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when cannabis was still illegal in the US, how did high profile smokers e.g. Snoop Dogg, Seth Rogen etc. Not get charged for possesion?
Uh I thought cannabis was still illegal in the U.S.Maybe not all parts of it, but you know ', "Just not worth it. People like that have money and if you bust them for something like weed, they'll lawyer up and get out of almost all the trouble. They'll become martyrs for the legalization cause and bring bad PR on law enforcement from their fans, with cries about going after violent criminals instead and how they are wasting taxpayer resources. Possession of marijuana just isn't enough of a big deal to waste resources on even way more-so with a celebrity who can get out of it due to money and status.They would have to get caught in the act by a police officer. Then they would have to be brought to court etc and for most places that effort wasnt worth it. Its expensive to charge someone with a crime and then deal with all the legal battle that a rich person can afford to have. Cops dont really never cared about the users, just the dealers. The users really only got charged if the cop just stumbled upon someone with weed. They never really went after thembecause even if they go on TV and say "this is a marijuana cigarette that I'm smoking", you still don't have enough evidence to convict them. they could easily say "that's part of my public persona, it was all just am act". some celebrities have been caught while traveling though.Snoop has been charged with possession. Roger hasn't ever been caught with it. That's the thing -- you can't just think they have pot, you have to prove it.
How do you tell the difference between a real and fake diamond with the naked eye?
Find some glass you don't care about and drag the diamond across its surface, a real diamond will score the glass whereas a fake diamond will just glide along.Once read that you can test it by drawing a dot with a pen on a piece of paper, and then place the flat side of the "diamond" on the dot. If the dot is still visible whilst looking from above, it is not a diamond. However, if the dot disappears, it's very likely that it's an actual diamond. My guess is it has to do with how well it reflects light, which is what a diamond is best atIt depends on what you mean by a "fake diamond." If you mean artificial diamonds, there's no way to tell, except that they are "too perfect."', "A real diamond's reflections usually manifest in various shades of gray. If you see rainbow reflections, you're either dealing with a low-quality diamond or a fake.
What is an example of a second world country?
The meaning of "first" and "third world country" has changed from the cold war meaning to "rich" and "poor country". "Second world country" is not really used in the new context, instead in between countries are called things like emerging market and threshold country.
Why are the censorship guidelines for song lyrics and music video content so different from censorship for something like film?
I think it's because of the replays. You go in to watch a movie and see it once. On your way to work/school/whatever, you could hear these songs 4 or 5 times, everyday. The repetition..Edit: words
How do people develop a phobia?
I just came here to point out that trypophobia isn't a real phobia. It's a survival thing. It stems from your body not wanting to enter a small space because if anything at all shifts you will be stuck in that space and die. I really hate how popular that phrase has become because it's as normal as a fear of the dark or sharp teeth.As Xtinguish pointed out, trypophobia is not a fear, but more of a disgust for clusters of small holes . I can specifically pin down the interaction that has made me feel this way for ~18 years. I was staying at a lakeside cabin with my family at about the age of 10. There was a deer there that was super friendly and would approach people. Being, a 10 year old boy, I pet the shit out of it. The deer had a growth/fungus on part of its ear that looked like popped blisters. I never touched it and thoroughly washed my hands after. Then when we were going to dinner, my older cousin whispered in my ear that I was going to get that growth/fungus all over. That night, I had easily the worst nightmare of my life. In the dream, I woke up to a prickly feeling and the growth/fungus emerging from my fingertips and slowly covering my whole body. The next day when the deer came back, I could not stand anywhere near it. Since then, I am repulsed by the site of anything listed as trypophobia. TL;DR - My cousin said that I was going to get a fungus from a deer, and after the worst nightmare ever, the site of clustered holes repulses me.There's a trigger event. Many people can't remember the trigger, as it often happens early in life. My phobia of clowns started when one tried to abduct me when I was two. Didn't know about it until I was 16 and my mother told me the story of how it happened.
How does hair grow AFTER shaving?
Shaving only removes the hair that's exposed. It does not remove the hair root. Your leg hair will grow back after shaving When it does grow back, the tip of the hair will be flat. That's what causes the prickling. Plucked hairs grow back more naturally feel
Why Wikipedia is a good resource, or bad resource, for information.
Wikipedia is absolutely enormous, and has a huge amount of information on just about any subject, from Franco-Prussian relations regarding mules to a list of all sasquatch sightings. If even 1/100 facts are wrong, then every article will get a detail wrong, even with no malicious users. It gets problematic with any controversial subject. Is Barack Obama the best president known to man, or scientifically certified muslim atheist fascist commie who will drive America to ruin? Was George W. Bush the best president ever, or right-wing moron puppet nutjob who bankrupted companies because he has the IQ of a retarded squirrel? No one source can give you a balanced opinion. There are two great ways to use any information source: use it for generalities , or use it as a source for more information by reading the cited articles. Never bet your life's savings on the accuracy of Wikipedia, or any other website, or really the newspapers or TV, probably not on the Encyclopedia Britannica, maybe on school textbooks, but definitely not on Reddit, this response included. TL;DR: This answer is probably wrong.
If I bought a brand new muffler for a car, put it to my mouth and screamed, would it make any noise? Why/why not?
Mufflers are tuned in such a way to cancel out a specific type of noise. A 9 year old screaming would probably not be "muffled" to the extent that an engine is. [Read more here].
why does some poop sink and others floats?
Just for a quick answer a poop that floats is caused by having a larger amount of fat in it.My son asked me the same question the other day and asked me why his poop was black. To answer your question though, the biggest thing is the amount of gas or air that's in your stool. The [Poop Report] explains it in more detail =)
If someone were farsighted in one eye and nearsighted in the other, wouldn't they just balance out?
You aren't viewing the farsighted lens' vision through the nearsighted lens, to correct the farsightedness, or vice versa. You've got a farsighted image, and a near-sighted image. Two out of focus images.
Why do all in-flight map screens seem to utilise the same laggy style and design in this day and age of Google Earth?
The computers on planes are years old because of the extensive and time-consuming safety testing they have to undergo, plus the delay in getting them installed .
how are we able to manufacture computer processors with such high precision? Wouldn't just a few defective transistors out of the billions on the chip cause it to malfunction?
Actually, a lot of the transistors produced ARE defective. Sometimes yields are quite low usually below 50%! The "secret" to producing chips that don't malfunction is that each chip is individually tested and verified to be working properly. Kinda like condoms :)
How can old game emulators create save states perfectly at any moment?
An emulator is a lot like a virtual machine, in that you can do many more things with them than you can with the operating system itself. A save state is a snapshot of the contents of the RAM within the emulated system, which can be loaded back into RAM by the emulatorBecause the old game machine is re-created in software, they can freeze the entire machine. So "saving the state" means saving the entire state of the whole machine. It's as if God paused the whole universe and then hit Play again later.
The difference between feminism and equality?
Feminism is a movement or school of thought concerned with equality. Equality is a concept regarding the state of being similarly valuable. Equality in this context means people within society having equal opportunities or equal social status', "By pure definition, not much. Femenism is the fight for women to have equal rights to men. Whether this is in job prospects or voting or education or just being treated as equals, the goal is to be equal. ~~Equalitarianism~~ Egalitarianism is for everybody to be equal. This is a more insclusive term as it can include men's right to be parents, Black people and Native Americans to be treated as equal, and the list goes on and on. Edit: Wording
How auto-dimming rearview mirrors work
Yarr! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: how do auto-dimming rearview mirrors work? ]1. [ELI5: how do autodimming mirrors work? ]
Why are parents more worried about giving their kids more freedom compared to the 70's to 90's when the crime rate was higher?
The actual crime rate was higher, but the perception of crime is higher now. Lots of people talk about how the world got unsafer. That is not based on actual crime statistics but rather on the fact that because we live in such an interconnected world nowadays, we hear *everything*. And we hear it 24/7 due to the constant news cycle. That means people are hearing about things that happen that they would not have heard about 20 or 30 years ago, which makes it seem like these things are happening more often to themDefine freedom? Kids have far more freedom in some ways than previous generations. Cellphones, social media, etc.
What is the difference between turbulent and laminar flow in a fluid?
Laminar as in layers. In laminar flow, the layers of air flowing across a surface or through a conduit move in the same direction at the same speed. In turbulent flow, the air tumbles around in different directions at different speeds. You can see turbulent flow as you pour cream into coffee. Turbulent flow makes cooling your PC less efficient. Most PC enclosures aren't well-shaped to use laminar flow to increase cooling efficiency. If the PC enclosure were essentially tubular with the circuit boards parallel to the axis, this would encourage laminar flow . Turbulent flow also decreases the lift produced by an aircraft's wings. If the "angle of attack" of the wing is essentially parallel with the air flowing over the wing, you get lift. If the angle is too pronounced, air flow over the top of the wing becomes turbulent, robbing the wing of lift. This is called a "stall."
How are large national gangs like the Bloods and the Crips organized? Is there actually a central leader or just a bunch of groups that call themselves "Bloods" and "Crips"?
The [STUFF YOU SHOULD KNOW] podcast does an episode on exactly thisNo, there is no central leadership. Generally there was an original gang called the Bloods, and then it spread out and once it spread out too far, it split into many smaller gangs because it couldn't be effectively run as one large organization. Eventually they got so big that most individual Blood gangs, called "sets" have no relationship to other sets, and sometimes even go to war with each other.
if we live inside the Milky Way, how can we see the whole thing in the sky at night?
We can't see the whole thing, or rather, the thing we call the Milky Way in the night sky isn't the entire Milky Way. As you note, our sun and all of the stars near us are also part of the same galaxy. However, we're way on the outer edge of the galaxy, which means that when you look in the direction of the center of the galaxy there are way more stars than if you look anywhere else. So we call that mass of stars in the night sky the Milky Way, since it's the area of sky that's much more densely populated with stars than the other portions.
How do they get release from people of prank interviews?
Publicity. They understand its a joke show but there is a real underlying theme especially with the Colbert report. He has an agenda. That agenda is to inform people of real world events without bias by mocking the persona of similar news casters and exploiting their biases. Its purely entertainment but he's mocking the people he portrays. So you get important people on there not only for publicity but also to get their own message out there to a target audience.
Why are there so many different forms of pasta? Isn't it all the same stuff? What's the difference?
Pretty much all pasta is made from the same 2 or 3 ingredients; Egg, semolina flour, or durum depending on where it comes from and where you are. Over time those ingredients have broadened but the base for all pasta is fundamentally the same. Now, as to the different forms: Ideally, you want to pair whatever sauce/protein you are using with a type of pasta that is going to best accentuate the dish. Different viscosity of sauce will hold better to certain pasta and give better effect. You wouldn't want to use a Capellini for something with a thick cheesy sauce because it would bind up and get messy. For the opposite side of the equasion you wouldn't want to use a thick noodle like a penne for a lighter sauce because much of the flavor will be lost due to the sheer amount of noodle present. Italian cuisine is about bold flavors, sure, but you also want to have a dish that looks good, eats nicely and strikes a balance between texture and flavor. Truly a culinary item that speaks to the region it came from.
Does the movie studio pay the movie theater to show their movie? Or does the movie theater pay the movie studio to bring in customers by letting them show their movie?
The movie studios and the theaters split the income depending on when people buy tickets to the movie, basically, each side gets a percent of ticket sales For example: Weeks 1 & 2: 90% studio / 10% theater Weeks 3 & 4: 70% studio / 30% theater Weeks 5+: 50% / 50% This can and will vary depending on specifics and the specific movie. As you can see, since most people view movies when they first come out as well, the movie studio is making their money there. But so where do theaters make their money? Popcorn, sodas, and hot dogs, sold at gigantic markupsThe movie theater pays the studio. The theater makes little to no money on the tickets; their profit comes from concessions and advertising.So what happens then if a really poor movie gets pulled from the theatre say after a week? . It was in the cinema for a week then went. Theatre can't make any money at all if it's not showing.
What is HDR and why do people like it so much?
HDR stands for High Dynamic Range imaging. In laymen's terms, it takes several photos at different contrasts sort of at once, and then combines the images together. This way, the picture looks more like what your eyes see.A camera's sensor, no matter how advanced, cannot match what the human eye can see. Depending on how you tell the camera to meter a high contrast scene. Say you see some craggy mountain rocks with a blazing sun. You can either choose to expose for the "overall" scene, expose for the sun's brightness, or expose for the shadows in the rock. If you expose for the sun, you'll get even worse shadowy parts. If you expose for the shadows, you'll have blown out highlights. The Goldilocks method, "matrix metering" ,in Nikon terms, tries to do an average exposure. With today's camera sensor technology, even a relatively good camera like the Nikon D800 or Canon 5DMarkIII cannot replicate what your eyes saw. You can try to recover the blown highlights, or lift the shadows, if you shot the picture in RAW to try and replicate the high contrast scene. Or you can do HDR, which is shooting at different exposures and merging them. You can either use the bracketing function on your camera, or you can "matrix meter" to get the average exposure. If you use the matrix metering method you then switch it up to manual mode and shoot two additional shots at 2x the speed and half the speed at the same aperture and ISO. All while using a tripod, of course. You take your exposures and merge them. Depending on the method you use, you can get a pretty good approximation of what you saw in real life, or you can go nuts and make an impossibly trippy scene.
I'm five, explain how Google works.
I actually am currently reading a book on Google and how it works. The search engine ELI5 link is good, but for Google specifically, they use keywords on websites to see what other websites are linked to it. The more traffic the linking websites get, the more important Google views them. Google also predicts similar words sequentially, so if you typed "trojan" you 'd get condom links, but if you added "horse" you 'd get historical pages. It searches through a literal "web" of linked websites[Already answered here] EDIT: replaced short link with full url.What makes google work well, is that it looks at how frequently other pages link to a page. Say you have a page about rabbits. The more pages in the internet that point to your page about rabbits, the higher it will appear on in the search results. So if I like your page and link to it, google sees that and 'thinks' that your page is slightly better. There is a great explanation of this on Radio Lab's episode on [emergence]. Take a listen!", 'The company sells billions of dollars of ad space and uses the money to fund failures like buzz and wave. Analogy version: Like when your dad won the lottery and invested the winnings in remote-controlled ham products.
Why is desalination not yet a cost effective solution for the world's clean water demands?
There are only a few ways to desalinate water. One way is to boil and condense the water, a process called distillation. The problem with this is that it takes a relatively enormous amount of energy to boil water so it isn't practical. If we had limitless energy available to us then it would definitely be on the table, but we can't just pull huge quantities of heat out of nowhere. The other way is to force the salty water through special filters which are fine enough to filter out the molecules of salt while letting the water molecules through. This also requires a fairly large amount of energy and it also has the added trouble of fouling up the filters which need to be cleaned regularly. Overall the process of removing salt from water is very difficult and usually not cost effective, compared to the natural water cycle where the enormous fusion generator evaporates water over hundreds of thousands of miles for free.Producing water with evaporation requires too much energy, it is used only in places where you have some free heat, like in a ship due to the Diesel engine. Reverse osmosis used to consume a lot of energy, but way less than evaporation / boiling. However new materials make it way less energy consuming compared to several years ago, in Israel it is now used to provide part of the water supply in the country. So to answer your ELI5, I would say, desanilisation is in the process of becoming a cost effective solution. _URL_0_', "Because water is **extremely cheap**. The price people are willing to pay for water is almost nothing, so an energy intensive process like desalination can't compete with the vast sources of available fresh water. Maybe on a cruise ship or submarine it's cheaper, but everywhere else just using existing fresh water sources is cheaper.
Would a wet towel dry in space?
Yes, the water would vaporize due to the low pressure. You can see a similar effect when water in a sealed jar is placed under a vacuum--it begins to boil, even at room temperature. _URL_0_It depends on the conditions. In total vacuum the water would boil off the towel but in doing so would suck heat from the wet towel until the remaining moisture in the towel would freeze solid. Depending on how wet the towel was and its starting temperature the towel could reach dryness before it became cold enough to freeze the remaining water. If it were encapsulated, say in a space station, it would dry normally via diffusion of moisture into the surrounding atmosphere.
Why you can drink in public, so long as your booze is in a brown paper bag.
She was just being nice. While they cannot legally search your bag without your consent, they can detain you until a warrant is filed or if there is probable cause to search . Both of those take time. The chatting may have just been a way to gauge how drunk you were. She saw no over intoxication and didn't want to do paperwork.America. Every European laughs at this while drinking outsideAs I understand it, a cop is at least technically obligated to take action when containers are open in public. The paper bag rule gives the cops leeway to ignore OR to bust without the potential for negligence.
Why does the number on an analog bathroom scale go up when you bend down to read it?
A bathroom scale doesn't measure weight, it measures normal reaction. When you bend, the normal force on different areas of your sole changes to keep you from toppling over. If it increases at the place where the sensors are present, it gives a larger reading. A similar thing could happen if you stand on one foot/change posture to drastically shift the weight distribution.By bending, you cause part of your body/mass to "fall" , so it's not being pushed upwards by the scale for a brief time. I assume digital ones are programmed to react slower than analogue ones, or to take an average measurement after a few seconds.
ppi of Laptops vs Cellphones
The price to produce a 17" display with 400 ppi so so high that no one would buy it, and also at that pixel density it's not supported by most laptops. Driving that type of display takes decent graphics horsepower
Why did wireless charging take so long to come about given that the physical principles behind it are very simple?
One big issue to consider is the ubiquity of rechargeable devices. Sure, 10-20 years ago we could have made wireless recharging mats and the like, but there wouldn't be a reason. No one had devices that required frequent recharging. For example, my first cell phone a mere 10 years ago needed to be recharged once a week, sometimes less than that. My first laptop, approximately 17 years ago, had no battery, and needed to be plugged into the wall at all times. Because there was no demand for wireless recharging, no one bothered to bring it to market until about 5 years ago, when the rise of the smartphone and tablet created a large market for convenient recharging.
What is happening inside when I'm losing weight?
Usually, when the body gets more energy for what it needs for its internal functions , it simply stores them as fat stored in several parts in your body for when it would need it. When you "eat less", you simply offer less energy for the body and forces him to use up what you have of stored fat when it "moves more", causing weight to drop. No cannibalism here :)
Why does looking at the horizon help against seasickness?
It gives your mind a frame of reference to determine exactly what is level. When you know what "level" is, your brain can deal with the motions reported by your inner ear. If you're inside a closed space and the boat is rocking around a lot, your eyes are telling your brain that you are standing on level ground, but the fluids sloshing around in your inner ear say you're bouncing all over the place. Being unable to ignore that difference tends to make some people sick. Source: My seagoing, retired, Royal Marine grandfather.
Why the order of numbers on a calculator and a phone dialpad are reversed?
Because the two standards were developed by different people at around the same time. Some of the early calculator manufacturers decided on the ascending pattern, some of the early keyed phone manufacturers decided on the descending pattern.Bell Laboratories actually did a study in the 1950s involving a number of human participants and various proposed keypad designs. The participants ranked the different designs based on ease of use and speed of dialing. The layout we have now was the best according to the study. Years ago I read the whole story about it somewhere, complete with illustrations of some rejected designs, but I can't find that source now. [Here is the Wikipedia link about it.] [Here is a link to an article about the guy behind the study.]
Why does cable T.V. show advertisements, but Netflix, which is way cheaper, doesn't?
Two completely different businesses in two completely different industries, doing two completely different things. Netflix started out as a movie rental company, and because it was a startup and not in the slow-moving cable industry, it was able to jump on streaming on-demand content before anyone else. Which is why Blockbuster is no more. Cable's entire revenue model is based around advertisements. Netflix's revenue model is subscription based, and they are smart enough to realize that no one likes ads when they watch TV.
Why is "classical music" called classical music?
Well, some fancy dressed individuals first looked back to the time of Bach up until 1900 and called that the common practice era. The idea of common being when diatonic harmony, the grammatical rules like couterpoint, and the various forms were developed and became standard. Once you went after that, composers just do whatever they want like atonal stuff or thought experiments . Then someone like yourself probably asked why is it called that, and these fancy-dressed people removed their monocles in astonishment. It does sound rather dull, so they used the word 'classical', since there were already precedents in literaure, philosophy, art and so educated people would get a wiff of what that means in terms of it being valuable. I.e. the formative period. Of course, there is a classical period within western art music, which sits between Bach's amalgamation of the best of baroque innovations, and the raging hormone era of the romantc composers. tl;dr: it sounds better than common practice era", '"Classical music" stems from the name of the Classical period" of music] which followed the Baroque period and preceded the Romantic period. Why did Classical beat out its brethren? Why don't we sneer about that fuddy-duddy Baroque music while we play our rock \'n\' roll? That I cannot answer. Some people think that it is more appropriate to call "Classical music" orchestral music although just like it is not all from the Classical period, it is also not all orchestral.
Why do countries still loan us money if we already owe trillions upon trillions dollars?
Because the US government is a very good credit risk. The Dollar is a stable currency, and the US repays its debts. The US borrows money by auctioning off bonds. If people were afraid the US wouldn't repay, then the bids would come in lower. The effect is that the US would pay more interest on its bonds. Today, the US can borrow for 1 year at 0.11% -- for every $1000 you lend them, they promise to repay you next year, plus $1.10. That's effectively nothing. For longer periods, the US faces slightly higher rates, but it's the definition of a safe borrower. You can find the rates [here]
How does currency in other countries have more value than currencies in different countires?
Supply and demand, let's pretend there are three guys in a world that Jelly beans are money. One guy has orange beans, one guy has black beans and one guy has blue beans. Each guy has five beans and they buy and work for more beans. The orange bean guy said screw that and just made 10 more beans. The others complain and point out he shouldn't get more stuff cause he just made more beans. So no one can take advantage of bean making, they make 1 blue or black bean worth as much 3 orange beans. Since they have 5 and orange has 15. Cause orange has higher supply yet the same demand as Blue and Black.In this case, the exact answer depends a lot on the factors, but most likely because the income is relatively higher in the USA compared to Thailand, plus the US version would be more of a specialty dish. A bowl of grits might be $1 in the SE USA, but $4 in Thailand because it would likely be a specialty dish instead of cheap comfort food. When it comes to food, local tends to be cheapest. There is also the factor of local living expenses.
When mouthwash says 'kills germ for 12 hours'
It is just an approximate of the tests done in the lab. It doesnt mean your mouth will be free of bacteria for 12 hours. The cleansing power decreases with time and rarely lasts for 12 hours. Usually after a meal the effectiveness is reduced considerably
If our bodies are 37*C, why does water at that temperature feel warm?
One important detail - 37°C is the CORE temperature. Your hands are cooler, significantly so in some people.We constantly generate heat while staying alive. We need to dump that or we overheat and stop staying alive. Heat flows from hot things to cold things. We can do a few tricks like sweating to dump heat into phase-changing water, but otherwise we need to be in an environment colder than we are. If you are immersed in body temperature water, the sweating trick stops working. I just realised I didn't really answer your question, but it's maybe useful background information for other people's answers.
What is the process of remastering old films/movies? Also, as a followup, how long does this typically take?
Strangely, regular old film is extremely detailed, somewhere around 25 megapixels per image. In order to distribute a movie, it gets converted to an easier-to-use format, but this process loses some of the detail. This isn't a problem because if they convert it to DVD, for example, they expect it to be shown on TVs of a certain quality, and there's no sense in going over that. When they remaster a movie, they go get the original film, scan it into a computer at full resolution, go over it frame-by-frame to remove scratches and dust, tweak the colors so it looks better, etc.. The end result is that they can then re-convert it to a new format at a higher quality than the original release.
Why do airport runways cost "14-18 billion pounds to build?"
very quick calculations at the rates we use for roads shows about 100 million dollars just to place the material, 3000m x 50m of crushed rock base and concrete surface. thats the absolute bare minimum. you also have costs with excavation, transportation, buying the land, fittings , probably as much pavement again with new taxi areas, this could easily be 400 million it looks like. and thats for a very basic runway, with taxi access, in unoccupied land. once you have to start buying up developed land, creating a huge new terminal, upgrading traffic access, upgrading plane handling facilities, etc, you doing the equivalent of creating a new full size international airport.
How did artists like Van Gogh paint self-portraits without the painting being mirrored?
You could always make a trace first and flip it if you're that concerned about 100% accuracy, but I wouldn't assume that a lot of famous self portraits *aren't* mirrored unless there's a clearly defining asymmetric feature that's present in both portaits and self portraits. Just a note about Van Gogh specifically, you could definitely get a picture done in 1880.
Why is it that the majority of sinks dispense aerated bubbly water rather than a smooth uninterrupted stream? Is this done on purpose? If so why?
Yes it's done on purpose, the tap of your sink has an aerator on it. If you look at it from below, you can see the little mesh screen, and you can unscrew it if you really want to. It's in place to reduce the amount of water you use because you will almost never need a solid column of water. It also helps to keep the water from splashing all over the place or coming out at weird angles.
Why do humans get itchy/uneasy when looking at pictures or videos of bugs and/or spiders?
I'm not an expert but the fact that there can be thousands in an area or the fact that our brains think they are near us and we can't see them? But mostly because we have knowledge of people being bitten by them. You might ask then why are we not scared of pictures of lions probably less have been attacked by lions? And the reason lions may be cuter is that they look more like us.
How do astronauts get enough air?
The ISS atmosphere is 21% oxygen 79% nitrogen at 1atm pressure. Oxygen production is carried out by electrolysis of water in the station's 2 oxygen generation systems . Backup is provided by oxygen tanks and emergency solid fuel oxygen generators. Computers monitor the air quality constantly and introduce more oxygen when it's needed. Carbon dioxide is removed from the air by chemical scrubbers.
What does it mean when Nasdaq or Dow Jones drops a point? How does it affect me?
I believe that the Nasdaq and Dow Jones are analytical indexes using the stock prices of a specific list of companies. Because stock prices are constantly changing, viewing just one of them doesn't give you a good idea how the entire market is doing, and there are too many companies out there to see each and every one. But by combining a few companies together, analysts can get an idea what's going on. They are going to bounce around a bit no matter what. Minor changes don't really mean anything. It's more about trends. If the index is trending up, it means that the market is growing, and if it's trending down it means that it's not doing well. As for how it affects you, unless you have money invested in the stock market it really doesn't affect you directly. It can affect you sort of indirectly because the stock market's performance is also important in the overall economy.
Why does the death penalty cost tax payers more than life without parole?
All of the appeals that are allowed before the sentence is carried out. Court costsThe death penalty is typically basically a life sentence. The difference is, a Lifer, someone who is going to stay in prison for the rest of their natural life and will not be released out into the real world actually will normally participate in some of his or her own care and contributes back to the prison in ways and forms that can generate revenue and expense relief. Prisoners don't just sit in their cells all day, they are productive, and members of a secular community looked over by the guards. Death row inmates, by stereotype, are spending most of their time working their way through the court system trying to either appeal their impending death or fight the legal system to extend their chances and delay their penalty. Some "death sentences" can be extended over 20 years of appeals, court sentences and so on. Murder, takes minutes to do Government beauracracy had red tapped the death sentence so much its easier to die in prison than the government to take responsibility in a legal execution in this country.
Why are there poisonous additives in cigarettes?
They aren't added, for the most part. Let's start with the things you mentioned. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element . If it occurs in soil and water, there's a fairly decent chance it gets into plants in some way. Tobacco is a plant. Hence it absorbs Arsenic compounds and tends to release them when burned. Hydrogen Cyanide, however, is for most purposes not naturally occurring. In the specific case of cigarettes, it comes from the actual combustion reaction that we call smoking. Let's go over some of the other "additives" that are reportedly added to cigarettes: * Tar: Basically just the partially burned remains of smoking.* Acetaldehyde: Again, by-product of smoking.* Formaldehyde: By-product of smoking.* Lead: Captured by the tobacco plants themselves and not completely removed during processing. In short, inhaling smoke regularly is a bad idea. Don't do it. The additives themselves are typically food-grade substances and harmless for the most part. It is the plant itself and partial combustion that causes the majority of the harmful effects of tobacco.
Why is it wrong for a country to save a lot of money?
Basically German domestic consumption is really, really low because they save so much. Consumption is what drives economic activity and the Eurozone in particular has suffered from a dearth of consumer spending. The fact that Germany has tons of money but squirrels it away in corporate and government savings accounts rather than spending it or passing it on to workers to spend while Europe's economic growth is anemic is bad policy, in the magazine's opinion.The old adage "you have to spend money to make money" applies here. If a country has money in the bank, that means they aren't building roads and hospitals and schools that can stimulate the economy. Or they aren't lowering taxes someone else can build things to stimulate the economy. Countries don't need to save up for retirement, money doesn't do them any good unless they spend it. That is true about debt to a large degree. If a country isn't borrowing money, they economy will not expand as much as it would otherwise.
What does the President of France do as Co-Prince of Andorra?
The coprinses have, like most heads of state of modern monarchies, more of a ceremonial function than a political one. The don't even have the right to veto governmental decisions. They are also have representatives in place so the President of France will normally not directly concern Andorran affairs that often. The real power lies with the parliament and their head of government, Antoni Martí. So not much difference there compared to other democracies.
Why can we see faraway light source (e.g. cars, lamps, stars) clearly when it doesn't seem to illuminate my position?
The difference is this: For you to see light, the light has to be strong enough to reach your eye and produce a reaction there. For it to illuminate you, it would have to reach you, scatter off you, reach someone else's eye, and produce a reaction there. During the scattering, the light is spread out more, so it becomes fainter. Let's look at the case of a laser pointer. Point the laser at the wall, and the scattered light is comfortably visible. Point it at your eye, and you're looking at serious eye damage.
Tv/Cable, ISP, Phone companies
LOL nobody in this thread knows what the fuck they're talking about. The definitive answer is the Telecommunications Act of 1996, signed by Bill Clinton. This act deregulated markets to allow corporations to operate across state lines, ostensibly to foster competition. In reality all it did was let the mega-corporations gobble up everyone else, resulting in *decreased* competition year after year until ultimately only one or two two remained per any given region.Utilities such as cable TV, phone, and electricity usually have a contract with a city to provide services to a community. Once one of those companies is entrenched, there is little incentive for a competing company to go through the whole expensive process of negotiating with the city and rebuilding that infrastructure so they can sell access to it in a competitive market. The cable companies have figured out that it is more profitable to just divide up the country into fiefdoms. They get to keep their local monopolies while keeping the antitrust regulators off their backs.For cable, TWC created the infrastructure. They installed the nodes at each neighborhood, connected all of the nodes, then connected all of the homes to a node. It is literally their infrastructure. Would it be right for say, Comcast, to be able to use all of TWC's equipment to offer their services? Same for AT & T. Many communities and companies sign agreements with one another. The company wants to be the exclusive provider in the area; the community doesn't want dozens of companies digging around and messing with other people's infrastructure.
What is it about overheating that is bad for computer parts?
Simple, Heat causes things to expand very slightly. Lets say you have a microchip that's just been soldered onto a circuit board, and it runs very hot. The circuit board around it doesn't run hot since it's a circuit board, which means the microchip expands, putting STRESS on those solder joints. Those can eventually crack and disconnect.
How does medicine work with our body to relieve pain in different parts of our body? Back ache-Take an asprin. Tooth ache-Take the same asprin.
Pharmacist here. To ELI5 this: basically, there are enzymes which facilitate reactions which cause signals to be sent producing pain. The name of the enzyme medicines like Ibuprofen target is called cyclo-oxygenase, or COX for short. Meds like this are closely related to the chemicals in the body which actually activate this enzyme, and the med takes the place of the body chemical, but do not activate the enzyme, causing it not to activate. That's it on a molecular level, and that happens many, many times when you take medicine. This causes the pain signal not to be sent. This is an example using NSAIDS. There are many other types of pain medications, all having unique ways in which they stop pain .Pretty sure painkillers just affect the whole body, there is no selective pain reduction. If you were experiencing pain in two spots on your body the same dose would affect both the same way it would pain in only one place. You don't take "two aspirins" for "two pains".Almost any medicine that you take orally or inhale and everything that you put in your veins goes everywhere your blood goes--except the brain . It doesn't matter if you inject Windex or milk or heroin, it goes through your entire circulatory system--minus the blood brain barrier. The same applies to most pills: after your stomach breaks it down, your bloodstream absorbs it through the intestines. The digestive process can change a percentage of the chemicals sometimes, and dilute their effects, but they travel throughout the entire body nonetheless.
- Bandwidth and broadband linespeed
_URL_0_ gives you the results in bits per seconds, while it's generally presented in bytes per second in applications used for downloading. So when you're downloading at 1.1MB/s, you're using 8.8Mb/s, because 1 byte is 8 bits.
Where Did the First Living Cell Come From
We don't know every step that needed to happen, but we know a few. After sealing water, ammonia, methane and hydrogen, in sterile bottle, heating it and cooling, adding few sparks of electricity some amino acids form. AA are basically building blocks of life, just like bricks are building blocks of a house. Another experiment shown, that drying the amino acids made them into long, interconnected structures that are now called "proteinoids". They are not technically alive, but have outer wall, and can divide themselves into two smaller proteinoids. It is believed, that these structures provided a place in which other minerals and compounds might have concentrated and created more complex stuff. So basically a primordial soup.
Why do tired children become all restless, not calm? That does not seem to make sense. Or does it?
Based upon my 14 month old daughter, it's because they're fighting the sleepiness. Their bodies are telling them that they need to rest, but their mind is telling them that they want to keep playing and explore and interact or whatever. It's how bedtime goes most nights. She fights it and gets crazy and squirms around refusing to give in, until suddenly she just hits a point where she gives up. Then her head goes on my shoulder and thirty seconds later she's out for the night.
How do they estimate the number of people in enormous crowds?
by area that they occupy and density Often these estimates are fairly innacurate but they do give a decent picture
How does salt act as preservative in food?
Salt kills bacteria and molds by drying them out. The growth of bacteria and molds is what makes your food go bad, so inhibiting the growth of those stops your food from going bad. And no, the food does not get less salty as time passes. Maybe the salt becomes more evenly distributed, but the amount of salt remains the sameBecause things like mold and yeast and bacteria require moisture to grow, and salt absorbs moisture, making it unusable to whatever would want it to grow.The salt basically 'sucks' the water out of bacteria, which would cause the food to go off, and this cause's them to die.
What being "spiritual" but not religious means?
When people say they are 'religious', it generally means they can put a name/label to their beliefs . When people say they are 'spiritual', it usually means they believe in a higher power/supernatural forces but don't have a name for it . Basically, a person who is religious is almost always spiritual , but a person who is spiritual is not usually religious .
The IMF and their relationship to Greece and Germany.
The IMF was originally created to serve as an international institution to prevent another Great Depression and World War from happening. Much of the discussion that went into creating the IMF also serves as the global financial backbone of the world economy. I wouldn't say that they have complete control over Greece but they have a lot of influence in what is happening right now. As you may remember Greece has had a pretty horrible debt crisis. The IMF is deeply involved in a bailout of Greece as the financial situation of Greece is still not great.The IMF is a lending body that provides funding in order to keep the government solvent. They typically have conditionalities, usually austerity measures, attached to these loans.
How come putting your hand over a cut/burn/bump as a kid made it seem to hurt less?
From an article I found: “Uniting two parts of the same body, Kammers explains, sends diverse signals to the brain about temperature, spatial position and identity that can come only from self-contact. In this case, bringing all three fingers together probably provided the brain with enough comparative information to readjust its interpretation of skin temperature on each finger. “When you get input from many different signals, the brain increases the coherence of its body map, which reduces acute pain,” Kammers says. The new findings parallel previous work demonstrating that adding more sensory input can relieve chronic phantom limb pain experienced by some amputees: when a mirror tricks the brain into thinking the body is whole again, the pain subsides.” [Link to the article] Yet another reminder that the human brain is ridiculous.
If you are killed out in public (i.e. hit by a car, stabbed, etc.) how do the police find out who your next of kin is to notify them?
Depends. The easiest way would be to find your wallet. They also try and ask people around the scene or wait until a missing persons report is filed. Edit: Oh and fingerprint, dna, and dental records can be used too.
nitroglycerin pills for heart attacks vs. nitroglycerin needs to be handled carefully or it blows up. How is this the same substance?
Nitroglycerin tablets are solid. It is the liquid form that is unstable. This link might help you _URL_0_
How is it that Sweden has a lower GDP per capita than Mississippi, but a much higher standard of living?
Sweden doesn't have a lower GDP per capita. Mississippi's GDP per capita in 2015 was $35,717. Sweden's was around $50,000. GDP per capita also doesn't take into account wealth distribution. If a few people make billions of dollars in a year while most everyone else just makes a few thousand, you can have a high GDP but the standard of living will still be low for most people. There are a few ways to measure income inequality, but the Gini coefficient is a common one. A 1 for a Gini coefficient means complete inequality and a 0 means complete equality. Sweden had .273 Gini coefficient in 2012 and Mississippi had .468 in 2010 , so Sweden also has more equal wealth distribution, which generally leads to a higher average standard of living.
How does color mixing work? What exactly does the mixture of blue and yellow do to always create green?
If you're talking about paint, the pigment reflects light at a certain wavelength. Light at that specific wavelength has energy and stimulates light-receptors in your eye which sends a signal to your brain, which you interpret as seeing a specific color. Pigments in paint are suspended in some kind of medium . When you mix the paints the tiny, microscopic pieces of pigment get mixed together and reflect two wavelengths. Those light waves stimulated your eyes in multiple ways, and create a mixed signal that your brain interprets as a new color. Wavelengths of blue and yellow, when viewed together, stimulate everyone the same way to create green. People who are color blind may not see it as green of course because there is a defect in their color vision. Color is subjective, it doesn't really exist until your brain interprets it. Wavelength of light is "objective" color. Blue is roughly 450-500 nm, Yellow is roughly 600-625 nm. Green is around 550nm. As you can see, green lies between blue and yellow on the spectrum.
why does rice have more genes than humans do?
The number of genes isn't what determines complexity, it's how those genes are used. Imagine the same principle with language. If you try to describe something simple with thousands of words, your description isn't more complex than a short and precise one. To oversimplify: In plants, 10 genes might do 10 different things. In mammals those 10 different things could be done with 1 gene. It's the context in which the gene is used that determines what it does.
If marriage is a legal framework, why is adultery not a punishable offense?
It is - in most places - grounds for the dissolution of the contract of marriage - aka divorce. There are plenty of contract violations that are not criminal offenses.Because the law doesn't care about your sex life . Marriage as a legal framework exists to specifically define the legal relationship between two spouses, such as through property rights, legal guardianship of children, or eligibility for certain government programs. At no point in the legal framework does it define marriage as an exclusive sexual relationship. By law, you can choose to dissolve the marriage contract for adultery but from the legal standpoint no law is broken.It used to be criminal in many jurisdictions. Now it usually is looked upon as a "fault" in states where fault can be assigned in divorce. My "home" state is a state that does both no-fault and fault divorces. Many people go the no-fault route because it's easier. Proving adultery can be embarrassing and might not always work.It used to be, in many jurisdictions. The problem is that adultery is common, easy to assert, and hard to prove, that the courts would get tied up in petty he said she said cases, that were dropped and reopened with every reconciliation and spat. It just wasn't a practical law to enforce.It is punishable by being grounds to the termination of the marriage contract in modern society. And historically it has had other ramifications such as eliminating the right of alimony for the adulterous partner . It has also historically had the penalty of death in numerous societies.
Why does burnt stuff taste so bad?
It's because foods have sugar in them. Caramelization is what makes the sugar taste sweet, and if it burns, the compounds in the sugar change, making it taste bitter. So basically, the hotter the sugar gets, the bigger the taste will differ.Because the organic material in the food is converted to carbon. So everything tastes like coal, basically.
If WWI and WWII never happened, what would the be our current population on earth.
There is no way to know because history would be entirely different. Maybe we wouldn't have been so hesitant about using nuclear weapons in the Cold War since no one saw the destruction caused by the atomic bomb and we would have nuked ourselves into near-extinction. Or maybe we would have all gotten along really well and have about 20 million more people around today.
How does a fingerprint scanner work?
These scanners look for certain points on the fingerprint and then convert it into a hash, a number, to compare it against the enrolled fingerprints. Not all points need to match, allowing a bad image or damaged finger to authenticate. Given the hash you can not recreate the finger print. Some scanners, like ones at police stations or jails, do keep an image of the fingerprint which allows a visual check by a person if needed. Finger print scanners seem like a good security feature at first to fullfill authentication, but it has a very serious problem; finger prints can not be revoked from the user. If a malicious person gets your finger prints then it is impossible for you to securely use fingerprint authentication. If somebody managed to steal your password you can change it, if they get their hands on an authenticator you can remove it from your account. Such things can't be done to your finger prints.The fingerprint scanner takes a biometric profile of whatever you put up to it. Think of these as random measurements on your face or fingerprint. When you try to use one the scanner will scan your face or fingerprint and compare the new measurements with the stored ones.
Why aren't American politicians taking payments from companies prosecuted/fined/penalised for bribery/corruption?
They aren't taking direct money into their pockets. That would be bribery. Super PACs that support them and run all of their advertising, lawyers, strategists get the money. This is considered separate.
Why does it take several decades to dismantle a nuclear power plant and only a few years to build it?
While being built, none of the parts are radioactive. You don't need any special protection and can discard waste as any other construction site. However, many of the components become radioactive during use. Waiting some time allows the radiation levels to drop off, and upon dismantling, the waste must be carefully monitored and disposed of to minimize exposure to the environment and crew.
Why is it common for McDonalds in multiple countries to have technical "problems" with their ice cream machines?
It doesn't break. It's down for maintenance. The maintenance cycle takes a few hours and they can only perform maintenance during work hours.The machines are similar in different countries. The parts and ingredients used in those machines are similar. so the problems are also similar. This seems more like a rant than a question.The real question is "why does the damn icecream machine break/have to be cleaned about 5 minutes before I go to get icecream?" :P XD
Do mental issues run in the bloodline or do they develop, if they do, what causes them?
"Mental issues" is very vague here. Some have genetic factors, some are exclusively a result of some sort of trauma, and many are in between. It *really* depends on which one you're talking aboutTake a look at the "nature vs nurture" argument. Bottom line is that mental issues come from both your biology and experiences.
How did Brachiosaurus' find enough Vegetation to eat, and how were plants enough for this huge animal?
They dont have to chase their food and theres a lot of it so they spend their entire day eating. Its just like how cows produce insane amounts of meat from mostly grass or hay. Because they eat constantly.Ever been to a forest? There is a SHIT-TON of plants in those. Different animals can extract different amounts of nutrients from their food source. The brachiosaurus ate enough plants and got enough out of it to live. That's the trick. Eat a lot of it. Elephants can consume up to 150 kg of food and 40L of water PER DAY. And that's the smaller Asian elephant ", '[These previous posts] will answer the second half of your question[Current animals] are not actually all that small in comparison to [the brachiosaurus.]
Why do people who plea guilty in court get time knocked off of their sentence when they still committed the same crime?
Costs the state a whole lot less if they can avoid a trial, guarantees a conviction, etc. It's a form of leniency for admission of guilt and saving resources.
Why does it take so long to download something but such a short amount of time to delete it?
When you download something every individual byte of information has to travel down the line to your computer. So it has to sent that amount of information. For example maybe say 40 Gigabytes all down the line to your computer. When you delete that information you dont remove that 40Gb what happens is the computer tells itself it can overwrite that information. It's actually still there and can be recovered.
why is it in northern states (US) it can snow several feet and daily life doesn't change, but in southern states ~1 inch of snow can shut everything down?
Infrastructure in place to deal with it, both people's stuff and city wide. If you live in an area that regularly gets snow, you have snowblowers. You have shovels. You have winter tires, and they're already on the car. The city has huge salt reserves, plows, you name it. if you live somewhere that *doesn't* get snow regularly that's a lot of money to spend on shit you need once every five years, tops! So nobody has the equipment to deal with even a little bit. **edit:** one additional problem warmer climates can have is ice. In colder climates, once the weather gets below freezing it usually **hangs out** below it for some time. So snow stays snow. But in the south, if it happens it only happens for relatively short times. If you have cold enough weather for snow, then it warms up enough to melt briefly, then dips back down again now you have nice big sheets of *ice*. And that will ruin your day.
why are American college athletes unpaid?
in a way, they are getting paid. they get a free ride for their "work", is it fair? that's another story. * no tuition USD10-50k per year * usually, free meals during the school year* free housing* my freshmen roommate gets free books from the book store too.* some athletes get extra scholarship spending money too', "I am a current student athlete and I would loooooovvvvvve to be paid, however it is against the NCAA rules and regulations. Every college sport that receives funding is under these rules . [This] shows your eligibility to compete in the NCAA . Apart from the rules, if you logically think about it, it would be unfair. Look at the smaller, private liberal art schools compared to the massive state schools: liberal arts school have significantly less money than state simply due to them not being funded by the state. They would be able to attract the best players and everyone would want to go the richest schools since they will get the biggest paycheck .[Here] is another source from ESPN, displaying various factors why it would just not work. Paying college athletes ruins the fairness of the game and the competitiveness
Why do tractor trailers need so many gears?
Just to allow them to tug more weight. You would need an insane amount of power to tow those trailers if you only had say 5 gears. Either you wouldn't have enough power, or your top speed would be very slow. Having more gears allow the driver to start moving the weight using the gears to keep the engine in it's optimum RPM range. Deisels don't have high rev limits like gas engine do simply because of the way they operate. They make gobs of power in the lower rpm range, so increasing a diesels rpm limit would act rally give you less power
How did a bunch of great actors agree to star in a movie that would obviously flop (emoji movie)?
The producers managed to solicit funding for a passing fad from people who had more money than sense. They had a big outlay of cash and rather predictable costs for the actual production, so there was plenty of cash to pay for big name voices. I'd be willing to bet most of the voice work was remote; they just paid whomever to record wherever they were. With a fairly limited script, I'd be surprised if any of them spend more than a week recording.
If humans were made for physical activities (not sitting for long hours), how is our body adjusting to us sitting for long hours staring at a screen
There will only be an evolutionary change if people who have spontaneous mutations that allow them to complete desk work more easily and remain healthy end up having more offspring than those who die early of sedentary heart attacks.
Somebody in the comments of this video said it wasn’t a heart problem. Why is this guy like he is?
In the Reddit post about it, somebody claiming to be an ER/trauma doctor said it was a condition called [flail chest]. Rather than being the heart beating, the broken ribs move in & out as a response to air pressure from breathingit was already answered. he had a broken rib cage. what you see is his lungs inflating past his rib cage.
Why is there a second explosion?
So this is actually pretty cool. The second "explosion" you're seeing is called sonoluminescence, which can sometimes happen when bubbles in a liquid collapse. Basically it is a collapsing air pocket that explodes due to a violent change in pressure. You can see as the bullet strikes the gel it creates a large air cavity along its path. When it exits the other side, the openings of the cavity collapse and trap this pocket of air inside the gel, which at this point is the same temperature and pressure as the outside air.As the gel collapses around it, it compresses the air driving the pressure and temperature up almost instantly. If this occurs quickly enough, enough the air can reach temperatures of several thousand degrees in a fraction of a second. This causes the air molecules to emit a burst of light that we can see with high-speed cameras. Once this happens, the hot air gets pushed out of the entry and exit holes the bullet made.Do you mean in the gel? Someone else is going to provide a more accurate answer, but I'd imagine it's something like Bullet goes into gel, it's hot and has lots of kinetic energy, melting and vaporizing the gel. Pocket expands as the bullet vaporizes the gel . The expansion of the void reaches a maximum at some point, and then the gel contracts like a loaded spring, compressing the vaporized gel and heating it up. Bullet exits the other end, oxygen enters the void with the heated gel vapor, and makes it go boom.
Are there any deductive arguments for or against gun control that are both sound and valid?
Not sure exactly what you mean by "deductive". Any argument depends upon a set of premises, and typically the differences between arguments is a difference in premises. A simple logically sound argument against gun control is that freedom and liberty is more desirable than anything else, including personal or collective safety, and as such any gun control is bad. Now, you may not agree that freedom and liberty outweighs personal and collective safety, but that doesn't make it any less of a logically sound argument.
Why can you get addicted to 1st hand smoke but not 2nd hand smoke?
Addiction to cigarettes comes in two main ways. The first is the physical habit. Cigarette smoking is a repetitive, comforting practice - a less athletic version of Tai Chi. So merely smoking the cigarette is enjoyable even if you exclude the pharmacological effects. It should be obvious that this provides no benefit except to the person who is actually smoking the cigarette. The second is the nicotine in the cigarette. However, the nicotine is almost entirely absorbed by the body. You can't realistically get 'high' off of second-hand smoke - the smoke you see exhaled is particulates and other largely inert chemicals. So there's no chemical rush from secondhand smoke to get addicted to.Nicotine levels from 1st hand smoke are extremely higher than 2nd hand, and when smoking first hand you get a nicotine buzz when starting that some people like, not obtained from 2nd hand.
What's the difference between and ponzi and pyramid scheme? What are examples of companies that use these models?
In a ponzi you give a guy some money and he gives you back more money by telling you a lie and saying he has a good investment but really he is just telling a bunch of people that and paying the older people with the newer people's money. A pyramid scheme is basically the same thing but with less direct lying. Everyone knows the older people are being paid with the older member's money but they have just been convinced in some way that that is a good idea and someday they will be the older member getting paid with the even newer people's money. There is a lot of overlap and something can be both at the same time or be slightly different in the particulars but generally a ponzi pays new investors old investor's money instead of making money some other way and then lies about it, pyramid scams skip the pretending there is some secret investment and just trick people into thinking it's a good business model that is sustainable.
Why do we need to write "ELI5" in front of every post when obviously that's the topic if it's in this subreddit?
Likely for those either on the front page or on /all/ who may think it's AskReddit, and then downvote them for having a bad question.
What Does make a Western country be considered part of the West?
It's a largely a cultural distinction based on 'Western' values. Nations with a free market, broad conceptions of liberty and low levels of corruption tend to be considered 'Western'. That's why clearly non-European nations like South Korea and Japan with distinctly non-European cultural heritage are 'Western' but most of South/Central America isn't.
Why is cell service so erratic in the mountains? Mountains don't move, so why is the connection not constantly good or bad?
For one, rock and other materials on a mountain can block signals . In the mountains, you are generally pretty far from a tower, so your signal is already weak. While the mountain may not move, other things around the mountain do. Mostly it's weather. Radio signals don't travel well through water, so rain, fog, and high humidity will reduce signal strength. Thermals and layers of hot air on cool air can have a reflective effect that can increase your signal strength. It doesn't take a lot of change for a cell connection to go from 'usable' to 'unusable'. A weak signal is nearly as good as a strong one, but there's a threshold just below that weak signal where it just won't work anymore. If the humidity changes slightly , it could be just enough to knock out the service.
Do productions really crash expensive sports cars for a single shot in films?
I doubt they buy full actual sports cars to crash. The most likely scenario is they build a replica model of the body and put it on a 'normal' car chassis. I know a few of the cars blown up in Skyfall were relatively cheap 3D printed replicas.As /u/firstworldandarchist said they usually use replicas. Car crashes are pretty boring in the real world, even at fairly high speed. So they use stunt cars designed to crash in certain ways. No sense in crashing a $200K car when you can make a replica up and have it crash/explode in a much more interesting way than a real car wouldAlso, to further your understanding, check out the "Making of Need for Speed". There is a segment dedicated to the shop that replicated all the cars for the flickWhen shooting dukes of hazards they went through so many chargers that they would send guys out to find and buy the cars off the streets
Why do some people mouth the words I am speaking?
People with hearing issues do this. its one of the ways they have learned to communicate, by visually seeing your lips move a certain way and combining it with the limited audible sounds they hear they can understand what you are saying. At that point its kind of like mouthing words while reading a book. Source: my best friend has hearing aids, and has for his whole life he does this all the time.My wife does this sometimes it's hilarious when I call her on it. I've asked her why she doesn't it. She tells me that she's not even aware that she's doing it.
What is the deal with the unholy trinity of Kroger, CVS pharmacy and Walgreen's?
Kroger store manager here 1) Proximity to one another allows stores to potentially steal customers away from eachother based on better service, instocks, cleanliness and speed of checkout. 2) there really arent a ton of high traffic intersections available to retailers, and it gets even lower when you factor in the size of the lots we need to build on. 3) cvs and wal-greens break even on scripts and make their money on the convenience goods and impulse products they sell. Compare their OTC prices to a Kroger, Target or Wal-Mart and it is stunning. You will typically find us at the exits to freeways entering area zoned as residential . Anyway, not a full list but definitely some of the answers I have received over the years from our Real Estate department! I suggest you get your scripts transferred to Kroger! :)', "You should probably search the sub for why businesses tend to open by similar businesses. I've also seen a pretty good video on YouTube about the concept, but the name eludes me In short, opening near each other is strategically better, it actually causes more business
if our basic human instinct to survive is so strong, why do humans willfully continue to destroy things we need to survive?
You seem to think that the brain is a perfect, logical truth-seeker. We are the first species on Earth that can completely destroy ourselves if we're too shortsighted with our use of technology and exploitation of the environment. Before recent times, there was *no need* for any animal to be able to think long-term.Our brains are good at immediate, simple benefits like, "I am hungry, so I hunt," or "I am under attack, so I will run," or even, "I *will* be hungry, so I'll plant these seeds." When it comes to things like pollution and global warming, where the effects are very gradual and may not effect us much for decades, the brain is basically like, "Yeah, that sounds like a *future*-me problem," and goes on its way, whistling merrily. Hence why we destroy the environment for short-term rewards, ignoring the long-term disaster it could bring. TL;DR, the brain isn't perfect, humans are bad at long-term thinking because before the last few hundred years, we haven't really needed it to survivebecause we are better at perceiving things that we can see, feel, hear - like something about to attack and eat you or fall on your head
EILI5: How come English doesn't use compound nouns like other Germanic languages?
> English uses it on occasion so how come that trait of Germanic languages was never adopted by the English Language? Maybe I'm not understanding your question properly or don't understand how German compound nouns work, or maybe you just intended to ask why doesn't English use compound nouns more frequently. Regardless, English does have a fair number of compound nouns: basketball, washing machine, mother-in-law, and so on. If you're simply asking why it doesn't have more compound nouns, the answer has to do with the fact that any given language develops in its own unique way due to a variety of factors, and I might suggest that part of this has to do with the separation of England from other Germanic regions. This would have been compounded by the fact that the people who could have traveled to Europe primarily spoke French for much of the time when English was moving from Old English to what we know today. Consequently, there would have been less exchange of the habits of nations speaking Germanic languages and English speakers. edit: formatting", 'I'm on my cell phone in bed right now so I can't offer a long comment, but Old English used to have some pretty rad compound nouns called "kennings," back in the days of Beowulf and The Wanderer. Google them. As for the reason kennings fell out of use, well, language evolves. Old English split from Old German longer ago than you might think, even though they are both Germanic languages. Think monkey/human evolution--it's a bit difficult to answer the question "Why do humans have trait X that monkeys dont have" because even though we share a common ancestor, lots of change has occurred.I can't say for certain, but if it wasn't before 1066 then this was about the time it happened. When the Normans conquered Britain the influence of their language was enormous and stripped many grammatical features away from both languages.
Why is home value used to describe the U.S. economy recovery, when over-inflated home values caused an economy crash?
Home prices can be an indicator for consumer spending. If prices are high, it's usually because demand is high. Sellers want to get the most money they can, so if they know that people will buy it for a high price, they'll list it at a high price. If lots of people are wanting to buy expensive houses, it means that lots of people have stable incomes and are willing to spend lots of money. This is a good sign. The housing crash was due to a false belief in the above. Housing demand was huge, but it was because of bad loans, not because of stable incomes. Bad loans weren't sustainable, so when people defaulted, foreclosures and housing supply skyrocketed, demand plummeted, and so did prices. I think the belief now is that lending regulations won't let bad loans go out again.
Why isn’t the temperature of a vacuum absolute zero if there is nothing to store the heat energy?
It would be if it was absolute vacuum . But we cannot get true 0 pressure even in laboratory conditions. Just like temperature we just try our best to get very closeTemperature is a physical property of a thing. The absence of things is not a thing. So there's no temperature to be measured. It's just "N/A" like 'the color of nothing\'', "Well, the temperature of something has to do with how fast its particles are moving. If something has no particles, then it has no temperature at all. There's another sense of temperature that you can use. If you leave a glass of water in a room that's 70°, the glass of water will eventually reach 70°. If it's colder, it will warm up. If it's warmer, it will cool down. Something left in space will eventually reach an equilibrium temperature greater than absolute zero, because starlight will heat it up slightly. The precise temperature will depend on how close you are to a star or other object.
Why does a full suspension mountain bike require more energy to pedal than a hard tail?
In full suspension mountain bikes there is a storage for kinetic and potential energies in the suspension device the spring. When you are pedaling on flat ground you exert a force and some of this will get absorbed by the spring, unlike a hardtail which would just transmit it to the wheel and move along the ground.All the energy you put into it has to go somewhere. With a full suspension, much of that energy goes into the bouncing up and down. With a rigid frame, it's all put into going forward. But are you sure that you really care about *energy*. Taking more energy is not the same as taking more strength or being more difficult.
Why are there, for the most part, no "villages" in the US?
There are all kinds of small towns all over america, maybe not QUITE as smal as a few houses on a road, but there are plenty of towns with one main street, a few small businesses and not much else.Have you been to the US? Which parts?, I live in New England, and those types of places are everywhere here, nestled in the woods, usually along a river with one road in and out of town. Maybe there's a single gas station or tiny grocery store, but you have to drive an hour to get to any supermarket or anything big.