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Why does using cellular data have such a big hit on battery life?	To get more data the radio needs to work harder, which takes more power. The radio is the second largest power consumer in your phone behind the screen, so if you're say streaming netflix you're killing your battery because you're asking the radio to do a ton of work and then using it to watch a movie.When you are using cellular data, your phone is literally converting energy that was inside the battery into messages to send to the internet. If you want that message to go extra far, you in general need more energy. How tired would you get if you were shouting out messages all day that were loud enough for people to hear thousands of feet away?
What exactly is the true north?	True north is based on geometry, and points directly to the geographic/geodetic North Pole ). The magnetic and geodetic north poles aren't at the same geographic spot , so true north and magnetic north don't end up pointing in the same direction most of the time. We just use magnetic north because it's much easier to measure and requires significantly fewer and less expensive tools as opposed to access to a GPS system, or a sextant and some astronomical charts)."True" north is the line that you would draw across the surface of the earth from your position to the geographic north pole -- meaning the piece of land at the physical "top" of the world. We can use a compass to get an estimate of where this is, but a compass doesn't know anything about geography. Instead, the compass is able to pick up on the magnetic field of the earth and point to the "north" of that magnetic field. That point -- as you note -- happens to be pretty close to the geographic north pole, but doesn't always line up and in fact changes over time.Your compass relies on magnetic fields, it aligns itself between magnetic north and magnetic south. These are basically the poles on the axis the earth's molten core is rotating around. True north and true south refer to the poles on the axis that the crust of the earth is rotating around Magnetic south is currently better example of the difference between magnetic and true pole than the north pole. The magnetic south pole is about 2000 miles south of Australia and 100 miles North of Antarctica, sitting at -64.28, 136.59
Why are entire cornfields left intentionally unharvested?	First, the corn you are seeing in is not what we humans generally eat. Humans generally each "sweet corn". What you are seeing is "field corn" - stuff that animals eat and stuff that is turned into various manufactured products. Basically you don't want to harvest the corn until it is really, really brown. The reason is because you want the corn to be really, really dry. So no, the food is not going to wasteSometimes as well, that corn is used to facilitate hunting. Deer eat that corn, so you leave it up to feed deer. This brings more deer to your land. Other animals such as pheasants and grouse may eat corn/use it as protection so people keep it up for hunting purposes too.
Why does being angry/annoyed for an extended period make your stomach hurt?	When you are angry or annoyed you are likely stressed, meaning you are producing the stress hormone . Cortisol is released when the sympathetic nervous system is activated. The system temporarily stops digestion and absorption. Frequent and excessive release of cortisol can cause inflammation . Combined, this causes stomach pain. On a side note, magnesium can inhibit excess cortisol production, so the magnesium pills you can find at a local health food store, for example, can help you if you suffer from anxiety or are constantly stressed. Excessive cortisol production is unhealthy and has cardiovascular, immune, and blood sugar effects.
Do animals experience similar symptoms of periods (cramps, mood swings, sleepiness, overall blah?)	Sort of, if you 've ever seen a pet in heat you can tell that they aren't themselves. I 've had rats that got ratty, and a cat that got catty, even by the standards of their species. The rats were especially notable because they're sweet, gentle beasts, but they turned into little bitches who would nip your fingers if you tried to drag them out of their house. Humans are somewhat different because unlike most animals that are only fertile a few times a year, we are always fertile. Our reproductive systems work round the clock, which causes a lot of stress on the body. Consider it to be like a computer: most animals have binary states, either "fertile" or "infertile", whereas we are analogue, and are either "more fertile" or "less fertile" along a spectrum, but it is unnatural for us to be both infertile and in childrearing age. Maintaining our reproductive system is very stressful on the body, and the flood of hormones can cause discomfort, mood swings, irritability, physical pain, etc., but that all depends on the individual. Some women don't get any side effects from their menstrual cycles whatsoever, others need to dose themselves with powerful painkillers to survive itHave you ever seen a cat in heat?', "I think it's worth mentioning that only very few species menstruate as in bleed out of their vagina. Many animals re-absorb the uterus membrane.
Difference between Medicare and Medicaid	Medicare is for people on social security it tends to offer more generous coverage. Medicaid is for those with low income. Most of it's funds come from the federal government, but administered by each state so the program varies rather widely by state. In general, Medicaid doesn't tend to reimburse doctors that well as Medicare so it isn't always widely accepted by doctors.Medicare is for old and cripples Medicaid is for the poor This text is pointless and is added only to appease the stupid auto-moderator that thinks this question required more than a one line explanation.
How were they able to make such precise world maps 300 years before, when nobody had the possibility to get on anything higher than a mountain?	Making maps isn't about getting to a high point and drawing what you see. Map making, perhaps more technically surveying, is about taking measurements of things like distances and angles, recording them in a big list, and then using that list of numbers to draw a map. A bit of imagination was often used to fill in coastlines or other details but the overall shape and distances where all derived by measurement and math. Have you ever seen people in high visibility vests peering into some sort of box/tiny telescope on a tripod while another guy a distance away is standing next to a pole? They're surveying an area to create a very accurate map needed for construction or some other project. While todays tools have little digital readouts and lasers the old tools looked very similar and simply used protractors, weights on a string, compasses and measured lengths of rope .
What exactly are goosebumps and why do we get them from a variety of emotions?	This one is fun! You know when a cat gets angry? Its fur puffs up and it looks like a big Tribble? That's it. The cat is getting goosebumps. It just has fur on top of the bumps. Now, this reaction is used for a variety of things. We often notice it when we are cold. On mammals who do have fur, puffing it up traps a layer of warm air next their skin. To a degree, this does still work with us - especially for the hairier among us. The variety of emotions which can trigger puffy hair vary from species to species and individual to individual. This is speculation, but emotionally triggered goosebumps probably exist because looking bigger never hurts when emotions are high.
Why do you pee more when you're in a cold environment than in a warm one?	Sweat doesn't magically come from nowhere. It is water coming from your body, same as evaporation from your breath. Water you sweat out is water you won't urinate out. If you are dehydrating you will barely urinate if you do at all.
When a specific noise wakes you up, how come you can recognise the noise even though you were just asleep?	Bias. You are only aware of noise when it wakes you up. You aren't aware of the noise you slept through. When you are in deep sleep , you are very hard to wake up. Your brain takes in a relatively tiny amount of environmental information. Your brain prioritizes keeping you asleep. You generally feel like crap when you wake up directly out of deep sleep. When you are in lighter stages of sleep , you take in more environmental information and are also at a point where you wake up more easily. You cycle through these stages during the night, so there are a few points during the night when you are likely to wake up if you are disturbed. Sleep isn't an off/on switch. Think of it as a spectrum.
When posting a link into a comment how do you edit it to appear as different text instead of the actual web address link?	You can also use the "formatting help" link right below the input box . When you click it, it brings up all of the formatting syntax without refreshing the page or changing anything you 've typed so far.I don't know about the Reddit is Fun app specifically, but Reddit uses Markdown formatting, so you should just be able to do something like this: [This is a link to google] Which produces output like this: [This is a link to google]
what happens when I click on "Safely Eject Hardware" in the Windows Tray?	If you're asking what happens when you click on the icon, it is just giving you a list of removable storage devices that you can disconnect. The repetition is to make it easier to identify which device you want to disconnect. If you want to disconnect fappy's device, you can do it by type or name. If you're asking why you need to disconnect it, that's because the data essentially exists in two places. And all changes are not made until you eject the device. Imagine you have two buckets, bucket A and bucket B. In bucket A you have some water. You want to pour the water into the bucket B, but instead of waiting to make sure you're finished pouring all of the water from A to B, someone randomly snatches bucket B away. Now, all the water may have been poured into bucket B, and it probably has been because that bit of water pours fast, but then again there may be a bit of a mess to clean up. And water on the floor is very corrupt water.
Why is it that when some people read while reading in a car it can make people sick?	You brain is receiving two separate signals. Your eyes are telling you that you are stationary while your ears are telling you you're moving. This co fuses the brain and generally causes motion sickness.
Why is it impossible to achieve total Game Balance in RPGS/MMORPGS games in general?	Imagine that you are playing tag in the playground. Johnny and his friends all play tag together, The school has just released a whole new set of equipment for the playground and this included a whole set of shoes! Now to start with everyone just wears the things that are most fun. But Johnny figures out that the red shoes are actually 2% faster than any of the other shoes! Johnny is actually very good at Tag and plays a lot of tag after school as well so uses these shoes all the time. All the other players that were good at tag are now not as good as Johnny because of his shoes. So they all buy the red shoes until over 50% of people are wearing the red shoes! Now Billy, who only sometimes plays tag and isn't as good as everyone else, but he doesn't mind, because he has fun. But now, most times he gets tagged it is by someone wearing red shoes! Johnny begins to think that it isnt fair and he should buy some red shoes as well and is upset every time he gets caught. In his mind, the red shoes are totally over powered because he only ever gets caught by people in red shoes, but in reality they are only 2% better, just everyone has adopted them! Basically: There will always be one item that is the best. And people that are trying to be #1 will always use that item. Even if it was 0.001% better, it would still be used!
What did early Humans do on an average day?	Life wasn't "nasty, brutish and short". According to the latest research, hunter/gather societies had massive amounts of free time. If you go back to just the Medieval era, the so-called "peasants" could hardly be persuaded to work for more than an hour or two a day, because they met all their own needs via their own hands . I don't have references to hand as I'm on my mobile. Out tech-heavy life--and our capitalistic, corporate-driven lifestyle--isn't easy by any stretch, since we spend 8 to 10 hours working for someone else for money to pay for all these nifty pointless gadgets. Life was simple in the distant past: eat, sleep, sex, storytelling, exploring, just "being".
The difference between 4x4 and All-Wheel-Drive	Main difference is AWD is "always on" whereas 4x4 is a selector that can be turned on or off. 4x4 locks a differential so all 4 wheels travel at the same speed, and is best suited for low speeds on rugged/slippery terrain, and not higher "normal" driving speeds. AWD systems are more complex and can work in tandem with ABS systems to reduce wheel spin, and can be used in higher speeds .
Why do I get chest freezes instead of brain freezes?	Brain Freeze is a referred pain, from the esophagus. There are a few places in your body that this happens, where the pain occurs in one place and is felt elsewhere. In this case the pain in your esophagus caused by something cold is felt in your brain. If you get chest/back/esophagus freeze, it's your body simply not referring the pain. It doesn't mean your defective, as far as I'm concerned it's your body working correctly. You're feeling the pain where it is occurring. I get esophagus freeze instead of brain freeze too. I think I might actually prefer getting a brain freeze, because sometimes it becomes difficult to breathe!
What happens to a landfill when it's full?	TYL the highest mountains in florida are landfills.They cover it over with plastic sheeting and fiber mesh to keep any chemicals from leaking out, then they put tubes down into the landfill, extending out of the mesh, allowing any gasses to be dispersed into the air and not create a fire hazard. Then they just cover it in dirt and usually seed grass and/or shrubs. The landfill has to be continually monitored inside and out to make sure no chemicals are leeching into the water table, but otherwise it's ready to have things built on it or turned into parkland.They usually get sealed, covered in topsoil, and turned into green space . They are continually monitored for stability, to ensure no harmful material gets through the barriers and into the groundwater. Then the government issues municipal bonds, or hits up taxpayers, to build a new one. This why recycling is important -- use your landfill for as long as possible!
How Does a Neon Light Work?	Say for a moment you're an atom. An atom who has alllll sorts of electrons easily available on it's uppermost layer of electron shells. Why, a noble gas to be specific, the most charmed of the element classes. We'll call you "Neon" So, you, Neon is having a -bitchin\'- time in it's lowest energy state, just chilling and having a great time with life. BUT THEN! An electron smacks into the Neon. A stray electron from the wrong side of town. One of Neons electrons, one of the ones on the outer layer, make like a domestic cat and absorb it, puffing up an energy level to keep the energy. So now Neon has an excited electron waaaaay to many layers away from it's core, whizzing about merrily at the speed of light. As we all well know, it is a social faux pas to have an electron in such an excited state and Neon has a party to get to. So this excited electron is pulled back into the Neon, but it has to lose energy to do that. To that end, the electron emits a wavelength of light to bleed off some energy as it returns to its normal state. Do this a couple million times in an enclosed glass tube and you get a Neon light.LY5: It's basically a big, continuous electric spark in a glass tube. High voltages are fed into the ends of the tube. Electricity goes through the tube, causing light to be created as the electrons move from atom of atom in the gas that's inside the tube. The tube is filled with special gasses and chemical powders that make the spark different colors, instead of the usual purple-blue-white color of an electric spark in regular air. _URL_0_
How has the US managed to mono crop for so long?	It used to be a lot more important to rotate crops before artificial fertilizers and mechanized farming. The reason for crop rotation is that most crops pull nitrogen from the soil without replacing it, but a few crops pull it from the air and put it back in the soil. Leaving fields to lie fallow is also important, because that lets the leftover organics from previous seasons decompose and get processed by worms and other bugs, which puts even more good stuff back inMono-cropping became possible without major damage to the soil in the late 1800s with the invention of chemical fertilizers. That puts the nitrogen and other chemicals back into the soil in a manner similar to crop rotation, only faster so it allows for mono crop focusingAlso note, farming today is big business are pretty cutting edge science. I saw a show and they like, use satellites to figure out what part of a field needs what nutrient when.
Why do police Tasers have cameras on them but not their guns?	Police officer and Taser Instructor here: Taser has a monopoly on Conducted Electrical Weapons. So any CEW you see an officer use is made by Taser. They offer cameras for thier devices . There is no monopoly on what guns police departments use. They are issued many, many brands and models. Some officers must provide thier own guns. Gun cameras alsob make guns heavier, harder to wield, and harder to holster . Taser cameras can be small because they just run off the battery of the device itself. A gun camera needs it's own power supply.
Why are people so politically charged?	Mostly because our lives are directly impacted by who our government officials are. In America we vote to have Laws passed, therefore everyone who votes whether they are for Or against this law they are all entitled their opinion. Some political views such as abortion are extremely heated, and both sides do have valid arguments that's why there hasn't been a final law written on this subject. Hope that helped a little I'm sure there will be better answers but that's my best shot at the moment. Edit: Also to hit the point on racial issues. Sometimes when people openly say racist things some people have the urge to give them their own opinion as well. If you are going to post something offensive and it happen to be taken racially. I feel like most people try to give that person a point of view that will perhaps make them not feel so hateful. The wrong way to handle this is to just let that person get you angry and fall in their trap.Tribalism. It's about belonging to a group. Most people adopt whatever opinions their "team" supports, and perceive any attack on those opinions as attacks on their peer group. Humans are social animals and we came to dominate this planet due to our ability to form tight social bonds, but sometimes it goes bad.People want their ideas to survive, and survival for ideas means you spread and defend them. If someone is loud about theirs, and you're not loud about yours, yours are less likely to survive. That causes debates.
Why do many languages have different letters from each other, but numbers are written is the same way everywhere?	Actually, numbers [aren't written the same everywhere]. There are other variants in use across the world, too.Numbers aren't written the same everywhere. Arabic numerals have become an international standard for mathematics and science so the are taught everywhere, though. Languages still often have their own numbers that are used for some purposes. Like we have "one" and "1", and we have Roman "I" and we use others too. [ Check out Japanese numbers.]
The Nordic Model in prostitution criminalization.	I looked wikipedia map but i live in Finland and prostitution is legal as long as you are 18 or over and not a victim of sex trafficking I'm not sure how it works because i haven't done that but as far as i know prostitutes meet their customers at their own home, and they advertise on internet. Sex workers also have their own union
How Do Fish, Dolphins, Sharks and other Aquatic Creatures sleep?	Disclaimer: I'm not 100% sure on this I read somewhere that they kind of switch between the right and left side of the brain, the alternation gives each side time to rest without actually sleeping.
What would happen if the US dug itself out of debt?	There have been a lot of questions about the US debt so try the search if you want more information about it, I'll focus on the "what if". In general, debt isn't bad. Money from debt is spent on infrastructure and facilities which grow the economy overall, if the growth is larger than the debt acquired, then the country is ahead and all is good. Extending from this, without debt the US would not be able to grow its economy as quickly or efficiently as other nations, it would need to wait until they collected enough taxes to afford the infrastructure they wanted to build. On a personal level this is bad if you 'd like a new bridge, highway, school, aircraft carrier, etc. Internationally, countries holding US debt have a vested interest in the US economy doing well. This wouldn't be a factor if nobody owned any US debt. And of course countries would be investing their money elsewhere so other stable economies will likely be able to benefitIf we had no debt at all? We 'd probably be worse off. Debt for governments is good. The US isn't in any "trouble" right now. We have no problem paying our bills, and will continue to do soIf the debt magically went down to zero over night, nothing much would happen. The government will still be issuing treasury bonds,the debt and lending rates would stay steady, and the national debt would start accumulating again because of Medicare costs. Although actually paying off the debt , would cause a pretty catastrophic economic depression. _URL_1_ _URL_0_
If you were to put a person in a tub of room temperature water, and raised it a few degrees at a time, could you kill them without discomfort?	What comes to mind is the boiled frog experiment. The basic "idea" behind it is that if you put a frog in a pot of water and slowly raise the temperature, it'll die before jumping out. This is a widespread myth but it's untrue. It's likely based on experiments done in the mid 1800's, where scientists found out that a frog that had its brain removed wouldn't jump out of a slowly heated pot of water. Emphasis on the removed brain part. Regular, mentally intact frogs would jump out, of course. So, no. Eventually the heat would start damaging your cells and your nerves would tell you, "This is TOO HOT, you need to get out of here."', "No, it's like how water evaporates at a certain point. You can't trick it by boiling it slowly. After a certain temperature, your skin and nerves become damaged enough to tell your brain something's severely wrong .
How are messages sent through wires?	You speak into a receiver. In the receiver is a magnetic cone attached to a metal loop. In an old phone the metal loop is attached to a wire that travels to a operating board that connects your line to the person you are trying to reach. When you speak, the magnetic cone vibrates with the sound. The magnet moving back and forth causes an alternating current that oscillates to the sound received. This current travels along the line to a speaker that transform the electrical signal back to sound. I'm not sure, but I think the regular phone lines are still analog. If it is digital , there is a step that changes analog to digital using thresholding. Then the signal travels to an antenna attached to a digital to analog converter. If the signal travels through air the signal also gets modulated so it will not cause interference.
Why do some beards have spots and is there a way to avoid them before growing out a beard for the first time?	Beards have spots because those are places you do not grow facial hair. This is determined by genetics and if you have them there is no way to avoid them or to make the beard grow more thickly. You simply will be unable to grow a beard that looks normal/proper.
What's the difference between Shia vs. Sunni Islam?	After Muhammad died the Muslims had to choose a new caliph . The first few were chosen without controversy. The fourth caliph, Ali, was assassinated in 661 which split the Muslims.\r\rShiites emphasized blood descent in choosing the caliph. They thought Ali's grandchildren should be caliph. Sunnis thought the caliph should be chosen through consensus. Today,they make up a large majority of Muslims.\r\rOther than the fact that they recognize different caliphs as the true one, they don't really have major differences.
How can the universe expand into something if the universe is considered everything?	> Why is it expanding? As far as we can tell it's always been expanding, and nothing is stopping it from continuing. In fact, our latest observations suggest it's picking up speed. Due to what? We have no idea: that's "dark energy". Figure that out, and there is almost certainly a Nobel Prize waiting for you. > What is there to expand into? If the universe is infinite, nothing. If the universe is finite, we can't know. The observable universe is definitely smaller than the universe, so if there is an edge out there, we have no way of observing or reaching it, ever. I know neither or these possibilities are very gratifying, but there it is.Asking where it is expanding into is kind of a non sequiter. The universe is all we know, how can it be expanding if there's nothing around it? The answer is that it's expanding. And we don't know why or where to. Think of drawing a grid on a deflated balloon. Place two points on the grid that are two grid squares apart Then inflate the balloon. Points on the grid are now further apart. But in relation to the grid, they are still two grid squares apart. The grid on the balloon is our universe. We can observe the expansion, but the surroundings are unclear to us. The person inflating the balloon is named dark energy. We don't know where he comes from or why he's expanding the balloon. But we do know that it's happening.
Why does Pepsi lose it's fizz/carbonation so much faster than Coke?	Because the carbonation is different. Less CO2 dissolved in Pepsi than in Coke. The bottle size can play a role too, usually big bottles are less carbonated.
Why do certain vehicles like a Toyota Tacoma have unreal resell value, while others such as a Ranger are deemed useless at a comparable age?	It's believed that at 200k miles, the Toyota will still be going strong, while the Ford will be scrap. I don't have any statistics to back this up, but I've seen several Toyotas live through several generations of Fords and Chevys.
Why do you need to “come out”?	It's all about expectations. Most people are straight, so most people expect you to be straight. This expectation provides a framework for interacting with you. For example, if you're a teenage guy, and your friend is a teenage guy, he might talk about some hot girl in class, and expect you to find her attractive, too, and may try to convince you, if you don't share the same opinion. Or your grandmother might be trying to play matchmaker between you and a friend's granddaughter, because she thinks you might like her and wants to see you happy. Or maybe there's a girl in your class who's interested in you, and keeps dropping hints that you should ask her out. If you're gay, you won't meet these expectations, and may feel like you're disappointing people. If you come out as gay, however, then everyone you tell can alter this set of expectations . Your buddy won't bother trying to convince you that she's attractive, your grandmother won't try to set you up with girls, and the girl won't take your rejection personally. Basically, saying, "I'm gay," is just a shortcut to altering all of these expectations. It also serves as a buffer for shock, so your parent/friends/whatever can have their reaction before finding out the person you 've been dating is actually a guy.That's because most people are straight. It's not surprising if you are what 99 percent of people are.
Why do people go for coffee/tea/a drink as a way of meeting each other for a chat?	It's an open, public place, and it's something fairly non-committal. If you sit down for a full meal, you're there for probably the better part of an hour. If you grab a coffee, you can chat for as long or short as you like depending on what's going on. It's also pretty cheap, only spending a few bucks for a drink rather than maybe $20 or more for a full meal. Timing is also more flexible. You can grab a drink whenever, but going for a meal at something like 3:00 in the afternoon is a bit odd.
Why do only 5-10 people answer questions or provide discussion in a classroom?	Some people don't know the answer. Some people are shy. Some people are scared of being seen as a nerd.
Why did Forbes estimate 50 Cent's worth to be $155 million when his lawyer says that he is worth no more then $4.4 million?	Forbes wants to publish articles about impressive people, so they have a motive to push the number higher. The lawyer has a motive to protect his client's funds, so they have a motive to push the number lower. Proper answer is somewhere in the middle. Wealth can be pretty complicated once you move past simple assets.
The accent from the 1940s/50s that no one seems to use anymore	It's the Transatlantic accent; an artificial accent used by broadcasters meant to sound equally acceptable to Americans and British: _URL_0_
How can people who work M-F 9-5, accomplish anything?	We do a lot on our lunch breaks. Also, in most major cities there are a lot of offices open late at least one day out of the week. Real estate agents work well into the evening and the post office is open on weekends. Plus so much can be done online these days, you can pretty much accomplish anything at any time.Depends. If you're salary, you just leave. If you're hourly and you have a good boss, you clock out and leave. If you're hourly and have a shitty boss you don't accomplish anything or you get fired.Not in a normal city. Post office, DMV, and damn near everything is open on Saturday. Real Estate offices are very busy on weekends and realtor do a lot of work on Saturdays.
How are daily fantasy leagues NOT considered a form of gambling?	Gambling or not is irrelevant. The law says fantasy games are allowed and poker isn't. The law also says that betting on horses is legal subject to a separate law, and betting on horses is certainly gambling. People can debate you on your comparison up there, but it really doesn't matter. the law says poker is illegal and fantasy is legal.Your idea is correct however when the laws were written in many states there were exemptions for fantasy sports arguing that it is not gambling and instead skill. This was before same day fantasy sports were a thingBecause there is no law naming it a form of gambling or otherwise making it subject to gambling laws.Yarr, ye forgot yer searchin' duties, for twas asked by those what came before ye!]
Why do words sometimes seem like they're spelled wrong when I think about it for too long?	Gestaltzerfall, which is basically a more pedantic way to explain when you stare at the particular character, or words in this case , and a part of your brain whose job is to store the visual information wears out and does not function very effectively. Your brain is tired of seeing the same set of characters to the point where it refuses to recognize it anymore
Why do I have to close unrelated apps/programs when installing an app/program update on my Mac and/or PC?	Internet browsers can often use plugins from other software/suites e.g. Microsoft Word/office. If the browser is open during the update then this might cause a failure to update microsoft office completely, as it also needs to update the plugins.Shared DLL's . You can't modify that file if anybody is using it, even in read-only mode.
the gender wage gap, and if it's a "Myth" or not.	It's real. Women get paid less than men for the same work . The "myth" part that has caused recent attention is that the figure 0.77 $ for women per $1 for men has been used a lot and it turns out it's not accurate because it wasn't controlled properly for hours. Women also work fewer hours. When you adjust for hours the gap is smaller but still exists.In the US? It's a little of both. The 'myth' part is that women get paid $0.77 for every $1 men makes. That's true on average, but doesn't normalize the stat for the same job. Women get paid closer to $0.93 for the same work but they tend to gravitate to some lower paying professions less so to higher paid occupations . So the wage gap is a little more subtle. Maternity leave sucks in the us compared to some parts of Europe. That tends to cost women opportunities or steer them to more family-friendly and lower-paying jobs. There is also subtle sexism and culture steering women in particular directions. You don't think it's there until you visit a country with real gender equality .Unfortunately it is real but its definitely decreasing as women take on more fields and succeed more in educating themselves. Last i heard it was about 80 cents for evrry 1 dollar a man makes
Why has the global temperature spiked so dramatically in the last 10-20 years even though that's the timespan we've become aware of global warming and started trying to combat it?	Guess what happened before 20 years ago? Rampant pollution while being oblivious. "Just exhaust it, planet Earth will pick up the slack and balance out" was the mentality back then.Because awareness doesn't imply doing something about it, the efforts to combat it are tiny, oil was cheap, and the alternative tech wasn't there.
Whenever there is a race, why do the cars sitting all the way in the back still have to finish first?	There's a qualifying round before the main race where the racers try to set the fastest time. They are lined up in order of their qualifying time.
Why are Honda Civics so popular in the car modding community?	because they are popular generally. the car is incredibly reliable, the availability of parts is high - both scrap and off-the-shelf. If you're going to start making parts for a car-mod community you're already dealing with a subset of car owners, you don't want to make your market even smaller by picking an uncommon car.Parts are plentiful and cheap, when modified they go fairly fast, people like the scene that comes with unicorn vtec power and many peoples first car is a civic so its an easy place to start out.
Why is February only 28 days long?	Because a long time ago a group of people we will call Romans decided they needed to know how long between planting seasons. They made a calendar. On this calendar, they counted out ten months. To be fair to each of the months, they made them all equal of 30 days. That made a 300 day year, which even a five year old knows is too short. The Romans got around this by not counting the sucky days of winter. The best part of this system was that you didn't have to take just one snow day in the winter, the entire winter was a snow day. The other good thing was that the year started on the first day of Spring. What better way to have a NYE party? Eventually, some hard-working bureaucrat figured out that the year was a lot closer to 400 days than 300 and finally settled on 355 days for a year. Why 355? Because the Romans thought even numbers were unlucky and no one wanted an unlucky month. In order to make the 355 days of a year, he changed some months to 29 days and others to 31. That still meant that one month would have to have an even number. Rather than add a day to a 29 day month, he figured he would shorten a new month he created. February got selected to be the last month of the year and the shortest month of the year. I am happy with that. I would have been happier if he decided February was only two weeks and added a few more days to June, but what can you do?
The arguments against GMO's	Diet in America has been going through fads in the past decades. The argument against GMOs is as much social and emotional as it is scientific. Most people don't read scientific journals, so their understanding of the issue comes from less objective or reliable sources.Some people who have a "natural = good, unnatural = bad" mentality and see GMOs as bad because of it. Also, there are lots of people who equate GMOs with the Monsanto company, which has pretty scummy business practices, and their opinion of GMOs is therefore negative.It is. But: Higher vulnerability because of less diversity in the gene pool for plants. Entire crop yields could be at risk if a certain virus or disease happens to hit a weak spot that strain of plant. GMO seeds are controlled by a few very large multinationals . Farmers have very little bargaining power for GMO seeds; they have to pay a premium for using those seeds and the growing methods for those crops. They're also not allowed to keep the seeds. Even farmers who aren't using GMO seeds whose plants interbreed with GMO plants are required to destroy them.
Why are most skyscrapers gray or blue and not other colors?	Well, skyscrapers are covered by glass on the outside. Glass is light, resistant and allows you to have great views. If the sky is blue, the building will look blue. If the sky is cloudy then it will look gray. Look at a skyscraper when the sunset is happening and it will reflect a different color.Also there are other color of glasses like golden, blue or smoked or tainted to filter the sun light. ;)
Why is debating another person so appealing?	Debating forces you to examine your own thoughts more closely. It challenges your mind. It's like sports, only better because it's your brain, not your muscle that wins or loses.
Where does Europe end?	Europe's Eastern border is usually drawn at the Ural River, the Ural Mountains, the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Turkey is in both Europe and Asia - the western bank of the Bosphorus is in Europe, and the eastern bank is in Asia. Western Russia is usually seen as being in Europe; again, the Ural Mountains in Russia generally mark the border with Asia.The Eastern edge of the Ural mountains in Russia is the traditional boundary used. _URL_0_
How do our bodies acclimate to hot/cold temperatures?	Our brains have a "thermostat" to maintain a constant body temperature. It controls heating/cooling functions like sweating, shivering, and keeping blood circulation closer to our core to conserve heat or circulating it to our extremities to cool off by dissipating heat. As other posters have mentioned, humans can generate some heat by increasing metabolism in specialized fat cells , but it is not the main way we adult humans regulate our body temperature . This thermostat's set point can be changed. It's most obvious when you have a fever and shiver even though your temperature is high.To elaborate on Petwins's post, this process is adaptive. Your body can control the speed at which you 'burn' calories dependent on environmental stimuli, chiefly temperature. As such, it might take you a little while to get used to a colder climate, but after enough time your body will naturally begin consuming food molecules faster to keep you warm. This, of course, results in increased appetite to maintain it. Here's some reading on the subject: _URL_0_ In the case of immediate and drastic temperature changes—for example, jumping from a hot tub to a frigid pool—the acclimation you feel is probably just due to your nerves becoming used to the temperature, and not due to a drastic increase in metabolism.Metabolism. We ‘burn’ calories to produce heat. We react sugars and other long carbon chains to procude CO2 . The reaction is exothermic . The faster we burn it then the faster we produce heat. This is how we can regulate out temperature and get acclimated to different environments.
What's the difference between an LP, EP, single, etc. when talking about collections of music?	A single is generally one track. An EP is longer than a single, but shorter than an album. Usually once the runtime exceeds about 25 minutes, or four tracks, it becomes, technically at least, an album or LP . The difference between Album and LP generally is accepted to be that an Album means anything, CD, tape, vinyl, whereas LP usually means vinyl.
How do Super Smash Bros professional competitions work?	You can check out r/smashbros for more information on tournaments and overall smash bros. news. They're typically conducted with stocks instead of time, with pools to skim out the top players, then into a double elimination bracket. Most tournaments keep the sets as best of 3 games to win the set until the top 16 or 32 players are left, where it goes to best of 5. If you want to see a tournament today, Dreamhack Austin has top eight of Super Smash Bros. Melee on later today at _URL_0_ I think. Not sure when it starts. Edit: on now.
How can large companies like Costco, Nordstrom, Sephora, etc. afford to have such generous return policies?	The more generous the return policy, the more likely people are to impulse buy. While some take advantage of return policies often, most don't. Therefore you have net gain for the company.Most customers are repeat customers. If you piss them off with a harsh return policy, they are less likely to continue shopping at your storeThose are high end retailers or membership clubs, where people are not likely to abuse your policy.They make the basic decision that they'll gain more in customer loyalty and increased spending than they'll lose in returns that can't be restocked. LL Bean is the king of this they have an unconditional return policy, and will take anything as long as you claim you weren't satisfied with it. It gets some pretty flagrant abuse. But they've been in business for a long time and it's just a policy that they think is worth it.Part of this is a reflection on changing economic practices in recent years. Many companies have shifted towards a "customer relationship management" style of business. What is important is that you keep the customer relationship. This is very different from classical profit-driven economic models, where such return policies wouldn't make sense. Yes, generous return policies may not maximize profit in the short run, but over the long haul, that customer relationship is ultimately very profitableMost people never return anything. "Satisfaction guaranteed, or your money back!" is actually a very cheap promotion to run, because even most people who are dissatisfied won't ask for their money back. Once you're in a certain market segment, people don't shop on price alone but get more picky about their stores, and there is greater value in getting a loyal customer than there is a loss in refunding money now and then.
How to use Reddit properly	Different subreddits operate by different rules. What it acceptable in one subreddit will probably not work in another. So lurk for a while in the subreddit of your interest and you might get the feeling for what goes and what doesn't.how do you make these things though with the topics?
Why I can't hear the American accents from movies and TV series, but can clearly hear it in real life.	Not sure what you mean, there are various American accents as well that are portrayed in movies. A guy from Texas isn't going to speak the same way as a guy from New York, and a guy from New York doesn't speak the same way as a guy from California. These accents are solidified in plenty of movies.
Why do the windows in airplanes never line up with the seats?	I imagine they did once, on one version of the plane but each airline will have their own seating configuration and also as safety rules change and maintenance work take place over the years the seats probably shift about. Just guessing tho. It is quite infuriating!
how do businesses get paid in China? Does the government take all the money they receive?	AFAIK their economy works like Capitalism but their government/laws run like Communism. Their system has evolved. I apologise if I am wrongChina runs on capitalism. If you are a worker, you work and get paid. If you have a business you work and get paid. They do collect taxes just like everywhere else.
Why do cigarettes need to contain so many dangerous chemicals if it is the nicotine that keeps you buying them?	Seems that a lot of people here have missed the main point. Cigarettes go out pretty easily. They add one chemical to keep it burning despite windy conditions, one to keep it from burning too quickly, another to keep it burning consistently and another to make sure that they don't burst into flames outright. To the best of my knowledge, anyway. Edit: terrible spelling
Why doesn't the surface of a pool of paint dry or crust up?	The solvent has to 'migrate' through the paint to escape into the air. The surface can't dry til the solvent is practically all gone. ", 'show me paint that never dries, and ill do my best to show you an answer.
why have some famous people of Jewish ancestry anglicized their last names ( john Stewart, bob Dylan, Natalie portman, etc.)?	Many performers are concerned that if they seem too ethnic, they run the risk of being discriminated against and not getting some parts. Particularly when you're trying to break into showbusiness, it's important to take any good part you can get. Nowadays, discrimination is probably less of an issue than it was in the past, but for some people, it's not worth taking any chances.
How some states can handle 1 ft+ of snow, while others will close roads, cancel work, etc.	Realistically, I would say there are five reasons. 1) Preparation: Cold weather climates put salt on the roads in advance of cold, wet weather like snow. This melts the first layer of snow, preventing it from forming an ice layer under the snow as the temperature drops. 2) Response: Cold weather places generally have a fleet of snowplows available and on standby. Chicago has about 300 full-time plows and another 400 trucks that can be fitted with plows for major storms. In addition, plows and other trucks will spread salt on major roads throughout the storm, and if the temperature is very low , they will use sand instead to keep traction as high as possible. Wamer climates just don't prepare for this and generally don't have equipment available for this effort. 3) Climate: Warm weather places often have "freezing rain" to begin a snow storm. This lays down a sheet of ice under the snow, making it very slick. This is a bit of a cop out most of the time, but it is true in some cases. 4) Cars: In really snowy places like Montreal or Edmonton, almost everyone switches to snow tires in the winter, which doubles your traction on the ice and snow and even improves handling on dry pavement in extreme cold . Many people in the south don't even have all-season tires and have summer tires on all the time. This, combined with a higher use of rear-drive cars makes for poor handling. 5) Drivers: In snowy weather, everyone knows how to handle themselves in snowy climates. People in the south really are pretty bad drivers on snow. I 've been in Atlanta in a snow storm in conditions that I didn't find too bad . And there were wrecked cars everywhere It's not just the conditionsNot every state has snowplows or drivers who know how to drive in snow and ice.
What happens to light particles when you point 2 lasers at each other?	Light can have two natures: the wave-like nature and the particle-like nature. If you consider light on "small" scales then you need to consider light as individual particles, or quanta, called photons. Unlike other common particles, such as electrons, protons, neutrons and others, which are called fermions, photons are considered bosons. The nature of fermions and bosons is quite complex, but the main principle is how differently they behave due to a fundamental rule in quantum physics called the Pauli exclusion principle. It states that no two fermions may be in the same quantum state. This means that there cannot be, for example, 5 fermions in the same point of space at the same time . However Pauli exclusion principle says nothing about bosons, which means that there is no restriction how many photons there can be in a single point. So in short, individual photons do not interact with each other in any way. At very high energy densities there might be an indirect interaction, through electron and antielectron pairs, but that's quantum field theory, so I'm not exactly sure.
Why don't they give brain scans to detect mental illnesses?	If it was possible to diagnose mental problems that way, that would be a good idea. But most problems are caused by things too subtle to be seen on an MRI. Hormones, for instance, or other chemical imbalancesBrain scans are pretty invasive. Most people don't want to be stuck into machines like that. Also, "look different" is a far cry from "all being unique". Brain scans can reveal that something is up, and maybe even indicate some potential causes, but there are far from precise.
Does the president or other heads of state have to clear customs the same way normal people do when visiting a country?	No, as high-ranking officials of another government, they're covered by special diplomatic rules that allow them to dispense with that sort of stuff.They have a diplomat visa and it is a very powerful visanope. they are given diplomatic status and diplomatic bags. neither can be searched outside of their country of origin.
When selling stock in the US, why is there such a capital gains taxation disparity between short-term and long-term holdings?	day trading is akin to income, you do it with a hope of actively earning money. long term holdings are considered passive investments. commissions are not the govts concern. Promoting safe and responsible investing is beneficial for investors and companies, which is the govts concern.It's to encourage long term investment by average people and boost the economy. Day trading is considered regular income, so it is taxed just like any regular income.
why humans can grow adult teeth, and knee caps, as well as repair broken/fractured bones, but can't regrow them if they get removed?	Both teeth and knee caps are things that we are born with. Specifically, if you didn't know, we are actually born with all our adult teeth. When they "grow" in they're actually just shifting out from their little storage zones in our skulls - there are plenty of kinda spooky pics on google showing both baby and adult teeth in xrays/skulls of kids. Basically, the simple ELI5 answer is that the various parts of our bodies have the instructions for growing them stored in their genes. So our fingers know how to grow more finger-meat, our leg bones know how to grow more leg-bone, etc. But if the entire thing is removed, then the instructions are gone. So our body can't figure out how to grow it back.When you break a bone, what basically happens is a band of bone grows over the fracture to bridge the gaps and 'fix the bone' same idea with flesh. It isn't a perfect fit, hence we have scars and we may be able to feel where our fractures happened many years after. Sort of like patching over a ripped material with a bit of small cloth. Now to extend the analogy. Anyone who can hold a needle can patch up a tear in a shirt, but that doesn't mean you could make the whole shirt from scratch again.The only body part that I heard you can regrow if removed, well around at least 75% gone, is the liver. If fully removed, you're screwed. But at least a significant amount of removal won't hurt you as much forever. It would be hard pressed to find if anything else you mentioned would grow back the "same", at least almost as good as before in terms of as large of a surface area/density as the liver. Why it can regrow, I'm not sure. Somebody else, maybe in the medical field can chime inThere is research under way in to [tooth regeneration] : planting a stem cell "seed" in the jaw, from which a new tooth will grow.
Why do we get those weird wrinkles/lines on our faces or body after sleeping?	The skin was pressed against a fold or wrinkle of fabric which created a lump, which in turn caused a temporary indentation in your skin. This happens after sleeping because you don't move for a long time, but could just as easily occur while awake if you didn't move.
How did Western European countries end up colonizing the world, instead of some other civilization?	Short answer. GeographyLong answer. Go watch guns, germs & steelThe basic premise is that because of Europeans ability to grow a large variety of low effort high calorie foods in their temperate climate they gained an advantage over other civilizationsThe simple answer is a combination of geography and the technological advancements they made in terms of sailing. Their economy also was at a point where these voyages could be funded with relative ease.
How do the balance sheet and income statement work together	Assets - Liabilities = Capital + Income - Expense. In your example above this would create a balanced entry.The final net income will impact the retained earnings which is on the balance sheet as an equity item. So in this instance, you're hitting the BS and P & L but the P & L always flows back to the BS
Why do we grunt when we push/lift/pull heavy objects?	* Because our core instinctively tenses up to support our lower back, and air is squished out of us * Grunting actually tenses up your core more, forming a symbiotic grunt-squish relationship. * To assert our dominance over a heavy inanimate object to anyone within earshot.
What do internet service providers actually have to pay for when supplying you internet?	There are a lot more costs than you imagine. First of, laying down the infrastructure is not really a once-in-a-lifetime cost. The initial investment is the highest yes, but over time, there will also be general maintenance costs and costs due to damage. Then as for personnel, an organisation like that will have more than just technical support staff. There is going to be a technical support team . Then there will be a separate division for business, one for sales, one for billing, one for customer relations . All of those teams need supervisors. Then there is internal IT personnel, maintenance and cleaning staff, marketing and advertising staff, human resources staff, payroll staff, accounting staff, a whole bunch of managers to make thing run smoothly , a board of directors and a CEO. Then you get costs related to the rent and upkeep of the buildings they have where all their staff works. Costs related to maintaining internal IT structures and upgrading those when necessary. . Of course, a company like this will also have a fleet of maintenance vans, so there is costs in that as well, in terms of gas, insurance and upkeep. Then there are going to be marketing and advertising costs. As in, the costs they make to get commercials on TV/on the radio/in magazines. Plus costs of any potential expansions. Even if they don't expand, they often do do research into it which can also have additional costs. This is just a really rough overview of the kind of costs a big company is going to have . A lot of those costs might not look directly related to getting internet to your home, but they are still going to be vital for the running of the business and therefore cannot be discounted.
Whats stopping billionaires from starting up there own micro-nations to act as tax havens?	The fact that there is no land, anywhere on Earth, that isn't claimed by another country or reserved by international treaty. So, really, the only way to start a country is by force of arms.
What causes ingrown hairs? (Specifically on the scalp)	A bump on your head with hair trapped in happens when the sharp edges of the hair grow downwards or sideways back cutting into the skin of the hair follicle. A hair can be ingrown in two different broad categories. You may have ingrown hair that grows straight out of the hair follicle then it curls back growing sideways piercing the skin of scalp also known as extrafollicular penetration. The other second way you develop ingrown hair is by the hair growing underneath trapped in the skin or what is known as transfollicular penetration.
Why does grease on my hands take so much more effect to take off compared to say getting some on my legs	Pure speculation, but I imagine it’s because the deep grooves and wrinkles in your palms trap and maintain grease more easily than your smoother, less tough skin in say your thigh or calf area.
What is a Solid State Drive (SSD), and why should I use it on my computer?	SSDs are getting cheaper per GB and getting larger. I use a 256GB SSD because I don't need to store all that much data at one time. I'm not a pack-rat like some. An SSD is a hard drive with no moving parts. This cuts out the slowest part of the read/write operations on conventional hard drives which is moving the read/write head to the correct part of the disk. It's effectively just a much faster, if currently lower-capacity, means of storing data in bulk. You can set up a small SSD to just hold the OS so it can boot much faster, or you can put everything on it as I do. There are also some setups in which a conventional hard disk is used for most storage but data accessed the most is cached in an SSD.
Why do I become suddenly weak when I laugh?	Most likely because when you are genuinely laughing, you're relaxed. You are also exhaling a lot of air which means your body isn't quite getting the oxygen it needs. Edit: A word
Why does does AM radio sound infinitely worse than FM?	AM has one big flaw, the audio signal is coded into the signal strength . The signal strength changes just like the audio signal, that makes it very easy to receive the signal. You can almost plug a Antenna into a speaker and it works. It's a very simple and intuitive, you take the signal strength of a audio signal and send it as the signal strength of an electromagnetic wave. But there's lots of things in the world that can change the signal strength, all things that happen with waves: reflection, refraction, dispersion, interference. But there's more very easy things like a truck driving through, or just moving away from the sender will make the signal weaker. All those things have horrible effects on AM Radio. Because that truck that just drove by your window affects the signal in a way that gets translated to sound. To solve this problem FM Radio doesn't use the signal strength to transmit the audio signal it uses the frequency. In simple words if the audio signal becomes louder , the frequency goes up. And unlike the Amplitude there's not many effects that change the frequency of a electromagnetic wave. There's the doppler effect, but as long as you don't move around or at a almost constant speed that's not a big problem. Let's say a truck drives between sender and receiver, it blocks parts of the signal and your receive a weaker signal. With AM you can hear that change, because the signal strength gets translated into speaker movement. With FM you can't hear that change because the Frequency isn't affected by the amplitude change.
Why does grunting, groaning or generally making little noises when you are in pain help the pain level go down?	your brain can only take a certain amount of input, and can only focus on so much at a time. By vocalizing, you're focusing your brainpower on an output and a feeling other than the massive pain input that your brain wants to focus on. Another method that's been proven to work are things like virtual reality sims where someone can explore a complex area and focus on that experience.
Why do different drugs have different dosages?	Because they have different effectiveness. Like booze / alcoholic drink for example. Beers in average has 3-10 % alcohol content while Vodka has around 40%. When drinking a bottle of beer, you won't get drunk as much as if you drink a bottle of vodka. CMIIW.
How does the draft work in NASCAR? And how come they can sling shot around another car?	When a car goes very fast, the air in front of the car is compresed and the air behind the car get stretched out. The high pressure air in front of the car pushes the car back. The low pressure air behind the car also pulls the car back. My fancy diagram: ++ [ < --] -- When a second car is following the first car the air between the cars is "medium pressure" so it doesn't slow down either car as much as normal. Diagram: ++ [ < --] med [ < --] -- While both cars benefit, the second car does get more of a benefit than the first car. So with both cars going the same speed, if the first car is using 100% engine power, the rear car only has to use say 95% engine power. When the driver of the second car wants to, he can use the full engine power to go just a little bit faster than the lead car. Once the second car is going faster, he can dart out from behind the lead car, now all drafting advantages are lost and the second car is going a little faster and can "slingshot" around the lead car.
what will happen if a number of infants are isolated?	FWIW, the Nazis tried this to discover the "original" language of humans. Obviously no reasonable entity would try this for ethical reasons. The speed at which they would develop a language, if they did, is also very important. There have been several cases of feral, non-speaking children who could learn to function in society to various degrees, though could never master language since they didn't learn it at the appropriate stage of development. Another random point is that the human brain is naturally equipped to understand and use speech, though there is no such innate skill in regards to reading. The ability for these children to understand writing systems would be significantly harder than speech There are a couple cases where children were isolated from communication. The children never learnt language and their mental capacity was diminished, if I recall correctly. Read about [Genie] the big example for this.No, it wouldn't be as complex as an established language, but it could have its own intricacies. Technically you could call what they come up with a language, but it would be extremely rudimentary unless you left them there until adulthood and possibly longer. Main methods of communication in this instance would be: * Body language. Facial expressions, e.g head shaking, smiling. * Non-lingual vocalisations, e.g grunting, screaming. * Give them some crayons or something, they'll be able to draw simple stories. Give them long enough maybe they'd be able to equate sounds to pictures, at which point we'd end up with ideographs and maybe eventually an alphabet. They would eventually be able to equate certain vocalisations to certain concepts, e.g Food, Friend, Angry, Happy, Sad etc although a lot of this would be dependent on their own IQ if we're unable to educate them, as they would essentially be inventing it for the first time.
How do labs figure out how many calories are in food?	Not positive, but I always thought they burned it and measures the heat given off by it. Calories are a unit of energy, which would be converted to thermal energy when burned, so I assume there is some correlation there
Why did the Greeks not just climb Mount Olympus to see what was up?	Imagine you are a Greek. You ignore the warnings from the priests telling you how the gods will strike you down, and decide to climb the 10,00 foot mountain anyways. Well, once you get to a certain point, the air thins out. It becomes cold, even downright freezing, and all of the trees have vanished. At that point, you would probably turn back, taking it as a sign that you shouldn't be there. Even if you didn't, with no climbing equipment, and no trails set up, you would likely fall to your death, get stuck and starve, or just succumb to the elements.Two reasons, and reason one reinforces reason two. First, mountain climbing is damn difficult, even in modern times. At 10,000 feet, its no mount Everest, but its still a tough climb. Second, the culture considered it sacred, and would have highly discouraged anyone from trying. You can imagine how easy it would have been to point to a couple of dead bodies on the mountain and say that they upset the gods.
can you be tracked online if using prepaid cell phone sim cards? How? Is this a truly secure anonymous internet?	SIM cards on their own cannot be tracked but once inserted in a phone it can be tracked through the SIM's serial number and the phone's IMEI number. These details are automatically sent to the nearest network tower. GSM phones can be located using the signal information pretty accurately without even GPS. Each phone has a unique IMEI number so you'll have to use new phone for each SIM for complete anonymity. To answer the second part of your question- it is very hard to get complete anonymity online though using VPN's or the Tor browser help you in that to a large extent. Please ask if you need any further clarification
How were the 32bit Windows 2000 Advanced Server and Datacenter Server OSes able to support more than 4 GB RAM?	I don't know the innards of those survive Windows versions but I know how it's usually done, because I've designed and built hardware with 16 and 32 bit CPUs that support way more memory than their address bus allows. The problem is that the CPU needs a way to say which byte of memory to read, and on a 32 bit CPU that is limited to 2 ^32 addresses which is 4GB. The answer to this is to use paging, which is where a chunk of the address space can be pointed at any one of a large number of other blobs of memory outside that 4GB range. The CPU specifies which of these extra chunks it should be pointed at by setting a specific page 'number' in a given register. As far as the programme is concerned it is reading the same address within its 4GB range as before, but what it actually sees will depend on the paging register. I assume the Windows versions you mention were built specifically to support a software paging technique.
what is actually happening to an app on my phone when I update it? Does the file get deleted and then the entire new app downloaded?	An app is made up of dozens of individual code files that each accomplish one part of the larger task. When the developer makes changes to the app, not all of those files will have changed. When it's packaged for an update, only those changed files included, so it's only them that are downloaded by your phone and merged back into the app. This is why the initial download of the app tends to be much larger than the size of each update.
Why is customer support always so bad?	A lot of the problem boils down to the fact that customer service reps are treated like shit by everyone they interact with. Customers only call is when they are already unhappy. Even before the menus and waiting, the customer is in a bad mood, and will take out all of their frustration on the first person that answers. A friend of mine was doing billing support for a company, and she took an hour long call where a customer constantly berated her for being a "racist bitch" because she couldn't refund him for something he bought. Hanging up or escalating the call to a supervisor would have lost her her job. Management tends to hate call centers. They are a huge cost to the bottom line, customers hate them, and no better system exists to help customers. Upper management does everything in their power to make call center work suck. Shitty pay, zero tolerance policies, outdated and worthless software, constant upsells, etc
Why are heavier elements found together in the same location?	When the Earth was much hotter, and everything was much more liquid, things could flow a lot easier. Just like putting oil in water, these molten metals and minerals will tend to separate out due to their different densities. They then cool and solidify, and billions of years later humans find them in clusters. Elements/compounds with similar densities may be found close together for this reason. Other compounds might also be characteristically found together because one is a reaction product of the other, or they are both products of the same reaction, which occur naturally in nature. An example would be oil and natural gas. Geology and planetary science isn't my speciality though, so there are likely more complex factors at play than just these.
How is blowing on food supposed to cool it down?	The technical term is "forced convection." Basically, you are pushing comparatively cool air over your food, absorbing some of its heat. The warmed air is continuously being pushed away by cooler air, so the process can continue. This cools it down much faster than just leaving it alone .
Why are 99% of ads which are supposed to be funny so unfunny? Surely multi-billion dollar companies could afford comedic ad writers?	They get group tested to hell and back, scrutinized backwards and forwards to eliminate any possible offense, to fit specific demographics, to fit in allotted time,etc. Small companies generally do better at this, as they just go with the initial idea Try making a joke that is both original and appeals to 95% of the population. It is a no win situationIf you dont find it funny your not the target audience. Believe it or not there are a lot of people that fall for the "sexy horny neglected russian housewife 2 miles from you want to fuck" addsSince it hasn't been said yet, there's also an element of making a small, easily fixable mistake, which makes the people watching the ad think about how it could be fixed and thus "familiarizing" themselves with the brand
How Google can make so much money of ads and how they have more money than the brands they advertise combined	The awesome thing about advertising with google is that you can target your ads so precisely. Let's say I google: Chocolate Protein. Ok, there are probably HUNDREDS of companies that sell protein. Maybe only a few of them advertise with google. Google will give me every result for chocolate protein ON THE INTERNET but, those few companies that advertise will be there on the side and at the top. That's what they pay big money for. Now imagine all those keywords people put into google: gym, lifting, weights, protein, whey, reps, sets, creatine, casein, pre-workout, shaker cup, supplement, i could go on and on and on, just for gym stuff alone! As an advertiser you can pick out what words you want to associate with your product, and that's what makes google so special. It also doesn't hurt that it's the biggest search engine out there. Now, how do they follow you? By using the same keywords you search for. If you search for spark-plugs one day, and oil the next, and a new battery the next, google can probably single you out as someone fixing their car, and advertise car parts specifically to you.
How can rockstars like Keith Richards and Ozzy Osbourne do so many hard drugs and consume so much alcohol over their lifetimes, yet still live into old age?	You have picked two people who are MASSIVE statistical outliers. Even science is fairly confused by their survival. I believe they were studying Mr. Richards to understand how he's still breathing.
How are humans the only species to have a higher consciousness?	You are assuming a lot of things about consciousness . First by saying "higher" you assume that it's not binary. Secondly you assume that other animals isn't as conscious as you, even though I'm pretty sure a cat is more "present" than you, and I think a cat have a larger understanding of the "now" than people do. So to answer your question you have to define consciousness, and then you realize that the only way to define it is by using it .I think it's because of how complex our brain is. The human brain is actually big and it has a lot of sulci and gyri which increases the surface area of the brain, devoting more space for meaningful processing. Also, the human brain has the capacity to form many meaningful connections between neurons, and can prune and kind of clean itself to how you are using it. The formed connections between learned concepts and ideas that we have encountered makes it easier for us to understand everything around us. As a species we are blessed to learn quickly and associate a massive amount of information easily. An example would be language. We are able to append meaning to different sounds, symbols, and gestures and actually remember these meanings. Just by that, we connected visual and auditory stimuli and even elaborated on them by attaching the context on how they were used. But ultimately it's not really about the size of the brain, but more on how efficient and optimized are the neural connections in your brain.
Why do certain chicken eggs come out different colors (white, brown, turquoise, etc)?	"Having a mixed flock of different coloured eggers is wonderful. Most eggs are white, the addition of browns is from a layer of porphyrin, which is from broken down hemoglobin/blood and applied as a \'paint\' during the last few hours of laying. Brownyness is controlled by over a dozen genes so you often get a lot of variation in levels of \'paint\' between individuals and the amount of paint can vary between seasons.You often hear that blue eggs are from oocyanin \'a byproduct of bile\' but I haven't heard much about the process involved in the deposition of these pigments into the eggshell.Greens are brown paints over blue base shells, all pretty fun.Forgotten though which breeds do which eggs, I am a bad biologist."-exxocet with 563 points at the time.
How can a third-party candy company sell the actual name brand candy under their own third-party name?	SwedishFishCompany has capacity to make 100,000 Swedish Fish per day. SwedishFishCompany only sells 90,000 SwedishFish per day. SwedishFishCompany has a choice. Slow down production by 10,000 per day, or sell the extra to another company at a reduced rate. SwedishfishComany chooses to keep it's workers employed and work at full capacity, so they sell the extra to Kelly for her to package as her own.It seems to me it's just another form of private labeling that many manufacturers participate in. Back in the 60s, I worked for Argus cameras, then headquartered in Chicago, IL. We manufactured a cartridge film/cube flash camera as the Argus Model 260. You could buy the exact same camera at Sears Roebuck as the Sears Easi-Load camera. You see essentially the same thing at your favorite supermarket with their "house brands" of canned goods, for instance.Kelly's Candy Kitchen most likely has an agreement with the candy manufacturers that allows Kelly's to resell the candy in Kelly's packaging. It's also possible that Kelly's just doesn't care about lawsuits, but that's probably not the case.
Why does America (or any country) have a fiscal deficit?	Actually it pretty much is simply to avoid inflation. Assuming you know how inflation works, look at what happened in Germany after WWI. They owed a lot of countries a lot of money, and instead of paying back that debt over many years, which most countries do, they decided to just print money in order pay back the other countries. Although they were able to pay of the other countries, neither side was better off: the Germans now had a currency that couldn't buy anything, and the other countries, who were counting on the money they got from Germany, were left with the same worthless money. This is an extreme case, but it still shows why you can't just print money to pay off debt.If they print their own money, it weakens the value of their currency compared to other countries. More money into the economy devalues it. All about the exchange rate
Why is it so difficult to create accurate hot-cold water controls for toilet use?	The range that you find 'ideal' is relatively narrow compared to the range of temperatures delivered by your hot and cold water pipes. Temperature sensors lag actual temperature by a noticeable amount. Hydraulic systems react to slowly to mechanical changes. Changes in temperature cause changes in pressure that can impact your hot/cold mix. This combines to create an engineering problem where it's nearly impossible to create a stable control system for use in a consumer environment. If the temperature in the pipes shift, your system probably doesn't notice for 2-3 secs and then spends the next 6-7 sec oscillating towards a compensated value - at which point something changes again and you're back in that loop. If you wanted to create a hot-cold water control that worked the way you want, you have to start with water that is precisely controlled for temperature/pressure so that it always delivers the same amount at the shower head. That eliminates the need for a feedback loop with temperature/pressure sensors and you'd simply be able to dial in a temperature and keep it there. Obviously, they can do this in industry. But for your average consumer, redoing the plumbing in their house to accommodate such precision doesn't have enough value-add over simply using mechanical controls to vary the hot/cold mix manually.
what is the time frame for the negative impacts of climate change if we don't change anything?	I should start off by saying that, despite how politicized climate change has become , it is, in actual fact, a verifiable phenomenon that we are almost certainly causing. Going by the recently-released [US National Climate Assessment], climate change has effectively already begun to occur. Going by the linked site, you and I in the Northeast US and Southeast Canada can expect flooding , extreme weather , and increased occurrence or dangerous storms such as hurricanes, tornadoes, etc. These things have already started to happen and will merely get worse if we don't do something to prevent it. Now, I don't mean to sound alarmist, but to be quite frank we, not only as countries or people, but as a species, need to do something major about this as soon as possible, or there will be massive consequences for our own survivability and the environment. Edit: Spelling.

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