Split (3)

train · 279k rows

query stringlengths 8 249	answer stringlengths 45 7.8k
Why is it easy for eyes to track moving objects smoothly, but can't smoothly turn gaze without eyes snapping to multiple points?	I really enjoyed it when I took lots of mdma a long time ago. You can't focus on shit, One eye takes over and then swaps about it's like your brain has lost the capacity to do its fill in the blank trick that it normally does. Probably extremely fascinating explanation behind all that too
Why are flights delayed or canceled during thunderstorms and snowstorms, even though planes are designed to be able to fly through rough weather?	Just because they can doesn't mean they should. Airlines prioritize Plane, Pilot, Crew, and Passenger safety very highly, an aircraft is ludicrously expensive after all and a crashed flight due to bad weather conditions looks TERRIBLE on a company. Better to delay a few flights in the name of safety than risk even a hundreth of them crashing due to inclement weather
Why do supermarkets sell meats in a refrigerated space as opposed to a freezer where the meat would last longer?	The same reason that they offer fresh vegetables and don't only sell canned/fozen: fresh food is preferred for texture and flavor.
How do we manage to make room for dessert when we are so full from our meal?	Also not everyone can do this. I don't do desserts. Not because I don't like them . I just eat till I'm full then that is it. There is no desire for sweets.The sugar and general sweetness in desserts makes your stomach expand a bit. The bigger your stomach, the more you can eat.
Why does someone suddenly develop an allergy to a substance that was accepted by the body previously?	You may not actually be classically allergic to Ibuprofene. [_URL_0_] While the results are basically the same, the mechanism is different, so take the other good explanations of allergic reactions at the top with a grain of salt. With this hypersensitivity, the real mechanism is likely related to the effects of Ibuprofene and other NSAIDs have on the immune system. As to why either allergies of hypernsensitivies just basically appear randomly: We don't actually know yet.We have quite a good idea about what happens exactly once you are already allergic and are brought into contact with an allergen, but it's currently unknown what causes the initial action of the immune system.For some reason it starts producing antigens against chemical structures that are harmless, and strongly attacks those.
What is the purpose behind very lengthy prison sentences of 150 years, 200 years and more when the average human lifespan is 70 years?	Essentially, the reason this happens is that there are multiple crimes they are being tried for. For example, let's say someone is tried for five counts of fraud. Each count of fraud has a maximum sentence of 40 years in prison . If they are convicted for five counts of fraud, then they could get convicted with 200 years in prison from those five counts. This is also why someone can face multiple life sentences, since they would be charged with multiple crimes with a life sentence each.
How in the world is Uber losing so much money?	Expansion and R & D. Uber needs driverless tech in order to drive down their costs enough to make their business model work. They pay their drivers too much and don't charge enough to pay for them, hence why they are always trying to pay their drivers less, increasing costs is a non option in this highly competitive space. On the other hand, they also need to saturate the market and gain as much market share as they can. Since competition is so fierce, they need to gain and hold onto as much of the market as possible. Both of these are important to the future of uber. Also remember, a growing company tends to be unprofitable or break even because any money made is dumped right back into the company rather than being saved or paid out to shareholders. Amazon famously almost never makes a profit despite being so massive, mostly because all the money it makes is sent right back into the company for expansion and R & D.
Why are there so many knobs and buttons in a plane cockpit?	Well first of all, there aren't anywhere close to 600 buttons on the flight deck. But let's use a car as an analogy. You say a plane needs steering, thrust, and landing gear. In a car, that translates to the steering wheel, accelerator, and brake. So what about all the other stuff in car? The windows, the lights, the radio/sound system, heat/air conditioning, mirror controls etc. Those are all necessary for the cars functioning, and likewise, a plane has a bunch of stuff it needs to function that aren't directly about controlling the aircraft's flight. And a plane is way more complicated than a car so there are way more systems. You've got controls for multiple different navigation systems, radios, hydraulics, fire suppression, electrical subsystems, cabin pressurization and environmental controls, all the switches for the many different exterior and interior lights, controls to start the engines and monitor engine performance, controls for fuel tanks, controls for all the doors, knobs to adjust the control surfaces, controls for all the various alarms, warnings, and emergency stystems, and controls for the main computer interface.
Why dentists tell patients to not rinse their teeth after brushing?	One of the most important features of toothpaste is fluoride. Fluoride works by attracting elements such as calcium to the tooth, and thereby re-mineralizing the tooth. This is a process that takes time. If you rinse your mouth immediately after brushing, you will rinse away some of the fluoride and therefore counteract one of the more important features of the toothpaste. Basically, if you rinse your mouth out then all you've really done is loosen plaque and remove detritus which is still a really good thing to do since this helps stop the bacteria and acids that de-mineralize your teeth in the first place, but you'll be skipping a lot of the re-mineralization part. This is one area where mouth wash isn't completely useless since it will add more fluoride to the surface of your teeth which helps them repair themselves. Mouth wash will also kill off some bacteria but just adding this for completeness: it's a distant 3rd or 4th to brushing your teeth and flossing.
How do some countries with very high national debt (Japan, US) still manage to drive their economies, but some (Greece) fail to do so?	Imagine US is the older brother, and Greece a younger brother. The US can keep making imaginary money out of thin air, and if you don't accept it, they'll hit you. However, if you, the younger sibling, try to use your imaginary money and your older brother doesn't approve, he still hits you.Greece has many social and economic troubles. Their high debt is a consequence of these—not vice versa. The Greek finance minister was essentially lying about Greece’s actual financial position until 2008 and the shit hit the fan.
What's the significance of the 0th law of thermodynamics?	A lot of laws state the obvious. Force equals mass time acceleration? The harder you push a heavy thing the more it'll hurt when it hits you.
How don't we run out of air to breathe if we don't open windows in our house for long periods of time?	Even in a house that's been sealed there will still be some air infiltration. Older houses will be filled with leaks, allowing air to enter and leave. A good HVAC system will also bring in air from outside and use a heat exchanger bring the outside air to the temperature of the inside air.
How do people imagine things in their minds?	Huh, weird. It takes effort to maintain for me - generally I get kind of a glimpse, slapdash, handwavy and indicative more than detailed at that but it depends a lot on the subject. The simpler it is, the easier it is. An orange square. Three small blue triangles. Bouncing yellow spots. Anything? What about non-visual things? Can you imagine sounds? Someone hitting a little wooden pot with a stick: tok, tok, tok. Someone playing a saxophone. A crying baby. A glass shattering. Someone saying 'agaflooie' in a silly voice. Smells? Gasoline? Smelly garbage? Bubblegum? Cut grass? Physical sensations? Stroking a cat? Flicking yourself on the ear? Being on a rollercoaster? Nausea? If so it's the visual equivalent of those. Not the same as actually experiencing them, but more like a constructed memory sketched up on your mental whiteboard.
If almost every large animal with mobility has forward bending knees, why do so many advanced Boston dynamics type robots have rear facing knees?	i may be wrong and i'm not that much expert, but the birds' ones aren't knees, but ankles as you said. This tho is the key to all the answer. The part under the articulation is the foot which ends with fingers that actually touch ground. The knee is hidden under feathers and points forward. Imagine if your foot becomes long and you walk on the points of it, only using your digits. That is how birds are, they have a knee and an ankle . May take a look at an ostritch. Also take a look at an horse. They have the same structure divided in 3 parts as an ostritch, but look how in the front legs the knee points backward and the ankle forward", 'Just some food for thought about designs in nature. Nature does not designs for efficiency or optimal design by any stretch of the imagination. Many eyes for example are horrifically designed from an engineering perspective. All something has to do in nature to succeed is be good enough, not necessarily best. Nature is full of bad shortcuts.It's worth noting that just because an animal evolved a certain way does NOT mean that way is the ideal; it just means that way didn't prevent them from surviving and reproducing to pass those genes on. insert anti-Koala copypasta here", 'That’s a really good question to ask. I went through the same thought process when I was reading an erotic novel and they had animals sort of like camels to ride that had rear facing knees.They don't actually have knees at all. Those are their ankles. They just have really long feet that they stand on the end of. Basically like the back leg of a dog.
How come Neanderthals are considered not human if we could successfully interbreed and communicate?	Iirc there are no neanderthal genes on the y chromosome. So that might mean that a male neanderthal either didn't pass on their genes to humans or only female offspring of male neanderthal survived and could reproduce. So they were definitely on the way to being completely speciated. Even though male mules are completely infertile there have been 60 cases of female mules being able to reproduce. So I imagine that it was a similar circumstance for humans and neanderthal.Species classification is arbitrary to a certain point. One of the qualifications is that they do not produce fertile offspring, but neanderthal and human hybrid that are fertile may be the exception and not the rule, so as long as most of the time it did not produce fertile offspring you could still consider this qualification met.humans and neanderthals share a common ancestor but diverged in the process of coming about genetically, they're more cousins than twins
Why tap water is drinkable only in some countries but not all?	Some tap water is not so much unsafe as undesirable, either because it barely meets standards and tastes too foul to drink, or because it meets standards for some chemicals that your system needs time to adjust to, and while adjusting you'll run like a faucet on full. My well water before treatment has enough iron in it to be like licking a rusty knife. It'd be legal and mostly harmless, but it's not pleasant.
Why does healthcare is the USA differ from most western countries? I don't think any European country practice healthcare in the same manner. Why is there such a big difference?	This is because in USA a group of people found out that people will pay _anything _ for their health, and started exploiting it. Then they used those money, to buy poiticians to establish anti-competetive laws, and spread propaganda, that any effort to cut their profits, is a comunist plot to destroy America. So now there's an entire country of people who think that their system is absolutely the best, even though it's worst, thanks to carefully crafted propaganda campaign financed by their own money.
Why can we see 55 million light years away but we can’t (haven’t) zoomed into planets some where much close to check if there mobility/intelligent life?	The simple answer is light. We need light to see anything. Planets don't create their own light nor are they very reflective, so there isn't enough visable light coming to us from a planet thousands or millions of light years away to form a picture. We couldn't even get a decent picture of Pluto from telescopes we have on Earth or in orbit. It wasn't until we send a probe, took pictures with that, and beamed them back that we got good pictures.We aren’t looking at the planet, we’re letting the light that bounced off that planet a very long time ago hit our eye. That light has traveled huge distances, spreading out like a flashlight beam the entire time. With the flash light we see it as fading into darkness, but really it’s just spread out thinner and thinner until we can’t see the difference any more. The light is too spread out to not be blurry, there’s not enough of itYou can often see a huge, faraway object much more easily than a close, tiny object. For example, using your own eyeballs, you can easily pick out details of a city skyline that’s 5 miles away. But you can’t see the details of a coin that’s 50 feet away. The same principle applies to telescopes and the like. Often huge, faraway objects can be seen in better detail than close, small objects.You can see a light bulb from blocks away in a snowstorm but te can't resolve the logo on the bulb. It's about the ability to focus the light and distunguish small, meaningful variations. The light gets bent and messed up in transit by gravity, dust and the atmosphere, so you would have to undo all that distortion.
"plasma" is just ionized gas, yet it is regarded as a "different state of matter"...why aren't ionized liquids or solids considered different states of matter?	In a plasma almost all of the atoms are ionized, whereas in an ionized liquid or solid only a minuscule fraction are. It would be more correct to say that the liquid or solid contains ions, rather than is ionized itself. Being fully ionized is a very energetic state and it's not possible for something to be completely ionized and still be liquid or solid.
How were firearms mass produced before 18th c.?	Eli Whitney started mass production of firearms in 1798. Before that, all * firearms were hand made, by single craftsmen or groups of craftsmen. Forge a barrel shape, bore it out, rifle it, straighten it, all by hand. Make a lock, fit lock and barrel into a hand cut and shaped stock. *I recall reading that there's evidence China mass produced crossbows, and possibly matchlocks. If so, the technology was not shared with the west.
If lead based paint is so bad for you, how come lead pipes are occasionally used in plumbing.	Lead pipes in plumbing have been banned in most places for years. 1986 all lead solder was banned from water pipes in North America. Europe is a mish-mosh, with even countries like Germany having different regulations from the former kingdoms. Many older houses still have lead piping, and depending on where you live there's probably a plan to remove them.I heard a podcast about this a while back, so I don’t remember the specifics but the reason it’s still brought up in cases of “Ive just bought a house and need to check for lead paint” is because there’s no way to know how many buildings out there have been updated since the 70s. New buildings most likely don’t have lead paint, but if your house or building is from a certain decade, its a toss up and should be checked to be safe.
why is the center of the earth so hot? Is it due to friction? Is every planet this way?	Mostly residual heat left over from the planet's formation. It literally takes billions of years for things as big as planets to cool in the vacuum of space. There is some heat from radioactive decay processes as well, but it's mostly just what's left over from when the entire planet was a giant ball of molten rock. All rocky planets will radiate heat for a long, long time, but they will eventually cool off completely.
why is it that if you eat a big meal before you drink, you get less drunk.	You don't get less drunk, your body just absorbs the alcohol more slowly. You're correct in that the alcohol goes through the exact same process as the food you ate, which is why it will inevitably enter your bloodstream. It just takes longer. You're also more likely to drink less or space your drinks out more since your stomach is full.
Why are the Nordic Countries so well off?	I just saw a video about corruption in countries across the world. One conclusion was that the Northern European countries are low in corruption. Although least corrupt was New Zealand and also very uncorrupt was Australia. Lack of corruption could be of benefit to the people there. I've read that in some Asian countries, parents have to bribe the teachers for their children to receive fair grades. Other forms of corruption are rampant. Also Singapore is very low on the corruption scale. Corruption has a very negative effect on the society as a whole, which we are increasingly experiencing here in the US.
What is an inner product? (linear algebra)	An inner product is a way of multiplying two objects. The multiplication has to obey a certain set of rules. 1. < u + v, w > = < u, w > + < v, w > 2. < av, w > = a < v, w > for any scalar a3. < v, w > = < w, v > 4. < v, v > > = 0 for all v and < v, v > = 0 if and only if v = 0 Quite literally any way of putting two objects together to obey these rules is considered an inner product. For example, for two functions f and g on a closed interval [a, b ] we can define < f, g > = int . This turns out to follow the rules listed above, so it's an inner product. Condition allows us to create a generalized notion of length. Recall that < v, v > = \|\|v\|\| ^2 for ordinary vectors. In this way, we can define length for other objects that might not resemble vectors. For example, \|\| f \|\| = sqrt) For a function f. Inner products also give us a generalized notion of angles in collections of objects that we might nor normally consider as having angles. For ordinary vectors we have sin = < v, w > / where theta is the angle between the two vectors. Again, we can apply that to functions using our on going example. Curiously this shows that on the interval 0..2Pi the functions sin and cos are orthogonal to one another because < sin, cos > = 0 . TLDR: inner products are a way to generalize the concept of length and angle to collections of objects that don't naturally seem to have lengths and angles.
REM stands for Rapid Eye Movement. What causes/is the purpose of our eyes to still move during sleep when the rest of our body is nearly inhibited and our eyes are closed the whole time?	What causes it is that we are dreaming. Our eyes detect visual signals so they look for them. It is fascinating to see our brain sleeping knowing it I'd both creating and believing our own dreams. We cycle through sleep in stages and rem sleep appears to be when we process memory and vividly dream.
Do a certain number of germs need to enter my body in order for me to get sick?	As someone has already said, most infection causing bacteria are already on or in us. I use the car thief analogy to explain opportunistic pathogens to students, The thief is casing lots of parked cars, the first is locked and has a high end alarm system so no way in, the next has a window open, the thief gets in but leaves when the alarm goes off, and then finds an unlocked car with an outdated security system that they can disable,It also helps to understand the difference between colonisation and infection, just because the bacteria are there, they're not necessarily causing harm and many are beneficial, but breaks in skin integrity or invasive devices allow organisms to get to places where they can take advantage and cause infection
How does moisturizer work and why does sticking my hands in water not work instead?	Moisturizer is like a trap for water. You have bait, which is a humectant, that is, an ingredient that attracts water into the skin, and a box propped up on a stick, which is an occlusive that prevents water from evaporating out. If you just apply water to the skin, it simply evaporates and dries. This is also what's happening with the water in your skin , so you have to find a way to trap it. Thus, there's two parts in the function of a moisturizer: Humectancy, or the attraction of water into the skin, and Occlusion, or the prevention of evaporation of water.
Why is there blood outside the veins?	If you are looking for a 5-year old answer, capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels, transfer the blood that final step to/from tissues . You have cells everywhere so it's possible to bleed, even from a shallow cut.
Why aren't plastic water bottles being replaced by canned water?	In emergency Bud Wiser turns their canning operations to water, if you didn't know. [_URL_0_]", 'Cans are for drinking at home or with meals, bottles are better on the go, for the car, for the jog or the workout. There are more factors than environmental concerns and ease of recycling, and cans and bottles arennot completely interchangeableI heard most places have this thing called tap water, which is fine to drink. Why do people trick themselves into thinking they need to buy bottled water?
Why do CPUs and GPUs perform better when cool	The speed doesn't depend on heat. However the computer will slow down the CPUs and GPUs when they become too hot to prevent them from melting so what you see is hot CPUs/GPUs becoming slower.They have an internal mechanism that keeps them from burning up. It works by throttling back when the chip gets too hot. So if you keep it cool you keep it running at the max speedIf a processor is cool enough, it will often speed its clock up, balancing thermals with performance.
Why are fevers a bad thing, if the body gets hot to fight sickness etc ?	Low fevers aren't dangerous, but they're a sign of illness. Normally a fever indicates your body is fighting something, and if there's something to fight, it means you're sick. High fevers are dangerous and can cause damage to internal organs including the brain and heart.In short, as the body heats it can affect the Ph of the body as well as denature proteins integral to the bodies function. The real danger comes from when the body temperature increases to 103-105 F which can prove fatal or result in a lifelong handicap.
How does a group of animators split the load to produce a uniform film when each one of them draws differently?	Building on the other posts they also make terribly explicit reference sheets. Here's one from Belle: _URL_0_ Basically they figure out that you start with the circle and if you divide it in half you get the placement for this line and if you divide that into thirds you'll find the eyebrow, etc.also, keyframes A smaller team does only every nth frame , and a much larger team does all the frames in-between. They use the keyframes as reference, so it allows consistencyAs well as the style sheets and general drawing skill, another factor in traditional animation is called "inbetweening". A good artist will draw key frames that depict important dynamic moments in the action, and other competent artists will draw the other frames which depict the movement between the key frames. This method conserves the workload of the good artists and ensures a consistent look to the finished animation.
Why is it that Netflix wants us to spend as much time as possible on their platform?	They want to keep you as a customer for as long as possible. If you have Netflix and Hulu, but decide you like Hulu more, eventually you'll get around to cancelling your Netflix which they definitely don't want.The more netflix you watch instead of regular TV - > the more netflix shows will be discussed in person and social media - > the more people will subscribe to netflix.
if the sun is a giant fireball, why does firelight look so different from sunlight?	It isn't fire. It's gas and the light is heat and most of it is from fusion, not from burning .
How do websites know when you are using an adblocker?	I just stop going to every site that does this. They should've been happy with my traffic but they squandered it =D", 'Ad blocker browser extensions also have specific IDs, and the browsers themselves expose methods to see if an extension is installed by IDServer: Puts ad333542.jpg on webpage that user 333542 asked for. User: does not download ad333542.jpg from server. Server: UfokingWOTM8?Many, many ways. The ELI5 is that they have different "tricks" to detect if their ads are not shown. If an ad is blocked, they can see that change being made and a message pops up asking you to disable it', "I use a PiHole on my network, it's a DNS sinkhole, as far as page scripts are concerned, the ad servers are unreachable, so far I have not had any adblock detection scripts pick it up. You need a Raspberry Pi and some knowledge of networking to get it set up, or I believe there is a version of it that will run on a normal PC. I have the alternate DNS set to Quad9 versus the default Comcast DNS servers for further protection. [_URL_0_]
Why is coconut oil considered healthy, even though it is so dense with saturated fat?	It's not healthy. Some people just believe it is likely because they read a random blog on the internet.
How are people naturally talented without any prior knowledge of their talent?	Listen to the [Tal Wilkenfeld episode of WTF]. She talks about picking up a guitar and just being able to play cords. The brain is pretty good at pattern recognition, and that's really all music is - a series of logical patterns. If you're particularly good at that AND have a good sense of pitch, musical instruments could come easy. The problem with this is that the patterns you need to learn, the muscle memory and the skills to become a great player are never naturally present - they need to be practiced. So, I would imagine, a lot of potential great musicians think they don't need to practice and sort of top out in middle/high school. Tal Wilkenfeld illustrates this; while the guitar came naturally - she practiced daily, then obsessively later in life to the point of injury. . I think natural musicians are a bit rare for another reason: most kids are exposed to instruments at a really young age. Those that show extreme talent are pushed into lessons and practice. The great musicians were naturally talented, but also started lessons really young and practiced really hard to get as good as he did. You can't call him a natural talent, because he was trained.. because someone recognized him as talented at a really young age.Some people just ‘get’ certain concepts. I don’t understand music at all. I can’t sing or play any instrument, I can’t even really hear the notes or chords. But I can understand structure, engineering, mechanical, systems, etc. effortlessly. I was a gas turbine mechanic in the Navy, and then a plumber for 21 years afterward and it was very easy for me to learn and do.
How do shops on etsy sell copyrighted characters from companies like Nintendo, Disney, and Marvel?	I worked for Office Depot and despised dealing with Etsy customers. By law, we were not allowed to reproduce ANY invitations or prints containing copyright characters. Always a fun conversation with mad moms none the wiser to the fact that they essentially purchased stolen artwork retrofitted with Timmy's name for his 5th birthday.
Why do people get the urge to destroy things, even their own belongings, when they get angry?	As speaking for someone who has PTSD/survivors guilt I definitely struggle with mico bursts of anger. & Nbsp; & Nbsp; It's having the wave of emotion find passing through your whole body.
What's the difference between having ADD/ADHD and just being lazy and forgetful?	I am a early 30s father who just within the last three years finally looked into treatment. It's frustrating the lack of adult studies on adh d and if you fall through the cracks you almost never get diagnosed. Not to mention the fact you build a tolerance to the medication and are constantly having to get higher doses of not managed.ADD and ADHD are basically the same thing. The ADD part is disability to focus on one part for extended periods of time, however sometimes they can focus on something extremely well especially when it lies in there interest. The H part in ADHD is the hyperactive part, so besides the attention deficit part someone with ADHD is also very energetic.As someone with ADHD I have to give credit to u/fullDisclosureDaemon, I've honestly never seen somone explain it so well. I've always struggled to explain to friends what it is without them jumping too HURR HURR YOU HYPER sorta shit, it's kinda comforting to see people actually research shit without jumping to conclusions.A simple way I describe it: not being able to stay focused, EVEN WHEN YOU WANT TO. My kids have it. They will forget to come and have desert. Not typically something a kid would doI always use this for those in doubt—if you popped some Adderall, you’ll be up all night. I can take it then take a nap. Even when I first started taking itIts hard to think of laziness as a state of being, its usually a symptom of something especially considering executive dysfunction can happen in everything from adhd to depression to personality disorders', "Also, what's the difference between being lazy and just enjoying relaxing?
What would happen if we tried to throw massive amounts of trash into volcanoes to reduce landfill size?	The misconception that lava is liquid, so things will sink into it, leads many to believe that things sink in into it. Molten rock is still as dense as rock, so unless whatever you're discarding is denser , it will just float on the surface.
How are we able to "hallucinate" so vividly while reading? It's like half of your brain focuses on reading while the other half plays a movie and somehow it all works.	I write fiction based on the scenes I've created in my head . But when I re-read what I've written after some time has past and I don't picture the scenes the same way I remember at the time I wrote it, I know it has to be re-written.
How is 32 bit able to handle 4gb of ram, if 4,294,967,296 is the number of bits?	Actually, after re-reading your post, are you asking why it's bytes and not bits? If that's the case, the number is the address telling the computer which byte of memory to read. So there are 2^32 different bytes of memory that can be read . Thus, the computer can access 2^32 x 1 byte of memory = 4 GB. Note: as I posted in a different comment thread, a 32-bit processor can access more than 4 GB of memory. Most people use Windoes, so that’s the memory limit that most people might have heard of. There’s dependencies on the OS and some other things, but it’s possible. See PAE for 32-bit Linux as an example.
How come the people need to leave the room when xrays are done?	The x Ray imaging is done via x rays, which are radiation. They are relatively safe in limited amounts, but can have negative impacts on your cells, possibly causing cancers. That's why they put lead shields over you, to limit exposure to the minimum. The techs are limiting their exposure by leaving the room.
Why are some batteries rechargable while others are not?	Batteries by definition rely on a chemical reaction to get electricity. Think lighting a piece of wood on fire, only instead of heat you get electricity. It's really hard for you to take that smoke and heat and turn it back into a piece of wood. For a lot of non-rechargeable batteries it's the same. They can't be reversed, at least not by sending electricity through it. Or maybe it's just not safe for you to do . For some other batteries, you can reverse them but they don't do it well. Maybe instead of turning back into wood it turns into a smaller piece of wood. Rechargeable batteries are specifically designed to be reversible a lot of times. The piece of wood they turn back into is usually like the original, maybe a little smaller each time. But they will do it a lot of times before they stop working.
Why are planes constantly overbooked and they’re asking for people to switch? Why don’t they just book the right amount of people from the start?	Sometimes people don't show up for their flights. Leaving a seat empty is a waste when they could fill it, so airlines overbook flights regularly expecting some no shows. If they guess right then they get money from a person they don't carry and also have an optimal full flight. If they guess wrong some people get bumped.An airline doesn't want to leave revenue on the table, and not everybody who books a flight ends up taking that flight -- somebody's business trip gets extended, somebody misses the connection due to a delay on the first leg of their travel, somebody gets sick and has to cancel their vacation, etc. So airlines determine the number of reservations to sell on a flight to end up with a full plane. Maybe they determine that selling 3% over the capacity is the optimal number. But that's an average so sometimes the plane will still end up with empty seats and other times it will end up "oversold." It's cheaper to offer vouchers, etc. in the cases where they are oversold than forego revenue by selling less seats and flying with empty seats all the time.I believe it's something to ensure each flight is full because of fuel costs.It is evil though and I learned this existed one of my first times flying, with an infant, and I was the unlucky one. Thankfully another couple decided to let us go and they waited. But yeah it's infuriating you pay for a timed flight but that's not guaranteed", 'There is a percentage of people who cancel/ miss their flight. Airlines overbook in order to still have a full plane if a few people don’t show up. If they only book the exact number of seats they have and people don’t show, it’s money left on the table in the airlines eyesSomething to do with how they can than make airfares cheaper. Like they over book the cheaper flights so they can offload the overbooked passengers to the following flights and at least get some money for otherwise empty seats.
if a set of identical twins has babies with another set of identical twins, are those babies going to be identical cousins?	So, my sister and I are genetically identical twins. We had our kids take DNA tests and they came back as half-siblings. So Im guessing if you had twin father's too, it would look like full siblings even though they are cousins.
Why we can't freeze emissions	The sheer quantity is too much. We're talking literal tons of material, I don't have the actual stat but I think it's much more than that. It's just not viable to store it, gases are hard to contain.It's kind of what we do with nuclear, but we can do it because nuclear reactor waste is solid
Why does scratching feel so good?	I've always wondered why I've told all my exs if you ever want to really get me in a good relaxed mood scratch or rub my head.
Why do European flights fly to the US during the day and American flights fly to Europe during the night?	Flying across the Atlantic Ocean requires passing through multiple time zones. As you travel east, the change in time zones causes more hours to pass on the clock as you're in the air. Since people don't want to land in Europe in the middle of the night and because the travellers are effectively skipping over a portion of the day, it's convenient to skip over nighttime and sleep on the flight over. When you go west from Europe to the US, time zones reduce the amount of time that passes on the clock. This means that if a flight leaves Europe in the morning, it can arrive in the US in the afternoon, when it's still possible to do something worthwhile during the remainder of the day.
How does an infinite universe not violate conservation of energy and imply the existence of infinite energy	For practical cases, the answer is that it doesn't matter. We only care about the part of the universe that we can actually interact with, which is finite, and in most cases we're only really looking at the conservation of matter within a closed system. In the case that the universe is infinite in size then we still don't necessarily have a problem. You can have an infinite quantity and put the restriction on it that you don't add or subtract anything from that infinite quantity. You simply state that if some amount of energy moves from one place to another, the total sum of energy of those two regions must be constant. It simply doesn't matter whether the total amount of energy everywhere is bounded or not.The energy in the universe might be infinite , but the energy density is definitely not infinite. Also, zero energy is not impossible, you might be thinking of temperature. In which case yes, the universe cools down as it expands.
Jumping up in a plummeting elevator	So, when the cable breaks in an elevator, it lurches to a stop. You are probably between floors, but elevators don't fall. The whole mechanism that lets them go up and down depends on the tension from the cable to work, and in fact it limits the acceleration of even the fastest elevators to 1/2G. Interesting story, when the Disney Imagineering folks were working on the Tower of Terror they found the only parts that never worked were parts from elevator companies.
How can rain forests have infertile soil yet such huge growth?	Thanks so much for all your replies here! I read them all. I feel like I understand this enough now that it won't spin around my head. You were all huge help!
If our tears are salty, by don’t hurt, then why the hell does it burn when you get saltwater in your eye?	In clean ocean water the water feels better than chlorinated water. It's the impurity other than salt that cause the most burning.
Why are theatrical film's success rated by money grossed, when ticket prices rise every year? Shouldn't it be judged by amount of tickets sold?	Because it's a business. Film studios make movies for profit. They spent dollars making it, not people or tickets. Measuring box office money is an easier way to know if you're gonna profit or not.Even with inflation it’s hard to compare because of population size, number of theaters showing a moving and how many screens are showing it any one location. I know some movies will have 3-4 screens per theater. Not really a meaningful statI guess a follow up would be why a more knowledgeable public, who usually would be against any kind of corporate media manipulation for profit, are in this instance so happy to join in. & #x200B; I imagine people say "it doesn't matter" and "it's just movies" but if it doesn't matter, then why, for instance, do posts saying how much money a film has made become some of the highest-upvoted comments on this site? Clearly people think it's important enough to get excited about, and in that case people should make sure their excitement isn't based on something that is factually misleading. & #x200B; I'll also say that it's not as easy to solve as taking tickets sold per capita, as people's entertainment choices were more limited in the past, meaning a "Gone With the Wind" situation may not be possible any more. Meanwhile, marketing techniques today are more advanced and pervasive than ever before. Social media, particularly social media where less popular opinions are buried, has led to a kind of feedback loop of hype that has never been possible until now. Who can say how well Titanic would have done with today's media?Studios are companies. Companies care about making money. If a company gets many people to buy overprized tickets, it succeeded.
Why are so many sniper rifles still bolt action?	As others have said, reliability and power. Also, I've heard some former marksmen say that the bolt action allows them to carefully extract the spent cartridge from the rifle. Where as with semi-automatic, the cartridge is thrown out of the rifle after firing. I doubt this is an important reason, but it's a small benefit I guess; Having control of the spent cartridges.
How are whole cities in specific eras for movies/shows filmed?	These days it's almost entirely CGI. Specifically, if the actors and actresses don't interact with the scenery like a building or a car it will be CGI, and only the parts they interact with will be actual props and constructed sets. Usually when you see big city scenes from a different era they will dress up a small portion of the street with real props and CGI in the rest of the background, vehicles and so on.
What is the process for creating cgi effects on the scale of something like the battle for Winterfell where there are so many individual moving objects?	It's not easy, but it's not nearly as hard as it used to be. It's called digital crowds and there's a few pieces of software designed specifically for it. Basically, each actor is set up like a video game NPC with a handful of animation cycles that are driven by an AI to interact with the world around them.
What’s the difference between Nadh, Fadh and ATP?	NAD and FAD are electron carriers. So yeah, they're sort of a different form of energy storage than ATP. Our body gets energy from food by redox reactions . The electrons are carried to the electron transport chain by these carriers, where the flow of electrons is used to pump hydrogen across the mitochondrial membrane, and that gradient is used to create ATP.
Why do you never see pens with brown ink? It seems like such a common color in nature	Get brown ink smudges on fingers, take a dump, wipe and then see brown stain on finger, freak out for a second until you realize it's just ink. Not sure if this is better or worse than having red ink on fingers.Found one at work today. Stole it cuz office supplies at work and have never writne with brown ink pen before and am using it todayI’ve bought multiple multi packs of pens with brown ink- it’s just not as popular, and pen ink isn’t based off nature these days
How fish ended up in unplanted ponds and small lakes with no other water access.	There's a lake in Alaska they think may have been seeded by Birds dropping live fish they caught elsewhere
Why is lumber sold based the size it was before it went into the planer?	It's historical. Many years ago timber could only be bought in sawn sizes. Back in the day power planes hadn't been invented. Carpenters would buy it and plane it down to give a smooth finish. So they'd buy a four by two and by the time they, smoothed it off they ended up with a smaller piece of wood. I can remember back in the 70's when we had a local timber merchant. All the wood was sawn. After you bought it if you asked they would plane it down for a small extra charge.
How does NASA prevent asteroids from hitting the Earth?	Uh. Hate to break it to you but as of right now the answer to that question is above NASA's paygrade
How dirty are coins?	Coins are disgusting, like everyone else has mentioned, but they're made of copper, steel, nickel, and zinc, which are not heavy metals. Heavy metals are things like mercury, arsenic, lead, etc with a high atomic weight.ELI5? Really icky. Keep them out of your mouth.
Why is it so hard to dispose of trash?	The quality of trash isn't as great as the raw materials that went into it. Here's a concrete example: You eat a loaf of bread, you turn that into poop, can't you just dump your poop onto the wheat fields? For biological reasons, no, you don't want to put raw human waste in a place that's growing our food. Trash can be biologically hazardous or it can be poisonous or any number of other problems. Dumping it in a place where it could wash away into our water ways, or where leakage could contaminate our groundwater will cause problems. Trash disposal sites typically need expensive liners to stop groundwater contamination, and they are often covered over with dirt to prevent things from blowing or washing away. And this doesn't even mention things like decomposing material producing methane and other gasses which need to be vented or captured. Also, even very well-managed waste disposal sites can have problems like smell, which can be very negative for local communities. So now we're making decisions about putting the trash too close to humans or putting the trash too far out into nature . Neither of which are good options. It's not a matter of not having enough space, in general. It's a problem with not having enough good, safe space that isn't too close to people's homes.
I know cracking your knuckles isn’t bad for you, but it seems like everyone has a different opinion on cracking your neck. Is it actually bad for you? Why/Why not?	I recently read up a little bit on this, because my neck cracks a lot, I crack it a lot, and it's been acting up more and more lately. Apparently, there's potential to puncture blood vessels and stuff. Essentially, there's a ton of vital stuff in your neck that you don't want to screw with. And that's what I read. I've been trying to do it less lately, but it isn't going well.I 've been cracking my own neck and back my whole adult life . It has alleviated an incredible amount of pain . I have a hugely "bad back", perhaps exacerbated by 30 years doing various martial arts . So take it for what it's worth - just one man's evangelismI read that too much neck cracking can lead to strokes later in life. Could be pseudoscience, but it was disturbing and made hearing people crack their necks feel somewhat sinister all of a sudden.From what I remember from looking this up, you can cause little tears in the arteries that go into your brain. Your body doesn't like when you have leaky pipes, so, it tries to patch them up from the inside. This patch might break loose though, and can be pushed up the pipe and clog pipes further down the line in your brain. Then your brain doesn't get the blood it needs, and that part of your brain stops working and dies. And that's called a stroke!
When you get something small stuck in your eye, like an eyelash, and you can't get it out it feels like it "disappears." What happens to it?	It gets covered in eye slime, which makes it less irritating. Then it works it's way out of your eye.Sometimes when your eye gets irritated it can feel like something is in your eye when it is actually clear. So in your case, you can get an eyelash in your eye, get it all irritated, clear it out without realizing it, and then later the irritation will calm down and your eye will feel normal.
Why were prehistoric animals so much bigger than their present counterparts?	For ancient insects, it was due to higher oxygen content leading to easier oxygen absorption. For recent animals it was likely due to the fact that they were easier prey, compared to their smaller variants, for packs of early humans. For dinosaurs, I think we don't really have a good answer yet. Another thing to keep in mind is that we tend to find smaller prehistoric animals less noteworthy, so we're somewhat ignoring the full range of sizes that existed in the past.
how does cleaning up trash help the environment?	I believe landfills are engineered to be safer repositories for trash. Fresh Kills, New York City's most famous dump, is going to be a big-ass park, for example. The same can't be said if people just dump all kinds of shit all willy nilly, and then you have paint and lead and e-waste and all that stuff just hanging around
Why would storing my previous passwords be more secure than letting me use whatever password I want indefinitely?	It's about protecting you and their company from someone using an old password. Most hackers that get names and passwords don't go logging in right away, and will sit on them for awhile. By forcing you to change your password every so often, it puts an expiration date on how long the bad actors have access to your account. If you keep re-using the same passwords, it defeats the whole purpose.Another EILI5 question: why not just create a 5 second delay on password attempts? Wouldn’t this completely eliminate every kind of brute force attack easily while being almost imperceptible to a human user?', "This is actually not recommended anymore. They now recommend a 16+ character passwords with no expiration. Plenty of people already mentioned hashing so I'll leave that out here.
Why can someone fall out of a plane at 33300 feet (Vesna Vulovic) and survive but someone can fall down a flight of stairs and die	Vesna Vulovuc got extremely luckily in that she was essentially protected from the worst of the crash by the plane itself. If she had just dropped like a rock out of the air, she'd have never made it. Meanwhile, people can die from falling down the stairs because they hit the ground 'wrong'. Perhaps those folks also would've made it if they had a metal box around them 🤔
Why do video game companies make "retro" systems that emulate their older ones, instead of just making new ones?	The R & D for the shrinking would be horrendous. Just because we can make it smaller, doesn't mean it will operate exactly the same especially when you're trying to get it to run at really low clock speeds. The Allwinner R16 processor used in the Nintendo mini consoles is $7.74 at consumer levels. They're probably only paying a couple bucks each for them. They'd easily spend millions trying to fab new-old stock then still have to deal with the cartridge differences. In NES's case, some of the games had special hardware in them to off-load the work. The emulator scene has done all the hard work. They've patched the emulators and reverse engineered the games enough to get them all working. IIRC, Nintendo used community modified ROMS in the classic.
if im on a falling object and jump up from or off it, what will happen?	You can substract the speed of your jump from the speed of the falling bus, if the result still kills you, you're dead. A reasonable jump speed is 8 m/s. The acceleration of the falling bus is closer to 10. So, you're saving like one second of falling.So if the fall would have only barely killed you, yes jumping would let you survive. BUT jumping while falling propably doesn't work as well as jumping normally. So maybe you would have to hold onto something on top of the bus to properly press your feet into the roof and then let go to jump.You will keep falling at the same speed you already were and go splat. Your body does not possess the strength of jump to negate the downward force of gravity.
How does your body know how thirsty you are and how much water you need to drink to quench your thirst?	I live in a constant dehydrated state. I've never drank enough and I'm constantly told off for it . I just don't drink if I'm not thirsty and I cba to go to the toilet all the time. I have maybe 2 cups of tea a day and a 500ml bottle of squash.My body specifically tells me I am thirsty around 80% of the time. And the amount it wants me to drink is: All of the availible liquid', "The answer is your body is actually pretty bad at telling you. It will however give less of the water it does have to less important parts of the body and minimize the amount that leaves the body through urine . One other thing you can feel during dehydration is headaches, because your brain is not getting enough water. The problem is that if you don't know the signs, you do not necessarily associate the above with thirst. The rough water requirement my doctor gave me is 1 oz of water for 2 pound of body weight. You will survive with less, but it's not great for you in the long term.
What are stocks and what is insider trading? How are they related to each other?	A stock is a part of a company simply speaking. There is a limited amount of shares, if you have more than 50% you basically have the say in that company. Insider trading is if someone with inside knowledge uses that knowledge in order to gain an advantage for making money. As an example you have a lot of stocks/shares in a company but you also know internal stuff, e.g. a lawsuit or another problem that will kill the price of the share. They then sell before it's known to the public so they don't lose money. It also works the other way around, buying a lot of shares because you have inside knowledge that the price will skyrocket ", 'Stocks are fractions of ownership in a company. If you own a stock in the company you can vote on certain decisions of the company. If you own 50.1% of all the stock issued you can make controlling decisions of the company. Insider trading is making stock trades based on information that is not yet known to the public. For example if the CFO knows company A is about to buy company B that will likely impact the stock price of both companies once the info is released. So if he were to make a trade beforehand he could make money based on this “inside information” - thus it is not allowedThey definitely can and this is the most typical case. Senior execs have windows that they are and are not allowed to trade. It is all public information and must be filed with the sec. big swings outside of their normal trading is investigated.
How do series like Planet Earth capture footage of things like the inside of ant hills, or sharks feeding off of a dead whale?	A lot of the shots are also shot with specific lenses on extremely expensive cameras, they might be 500 feet away from something and just zoom in to make it seem like it's right in front of them, they even attach them to drones to get the magic shots
if a helicopter were to hover 12 hours without moving forward, would it be on the other side of the world?	The sort of lag you're thinking of is related to the Coriolis Effect. When very long-range shells are fired, the rotation of the Earth under the shell has to be accounted for to accurately target something. However, friction forces drag the atmosphere along as the Earth turns, so this limits the effect you're thinking of. Absent any other winds, a helicopter hovering at high-altitude for 12 hours would drift a little east or west from their liftoff point depending on whether that point was in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere. In reality, you're not likely to get zero winds for 12 hours, especially at high-altitude, so this effect tends to be relatively minor.Its also true that when you take off, you already get a lateral velocity of the rotation of the earth to begin with. So its not like you have to reinitiate all that kinetic energy againNo. The helicopter is suspended in the air and the air moves with the rotation of the earth. Kind of like if you put a floating ball in a cake pan full of water and slowly moved it across the counter, the ball wouldnt remain stationary, it would move with the water and pan. A better question for the flat earthers is "What does exist that will remain stationary while the earth rotates around it?" A gyro scope remains stationary to a point in space so if energized for 24 hours it would make one full rotation.It's like tossing a ball and it coming right back down in a moving car and not flying backwards
Why, if you over just above ground in a helicopter, would the earth not move beneath you?	The earth is spinning VERY fast , and the atmosphere spins very fast too, keeping pace with the Earth . Think about a fish in a fishbowl. If you pick up the fishbowl and move it around, the fish won't move relative to the ground, it will move with the water. So, the helicopter is floating in the air, which is spinning with the Earth.
Hello, I was recently wondering why the United States uses Social security numbers while most countries use identification cards.. Also I am wondering the benefits of social security.	Better to r/askanamerican about this. Basically, since we don't have universal healthcare or a single set of voting laws for the whole country or anything like that the closest thing to a national ID would be a passport, but only about ⅓ of Americans have those. Even if we did, such a thing might run afoul of the Tenth and/or Twenty-fourth Amendments . Also, [this video] by CGP Grey is really good at explaining the whole situation.
Why would drinking soda necessarily be less hydrating?	You have to understand the purposes of hydration. It's not just having enough water. Well it is, but it transcends that. It's purposes are maintaining a balance of electrolytes, supports metabolism, etc. Those are some reasons WHY water is important to begin with. Anything impeding those processes, diminishes the effect water has on it. I can pour all the water I want on a plant, but if the soil is impenetrable, the water can't do its job. What makes commercial sodas a soda, gets in the way of the water it contains. One example could be: We all need a certain level of nourishment for survival . So you eat food, but that food is contaminated with bacteria. The contamination causes cholera. So while the food entered your body , your body won't wholly benefit from the nutrition because profuse diarrhea due to cholera, prohibits absorption of the nutrients . That's why unadulterated water is important to our diets. The same way food void of cholera is. 😅
- how does currency exchange rate work? Why are some currencies more valuable than others?	All depends on the country economy and how much people are feeling safe and eager to invest there. For example usd, chf, or yen are considered strong currencies, cause they are supported by strong economies, resistive to market fluctuations. We can say that the value of the currency has strong base in: production, stable government respecting laws, laws themselves, easiness of investing and doing business. Since there is limited amount of the currency on the market - people are ready to pay more to have it. And no, country can't just print any additional money, cause that leads to inflation. This is totally opposite to currencies from some countries, where you can see political and/or economical issues or that money were printed like hell without stable economy. Strong currency has its drawbacks sometimes: country products become expensive to other nations and that may influence the export. This is for example what Switzerland have been facing with CHF.
- Why do so many people have such an intense fear of bugs and insects, most of which are completely harmless?	I'm not sure about fear. It's more about disgust, really. Flies and crawlers on rotting meat / worms in vegetables, etc.
What happens when a tap is off? Does the water just wait, and how does keeping it there, constantly pressurised, not cause problems?	Related question: If you pour tap water directly into a glass and drink that, it can taste kind of stale and warm. If you wait a couple of seconds after turning on the faucet and drink that water, it's fresher and colder. How come? Is the water that's been waiting in the pipes actually stagnant? Should people not be drinking that water in certain cases?
Why can the US Military charge and convict someone of adultery like a crime?	The legal rules are different for people in the military. They have, to a large degree, given up many of their constitutional rights, such as free speech, free association, right to move around, when and where they sleep and eat, what they wear. It's all to make them a good and useful fighting force. One of the rights they give up is also committing adultery; I know that committing adultery is not explicitly a 'right' but sleeping with who you want to, regardless of the social / relationship / marital effects is a result of your constitutional rights.Basically when someone joins the military they agree to follow all the rules and regulations. One set of that is [UCMJ] that’s where adultery and other stuff comes in.
Why do you have to buy a domain name? And who are you buying it from?	Everything on the Internet has an address, which is a bunch of hard to remember numbers and dots, like 10.250.6.119 . A domain name is just an easy-to-remember alias that you can use in place of that number, like _URL_4_ People usually buy them for their website or email address. You license the name, then pay a company to tell anyone on the Internet who is looking for _URL_5_ to go to your IP address.
Why can't automakers sell direct to consumer? Wouldn't that be way cheaper?	It might be cheaper, but it also requires them to set up a whole infrastructure outside of what they normally do. Building sales lots and hiring salespeople is very different from building a factory and hiring engineers. Some companies find it more advantageous to specialize and just let other companies handle other things. It's the same as why restaurants buy their material from farmers instead of growing their own food, and why farmers buy seeds from seed companies instead of producing their own. There are advantages to division of labor. Now, some car manufacturers do want to sell direct to consumers now, but existing dealerships aren't down with losing that business, so they've lobbied politicians for laws that prevent auto manufacturers from doing this. In many states it is actually illegal for auto makers to sell to consumers now.
Why does the media and people put importance or make a deal when talking about the royal family.	Because they're all popular and celebrities. Also, bear in mind that a majority of the media you're exposed to is probably from English-speaking countries like America or the UK, so there's that aspect to it as well. English-speaking countries have a history of relationships with the UK, and so the UK royal family is going to be more well-known and more reported on than celebrities from non-English speaking nations.
Why does our brain occasionally fail at simple tasks that it usually does with ease, for example, forgetting a word or misspelling a simple word?	I forgot how to spell 'Fish' once. Scared the crap out of me, Thought I was having a stroke or something. Just could not recall how to spell Fish. It was really weird and I still remember the feeling.
What is the difference in paying more in taxes for universal health care than the amount we pay for insurance currently?	That's always been an interesting comment to me. I've been told that US pays less than taxes than us Canadian, but that the US citizens have to also get health insurance. However, I've worked in Canada and the US and I honestly don't see the difference, I lose ~30% of my annual income to taxes in both countries. So is there really a difference?
why didn't Germany invade Switzerland?	The Nazis wanted to invade Switzerland, but they weren't in a rush. Thankfully the war ended before they even tried.Plot Twist: Switzerland ordered and used Germany to conquer and loot all the European countries
When a phone charger is plugged in, why doesn’t it cause electrocution when touched?	I'm no expert. But I know the plug-in gets 110-120 volts AC at the wall. Enough to kill you. The small box steps it from this, down to 5 volts DC. The required amount to charge your phone. But don't be fooled, never NEVER let kids or animals play with or chew on the phone end of a charger.You’re not grounding out the circuit. Also, touch your iPhone cord to your tongue when plugged in, and you’ll feel a little bit of a shock, more like a tingle. It just isn’t a lot, since the “brick” regulates how much current and voltage it sent to your phoneIt is an insulated wire which is not conductive. If you were to make contact with the metal prongs as they are being plugged into the electrical source you will get shocked.
How do “rules” work during a war?	No one really enforces during. Mostly you'd have to deal with the rest of the world not wanting to be involved with you after the fact. Like North Korea has a hard time finding people willing to play in the sandbox with them, because the UN can apply sanctions to countries that trade with them. Additionally if you commit war crimes and your side loses you can be tried and killed after the fact like Sadam Hussein. Also it could ignite others to declare war against you and now you've got multiple enemies. Short answer is cause War doesn't happen in a vacuum.
What happened to the Chernobyl's power plant nuclear reactor, and what caused the accident to be so fatal so instantaneously?	Chernobyl's reactor experienced an over-power event due to a combination of dangerous design and unsafe management by the controllers. When the reactor went over it's rated power output it boiled the coolant in the reactor vessel, which caused a huge power spike , and the reactor vessel exploded. With the top of the reactor being blown off the extremely hot internal components were exposed to air and immediately began to burn. The fire spread a large amount of radioactive debris across a large area.You ever looks at the spinning blades of a fan and wonder what would happen if you stuck your finger into the spinning blade? The Russians were running a test on the reactor with about as much wisdom as sticking your finger into the fan. The russian reactor was built inherently unsafe, like 100 year old electric fans, which lacked even a basic fan guard that would prevent someone from sticking their finger into the fan. Much as one might expect the result of putting your finger in the path of a spinning blade, Chernobyl did exactly what one would expect a nuclear reactor would do when cooling is removed from a reactor. Chernobyl happened because sometimes people do stupid things. REALLY stupid things!!! It went bad so fast, because it is a nuclear reactor they were messing withThe nuclear waste that builds up in the fuel is lethally radioactive for years or decades. Once it gets out it can kill people in seconds to minutes if it isn’t shielded. As for the cause of the accident, the operators disabled all the safety systems and violated their reactor core safety limits to try and do a special test and placed the core into a very unstable state where it behaved more like a poorly designed nuclear bomb and had a power spike.
How does a fall from heights kill a person immediately?	Well, people don't always die immediately in situations where they plain observation would suggest that they're dead. Still, there isn't one singular cause, but most of the causes would likely converge toward nerve trauma in your brain and/or your spine. This is caused by the sudden massive deceleration that is forced on you by hitting the ground. [F = m*a]. The sudden change from high velocity to 0 come with a lot of deceleration which is also a LOT of force. And your body has to absorb that. Things like your brain colliding with your skull, your bones snapping, and etc. will put your system into shock pretty fast.
Why do all soda companies have the same size and shape of can/bottle?	It's in Pepsi and Coca-Cola's best interests that they are both able to bottle their drinks anywhere on the planet and that they bottles will both fit into common sized shelves and fridges, and will pack evenly into common sized trucks and pallets. They are kind of in on it together.
Why are China's economic policies considered a threat to the US? Isn't the US being benefited by trade with China?	One part of the process is intellectual property theft. It's not just knock-off brands that leech off the reputation to pawn off cheap-ass goods, it's the literal theft of technology and techniques that other companies invested tons of money to develop. The chinese government doesn't just turn a blind eye to this theft, they've set things up to make it easier for it to happen
why do baby teeth come out straight and even, but adult teeth come out crooked and crowded?	The quicker you get the baby teeth out the straighter your adult teeth will be. Reisin chocolate chew it yanks teeth out like no other. Never had braces. My family all has crooked teeth. Once I realized chewing these yanks teeth out in 1 mins or less I used them for all my teeth. The only crooked tooth I have is the one I waited for, I wanted my adult tooth to push it out like a shark and failed miserably. It's my only crooked tooth.Follow on question why do we have baby teeth and then adult teeth?
why can't some animals be completely domesticated?	There's an interesting [video of CGP Grey] about that. It boils down to four factors: feedable, friendly, fecund and family friendly. - feedable: they should eat anything, or at least something that is everywhere or easy to grow. So, herbivores or omnivores. - friendly: they shouldn't be dangerous. - fecund: their mating habits should be so simple and fast that a single human generation can raise and track multiple animal generations. - family friendly: some species have family hierarchies that human can exploit by becoming their top hierarchy . Others, have a social structure and we can exploit forming packs that satisfy our needs .From what I understand , the animals have to have a hierarchal group social structure where people can be substituted for the pack leader.
what causes thunder to have a sound?	Each bolt of lightning delivers about 1,000,000 joules. That's enough power to run your house for a week! When this power travels through the atmosphere, it heats it up to way over the temperature of the sun. This sudden introduction of heat causes rapid expansion of the atmosphere, which results in a massive sound wave; A literal explosion that shakes everything nearby.after the plasma during the lightening collapses, the surrounding air fills in the void. The air clapping against each other is the thunder.

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