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Did those mentioned in the Panama Papers perform illegal actions?
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Depends on the country's laws, but the whole point was that they were exploiting loopholes. As in, they followed the letter of the law, but not the spirit. The money they made was intended to be taxed and used in other ways probably, but through a proper but legitimate misunderstanding of the law, they were able to do this.
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Why did US decide to go for 'Presidential Republic' system instead of 'Parliamentary Republic' system ?
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1) When the US left Great Britain, the monarch still had much more power than they do now, the transition to the modern constitutional monarchy was far from complete. By leaving when they did, and then codifying it in a written constitution, they missed the ensuing European development. 2) Constitutionally, Congress is the most powerful branch of government. There has been a great deal of academic debate over the "Imperial Presidency", the extent that exists, the extent a modern President has more power than they might have been intended, the way a President can make more of less power due to being concentrated in one person with all the symbolism they get to hold, etc.
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the physical difference between a video camera and a still camera. Also, how do the hybrids differ from the single task models?
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There's very little difference between the two . Many still photo cameras can also take video and vice versa. The key is that to do video, the camera must be capable of moving images from the sensor to memory rapidly, and must have the memory capacity to store many frames. Some hybrids can only take relatively low frame rates, such as 15 frames per second. And some video cameras have better optics . But there is lots of variation.Not much; they both use image sensors to capture images. Dedicated video cameras usually have a higher shutter speed to allow for 60FPS video these days , usually have a much faster imager and their recorder is usually capable of handling a higher amounts of data per unit time. They're also electronically much more complex than still cameras: Video camera component diagram: _URL_0_ Hybrid camera components _URL_1_ And this is because video cameras need to maintain a series of high quality images in quick succession and then their storage.
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How do these 8/16/32/64k-demos work? how
can you put all that information and animation in
such a small file?
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I'm ignorant of the general computery stuff involved, but it's like this: the file doesn't actually contain the stuff which is to be shown. It contains HOW to MAKE the stuff which is to be shown. ELI5 analogy time. Say I want to have an awesome home video of me driving across the country. I could get a video camera, set it up on my dashboard, and then drive across the country. I would then have an awesome home video of driving across the country. Say, though, I'm too lazy for that. Instead, I print out a google maps and give that to some other sucker, make him set up a video camera, and then drive across the country. At the end of it, I have an awesome home video of driving across the country. These files = google maps directions. Some other poor sucker = graphics processor.They define mathematical algorithms to produce those pictures. They don't store the pictures themselves. For a simple example, let's say you wanted to paint the screen black. You could encode 1024x768 0's , which would be enormous. Or you could encode the simple instruction "paint 1024x768 0's" which is a lot smaller.
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how did generals in ancient battles send commands readily and accurately I the battles?
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Quite simple: they didn't. Commands could be given by pre-arranged signals, via drums, bugles, flags, etc. You could send a courier to deliver orders to a commander, or something similar, but getting commands delivered in a timely accurate fashion was a major issue for a lot of history. There are multiple battles and even while campaigns where failures of communication had disastrous consequences.A lot of armies used intruments with specific calls to mean specific things. Musicians would be arrayed such that each one could echo the commands of the last. If you know in advance you have a single action, like going over the top in WWI, you can simply hand out whistles and have the order start and quickly get sent along a line by each repeating the whistleIt might be different from civilization to civilization, but I understand that the Mongols used signal flags to coordinate cavalry movements from relatively large distances. Probably particularly effective if the battle was in a geography where signalers could stand on hills or other highly visible terrainAs others pointed out. Musical instruments like horns, bugels and drums were often used to signal troops. Sometimes different colored flags. Lots of use of messenger runners. Additionally commanders were often much closer to the battlefield.
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The green frog-guy meme I keep seeing from r/The_Donald in /All
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It is Donald Trump photoshopped together with the meme [Pepe]. No one really has any idea why Pepe got popular in the first place, it originated on 4chan years ago and quite frankly is probably the most long lived meme in meme history. As for what it means no one knows. As for why it is on there, well, r/the_Donald is known to shitpost and meme a lot, while I personally do not necessarily support what they are pushing for, I have to admit, their memes are on point. And it seems that the r/the_Donald mods have announced it is "Pepe Weekend."
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Since the Earth is so hospitable to life, then why isn't there multiple origins of life/ multiple coexisting trees of life?
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The conditions on Earth at present are very conducive for sustaining life, but not for life to originate. The theory of life that is well accepted is primary abiogenesis and then biogenesis ever since. The first molecules of life originated from non living substances then these living molecules started self replicating and evolving. The most important condition required for primary abiogenesis was a reducing atmosphere. Or an atmosphere that does not have much oxygen which will oxidize the organic molecules. Once the planktons and other small celled photosynthetic organisms evolved, they produced oxygen as a by product and slowly the atmosphere became an oxidizing atmosphere. Once atmosphere became oxidizing, the original condition in which self replicating aggregates formed was changed. Hence now new life cannot form from non living substances when exposed to the atmosphere. But living organisms can arise from existing living organismsLife is selfish. As soon as life got started it immediately started changing the environmental conditions around it, thus making the environment less conducive the the emergence of life again. It burned its bridges behind it.
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How do multi-room audio systems sync music?
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Imagine that you want to tell a lot of people in different places in the world to say something out loud at the exact same time. "Exactly at noon, start the speech." Networked audio systems work kind of the same. The control unit sends out a message to all of the sound producing devices saying "this is what I expect you to do for three seconds, starting at exactly 12:13.42." And during those three seconds, it sends another message saying "this is what I expect you to do for three seconds, starting at exactly 12:13.45". And so on. It's really not much more difficult than that. if you can sync the time between devices you can make them work together. My example is a bit flawed because I don't really know if they send three seconds of data in one go, but it doesn't really matter if they send half a second or ten seconds worth of information, the principle is the sameSonos uses the Simple Network Time Protocol to keep each component synchronized. Music is buffered and each unit knows when to start playing. Because their clocks are synchronized down to fractions of a second, they start at almost exactly the same time.
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How come ICBMs can’t be shot down? Are they undetectable or are they just going to fast?
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They can be shot down sometimes. Test under ideal conditions are ok-ish at shooting down ICBMs but it's never been done during an actually attack so we don't really know how effective missile interception would be when it mattered. Missiles are small and moving very fast. Intercepting a missile is like trying to shoot a bullet out of the air with another bullet.
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How do they make unique signals for car alarm/lock remotes
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The "key" emits a series of timed pulses. The car recognizes only one patternThe exact system varies from manufacturer to manufacturer and even from one model of car to another. One system I'm familiar with is Microchip Corporation's Keeloq technology. This basically uses a "rolling code" to encrypt the data that gets sent via radio waves from the key fob to the car. The rolling code is a binary number, created and updated by something called a "non-linear feedback shift register", so it changes in weird and unpredictable ways. This prevents someone from "listening" to the radios signal sent by the keyfob, and then guessing what the next code will be. If they could guess the next code they could fake the radio signal from the key fob, and possibly steal the car1. Electromagnetic signals can transmit arbitrary numerical data. 2. The key fob is an electromagnetic transmitter. 3. The car contains an electromagnetic receiver 4. At manufacture-time, the car and key fob are "linked" So, it's no harder to make a unique signal than it is to make any other unique number.
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How do you safely get rid of nuclear waste?
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Put it in strong barrels, put barrels in a cave that isn't near a water source. Hope the barrels don't leak for many many many many many many years.
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What is the biological purpose of blue eyes?
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Pro tip: not every trait we have had a purpose. There's no rule staring that just because something evolved, it's useful. Blue eyes are merely a mutation that wasn't detrimental enough to be selected against.
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how to best use my credit card to build credit.
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Unless you have bad credit and are trying to turn it around as quickly as possible or if you are trying to eek out those last 5 points to put you over 800, the only thing you really need to worry about is make sure you aren't late paying your card. It won't really hurt to carry a balance or to not carry one. Also, it doesn't matter in the slightest how you pay your bill as long as it is credited on your account before the due date.
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Why does practically every website still have trouble handling high traffic volumes even when they're expecting it?
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Servers have a finite amount of processing power. The only way to increase your capacity is to get MORE servers or upgrade the hardware of existing servers. This is an expensive proposition and takes work to do. It doesn't make much sense unless you're expecting to have to handle this sort of volume a lot.
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Is our moon moving away from Earth? If so, what's causing it?
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The moon recedes from Earth at about 4 centimeters per year. In other words, Apollo 11 would need to travel about 2 meters farther if it were launched today. It has to do with tides. Earth's gravity pulls on the moon, but the moon's gravity also pulls on the earth. So the moon doesn't really orbit the earth: both bodies orbit around a center of mass. This center happens to be inside the earth, but since it's not directly in the middle of the planet, Earth "bulges" as it rotates. This makes the oceans slosh around, which is what tides are. It also has the effect of slowing down the rotations of both the earth and the moon: the moon has already slowed down so much that it's "locked" with Earth it still rotates, but at the same rate it orbits, so we always see the same side. This is happening to Earth too, but at a much slower rate. The other effect of this tidal dance is that the moon is pulling so hard that it's pulling itself away from Earth again, very, very slowly. It'll be a couple hundred million years before it will no longer be able to cover the sun during an eclipse. It will never break free of its orbit around Earth, however the sun will have expanded to engulf both our planet and our moon long before then.The moon has gravity just like Earth and this pull on Earth is of different strength at different distances. The result is a tidal force that creates a bulge in the oceans and even the crust. Due to the rotation of Earth this bulge sits slightly ahead of the moon's rotation and pulls the moon forward in its orbit, speeding it up. The consequences of speeding up in orbit pushes the moon into a higher orbit, increasing the distance from Earth.
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What's going on with Netflix and Verizon?
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Verizon has a lot of pipes. Netflix traffic uses a large portion of those pipes, because HD video. [A US Appeals Court] recently ruled that Verizon can charge Netflix more because it uses more pipes, which makes a lot of tech people upset, because it allows ISPs to decide what content is worth having on the internet. Verizon went into negotiations with Netflix for Netflix to pay them more, and during the negotiations, used mafia-like tactics to tank Netflix's speed to Verizon customers, as if to demonstrate what they could do to Netflix if they wanted. Netflix capitulated to Verizon's demands for more money, but retaliated by putting a message on Verizon Netflix subscriber's screens telling them every time that Verizon's network was slow enough to reduce video quality. Verizon got butthurt over this and sent a mean letter to Netflix threatening to sue for defamation.
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How is all the debris in space and other stuff orbiting earth not a bigger problem?
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Its all super far apart and would take more resources than the objects are worth to collect them and orbital decay HAS already been calculated.
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Why do we have to cook things with a low flame for a long time. Why not a high flame for a short amount of time?
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Large flame means high temperature. High temperature means the outer layer of food might burn before the inside has been heated up. Low temperature takes more time, but gives you much more even cooking.So the heat disperses throughout the item. This makes it more evenly cooked and ensures all food reaches a safe temperature for consumption as well as preserving tenderness since charing makes the food stiffer. For why short times with high energy aren't that great, think of a microwave burrito. Too hot to pick up immediately, but still cold in the center.
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Why do people like Warren Buffet continue to try and make as much money as possible, when they have so much that they could never spend it all?
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When you control massive wealth you can do things nobody else can do. You get called by Presidents and Potentates when they need help or want your opinion. You get invited to the most interesting secret meetings where the strings that move the world are pulled. You get a seat behind the curtain. Being an active investor is what keeps you in that seat. If you put your money into a passive investment vehicle and ignored it, people would ignore **you**. Only if you're seen to be willing and able to move the kind of capital that changes markets do you get to be a real "insider". Buffet loves being an insider He's also been doing it his entire life. Clearly he loves it on some fundamental level. He is probably really intrigued by what he sees happening over the very long term and wants to remain in a decision-making role as he watches to see if his theories about how the world works are validated or not.Well, in Warren Buffet's case, when he makes money, he's really raising money for charity because he's been very clear about wanting to spread his wealth and share it with good causes. Other people may feel the same, such as Bill Gates.
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why do they even allow people's cars to go over 140 mph?
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Consumers demand acceleration. That requires a powerful engine. Consumers demand fuel economy. That requires a tall gear ratio that keeps a car at speed at low engine RPM, meaning it's consuming less fuel. What happens when you combine that powerful engine at HIGH RPM with that tall gear meant for low RPM at highway speeds? You can always install a governor on the engine to limit the speed, but it's not illegal to make a fast car, and it's not illegal to go fast, it's only illegal to exceed the speed limit on public roads. You can go as fast as you want on private property.For emergencies. If there was a tornado headed your way, would you only want to go 40 mph?', "A car is very inefficient when it's driving at its max speed. The only good way to cap a car's speed without killing its gas mileage is to design it to go faster than you want and then put some stuff in to block the accelerator when it goes fast. That adds weight and cost and complexity . So in general, it's not worth it when most people aren't going to try to reach those speeds anyway.
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How come you can only get bigger muscles on a calorie surplus?
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Building muscles is like building a house, you need to build it out of something. By exercising you are giving your cells orders to build a building. Proteins are like the bricks for the building, the cells can just stack em together and make a building. You can turn other things into bricks, but that takes time and effort, it might be easier to just stack it in a corner or burn it right now. Those would be other sources of calories. If you're are starting out as fat, this would be like having piles of clay you stacked in a corner, send the right orders and you can turn that into muscle proteins. Eventually you'll run out of fat and need to get more stuff to turn in muscle. Thus you'll need to eat more stuff than you burn, otherwise there's nothing left over to turn into muscle.Over time on a calorie deficit you will definitely loose muscle mass, your body just first gets resources from fat. Basically, without a surplus on calories your body has more important things to keep alive than building muscle.In the long run this is true. You can only have muscle growth on a caloric surplus. In the short run it's actually possible to gain muscle on even a deficit by losing fat. This is generally NOT sustainable. It requires your body to be exceptionally responsive to muscle developing stimulus. Conditions for this occur in individuals who have relatively little muscle and/or relatively high fat levels. After some time they reach a balancing point and it becomes increasing hard to loose fat while gaining muscle, thus the conventional wisdom to focus on one or the other.
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Why do we experience emotions that we consciously recognize as illogical or ridiculous?
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Think of it this way. Our body has pain receptors that cause a feeling that 90% of humans hate and can't stand. Pain. They do this so that we realize we need to stop doing something that causes our bodies injury. A defense mechanism, if you will. Our brains eventually become conditioned to avoid things that cause pain because of those pain receptors. So illogical/ridiculous/ ideas or emotions or feelings are kind of similar, we have them so that we know the difference between sound reasoning and illogical reasoning, the difference between ridiculous response and proportional response. To help us better survive the world.
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if there is no sound in space, is there no sound in the shuttle once at a certain point above earth? Tl;dr how does sound in space work?
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Sound is vibration in a fluid . In space there is no air, so sound cannot be created. In space shuttles, there is an air tank so the astronauts can breathe, and this allows them to talk.Sound waves are a vibration in a medium. That medium is usually air, but it could also be water or many other things. In space there is no medium , so sound waves CAN'T travel. On the space shuttle there is air so the sound waves CAN travel.
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What makes something louder?
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Sound is a "vibration" of the air. The frequency of the vibration gives you the pitch of the sound. The amplitude of the vibration gives you loudness. To make sound with a speaker, there is a membrane that vibrates according to an electric signal. So let's say it vibrates 2000 times per second . If it pushes 1/8th of an inch, you'll get a certain sound. But if you turn up the volume, the signal is stronger and the speaker will push more, like half an inch. Even if it still pushes 2000 times per second , it now moves more air with each vibration, which results in a louder sound.The more energy a sound-wave carries the louder that specific sound seems. The amplitude of sound waves is a measure of the quantitative amount of energy. The higher the amplitude, the louder the sound.
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why do people scream when they are in pain?
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To warn others in the area of danger, and/or to call for help. Which such basic instincts as these, think of stone-age hunters in the long grass, hunting gazelle and trying to avoid tigersNot everyone does. Down the hall from my office is a surgery room where spine injections are done daily. They are painful but I would estimate less than 10% actually scream. Same when women are in labor. Many scream, but some do not. You can make a conscious effort not to scream.There was a study that showed that cursing helps to reduce pain, I'm sure screaming does as well.
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How do archaeologists know who a certain skeleton in a tomb is?
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You know how we place tombstones on graves with inscriptions on them? They did that back in ancient times as well. Only the inscriptions were on and inside the tombs.
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How data from my doctor visits and prescriptions reach the macro level to improve treatments for other people in the future.
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This is currently being done in the health care industry. Health insurers have the information of what illness you have, what treatments you have received, how often you go back to be retreated, and what other symptoms you develop. This is independent of where you get treatment. From millions of data points they can determine which treatments work best and which work poorly. Insurance carriers have a financial incentive to identify the most cost effective treatment as they are footing the bill for treatments that do not work. A well Known example this was in 2004 when Merck pulled Vioxx from the market based upon a study from Kaiser Permanente. - a hospital / insurance system. "The study, an analysis of a database of 1.4 million Kaiser Permanente members, found that those who took Vioxx were more likely to suffer a heart attack or sudden cardiac death than those who took Celebrex, Vioxx's main rival. " Since that time most major insurance companies, health care manufacturers s and hospital systems have created departments to study this type of data. _URL_0_', "Simply put, if you have enough data you can start to analyze and pinpoint trends. Say for example *purely hypothetically* that with enough data, doctors/researchers find out from analyzing millions of data points that a combination of symptoms -- a rise in blood pressure here, a slight drop in average body temperature there, and slight headaches in the morning become an indicator of some early stage cancer. Of course they would have to do lots of analysis and take new data to keep getting more accurate conclusions, but say something like that comes about. It's entirely possible. In a different field but related by the concept, retail stores can often have scary-accurate analysis of their customers. For example, the retailer Target recently came under scrutiny because [they found out a teen girl was pregnant before her father knew]. This was simply the product of vasts amount of shopper data and the analysis to go along with it. We're probably still a ways out from new breakthrough diagnostic indicators, but with enough time it's possible.
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What's the difference between Muslim and Islamic?
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Islam is the religion and Islamic means related to Islam. Muslims are worshipers of the Islam religion So Islam would be similar to Christianity as Muslim would be similar to Christian', "Mostly, the two words are interchangeable, except with regards to people. **Interchangeable example:** - The archaeologists unearthed some early Muslim artifacts. - The archaeologists unearthed some early Islamic artifacts. **Not interchangeable example:** - The worshippers at the mosque are Muslim. - The worshippers at the mosque are Islamic. In the second example, it's not that it's *wrong*, it's just not the word that tends to be used to talk about members of Islam. It's much like the difference between Jewish and Judaic. Edit: formatting
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How does SIDS work?
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Typically, there is not anything obviously wrong physiologically with an infant who died of SIDS. That's basically part of the definition - SIDS is the diagnosis when no one can figure out a reason for the infant to have died. The exact cause is still unknown and there might be a variety of causes. There has been a lot of speculation. One reasonable speculation that I have read is that the part of the brain that tells you to move when you aren't getting enough oxygen isn't working properly in children who die of SIDS, so, for example, they end up with their face pressed against the mattress while sleeping, don't get enough oxygen, but don't change position the way another infant would, and smother as a result. This ties in fairly well with the fact that SIDS almost never occurs in children more than a year old - the idea being that the part of the brain in question either develops fully in that time or its function is taken over by another part of the brain. Again, that's just a speculation that has been put forward by some members of the medical community, there is no conclusive evidence that is the actual cause of SIDS. The actual cause is still unknown, although risk factors have been identified.
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How do sweets create cavities?
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Sweets contain glucose and the bacteria in your mouth digest the glucose and produce acid. The acid eats through the enamel and then you get cavities.
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Why is it that ill have a tone in my head and then when I try and hum or sing it, it comes out completely wrong?
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There's a chance you're tone deaf, but there's also a chance you'll manage with training. Tone deafness appears to be caused by some fault in the brain .
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How come almost everyone trusts their government blindly?
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Really? Do they? Any time there is an election, people arrive in droves to either keep their party in or vote them out. Even if they get to stay in, there is still a vast number of people who voted against them. Doesn't that imply there is a huge percentage of the population who *don't* trust them? Also just because you've voted *for* a party, doesn't mean you trust them either!
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If a high protein and heavy resistance training is the key to putting on muscle, how do horses and other animals do it ?
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Grain has a lot of carbs, but it also has an appreciable amount of protein. It's actually not too uncommon for human weightlifters to eat more cabs than protein, as well. Since horses evolved as herbivores, I don't know that they would be able to digest those high protein sources properly. Also, while they aren't traditional resistance training, a lot of power can be developed by jumping and sprinting. Since horses are really heavy, a lot of muscle is required to do these things.
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How does charcoal mellow whiskey?
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It's very similar to a Brita water filter . Activated charcoal has enormous surface area for its weight, and it's mostly made up of carbon atoms. Carbon adsorbs many materials quite well, but especially other carbon chemicals. Since most of the unpleasant chemicals found in alcohol are carbon based chemicals, charcoal works very well as a filter for distilled alcoholic beverages. It's popular among penny pinchers to get a similar effect by running cheap vodka through a Brita filter.
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How does the information travel through cords to make sound on speakers?
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As electrical voltages and currents. If you put a 1 kHz AC current on the wire, it causes the speaker to move at 1 kHz, which causes the air to move at 1 kHz, which makes you hear a 1 kHz tone. To play more complex sounds, you just put a more complex electrical current on the wire that matches the shape of the sound.
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When I ssh from one computer to another, what is actually happening?
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SSH is sort of a "Command/Text" version of Remote Desktop, allowing you to make a tunnel connecting to your computer, and log in to it and run commands. After both machines connect successfully , the sshd process on the remote computer connects to a new TTy socket, and runs whatever commands it should run . All standard output from the remote machine is transferred by the SSH server trough the tunnel onto the client and displayed to you, sort of like a terminal emulator. All standard input is sent back the same way. Of course, since SSH transfers data between the remote and local machine, it can also act to transfer files and webpages .An encrypted channel is set up between you and the server using public key encryption, and when this channel is established you're usually presented with an interface to the standard login system offered by the computer the SSH server you contacted runs on. After that it's all pretty much identical to if you had sat down at the remote machine physically and logged in - you have all the same permissions and abilities, it's just that instead of interacting with the remote machine through normal hardware you've now put an encrypted connection between you and the server.
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What happens if an astronaut working on the exterior of the space station happens to lose grip on whatever they're holding on to?
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This is why they tether themselves. If they were untethered and drifted out of reach of the station then not all would be lost, though. Many EVA suits include small thrusters that the astronaut can use to maneuver around. These could be used to push them back towards the ship. Alternatively, if desperate, they could throw a tool away from the station which would push them back towards it. If that fails then another astronaut could be sent to rescue them using a longer tether or conceivably even by taking another craft that was intended for return to the ground . Ultimately it's a much more forgiving scenario than falling just out of arm's reach when untethered on the top of a tall building that's under construction.
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what are the ways in which money can be pumped into the economy (by Govt.)?
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Public works projects are a great tool to re-distribute money into the local economy. It uses taxpayer dollars to fund construction projects across the country. It makes the infrastructure strong as well as providing jobs and work experience to the masses. The Hoover Dam was created doing this. The good thing about this too is afterwords the work still stays around. Road improvement, building important public buildings, schools, firehouses, post offices, police stations1. Increased spending on anything.2. Decreased taxes, so that others have more money to spend.3. Reduced interest rates, so that borrowing of money will increase .4. Looser banking regulations, for the same purpose.
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If "Ren and Stimpy" was geared towards adults, why was it on Nickelodeon?
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Because no 'adult' stations would pick it up, so they cleaned it up and pitched it as a kids show. I think the same thing happened with spongebob
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What Obama Just Said, Explained
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"Our government will be spending less" We should include here that Keynesian economics recommend *increasing* spending in a recession. So while we will be helping lessen our debt, this might not be the best time to do so.He said that domestic spending will be the lowest it's been since Eisenhower. Does that mean social programs/infrastructure/etc. are going to take a big hit?", 'What are "the rich" paying right now, as a percentage of their new income vs what a lower- or middle-class person does? On average, assume no head of household or other exemptionsAre the details out on this "super-committee" yet? Can someone explain that? Because it sounds pretty unconstitutional, can they really just get a group of 12 old white men together to bypass the entire political process and do whatever they want with the budget?How is cutting budgets over 10 yrs going to help your country pay bills in 2 days?Judging by these responses, five-year-olds must all be political wonks with economics degrees these days. With a swearing problem. This subreddit has gone off the rails before it even got started.Does this mean the USD won't keep falling? or is it going to be decided when monday comes?", 'What are "the rich" paying right now, as a percentage of their gross income vs what a lower- or middle-class person does? On average, assume no head of household or other exemptionsAnd of course, no ending tax cuts for the extremely wealthy. Or, explained like you're five, "Suck a big elephant dick, common man. Signed, the right wing."> A committee will be made which needs to plan more cuts by November. So we have another media panic in November ', "I really wish they wouldn't have cut education.
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Why does mental illness seem more common today?
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Because gradually people are becoming more open and accepting of discussing mental illness, so it seems more common when the general population assess their own mental state in a more open minded manner. It has always been this common, but people didn't talk about it.Because people take it more seriously. Just like there are "transexuals everywhere", because they can be themselves now. Or like there were "homosexuals everywhere", turns out if you ignore/not know about something for a long time, but you suddenly do, you will be overwhelmed by how present it always wasSocial Stigma. This was a chief reason that autism rates have skyrocketed, in particular. It’s not that there’s *more* autistics, but rather people don’t feel publicly shamed for either being autistic or their children being autistic. Medical science advancing does mean that they can be managed, but stricter diagnoses mean that doctors have more concrete numbers, rather than “mentally handicapped” categories.More people get checkups without their surrounding thinking they're insane by default, a lot is easier to diagnose and treat too
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Some terms about sustainble development.
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> Ecological footprint How large an area you need to give humans a certain level of comfort, and still allowing the earth to regenerate. It's measured by the amount of land required to make everything you consume, as well as handling the waste. We currently use about 1.5 times the area of the world, so the earth isn't fully recuperating. > Ecosystems services The jobs nature does for us. This include things like taking care of waste, cleaning water, crop pollination. > Resilience How much an ecosystem can handle. Some systems are fragile and will quickly die if the temperature changes, or a fire happens. Some will handle mostly anything. > Planetary boundaries The limits to what the earth can handle. A set of limits for temperature, acidity, bio-diversity loss, etc. > Tipping point One the world reach this point changes will happen fast. The points are of course defined by the planetary boundaries. > Feedback effect It get's hot, so we end up with more desert. In the desert nothing grows, so we end up less CO2 eating vegetation. There are lots of feedback effects, both good and bad . > Rebound effect When we get get better technology, we start using it more. This is the rebound effect. E.g. we get a new motor with 5% better fuel efficiency. But since they save money on fuel, people drive more. So the reduction in fuel use is only 2%. Then we have a 60% rebound effect > Backfire effect If the rebound effects are higher than 100% you have a backfire effect. > Biodiversity The diversity of lifeforms in an area . It's a high diversity is a sign of a healthy system.
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Are humans inherently built to form a two pyramid social hierarchy (less people at the top, less resources at the bottom), or is it just a consequence of historical events?
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I think it's just human nature, once the most powerful people in a group don't know everyone in the group personally anymore, it becomes easier to fuck them over for their own benefit. Bands tend to be more collectivist, with perhaps a "big man" leading, but as the group gets larger into tribes which could be several small groups tied together of hundreds of people and then chiefdoms which could be thousands of people across large areas, finally culminating in large modern states of millions, with massive inequality and a chosen few directing from the top. All this is my understanding of groups from the writings of Jared Diamond. We can see our own self-interest more easily when the guy were stealing from is just a number rather than your wife's brother.
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$19 trillion deficit in federal budget.
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The federal deficit is the difference between the amount of money the government receives and and the amount it spends. In 2015, that is $583 billion dollars; and it is projected to be $474 billion dollars in 2016. $19 trillion is much closer to the US National Debt, which is currently about $18.3 trillion dollars. The National Debt is the total of all the outstanding financial obligations of the federal government . There have been various attempts to propose legislation and even constitutional amendments to force a balanced budget, but none have succeeded. Republicans and Democrats both agree that the debt needs to be capped or lessened -- with Republicans generally favoring a balanced budget with exceptions for military spending, and Democrats favoring setting limits on the national debt based on GDP . It's a subtle difference. The only time the US has had an budget surplus since Nixon was during Bill Clinton's term. The largest budget deficits in the nation's history were during George W. Bush's term. Among economists, there's actually a debate on whether or not a deficit budget or large debt are bad, noting that the considerations of a state are different than a person or household. The state makes it's own currency and it's individuals operating within the state's domain use it - a much different situation.
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What happens if you are morbidly obese (1000 pounds) and starve yourself?
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There was a study where a man who was morbidly obese took supplements and didn't eat for a very long time. He eventually got skinny, then died in his 40s. Moral being proper diet and exercise is the better route
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How does newly minted currency enter circulation?
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They send them to banks and major companies, banks stop giving out old currency , over time, the new currency will be passed about so much that it's just part of the system
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What happens to Greece now that the bailout extension has been denied?
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The party currently in power promised end the austerity measured imposed on it by the EU, and it promised it would no leave the euro. It will have to break one of those promises. Note that Greece has always had the option to honor the existing deal, and get additional bailout money. They current gov't doesn't want to, because they feel that honoring validates it, and it breaks the main promise they used to get elected.
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How does a dam decrease water flow downstream if it does not take away any water?
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The decrease of water flow isn't the problem. The problem is that it's not a consistent flow anymore.[Here] you can read about it.
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How do poor people *legally* immigrate to the United States?
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[This image goes into some detail about it] Essentially if you don't have family here, and you're not skilled it's essentially impossible to become a citizen, barring something like being granted refugee status.
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Why do more serious wounds, like surgery wounds have drainage durring the healing process?
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It is a deep wound. This is not the same as most wounds we get which are surface wounds without a push, non penetrating wounds. Of course we can imagine many accidental wounds which are penetrating, or non accidental such as being stuck with a shiv multiple times. But the majority of accidental wounds are skin punctures. There is a healing process. At first their is a very deep cut which disrupts all manner of things such as the normal drainage of fluid from an area. There is a normal drainage, very low pressure, which gets fluid away from tissue. The normal pattern is: arterial pressure, oxygenated blood coming from the heart, highest pressure, venous drainage system, blood returning to the heart, much lower pressure, lymphatic system, almost no pressure, interstitial fluid, this will drain to cells which will pump it back into the venous system, may drain from muscles and other tissues to cells which specialize in pumping. This is all disrupted by the wound. So surgeons leave a drain in place. The living cells start to organize and repair. They remove dead cell structures and start to knit together. They form adhesions and scar tissue. But this is more than a few days after surgery. Before that the drain helps. Surgeons can actually have the equivalent of an IV, it is not an IV because the flow is not into a vein, into the wound or into the dressing. A sterile flow of fluid helps keep away wound infectionsThe drainage is dead white blood cells and dead bacteria. Having to drain a wound is more about how deep and enclosed it is. When you scrape your knee, the wound is on the surface so the drainage can easily flow out. With a deeper wound, the drainage has nowhere to go, so it builds up and causes other problems, especially since it can serve as a conduit to some of the still living bacteria.
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Why is the male crotch's color a little different from the rest of the body?
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Male genitalia - and the pubic area in general - have a higher concentration of the pigment melanin than the rest of the body. This accounts for a darker color.[Here's] an older thread. And it's not just males.ELI5 why is my crotch the same color as the rest of my body?
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How is it No purchase necessary on those boxes you must open to win?
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Generally, there is a mail-in or online method to enter the contest, sweepstakes, or giveaway. Read the fine print on the box, and there is usually a brief description of how to enter without a purchase. If it's not there, sometimes they put it inside the box , or just have the information on their website or available via a telephone number. Usually they make the rules for non-purchase entry very convoluted or difficult, with very specific instructions .I believe you can register for a game piece online or mail in a request for a piece. That being said, some do make it extremely difficult, or at least more difficult than simply buying the item with the game piece, code, etc. Additional info: _URL_0_
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how can BP pay a ~$20bn USD fine if their annual profit is only ~$4 bn USD?
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The simple answer is that BP has $32 Billion in cash and short term investments on hand to pay off the $20 Billion it owes. Also possible that BP will pay some fraction of the total amount it owes each quarter or each year for the next decade or two.
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Why does Soda cost so much less than water?
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Does it? I get water out of my tap for about 700 gallons for a dollar. Bottled water is more expensive because it's been found that people are willing to pay that much for convenience, but water itself is quite cheap in the US at least.Because you already have extraordinarily-cheap tap water, so the bottled stuff has to be marketed as being "better" or "more pure" than the stuff you already have access to for pennies, thus justifying the higher price. By contrast, there's really no cheap/premium divide among sodas.
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How much more light we will get if the moon is coated in mirror-like surfaces ?
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About eight times as much. The reflectivity of astronomical bodies is called albedo. An albedo of 0 means the object reflects no light, and 1 means it reflects all light. The moon's albedo is 0.12, meaning it reflects about one eighth of the light that hits it.This video by Vsauce explains exactly what you are asking, and in a very entertaining way. _URL_0_', "Like a disco ball? Most of the time, you wouldn't see the Moon at all. And sometimes, you'd see a bright flash of light. So, normally you have a diffusely reflecting Moon, where incoming sunlight scatters all over the place. This is why you can see the Moon anywhere, as long as it's lit. If you coat Moon with mirrors, then the reflection type changes to specular. So now it reflects a lot, but only in one direction. And at 384 000 km distance, it's really easy to miss that reflection.Because the moon is not flat, it would not be like having another Sun in the sky: at full moon conditions, it would appear as a very bright point much smaller than the moon.
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why is it that sometimes in the city I live in I see pigeons with toes missing or just swollen knobs for feet quite frequently?
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Pigeons in cities are in contact with a lot of dirt and bacteria from litter and such. As a result they often succumb to infections which rot their feet _URL_0_They can also get their feet tangled in things like fishing lines, cutting off the circulation and damaging their feet
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Do people of a darker skin complexion attract more sunlight and because of that are hotter outside in the sun?
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Technically, yes. Melanin is the pigment that gives people a darker complexion, and therefore absorbs more heat. This might seem counterintuitive, but ultimately, the heat is not the damaging factor here, UV is. Melanin helps to dissipate UV radiation, thereby helping prevent skin cancers. Its production is stimulated by the UV radiation from the sun. So yeah, if you get darker you do get hotter, but you're protected better from the more dangerous UV radiation.
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Why doesn't Cypress export its oil to "keep their heads above water"
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Cyrpus didn't seize money, the EU suggested they do that and they voted not to do it. They don't have oil to export, at least not yet. > Even if they dont have the technology or infrastructure, it seems that you could leverage a loan based on future oil sales. This is exactly what's being proposed, but like in most cases if you're desperate to sell you're more likely to be getting a bad deal. They are afraid of giving up long term future economic strength for what amounts to a handful of billion dollars today.
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If a human traveled at the speed of light, would they die instantly? If so how fast can a body like a human or animal travel before they get destroyed?
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Nothing made of matter can travel at light speed. Full stop. However, we could conceivably get close with no issues, so long as you didn't accelerate too quickly for the human body to survive. Edit: or run into anything, but given that space is quite empty
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Why does the United States military have bases in other countries but other countries don't have bases in the United States? What are the odds of another country putting a base in the US?
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A lot of countries host bases for other countries. There are a few advantages to this. First - Base leases usually come with money. Most countries like to have money come in. Second - Base leases usually come with favors or otherwise improve relationships between the countries. Want to influence a powerful country? Hosting one of their bases is a good way to do it. Third - Bases provide defense. Maybe the local warlords don't think much of podunksylvania. But they might take you more seriously if you host some major foreign forces. The US doesn't host much in the way of foreign forces because none of those things are terribly important to them. The US pretty much exclusively plays the role of patron rather than client. The US does host some small numbers of foreign forces, but only for the purposes of training. The US would probably not be happy hosting any of the countries with global aspirations, because they are exactly the countries they would be the most concerned about attacking the US.
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Why does commercial real estate stay vacant when they could just lower the price of rent?
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Commercial real estate often deals with long-term leases - 5 years rather than the 6-12mo leases you see with residential. There is often a significant amount of work that will be done, often by the land lord, customizing the space for the needs of a new client. Also, in business, you seldom want to deal with the customer that insists on the cheapest price. They're generally entitled pains in the ass that start expecting every last thing for free. Not to mention that a business that's got a problem with a few hundred dollars per month in rent doesn't appear to be on sound footing - no property owner wants to have a tenant go out of business half way through a 5 year lease, leaving the property owner to clean up all the mess.
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Why does "End Now" rarely work?
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"End now" is basically the same thing as trying to close the program by clicking the "X" in the top corner. It's the operating system sending a message to the program that says "hey, stop what you're doing please." If the program's already frozen, that means it's not taking any commands. It's caught in some sort of issue where it doesn't know what to do. So, sending it a command saying "hey, close down" doesn't get followed because it's not responding correctly anyway. When you go into Task Manager and say "end process," it's a command to the operating system. It basically says "take away whatever memory's being allocated to this program," and the program has no choice but to die. It's like if a kid is painting on the wall, and you tell him to stop, he may or may not. He's already ignoring what you're telling him to do, so it's not likely that he'll listen. If you take away the paint, though, he doesn't really have a choice.There are threads in many programs that can't be shut down immediately, because they aren't listening for a shutdown order. When you hit End Now, it sends a shutdown order to all threads of the program, but sometimes it takes a while for all of the threads to get that order and shutdown. If the program isn't responding because of an infinite loop, then the thread will never get that order. if you go to the task manager and look under the processes tab, you can tell it to kill the process associated with the program, which will destroy the threads by deallocating their resources rather than telling them to shut down.
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Why does CISPA keep coming back?
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It only takes a single Congressperson to introduce a bill. There's no reason to believe that CISPA is going to go anywhere, but there's no way to stop one of the 425 members of the House of Representatives from introducing it.Because the companies behind the bill very much want to see it happen so they have no reason to not keep submitting it.Because the congresscritter's bosses keep telling them to introduce the bill. It's kind of telemarketing calls. Just because the person makes farting noises on the other end of the line and then slams the phone down doesn't mean that you stop trying to get him to try the new RonCo reticulating reticulator for the low low price of ninety nine ninety nine ninety nine. If you stop, your boss will fire you. What do you think happens to a congresscritter if they don't follow orders? They get fired and replaced by someone from the Tea Party.
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How do you reverse engineer the ingredients of a chemical formula?
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Well, you can use a gas chromatograph to measure the different elements and ions in the mystery substance. That's not totally enough information, so then you 'd have to look at how those "lego blocks" might be arranged in a stable molecule. Sometimes there are a couple of possibilities. When you get it down to a list of possibilities you can define specific tests to measure A vs B and then C vs D and then A vs C to boil it down to an answerJust did a lab where I had to do this. Basically, I first had to identify what my substance contains. Iron? Copper? Salt? Etc. then, I needed to identify what possible reactions could produce the substance. Usually, we are given constraints to narrow down possibilities. In my lab, I had two blue paints and a white paint that were known to contain parts of the substance I was reverse engineering. Knowing that, I could take a list of possible reactions, compare with what’s logical with the constraint, and determine how the reaction took place, or even what the hell the substance is, if given other information instead. In a nutshell, without sophisticated technology, it’s a lot of guess and check.
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Why are we adverse to rats?
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Where there are people, there are rats. Where there is waste, there are more rats. While rats are fairly clean animals, they are often seen searching through waste for either food, or a place to live. As a result people often associate them with filth. After the Plague the association between Rats, Death & Disease strengthened. Here are two good books on the subject of rats, how we view them, and how we are key in their presence among us: [Rats] by Robert Sullivan, & [Rats, Lice and History] by Hans Zinsser.
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Why does the giant ice cube in my cocktail melt at a nonuniform rate?
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The ice probably has air in it, even if it is pockets smaller than a bubble and therefore hard to see.
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If espresso is essentially concentrated coffee why is it less acidic?
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The resulting liquid has much less time to absorb any acidity from the grounds. Since you are sending pressurized steam through the grounds instead of just letting hot water drip through them, it results in a less acidic brew
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If a bedroom has a 60 watt lightbulb and one of the walls is a full-length mirror, does the reflection become like a 2nd 60 watt bulb?
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No the light of the lamp goes in all directionsThe reflection on the mirror is just a fraction of the light from the original light source
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why do the progressive states keep middle/southern america around?
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There does not exist any sort of way to "ditch" states. We even fought a civil war, at great cost of life, to prevent it from happening. The only way to make it possible for a state to leave the union would be to pass a constitutional amendment, which would require 75% of the states to agree to it. And trust me, that's just not going to happen. Also: > Coastal states and cities drive the economy and support the barren expanses of the south and rural america Those "barren" expanses provide almost all of the country's food.Each State in the Union is a sovereign entity that only gives up part of their sovereignty. You cannot get rid of another State because of that. There is also no legal way for a State to leave the Union. We went to war over this a century and a half ago. As for what you get from other States. You get the protection of the joint military, you get the science funding of federal programs, you get their citizenry as customers for your State's goods, you buy products made in their States, food grown in other states, NASA, etc. California specifically gets 1/3-1/2 of its power from other States. In fact a few years ago it was having such a power crisis that it was getting most of its power from out of state for a while. While california grows a lot of vegetables most meat is raised in the plains States and Texas, . Also 90% of the water that you use for crops is water you have no right to. That water is from Lake Mead that is between Arizona and Nevada. You are entitled to the natural flow rate of the Colorado river, not the massively amplified flow rate that the reservoir provides. So without the rest of the US you would not get funding for your scientific research, and you would not be able to grow your crops which together make up more than 70% of your economy.
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How does stainless steel remove smell of garlic off your hands?
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The volatile compounds that cause the smell in garlic, onions, etc. are sulfur-based. Most stainless steel in kitchens contains chromium. The chromium oxide attracts the sulfur molecule and draws it off of your skin
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ELI5: Why does Windows let me in instantly if I enter my password correctly, but take anywhere from ten seconds to a full minute to recognize when I type it incorrectly?
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This is actually done on purpose. The computer knows right away that the password is wrong, but it forces a waiting period before allowing you to try again to prevent someone from being able to sit at your computer and rapidy test dozens of different passwords to try to brute-force their way into your accountAs others have said this is a backing off feature to help block folks trying to break in. It increments on some systems. 5 second delay on failure one, 10 second delay on failure 2, etc. After a certain number of failures some systems will enforce a further back off - forcing you to wait N-NN minutes prior to even letting you try again. And finally some systems are configured to lock your account after N-NN numbers of failures. All to help project your account, the other accounts on systems you have access to, and the data resident on your and accessible computers.
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Why does the 5th amendment say that people can't be a witness against themselves in a court of law?
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> Was there a history of asking defendants to testify against themselves? Not so much "asking" as "torturing into confessing." I'll try to dig up an old law review article about it, but that clause was largely created in response to what has been seen as coercive attempts to force people to testify against themselvesWithout this clause, it would be possible for a state prosecution, with no evidence, put you on the stand, and when you refuse to answer, or answer in a manner they believe to be truthful, charge you with perjury, obstruction of justice, and other similar charges It goes back to the Star Chamber used in England during the reigns of the Plantagenets, Tudors, and Stuarts. The Star Chamber basically served as a secret court to prosecute crimes committed by the nobility. Things like forced confessions and prearranged outcomes were common. This is contrary to our modern understanding of due process, which was enshrined in the 5th amendment to protect citizens from the [kangaroo court] proceedings of the Star Chamber. When the American Bill of Rights were drafted, the framers were very mindful of the transgressions of the Star Chamber so they built in protections to prevent those sorts of abuses from happening in the new American republic. [This] article from slate describes the history of the 5th amendment, and the Star Chamber very nicely.It doesn't say you can't be *asked* to do it, just that you can't be *compelled* to do it. You can't be punished for refusing to give evidence. If you could, the authorities could punish you either way. Ten years for murder, or five years for refusing to testify at your murder trial.
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How can hardcore Christians be against both birth control AND abortion when preaching abstinence doesn't work?
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Because how well the policy works doesn't matter to them. Abortion is a sin, contraception is a sin so the only available birth control option without being a sinner is abstinence. The fact that this policy causes a lot of pain and suffering, creates generations of perpetually poor people and that abstinence education doesn't work simply does not matter, because the purpose isn't effective policy, the purpose is to make people not sin.First of all, they aren't against birth control on the whole, only a few types commonly known as "Plan B". Christians believe life begins at conception, and as such, if the sperm meets the egg, then that is considered a living child, and to kill the embryo is the same as an abortion. They are fine with other forms of birth control, such as the daily pill or condoms or whatever. This is what the big issue with Hobby Lobby was.
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Why is radioactive waste such a massive problem? Why can't we just shoot it into space?
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Because there is a lot of waste, space travel is expensive and if a rocket fails you get showered in radioactive waste. Maybe once we have a space elevator installed that would be a viable option.It isn't a real problem. The issue is people not understanding nuclear power and having an irrational fear of anything with the label. We can easily recycle nuclear waste into new, usable fuel. These recyclers can still generate power during the process and also produce many isotopes in the process that we need for medical research and batteries for space probes. We can safely transport the waste to these recycling reactors using the caskets we developed for it with no chance of an issue. But people are stupid and a lot of politicians are equally stupid.Two reasons: cost and risk. The risk part is simply that if something went wrong launching it into space, we could end up detonating a large "dirty bomb" in the upper atmosphere, which could cause massive radioactive pollution of the planet. The cost one is simply that it is very very expensive to launch anything into space, and we would have to ensure that it achieved escape velocity so that it never came back. Anything merely placed into orbit around the planet will eventually fall back to Earth, and we are back to the "dirty bomb" scenario.That would also mean permanently getting rid of something we might have use for in the future. It's still possible science may find a use for even the most radioactive waste and give it enough value to have some merit for recycling or otherwise gathering it up again. /admittedly, this is a bit speculative; I doubt it's part of any specific group's reasoning
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What is so special about kobe beef, and why european or american herds can't produce it?
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Just like there are different breeds of dogs, there are different breeds of cows. Kobe beef comes from a Wagyu cow. European or American farms can't produce it because Kobe beef comes from Kobe. If it doesn't come from Kobe, it's not Kobe beef. Same thing applies to Champagne. Champagne is a region in France. Sparkling wine from other regions is simply called "sparkling wine". Also similar is Scotch. If it's not from Scotland, it can't be called scotch. Other places produce the exact same thing, but they call it whiskey or bourbon. American and European farms DO produce beef from Wagyu cows. But they can't call it Kobe beef because it's not from Kobe, so they call it Wagyu beef. Wagyu cows are known for high amount of marbling on the meatKobe beef is a specific breed of cow raised in a specific way in a specific part of japan. If you took the same breed of cow and raised it the same way in america you probably couldn't tell the difference, but you also couldn't call it "kobe"', "Kobe is a regional appelation, so you can't get Kobe beef from the US, just like you can't get Bordeaux from Spain or Camembert from Brazil.
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Can foreign corporations and individuals spend money in US elections (PACs/advertising)?
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Strictly speaking, no, they're not allowed to. However, there's the potential for foreign money to be funneled through a shell corporation organized in the US to a nonprofit, which would mask the source of the money. The courts have basically said that that's consistent with provisions which disallow non-citizens from other form forms of political participation - voting, holding office, etc.
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Why do credit card companies that offer those "5% cash back" deals that require users to activate a different category each quarter need to be so secretive/mysterious what the future categories are?
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The idea of those promotions is to get you to put more money on your credit card - you're supposed to think "Ooh, I can save money on *x*, but I 'd better buy it now!" If they announce those promotions in advance, it encourages you to put off purchases instead, which is the opposite effect of what they want.Probably to keep people from gaming the system by planning large purchases around upcoming deals. If people know what's coming, they can take advantage of the program and the credit card company would lose than they'd like.
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Explain to me what reverse racism is, LI5
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Racism is preferential treatment based on race, typically by a majority against a minority. Reverse racism is preferential treatment based on race, by a majority against *in favor* of a minority, to avoid the appearance of regular racism. For example, let's say two people are up for a promition, a white guy with 10 years experience, top rated performance reviews and several industry certifications, and a black guy with 2 years of experience and average performance reviews, and missing key certifications. The company is currently being sued for discrimination in an unrelated case, so they promote the black guy to give the appearance of being more inclusive. In this case the white guy would be a victim of reverse discrimination, and may have grounds for legal action.
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How did we go about laying all of the underwater cables for the internet? Are they laying on the ocean floors or are they floating in the water?
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Giant spools are laid doing using boats starting from each end point and meeting at some specified destination. The cables are dug a few feet under the sand. Here's a good Gif showing how it's done. _URL_0_
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How does a “power nap” give you more energy than waking up slightly later?
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I think a lot of people forgot the ELI5 here. I'll try my best to make this understandable: When you go to sleep you go through different stages of sleep. The first ones clean out your brain a tad bit, making you have less of the hormones which makes you sleepy. The next stage makes you fall In a deeper sleep, where you get more of these sleep hormones. If you're awoken in this part, you'll likely fall asleep a couple of seconds after waking up, like if you fall down from your bed in the middle of the night and you go back up into your bed and forgets about it. If you sleep for an entire cycle, your brain will have gotten in and out of these cycles a couple of times, and It will have cleaned up all the trash which isn't cleaned away during day time. If you just take 30 minute naps, you will not be in the second state, and you will feel less tired. It's important to sleep through the entire sleep cycle, as your brain needs cleaning. You usually wake up naturally after a cycle, but you can wake up earlier and still feel good as new if you use sun light to make the sleep go faster So in short: power naps removes what makes you tired, but doesn't make you well rested!
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Why does a small dome light drain a huge car battery over night, yet a couple of AAAs can power a significantly more powerful, non-LED headlamp for days?
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A car starter motor takes a lot of power. It has to turn over the engine enough times to cycle every piston and try to start each spark plug firing properly. You can leave a light on in your car for a day or two, but it'll drain the battery down too much to have enough power to turn the engine over. Plus you have to remember that cars use old incandescent bulbs, and that's many times the power requirement of an LED. Plus think how big an area a car light can illuminate.
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How is it that we can drink a lot of liquid and still be dehydrated?
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You have this hormone called anti diuretic hormone that binds to a certain part of your nephrons in your kidneys. ADH enables your kidneys to reabsorb more water as opposed to keeping it filtered and headed toward the bladder. Those beverages block ADH and that extra water is not absorbed thus you are peeing more and are more likely to be dehydrated.That's a pretty common misconception, at least for coffee. Caffeine is a diuretic, yes, but there isn't enough of it in a cup of coffee to offset the amount of water. Drinking coffee, unless you slam espresso shots, will hydrate you. It will just hydrate you less than a cup of water of equal volume.
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How do elevator systems determine which elevator to send when there are multiple that are equidistant away?
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The scheduler will find all elevators that are idle or moving in the proper direction already. From there, it will score them for which one should go. The score is going to be mostly distance based, but it could also be programmed to favour an elevator in motion. It may also factor in some sort of 'wear and tear' factor so that elevators tend to do the same amount of work. Programmers wouldn't really handle a 'tie' scenario. Instead, the easiest way to do this is to just iterate through the list, holding an elevator and comparing it. If you find one that is lower score, you hold onto that one as you continue through the list. There's no specific handling for a tie, it just works because you're not checking for less than or equals, just less than.
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Why can hunters kill bucks freely but require a permit to shoot does?
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Well, I'm not sure you can hunt anything without a permit, but let's put that aside. They don't release permits for female deer, as they are critical in breeding, and it's a 1 to 1 relationship. ie: for every 1 new dear, it needs it's own mom. A buck can mate with many does, so if there are fewer bucks the population won't suffer; the bucks that make it through hunting season are swimming in elk ass. It goes back to K vs R strategies for populations; but that's kind of above a 5 year old's head.. Edit: I swear this thread was empty when I posted. :/
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Following on from the blood type question, please ELI5 whether there's any truth to the theory that different blood types should eat different foods.
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No. Food you ingest is broken down to components way before it comes into contact with your bloodstream. Even then, blood only carries it to target cells and the antibodies on the red blood cells have nothing to do with food components such as glucose molecules . Those molecules are in your blood just for the ride - to be caught by cells that need energy. This is the case with all those components. So as long as you eat a normal sized dish of balanced diet and aren't full vegan you WILL be healthy regardless of your blood type. Source: 1,3 years of med school
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How does having a higher than normal blood-alcohol content level impact what kind of medical care a person gets when they have a serious injury or medical emergency?
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Alcohol is technically a poison, and has a lot of different effects depending on time of exposure. Immediate alcohol poisoning is one issue, long term alcohol abuse has others. Some immediate effects are:- thinned blood: Your blood flows more easily and will clot slower. Doctors will therefore be more cautious with surgery - increased liver and kidney demand: Your body tries to dilute and process alcohol to negate its effects on the body. This is why you pee a lot and also why you should not take tylenol or simple painkillers with drinking. Tylenol also puts pressure on your liver and kidney to process. Too much pressure will cause serious damage to both organs. I'm sure there are other, especially relating to the heart, but those are probably the two most common.
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Why is it that most if not all torrents for major games are no longer on popular torrent websites after only a few months of release?
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Honestly, your not looking hard enough. A quick search on TPB turned up what your friend was looking for. For brand new games they need to be cracked first. That usually happens pretty quick. But once a developer sees it up their going to find a way to bring it down. Or set up a nice honey pot. Not all developers are like this. Not all developers even care their game is going to be pirated. Most have accepted the fact that if someone wants it, their gonna get it. Plus heavy DRM is hurtful to your actual customers in different ways.Because while torrenting itself is legal, most of it's contents are illegal. Illegal stuff gets taken down soon after it's uploaded . this applies for copyrighted things on youtube as well.Kickass, and some other torrent sites, honor DMCA takedown requests from copyright owners. This means that while anyone can share MGS:V, once the copyright holder asks for it to be removed, it is no longer available. Tell your friend about bitsnoop or torrentproject, which searches TPB and over 300 other trackers . TPB has never honored DMCA takedown requests, and often made fun of them publicly on their site, but most piratebay mirrors use an old database of torrents, so a lot of new content is missing. WARNING: While private trackers, and even higher-quality public trackers like kickass have decent quality screening and reviews, using a tracker search engine like the one I mentioned means that you lose any moderation of content. Always check private trackers, and good quality public trackers first, as torrents with viruses are usually removed, while tracker search engines are not moderated for false files and viruses.
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Why does hydrogen peroxide make your skin itchy?
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Hydrogen peroxide is quite a reactive molecule, commonly used as a disinfectant in low concentrations for cuts as it kills bacteria. It is also a really good bleaching agent. Unfortunately, hydrogen peroxide will also react with skin, especially in higher concentrations and can cause unwanted reactions. When these unwanted reactions occur, your body will initiate a response to repair the damage, which has a side effect of itchiness at the site of exposure.
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Why people get happy when there is water on another planet, isn't it possible that aliens could live without water?
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We can divide up all possible life into two categories: life that needs water, and life that does not need water. We know the first group exists, because we, and all other life on earth, are part of that group. The existence of the second group is pure speculation. So while no one denies the possibility of the second group, it makes a whole lot of sense to focus on looking for the type that we know CAN exist.Life **as we know it** is much much more likely in the presence of water. Could life exist that is nothing like what we know? Sure it could but we wouldn't know what to look for, and might not even recognize it as life if we found it. So we use life as we know it as a criteria for what to look for which increases the likelihood of actually finding it. Otherwise we'd just be fumbling around in the dark with no search criteria and no clue if we'd found anything.
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How does radiation work? What is it that kills you?
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Think of it as a machine gun shooting through you. The bullets are so small they go through the cell membrane and rip your DNA apart.
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Why does a dehydrated brain cause a headache?
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Your body is filled with veins and arteries, including your brain. These veins and arteries can get wider or thinner depending on what’s going on . If you have WAY too little water, the veins and arteries shrink so much that your brain shrinks, and tugs on your skull. Source: google why dehydration headache, website medicalnewstodayYour brain floats inside your skull in a liquid that fills your skull . This keeps it from bumping into the inside of your skull. If there is not enough fluid then your brain, which is pretty fragile, will get banged around and that will lead to the headache. If there is too much fluid, that can put pressure on your brain that is just as dangerous. You need the right amount at all timesYour brain has no pain receptors. Therefore, the pain you feel from dehydration is most likely your muscles aching behind your eyes and around your temples.
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why does store bought child cut turkey taste so different from thanksgiving turkey?
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Deli meats are made by taking the meat and mashing it up, adding spices and squeezing it into a tube shape. So the meat texture is going to be quite a bit different then cutting it right off the bird. And the flavour largely comes from the spices and cooking technique not the meat itself. _URL_0URL_1_
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Why is it that food has to be refrigerated to keep it from germs, but if our body catches a cold it gets germs?
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When our bodies get cold, our immune systems get weaker. So cold viruses have a better chance of infecting us . As for food, bacteria tends to breed best between 40-140°F . So it's best to keep food below 40°F
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How understanding some basic psychology and realizing the subconscious reasons behind your thoughts influences what you think
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Probably depends on the person. For some people, recognizing that you are embedded within physics and biology, that you have the psychological drives that you do because your ancestors were selected by evolution accordingly, can apparently be a real hit to the self-esteem. All your perceptions and thoughts are governed not by objective reality per se, but by survivability and reproductive success. On the other hand — it's also the case that no matter what "weird" facts science comes up with , "it all adds up to normality" as Greg Egan puts it. The fact that you have a scientific, evolutionary explanation for why you love your partner, and what biochemical processes in your brain encode the fact of loving your partner, does not change the fact that you *do* love your partner, that you want to go on loving your partner, etc.
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How did we receive images captured by The Voyager I?
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Radio waves. It sends it by a transmitter and then very big receivers pick it upThere is nothing else out in that direction emitting signals on the wavelengths they are using which makes it fairly simple to talk to space craft. Edit:[relevant link]
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In regards to weight loss, why is it better to mix resistance training with cardio instead of only doing cardio?
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In regards to weightloss gym is grams, what you eat is kilos.If you want to loose weight, eat properly.I do gym 6 times a week, and my proper weight loss didn't start until i get a proper healthy diet. ChickenFishEggsMeatVegestables.WaterNo or little salt.Clean spices.No oils or sauces. I went down 37kgs so far after i stopped fooling myself into just doing weightlifting 1 hour 5 days a week, and started taking what i put in more serious. Not so fond of the word diet anyways, but i couldnt think of the right english word. Its not like a "eat until you loose enough weight then go back to McDonalds" diet, but "what you should eat for rest of life" diet. And have some cheat meals once every few weeks to kickstart your metabolism again. Because it will adjust to what you put in. And in regards to lifting weights will increase weightloss, yes to a certain degree.You will burn more calories because you will gain more muscles.Muscles needs "fuel" to run, the more you have, the more fuel is needed.But also remember that muscles weigh more then fat, so the weight loss itself will not be that massive unless you are 90% bodyfat and are more or less without any musclemass.Logically it looks that way but there is one reason why it wont be counter productive. You can't gain muscle tissue when you're in a caloric deficit. THink of your body like a bank account say you spend/burn 2500 calories in a day but only make/eat 2000 calories in a day. Meaning you're losing 500 calories a day. To gain weight you have to be saving money. To elaborate further. Lifting while doing cardio and fixing your eating habits will cause you to lose fat While maintaining the muscle tissue that you currently have. If you just diet and do cardio you might lose muscle tissue and that will make you burn less calories per day. Hopefully we helped. Bekkenes explaination is good too.
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What would happen if an adult injected themselves with fetal blood?
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What is this question even? If the blood type were compatible, nothing would happen unless the adult needed a blood transfusion. In that case it would help. If the blood type is incompatible, it will reject, and *bad things* happen. Please don't harvest or try to harvest fetal or infant blood. They need it more than you do.No. No it would not heal them fetal blood is just like adult blood with the difference that their blood contains some antibodies of their mothers .
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What is the point of the hymen?
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In females, much of the reproductive system is formed from structures called the Mullerian ducts. Males have these ducts during development, but they eventually atrophy . As a result, males don't have a great example of an equivalent structure. In females, the Mullerian ducts are used to form the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and part of the vagina . The hymen is essentially just a leftover feature from the development of the Mullerian ducts. In other words, it's just a common byproduct of the other stuff in the area being formed. To the best of my knowledge, it doesn't serve much of a purpose.
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How blood is tested to identify the owner, given there are 7 billion potentials.
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You don't really use it to identify the owner, unless you already have their DNA on file. You would generally use it to compare one set of blood to another
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Is there a good reason why we need to wear socks with shoes?
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Reduce friction. Absorb sweat. Keep insides of shoes cleaner, fresher. Adjust fit of loose shoes. I've searched tha seven seas fer an answer. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: why do we wear socks with closed shoes? ] ^1. [ELI5: Why does putting socks, which cover around 5% of my body, make me feel significantly warmer? ] ^1. [Why do we wear socks? ] ^
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