supply that item to the public means there will be a more limited supply available to purchase and because there’s less to buy means suppliers will charge more and people are willing to pay more because it’s harder to get and they want itIf no one wants the object, the value of that object goes down. Aka worth-less If people are buying that object, and there are only so many of that object, it should be worth more to you because they might run out. So price goes up because demand goes upSupply and demand. If demand increases, and supply stays the same , it creates scarcity, thus increasing price.
what is the purpose of non-antibacterial/normal hand soap?
I think normal soap is meant to just kill the basic germs that are more likely to get you sick. Antibacterial soap is typically used for dishes and in restaurants because they need to be sure they get the majority of the bacteria off of their hands. Antibacterial soap is meant to reduce any and every type of bacteria to as little as possible, good or bad. It's hard to explain but hopefully this helped a little.
why is it that sometimes when drinking hot/cold water you feel it down your chest but other times you don’t?
For me it seems to be linked to indigestion. Perhaps it's because the esophagus is tender due to exposure to acid.
What shapes our handwriting and can it be changed?
Can't officially answer, but both my brother and I write really similarly to our parents. I write like my mother and he writes like my father. Maybe genetics have a say?", 'In the navy we were forced to write in block all caps. I got out in 2015. I still throw in random capital letters in the middle if my writing. IrritiatingUsed to write my lower case g as though it was a backwards e, Mrs. Fennel may have been a monster, but she was a damn good in English teacherSomehow I have ended up with almost identical handwriting to my father even though I only saw him every other weekend and almost never did school work with him.
; Why is dark skin selected for when you’re in the sun a lot? Dark colors absorbs most visible light, while white reflects it. Is it different for UV light?
You get all of your vitamin D in about 7-10 minutes in the sun with no sunscreen. Past that you start to risk burns . Eventually darker mutations, which have more melanin to stop the penetration of UV rays, would be selected for as they wouldn't be in pain often and would have a lower risk of melanoma.It's not the color that's important but the defensive properties of the substance against dangerous radiation, in this case UV light. "White" in humans actually means lack of melanin. "Black" in humans means saturated with melanin. The biology is more complex than that but the basic principle is that pigment in your skin protects against UV light and that pigment happens to be black. Evolution has \'chosen\' for a pigment that absorbs light and thus appears dark. Theoretically, a white pigment could achieve the same effect by reflecting UV light , but this is evolutionary less likely for whatever reasonI watched this the other day but it actually has more to do with folate and vitamin d synthesis._URL_0_Didn’t some Inuit people retain their dark skin because they get most the vitamin D they need from fish?
why is it easy to cross your eyes, but almost impossible to have each eye point outwards (left eye looks left, right eye looks right)?
We cross our eyes naturally to perceive depth, we have muscles that are made precisely for that. Look towards the horizon, your eyes are nearly parallel. Look towards something really close to your face, your eyes are crossed. Don't really have a developed muscle that does the opposite, because there's no biological advantage to it.
Why do people confuse left and right but not up and down?
Left and right are just names we give to directions that are mirrored but in every other way indistinguishable. So when you learn left and right you'll have to remember which way is which without any clues from your surroundings that tell you which way is right and which way left. When it comes to up and down there are clues that help you distinguish the two. For example you learn throughout your life that you can accidentally fall down but you'll never ever fall up by accident. Basically physics behaves the same regardless of the direction you face if that direction is right or left. If you face up or down things behave very differently though.
What is preventing us from effectively storing energy harnessed by windmills and solar panels?
There's a giant battery in Australia that does just that. Given the cost and lifespan of the battery and the transmission, charging and discharging losses, many people expected it to be a boondoggle . Because power becomes more expensive as the grid runs out, the battery has more than paid for itself by buying low priced surplus power and selling it as high priced peaking/frequency regulating power. Whether Denmark would have a similar result for the huge investment is a matter between your electrical engineers, your politicians, and your fiscally conservative voters.
How come sometimes when you take a drink, it causes extreme pain and discomfort as it goes down?
Everyone has this. It doesn't happen that often. It is hard to describe. It's like you swallowed a rock as it goes down. Everyone I know in real life has had this happen before at least once. It seems to only happen with pop.
If Hong Kong belongs to China, but has its own legal and political system, in what sense does Hong Kong belong to China?
To answer your question plain and simple if you would like Honk Kong is what's known as a 'Non-Sovereign City State', If you dont know what a city state is, it is basically what a city and its surrounding territory is when it governs itself, just like spartan and Athens in Greece, so examples of SOVEREIGN city-States are; Singapore, The Vatican, and Monaco these are protected usually by. Neighboring governments of something of the sort and these are essentially completely autonomous governments, some examples of NON-SOVEREIGN city-states are Gibraltar and Hong Kong (which belongs to China, the city-States govern themselves however they are not indepent and follow many regulations and restrictions set in place by the 'owners'.
Why does it hurt so much when you drink orange juice after brushing teeth?
I'm pretty sure it has to do with the toothpaste numbing the sweet taste receptors on your tongue, so you only taste the bitter parts of the orange juice and not any of the sweet parts.
How does Microsoft and Sony compete with similar specs?
Before the 2010's, most game consoles used different platforms. Both the 360 and PS3 used custom Power-PC CPU's, but they used them in very different ways. The PS3 used them in a cell processor configuration, while the 360 used them in a relatively normal way. This lead to very different specs, as they ran games quite differently. Now both the PS4 and XBOX One both use normal x86 CPU's. So they run software very similarly. Considering that there are tons of cross platform games, it would make sense that both would have similar specs to be able to run all games fairly well.
Why does head lice always spread in schools?
Summer camps are another common place for lice to spread, to the point that some I've worked at had a lice check as part of the check-in process on the first day.
why do lips get chapped in cold weather compared to hot? Doesn’t the hot air absorb the moisture more?
Air is like a sponge when it comes to holding water. Hot air is like a sponge that isn't being squeezed it can hold a lot of water, and if it's dry it will steal water from it's surroundings. Cold air is like a sponge that is being squeezed it can't hold a lot of water. Your heater takes the dry cold air from outside and heats it up this blows dry hot air at your face and takes all of the water from your body.Nah, you dehydrate quicker in the cold. It’s usually drier than the heat, deserts being the exception of course, and also, the base point for “cold” is much farther from your body’s core and surface temperatures than the base point for “hot”, so your body is gonna use up a lot f water maintaining homeostasis. Think about it. What’s “hot”? 90, 100 F? Your core temp is 96, your surface temp is, maybe 80 to 85 F. Meanwhile, cold is 50 or so, even 60, the difference between the latter temperatures and your body’s temp is much larger than the difference between the former and your body’s temp. So you expend more resources maintaining. Also, chapped lips are not solely a function of dehydration. Wind damage, and cell damage due to the actual cold factor in as well. Not to mention you end up licking them in the cold, effectively creating an evaporating layer that takes some moisture with it each time it evaporates.> Doesn’t the hot air absorb the moisture more? Yes, that's why hot air *contains* more moisture.
Why does shampoo bubble so much more on the second wash?
_URL_0_ I think you're wasting shampoo if you're looking for bubbles. The first wash through is sufficient.Is "Rinse, repeat" something people actually do? I honestly thought that was just a marketing gimmick / way to get you to use more product faster.adding to what else has been said, shampooing twice strips those natural oils from your hair/scalp, and may cause dryness, irritation or dandruff. it's not recommended.When I have very oily I use the tiniest amount of shampoo and work it around as much as possible, then use my regular amount. Much better than trying to get even double your normal amount to do the job!', "Second wash? I'd have to wash a first time before that could happen. second wash? Am I supposed to do that? For real?', "Wow, I was just thinking about that yesterday when I washed my hair! I was even considering asking this question on this sub, but I don't have enough karma. So thank you, now I have my answer!", 'What everyone has said. Also don’t wash your hair twice. Lather Rinse repeat was created to sell shampoo. Your hair is supposed to have some oil in it. Over washing is dreadful for it and will actually make it oilier over time', "Fat is the enemy of foams. Your hair is naturally oily. First wash gets off the oil, doesn't foam too much when oil is there. Second wash has less oil; Foams more.This happens when you wash your hands, too. Wash your hands a second time and watch how much more sudsy the soap getsThat means that your hair is clean :) If you are adding more shampoo and it’s super sudsy, you are wasting shampooHold on, you’re supposed to wash your hair more than once in the shower?
How is insurance profitable for insurance companies?
> A common policy is $20 per occurrence of $100,000. Wouldn’t that take 5000 months just to break even? For a single person, yes. But you have thousands, tens, hundreds of thousands of people paying into the insurance, and the odds of people having a claim are low. There's an entire branch of statistics, *[actuarial science],* devoted to risk assessment for exactly this reason.
How can you pinpoint your location with GPS on your phone without service on the ground, but can’t do the same on an airplane?
In a purely satellite based GPS, it can take minutes to acquire a signal and position. And this doesnt work well if you're moving fast. When you're on the ground, there are many assisted methods of acquiring a GPS signal.
When your iris changes in size from light why does does the area we can see not change?
What matters for the area we see is the angle of the light rather than the size of our pupil. I made a quick photoshop diagram [showing the path light would take if you were looking at a red dot right in the corner of your vision] for different pupil sizes. It doesn't matter whether your pupil is big or small, the light still has the same path to the same part of your retina. There is a bit more to it as well, as the lens in your eye is also bundling up all the light that hits it so not even the edge of your vision would get cut off by your pupil because any light coming from that angle that hits any part of your lens gets bent through the lens and spat back out going in the correct directly. It's all just like how a [camera lens aperture can change from massive to tiny] and still capture a complete image.
What's the basis for US Confederate support today?
Most modern displays of the flag use it as a symbol of rebellion or pride in the South, Southern lifestyle, or values. People saying it's purely racist are voicing an opinion, not fact.
How can scientists be confident that GMOs won't have multigenerational impact?
Mice flip through generations faster than iPhones, so you can get ten generations deep in a mouse lineage in a just a few years if you're trying to determine how something effects the great great grandkids. More generally, the DNA in your food doesn't meaningfully survive the digestive process. You're not full of rogue cow DNA from eating a hamburger so there's no reason to suspect that putting a sequence of grape DNA into corn will suddenly cause a grape DNA problem.
With so little land and resources, how is Great Britain still as rich and powerful as it is today?
Britain has a primarily service based economy. Most of the money is made from financial services and technology. Also some manufactured goods like cars. Britain doesn't have many natural resources to export , so generally speaking we import a lot of stuff to support our industry.
how slavery worked in prehistoric/ ancient times.
With great difficulty. Check out the Spartans. They were renowned as the greatest warriors in Greece, and they absolutely crushed their enemies. But you can't be a full-time soldier unless someone else grows your food. So they kept a slave caste of 'helots,' who did all the non-soldiery jobs. This created a big problem because helot rebellions were a constant menace. So while the Spartans had the greatest army in Greece, they couldn't actually DO anything with it because 90% of their time was spent guarding the helots.It’s probably like the infant elephant who is stuck to a peg in the ground. Maybe the peg is strong enough to keep the baby elephant n his place, but when he’s an adult, he could easily rip the peg out pf the ground. Basically, the limitations are mostly mental, not physical.
Why do CO2 levels keep rising?
So it is true that more and more renewable energy is being generated, but our population is also increasing, and poorer countries are starting to produce CO2 at the same rate as richer countries. Richer countries are starting to use more renewables, but they can be expensive to build and they can't always provide power as reliably as CO2 intensive options. Poorer countries are becoming less poor, so more people are able to afford cars, afford to eat more energy intensive food, and afford to use more electricity. The hope is that wealthy countries will develop technologies and then those technologies will become cheaper over time and the rest of the world will be able to afford it.
What is a bone marrow transplant?
There are actually 2 different types of bone marrow donations. The first is the traditional marrow method. Needles are used to go into the donor's pelvic bone & withdraw marrow. The second type of bone marrow donation isn't even technically bone marrow at all. It's peripheral blood stem cell donation. For 5 days leading up to the PBSC donation, you're given injections to increase these cells (which can cause head/muscle aches. On the day of donation, you have two needles in your arm. Blood leaves one arm, goes through an apheresis machine, which filters the PBSC's out, & your blood returns to your body in your other arm. Regarding the actual transplant, the patient receives high doses of chemotherapy that kills off their cancer-ridden bone marrow, & then the donated cells are delivered via an IV tube or catheter.
Why didn't we ever get immune to colds if it's so common?
The cold is not a disease. It's a collection of similar symptoms caused by hundreds of different viruses that are constantly mutating. Getting a cold from particular virus means you can still get a cold from the many other strains of the same virus and a hundreds of other viruses.
How/why do cars with a start-stop system not use more gas or harm the engine more than regular engines?
Your engine uses the battery to start so there isn't any extra fuel usage when starting again at a green light. The fuel is saved by shutting off the engine when you fully stop the car so it doesn't run the whole time at a red light. It doesn't harm the engine because when you take off at a green light, the car is doing everything it would do if it did not have the start-stop system; there's just an extra step by starting the engine again. It would be comparable to stalling a manual drive car and restarting the engine quickly to take off. That doesn't hurt the car either, it just shuts the engine off.
Why does aluminum foil never get hot to the touch. You can leave it in the oven and touch it directly out of the oven without it feeling hot. Why is this?
Very high surface area:mass ratio. Heat capacity is related to density , heat transfer is related to surface area. The aluminum heats up to the same temperature as everything else in the oven , but a sheet of foil has almost no mass, but tons and tons of surface area. This means is 'exhausts' its heat very quickly. If you touch foil *right* out of the oven, it is hot - but within a few seconds it has cooled down to air temperature.
How is a word created? How does it become a generally accepted term by a population?
Have you ever read the book, Frindle? It's a cute story and the main character asks this exact same question.
Why when i'm trying to sleep, sometimes my body do the fake fall thing ?
I always learned it as when your heart rate drops to quickly as youre falling asleep, your body jolts you to get your HR up. Essentially your body thinks you're dying cause your HR is dropping so it sends a jolt to restart.i had always heard this referred to as the "primordial shake", an instinct to keep yourself from falling too asleep, and thereby vulnerable to predators
- Our bodies signal us that we are hungry but we generally have a lot of energy stored as fat. Why is that? What is the hungry feeling is telling us in fact?
Stored fat is for survival. Until the body absolutely needs it, it burns all other available fuel first. After that it burns fat, but reminds you that you are now in starvation mode,burning fat with no input to offset. The body can't tell you have food available but are choosing to not use it, so don't remind me I need to replace fuel is a bit beyond the process.
how come doctors and nurses (or anyone working in the health care environment) are not constantly sick or catching stuff from infected patients.
For the same reason that porn stars don't get STIs even though they are having sex with lots of people all the time. They use proper precautions consistently. Precautions means frequent handwashing, gloves, disinfecting surfaces, getting vaccines, etc. Consistently means that they are all aware of the heightened risk, know how to mitigate it, use precautions everytime, and yell at each other for not adhering to proper safety protocols. It's the inverse of technology in cars. People feel more safe now because of amazing new car technology in cars , and as a result they pay less attention to the road . On porn sets and in hospitals, people feel more exposed to risk, so they pay more attention to safety precautions.I asked my doctor and she said it was three things: 1. washing her hands. 2. not touching her own face with unwashed hands. 3. turning a bit to the side when close to people so as not to inhale their breaths directlyThey usually do get sick at first. When my sister first started as an ER nurse, she was constantly getting sick for about 6 months until her body built up immunities to the more common infections. She still occasionally gets sick, but nothing like when she first started.They know how to protect themselves. When you know how contagion works, you can avoid most of your patients' diseases. That includes washing your hands/arms and cleaning your environment.
Why is water (H2O) effective at putting out fires when fire requires oxygen to keep burning?
Let's say that, in order to live, you need to hold hands with someone. Not just anyone, but your friend, Oxy. She's very nice and you really want to hold hands with her. But, it turns out, she's already holding hands with the Hydro brothers, so she can't hold hands with you. Sad.
Why do so many things in California cause cancer?
No, they are just hyperactive about public education regarding carcinogens. A bit loony if you ask me. These substances are plausibly carcinogenic everywhere. Other states just either haven't studied causation or didn't find any if they did.
why cant different species breed with each other? If they both have sperm and ovum?
some of them can, actually! there are cross species hybrids between e.g. Lions and Tigers, and between Horses and Donkeys. Some of those hybrids are actually fertile themselves but most are infertile. & #x200B; the reason why most different species can't interbreed is really complicated and I think you'll get a better answer from a geneticist, but the simple version is just that the two gametes are in some way not compatible where the sperm can't meld with the egg, or if it can the process of genetic recombination/fertilization cannot occur. the specific reasons for this are not at all simple though and I'm not enough of a biologist to explain it.
Why do household smoke alarms use D batteries instead of the more common AA batteries?
Smoke detectors don't use D cell, they use 9-volt, which based on size, are more efficient than AA/AAA
Why does going 100mph in a car feel so much faster than going 500mph on an airplane?
Our perception of speed depends on the things we see around us. If a plane were to fly inches above a road, you'll see blurred trees racing back. But there's no reference point for miles when the plane is up in the sky. So everything looks like it's moving back slower.If the plane flew a few feet off the ground instead of thousands of feet in the air it would all look insanely fast. Probably a blur.
How do metal detectors only sense metal?
Everyone pretty much explained how it works. It does not have to be a typical ferromagnetic material . It can be any conductive metal. Why I am making a comment here is because no one mentioned the technical term for the mechanism. It's something known as 'Eddy Currents'. Look it up on google, it'll give you an exact idea.