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If an adult didn't learn certain things during the critical period, will it be very difficult for them to learn them?
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I think based on science it is possible, but it will be extremely difficult. One suggestion is to try and keep a positive attitude, and try to learn. Edit: hard work normally pays off.
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Why is there a militia occupying the Malheur Wildlife refuge.
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So There are ranchers in Oregon named the Hammonds. It is typical to set land on fire to kill weeds . Some weeds won't be killed unless they are burnt. So, they set some of their land on fire to kill weeds. Now, the land bordered federally-owned land. The fire spread onto unoccupied federal land. The Hammonds were charged with Arson and sentenced to 1 year of prison. There was a plea deal where the Hammonds would have to give up land in exchange for a lesser sentence. The Hammonds took this to the Supreme Court and lost. Recently, a judge sentenced the Hammonds to 4 more years in prison because under the Anti-Terrorism Act, minimum time in jail is 5 years. The Bundy's are upset for two reasons: Reason 1: they believe the 5 year sentence is overkill. Reason 2: they think that the gov't shouldn't try to bribe someone to give up land via a plea deal. So That is why they are occupying the Wildlife refuge. They have 100-150 armed men, so the government have to decide if it is worth losing lives of both the militia and the police in order to get the building back. Sorry for the long post
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Morse code. Is it, it's own language or is it in English? How did it become universal?
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Morse code isn't a language, it's an alphabet, although it uses the same letters as english. Individual letters are signified with a combination of dots and dashes, and words are spelled out as per normal. So you can use morse code with whatever language is compatible with the letters you have available to you.
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How can a doctor/dentist/optometrist etc. practice in a state and not accept the sate's insurance?
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It's not state run or federally run health care in the US. It's still a choice for the doctors on whether or not to participate. For most it's what keeps the patients coming so they do it. The ones who don't have either decided the hassle of dealing w/ the plan isn't worth it or they're so busy they don't need the patients from Plan X.
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Would eating a bunch of cooked bacteria be nutritionally similar to eating cooked meat?
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Don't know about bacteria but I can find nutritional information on nutritional yeast. Yeast are single-celled organisms but they're technically fungi & not bacteria. Here's the nutritional information from a 100g serving: | Yeast | Beef |-|--------|------|calories | 281 | 211calories from fat | 31 | 100total fat | 3g | 11gcholesterol | 0mg | 84mgsodium | 31mg | 53mgTotal carbs | 31g | 0gdietary fiber | 25g | 0gsugar | 6g | 0gProtein | 50g | 26gIron | 25% | 9% I'll let somebody smarter than me comment on how much alike or different yeast is from your typical bacteria. sources: * _URL_0_* _URL_1_
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Why do governments want to avoid a current account defecit?
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Taxing imports has little to do with mitigating deficit. It's more about protecting national industries from foreign competition. On one side, you might have one particular good being produced in your country that costs more than their foreign counterparts with similar quality, so the national industry can't sell. So the government put taxes to make the national good preferable over the imports. That ensures the survival of the national industry and protects jobs. On another side, that'll drive the foreign company to work on lowering their costs or raising their quality even more to compete in that market even with taxes, while the national companies won't have that much of an incentive, because they are being sheltered by their government That is oversimplifying things by the way, there are many arguments on why this works or doesn't work on both sides, and i'm not getting into that Edit: I talked about import tariffs but disn't answer the question directly. An account deficit means more money flowing towards other countries companies than towards your own companies. That will, over time, reduce your countries capabilities of investments, which will lead to creation of fewer jobs and so on.
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Question about light and my fan
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If your bike light s an LED, it's not really varying in intensity, it's just strobing, the moving fan blades highlight the strobe effect.
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The difference between aftershave/perfumes and eau de toilette.
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aftershaves- theyre basically lotion in the disguise of a nice smelling perfume. its a little safer to put on your face, and they have slight chemicals in them that soothe freshly shaved skin. its almost like a lotion in the form and scent of perfume. perfume- this is generally the highest in concentration levels. they have 15%-40% concentration and these are the sprays that you put on for a full day of work because the smells are made to last longer and be stronger. eau de toilette- this is one of the least concentrated ones.the smell isnt intended for a long purpose as you can just spray more whenever you want to and it wont be overwhelming. its usually very liquidy and comes in a spray bottle. typically this is just a quick "im clean but want to smell even cleaner" as the smell fades and doesnt spread through the whole room like a strong perfume will. generally these are only 4%-15% concentrate. edit- the percents to show how different they can be in how potent the smell is.
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Chemically, what happens to your body (brain) when you can’t stop laughing?
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I'm just guessing but it could be related to some activity in one of the Many cannabinoid receptors which are known to be able to send people into awesome fits of laughter when exposed to oral or smoked cannabis.Interesting question I must say
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How does applying heat to something actually relieve the pain?
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It depends upon the kind of pain. For muscle aches, heat causes blood vessels to relax and dialate. This means more nutrients are going into the area, promoting healing and carrying away toxins faster. For other sorts of pain - like a burn or an area swollen with infection, apply heat is a terrible idea. Cooling is effective as it causes blood vessels to clinch closed -and the problem is too much fluid in the area.
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Sometimes when I go to bed, I fall asleep for 15 minutes and wake up completely refreshed and unable to fall back asleep for hours. How does this happen?
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And how is it when I sleep for 12 hours, I wake up as though I didn't sleep at all", 'Same thing happens to me every night. Inquiring minds want to know..Does this happen to many other people? OP, are you depressed? This same thing happens to me. I'll fall asleep when tired, then wake up and have too much energy to return to sleep. This entirely goes away during periods when I take an SSRI for my depression. I learned in a behavioral neuroscience class that REM sleep produces brain activity that is similar to that of the waking brain, and depression correlates with low REM sleep latency. This means that, in depressed individuals, REM sleep may begin within 20 minutes of falling asleep. Further, SSRIs suppress the onset of the REM phase. Given the information in other comments describing the effects of waking in a deep sleep phase, I suppose that, if you were woken during an energetic REM phase, you could find yourself wide awake. Couple this with rapid entry into REM phase and we have the experience of becoming wide awake shortly after falling asleep. The question is: what is the mechanism for waking in this case? I am interested to know if OP has any experience with depression or sleep disorders. Edit: clarified low REM sleep latency.
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What is the objective or telos of ISIS? Are we doing them a favor by feeding attention to the beheading videos?
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They want to create a Caliphate - basically one big over-arching Muslim nation ostensibly led by a successor of the prophet Mohammed. In theory the caliph is the leader of the entire Muslim community. They want to unite Muslims under this Caliphate by force. Also they are depraved terrorists that even Al-Qaeda say are uncompromising. The media coverage of the kidnappings, beheadings, etc are all force multipliers for them. There is a theatrical element to all terrorism. It accomplishes a number of goals for ISIS - first it legitimizes their power internationally by showing that nobody can/will stop them. It helps to recruit new people to fight in Iraq/Syria and also to recruit cells to operate in other countries. More practically it consolidates their control in the territory they take over. This is why it's not just citizens of Western countries being executed. It's similar to what the Taliban did in Afghanistan and what Al-Qaeda did in Iraq. Murder and intimidation campaigns force the local people to accept they either help ISIS or are put to a particularly brutal death. All the theater makes their reputation real to the world and the next village in line to be subsumed into the "Caliphate" - nobody doubts they will execute people for basically no reason, even resident Muslim villagers if they don't provide support. The media feeds this reputation and makes occupied people less willing to fight back. It's exactly what ISIS wants. Of course all of this will come crashing down in a rain of guided missiles and special forces when the West grows tired of having terror cells pop up in their cities. It will take a lot to get the US over the war weariness from the Iraq war debacle, but the media attention on ISIS is a double edged sword for them that will overcome this in time. Ultimately I think their brutality will be their undoing> The objective of ISIS is to control all of the ~~middle East~~ worldThe objective of ISIS is to control all of the middle East.
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Salt and ice - Why the burning sensation?!
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When salt meets ice it lowers the freezing point of the water. The result is super cold water. This is why salt is used to melt ice on roads, and why you use salt and ice to make icecream. The reason is that the salt goofs up the formation of ice crystals, making it much harder for the water molecules to line up and freeze into ice.
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Why is it so hard to make friends after you turn 25?
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The biggest factor is opportunity. Young people are almost always set up in large groups due to school. This also happens at a time in their lives when they are very open minded. As you grow older your personality tends to solidify and you tend to judge other people more solidly then when you are young. You also don't tend to reach out of your circle to find new people as often. Now yes most adults work in places with a large number of other employees but the ages of those employees tends to be much more spread out than the ages of your peers when you're in school, and there is far less time for flat out socialization in the work place. **TL:DR** It's not you, it happens to everyone.
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What causes the attraction to "odd" physical traits? My attraction to slightly gapped teeth, for example.
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Perhaps you were attracted to someone with this trait earlier in life, and you associate that trait unconsciously with a person who may have shaped your image of an attractive person. What is considered "attractive" can change from era to era, and culture to culture. One way or another we are exposed at an early age to what this image is. Straight and clean-white teeth are often a feature of the attractive people featured in media and culture, so not only do we factor that into our opinions but we imitate them to acquire some of that image. I find women that remind me of my first girlfriend have a different appeal to me than other women who may have other "attractive" features. Its not that my first girlfriend was stunning or conversely unattractive, but I associate with her appearance a generally successful relationship with someone I was attracted to.
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why too cold things sometimes are felt like hot things?
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For your sensory system something that is very hot vs something that is very cold is very similar response. You get the same systems responding to both situations. Your body thinks a cold burn and a hot burn are the same thing because they both equally suck from an evolutionary point of view.Your skin has nerves for sensing heat and nerves for sensing cold. For some reason, the cold nerves also send a signal when they feel something very hot, and the hot when it's very cold. No one knows why.
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How a gas pump knows when my gas tank is full
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[From Wikipedia]: > Most modern pumps have an auto cut-off feature that stops the flow when the tank is full. This is done with a second tube, the sensing tube, that runs from just inside the mouth of the nozzle up to a Venturi pump in the pump handle. A mechanical valve in the pump handle detects this change of pressure and closes, preventing the flow of fuelI don't know how the system is in other places, but around here, the "pistol" you use has a system that sucks air from a small hole on the nozzle and as long as you have empty space you have a flow of air, when the fuel reaches the nozzle of the "pistol" it blocks the hole and no air can go through so the "pistol" locks and closes the nozzle.
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Okay, ELI5. We have the different blood types covered, so how about the difference between whole blood, platelets, and plasma?
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During a whole blood donation, donors typically donate a pint of blood. During platelet or plasma donation, your blood is collected and then separated into its components by a machine; the machine keeps the platelets or plasma and returns the rest to you. Your blood stays confined within a single-use sterile tubing kit and sterile equipment, so the process is completely safe. This procedure allows you to donate more frequently. * Red blood cells: help treat anemia or acute blood loss and carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Red blood cells last up to 42 days. * Platelets: help control bleeding; replace platelets destroyed by disease or cancer therapy. Platelets must be used within 5 days. * Plasma: supplies nutrients to cells, used to replace fluids in shock and burn victims. Frozen plasma may be kept for up to 1 year. AB plasma is the universal plasma type, AB plasma can be safely given to patients with any blood type. AB-negative blood is the rarest blood type represented in less than one percent of the population, while AB-positive occurs in ~3 percent of the population.
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I have acid reflux. What is happening inside of my body that makes it feel like I am softly belching molten lava?
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You are burping up a strong stomach acid and while your stomach has a protective lining, your throath has not. The acid is corroding your throath and that feels like belching molten lava.
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Why do humans only have one hair color, but other mammals, like my dog, have more than one hair colors?
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1) When an animal is being hunted, if they blend in well they have a lower chance of being caught. So they will live to pass on their chromosomes and so on and so forth. [Read about Disruptive selection] [Countershading - when an animal's stomache has lighter color] [And dog coats!] If this doesn't explain it well enough, tell me and I'll attempt to explain more in detail. 2) Humans can have multiple shades of hair color. My pubic hair is black, my beard grows blonde and my hair is red.Warning: I am not an expert, or even an educated layman, on this type of matter. I have read that piebaldism is associated with domestication. There was a breeding project in the Soviet Union aimed at domesticating the Silver Fox. Among other changes, new generations of the silver fox developed spotted fur. It is also far more common in domesticated animals. As to why this may be the case, I do not know* Hair colour in mammals is created my two different pigments, a red-yellow colour and a brown-black colour . * The amounts and ratios of the two colours inside the hair determine the final colour of each individual strand of hair. * Each hair follicle operates individually, therefore you do get variation in colour between each hair on your head, even if it is very subtle. * Your genes determine what colour the hairs on your head will be. In the case of some dogs it determines certain patterns of different colours, just like how some people will have a large stripe of white hair although the rest of their hair be remain brown.
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Which countries don't rely on the US for their internet?
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Net neutrality won't really affect other countries. Comcast, Verizon don't control the backbone and messing with the backbone would quickly get America as a whole thrown off the internet. As a general rule most big/wealthy countries control their own internet. China for instance blocks most foreign web sites for political reasons. If America did something stupid they could have their own internet up and running in a few days. tl,dr - America is not in a position to charge other countries for specific content. If we tried we'd quickly find out how impotent we are in the modern era.
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Why are American right wing politicians and citizens so adamant about denying climate change?
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1. If the government concludes that man-made climate change is a real thing, and a problem, then they will probably change policies in order to respond. 2. Some of these policy changes will probably decrease the amount of fossil fuels Americans consume, and others will probably require significant changes to cars that are sold. 3. These changes will cost oil/coal/gas companies a lot of business, and impose big costs on car manufacturers. 4. Companies that stand to lose money by these changes will pay money to politicians and "experts" to deny that there is a problem, thus preventing Step 1.I don't think out right denial of climate change is that common. Although maybe more so amongst the let god sort it out crowd. The real debate is over how much is due to natural factors and how much is attributed to human influence. Keep in mind the climate has changed drastically over the earth's history and much of the change took place long before we humans were cranking out CO2.
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The difference between lager, ale, beer, and more(?)
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There are a bunch of different alcoholic drinks that are made from barley . There are two key distinctions that are relevant to the terms you 've named: ale vs beer, and ale vs lager. In the ale vs beer meaning, *ale* is any kind of fermented drink that's made with barley malt . *Beer* has to be made with hops, the flower of a vine that's native to Europe and is somewhat related to cannabis. All beer is ale, but some ales are flavored with juniper berries or spruce tips, instead, and don't count as beer. In the ale vs lager distinction, both terms are kinds of beer. Here, *ale* means a beer fermented with one kind of yeast ; *lager* is made with a different kind . They're called top-fermenting and bottom-fermenting yeasts, even though bottom-fermenting yeasts don't actually sink to the bottom.
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Why ejaculation feels better the longer you last?
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Because your brain has more time to "set things in place" - orgasms are partly chemical and partly electricalWell I think this is more of a mental thing. Usually when we last longer that must mean that we pleasured our partner better giving us that initial satisfaction followed by the second satisfaction thus, a double reinforcement. Unless if your talking about masturbat ion thennnn I got nothing.
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Why do I get addicted to stupid idling games like Cookie Clicker?
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because they are: 1) simple2) engaging3) rewarding It is my personal theory that if you make something be all three of these things that people will do it - it doesn't matter what it is. Games are just conducive to being these three things. Now just because something isn't all three doesn't mean people won't do it - but if something is all three then people basically will have no choice and will do it.
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In what sense have creditors been "pillaging" Greece for the past five years?
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To make a long, complicated story short: external investment is necessary in order to maintain a functioning government in Greece. No investment, the government has no funds to operate, and falls apart completely. Because capital is globally mobile, investors are not in a situation where they have to accept terms from Greece, because they can just invest elsewhere for a better/safer deal. In order to compensate for the extreme risk they are taking by loaning money to Greece, they impose terms in the form of austerity measures which are meant to ensure that the Greek government does not overspend again and default again. This is meant to lower risk for investors so they don't end up getting shafted . If you don't understand how financial markets work, it just seems like the creditors have it out for Greece and are being "mean", but in reality their reasons for pushing austerity measures are valid and understandable. While austerity may seem bad, the alternative is no investment and a non-functional government, which would be significantly worse. The left/far left parties are preying on people's emotions and lack of understanding to make it seem like austerity measures are some type of "punishment", when in reality they are a necessary condition for securing investmentGreeks feel that the austerity measures imposed on Greece by it's creditors, which are enforced because the lenders feel they will make the greek economy more competitive and a more attractive target for investment, aren't actually helpful. They see austerity more as a punishment for the greek people, or at best a poorly thought out and ineffective policy. Syriza, the far left party elected on an anti-austerity platform, has a strong incentive to describe Greece's treatment by its creditors as unfair or evil by using words like "pillaging" to gain leverage in negotiating conditions for further loans.
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What led to the "Top 1%" economic gap? And compared to how the general population perceives it, what is the actual economic spread? Is the government doing anything about this?
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This is not a new phenomenon. The [power curve] has shown up in economics and various other disciplines again and again. This was first analyzed in a scholarly context by Vilfredo Pareto, who in 1896 noted that [80% of the land in Italy was owned by 20% of the population.] Research and simulations suggest that this inequality arises naturally in a free market system, and is not necessarily due to corruption or conspiracy . You can draw a line arbitrarily at the 20% mark, as Pareto did, or at the 1% mark, as the Occupy movement does, but it can be helpful to keep [the entire curve] in mind. Edit: Better image of income curve
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Why aren't chapters still added to the bible? What would somebody have to do to get something added to it?
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They do add new chapters to the bible. The mormons added a bunch for instance. The problem is that not everyone is on board with that so new sects form.
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What is the difference between asthma and bronchitis?
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Symptom wise they are pretty similar. From a health care professionals standpoint, bronchitis would be more acute and caused by an infection or such and asthma would be a chronic condition. Physiologically, bronchitis and asthma both have inflammation involved but asthma mostly involves the tightening of the muscles as well, which is why inhalers are used which relaxes the muscles in the lungs. Bronchitis' symptoms are more from the massive inflammation which makes the airways more constricted. The symptoms are very similar cause it's the same organ being affected, but the details of why the organ is malfunctioning are a bit different unless you have asthmatic bronchitis which has the best of both worlds. Like for bronchitis, taking a beta - blocker like Albuterol won't be as effective since beta - blockers relax muscle contraction.Asthma is thought to have some genetic factors and bronchitis comes from an infection or bacteria in the environment. Asthma can affect a person off and on for most of their life and bronchitis is an illness you can be cured of and never have again.Bronchitis is acute and usually involves infection and inflammation of the airways, asthma is chronic, thre can be some inflammation, but mostly it's inappropriate constriction of th airways.
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Why are there no Wikipedia pages on famous medieval jesters?
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Apparently your Google/Wiki search talents are awful. [Archibald Armstrong] [William Sommers] [Robert Armin]
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What happens if an astronaut aboard the ISS should need immediate surgery (ie: Appendicitis)?
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There are various medicines on board that they could use, as well as consulting with doctors on earth. If those didn't help, there are emergency Dearborn procedures. A spare Soyuz is kept docked to the ISS for emergency situations, such as medical emergencies, or meteoroids. So if necessary, they could try to return to Earth.
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How can a huge statistic such as the world population be even remotely accurate?
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Well, governments do. They issue birth certificates and death certificates. Of course it's not totally accurate but the census teams do a lot of research to estimate how many records are missing and figure out the margin of error. That's included in the estimated population.What is your definition of "remotely accurate"? The [population clock] says there are a little under 7.3 billion people alive right now. lets say that is 10,000,000 off, that's only 0.13% off, that is still pretty accurate even though 10,000,000 is a lot of people to not be accounted for.
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How do our bodies "Naturally" wake up with no alarm, nobody mowing their lawn outside etc?
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Your body has what's called Circadian Rhythm. It determines basically when you sleep and when you eat but is affected by the sun and your environment and any number of other factors. Even more basically it tells your body's metabolism when to work and when to chill out. If you've been sleeping too long your body will wake you up because you need energy whether that's simply the sun or water or food. Conversely too much of either of those things are likely to put you to sleep so your body has time to recoup.
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Why sometimes when you hang a towel or jacket, it slides or falls off many hours later?
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Probably ghosts. Or maybe just some air flow, the air conditioner kicks on. Or potentially if its a wet towel, the water collects to the bottom and redistributes weight. Or potentially its just moving very very slowly to start with until it drifts far enough to start moving quickly. Basically think of a towel like a thermodynamic system or a chemical reaction. It wants to fall down so that its in lowest energy state, but its stuck in a local minimum. For reference this type of thing _URL_0_ . Over time a random process is going to give it a little extra energy, and just like gasoline burns to a stray spark or super cooled water freezing all at once, the towel falls. Its hard to say what the specific source of energy was from that little description. It could be lots of just random little things. And it will depend how well you hang it up how much the barrier to this towel falling reaction is. No one can give you an exact answer, so the best answer is an inexact one: Because a hung towel is in a metastable state, and eventually it will reach equilibrium. My personal feeling is its ghosts for sure.
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Short selling. How can you make money betting against a stock?
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If I told you I was going out of town and could pick up something you wanted, I could ask for the money up front. We both know what it's worth now. However, when I actually get there, the price has dropped, and I just pocket the difference.
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How can a 300m wide comet hitting Earth be so catastrophic?
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Because it has a lot of kinetic energy. Drop a bullet on your hand from six inches and it won't do any damage, shoot a bullet at your hand and it will FSU.The initial impact will generate a huge amount of heat, a plasma field in fact, that will literally engulf and vaporize virtually everything to the horizon in every direction. This will be followed by a pressure wave traveling out from the point of impact crushing anything that was not vaporized. Directly opposite the impact at the antipode a shock-wave will potentially translate outward from the core with devastating consequences All of this followed by ash and dust being put into the atmosphere that would at first cause a rapid cooling followed by an intense heating because greenhouse gasses like co2 and h2o blasted into the atmosphere will be present in much greater quantities than before. Basically everything that does not get burned or smashed will not be able to tolerate the huge temperature swings that follow.
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How do vacuum cleaners work?
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They don't create a vacuum. They work just like a leaf-blower, but in reverse. The bag in the vacuum cleaner let's air through so the garbage get's trapped in the bag and the air is released out of the machine. Just put your hand on top of the part that makes the noise and you can feel air coming out of it.
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Why are x-rays harmful?
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X-rays are, in essence, very stong sunlight. When you bask in sunlight, it warms you. Now, imagine light much more powerful than that. It'd do more than just slightly warm you up. The most harmful thing in x-rays is that they damage your DNA. Most of the time it's okay, as the cells can either repair the damage or self-destruct. In some cases, however, the rays damage the DNA so that the cell won't self-destruct, and instead continues to grow rapidly. And that's cancer.
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is there any actual benefit to natural diamonds versus cubic zirconia?
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You know that a cubic zirconia is not an artificial diamond, right? It's just that in jewelry it can be cut to resemble a diamond, even though it doesn't have the exact same properties .
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How did the nation of Israel come to be?
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There had been a movement among certain Jews for decades to re-establish a Jewish state in the Middle East. As a result of this movement, Jews had established population beach heads in many parts of British Palestine. Before World War II, and after it ended, there was major turmoil in the region between the British Colonizers, Arabs, and Jews all struggling for political power, often leading to violence. After a Jewish faction bombed a British controlled hotel, killing a number of people, the British decided that they would divide the area up among Arabs and Jews. This decision was also driven by increasing pressure world-wide to scale back colonialism and a major influx of Jews to the area following the end of World War II. Neither the Jews nor the Arabs were happy with the way the land was eventually divided, and there was fighting immediately upon the announcement of an independent Jewish Israel, as Arab military powers rejected the partition plan. Although Jewish leaders largely accepted the initial land deal, at the least as the best they could get, they took the fighting as an opportunity to expand the Jewish areas and make them contiguous, while Arab forces attempted to extinguish Jewish control. Ultimately, the Israeli forces, with U.S. support, won the fight. Thus Israel was established. EDITS: izzy2112.
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Why was the concept of the month developed/accepted? Why don't we count the date as "Day 275" of the year, for example?
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The concept of the month was based on the cycles of the moon, which last about 29 days. The English word "month" comes from the word "moon"I feel stupid as hell now, I knew that already
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Why was Canada involved in WWII if they were never directly attacked?
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Because the UK was. Britain pulled the majority of their former colonies into the war; remember, Canada did and still does share a head of state with the UK.Because we're not a bunch of cowards who need to be attacked to do the right thing. -- Canada [In a friendly, joking way]", 'And possibly also because the Canadian people were smart enough to realize the world would suck if everyone stood by and let Hitler run thingsIndia was never attacked either, but they were still under the control of the UK and ultimately were so connected to Europe economically that they had no choice but to support one side or the other in the warBecause unlike the States we wanted to help defend freedom, not just ourselves.
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What is 'visual theater'?
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This is not a standard term, so you are not going to get a good explanation here. Sometimes artists just invent terms.
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Why is 80 proof (40% alcohol by volume) the standard alcohol content in most hard liquors?
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When a similar question was asked [last year], it was shown that it's in fact regulated in the US that liquor is bottled at not less than 80 proof. Most vendors, therefore, tend to dilute alcohol to the minimum required by law in a major market , though there's some variation from country to country.I personally thought it was more for the alcohol equivalency standpoint where a standard shot of alcohol is supposed to have a nearly equal amount to a standard glass of wine and a standard bottle of beer. For a beer, 5% of 12 ounces is .6 ounces. For liquor, 40% of 1.5 oz is .6 ounces. For wine, 12% of 5 ounces is, you guessed it, .6 ounces. I assumed that plays a pretty big part in it because how else could the law or doctors say only 2 drinks if the amount of alcohol in the standardized unit of different types weren't equivalent?
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Why do people have such naturally fragile feet (requiring shoes) when other animals do not.
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We don't have naturally fragile feet. Most of us have unnaturally fragile feet because of the invention of footwear.
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Why are today's weight standards different from the mid 1900s?
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There's nothing particularly wrong with BMI. It's a rough guide to an appropriate weight. BMI was never designed to be accurate; it was designed to be an easy to use guide. In general, nothing much has changed to require a change to BMI guidance since the 1950s. There are a few more people who do serious body building , but as a proportion of the population the number is minimal. The problem is that there is no real "gold standard" as to what indicates a healthy weight for any one individual person. Body composition is OK, but it has its own problems, and is very difficult to measure accurately. Devices such as body fat estimating scales aren't really much better than just weight alone. A proper set of caliper measurements taken by someone trained and referenced to a good set of tables is better, but not all that much. For really accurate estimations, you need to use things such as dual energy X-ray absorbimetry or buoyancy testing in water. Even then, an accurate assessment of body fat is not everything. BMI, as a guide is pretty reasonable, it has an 88% accuracy at predicting whether a person has an appropriate body fat percentage. There aren't that many medical tests, especially ones that simple, which have such a good accuracy. However, there is an interesting discrepancy between the sexes. For men, BMI classification is about 88% accurate. 6% of men are incorrectly classified as overweight , and 6% are incorrectly classified as a "healthy" weight . For women, the accuracy is also about 88%. However, only 1% of women are incorrectly classified as overweight or obese. 11% are incorrectly classified as a "healthy" weight, when body fat composition is more suggestive of being overweight or obese.Part of the reason is that, on average, we have more muscle than we did back then We're also much fatter on average, for a variety of reasons.
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How do humans still evolve?
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Well an important thing to remember is evolution doesn't have to be exclusively beneficial traits. It's always been my opinion that science and modern medicine will negatively affect the "evolution" of humans, and only further scientific advancements will be able to cancel out the negatives it originally caused. For example, allergies. Previously, anyone with a common allergy would have likely died before they were able to reproduce. Touch one peanut, and without modern medicine, you're done. Now however we keep them alive, and as allergies have a good chance of being passed on, there will come a point where the vast majority of the population has these commom allergies. The only way around this is finding a permanent cure to allergies. Eyesight has a similar problem. It's likely there will come a point that most people will be born needing glasses. This is just to name a couple of examples, but you're right; people just don't die like they used to. Unless we find a way to cure genetic conditions, it's likely no one will be able to survive without modern medicine at some point in the future. We 've basically beaten natural selection, which is great for the individuals that would have died, but is to the detriment of our species as a whole.Because selection for beneficial or desirable mutation, and against negative mutation leaves a great big gap of mutations that are neither selected for, nor discriminated against. An example would be, say, eye colour. Doesn't affect your chances of reproducing, certainly doesn't have a survival benefit, still a mutation that then enters the gene pool. In 1000 years, you'll have enough genetic descendents that anyone could theoretically have it.
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How does a CPU work? Please use simple metaphors for each subsystem.
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[Check out this video.] It explains not only the CPU but also how it interacts with the RAM.
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Why emotions from suppressed sources feel much stronger than regular emotions
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Your sister makes your life worse, by continuing to piss you off over a period of years. That has a much greater effect on you than some random annoyance in your life that is perhaps only going to happen once. It is oppressive to know that you will continue to be troubled by your sister for some indefinite time to come, possibly for your entire life. Your sister might still be annoying you when you are 90 years old. She might not, of course; lots of things could change. But meanwhile you do not know how long the problem will persist. You can be a gracious and choose to overlook something annoying, but a continual, repeating annoyance is much harder to overlook. It means that even though you have restrained yourself from choking your sister, over and over, she does not appreciate your self restraint and continues to be annoying. So while you are being considerate, she is being inconsiderate. I have assessed this situation from your point of view, and you may be 100% correct. But I do not know what your sister is doing that you find so annoying, and I do not know why she is doing it, or what complaints she might have about you. In cases of conflict between two people, there are usually two sides to the story. So do not take this as my confirmation that you are entirely right and your sister is entirely wrong. That may be the case, but I do not know enough about the situation to really know that.
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Why does water taste different after sitting for a few days?
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Bacteria and other microbes are everywhere all the time, and they need water to grow. So what you're tasting is a melange of those microbes and the waste they produce as they grow. They've been floating through the air or transferred by some other means , or may have been in the water from the beginning. At any rate, water helps them live and multiply. A nice glass of fresh water left exposed to ample oxygen at room temperature makes for a nice little incubator for all manner of microscopic critters.One reason water left out could taste different is because chlorine used to treat the water has evaporated in the open air. Personally, we keep our drinking water in camping jugs and let them sit for a day or two because we prefer the taste after the chlorine has evaporated.
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What is a Soliton, in regards to physics?
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They are specific shapes of waves that can travel very far without dispersing like regular waves. Solitons exist in many different mediums of wave, e.g. water waves in canal or light pulses in optical fiber.
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is Nelson Mandela a terrorist or a hero?
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He certainly engaged in activities that would be considered terrorism if anybody did the same thing to a western power. And he was technically still on the US terrorist watchlist until 2008. But by doing these things he probably saved more people from death, torture, and other hardships than if he had done nothing_URL_0_ Just read the sticky, there is a lot of discussion about it already.
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why can't we reproduce the contitions or environment to make truffles?
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We can. Wikipedia says that people began to notice that truffles grew under certain trees and cultivation was common in France. _URL_0_Upvote because I need to know this too. I fucking love truffles, and life would be great if I could afford to buy them more than a sliver at a time.Truffles can be and are cultivated. A truffle farm starts with a lot of dense trees of a specific type. Truffles can then be cultivated by adding the truffle starter to the roots. It's still a very expensive proposition. You don't have to find them in the forest, and you don't have to hunt them with pigs.
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If lenses are round, why are photos square?
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actually, squares are rectangles, but thats not important. First rule, you cant reasonably make a square lens. Its all easier round. Ok, so now do you make a round film? round digital sensor? round pictures? round picture frames? No its clear the end result will be a rectangle, and in the case of film, you would have to LOSE resolution to make a circular image on a strip of paper. SO they let the film define the shape that is captured.Because when photos were originally done on things like polariod, it made much more sense and was easier to expose the image on a square shaped film. When film came in reels this continues because when dealing with a string of images it's more cost efficient to maximize space. Even before the invention of cameras pictures and drawings were done primarily on square or rectangular canvas. In a modern-era phones, screens, and televisions are all rectangular and consumers will prefer to buy a device which maximizes the space used . Additionally, picture frames are all square and rectangular, so it makes sense for pictures to be printed to universally recognized sizes that will have corresponding frames.
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How do women use the john while wearing dresses, especially the long flowing variety?
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There are generally ~~two~~ three ways. 1. If it's just a skirt or if the dress is easy enough to take off, you can just pull it down like you would with your pants. This is usually not a good idea in public restrooms, because it will result in having your skirt/dress pool on the likely very filthy floor. The main benefit is that it usually doen't wrinkle your clothes. 2. The more popular option is to just gather your skirts up around your waist while you do your business. To avoid dipping anything in the toilet by accident, it is recommended to pull all the material to the front where you can easily keep it accounted for. If the skirt is light enough, you can even twist it up and tuck it under your shirt . The downside here is that your skirt/dress will likely wrinkle. 3. If you don't want to let your clothes touch the floor and if your skirts are so long and full or heavy that they can not be easily gathered up, you can just get undressed and hang up your clothes on the hook that is usually provided for a purse in public restrooms for the ladies. The downsides of this technique are the uncomfortable feeling of being naked in a public area and the difficulty of performing this maneuver successfully in the limited space without touching anything icky. Hope this helps! If you are interested in trying it, I recommend getting some practice first in the safety and comfort of your own home.
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Why are higher values of money made with paper rather than coins, if coin money lasts longer?
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Paper is cheaper to make and people don't like carrying coins around. In the US the Sacajawea dollar was tried for awhile a few years ago but never caught on because most people still preferred paper bills.
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What's actually happening when we laugh so hard it hurts?
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You're causing a hypoxic state in your diaphragm and other accessory respiratory muscles. Source: I'm a paramedic student.
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Why does paper money have serial numbers but coins do not?
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Serial numbers are an anti-counterfeiting measure. The US government is not seriously concerned about people counterfeiting coins because of the difficulty and extremely low reward for the riskprinting individual serials on paper is way easier than stamping them into a piece of metal
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What is that "hot blooded" feeling you get when you feel aggravated?
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Your pulse and blood-pressure rise to prepare yourself for a fight. That means more blood gets pumped into your head and face, too. Since blood is warm, you feel hotter.
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What does pain feel like?
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Wow, thinking about it, this is a very loaded question. It's difficult to explain pain to someone that can't feel it. I imagine you've suffered some emotional pain at some point in your life. If I had to describe how physical pain compares to that, I'd say it's fairly different yet somehow similar. Personally, I think emotional pain can be much more severe. Most injuries tend to heal after a while, so it's usually temporary. Emotional pain can leave scars for life. I've had my fair share of broken or fractured bones, flesh injuries and some other minor issues. I've been lucky enough to not have lasting damage from any of these. A broken arm doesn't keep me awake at night, but a bad breakup or the death of a loved one definitely does. I'm not sure what else I can say about this, but if you have any other more specific questions I'd be happy to answer. Also, you should consider doing an AMA, I'm sure Reddit would love to pick your brain about some of your experiences.
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Can someone explain ancient Greek city-states to me like I'm five?
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They were closer to cities today than countries. Perhaps the best modern analogue would be modern city-states or semi-independent territories Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, etc. A small population, but with a strong national identity. These were the first state-like entities; a city is physically small enough to make bureaucratic, even democratic civil administration possible in an era of no telecommunication. The importance of Greece is quite significant in Western culture today, but, I wouldn't say that most of the rest of the world had any idea of Greece's existence. Just look at Greek maps of the period and you'll see they also believed they were in their own little Mediterranean world as well. Even if they had some really rough maps of areas like the coast of the Indian Ocean, it doesn't mean anyone living there knew who they were. Even most Greeks at the time wouldn't have known what their region of the world looked like on a map at all.
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How to understand camera lens F numbers
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A 12 gauge shotgun is a larger barrel than a 20 gauge shotgun. A 6 gauge ear stud is bigger than a 14 gauge ear stud A F/2.8 aperture is bigger than a F/5.6 aperture. If you think of photography like filling a bucket with water , then the aperture is how wide your hose is, and your shutter speed is how long you turn the tap on for. Wide hose only needs the tap turned for a short time to fill the bucket, narrow hose needs the tap turned on for longer to fill the bucket to the same amount.It's a ratio of the lens' optical width to it's length. It's useful because a longer focal length lens would have lower light intensity than a shorter focal length with the same diameter opening, but using a ratio allows photographers to use both lenses to get a very similar brightness. In practical terms, a low f number allows short exposure times with less light, and has a blurrier background than a high f number
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what causes the White Cliffs of Dover, and other white cliffs to be white?
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The cliffs are made out of chalk. The same stuff you use to write on blackboards. The cliffs are the result of lots of little organism dying in that place a long time ago.
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why the US military can't deploy military police officers in areas of the country with little police presence or cities that can barely afford a functioning police force like Detroit?
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The US military is not allowed to operate on US soil save in the event of invasion or fighting those of treasonous disent . It is one of the protections that prevent the President from becoming a dictator.The Posse Comitatus Act severely limits the power of the US federal government to use the military to enforce the law domestically. It allows this only for limited periods of extreme emergency and during insurrections. Military police are trained very differently from civilian police, and serve a different purpose. You really don't want them patrolling civilian neighborhoods short of Civil War 2 or an alien invasion. Policing in the US is left up to local authorities, which allows it to be responsive to local needs and answerable to local voters.The Posse Comitatus Act. By an old federal law, the Army cannot be used to enforce domestic policies in the U.S., with very few exceptions. This is a notable difference from many countries where military police are an ordinary part of life.I remember after Hurricane Andrew when I was in Miami as a red cross volunteer, the national guard troops we talked to weren't allowed to carry live ammo. Hoodlums used to throw rocks at them knowing they couldn't shoot back.
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Why do waves in the ocean look frozen when you look at them from an airplane?
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They are continuously moving, but with nothing nearby as a reference point and at a great distance, it is hard to tell. It's like how a plane in the sky looks like It's going real slow, when it's actually going like 600 mph.
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Supernovae, Neutron stars, and black holes.
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* **Supernova**: when a massive star blows up, initiated by the sudden collapse of it's core. The collapse of the core is initiated when the pressure from nuclear fusion can no longer hold up against the immense gravity pushing in. There are generally two types, Ia and II.* **Neutron Star**: a super-massive and super-dense star where all the space between the the neutrons and electrons of the atoms of the star has been eliminated. In other words, the atoms have been crushed so there is virtually no space between the neutrons and electrons. A teaspoon of neutron star would weight millions and millions of pounds.* **Black holes**: when a super-massive star's core collapses all the way down to a singularity, an infinitely dense and infinitely small point. Bends space-time so much that not even light can escape it's gravitational pull. If you get close enough , you will never be able to escape the black hole's pull.
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Why would a three degree increase in the average global temperatures have such a devastating effect on sea levels?
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It doesn't take much to upset a balance. For example, if in the past the ice caps grew during the winter and melted during the summer at about equal rates, the water levels would not be affected. But increasing the temperature just a few degrees would mean that now every years the ice caps are melting more than they are growing. So over the years they are slowly melting away and the sea level will rise. It's also a bit of a viscous cycle. The white snow reflects light back out in to space, meaning that light wont heat up the Earth. But if the temperature gets a bit higher, there will be less snow, so now the light will hit the Earth and be absorbed, contributing to the heat. Which will cause there to be even less snow, which causes even more light to hit the Earth and so on.
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Why does flushing the toilet make the water in the shower hotter?
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Toilets use cold water to refill their tanks. Flushing causes the tank to refill. Showers mix cold and hot water to get the temperature you want. Cold water is diverted to the toilet leaving only/mostly hot water. More modern plumbing systems don’t have this issue, but its prevalent in older houses.
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Why do we make cars that easily go way faster than the speed limit?
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Well, all countries have different rules, the same goes for speed limits! The best example is Germany, they are known to have roads with NO speedlimit, meaning you can go as fast as your car will take you!. That also explains why there are many sports cars in that country too. How about other countries with speed limits?, well to be honest. People who buy such cars just do it because .well they can!Think of it as a show of status rather than practicality. Its like why people buy virtual clothes or cosmetics. Theres no advantage to getting them, the only difference is that you are now seen as a richer person!', "Besides all the reasons already posted, it's simply much more energy-efficient and economic. An internal combustion engine is most fuel-efficient at around 1,500-2,000 RPM, but is capable of safely hitting several thousand RPM higher as well. So you want your typical highway speed to be around those efficient RPMs which means the vehicle must also be capable of greater speed.
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Why are babies attracted to cartoons and not regular television shows (non-cartoons)?
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I'm pretty sure it has something to do with the soft shapes and simpler designs. That's why shows like blues clues are the way they are. I don't really know but I hope that helps.
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the situation in Kashmir?
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Alright, let's go back a bit. This is the really short version, since there's tons of nuance to this subject that you easily can--and many have--write a book about. During the 19th and early 20th century, what we know know of as India and Pakistan were ruled by the British. There was no seperation between India and Pakistan, but rather both were considered--together--to be 'British India', or the British Raj. After World War II, when the British decided to withdraw from India and grant it independence, it was decided that British India would be divided into 2 states: India, and Pakistan. India would be a Hindu state, and Pakistan a Muslim one, and all of the component parts of British India would get to decide which one they joined. In most areas this wasn't too difficult: most areas were either majority Muslim or majority Hindu, and joined Pakistan or India accordingly. However, Kashmir--one of the larger component states of British India--was split on which it should join, with some saying that Kashmire should be its own country too. In 1947, this escalated into war, with Pakistan and India each invading and taking a portion of Kashmir , while claiming to own the entire thing, and denouncing the other as illegal occupiers. India and Pakistan have fought multiple wars over the issue. The conflict has continued since then.
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Why are you not supposed to use cruise control while pulling heavy trailers?
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Say you get a speed wobble. You need to come off the throttle immediately and slow down to recover. Your cruise control obviously doesn't know a speed wobble started and staying on the throttle will make the wobble worse. Same thing can happen in slippery conditions. Cruise control can make the car slide more if your traction control doesn't intervene.
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How do they build those rickety rope bridges? I can't wrap my brain around it...
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Generally you take a thin rope that's a lot longer than the gap, secure one end and take the other end the long way, down through the valley or whatever. You pull it tight and secure it, then you can use that rope to pull across a bigger, heavier and stronger rope, and do that as many times as you need until you've got enough strength to carry workers who build the thing out into a full bridge. Yes, this does mean hanging from a few ropes over an abyss while building the bridge. Sometimes people even take the first string across with a kite.
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Why does a mobil's GPS need mobile data and data connection to work?
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Your phone doesn't need a mobile connection to receive GPS signals. As you rightly suggested, these are constantly transmitted from orbiting satellites, and no internet connection is necessary to receive that data. However your phone does need an internet connection to download the maps which it uses to display where you are -- although some mapping apps do have the ability to pre-download data for specific areas so that they'll work without online connectivity. However to store detailed maps of the entire planet would require far more memory than even the largest SD card available, so phones generally simply download just enough of the immediate area to be displayed at any given time.
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What is the evolutionary purpose of pine cones?
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The pine cone contains seeds, when it's wet the cone "scales" tighten up and close, and when it's dry they open. This means that when seeds get blown out it's drier, which means they travel further. The cone itself is just the bag for the seeds, it's not useful itself after the seeds are gonePine cones seeds all fall out of the cone while still high in the tree, well before the cone itself falls. The seeds have a wing on them so they fall like a helicopter, and cover great distances. _URL_0_
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Why can you just tag the base to get a runner out at first in baseball but it seems like you need to tag the runner himself all other times?
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It's an issue of "forced" or not. If the runner has an alternative destination then you have to tag them, if they do not you can tag the base. In the case of a runner stealing from first to second, the runner could return to first base if they decided to do so, so you must touch them. When the player has just hit the ball, they _must_ go to first base, so you can just touch the base. For an advanced example, if there is a runner on first and someone hits the ball, the runner on first can be made "out" by just touching second base, because the runner on second can't go back to first base because it's occupied by the person who just hit the ballIt's called a "force" out. Meaning that the runner has no choice, or is *forced* to run to that base. Anytime this is the case, the defender can touch the base to get the out. Only in situations where the runner has a choice to move forward, or go back to the previous base does the defender have to tag them.
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What the difference is between The District of Columbia and a regular state in The US.
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In the United States there are levels of government. Federal Government, State Government, County , City/Town etc. Each state government has a lot of latitude in passing laws as they see fit, essentially free of Federal interference, as long as their laws abide by the Constitution and certain other laws. The people in states elect members of Congress who serve in the Senate and in the House of Representatives. DC lacks a state government, and the city government is subservient to the Federal Government. The Constitution provides for DC to be ruled directly by Congress and the Federal Government . Various methods delegated the task in the past, including the appointed position of governor, and a Board of Commissioners. In recent decades, the elected office of Mayor was put in place and an elected City Council was created, which writes and votes on laws, but all laws they pass still require the OK of Congress to go into effect . The residents of DC also do not have voting members of Congress. There are no Senators for DC. There is a member of the House of Representatives who is a non-voting member. Until recently, DC residents couldn't vote for President, but this was changed and DC now has electoral votes which equal what they would get *if* a state, but can't be more than the smallest state .
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Why is using "I have black friend(s)" not a valid rebuttal to being called racist?
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Having one black friend doesn't mean a person likes all black people, that one black friend could just be the exception to the rule. It 'd be kind of like a man saying "I'm not sexist I have a wife" and then saying something like "a woman's place is only in the home".
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How do trees die? Do they have a life span and die from "old age", or do they only die when they become infected with a fungus/infested with termites/etc.?
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They die like anything else. Sure they can die of the causes you mentioned. Even if none of those happen to the tree, over time cells become less able to reproduce identical copies of themselves. Due to this, the tree will not be able to keep growing or replace its current cells, so it will die. Trees don’t need to replace their cells that often, so they can live a long timeTrees vary a lot in life expectancy. The aspen is short-lived, oaks are long, but both will eventually die in expected ages. Way out on the edge, however, there are exceptions. Nobody really knows the life expectancy of a bristle cone pine, for one example. Some plants may actually be, from our vantage point, immortal-- until something kills them.
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When the leader of the country calls the leader of another country, how does it work?
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In the Case of the USA and Russia they have a dedicated connection for diplomatic communications. In general, though, communication is done via the respective ambassadors in each country. Acting as a representative of a state is what makes the ambassador the ambassador after all. Various means of sending information to and from embassies are used depending on the sensitivity of the message and the infrastructure available to the countries in questions.
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Why land masses who are somewhat close to Antarctica such as New Zealand don't get cold?
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New Zealand is somewhat close to Antarctica in roughly the same way as Paris is somewhat close to the Arctic, and has a broadly similar climate.Simple answer is that they aren't as close as you think they are. Houston Texas is closer to the Arctic circle than Sydney is to Antarctica by about 200 miles.
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The whole thing about DRM and Ubisoft.
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Ubisoft is notorious for the DRM in the games they make. The most frequent example of it is the requirement to be connect to the internet at all times while you play. So if you wanted to play for example single player Assassins Creed but where offline no dice. The reason for the DRM was to stop pirates, you cant play the game without connecting online and if they detect a pirated copy they would just close the game. Problem solved! Piracy stopped! Expect pirates just disable that bit of code, allowing them to play offline. The result is piracy continues, and in fact the pirates get the best version of the game because they can play it offline while your paying customers are stuck with the online always requirement. Ubisoft has recently announced that they will stop using the always connected method of DRM for future gamesDRM, Digital Rights Management, is software or a procedure to verify the integrity of or if a file is genuine. Historically, DRM has never been a positive for the end user. Some can cause issues with the computer others inhibit the game from being re installed while others need to be connected to the internet to play single player games. So no DRM means the end user will have an easier time enjoying their purchase.
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How does a medicine, like one to help quit smoking, develop into side effects like suicidal thoughts?
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Because it changes the chemical composition of your body, specifically your brain chemistry. Think of it like this: Medicine A works by causing your brain to produce lots of chemical A. Chemical A being present in your system helps to curb your desire to smoke, which is great. But chemical A does lots of things besides that maybe it regulates your heart rate in some way, maybe it affects your mood, maybe it affects your memory. One of those many side effects could increase suicidal thoughtsOne of the side effects of depression is a lack of motivation caused by changes in brain chemistry . Ironically, this makes you less motivated to *kill yourself* Some medications influence brain chemistry in such a way that a depressed person, while still depressed, now has more motivation -- and subsequently begins to plan their own suicide.I'll just add that sometimes it's just statistical probability and them adding it just to cover their bases. during the study, maybe a few people became suicidal, but there's no way to really know if it had anything to do with the medicine. Often drug companies will simply throw that in as a side-effect even if they're not sure, just in case.
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Why does hot air seem difficult to breathe?
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Hot air is less dense than cold air so there is actually less oxygen present in it for your lungs to pass into your bloodstream
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How does the website _URL_0_ predict gas prices?
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Future fuel prices are based on todays crude oil prices, so lets say on monday, a company buys enough crude oil to generate 100 gallons of fuel for $50, that they sell for $1 per gallon. They get a delivery every monday, wed, fri. On Wed's delivery, their price has risen to $52 for 100 gallons, so when they are legally able to* they raise their price to $1.04** *I believe, in the U.S. there are laws in place that prevent them from raising the price in "existing stock" based on a new price. So if they can't buy a metric crapton real cheap, and then raise the price when they are still using that gase if the price skyrockets **My initial cost, for them, was 50 cents per gallon, that they were getting double for, at $1, so when their price rose to .52, they doubled their price from that, to $1.04
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Why does sand harden when water touches it?
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Mostly because water likes to stick to things . Sand is a bunch of tiny rocks all sitting in a pile. When you pour water onto sand, the water gets into all the little cracks between the grains. Water, as I said above, likes to stick to itself moreso than than the air that used to be between those grains. As such, the water-infused sand sticks together more and, from a human's perspective, hardens.
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When I charge my phone through the USB port on my computer, does it charge slower than it would through a wall charger?
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The answer is, alas, "maybe". If your PC was build before 2012, and your phone uses a 2A charger, then yes. Even if neither of these is true, then it still might be "yes". The USB standard for peripheral devices specifies that power consumption can't exceed 100mA without negotiating a higher transfer rate over the protocol. The USB charging port standard supported up to 7.5W . This standard was intended for when the port was used only for charging, and so generally wouldn't be used by a USB port on a computer. In 2012, the charging standard was enhanced to include a mechanism for negotiating power transfer of 10W . Theoretically, the standard also supports a 60W charging protocol, but the USB 2 connector is incapable of supporting this. If your device does power negotiation over the USB peripheral protocol, and the PC was built to support the new enhanced charging standard, then you might get 10W over the connector. Otherwise, your charging will be slower over PC USBBecause your computer, just like many USB's in cars, don't supply enough power. If you were to plug in an iPad, it would probably display "not charging" near the battery icon, though it is charging, just very slowly.
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How social security contributes to national debt
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Social Security was doing great. In fact, it was doing SO great that as the Baby Boomers entered the workforce, it took in WAY more than it needed. However in a rare event, Congress was smart and realized "Yeah, but we're going to be needing this money when all these folks retire." So they decided to save it up in a **Social Security Trust Fund**. However, just like you don't keep your money in a mason jar, the SSTF invested it just like everyone else does with their excess money. They invest it in what is considered the safest investment in the world. US Government Debt. So fast forward to the present day and there's no actual MONEY in the SSTF. Just Treasury Bills. Congress owes the SSTF a **SHIT TON** of money and now they need it because the Baby Boomers are retiring. Problem: Now Congress is broke too. So now WTF do we do? > So could you cut it and reduce the debt? Well you COULD. But then you have tell over 100 MILLION Americans that they have paid tens of thousands of dollars into it for their entire lives and now they're going to get absolutely nothing back. > But if people pay into social security, then wouldn't cutting it just be cutting the money that they paid into it originally? But that money is gone. It has either gone to pay benefits for people that are currently retired, or was "borrowed" by Congress to pay for the General Budget. Social Security isn't the problem. SS is viable in the near future and viable in the long term with only major tweaks . It's **Medicare** that's hosed.
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Why is water in drawings portrayed as blue even though most rivers and lakes do not look blue?
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Large bodies of water like rivers, lakes, and oceans really are blue. Pure water with nothing else in it is transparent. But large bodies of water are not remotely pure. You know how a bottle of maple syrup looks dark brown, but a small drop of it looks very light brown, almost transparent? Large bodies of water are the same. Take a small cup of it and it looks transparent. But look at a large volume of it and you're seeing through millions of gallons of it, and the tiny tint to the water makes it overall appear a light, medium or even dark blue. The main reason water is blue is because some of the particles in water absorb red light, so what's left is blue. But some lakes are also colored by algae. Finally, while not a primary factor, reflecting the blue color of the sky is sometimes part of what contributes to water appearing blue.> While relatively small quantities of water appear to be colorless, water's tint becomes a deeper blue as the thickness of the observed sample increases. The blue hue of water is an intrinsic property and is caused by selective absorption and scattering of white light. Impurities dissolved or suspended in water may give water different colored appearances. The ocean looks blue because red, orange and yellow are absorbed more strongly by water than is blue . So when white light from the sun enters the ocean, it is mostly the blue that gets returned. Same reason the sky is blue.
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What exactly is the difference between Arab and Persian?
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I mean, this is kind of like asking "what's the difference between French and German?" Well, a lot. Arabs speak Arabic, Persians speak Farsi Arabs are principally from modern day Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia while Persians come from modern day Iran. Persia existed as a unified polity before Islam and practiced, for the most part, a distinct, dominant faith . There are countless tiny minutia that distinguish Arabic and Persian culture as well. I'm not familiar enough with either culture to really get into that kind of stuff thoughArabs are a semitic ethnic group, who speak a Central Semitic language, which in itself is an Afro-asiatic family member . Persians are an Iranic people who speak an indo-european language . Arabs are sunni muslims , who before that were Christian/jewish/Arab pagans, while Iranians are Shiite Muslims , who before were zoroastrian/nestorian/tengrii. I think you can consider Iranians a much more monolithic group, since they mostly encompass only a single nation, Iran, while arabs is a much more diverse group, which can be refering only to those of Saudi arabia, who are the stereotypical arabs, but actually maintain many more groups, which have the influence of local languages, cultures, and religions which set them apart. Omani, for example,a re not Sunni, they are Ibadi. Moroccans are not exclusively ethnically arab, and have a great deal of Berber culture, language, and other elements in them, which are not present in Arabia. Berbers are not arabs, although today the majority are sunni and speak arabic. EDIT: central semitic, not southern semitic, oopsThink of the Persians like failed Jews. A people with their own insular nation amongst the Arabs due to a differing religion. The difference being that when they were conquered , they kept their own language and culture, but otherwise gave up their unique religion for IslamWell, arabia geographically is the peninsula between africa and mainland asia while persia geographically is north-east of the arabian peninsula roughly where modern day Iran is located.
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why pens appear 'bendy'
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Believe it or not, like a camera, our brain has a "frame rate" or amount of information we can take in per second and process. It's about 15 f/s. Since our minds take in information in this finite way, filling in spaces as it needs to for the perception of motion, we can get fooled by motion blur, like a pencil wiggling, if it's at certain speeds. That's why when you're doing the trick, you need to get it just right: too slow, and it looks stiff, too fast, and it's the same as a fan blade spinning. There's also something to be said for the fact that to do the trick, you need to keep the middle in the same place. This makes it seem like there's a point at which the pencil bends, a point of reference for our eyes. Hope that helped', "This illusion is due to a strobe effect. It is the same phenomenon that makes a helicopter's blades look like they are spinning slowly on video. Another example is a wheel spinning backwards. In videos it happens because the object is turning at near the same rate as the camera captures frames. Now in real life, any light that flickers can create this effect too. Old TVs and fluorescent light tubes flicker really fast. Your brain glosses over those moments of darkness so the light appears to be constant, but you can easily see the strobe effect it produces on your pen when you wave it quickly. Your brain tries to piece together the short glimpses it gets of the pen, but it's not perfect so the pen looks bent.
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When watching a game/fight how do they and who is in charge of switching from camera to camera for the best shot.
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Former TV News station employee here. Your local station doesn't have any control of the game being aired. The network itself has their own crew at the game. Each camera is routed into a main control room, where there is a crew of people controlling what makes it on air. You have your audio techs, who control the sound, your graphics guys, who are creating the on air graphics you see, you have your team responsible for quickly grabbing footage to be used for instant replays, etc. As for your question, each camera comes into it's own monitor on a giant wall of TVs, think the Architect's room in the Matrix Revolutions, it is kind of like that. Each TV has a corresponding number. The director is watching all screens, calling out which camera to take on air. The Technical Director is in charge of pulling up the cameras, he does this by sitting at a [giant board]. That feed is then fed back to all the local stations or cable companies, depending on the area. Hope that was easy to understand, there are a lot of moving parts.
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What is "blue light" and why does filtering it on my phone help protect my eyes?
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The most important thing about filtering blue light from your electronic devices is that blue light keeps you awake at night. Light signals your body to stop the production of melatonin and destroy the melatonin in your body, and blue light is the most effective at causing this. Melatonin signals the rest of your body to sleep and gives you that sleepy feeling. Filtering out the blue from your phone screen and computer monitor helps prevent sleep disorders because it helps prevent those devices from falsely signaling your body to stop producing melatonin.
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Why is the tenth month called October? Did it used to be the eighth of something?
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Yep. In the Roman calendar, the year started in spring -- that is, with March. They had ten months, and then just said "aw, fuck winter, it's not worth months." That didn't last, so two more months were added at the end of the year -- January and FebruaryThe pre-Julian Roman calendar began in March and had a total of 10 months, October was the 8th.As others have said it is the 8th in the roman calendar, but it isn't unique in this respect. November, think nueve/neuf/nine in Spanish/French/English, and December having the same root as dix/diez , September seven/siete/sept .In the old Roman calendar it was the 8th month. It has kept its name since then.
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why do root beer floats foam when you put the soda on the ice cream?
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The ice cream has a very rough surface and is cold. The level of dissolved carbon dioxide in the soda is a function of temperature; the colder the liquid, the less carbon dioxide it can hold. The cold temperature of the ice cream causes the soda to cool, forcing carbon dioxide to come out of solution and form bubbles. However, the carbon dioxide needs a place to start forming a bubble. The rough surface of the ice cream serves as points for the bubbles to start forming . When that many bubbles form in a liquid, it takes on a frothy, foamy texture/appearance; hence, root beer floats are foamy.
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How did a piece of leather sharpen an olde timey razor when leather is softer than steel?
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The purpose of the leather isn't to "sharpen" it's to "hone". In the first stage of getting dull the tip of the razor will bend. The leather strop is used to \'push\' the tip back into the right alignment without removing any material. This process is called "honing", you should do it a lot, which is why you don't acutally want to use something hard that will remove material . If the knife becomes very dull then you start to do actual damage to the edge, and then you need to remove material to make a new edge. That process is called "sharpening"Figured I would post, but you aren't actually just running the steel back and forth across the leather. The leather is coated with a fine ceramic powder called jeweler's rouge. There are a couple other powders that can be used as well including very fine particles of diamond. So not only does the flip-flopping across the leather "hone" the metal and straighten it, but also the hard particles will remove small amounts of the metal until you get the edge you need.The leather strops don't necessarily 'sharpen' the razor blade, but rather re-hone the edge. A cutting edge on steel is really like a tiny, immobile chainsaw with a bunch of jagged edges that do the cutting. Most times when a blade loses its cutting edge it just needs to be re-honed, and it's only after major damage or usage that it needs to be re-ground . If you're curious about what the razor's edge is actually like, there have been several other threads here about it to search for.
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When a gun is fired in fully automatic mode, is the recoil pattern predictable or random?
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I 've fired exactly two automatic rifles in my life, I was young and didn't know the type of one, the other was some hands on historical thing and I was allowed to shoot a tommy gun filled with blanks down range, but it was pretty "predictable" both times, every shot gives recoil, so as long as the shots are consistent, the recoil will be. Unless, however, you mean travel caused by recoil. In which case that completely depends on your ability to control the weapon, the amount of recoil can definitely make a difference, but generally if you know how to handle it you can control it to a surprising degree. Though you'll always have travel with automatic rifles.In a real gun, the recoil is simply the force that is the opposite of the force propelling the bullet and gases of out of the barrel. The movement of a particular gun is entirely predictable, if you imagine it free-floating in a vacuum. In reality of course, you hold a gun at the bottom and wedge the back against your shoulder. You try to move to counteract the recoil. It's the inconsistency of holding the gun and the way you move that make recoil unpredictable. The games that add a random factor to the pattern have it right.In principle, it's predictable. It's a normal mechanics problem, which is basically deterministic. However, even if it is predictable, your body can't adjust precisely and fast enough, so there is some "random" drift. So the randomness is real. . But again in principle, you could design a robot that could minimize any fluctuations, although current tech isn't really there
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What gives art its value?
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We give art its value. Its primary value is in what the art says. In 1917, an art museum was running a promotion in which they advertised that they would accept any form of art in their museum. Duchamp challenged this notion by submitting a urinal, signing it, and submitting it as a piece. The museum tried to protest against it, but Duchamp maintained that it was 'art', as there was no other criteria by which they defined art. It's now classified under 'Dadaism', which basically means that nonsense can be in itself an art form. Humans have a tendency to assign meaning to things even if they are nonsensical, which is what the art form draws on. The art in itself doesn't have to make sense, but we can pull meaning from it simply from the context in which it is being displayed. That's why people who go to museums try to stare at the art until they can figure out what it means to them; it draws on the context of the situation to provide its value. 'Conventional' art like paintings of people or places also carry meaning, but in a different way; it's about the presentation, perspective, or detail involved in a specific scene. 'Abstract' art bases its meaning on drawing your attention to things you might not have considered, which is why it's harder for most people to understand.
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How can there be any hope of stabilizing CO2 emissions if they are still steadily increasing?
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First of all, let's make sure we all understand what we mean by stabilising CO2 emissions. Because of the long residence time of CO2 in the atmosphere, the figure that actually affects the climate is not annual CO2 emissions but *cumulative* CO2 emissions. This means that the problem is going to get increasingly worse until our emissions reach *zero* - simply stabilising them at some nonzero value is not enough. It seems fairly inevitable that we will be able to eventually achieve a constant atmospheric concentration of CO2, the questions are when and at what concentration. Whilst CO2 emissions have been accelerating fairly constantly for the better part of a century now, there are signs that this is slowing and that CO2 emissions may be about to plateau. It is too early to be sure of this, but I think there is an increasing amount of optimism that the nightmare business-as-usual scenarios might be overly pessimistic and that an emission pathway like RCP-4.5 or RCP-6.0 will be more realistic. This is still a problem though, because all of these pathways still result in warming that would be regarded as very dangerous, certainly in excess of the 2 degree target set at the Paris Climate Conference. Indeed, in order for these targets to be remotely possible, global emissions would have to be zero at some point in the second half of the 21st Century, and would then have to become *negative*. Does that sound unlikely? Yes, and I don't think there are many people who seriously believe that we are going to achieve the targets set at Paris. *However*, whilst this means that we are probably going to undergo some very harmful changes in climate, it is not the same thing as predicting run-away climate change. Whilst it is important to be aware of risks like the Clathrate-Gun Hypothesis or the shutting down of the Gulf Stream or AMOC, it is not currently thought that this is likely.
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How come we can increase our muscle mass but not our bone density?
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We can increase our bone density. If it happens too much, it would result in osteopetrosis. Nutrition affects the bone density as well as other factors. Calcium helps bones grow stronger, which means denser.
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