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Why did Ted Cruz ask those students to text "Constitution" to 33733?
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It's a way for his campaign to identify potential supporters. Presumably people who text back are those who are both interested in politics and potential supporters of his. It's good to identify and engage with those people early. They are more likely to vote, more likely to donate money, and more likely to get others involved.
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Once and for all, is The Pirate Bay legal, and if it isn't how does it remain online?
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There is no global law covering The Pirate Bay and similar sites. Even if, for example, it's illegal in the USA, it might be legal in Sweden. If there is even a single country where it is legal, it can be hosted in and operated from said country, and then there is no mechanism to take it offline entirely. As for whether it's legal in any *given* country, legal opinions differ. Because it doesn't actually *host* any copyrighted content to content, not the content itself - and TPB doesn't even host *those* any more, just Magnet links, which are *links* to links to links to content), it's difficult to prove that its operators are breaking copyright law. On the other hand, it is clear that copyright law *is being broken by someone*, and torrent-search sites are facilitating this, so the question becomes one of finding a basis for applying legal culpability to the website's owners, operators, and/or Internet service providers.
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What's currently happening on Brazil?
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A couple things, really. The President and many members of the government are in deep trouble for something involving Petrobras — they are accused of taking bribes, etc. and this issue specifically is very divisive so I won't take a side. Then there's the fact that they have really bad economic problems, and they still have lots of poverty, but they decided to hold the Olympics and World Cup which despite boosting the economy, does nothing to help the massive poverty problem. After the Panama papers, top politicians in Brazil were caught doing…the whole thing, but while this isn't specific to Brazil, it does help contribute to the feeling that the government and society is falling apart. The problems are unique to Brazil, but the situation isn't really that different from the rest of the world. I can't really give an input on what's actually happening since I'm relatively well-off financially and not from Brazil but it seems that it's just yet another situation where people are getting tired of the elites becoming richer while everyone is getting poorer.So basically the Government is subsidizing things that the poor people can buy. So they sell oil, water, and food way below market price to these people to keep them afloat. They can afford this by basically "stealing" other people's assets. The government forcibly took control of the largest oil company in Brazil, Pretobas. Since the price of oil has gone down so much, the government can no longer afford to subsidize those items for poorer people to buy. The top 1% was pissed off the whole time because their assets were being "stolen", it's just that now the bottom 50% is pissed off as well because they can't get their goods for a cheap price. Kind of an add-on: The president basically said that she would keep subsidizing goods as long as people keep electing her. Now since they don't have the money to subsidize the goods, people are pissed off.
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- Why when people sneeze it’s out of their mouth, but your body is trying to get something out of your nose?
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I've wondered about that too. I think it has something to do with your nasal passages not being able to handle such a big blast of air, so most of it has to come from our mouths. Maybe sneezes aren't meant to get something out of our nose as much as they're meant to protect the more vital parts of our respiratory system, and our noses serve as a warning that bad things are in the air. But it does help your nose, because it makes the tickle go away.
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Now that net neutrality rules go into effect today, how does that affect the average person?
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It's still being argued in court. The only real effect of the change is the structure of the court arguments shifted to one that enables more government regulation of fairness. The average person won't know the effects until the court cases shake out, give it 2-3 years and ask again. Sorry, the world of government regulations doesn't move a Internet speed.
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- Could we only eat exactly what our bodies need, and never poop?
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> Poop is just waste, right? Wrong. Or at least, poop is not just undigested food. Feces contain various other biological waste products that we can't stop producing. Things like bile, and broken-down, dead red blood cells. Plus, roughly 40% of feces consist of dead bacteria: You have **tons** of bacteria living in your intestines, helping you extract nutrients from food. As those bacteria die, they get expelled.Your body is not 100% efficient at extracting nutrients, so you would still poop.The waste we generate isn't just the parts of food that we can't digest, but actually waste we make ourselves. Poo is brown because of parts of dead blood cells that we can't reuse. Incoming food turns into waste products; we don't just convert it directly into pure energy.You can *almost* never poop. The guy that developed Soylent found he pooped no more than a few grams a week. [source] "when everything going in to your body is diffused in to the bloodstream, you don't poop. I only have to remove a few grams of fiber from my system per week". Cannot wait to get me some of that for 3-6 meals a week. I don't mind pooping much.
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Reddit has made Bernie Sanders look like the perfect candidate. Can someone explain some of his generally negative views?
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He is anti-science.. He moved to ban substances in plastic containers that were safe and the replacements are less safe. He is also a GMO scare monger looking to confuse the public into believing GMOs are unsafe. Additionally, he has sponsored a bill to treat veterans with "alternate" medicine rather than scientifically proven healthcare. His economic views can also be considered dangerous if you are someone who cares about debt and fiscal responsibility.This question is a bit loaded, you won't find anyone who agrees with 100% of his policy position, that would be impossible of any candidate. For example someone in this thread has said that he's anti-gun, yet for others he's not tough enough on guns. But here's the thing with Bernie, he's probably the only candidate I know that both A) truly believes what he speaks, and B) is actually primarily interested in helping the American people. An honest candidate that actually wants to help Americans and has probably at least 80% good ideas you're just not ever going to do better than that.
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What is cardiovascular endurance, what happens within your body when you gain it, and what happens when you lose it.
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Cardiovascular endurance refers to how efficiently your cardiovascular system can absorb oxygen and deliver it to tissues throughout the body. When you "gain" endurance, you're just working out the heart like any other muscle. Instead of lifting weights, you're running, walking, cycling, and anything else that is considered aerobic exercise. After awhile, just like skeletal muscles, the heart and blood vessels become stronger. This means they can push more blood throughout the body without doing a ton of work. effectively delivering oxygen to skeletal muscles. Losing it is fairly self explanatory. Just like skipping the gym for a couple of weeks, you will see a loss in muscle mass and strength. The heart is the same, in that sedentary activity does nothing to promote cv endurance, and so the heart and vessels will have to work harder to move blood throughout the body, which is less efficient.
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How do scuba divers ascend/descend?
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They wear a device called a BC . Usually it is a sort of vest with an inflatable bladder inside. Air from the tanks is redirected to the bladder to make the diver more buoyant, and released to make them less. Divers also typically wear weights to ensure they can sink if necessary, and that be released in an emergency.
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When markets crash, where does all the money go?
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It was never there to begin with. Say Jon has 50 shares in Company inc.. On the market, these 50 shares are worth $500, because lots of people want to pay $10 for a share in Company inc. But Jon doesn't have $500. Jon has 50 shares. Suddenly, news breaks that the CEO of Company inc. makes all of her major business decisions by rolling a set of dice. People worry that this will eventually drive Company inc. into the ground, and so people don't want to pay as much for a share in Company inc. Jon still has 50 shares. But now Jon's shares are only worth $2 each. Multiple this scenario by a few hundred million and you have a stock market crash.
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Can someone explain to me what's the issue with Obama and drone strikes? And why what he said in Prague about nuclear weapons is so frowned upon?
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I don't know much about the topic, but one of the issues with drone strikes is that how we classify the victims of the strikes is woefully inadequate and misleading: _URL_3URL_2URL_1_ Essentially, Obama changed the definition of "militant" in drone strikes to be incredibly wide to the point where if you or I were there, we would be classified as one. Leaked documents have shown that as many as 90% of the deaths in drone strikes are unintentional, innocent people: _URL_0_
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Why certain factions of Israel's leadership believe that settlements are necessary for Israeli safety.
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If you stand in parts of the settlements, known as Judea & Samaria, you can look over Israel completely and see the sea. If the Israelis don't have access to the settlements, then their enemies could easily fire down on the Israeli population. So it's a security issue for many.
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The different Dimensions relative to our own.
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Don't let anybody fool you into thinking this is more complicated than it is. The word "dimension" simply refers to a number you use to identify a point. Here we 've got a straight line. How can I pick a point on that line, then give you sufficient information to find exactly the same point? Well, we'll start by agreeing upon an arbitrarily chosen point of origin, then I can just tell you how far to the left or right of that point of origin my chosen point is. If I tell you that my point is three feet to the right of the point of origin, then you have all the information you need to find that point. We might even establish a kind of shorthand, where if I say "3" you know I mean "the point three feet to the right of the point of origin," or if I say "minus 4" I mean "the point four feet to the left of the point of origin." In this way, we can *uniquely identify a point* using just a single number. But if we wanted to talk instead about points in a *plane,* we 'd need *two* numbers to identify them. We could choose to use more, of course, but that 'd just be wasteful, as we can uniquely identify points in a plane using just two numbers. If we were talking about points in a volume, we 'd need to use no fewer than *three* numbers to identify them. However we choose to identify the points — distances along mutually perpendicular axes, angles measured from some reference direction, whatever —\xa0we 'd need no fewer than three numbers to uniquely identify a chosen point. The *dimensionality* of a space, then, is how many numbers you need *at minimum* to uniquely identify a point in that space. That's all it means. It doesn't mean anything else.
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in Great Britain, what does the power differential look like between the Monarchy, Parliament, and the Prime Minister?
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The Monarch has, in effect, no legal power at all. In theory they can withhold their Royal Assent to a law, but in practice if they did so it would make the abolition of the monarchy much more likely, so they don't. Any stated political positions of the monarch would probably have significant impact one way or another, but the reigning Queen tries to avoid taking public stances so this doesn't really come up. There are, as noted in further comments below, various other powers of the monarch which are used "on the advice of the Prime Minister" - which essentially makes them powers of Parliament or the PM which happen to have to go through the monarch, so again, not effective personal powers. Law-making power rests with Parliament. The Prime Minister also leads the party which controls the most seats in the Commons, so they have considerable influence here, but it is Parliament that actually writes and votes on laws. The Prime Minister's power is significant, but mostly indirect. They choose the Cabinet, thereby determining which MPs will head the various Ministries, and they have major input on the makeup of various committees. The *effect* is that much of the lawmaking *agenda* is filtered through the PM - though this is far from absolute.
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How this battery train experiment works?
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[This] should help you out people on a physics forum explaining it pretty simply EDIT: Aww hell, I guess I'll copy/paste the answer here > If you run a current through a coil; it generates an magnetic field inside the coil [like this] > If the field lines are exactly parallel a bar magnet will feel no net force. However at the ends of the coil, where the field lines diverge, a bar magnet will be either pulled into the coil or pushed out of the coil depending on which way round you insert it. > The trick in the video is that the magnets are made of a conducting material and they connect the battery terminals to the copper wire, so the battery, magnets and copper wire make a circuit that generates a magnet field just in the vicinity of the battery. The geometry means the two magnets are automatically at the ends of the generated magnetic field, where the field is divergent, so a force is exerted on the magnets. > The magnets have been carefully aligned so the force on both magnets points in the same direction, and the result is that the magnets and battery move. But as they move, the magnetic field moves with them and you get a constant motion. > If you flipped round the two magnets at the ends of the battery the battery and magnets would move in the reverse direction. If you flipped only one magnet the two magnets would then be pulling/pushing in opposite directions and the battery wouldn't move.
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What exactly are TOPS for college.
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TOPS is a program in Louisiana that offers free college tuition to students who meet a certain GPA and ACT requirement. It was started by Patrick Taylor, a rich oil man, and now the Louisiana government pays for it. Tuition for private school is not free, but you get some money towards private school tuition as well. Course, GPA and ACT requirements can be seen [here]
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What is the difference between an irrational number and a transcendental number?
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> All transcendental numbers are irrational. not all irrational numbers are transcendental. > Trancendental numbers cannot be written as roots of polynomials Eli6: Irrational numbers are a class of numbers that are defined by the fact that you cannot represent them as a ratio of integers. Transcendental numbers are a class of numbers that are defined by the fact they are not algebraic. algebraic numbers are numbers that can be written as a root of a polynomial with rational coefficients: So any number that can be represented as the answer to an equation of the form a + bx + cx^2 + dx^3 + ex^4 + fx^5 + ðx^n = 0 Where the coefficients a,b,c,d,e .ð are all rational numbers. So, root 2 is irrational, but it is algebraic because it is the answer to the equation x^2 = 2 and thus is not transcendental. Similarly the more or less random number ~ 1.27367020598447 is also not trancendental, because it is a valid solution to the equation x^4 + 5x - 9 - 9= 0 ) Trancendental numbers like pi can't be written as solutions to equations of this form. They will always need at least one irrational number as a coefficient to be written like this.
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Why does it burn if you burp through your nose after drinking something carbonated?
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They contain small amounts of carbonic acid and there will be some of this left in the gas that you release. Your nose is far more sensitive to such things than your mouth is, so you feel the acid burning more than your mouth. You can test this with a green chili. Place one on your tongue and place one up your nose and see which one is worseEssentially, soda is fizzy because it is carbonated. That means it has carbon dioxide dissolved into the water. This carbonated water is a weak acid, which is why water tastes different if you leave it out for a bit. Now, when you burp, you are releasing carbon dioxide that was in the water. Now, that carbon dioxide mixes with the water in your nose, recreating the carbonic acid in your nose. Now, your nose is pretty sensitive, so having acid in it burns. A lot.
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Why are GPU clock speeds soo much lower than CPU clock speeds.
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They have very different architectures and are built for different purposes. Generally, GPU clocks are set as high as it is viable as well but asking why they are at such different levels is more or less like asking why bike engines and tractors operate at such different RPM. They might be slower, but not exactly "worse" - they are both good at what they were built for, but would most likely suck trying to do tasks of the other. They are both engines, but not very similar in design and built for very different purposes.
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How is the TV rating calculated?
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They don't. They use sampling of a select few and project that out to the whole population. They will often use [Nielsen Ratings] which will connect a device to a television to record their viewing habits.TV ratings, the way they are done now, are statistical extrapolations based on representative limited user groups. "We know that X people of our test group watched this or that, so that must extrapolate to Y people in the population."This will change sooner or later as more people are watching TV material on DVD/BluRay or by online streams, which is still barely measured, so in future it will probably be more accurate to call them "media consumption ratings" or something when listing how an episode of your favorite show has been doing. It's currently an interesting phenomenon that some shows suffer bad ratings on TV and thus are deemed a flop and get cancelled, with the studio executives finding out not soon after that the show is doing fabulous on Netflix or Hulu or in DVD sales and people actually like and watch it.
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If a US soldier dies in another country and he is a donor, will his/her organs be donated or discarded?
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Yes, if viable the persons organs can/are be donated. However I did some googling and I found that it's pretty unlikely the organs can reach the patient in time. The heart is viable for 4-6 hours if kept on ice, with the liver ideally no longer than 12 but viable for up to 16 hours. The organs would never make it back to the states I checked the non-stop flight time itself from Saudi Arabia to New York being 12 hours. Medical bases in Europe would be a viable option.
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How to temperature guns work in order to get the temperature of a surface?
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Next time you turn on your stove, you might notice that the burner turns red as it heats up. That's because increasing the temperature of an object causes it to radiate energy. Now, for most objects, increasing the temperature of an object over the comfortable range for human beings doesn't change the energy it emits as visible light. Your burner had to get pretty hot before it started glowing red. But infrared light is emitted by most objects based on even relatively low temperatures. So if you want to see how hot an object is, all you need to do is look at it in the infrared spectrum. You can't see in the infrared spectrum. But your temperature gun can, so all it does is measure the luminosity of an infrared emitter - the object you're pointing it at.
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How come I'm well-rested after sleeping from 3 to 12, but when I fall asleep at 12 and wake up at 9, I feel like hell?
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You can read up on Circadian Rhythm and REM Cycles for a more detailed explanation, but the simple answer is the your body gets used to a certain sleep wake cycle based on your habits and environment. When that cycle gets broken, by going to sleep too early or too late, or sleeping to long or to little, it can cause fatigue since you will be awake when your body is expecting you to be asleep or vice versa. That may cause you to feel tired after you sleep for a long time or find yourself unable to sleep through the night if you go to sleep too early.
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How Google stores caches of so many websites
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There are a few methods that Google uses. The primary one is that Google spends plenty on continually adding more servers, server space, and improving their ability to manage that ever-growing space. Also, copies of crawled websites compress better than many types of data. Google once released that they're able to compress crawled websites to an average of 11% of their uncompressed size. [There's also this theory of where they get all that server space.] ;)
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Why is it bad that Rachel Dolezal identifies as black even though she's apparently white?
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The thing about race is that there's virtually no difference in brain chemistry or anything like that between races. Identifying as a different gender, for instance, is different, where actual physiological differences might come into play. Race identification is a very superficial thing, genetically, and plays more into culture and society - the genetic differences are often greater between two people of the same race than two people of different races. The way society views you as being part of a particular race is mostly external. Rachel Dolezal spent most of her life as clearly a white person, so she didn't get the societal impact of being black. Now, there's no reason an NAACP officer can't be a white person, but lying about it is different, and there's no indication she genuinely identified as black . A white person can fight for racial equality, but intentionally obfuscating her life experiences is something else.
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The difference in natural sugar you find in fruit and refined sugar?
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There is no chemical difference. When you eat fruit, you're eating sugar embedded in a plant, and so you digest it more slowly , and you take in all the other stuff in the plant . There's a lot of evidence that eating fruit is good for you. Eating only or primarily fruit will usually make you sick because you get too much sugar and fiber-- but that's not something that usually happens because you'll probably get tired of eating fruit before you get there. On the other hand, people don't get tired of eating sugar before it makes them very sick, including diabetes.
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Why do our pets like being stroked and cuddled?
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Probably because they're covered in hair, you know how your ball hair itches sometimes and it feels good to scratch it? Times that by 1000. They're basically big walking ballbags.
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how every lock and key in the world is made to be unique with no duplicates
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They aren't, there are lots of duplicates out there Schlage house locks are very common, their keys come with a 5 or 6 digit code on them. Best case that gives you a million key combos. Not nearly enough to make every lock unique, but plenty to make it unlikely a random person has the same key as you Security is designed to make access more difficult so people don't try, it is never perfect and always accepts certain weak points that are too expensive to fix
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What happens if the CA drought continues and we run out of water?
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In the event that the drought continues, water will be re-prioritized for human consumption [Irrigation of Agricultural Crops - Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources]. If the drought further continues and water storage runs dry, it is likely that a state of emergency will be declared and FEMA and the Federal government will start trucking water from elsewhere in the US to supply population centers. It is likely that, at this point, desalinization will become further adopted by the state. [A new plant has been constructed near San Diego] and is likely going to be the start of a trend in the state.It's happened before. Water rates go up & they start forcing people to conserve while bringing in water from neighboring states.Most of your water does not even belong to you. You get it from lake Mead.
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ETMLI5 why churches/religious buildings in the United States get property tax exemptions?
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religious institutions are not-for-profit 501c institutions, just like the YMCA or Duck's Unlimited or other non-profits. a nonprofit's income and profit is legally supposed to go toward the betterment of the organization's mission or the general benefit of the community. the profit can't go for bonuses for employees or board members. and this is exactly what churches do. you don't have to donate to them if you don't want to. sure, a person like Joel Osteen makes a huge salary from his church, and that's because he's able to raise a heck of a lot of money. a nonprofit is different than a regular for-profit business, because if a for-profit business does well, some of that profit goes to board members or other stakeholders .
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Why is third party software "locked" to certain operating systems?
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The operating system, among other things, provides an interface for programs to the hardware and usually other stuff like the means to make a window, put buttons in it, render things, etc. There's no cross-platform interface for all this that exists natively on all OSes except kind of ChromeOS and FirefoxOS which are bascially just an OS that does nothing but runs a browser. If you don't want your app to be broswer-based, there's not much you can really do to support all of the systems. This is especially true in the case of games where most games want to use the DirectX graphics library to provide its various drawing abilities, but DirectX is an MS exclusive. OpenGL is on all systems, but not as often used.
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what were the negative social and economic consequences of bigamy/polygamy, that gradually resulted in its criminalization, in most countries ?
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You can look at it from both directions. In one direction, polygamy is a response to a shortage of men. Normally, this shortage is due to consuming those men in wars and violent criminal enterprises. So extremely violent societies are more likely to favor polygamy. In the other direction, polygamy causes the violence by a small cadre of men monopolizing access to women and leaving the majority of men without such access. In terms of becoming criminalized, it's easiest to see looking backwards. The societies which thrived over time were those that adopted the most effective cultural patterns . While the most elite men in all societies have always enjoyed a broad availability of sexual partners, societies where these elites were very small and the prevailing pattern was monogamy ended up being far more stable and prosperous because they weren't being forced to engage in endless external violence to forestall endless internal violence.
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Why do people want Obama impeached over the Benghazi attack?
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The scandal originally was about when the attacks occurred the Administration, including Hillary Clinton, blamed it on reaction to some terribly made [anti-Muslim movie trailer]. In actuality it was coordinated effort by Al Qaeda. This got the Republicans very upset. And they accused Obama of playing politics by covering up a security failure and Al Qaeda attack and pointing fingers at the movie and implying that Republican extremists were the cause. Instead of the White House being grown ups and admitting they messed up they have parsed statements and shown that technically they did make some statements blaming terrorists rather than movie critics. And instead of the Republicans being grown ups and getting over the whole thing they have conducted Congressional hearings to look into the thing. The congressional hearings today are about how much warning there was before the attack. The Republicans are trying to find something but have no actual evidence the White House did anything drastically wrong.The accusation is that Obama used Susan Rice to cover up that there was a terrorist involvement in the Benghazi attack. After the attack Susan Rice's position was that the attack was due to the movie The Innocence of Muslims. Because Susan Rice was stating this and she works for President Obama, Republicans are saying that it was ultimately his fault and because Petraeus later said that he had told the President that it was a terrorist attack. They are also angry because those under attack at the embassy asked for military help and were denied that help. Because President Obama is the Commander in Chief they are also laying the blame of that upon his shoulders. Also a lot of people think that this is just a huge dog and pony show to destabilize Hillary Clinton's bid for President in 2016, which it most likely is. Regardless, it's pretty hard to impeach a United States President especially one with a significantly higher approval rating than his congressional counterparts.
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After the apocalypse, how would I start a currency for my newly created society of 50 people?
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Something everyone needs, so perhaps bullets, or rations. Examples would be The Last of Us and FTL: Faster Than Light. Both these games, one being post-apocalyptic, the other a space exploration thingy feature trading using ration cards and "scrap" respectively. Both of which have a face value that is of a wordly use, having a purpose that isn't economic.
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Why can you only use a #2 pencil on a scantron sheet?
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It's not really an issue of whether it works, but of who is responsible in the event that it doesn't work. They aren't going to test their machine with every possible type of pencil. Even if they tested it with a variety, *someone* would find *some* pencil that doesn't scan right. So instead, they test it with the most common type of pencil, and if you use something else and your answers aren't scored right, it's your own fault.
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Why are there no sentient plant-based species? Why is base intelligence so abundant and diverse in animals, but non-existent in the plant kingdom?
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> Is there something inherent to “plant cells” that prohibits that possibility? It is more something inherent to plant biology that prohibits the possibility, and is related to the lack of nerves within plants. Brains require *a lot* of energy! The human brain consumes about 20% of the total energy used by the human body, which is immense considering it is only about 2% of the total weight. A plant sitting out in the sun just isn't going to soak up enough energy through photosynthesis to maintain a significant brain. Add on to that problem that the energy extracted isn't enough to run all the other things required to act on such thinking; the plant can't beat a heart to establish a robust circulatory system, or a respiratory system capable of supporting muscle cells which they also generally lack. Without all of those things a nervous system is fairly useless and the result is that even if they somehow had a free brain it would be pointless!
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aliasing and antialiasing in computer graphics.
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Game's graphics sometimes appear to be "pointy" or not curved enough due to the way the objects are built - using a grid of dots/ geometrical shapes and covering them with a skin/texture. antialiasing process adds "new dots" to the object in order to smooth its appearance.Your computer screen is made up of 'small squares of color' . Drawing a straight line using 'squares' is fully possible. Drawing an oblique is not. Imagine your computer screen being the square grid, while the red stair is a drawn oblique: _URL_2_ To easier imagine how this relates to a game, here is an example from diablo 3:_URL_0_ So, aliasing occurs when the computer screen doesn't have enough 'squares' to represent an oblique or curved line which is realistic enough to fool our eyes. We can see the actual squares of a line. This image describes one way of anti-aliasing:_URL_1_ One pixel = one square. So by taking samples of the color within each pixel by the edge of an object the pixels by the edge of an object is given a color which is the average of all of the samples.When a line cuts across pixels that would cause jagged edges as in this picture from another comment,_URL_3_ instead of having a harsh black and white border, the edges of the object are blurred to smooth out the lines. this is done by making the color of each pixel by averaging out the color of the surrounding pixels.So looking closely in the above image you can see how some blocks which were black or white at the border are now grey
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how does a traffic start on a highway?
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Let's say that a road is full of cars going the same speed. Something happens that causes a group of cars to slow down. All of the cars behind them have to slow down, the cars behind that set of cars, and so on. Long after the original cars have sped up and gone, cars far away are still having to slow down due to that one original problem.Also remember there are on-ramps where numerous cars are merging onto the highway directly before the "break" point where fewer cars exist, adding to the delay. Later on-ramps may be either less busy and/or spaced further apart.It's an amazing phenomenon, which other people have already stated, such as one person brakes sharply, so a ripple effect happens, and a person in a car 100 cars away suddenly finds himself slowing down for no apparent reason. Another reason is dude to bottle-necking, where for example the may be a toll booth, and 4 lanes try to squeeze into one or two lanes, meaning you let one person move across, then you go, then another person moves across etc.The best video to explain traffic jams that have no obvious cause._URL_0_
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Why does chicken pox get more dangerous the older you are?
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The chicken pox virus isn't completely understood, but it's thought that it's harder on you as an adult because your body attacks it more violently. In other words, it's worse not because the virus is worse, it's because your more mature immune system reacts more strongly to it and causes other adverse affects.
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How would "true" Communism work?
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As in the ideal? There wouldn't be a concept of ownership. Everything would in some way belong to everybody. In return, everybody would work hard at their jobs, secure in the knowledge that everyone else is doing the same. Basically, everyone would put in equal effort into society and get equally rewarded. This obviously does not in any way work in real life.Basically the same as the system works now, albeit without a government, without classes, and without money. Why do we need a capitalist class and a government to decide what will be produced and how to distribute it? All the work is already being done, *by the workers*. The idea is that we can have order and freedom and prosperity without men with guns telling us how to do it and without arbitrarily forcing people to live in poverty, to "motivate them" to workRobot supported communism, where robots do all the work, and people only do leisure activities. Then the robots kill everyoneLeft out of responses here: revolution. Marx factored in how every snooty capitalist today can chant, "great in theory, terrible in practice." According to the manifesto, as soon as the system started to break down, violent revolution would ensue until the jerkasses stopped hogging the resources/slacking off. Then somebody else would start taking advantage of the system, until another revolution happened in order to restore the system/r/communism101/ Good luck getting them to agree on what "true" communism actually is. /r/communism offers flairs for a dozen different schools of communist thought. It's not quite as bad as guys over in /r/anarchy but it shows that there's a broad spread of opinions.Not quite the answer you're looking for, more of a description of its affect and effectiveness: According to Emile Durkheim, poorly due to enforced division of labor
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If there is no sound in space, how is that car broadcasting Bowie up there? Is it able to be heard if you were near?
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Actually were there are molecules there will be sound. If the Tesla passes through a cloud of gas you could in theory hear it, until it passes out of the cloud. The music will always be playing and if you place your head or for that matter your hand on the car you will feel / hear the music with vibration through the car body. Either way its a nice gesture to David Bowie.
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Why do so many fast food drive thrus have 2 windows, but always have you pull to the second window?
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The reason for this is that if they get very busy, they can have you pay at the first window and receive you food at the second. However if they do not feel they are busy enough to merit the extra worker, they will only have 1 window open. I believe they typically use the 2nd because it is closer to the kitchen and front end of the store. This allows for easier change of order or so the line looks shorterIf both windows have a functional cash register setup, during times where there are a lower amount of employees on the floor, it generally is advantageous to have the cashier at the presenting window so that they can assist up there when there are no active orders to take or pay out. During peak times though, having the second window cashier offers a huge benefit for the store if labor permits, and gives the kitchen a fighting chance when people change their orders.Some use the first window to process payment and the second to deliver food. Of course, it's up to the establishment to decide how they would like to process the transactions, so many may just opt to forgo the first window.
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How misted water and sunlight make a rainbow?
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Here's a pretty simple phenomenon to explain. Sunlight, is composed of many different wavelengths of light sandwiched together. Some of this light isn't even visible to human eyes, however those colors which we can see are part of the visible spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet and all of the colors in between. When light enters a new material at an angle it bends. Think of it like a lawnmower going from the sidewalk to the grass. As the first wheel touches the grass that side of the lawnmower is slowed down causing it to turn. When light enters water it can still move through it, but at a slower speed, so it bends, and this bending is known as refraction. Here's where all of this works together, because red light travels through water at a different speed than violet light, they get bent in different amounts. This creates a rainbow. Edit: [This] image should also show why you can only see a rainbow when the sun is behind you.
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If I set my portable A/C to 20°C when the room temperature is 10°C why/why won't the A/C heat the room?
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If you want to use the AC to heat a room, you need to reverse the outputs: The radiator that gets rid of the heat needs to vent inside, and the radiator that produces cool air needs to vent outside. However, even if you do this, the temperature controller might not consider that application, so you would have to set the target temperature lower than room temperature and regulate it yourself by turning it on and offThere are air conditioners that can run backwards like this. They are called "heat pumps." But ones that run both ways cost extra to make, so they are less commonWell you also have to engage the heat setting, if it has one. Otherwise it will just keep cycling air through without cooling or heating it.
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how do people die in their sleep in a fire? Wouldn't uncontrolable coughing wake you up first?
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The carbon monoxide gas can knock a person unconscious -- so they may be "put to sleep" before they ever wake upMost people who die in fires die from the lack of oxygen and the carbon monoxide. The process is gradual and you go from sleeping to loss of consciousness to death without noticing. You may get some coughing from the smoke but there is rarely enough smoke to wake you up. You cough in your sleep all the time so you need a serious wave of coughing to wake up.We had a CO scare once. The room was at 440ppm while we slept. The detector went off, and because I was so out of it, I tried to hit the snooze button and go back to bed Not sure why I didn't but that's why we didn't die! TL;DR Carbon Monoxide makes you super sleepy
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How does a law on paper become enforced?
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People are employed to make sure others are complying with relevant laws. These people are known as law enforcement.
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if a murder were to occur on the ISS, what would be done about it?
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[Wikipedia article on space jurisdiction]. [PDF on law in ISS]. [More info]There is probably no set routine for dealing with space murders, as it is such an unlikely and unheard of event. Most likely, it would be a special case, and the country of origin of the murderer would prosecute them due to pressure from the country of the victim. Alternate case: it would be dealt with by [Interpol]. [Wiki link]While there may be no laws in space, there are also no laws concerning punishment either. *Anything* could be done about itThe International Space Police Agency would deal with it.
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What caused the "Dust Bowl" of the 1930s? What stopped it? Could it happen again?
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Cause: Excessive farming. The area that the Dust Bowl took place in had spent centuries/millenia/etc. with grass holding down its dirt against winds in the area. Settlers went west and plowed everything up, and the wind started picking up the dirt. Stop: Mostly people realizing that over-farming was bad, as well as the government stepping in. DC really got involved when some of the dust storms reached far enough to effect the major eastern population areas. Could it happen again? Theoretically yes, but we're smart enough to not let it happen.
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Why do escalators break so easily and why does it take so long to repair them?
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Escalators have a hard life. A lot of the time, they are very old, I know some in my city are apparently upwards of 50 years old. They are always in use, always being walked on with wet, muddy shoes and get full of dust and debris. With something so big, they have to decide whether it is worth replacing or repairing. Another thing, you only notice when escalators are broken, yet you might walk on multiple working ones every day. I think the main thing is that because of how many escalators there are in every city in the world, you notice the inconvenience when they are broken but don't notice the convenience of them when they work.> An escalator can never break: it can only become stairs. You should never see an Escalator Temporarily Out Of Order sign, just Escalator Temporarily Stairs. Sorry for the convenience. Mitch Hedberg.
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Why are kids so fucking picky?
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Firstly, kids have a stronger sense of smell and taste. Many of the things we eat can taste and smell much stronger to kids. Secondly, kids have a phase when they realize they can refuse things. They realize they can say "no", that they are not mindless subordinate to adults. They learn that they can express they do not want something, and they start saying no to all sorts of stuff, learning their limits when it is appropriate to say no and when it is not.
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(biochemistry) why does Km decrease for uncompetitive inhibitors?
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Uncompetitive Inhibition occurs when an inhibitor can only bind the enzyme-substrate complex. That is, free enzyme is not a target of inhibition, but once a substrate enters so too can the inhibitor. Obviously, because enzymes which are bound to substrates can become blocked, the Vmax must be reduced. Km, however does not have as obvious a change. Because the enzyme-substrate normally exists in equilibrium with the enzyme and substrate, when you remove it from the equilibrium the equilibrium actually shifts to replace the missing complex. As a consequence, more substrate binds to more free enzyme until a new equilibrium is established. When one observes this however, it appears as though the substrate has an increased affinity for enzyme . The real reason for this effect however is simply because substrate has now been taken up to form substrate-enzyme AND substrate-enzyme-inhibitor complexes, effectively consuming more substrate that the original, inhibitor-free equilibrium. _URL_0_
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Why can I use headphones as a microphone and not a microphone as a speaker(s)?
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You can if the mic is a dynamic mic. Most mics are electret condenser mics. If you do try to use a dynamic mic as a speaker, you will get very little sound and will burn out the coil if you try to get more sound. Microphones are made with thin wires and small diaphragms.
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Why do people twitch, or jump, while they are falling asleep?
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Ah I hate these! It's a called a hypnagogic jerk and they occur during the transition between being awake and asleep. There are a couple of theories for them, such as accidental neuron misfiring, but I like the evolutionary approach to the phenomena. The theory goes that the jerk originates from our origins - when we may have been resting up in trees and hiding from predators. Accidentally falling asleep in these conditions would definitely benefit from this sudden hypnagogic jerk so we could quickly grab a branch to stop us falling out.
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When reading nutritional information labels what is the remaining weight made of?
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Water it is. There is pretty much nothing else that could possibly be it. A very small percentage would be some technological additives like preservatives, colourants and stuff, but they usually are used in insignificant amounts . Oh and possibly air if you think about some puffy bread, but that too is absolutely insignificant considering its density. Even dehydrated products can not be completely dry, but youd notice the "missing mass" should be much lower than say ham or canned vegetables.
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How does wind 'suck' a door shut?
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Venturi effect. Air flowing through a restriction--even if only restricted on one side, such as when it flows past your open garage door--creates a low-pressure area as it must flow faster to get past the restriction. Higher pressure air inside the house then blows the door at the top of the stairs shut. The Venturi effect is also used in airbrushes, perfume sprays and carburetors, to draw liquid from a reservoir and into the air stream, breaking the liquid into a fine mist.Because when one door closes another one opens However seriously, it's because you are displacing the air when you open the garage door which causes a change in air pressure.
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Can someone explain why is it when you crouch down, take deep breaths and quickly stand up, you get dizzy?
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Hyperventilating [reduces the level of carbon dioxide in the blood]. Rising carbon dioxide levels signal to the brain that you need to breathe - hyperventilating before hand allows oxygen levels to fall further before this happens. This is explained on [this wikipedia page]. Standing up rapidly reduces the amount of blood reaching the brain, as the heart takes time to adjust to the extra load.
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What causes someone's voice to sound so much different than the norm (i.e. Gilbert Gottfried, Ray Romano) ? Is there a distinct physical difference in those people's larynges?
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No idea. I was curious too. but I do know Gilbert Gottfrieds voice is fake. he's over the top on purpose. _URL_0_
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The process for writing a song
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This has more to do with lyrics or stories or just writing in general but I think Neil Gaiman sums it up very well in my opinion. "You write. That’s the hard bit that nobody sees. You write on the good days and you write on the lousy days. Like a shark, you have to keep moving forward or you die. Writing may or may not be your salvation; it might or might not be your destiny. But that does not matter. What matters right now are the words, one after another. Find the next word. Write it down. Repeat. Repeat. Repeat"there's a lot to consider in music. think of it like this, if music is a language, then music theory is grammar. music theory encompasses things like time signature, octaves, chords, harmonizing, etc. there's quite a bit of math involved too. things like 5th and 7th chords and beat syncopation. overall, most modern pop and rock songs follow a similar formula. intro, verse, chorus, verse, bridge, chorus, outro. not all are like that, but most stem from that same basic structure. the easiest thing to do is to play around with a chord progression, and build from there. this is like the skeleton of the song. from there you can add overlaying melodies that compliment that chord progression. then add different instruments each with their own melodies, and make changes accordingly. at this point, song-writers will start to add lyrics to the song while the song is still "growing." once everything starts coming together, it's just a matter of making small changes until the finished product is produced. obviously, there are tons of ways to write a song, and every musician/song-writer has his or her own method of writingIt depends on style & genre, contemporary or classical? jazz,blues,country,hip hop?..etcWhile these genres differ,they also have common structures like intro,verses,bridge,choruse etc. This thread may help _URL_0_
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Where does the $$ for universal basic income come from? If an entire country is making UBI, where do the tax dollars come from?
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So the issue here is that people are still going to have jobs and work in companies. Many people are still going to work because they enjoy their jobs, because they want to have more money beyond the UBI, because it will keep them busy. The idea is that enough people will still be working that the economy will function enough that the government will give the UBI. There are some who don't believe it would work that way, but that's why this hasn't been implemented universally.It's still coming from tax dollars. The point of the UBI is that all of the "standard" welfare programs are eliminated and replaced with a UBI--something that everyone gets. People are still going to get jobs and pay taxes. Economically, there's supposed to still be an incentive to work, since making, say, $25,000 is still less desirable than making $50,000. You worded it "entire country is making UBI," which sounds like you think everyone is making UBI and nothing over that, and that's not how it's supposed to work. UBI is supposed to cover the basic necessities of life and no more. Personally, I don't think it will work, mostly because the pressure to define "basic necessities of life" as high as possible will always exist, and politicians don't have much incentive to say no. I 've always been partial to a Negative Income Tax, which has many of the same features but seems a little more manageable and realisticThe assumption is not that *everyone* stops working. Some people will decide the UBI is enough, and the government can still tax their purchases. But many will choose to keep working in order to earn far more in addition to their UBIFrom all the other welfare programs. You eliminate unemployment insurance, you eliminate food stamps, you eliminate basically all the different programs and wasteful bureaucracy with it. You get rid of all the government workers that administrate those programs.
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Why is pork belly not being sold more commonly in the US?
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Pork belly is sold in the US, but people rarely buy a slab of meat. They prefer to buy it already processed into cuts, so they buy primarily bacon and to a lesser degree fatback rather than buying full porkbelly.It's becoming one of those trendy foods. More and more restaurants have it on the menu. Arby's has a pork belly sandwich now, for christ's sake. No, I haven't tried it, although I do like pork belly.
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What would happen if very few people voted in the US 2016 Presidential Election ( E.g < 10 million votes) maybe as a protest. Would this open other options after the election?
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State law decides how the states use their electors in the college. The states choose to determine their vote using a popular election, but I'm not aware of any state that requires a minimum turnout. Perhaps they would retroactively implement one in the event of extraordinarily low turnout or a dubious election; an option would be for the legislature to decide directly or let the governor decide. In any case, what matters at the end is the votes the states send to Washington. Congress counts them and officially certifies the result; on occasion it has rejected a state's votes . If no one has a majority of the Electoral College, the House elects the President, and the Senate the Vice President.
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How is the 9th circuit court's decision on concealed carry today reasonable?
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The First Amendment guarantees the right to free speech, but you can get in trouble for inciting hate crimes, yelling "I HAVE A BOMB!!!" on an airplane, etc. There are reasonable restrictions to the right to free speech. "right to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed" does NOT MEAN "there can be absolutely zero rules about guns"> What am I missing? The 9th Circuit is the most overturned court in the country for a reasonThe 9th circuit court didn't rule that people didn't have the right to bear arms, they just ruled that people don't have the right to *conceal* the arm they bear. From an article about the 9th circuit court's decision: > In 1897, well after the adoption of the Second Amendment, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that "the right of the people to bear arms is not infringed by laws prohibiting the carrying of concealed weapons."The start of the amendment talks about the need for a "well-regulated militia" - those who approve of gun control note the \'well regulated portion\' while those who are against gun control focus on the 'shall not be infringed.\' In the time shortly after the constitution was passed, all manner of gun laws existed and were not found unconstitutional. Under existing Supreme court precedent, laws regulating guns are ok, but laws outright forbidding ownership have been recently struck downThe Second Amendment gives the right to bear arms as part of a well regulated militia. That specifically gives the government the ability to regulate gun ownership and use. It cannot be taken away, but it can be limited, documented, and watched.
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what a vector in terms of art is?
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I think you mean vector graphics. Right? It's just a way to save image files. Basically when you save an image using a vector graphics you save the mathematical equations that produced that image. The advantages are: high resolution , you can modify the image without loosing quality, you can compress the image without loosing details. On the other hand, the weak points are: you have to study a lot to create a nice vector image and complex images require a powerful computer.
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Why is it that you wake up sick but don’t get sick while awake?
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I’ve developed a cold throughout the day twice. I know when it happens now because I become really really thirsty and just feel tired on the afternoon. The sniffles start soon afterIt's actually the opposite. When you get sick, the stuff you are feeling isn't actually the result of the virus. What you are feeling is your body's reaction to the virus. For example, there are no viruses which cause a fever. The fever is your body, having detected the virus, going a little overboard trying to kill it off by raising its temperature. Your body does most of its maintenance while it's sleeping. That's when your cells undergo the majority of their upkeep. Your body is most likely to detect the virus during this upkeep phase. This is why you usually "get sick" overnight. In addition, your immune system is most efficient when you are sleeping because your brain and muscles are hogging less of the available energy. The immune system's response to a virus is much stronger than when you are awake. This is why you usually start to feel a little better after you 've gotten up and moving for a few hours. Your body is diverting energy away from the immune system and towards stuff like thinking and movementIt just seems more instant overnight because you wake up quite a bit different than when you went to sleep.
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When the concentration camps in Nazi Germany were liberated, why were people from local towns forced to bury the dead?
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It was because the soldiers liberating the camps were angry. Angry in a way that they had never been angry before, gut-wrenchingly furious. Wanting to lash out in some way. They did it because they believed that if the German civilians knew about or not it then this would bring it home to them. Might be right, might not. But that;s how they felt. Relative was a soldier who liberated a campThe citizen should see the victims, which have been murdered.
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How do earplugs that block mostly loud sounds selectively (gunshots) work?
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If you're asking about the style I think you are, they have a microphone and speaker assembly mounted in an otherwise high-reduction set of earmuffs. The mic and speaker are set up to run normally until a certain decibel threshold is reached, at which point the microphone cuts off and you are effectively on mute until a second or so of less than-activation volume has passed.
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Why do some people have nightmares/bad dreams after eating spicy foods?
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Spicy foods can cause indigestion while you're sleeping. Stomach pain is commonly associated with fear or anxiety, sending your brain the signal that something is wrong. Because you are asleep your brain takes that anxious feeling and attaches a reason to it creating the narrative in your nightmares.
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Why does peppermint unblock sinuses?
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Menthol and related molecules activate thermoreceptors responding to cold. One of the physiological response to cold is vasoconstriction . When your nose is blocked, it is mostly due to those vessels that are dilated, therefore, menthol can reduce that blocking since it will contract them.
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Why does it feel good to stretch out on the floor or in bed in the morning?
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Your muscles are held in their shape and place by a filmy covering called "fascia". As you sleep or remain motionless the fascia can grow and restrict muscle movement. A good stretch in the morning moves your muscles and the movement brushes away the fascia growth in the night. And you will feel free and looser. Its also good for you. Keeps you mobile and limber. At least this is my understanding. Hope its been useful or at least interesting!
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Why dogs act like they're swimming when they're being held above a body of water.
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Most animals have instincts that aren't 'perfect', including humans. These imperfect instincts can react at the wrong time if the animal is in a situation that, evolutionary, it would have needed to react in. So a dog knows it's above water and it starts swimming, because evolutionary when a dog was above water it was just about to fall in And swimming automatically was the best way to survive. This does not occur in humans because we have no natural swimming instinct and have to be trained to even keep our heads above water and not breath. See all the little kids who drown in bathtubs. The closest human analog I can think of off the top of my head is waterboarding torture. You aren't being drowned, you have a plastic wrap over your mouth to prevent you from drowning while they pour water over your face. But your instincts say that when you can't breath and your head is in water you are drowning, so you feel like you are drowning regardless, and the torture works.
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If everyone uses a form of AD Block Plus how will, Twitcher/Youtuber/Web sites make money?
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If they can't show you Ads, they can't make money but less than 10% of those sites' population uses an Ad-blocking pugin/extension, so they don't worry yet. While that percentage keeps shy, big sites won't take action but if everyone uses Adblock or things like that, the sites will start banning people who uses them.
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What is the difference between 32 bit and 64 bit windows?
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Differences in programming. Why? Because there are different kinds of CPUs, 32 bit and 64 bit. The primary difference between 32 bit and 64 bit CPUs is the way they index RAM. RAM is used for temporary storage for the CPU when programs run so that the CPU can have quick access to them as opposed to waiting on a drastically slow hard drive to give it the data it needs. To do this, it needs to index what RAM is where, so the CPU itself has storage that indexes the RAM, kind of how a library indexes its books by the Dewey Decimal System, the CPU memorizes where is what needed RAM. The limitation of 32 bit systems is that it can only index a maximum of 4 gigabytes of RAM, while 64 bit CPUs can index 17 billion GB. So basically it can't really use that extra RAM if you have more than 4 GB. The thing is 32 bit and 64 bit CPUs are so different that they run programs in different ways and need different programs to run, but 64 bit CPUs are reverse compatible with 32 bit programs. This includes OS's. If you have a 64 bit CPU, use 64 bit Windows. if 32 bit, 32 bit Windows. Most CPUs these days are 64 bit though.
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Why are so many scotches named "Glen-"?
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Glen means "valley" in gaelic. Scotland is reasonably hilly, and thus there are a lot of glens . Many glens were given names: Glencoe, Rutherglen, etc. And just like in every country, a lot of things/products/regions in Scotland are named for their location . Finally, and most importantly, "glen" has a pleasant sound that is particularly Scottish. Ergo, lots of Scottish Whiskeys contain "glen" in their name. Edit: As so many have correctly pointed out, Scotch Whisky is spelled without an "e." But as a whiskey-drinking American , and as a citizen of the country [that best keeps your whisky industry a 'distillin], I'll spell it however I damn please!Scotch whiskeys are often named for where they were made. "Glen" is Scots for \'valley\' and there are many in ScotlandGlen refers to a narrow valley. Most of the distilleries which produce the scotch that start with Glen has its origins in those area with a narrow valley.
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ELI-Five me Google's new privacy policy taking effect on March 1st, 2012, and what parts of it I should make note of, and/or be concerned about?
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First of all, this has been asked [several times in this subreddit] already. Second, because I'm such a nice guy, here's an easy-to-understand explanation from the Electronic Frontier Foundation: _URL_1_
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The short and long term effects of the airplanes dumping fuel have on the atmosphere, the soil, and on water.
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What happens is that it drops down below. There are regulations; fuel dumping is only done in emergency situations, where landing with all that fuel could be dangerous. It's not a huge problem, since it doesn't happen often. Not only are the airlines not permitted to do it, they aren't inclined to do it unless they have to, because that's just throwing away money. You dump fuel because you don't want your plane to blow up or catch fire.
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How is Reddit still "unprofitable" if the average daily reddit gold goal is 100%?
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I thought the whole point of reddit gold was to pay for the servers, not to profit. I thought the daily goal was equal to the daily cost of running reddit servers. Am I wrong?', "To many companies, technology companies in particular, users are much more valuable than profit, since the profit on *today's* user base is much lower than the potential profit on the user base in the future. So Reddit's revenue/profit strategy is more than likely designed with that in mind. If they aren't profitable with today's revenue, they are likely focusing on positioning themselves to be even more profitable in the future. This may mean that Reddit's gold goal isn't explicitly linked to a profit level at all. It's very likely that they are testing out different target levels to better understand the behavior and psychology of their users, as relates to purchasing gold. Do users buy more gold when the level is at 10% or at 90%? This allows Reddit to set the absolute value of the gold target in order to maximize purchasing patterns--while also generating revenue. This also holds true for advertising--it's more valuable now to understand how much they can advertise without negatively affecting user behavior, so that they have perfected these strategies down the road when they have a larger userbase. I would assume that, given the size of Reddit's userbase, they're still in A/B testing mode on revenue strategy, rather than working to create a sustainable, profitable business model right now. After all, if they need money to grow, it's much easier to go out and raise tens of millions of dollars from VCs than it is to try to squeeze money from users who might spend less time on Reddit due to ads or requests for money.They most likely could be profitable, but spend to grow, therefore technically running a loss. They are looking to grow and therefore are will to take a hit in the short term.
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Why is it hard to remember dreams?
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It is difficult to remember dreams, because dreams take place in the brains pre-frontal cortex whereas memories and movements are stored in the cerebral cortex. Lucid dreams occur when our dreams drift into our cerebral cortex. This is the kind of thing that you learn in Neurology 101! Fox, Mason T. "Christopher A. Walsh, MD, PhD Research Abstract | _URL_0_." _URL_0_. Penguin Publishing, 17 Jan. 1997. Web. 08 Apr. 2015My understanding of it is that your memory recording is not on. So you know you experienced something but the details slip away very quickly. Think of it like getting extremely drunk and waking up the next morning, your friend shows you a video of you dancing drunkenly but you remember none of it. Yes it is you, and you were dancing and moving around, but why don't you remember that? Because your brain was never "recording" in the first place . Except in this case its with sleep.A nice simple explanation I remember is basically because our memories are usually associated with physical or mental sensations, but because most dreams are a daze and you can't feel any physical sensations in dreams our brains have no feelings to associate them with, so they slip away easily.
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Why perfectionism is a negative trait? What's difference between perfectionism and doing someone's best?
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[This xkcd comic puts it pretty well.] Or, there's the saying "Don't hold a $1000 meeting to solve a $100 problem." In many situations, there's no approach that is objectively the "best" solution. Let's say I have a job interview, and I want to look my best. I put on a blazer, slacks, nice shirt and a tie. Red tie or blue tie? I try both on and look in a mirror. I ask a friend for advice. I won't leave until I'm sure. It's one thing if I want to put on the best outfit and impress a hiring committee; it's something else if I spend so long composing that outfit that I'm late for the interview and shoot myself in the foot. Searching for perfection is good. Allowing that search to hold you back in other ways may not be. That's what perfectionism refers to. It can be a good trait up to a pointIn some sense perfectionism could be said to be the pursuit of perfection *above all else* - this is where it differs from simply applying ones self and putting in effort. A perfectionist may continue to seek perfection to the point where it is unnecessary or even detrimental I think it's that perfectionism can become a compulsion that causes one to get caught up in details at the expense of the larger picture or goal. In, say, an artistic work, perfection can never really be reached in practice, as it's fairly subjective. You have to set a cut-off at some point where you say "this is finished". Otherwise you'll never 'ship\' or \'publish\' anythingThere is a saying that goes a bit like "Perfect is the enemy of good." We see it all the time in so many areas. This health care law isn't perfect so it's terrible and should never exist. Etc.Perfectionists throw out a lot of beautiful babies with their not even noticeably dirty bathwater.
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Why can't you remember the exact moment you fall asleep?
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We don't yet fully understand how memory works, or how sleep works, so any answer to this question is going to be making assumptions. But we do know a few things: 1. When you are sleeping, your brain does not form memories in teh same way as it does when you are awake. 2. Memories are not immediate - there is a delay as your brain processes what is happening. From this, we could assume that the moment you fall asleep is not remembered because it happens, and then there is a delay before the memory would be created, and then your sleeping brain does not create the memory. This is definitely a simplification.
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What is going on with the California drought?
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California hasn't been getting enough rain. The first year, everyone was thinking this was a short term problem and would resolve itself. The third year water reserves are growing low and there's serious concern that if things don't change, California won't have enough water to not only continue with industrial agriculture but also keep their citizens alive. The main issue here is that there are a lot of farms in California using TONS of water. Regular use by citizens is a drop in the bucket compared to how much gets used for growing crops.
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How does a magnetic core, like Earth's, form? I have a very rudimentary understanding of how planets form. But, how did the Earths core end up like it is now?
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Earth's magnetic field comes from the molten outer core. When our sun was young, leftover gas and dust from it's formation orbited around it in a disc. clumps of this gas and dust started to swirl together to form the planets. The denser elements like iron and nickel fall to the center where under immense pressure and heat, the inner solid core and outer molten core formed, which is what gives us our magnetic field. Any rocky planet with a similar metal component to Earth should have a similar internal structure. Mars once had a liquid outer core but because it's much smaller than Earth, it cooled faster and solidified, meaning Mars no longer has a magnetic field.
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Why dont we build cars using water electrolysis?
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It takes more power to electrolyze water than we can recover from burning it.Any energy that is released when you combine two things, must have been put into the two things in order to separate them in the first place. .
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Security Certificates (root, wildcard, etc)
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Certificates are cryptographically signed electronic documents that are generated and released by "certificate authorities". The certificate authority is an organization that says "Okay, we're going to issue all of these certificates. We trust them to be who they say they are. Therefore if you trust us, you implicitly trust them." The root certificate is the certificate that the authority basically issues to itself that all other certificates generated by the authority are keyed from. Once you trust the root certificate, you trust all certificates generated by the root certificate. Most certificates issued are issued to a limited number of hostnames, like a single certificate will have www._URL_0_ and _URL_0_ on it as acceptable hostname. A wildcard certificate has *._URL_0_, which means it can be used on all sites in the _URL_0_ domain. While this may seem simple to manage, it is open to security issues. You have to put the certificate and key on every server in the domain, so if one server gets hacked and the key/cert get stolen, you have to replace it on every server in the domain. Edit: Formatting and wording.
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Why is wheat now mostly grown in temperate and cold-winter regions when it came from the fertile crescent?
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Two reasons: * In the Fertile Crescent, wild wheat relatives grow over winter, flower in late winter . As it evolved to deal with the cold winter nights of the Fertile Crescent, which made it very adaptable to the cold, more so than many other grains *, it can be grown in cold regions where other grains don't do well. And in warm regions there are other grains, like corn, that do better in the warm than wheat. * As wheat spread out of the Fertile Crescent to colder climates in Europe, it started to be planted later in the year after the coldest part of winter. So it became a spring crop, to be harvested in late summer or early fall. But anyway, wheat isn't "mostly" grown in temperate and cold regions. India and China are the largest wheat producing countries and they're all at a similar latitude to the fertile crescent ). But yes, it is grown in cold climates, especially in Europe and Canada . *Pretty much the only grain more cold tolerant is the close relative of wheat, barley, which [quite possibly was partly domesticated in Tibet]. On the other hand, wheat uses C3 photosynthesis so will never be able to out-compete C4 plants like corn, sorghum or millet for growing in hot, sunny climates.
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What do the sanctions against Kim Jong Un mean? How can you sanction a physical person/country leader?
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The US maintains a big list full of people you can't do business with. You can see it right here : _URL_0_ Part of my job at the company I work for is to go through this list and make sure that none of the people we do business with is on this list. Of course, the government isn't watching you all the time so it's your responsibility to make sure the people you do business with aren't sanctioned. You probably won't get in trouble for selling a terrorist a cookie, but if you ever end up in a situation where both of you wind up in court due to some kind of business dispute and authorities find out they're on the list, you can be in trouble.
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Why are teeth naturally white?
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Because through the various traits of evolution a substance which happens to be white turned out to be the best one for chewing food.So your opponents can quickly identify when you aggressively bare your fangs at them. The brighter the fangs, the "bigger" they appear.Edit: Talking ^out ^^my ^^^ass. ^^^Evolved ^^^that ^^^way.Teeth are made of the mineral Apatite which is calcium phosphate. Both calcium and phosphate are white when pure. In nature, apatite can be almost any colour, but this is caused by another element bonding to the calcium phosphate when being formed. For example when fluoride is formed with apatite, it comes out blue to purple. When chlorine is added, it's mostly white but with a slight yellow tinge. Teeth are just plain apatite. Humans don't include the other elements in teeth to change their colour. The yellowing of teeth is mostly caused by staining from food and drink. Staining is natural and basically unavoidable, but should not deter you from brushing your teeth to remove sugars and plaque. On an unrelated note involving far too much extra info, minerals will regrow in the same orientation as their host. Scientist are developing a way to attach lab grown apatite to a persons decayed tooth. The lab grown portion will attach and grow in the same orientation as the persons natural tooth. Trim off the excess and you got yourself a brand new, all natural and gluten free tooth!
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Why does a GPS tracker require a monthly fee/service to "connect," but a GPS car navigator (e.g. Garmin) does not?
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So GPS is a completely passive technology. A GPS receiver listens to signals broadcast by a group of satellites at known locations, and uses the timing difference between those signals to calculate its own location relative to the satellites. But the end result is that *only the GPS receiver knows its location*. The satellites don't even know that it exists. But if you want to track someone remotely, how do you get the location off of the GPS receiver and onto your computer/phone screen? You have to have it transmit its location somehow. For instance, over the cellular phone network. And *that* is what you're paying for. Without a subscription, the tracker will still know where it is; that costs nothing. But it won't be able to remotely *tell* you where it is.GPS is free to all, the signal from the satellites are transmit only, so there is nothing anyone can do to prevent you from listening and computing your location. You can buy a GPS receiver for like $10 So, the question is, what GPS trackers are you referring to? they may have a wireless connection to communicate out to the interwebs , or maybe they are charging for updated maps.
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When you throw a ball in a parabola, does it actually trace a parabola?
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A parabola is what you get in the idealised case where the force of gravity is a constant. This is a good aproximation for movement near Earth's surface, 13,000km from the planet's centre. In your case, though, gravity is nowhere near a constant, so the parabola becomes an ellipse.
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What if we had different math. Would we understand the world?
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Nothing about the fact we use base 10 affects how scientists, economists, or other experts understand the universe. They just need *some* way to write down numbers. In most of their work, the actual numbers don't even show up until the end -- the important work is in describing how one factor relates to another, and this is done with variables and equations, not specific numbers.
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What causes us to be mesmerized by fractals and certain repeating images, such as in a .gif?
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Our brains are logic machines, similar to computers. Our brain takes in large amounts of data every second and has to make sense of it all. To do this, the brain looks for patterns that can quickly process the data into something recognizable. It why we prefer symmetry in everything . So, anytime we see repeatable, predictable patterns, our brain is happy as it does not have to work as hard to process that visual data.
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How does purchasing goods from across the world work?
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You have to trust the indian that he will send the goods, just like you trust _URL_0_ will send the goods after you give them your CC info. If the indian wants to sell to international buyers, he will have a bank account setup to accept foreign money .
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The difference between classful and classless routing protocols.
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**TL;DR: Classful routing protocols do not take the subnet mask into consideration when routing packets. Classless routing protocols do and allow subnetting.** This is a pretty good question. I will try and explain it to the best of my ability. Let's look at 2 routing protocols. RIP and RIPv2. RIP is a classful routing protocol. It is only able to route based on the class of address, meaning that if you have a class A network block , anything that starts with a 10.x.x.x will be routed as though it is on the same network. RIP is unable to read the subnet mask and therefore will assume that the subnet mask matches the class of address. . Even if you had subnetted this address space with a different subnet mask RIP would be unable to see this mask, and therefore would route everything into the same network. This can obviously cause a lot of waste, even in a class C network. You may only want 2 addresses, but are forced to use the entire block of 256 for your network. RIPv2, however, IS able to see the subnet mask. That means when the router receives a packet it looks at both the address and the subnet mask to determine where to send it. In the scenario above we used the address 10.0.0.0 with the subnet mask of 255.0.0.0. If we were to subnet this space into two networks we would have Network 1 with the address of 10.0.0.0 - 10.127.255.254 with a subnet mask of 255.128.0.0 and Network 2 of 10.128.0.0 - 10.255.255.254 with the subnet mask of 255.128.0.0. By borrowing the extra bit from the next octet of the subnet mask, RIPv2 is able to see that there are 2 networks here. It then consults its routing table to see where to send the packet based on which network the address range falls in to. This allows you to have multiple networks for only one address space. Edit: some clarifications.
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Why, after an emotionally taxing event such as a tough breakup or loss in the family, do people not experience hunger for a while?
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When at rest and not in danger, the body is in what is called the parasympathetic system. Also known as the "rest and digest" phase, this is the time where the body will build new cells and absorb as much energy as possible from food. When in danger, the body goes into fight or flight, or the the sympathetic system. The body decides that the skeletal muscles should get the most energy, and digestion and immune systems are put on the back burner because what use are they when you are dead? That is why people will urinate and deficate themselves when extremely scared. You can feel this happening when you get butterflies in your stomach. That's the blood leaving your stomach and into you skeletal muscles to prepare them for work. In today's society humans are not hunted left and right, and we have time to focus on emotions and the such. We can get so worked up over emotion, that we may actually trigger the sympathetic system. This is why stressed out people seem to get sick more, their immune system is diminished by the sympathetic system. This is very, very over simplified; I am a high school student and this is what my teacher told me when I asked this question several months ago.Loss of appetite is a common response to stressful situations. I guess it makes sense - if your body senses something dangerous or wrong in the environment, it's probably safer to avoid eating while dealing with the danger. It's not a terribly appropriate response to emotional turmoil, but it's just how we're wired. The response makes a lot more sense in the context of physical threats & injuries than psychic ones. Other people will turn to food for comfort & consume large amounts of not-very-healthy stuff .
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The relationship between thunder and lightning
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Lightning is very hot, and quickly heats up the air right next to it around 35,000°F . Heating up the air this quickly causes it to expand really fast, creating a sonic boom. It's the same process that happens when a firecracker going off, but on a much larger scale.In addition to what gullinbursti and dreamzchaser said you might find [this] intersting to watch where they use an "electrical plasma/singing arc" to produce sound. Another [better version] It's not fake, there's *many* examples of that experiment on youtube Thunder is the sound that lightning makes. Any sound we hear is made up of vibrations, the vibrations travel through the air as waves until they reach our ears. Lightning is a huge discharge of electricity. When a lightning strikes, a huge amount of electricity shoots through the air, causing two things to happen: * The electricity gets the air molecules vibrating, causing a sound. * Also, the lightning is very hot and heats up the air around it. This hot air expands rapidly and pushes against the other air molecules setting off more vibrations, thus more sound. These vibrations are what we hear as thunder. The rumbling of the thunder is caused by the sound bouncing off the ground and the clouds.
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How would you explain the Trinity? How can God and Jesus be different and the same.
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Not a Christian anymore, but I went to a private christian school throughout all of highschool, so I hope those mandatory Jesus classes taught me something. Jesus is the Son of God because he was given birth to on Earth. He lived his life as a human and even died. This humanity factor makes him separate from God, a unique aspect. He is god because he has a divine nature - I mean he was born of a virgin and did lots of miracle things. Think of it this way. You have the week right? Monday - sunday. If monday - friday is "god" - the god at the top of the trinity god, the GOD god, and saturday is Jesus, and sunday is the holy spirit, they are all separate beings because they can be defined in separate terms or all under one term. I hope this makes senseThere's no simple way to explain it. However, what it means to *most* Christians is simply different aspects of God: Jesus Christ is the redeemer, come to save humanity. The Father is also kind of the redeemer, he didn't sacrifice himself but he sacrificed "his only son"; but more than redeemer he's the eternal creator of everything . And the Holy Spirit is well actually I never kinda got the Spirit.It's a way to shoehorn in monotheism since they spent so long associating polytheism with paganism. It makes so sense just like almost every other part of every religion.
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How are people/groups of people legally allowed to place "bounties" on others?
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They're not "bounties" like in the Boba Fett sense. They're rewards to turn over information which would lead to arrest/prosecution. Boba Fett bounties are illegal.
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Why is Obama visiting Burma a big deal?
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Burma was a military dictatorship for decades. Not as isolated as North Korea, but still one of the most isolated and authoritarian countries on earth. Myanmar has recently taken steps towards becoming more democratic, and releasing government control over the economy. An American President visiting Myanmar shows the progress that has been made.
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How can rain fall at different speeds?
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Larger raindrops have higher terminal velocity than smaller raindrops due to mass increasing disproportionately with respect to the cross-section presented to the atmosphere in the "down" direction.
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Why does hot water rise and cold water sinks but ice floats?
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Ice is less dense than water, due to a quirk of its molecular structure. When water freezes its molecules form ring structures, increasing the volume without increasing the total mass. This reduces density, and since objects less dense then the liquid they're in float, ice floats.Cold water is denser than warm which is why cold water sinks. But water, unlike everything else, gets less dense when it becomes solid , so ice floats.
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How does esp and other sport networks come up with these obscure stats?
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They have computer programs that do it. All the stats are recorded and maintained by either the league or the media themselves , so the data is all there. It's just a question of writing a computer program that pieces together stats out of that data, which isn't that hard to do: computers don't mind just combing through spreadsheets for hours. The programs themselves aren't simple, but the basic idea is that you have the program constantly look for patterns of data and learn to flag it as "maybe this is interesting ." So, since it's been keeping track, it knows that it hasn't seen the pattern of "lefty with 4 doubles, a single, and one error" since 1882, so that's rare enough to potentially be interesting. edit: I should add that it's a person who actually chooses what goes on screen. The computer just gives them a bunch of optionsThe store all the raw data, down to every at bat, every pitch, every fly ball and force out, in a database. Then they have a query language, where they can say things like "select Player where Game.Hits > = 5 and Game.Doubles > = 4 and Game.Fielder.LF.Errors > = 1 and Game.Data > = 1882" and get a list of of everything that matches that criteriaThere are companies that specialize in doing nothing but generating sports statistics. The most popular one is called [Stats Inc.]
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