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How do game designers fix glitches in their games when the cause of the glitch makes no sense?
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Debugging is among the hardest parts of programming. Suppose that you have found a glitch. The first thing to do is to figure out under what circumstances the glitch is triggered. In a video game, a glitch might appear in a certain place, after a period of time, when the player has certain equipment, and so forth. A video game studio will have a legion of dedicated testers trained to identify the key components of a bug: - What were you doing before the bug occurred?- What specific action produced the unexpected result?- What result did you expect?- What result occurred? Then, you use your knowledge of the code to figure out what parts of the program contribute to the behavior you expected. One of them is probably doing something wrong. You may use a tool called a "debugger" to peek into the program's internals while it was running. You might write a few conditions and let the debugger notify you if those conditions are violated. Once you 've narrowed it down, you might use the debugger to "step" line-by-line through the program as it is executing, until you see the exact point at which the error originates. Once you 've found the source of the bug, you figure out what that part of the code is supposed to do, and correct it if it's not doing that. It may also be that the flaw is in the interface between different parts – two different areas of the code may have different expectations for how a particular piece of functionality should work. Then, you have have to revise one of them significantly. Once you think you 've fixed it, you send it back to whoever is testing it. They will verify that under the specified conditions, the expected behavior occurs.The cause of glitches is usually some miscalculation on the programmer's part. Fixing the glitch comes down to finding out where this miscalculation is, and fixing it.
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What does each wire in a Cat 5e cable actually represent?
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In 10Base-T, each cable is either data receive or data transmit. Signaling is slightly different in 1000Base-T. The unused pins below are used in PoE implementations. Which color is used for which pin isn't super important--they are more or less arbitrary, as long as pins 1/2, 3/6, 4/5, and 7/8 use the same color pairs, but there are standard terminations that specify which colors are used for which pins. Here are the pin functionalities for each : 1 Data 2 Data 3 Data 4 Unused 5 Unused 6 Data 7 Unused 8 Unused The two standards exist so that crossover cables can be created .[Here is a figure] that shows the wiring. The wires mean different things in 10/100 speeds and the differential signaling of Gigabit ethernet.
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How do showers get dirty if water and soap run through them all the time?
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1) water drops evaporate and the dissolved minerals are left behind2) soap scum is left behind. It sticks to surfaces and doesn't wash off with just water", 'Soap is highly alkaline and shower mold loves to live in alkaline conditions. Shower mold cannot live in pH neutral conditions. There are body washes and shampoos that are pH neutral and if you use them you won't get any black mold grime on your basin, bath or tiles that you have to clean off. These pH neutral gels foam just like regular shower gel/shampoo, but they are trickier to make and you have to look carefully at labelling to find them in the supermarket. The products are often labelled "Grey Water Safe" because you don't want to use regular soap in a grey water system. The result of thriving bacteria in the alkalized water makes the water stink. If you can't find pH neutral products in your supermarket try a health food store or a network marketing chain like Neways. Human skin is naturally slightly more acid than neutral. pH neutral products often make skin \'happier\' than regular soap, which is 100,000 times more alkaline than human skin.you're not cleaning the soap entirely, the soap builds up and creates soap scum. also, minerals from the water build up too. if you throughly rinse the the shower and spray with some cleaner then rinse again, you won't have to clean it as often
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I have always been told that it is bad to go outside in the cold when your body is warm or after exercising or something. if it is true, what actually happens?
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As for general warmth of the body I can't really comment, but based on years of experience with sport it's a huge deal because when you're muscles are warm and fully stretched the cold can shock the muscles and cause them to constrict leading them to be very tight and sore the next day regardless of how well you've stretched. In baseball it's a big issues because the players take the condition of their throwing arm very seriously, which considering its a huge part of the game is understandable. This is why many players will have a cool down routine which often consists of light exercises like throwing a ball while moving closer to their partner, and a light run. After all this is done, they'll most likely wear a jumper to let their bodies cool down even slower to reduce the risk.
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Why is everyone bringing up net neutrality all of a sudden?
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To see this response, please pay $19.95 to upgrade to the Web + Social Sites package. For a total of only $99.95 per month you'll have access to all of your favorite standard sites plus the hottest social sites on the web, including Reddit and Myspace. And don't forget about this month's deal on a streaming pass. For a one time activation fee of $215.49 only $12.95 per gigabyte after that, you can stream data, which means you can use Hulu, Netflix, and play some of the games in our Online Gaming Access Package . Exciting games like Microsoft's Minecraft!", 'Net neutrality means that internet providers cannot chose preference over what/how data is transfered to you. It is an issue because a few months ago, a few ISPs got pissed because netflix was stealing their customers from cable. So , what the isps are trying to do now is make it so they can control both quantity and quality of the content you recieve; i.e charge you a premium for using netflix/reddit/not their preferred sitesTo tack onto this, If ISPs were given this power, would it only affect US citizens or will it spread world wide considering basically all of the popular websites and services are hosted in the states. So would this affect me in Australia?', "There's talk at the FCC of essentially getting rid of it. There's an open comment period going on right now, and as long as that's the case we're mostly safe, but it won't last forever.
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Why does my iPhone say I have 4.4 gigs of memory used in pictures and yet I have no pictures on my phone
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It's photos saved in messages, possibly cached photos. Delete some conversations, or jailbreak your phone, install iCleaner and it will clear ALL that crap out.
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Why is there an increase in the number of insects and other critters in my home in the summer, vs in the winter, shouldn't it be the other way around?
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Because there are more insects. Most insects will hibernate or simply allow most of the species to die off in the winter and let eggs hatch in the spring. In the summer you have all those insects able to live easily and therefore they are growing and creating new colonies and laying more eggs.
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How do Venus flytraps digest pray?
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The head of the flytrap seals itself and essentially becomes a ‘stomach’ of sorts Once the pray is trapped and sealed inside the head, it begins to release enzymes and chemicals which break down the prey and digest the essential nutrients. It can’t always digest everything and often you’ll find parts of insects dropping out after it’s finished eating Mostly the external carapace of the creature which again will eventually break down and add nutrients to the soil around it ☺️
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Since Edward Snowden has been out of the inner circle for so long, how is he still relevant and threatening?
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What I have understood from [Citizenfour] documentary, the information he released wasn't nearly everything he had access to. He simply decided to inform public just about the mass surveillance. Imo the argument that he can't do more damage now is false. Another thing is that he hasn't been charged yet thanks to asylum in Russia.
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How do celebrity's nude photos get "leaked"?
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Modern phones have cloud technology that saves content on servers owned by the provider. Gaining access to an email and password is relatively easy work for a serious hacker and it would be all you need to access those photos on said serversTechnically illiterate people have been conned into believing that "cloud storage" is a GOOD idea, so they hand over all kinds of sensitive data to people they don't know, and who are working for no other reason than to constantly boost profits. In some cases, phones or other devices use cloud storage silently and by default, so your sensitive data is being sent elsewhere without you even knowing about it until it gets leaked. Cloud storage businesses are NOT in business to guard your valuable naked selfies with their very lives, they're in business to make a profit and then make MORE profit next year. So sooner or later, even if they started out with competent tech people and decent security, that will get trimmed as "waste and inefficiency" by some suit who will then get a promotion for juicing up the bottom line. So before long, you 've got bored sys admins there intentionally searching through customer files looking for juicy stuff they can share with their buddies, and some teenage script kiddy will eventually punch through the flimsy security on the system and steal massive amounts of stuff wholesale.With the Fappening, I believe the 'hackers' simply answered the 'forgot password' questions on the iDrive account and were granted access. As a celebrity, they should really know better than to answer these questions truthfully. As someone who works in Network Security, all of my security questions are gibberish and that gives me peace of mind. I'm not important enough for anyone to go mucking about with my accounts, but if they were, they'd have to try a bit harder than that. Good luck out there!
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You know when you crack open an egg to fry and its a double yoker, if that egg had been kept alive and grown would the chicken(s) have been conjoined or...?
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I think this is pretty rare, but it's one possibility for a double-yolked egg.[half-sider parakeet]", 'Correct me if i am wrong:Chickens are constantly laying eggs. Similarly to the way humans reproduce, The eggs first must be fertilized by a Rooster The eggs we eat are unfertilized. So that particular double yolker would never have grown chickens. Had a rooster gotten to that egg first, you may be looking at a set of chicken twins. But i am not qualified to answer that portion of the question. Hope that helps
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Why do our teeth fall out at such a young age and grow back? Wouldn't it be more beneficial for this process to happen at like age 50?
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Evolution doesn't care how long you live; it only cares whether you have children. So no, it would not be more beneficial to wait until age 50 to replace your teeth.
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How can a touchscreen project black in a power saving way (details on the screen inside)?
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An LCD element is made so it is transparent unless you apply a voltage. When you apply a voltage to the element it is going black. It does not take much power to do this as you only need a voltage and no current. The electricity does not pass through the elements but still affects it. You can get window sized LCD elements that runs on tiny solar cellsCan you post some pictures of the device in operation and off? It 'd help. Based on what I think you're describing, LCD screens use a backlit source with chemical "shutters" to block it out.This means they consume the exact same amount of energy if all or none of the pixels are black. It does have efficiency issues, but for brief bursts of use its not that bad.
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Does anyone want to explain the Bohr Model of Hydrogen atom to me?
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De Broglie, a physicist from France, ~~had just discovered~~ was about to discover that particles can be described as waves. The wavelength of a particle is λ=h/p where p is the momentum and h the Plack constant. Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus. But he furthermore proposed, that the matter wave of the electron around the nucleus had to be a standing wave. That means, the circumference of the orbit had to match the wavelength of the particle multiplied by a whole number like [this]. However, this meant, that electrons could not orbit at any arbitrary distance from the nucleus. Rather only distances where this criterion was fulfilled are possible. This is the origin of the discrete Bohr radii and Bohr energy levels. Since the nucleus attracts the electron, it takes energy to lift it into a higher radius. Thus, we can assign energy to each of the possible radii. The SI unit of energy is Joule, so you can describe any given possible orbit by its energy in Joules. eV or electron Volts are just another unit for energy. 1 eV is equal to 1.60218*10^-19 Joules. It is sometimes more useful to use eV instead of Joules, simply because eV are much smaller units. And in particle physics we typically deal with tiny chunks of energyso Bohr suggested that atoms arent muffins where electrons are inside of protons like raisins in muffins, but rather like planets, with protons being in the middle and electrons spinning around them like planets around sun. So he also said that if you give an electron some extra energy it might jump to higher orbit. Energy is measured in joules and electron-Volts, same thing just different units. So Bohr energy levels are energy you need to make electron jump orbit in hydrogen atom, and Bohr radius is distance between proton and electron in hydrogen while electron is at its lowest level.
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What do bears do while they're hibernating?
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They sleep, and that's it. They live off fat stores, just like you've heard, and they also convert that fat in to water. Hibernating mothers can even produce milk for their young from those fat stores. They don't pee, their body converts their urine in to proteins, IIRC. They develop a [natural fecal plug] that keeps them from shitting themselves.
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SoFlo vs H3 H3 Productions
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H3h3 is a channel that calls people out on their shit, soflo doesn't like getting called out on his shit. Idk the details, and idc.
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Why does shutting your eyes when standing on one leg make you lose balance?
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Balance is based on your centre of mass and many senses communicating in the brain. While you might think that your eyes have nothing to do with this, your vision helps the brain understand what position your body is relative to the world around you. When you close your eyes, your brain loses that sense of relativity, and can no longer base the bodies slight adjustments based on the relativity contributed from your vision. The adjustments your body has to make is based upon where your centre of mass is situated. Your centre of mass has to be above the contact point between your foot and the floor. There are much more to know about balance , but this is the basics!
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How do some insects survive high velocity impact during flight without immediate fatalities?
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A beetle's body does not have too much mass, and the velocity of the beetle is not too high either. Therefore, the momentum of the impact is not enough to cause significant damage to the beetle. Velocity X Mass = Momentum. If the mass or velocity of the beetle was increased, damage to the beetle is more likely to occur.
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How is it possible for the universe to have no starting point or end?
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"The universe is under no obligation to make sense to you." -NDTIt's tricky. So, the best explanation I have is not something you can answer in ELI5 fashion, but I'll try my best. So, this may sound slightly philosophical : What is the opposite of "nothing?" The answer, of course, is "everything." It is fundamentally impossible to have one without the other - as, without one, there is no metric to measure the other against. The Universe "has no beginning or end" because of this principle: In order to exist, the Universe *must* have always existed. If the Universe exists for an infinite amount of time, it would also therefore be spatially infinite - there would be no beginning or end. It would just be. That being said, that doesn't mean the rules can't change - a good example of that is the Big Bang, where the actual laws that defined the universe at the time were *different*.
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Why Valve aren't in trouble over Dota 2
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DOTA doesn't actually belong to blizzard, it was a custom map made by ice frog, this person owns all of it apart form the fact that if blizzard never made warcraft 3 it wouldn't exist. so valve then hired ice frog however, Valve have copyrighted the name "Dota 2" as in the word Dota, not the acronym version that Blizzard has. IceFrog used to work with Euls and Guinsoo, however Guinsoo always loved the "true" side of DotA - the fun, whereas Icefrog only cares about money. Icefrog first went to Riot Games and presented his idea to them, however he then structured /another/ way to play the game, and went to s2 games, which is where you get heroes of newerth. The difference? In LoL, they're called Champions, in HoN they're called Heroes. That's it. Valve picked up IceFrog to work with developers on "Dota 2" and trust me, there's been a LOT of disputes between the 4. What will happen? DotA 1 will still reign for many years, Warcraft 3 has SO many private servers it's ridiculous.. and so many custom map makers, they'll stick around and improve game dynamics and etc. LoL is a multimillion dollar company, theyre sticking around, HoN will barely survive due to it's shit community, but well funded as is and Valve will reign champions. I used to hate Steam, but they 've come A LONG WAY for this. I guess we just kick back and stay tuned!
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How time was invented?
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Did we invent distances? or did we just invent ways to measure them and units to count them? Same goes with time. Clocks have existed for several thousand years . The passing of seasons has also been observed and measured for about as long.Time wasn't invented, it was observed. Humans devised ways to mark the passage of time - sundials, calenders, clocks, etc ", 'The ancient Babylonians, who used numbers based on 60 rather than 10 and 100 invented the 60 seconds to a minute, 60 minutes in an hour system.
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Why can we get sick of what we're currently eating but able to then eat a bunch of different things until full?
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Same reason you like to play more than one game in a day - your taste buds get bored. You like different flavors because it's your brain's way of tricking you into eating a balanced diet.
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Is it true that disproportionally large numbers of Syrian refugees in Europe are young men? If so, why is this? Where are all the women and children?
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They are waiting for the man to get asylum/resident permit, so that they can safely travel. Basically the guy risks his life going with human smugglers and once he lands on his feet he can bring the children and wife to the new country through lawful meansYoung men can better handle the rigors of travel, and are better able to make their way into a new country, and send for their families later. Also, young men are in greater danger in Syria, as they are seen as possible combatants. They are also in danger of being drafted by whichever army finds them first.
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Why is it that, in most major sports leagues, some teams will represent whole states(ex. Utah Jazz) while others will simply represent cities(Ex Cleveland Cavaliers)
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It depends on the owner, and it usually done for marketing reasons. The owner chooses a name they think will resonate better with the potential customers . In the case of the Jazz, the Utah Jazz sounds better than the Salt Lake City Jazz . The NFL Panthers and the NHL Hurricanes are from Carolina. Having the team named *Carolina* gathers fans from both North and South Carolina. Also, in the case of the Hurricanes, I don't think many people know where Raleigh is, so saying they are from Carolina makes it easier to know where they are from. The NFL Jets and Giants are teams from New Jersey, but are named after New York because New York is a more popular spot.
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Why do we heal quicker over a night's sleep than awake?
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When you sleep, you're lying in one position pretty much motionless for 5-9 hours. Your body is using very little energy on your muscles or other activities, so it can devote itself to healing. And with no motion, there's no risk of further aggravating your injuries. Theoretically you would get the same healing effect if you spent eight hours lying in bed awake watching TV. But you would really have to stay *in bed* for all that time - no getting up to get a drink, or go to the bathroom, or anything.
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Why do some cars keep headlights on for a few minutes when the car shuts off? What is the point?
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It's to allow you to see your surroundings. For instance, so you can see the inside of your garage garage at night without having to fumble around in the dark for a light switch.
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Do gas pumps really measure dispensed gas to the thousandths? And if so, how?
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Gas, fuel, diesel etc is typically measured using a special flowmeter called a turbine meter. Basically, the fuel is pumped through the turbine meter on the way to the nozzle. The turbine meter contains funnily enough a turbine which spins as the fluid passes through it. The spinning spindle of the meter has magnets on the shaft which trigger pickups on the outside of the meter which allows the number of rotations of the turbine to be counted. The turbine meter is carefully calibrated so the amount of fuel per revolution is known and thus the amount of fuel passing through the meter can be calculated. The meters can be extremely small so the volume of fuel per revolution is extremely low allowing for very high accuracy.It's amazing to learn how some things get measured. I work as a machinist, some of the tolerances I work to can be .0001 . Try measuring that by eye, or even a standard ruler.. Gas is expensive, every little bit counts!
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Why do 'modern' flags tend to have stars?
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First of all, that cross is only for Scandinavian countries. Look at the flags of Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Hungary, Spain, And many of those flags are more modern than others. The star spangled spangled banner was made in the 1770 or something. The German flag of today was made in 1945 The stars of Australia and NZ are there, because those stars are only visible from those countries. But normally, **the stars are a sign of excellence and perfection.**The "Brazilian Empire" flag had stars in 1822 already. The number of stars represented the number of provinces, but the layout was not related to the sky. The current flag has one star for each state, and the layout show the actual sky view from the Southern hemisphere. And when a state is added, they add a new star. I 'd say some country first had the original idea of representing each region/state with a star and/or the sky view from its location, then the others just copied the concept. Then we see more "modern" flags with that because before the original idea nobody did it. It may also be that very old flags, based on the king's heraldic symbols/arms were centered in the king/royalty. When newer flags came up, they generally wanted to convey the idea that they represented the country, the people, the geographic uniqueness. It's not the "king's" country only.Because they can't all be awesome and have a freaking dragon on them.Wales, home of the worlds best flag.
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How do poor/third world countries support such high populations?
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> Is the standard of living so low that everybody can just barely get by? This. Not only that, but in many places, people DON'T actually get by. People starve to death every day on this earth. The fact is, many of these countries CAN'T sustain the population growth that they have.
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Why do non-hearing people sound "that way" when they speak?
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They can see how lips move, but they can't see how throat, tongue, windpipe, etc move. Observing mouth movement is not enough to recreate all the sounds, you need to be able to hear it in order to accurately replicate what others are saying. Not to mention you can't get the tone or pacing correctly either by just looking at mouth movement. In addition some of them can't hear their own voice either, which makes it even harder to know if they pronounce something correctly or not.
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When we become overly emotional our chests/throats tighten up, why?
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We’re not totally sure, but this article gives some suggestions: _URL_0_ But how do emotions trigger physical sensations? Scientists do not know, but recently pain researchers uncovered a possible pathway from mind to body. According to a 2009 study from the University of Arizona and the University of Maryland, activity in a brain region that regulates emotional reactions called the anterior cingulate cortex helps to explain how an emotional insult can trigger a biological cascade. During a particularly stressful experience, the anterior cingulate cortex may respond by increasing the activity of the vagus nerve—the nerve that starts in the brain stem and connects to the neck, chest and abdomen. When the vagus nerve is overstimulated, it can cause pain and nausea.
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How come some people claim to only care about personalities and not physical properties yet aren't bisexual?
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Because this is a lie mostly, its just more of a statement of Personality > Looks, so even if they look like crap they wont date them its just lower standards than average, no one actually completely doesnt care about looksThere are two basic components. One, they might care less about appearance than personality and be using hyperbole to an extent. Two, they might have strong attachments to certain physical acts/sensations in their sexual relationships, and try to target people with good personalities and compatible anatomy, though there can be a bit of a clusterfuck there with trans people. Mostly? People's behaviour is a better indicator of their mental state than their self-reports, especially in contexts where people assign value to their views. So if someone's going out with people who share a bunch of appearance traits, they're probably attracted to those traits . Or think they "should" be, but that's a different discussion.
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What is the definition of a moral absolute?
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Metaethicist here! Moral absolutism the view that certain actions are absolutely, categorically right or wrong regardless of any circumstance - even intentions or consequences. So for example, if I thought murder was absolutely wrong then it would be wrong in any form - capital punishment, euthanasia etc. The existence of any moral absolute is very questionable, and a very big question at that! If you're interested in the existence of objective morality - or the existence of morality in general - a good place to start would be either the metaethics subreddit or [here!]. If you think objective moral facts exist, then check out [moral realism].
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What actual crimes did the "villians" from Scooby Doo commit? What could they be tried for and what would be their punishment?
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Generally harassment, theft, fraud, and trespassing. Realistically you could add attempt at murder and kidnapping to most of the monster charges, because of what they general do to the mystery crew. Also in a lot of places wearing masks for nonreligious or holiday reasons in public is a findable offence, but that is very dependent on location.
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The difference between Subvocalization (inner monologue) and "thinking"
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They're the same thing from my understanding. I believe it's more commonly referred to as 'inner speech' when we're thinking, and 'subvocalization' when we're reading, but subvocalization is what we do whenever we hear a voice in our head, whether its reading or thinking. Auditory hallucinations actually cause movement in the larynx, too, just like thinking. Born-deaf people have a visual inner-voice. They think in images, like seeing sign-language, or visualize lips moving, instead of hearing a voice in their heads. I believe deaf people who have learned how to talk can 'hear' a voice , and their inner voice may switch between speech and visualization depending on how they're communicating, much like bilingual people. If reading books feels more like a movie to you, its because you're visualizing, rather than subvocalizing what you're reading. According to Wikipedia 30% of people primarily think visually, 25% primarily in words, and 45% use both.
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Why is backwards video understandable while backwards audio is incomprehensible?
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It is because in a video we can see the actions leading up and proceeding from that action, while audio, the sound is laid out in a very specific way. When a small thing is changed, it becomes nearly impossible to understand.
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How can you have a hologram on a spinning surface? Example is in comments.
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Ok, so these particular kinds of holograms are called "Scratch holograms" or "abrasion holograph" I believe. And they're made by putting curved scratches in glossy plastic. You can easily make your own with a two needle compass, and some softish glossy plastic.[Here's an example of making a simple one.] The way it works is that when you put a circular scratch in glossy plastic in direct sunlight, there will be two points of light created where the sunlight strikes the curve just right, and theses points of light are always opposite each other on the scratch, and they change angle based on the angling of the plate of plastic. With the right pattern of scratching, you can generate a system off moving points of light that mimics the effect of a 3D object. [Here's a lecture video discussing the process more.]It's an illusion. The grooves of the record are cut to reflect light in a certain way. As the record spins, it throws light off of its surface in the pattern of a spaceship and its "reflection." I don't know if you 've ever seen those ridged trading cards that make it look like a still image is actually in motion, but it's like that. Depending on which way you look at the card, you see a different image. If you tilt the card back and forth, it looks like the image in in motion. Since the ridges on the record are circular, as the record spins and your head stays still, you see different areas of the record reflect without having to change your view, since the record player is doing it for you.
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what is the point of the 9/10's of a penny on gas prices?
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They are not the same. $4.999 != $5.000 -- even though you don't have a coin to represent the difference, there is a difference. 9/10ths of a cent adds up to some real money over thousands and thousands of gallons of gasoline.
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What did people use before lip balm?
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People used goose or other animal fats on their lips and faces, especially in cold areas to protect against windburn and cold, dry air. Also, beeswax and oil. The Burt's Beeswax brand that I use now is essentially just that.
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Why can we make fun of Muslims under freedom of expression but speaking anything against Jews will bring up Anti-Semitism?
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i don't know where you live, but in most countries you can easily make jokes about Jews without bringing up antisemitism. from the other hand in many countries you can't make jokes about Holocaust.Jews would have to be the most mocked group of people in the world.
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How come solid butter doesn't taste salty?
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It likely isn't salted. Butter is sold in both salted and unsalted forms. The salted form, well, tastes salty. The unsalted form, obviously not. On the other hand, it may be that you consume a high-salt diet and have become less sensitive to salt. In this case, you may not pick up on the salt in salted solid butter.
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Why is it that some people need to adjust their sitting posture every 2 minutes but some people can sit in the same posture for one hour?
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I was actually thinking about this the other day because I'm the kind of person seems to never get comfortable. I found out if you stretch and loosen up your muscles you'll have an easier time sitting still or even falling asleep at night.
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What is String Theory? Has it been proved wrong? Whats the current replacement theory/idea?
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There are four fundamental forces in the universe, gravity, the electromagnetic force, the strong force, and the weak force. We can describe so of these forces with two models, general relativity can be used to explain gravity, while the standard model explains the three remaining forces. These theories are immensely successful, however they are both incomplete, and we would like to have one theory which explains all for forces. Actually combining these forces turns out to be really difficult. For one thing, gravity is incredibly weak compared to the other forces and we have no clue why. Another problem is that if we attempt to describe gravity using the same math as we do for the other three forces we end up with a theory which isn't predictive. We want theories to be able to make predictions, so if a theory isn't predictive this is a pretty big problem. String theory is one way of having a theory which explains all four forces. However, it's incredibly mathematically complex, and so far we don't have any way to test it using current technologies.I cannot really answer your first question, at least not in any ELI5 appropriate manner. I can, however, give a little insight in the latter questions: String theory has not been proven wrong. One of the main reasons why this is the case is, that it is spectacularly hard to design an experiment to actually test string theory in the first place. Sting theory is one of the more complex theories we have developed so far - mathematically and physically. There is not really a replacement for string theory, as it is "just" one of many attempts to find the missing link between gravity and the other three fundamental forces.
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How did the U.S manage to (mostly) eliminate the intense corruption common at various points in the 19th century?
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Well I'm no expert on it, but my personal theory, derived after a grueling 30 second debate with myself, states that "when democracy works correctly corruption is stamped out by the people". Thomas Jefferson said, and I'm paraphrasing slightly, "There are two boxes with which to change the way a governing body works. The ballot box and the cartridge box." Thus: if you don't like that your gov't is corrupt, vote someone else into office who won't be corrupt. If they won't leave, shoot them. Or thereabouts. But that's just my theory. Side note: this is the most important reason for the second amendment. Otherwise someone could abuse the power bestowed upon them by the people by signing hundreds of tyrannical executive orders superseding congress while simultaneously working to disarm the people, ultimately making their rise to tyranny smooth sailing. Checks and balances are needed in the US gov't. The second amendment keeps all those checks and balances in place. P.S. the above scenario is actually happening. Hope that helped somewhat? Edit: Grammar fixes', "The problem with Eastern European countries that they spent a long time being ruled over by dysfunctional communist regime which encouraged a culture of political corruption. While they transitioned on paper to liberal democracies in 1989, that kind of political culture isn't something which disappears overnight. I imagine Eastern European corruption will probably lessen with each new generation of politicians, but it'll take a long time.
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Why do I lose all of my tabs when Chrome crashes even though each tab is a separate process?
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I have had issues with the youtube tabs crashing the entire chrome as well. The issue is that while each tab has its own process, they're all tied to the parent "Chrome" window process. Some bugs/crashes are so severe that they cause the main process to crash, which results in every tab going down with it. Thankfully, Chrome is pretty good about crash recovery and usually saves tabs.
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How incorrectly typing in a website address takes you to those random proxy sites that advertise random things.
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There's two things that can happen. First, someone may have bought the mistyped domain and put up a bunch of ads on the page, just for that case. Second, and far more annoying is that your ISP may be directing you there to get some extra profit. If you ask for a web site that doesn't exist, they're supposed to return a "doesn't exist" message. Instead, a lot of places say "sure it exists- it's the ad-filled page over here"
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how are competitive eaters able to eat so much?
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They typically "train" for 1-2 weeks before a competition by eating a lot of low calorie food to stretch their stomach, they will eat things like oatmeal and watermelon. They also drink a lot of water. This training also helps them get over the sick feeling you get when you're too full and helps them learn to control their gag reflex. I think there is probably a certain amount of "natural talent" involved too. Some people can just eat more than others. I read about a competitive eater who said she only competes around 6-8 times a year so she has plenty of the rest of her year to maintain a more healthy diet.I watched an amazing documentary on speed eaters a while back. Under normal conditions, with any non-speed eater, a person's stomach will only increase in size as needed. And this increase in size is delayed slightly - meaning that if you try to stuff 10 hot dogs down your and into your stomach at some point its going to get really uncomfortable all the stretching it is enduring. However, with trained speed eaters, their stomachs increase to their fully expanded size immediately once they start eating. This prevents them from the extreme discomfort of stretching their stomach AS they go. I'll try to find that documentary and link it back here.Practice. They train their stomachs like lifters train muscle. By eating to capacity over and over again, they stretch their stomach to larger and larger capacities. They train their mind to ignore gag reflexes, and override "you're full" signals. Whether this is medically healthy or not becomes a grey area, but that is the life they choseA lot of times they fill their stomachs with stuff like lettuce before competitions. This expands the stomach walls allowing them to fit more food And it takes practice
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Why do people have to wipe their butts but animals don't?
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I know the answer to this from the last time I saw it posted.. Animals prolapse their cinnamon star when pooping, which means the poopy part retracts right back in so no mess!', "Other animals don't have butts like ours. Their buttholes aren't hidden between two large globes of muscle and fat.
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How does soap clean stuff?
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Soap acts as an emulsifier. An emulsifier is an agent that allows the mixture of oil and water. So the dirty oils on your skin mix with the water and it is washed off.soap binds to things that don't like to bind to water , but soap can also bind to water. So it traps things like oil and then it bind to water. So when you wash with water, water drags soap & the oil it traps down the drain.
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If I lift a pile of book and carry it towards another table, is work being done on the books?
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Yes- not from any force in the vertical direction unless you move the pile upwards. The work done comes from the force x the direction of movement- meaning when you move the books horizontally work is doneYes. You lift the bottom book, which lifts the book over it, and so on. Each book has a mass, which requires more force to lift the whole stack. Assuming each book is 1 pound and you lift the stack 1 foot in the air, then a 10 book stack will require 10 foot-pounds to lift, with each book "taking" one foot-pound for itself and transferring the unused force upward.
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What would happen if the US heavily taxed the wealthy?
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The flaw in this logic is that you have to understand what happens with the money of people in the top tax brackets. People in the top tax brackets usually reinvest that money so that they can receive larger gains from that money, instead of sitting it in an account when they have no intentions of spending all of it. So, if I make $10 million a year, I may decide to use the first million for my regular personal expenses , basically my living money. With the other money, I would want to put it into mutual funds, stocks, investments in startups, etc, so that I can earn more money off of that income. What happens with that money is it gets put into new small investments, or further research and development in certain industries. This helps the overall economy quite a bit. Alternatively, if I were taxed at 70% on the income earned about the initial $1 million, I would only be left with $2.7 million to put into those types of investments. This severely stifles the market's ability to grow. It was demonstrated in the U.S. during the 50s-80s when our progressive tax system did increase to those levels. At one point the top tax bracket was taxed at 94% **Disclaimer:** I was simplifying the numbers here to make things easier to visualize and because there's not much difference between comparing our current tax brackets as opposed to comparing a 0% system. Just assume that I was giving an example where I didn't pay any taxes at all, vs paying 70% on all income above $1 million.
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Why is pizza in Northeast USA so much better than the rest of the country?
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_URL_0_ If you look at the map, and know that pizza is a dish that originates in a certain boot-shaped country in the south of Europe, I think you'll find it easy to understand.
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Why are the bellies of starving children always heavily swollen?
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It's a disease called Kwashiorkor, which is caused by a deficiency in protein intake. Sufferers are getting enough calories, but usually almost entirely in the form of carbohydrates. _URL_0_
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How does a laser speed gun work to measure a car's speed?
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Light moves fast. Really, really, fast. But it still has a measurable speed, so as long as your timer is quick enough all you need to do is fire a laser at something and start counting until the moment the reflected laser light comes back. Because we know the speed of light is a constant, by counting the amount of time between when we fired the laser and when we get the reflection, we know how far away something is. So that's how a laser measures *distance*. How does it measure speed? Well it's the same idea, only instead of firing a single beam of laser light it fires lots and lots of very short pulses. Each of those will reflect off the car and reflect back, and so we can calculate the distance the car was when each one reflects back. All that's then required is to calculate how quickly that distance decreases and that's the speed of the car.
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If police officers are not required to tell us when they are undercover, what stops all police offers from just wearing normal clothes and always being undercover?
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Why would they? Clearly marked police presence is a crime deterrent. Very few police activities involve being sneaky and doing undercover stuff . A lot of what police do, like helping people, really isn't possible if you don't know who they are.A visible police presence generally prevents crime. Police departments interested in preventing crime will want to be as visible as possible.Cops aren't always out to give tickets/make arrests . Oftentimes the mere presence of a uniformed cop or a marked police car can make people follow the law because they don't want to get in trouble. In my area cops often park their cruisers near the side of the road in an openly visible place while they do paperwork to enforce the speed limit in a passive way . Of course if someone flew by them going way too fast they would probably ticket them, but barring that they are multitasking efficiently and effectively by meeting both their duty to enforce laws and their requirement to get paperwork done.
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Does our vision have a limit?
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Can you see galaxies however many light years away? Sure. You don't really see distance. You see the light particles contacting the back of your retina. So if there's light bouncing off of the wall on the opposite side of the hallway and its been in existence long enough for the light to reach your retinas, you'll see the light. If not you won't. Where vision breaks down with distance is the loss of focus and refraction as more light particles bounce and scatter the farther away you are. Source: I wear glasses.
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why do files when you change their format gets either corrupted or oftentimes changes into a different and oftentimes readable file format.
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It's not so much that *changing the format* corrupts it . All changing the extension does is change what program your computer is going to open the file with. If you switch something to .txt, it's going to try and open it in Notepad, which can only read plain-text files. Now if the data within the file is stored in plain-text, Notepad will probably be able to read it. But if it's not, it'll will become gibberish like you saw.By changing the extension, you made the computer think it was a different kind of file and should be opened/read in a certain way that turned out to be wrong. Like if you took a bottle of hot sauce and changed the label to "eye drops".
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Why do we get skin tags when we're older?
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At the risk of sounding young, what are skin tags?', "Some people are more likely to have skin tags than others. They are benign tumors, so there is some predisposition. This means that some people are born with some and may or may not be likely to develop more as they grow older. They are more likely to occur in places where the skin rubs against each other. Remember that as we grow older our skin loses it's elasticity so in spots where there are friction the skin won't just bounce back as easily when there is friction. The collagen fibers in the skin get bunched together as they become looser and form the tag. Other health factors can increase their likelihood of occurring, such as obesity or diabetes. They are painless, can look smooth or irregular, and are typically easy to remove.
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Why do magazines have pictures that cover their name/title?
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Magazines know that people who really care about one particular magazine will get a subscription to it; so the cover is all about trying to influence someone at newsstands to make an impulse purchase of that particular issue and that that decision-making is largely based on who/what is on the cover. The color, the sexiness of the cover model, and/or the celebrity on the cover all play a huge role in influencing someone to buy that issue.Rolling Stone can get away with it - their logo / title are iconic without having to see the whole thing. That's about the only way a magazine can manage it, though.
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When a device needs multiple batteries, why do they always have to face different directions to each other?
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The design of the battery holder is cheaper that way. Ultimately, the batteries always need to be end to end + near the - on the next battery. By requiring that one row faces one way and the other row the other way, one side of the battery holder can be made with a simple metal plate to connect the two halves and the output from the entire thing is at the ends of the two batteries at the other side. If they were all facing the same direction, they would need a wire going from one end to the other to connect the two halves and would need a second wire for the other side of the output again going the whole length of it. So the answer is opposite directions keeps the + on one row near the - on the other, which means they don't need big long wires to connect them, saving money.
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Why do people fear autism?
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No one is afraid of it in a classic sense. It's like any other abnormalities, everyone wants their child to be normal. It can cause serious lasting personal issues unless treated early and properly. I'm not a afraid of sheep but i don't want my son to be born with a sheep's head
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Why is it that when you swat a fly with your hand, it either appears to be completely unharmed or it dies/becomes seriously injured?
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So you swat a fly and you're wondering why its either: Unharmed, injured or dead? What the fuck other options are there? What would you expect to happen?", 'It takes very little force for us to damage a fly. You are so big and fast that, if you make contact at all, that is enough force to ruin the fly. So, you either hit them with any force, or you missed.
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Why do UK cinemas have advanced screenings instead of just releasing the film?
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To get people talking and blogging about it, and gauge the audience response. Advanced screening audiences are generally a mix of reviewers and self-selected fans of the movie franchise who are already excited about it, or at least are in the target audience. That's the two groups of people most likely to tell others about the movie. ^^Hello ^^to ^^Jason ^^Isaacs.
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Where does the dead bacteria go once you've sanitized it?
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Anything that's dead is very quickly gobbled up by another living thing, such as other bacteria. When you sanitize something and then leave it exposed to the air, other bacteria from the air and the surroundings will start growing on it, using the dead bacteria as food. This is why hand washing is so much more effective than hand sanitizer. The sanitizer kills the bacteria, but it's all just sitting there on your hands still. Washing, even though it doesn't kill the bacteria, physically removes them and whatever grime or skin oils were on your hands, feeding the bacteria, so less of them can grow. It's like washing dishes versus baking them in the oven. Washing doesn't sanitize, but it removes all the old food. Enough heat will sanitize, but it won't remove what the bacteria were eating, so they can grow to dangerous numbers. Every surface, all the time, is covered in bacteria. We are not all dead because most bacteria can't cause disease, and disease-causing bacteria often need a certain amount of them to be present in order to infect people.Dead bacteria is just a bunch of dead organic matter. Its similar to dead skin cells that wash off in the shower or a slab of meat or bunch of vegetables. If somethings dead it can be absorbed by something else living for their nutrients. So the dead bacteria will quickly be broken down. Depending on the way you killed the bacteria, you may have burst the cell membrane already, and the proteins and dna inside can quickly break down even without a living thing. The matter can also become inorganic matter depending on what its used for.bacteria explode when they die. Its not as impressive as it sounds because they're so small. But yeah they pretty much just burst apart, and the various chemicals that make them up mix in with the environment around them, or other bacteria consume them. Within moments, nothing detectable of that bacteria is left.Essentially, yes, hand sanitiser neutralises bad germs and turns them into dead ones, no longer capable of harming you
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Why Netflix would have to secure the rights to a certain song on a show they've begun streaming, when they're already paying for the show itself.
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You're trying to apply common sense to music licensing. Yes, they got the clearance for the music to be on broadcast TV. Yes, they got the clearance for it to be on the DVDs. But if those rights specifically excluded Internet streaming, then they have to change the song, unless they negotiate that clearance. And, obviously, it's cheaper to use different music.
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Why does the Greek language still use Greek script?
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Greece predated Rome as a center of learning by many centuries. The Romans looked up to Greece as a place of culture. Educated Romans including Julius Caesar learned Greek and spoke it with their educated friends, and young Romans went on tours in the Greek east the same that wealthy young Americans would later take the "Grand Tour" in Europe. Even after the Romans took over, Latin was never very widespread in the Greek heartlands. The [Jireček Line] roughly divides the areas of Latin and Greek speech in antiquity. South and east of there, you could get by as a Latin-speaker, but it would have been a foreign language to most common people. The Roman empire was partitioned after 285 AD, with co-emperors in the East and West . The Western empire grew weaker as Germanic tribes and other people invaded. 476 AD is usually given as the date that the Western empire "fell", because the warlord Odoacer deposed the last emperor and declined to take the title of emperor for himself. The eastern empire, based at Constantinople, was administered in Latin for a few hundred years, but as the Latin-speaking areas began to be whittled away, the empire became predominantly Greek. That is why it's usually known as the Byzantine Empire rather than the Eastern Roman Empire after about 600 A.D. So to summarize, the Romans thought of Greece as a cultural forefather and preferred to learn Greek rather than force the Greeks to adopt Latin, and the Greek component of the empire lasted almost 1000 years longer than the Latin component did.
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How does my iPod Touch know what's plugged into it?
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There's additional data sent over the headphone jack other than just audio data. A signal identifying the type of device is likely in there.
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How does after-hours stock trading work? How can you trade when the market's not open?
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There are smaller trading platforms and you can trade among others on that platform, rather than the whole market as a whole. So if your brokerage uses one particular platform you might only be able to trade with 5 or 10% of potential traders. The smaller supply/demand pool means more volatilityGenerally speaking, the market is made up of many smaller exchanges, you can think of them all like individual stores where they're all buying/selling the same product. So if I want to buy GE shares, I as a broker, can buy them from people on the ARCA exchange or the BATS exchange, etc. Just like when you decide to go to a store, each has its own advantages and disadvantages like "faster checkouts" or "more product available". One advantage, to keep with the simple analogy, is hours of operation. Some exchanges open really early, and some stick to the regular 9:30-4 convention. However, they're limited to certain hours, for example no-one can be open after 8pm. There's more to the technical differences between extended hours trading and regular market hours but this is ELI5.
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What's the point of martial law, and when would it be enforced?
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Martial Law is, essentially, the suspension of due process. Police are authorized to do whatever is necessary to keep the peace or to address whatever situation is found, and government, specifically the executive branch, would be allowed to basically make up new rules as they see fit. Hopefully martial law is *never* enforced, because it's pretty terrible. The only real conceivable time it might be enforced in a modern democracy would be in the case of some disaster so major it threatens the very existence of the country: a massive invasion by a foreign power, some sort of global natural disaster But even then, you would hope not, because when your democracy declares martial law it's not really a democracy anymore.Martial law means the suspension of the constitution with the military running things and enforcing law as it sees fit. It would be enforced during extreme civil unrest, a viral pandemic, natural disaster or if an invasion from an enemy military force were to occurThe point of martial law in the US is that it allows the use of the military in addition to the National Guard and Police to enforce law and other rules of conduct in the case of emergency for the protection of society as a whole. During an emergency laws tend to be far stricter than they are otherwise and often need stronger punishments when violatedWould we have to have actual martial law before the national guard or the army or the police can "shoot on sight" to prevent looting in a riot situation?
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if picking at scabs and zits is bad, what explains the irresistible urge to do it?
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The reason we have such a nagging urge is because our skin's nerves tell our brain that something is attached to us. The brain interprets this stimuli and responds by urging our hand to scratch it or get it off. The benefit to this response is that potentially harmful parasites or insects can latch on to our skin and transmit disease, so it's better to be safe than sorry.Also because for some reason we seem to think peeling it off will make it go away faster and not look as bad when usually the polar opposite occurs. Source: accredited scab and zit expert
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How do magnets break harddrives?
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Take a piece of iron and rub it across a magnet a couple of times. You'll notice that it becomes magnetic as well. This is called "ferromagnetism." Now imagine that you have billions of pieces of iron, each one tiny. Some are magnetized and some aren't. That's how your hard drive stores data. The 1s and 0s that make up digital data are essentially tiny chunks of ferromagnetic material on the disk in the hard drive. If you take a magnet and wipe it across the hard drive, it will magnetize all the little pieces of ferromagnetic material, erasing any information they previously held.A conventional hard drive has disks that has hundreds of millions of tiny magnets on their surfaces. I'm sure you have heard that computers store information as zeros and ones. You can align magnets so that their poles are positioned with either their North or South poles pointing up. Say if you assign a zero to a magnet whose North pole is positioned up and a one to a South pointing pole you can write 01101 as NSSNS. Hard drives use these tiny magnets to store computer information like this. If you expose the hard drive to a strong magnet the series of North and South pointing magnets will scramble, and the information will be lost.Hard disks store information magnetically. When a strong magnet is placed near a disk it scrambles the information stored on the disk.
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How do supermarket celebrity tabloids work?
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So here's the deal, if you're a big time celebrity, basically everywhere you go, photographers are going to follow you around to get pictures of you and then sell these pictures to the tabloids. The courts have ruled this is legal because celebrities are "public figures" and thus don't have the same privacy rights and ownership of their image as normal people do. Also, yes, these magazines are all owned by the same media-entertainment conglomerates that own the reputable newspapers and the TV and radio channels and the reputable magazines and lots of the Internet too. They're just gossip. People like to gossip, and gossip about people that everyone is familiar with is something you can sell to the public at large. The way they profit is through their sales of magazines, but this isn't nearly as big a money-maker as the ads, which is where the real money is. The advertisements can be all kinds of things, but using market research, they determine just who is buying the magazines and the advertisements will be for things the companies think women want to buy.
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Why with certain neurological diseases do hands/fingers and feet tend tu curl up?
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This is caused by lack muscle control, which could mean complete relaxation or over-use of muscles. A neutral/relaxed hand position has the fingers slightly curled . So if your muscles can’t get signals from the brain, curling would be the result of them being relaxed. Also, if the muscles that curl and un-curl the fingers were both trying to work at once, this might happen. Fine control of the hands requires coordination of one set of muscles tensing and the opposing muscles relaxing in order to open the hands, and especially to open them in a precise way.
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How does a Tornado kill you?
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As the great sage and eminent drunkard Ron White put it, it's not THAT the wind is blowing, it's WHAT the wind is blowing. Your body will become part of a random, high speed debris field. Something WILL intersect with you.
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Why do some men experience a greater degree of penis shrinkage than others after exercise or due to the (cold) weather?
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Genetics. Our bodies adapted to live in some pretty hostile regions over the ages of humanity. Some bodies bear the honor of having genetics where their base penile nerve has a very strong autonomic sensory recoil. It's a protection tactic. Some people's ancestors REALLY had to worry about their penis falling off from frostbite. Retraction is a way to keep everything able to stay as warm as possible.
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If kids are normally taller than their parents, does that mean the human population is steadily growing in average height?
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Yes but no. Children are often taller than their parents because people get shorter as they age due to spinal cartilage wearing down. The average height of the population is increasing over time, but that's because height is seen as an attractive feature and more likely to be passed to future generations.
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Why do news anchors and radio personalities talk with a strange, fake voice?
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Someone asked this a while ago and I typed up this epic answer, which I'll copy and paste for you now. Simplest reason: Newscasters have a special voice because if they just talked like everyone else, their broadcasts wouldn't have that distinct "newscasty" feeling. It's a convention. But where does the convention come from? One scholar who I happen to have just found out about says it's due to something called the Effort Code. The Effort Code basically says "The more my voice goes up and down, the more I want you to pay attention." It shows up in many parts of language -- when we want to emphasize a part of a sentence, we make the pitch of our voice change quickly, so the other person knows we want them to focus on that part. The newscaster style of speaking is characterized by a wider range of pitches than normal speech, so that you pay attention to all of it. Now how on earth did "changing the pitch a lot" come to be associated with "pay attention!"? It comes from the idea that when you talk, your pitch is supposed to rise and fall to and from certain pitches. In fast or imprecise speech, you don't quite reach these "targets", and your pitch range ends up being not as wide. So we started associating steep rises and falls of pitch with putting in more effort, which we associated with a higher level of importance, and the rest is history. Source: Phonology of Tone and Intonation, by Carlos Gussenhoven', "That's just what we sound like in the Midwest. For some reason it got adopted as the standard for accents
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How does dumping a bucket of water on your head help the ALS cause?
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It's a combination awareness/donation drive. "Dude, why the hell did you just dump a bucket of icewater on your head!?" "For ALS." "What's ALS?" "The reason Steven Hawking's paralyzed." "Oh, that thing. Yeah, that sucks." "Yes it does. Wanna donate for a cure? If not, you 've gotta dump a bucket on your head too." "Well, OK. Sounds like a good cause."Because you are dared to either dump a bucket of water on your head or donate $100 to ALS research. So you dump the bucket on your head , but donate to ALS anyway . Then you dare some other friends to do the same thing.Advertising is expensive but in order to get contributions you need to pay a lot to get people behind your cause. The cancer budget is very very high. This campaign however is unique because it's free and getting free promotion behind a large number of celebrities who are jumping on a band wagon.The simple answer is that it got you talking about it.
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How does something like "one meter," "one foot," or "one second" become precisely standardized around the world?
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Metric measurements are defined very specifically by the [International System of Units.] Before they were founded, many countries had organisations for the purpose of managing measurements. They often did this by having an object that would be the basis of that measurement that would be distributed to other countries that agreed to adopt those measurements. That said, often many countries didn't have standardised measures . These days, the International System of Units defines their [base units] which can be used to derive other measurements based on measurable events. For example, a metre is the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in 1 299792458th of a second, & a second is how long it takes for a caesium 133 atom to transition between 2 particular states 9192631770 times. Since these are very precise events, it means that a metre will be the same length all over the world.
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Why is internet (a direct connection) only fast enough to stream a few TV shows at once when digital TV antennas can receive hundreds simultaneously?
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Just for terminology correction. The antenna does NOT receive and do anything with the channels it hears. IT just funnels the signal into a tuner. The tuner, which is on a set top box or integrated into your TV can generally only deal with processing and figuring out a single tv channel at a time, not hundreds. IT's like saying there is a hundred website on the internet you could potentially go to. However, your web browser has only one window, so you can only see one at a time. Thats how an antenna and tuner work.
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Scientifically, what is happening in the body when we experience a "mini heart attack" after missing a step or any other "close call" in avoiding a potential injury?
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It's a hormone called adrenaline. Your adrenal glands, which sit on top of your kidneys, release it. It activates your body's fight-or-flight response, which elevates your heart rate, opens up your muscular blood vessels, and in general does a bunch of things to prepare you to fight of a potential enemy or run far, far away.
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Why can I exhale for so much longer than I can hold my breath?
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The feeling of suffocation doesn't come from lack of oxygen; it actually comes from saturation of carbon dioxide in your blood. Your body needs to breathe *out* as much as it needs to breathe *in*, so a long constant exhale mitigates both the powerful breathing stimulus and more than half of the actual physical effects of simply holding one's breath.
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Why do different parts of my body smell different when I sweat?
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If I remember correctly, it depends on the type of sweat duct, most only release sweat, which is mostly water and therefore much less smelly, but others, especially in areas like the armpits, also release pheromones and other things that smell.
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What is the difference between Alternative Rock and "regular" rock music?
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IMO, it has to do with how the band is promoted, where they play, and largely what their "message" might be. Counter-culture is a big aspect, and even mainstream bands can be put in this genreOn mobile so not sure if this link will come out correctly _URL_0_Alternative had a basic formula that made it instantly recognizable. Not every song followed this formula, but most of the big ones did. Here is the basic formula: * Song begins either with a heavy grungy guitar riff, followed by a repeating soft, almost childlike high-pitched guitar rhythm . * After a verse of the first type, the chorus is next with the second type. * Then just alternate, grungy distorted metal, followed immediately by soft, melodic light-rock. * Rinse and repeat Let's takr to the first "alternative" song to really gain international attention, and begin to shape the musical rock landscape for the next two decades, Smells Like Teen Spirit. Think about how the song begins, with the light melody, then goes to the grunge, then back to the light again. Pretty much most of the alternative music that was played on mainstream radio in the 90s followed this formulaAnd a related question I 've never been able to find a good answer to, are there any mainstream rock bands from the past 20 years that have never been labeled "alternative rock"? Even bands like Nickelback have "alternative rock" in their list of genres on Wikipedia.
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why do we have capsaicin receptors on our buttholes?
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> I mean I understand evolving with capsaicin receptors in our mouth because we consume food that orifice You didn't evolve receptors to detect capsaicin. Capsaicin evolved because it irritates existing receptors in your tissues, making mammals less likely to eat the plant or its seeds. That the receptors exist in other tissues than your mouth is immaterial to the evolution of the substance, they're in your mouth too and that's good enough for the benefit to plants. The plants that typically have capsaicin are typically distributed by birds, who are not sensitive to the substance and are less likely to destroy the seeds.Those receptors are in mucus membranes, which are in your anus. It would sting if you shoved it up your nose as wellCapsaicin triggers ordinary neurons which are present in all sorts of tissue. [Source.] Nothing special about that one region.Capsaicin makes you feel 'hot' because it binds to a receptor molecule that is meant to signal high temperatures . I.e., if you burn your tongue with hot water, your tongue senses the temperature using this receptor. Capsaicin is a molecule that abnormally stimulates this sensor molecule, mimicing the sensation of 'hot' - i.e., your body thinks it is burning even though it is not. This same receptor exists in many different types of tissues all over the body, so it can be stimulated whenever any of these tissues come into contact with capsaicin.basically capsaicin is like a kid putting a lighter to a fire alarm. you got these alarms all over so you know if you are on fire.
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When I buy a domain, who am I buying it from?
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When you buy a domain name that doesn't previously exist, you're not buying it *from* anyone. You're paying a registrar for the right to create the domain name and have it registered to you as an individual or company. It's not like all the possible domains are sitting in a server just waiting for someone to choose them, any more than all possible English sentences are sitting in a library waiting for someone to write them.A little bit about the DNS system first: The Internet is an ad-hoc network, just a lot of machines that communicate with each other. Each public system is identified by a public IP Address. The DNS system is essentially a directory that converts names to numbers. There are several Zones, and each Zone has other zones. The top zones are managed by IANA . IANA manages the Root servers of the Internet. It then gives management of individual zones to certain entities to manage them. So, each country has its own NIC managing one or more TLDs, for example, .us, .ar, .uk. The .com zone was given to Network Solutions, now owned by Verisign. So, when you buy a .com domain, you get it from Verisign, or from a registrar or reseller that goes through netsolDomain name registrars are like phonebook companies. You pay the registrar to put your website name in their phonebook. When a person visits "_URL_0_", their web browser checks the phonebook for the name, and then uses the information there to direct itself to the website's proper address.
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Why are penises and vaginas considered more taboo in movies then boobs?
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Sex is taboo. Penises and vaginas are actual sex organs. Just like butts, which aren't censored either, nipples/boobs are only sexual objects according to circumstance and culture.The question is, why are boobs even taboo?Some like penises, some like vaginas, but everyone loves boobs everyone.
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If heat rises, why does it get colder the higher up you go?
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The atmosphere thins out and cannot hold the heat in. In your house, your roof acts like an impermeable atmosphere. That rule would apply even if your house was in the sky, so long as you had the heat on.
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Is it legal to take someone off of life support?
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It is important to understand that when a person is on life support, it is usually because they are unconscious, in a coma, and will probably never wake up. When that happens, a guardian is appointed that makes decisions as if they were the person who was on life support. When that guardian decides to end life support, it is as if the person unplugged themselves. Many people, myself included, have made it clear to my family and friends what I would want if that kind of situation arises. If I go into a coma, there are three people who may speak for me and all of them have the right to terminate my life support if they are told there is no chance of me waking up. Edit- Just to be clear: If some random person walks in and turns off someones life support and they die, that person may be tried for murder. In the US at least, if a person gets into this situation and has nobody available to be appointed for them, the state will often send a social worker to evaluate and make the decision. This is usually done after an exhaustive effort to find a family member.
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Why has the number of scientific breakthroughs and discoveries seemingly decreased compared to the recent past where they were made every several years or so and credited to individuals?
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There is only so much out there to be discovered, and the easy things already have been discovered. It's relatively easy to point a telescope at the sky and discover that Jupiter has moons. It's relatively hard to send probes to the moons and discover what exactly they are all made of. Projects like this nowadays require larger groups of people contributing compared to "simpler" discoveries in the past. A lot of the "single person" discoveries of the past have some white-washing to them as well. We may remember one person as the discoverer, when in reality there are multiple others who contributed and are forgotten. For instance, Calculus. Newton gets all the credit, but [Leibniz probably had a lot to do with things as well]. Or [Rosalind and others who helped figure out the structure of DNA and were not mentioned on the Nobel prize]. Or take Einstein and relativity. To most people, Einstein gets all the credit, but people like [Poncaire, and Lorentz] laid a lot of the groundwork. It's also worth noting, and maybe I should have lead with this, that it's not really clear that scientific progress IS slowing down. You can see some discussion of this [here]. It's always easier to look back on things and say "Aha! *That* was a giant important discovery!" Easier to fail to see the importance of things as they happen.
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why it’s good for your heart to get pumping while exercising but it’s not good when your heart beats fast from anxiety or stress.
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It IS good when your heart beats faster from anxiety or stress. That is your body’s way of trying to help you prepare for and respond to stressful situations. Now PROLONGED stress and anxiety can have negative effects on all sorts of body functions . An interesting topic related to this is adverse childhood experiences which kinda dives into the long term effects of a consistent fight or flight response on the body. I linked to the ted talk about it below. _URL_0_
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The difference between isosmotic and isotonic.
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Isotonic is the value in which a solution must have the same values as the system it is being placed in so as to not cause a ph or salinity change. For instance isotonic water has a 0.09% salinity so that it can be administered to human bodies without adverse reactions, swelling or dehydration. A solution that is isomolal is one that has 1 molar substance in 1Molar solvent ie water. Im not familiar with the term isosmotic but i would gander that it is an equilibrium through a permeable barrier with two seperate fluid types ie cytoplasm and blood plasma.Both of these terms can be used interchangeably, as 'isoosmotic' refers to osmolarity and 'isotonic' to osmotic pressure. When two liquids are isotonic, they have the same osmotic pressure, so they have the same osmolarity, which is why they are isoosmotic.
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Why do people face the DJ?
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"Raves" have changed drastically in the last few years. With EDM being as big as it is, they have changed from the DJ just being there for music to where the DJ is now like the lead singer of a band. All the focus is on him/her. When I first got into the scene it was like you're describing it. Everybody just danced where they wanted, with whoever they wanted and the DJ just chilled in the corner throwing on track after track keeping the night going. It was ethereal. Now shows are just about dbags trying to get to the front and crowds mindlessly jumping aroundI think because DJs are one of the principal ingredients in a festival or party nowadays, and a lot of people go to those because of the DJs that will be there. Lasers and lights are also part of the show but it would be weird if in a huge festival you dont face the DJ, just imagine a band concert where you dont face the band, like if it doesnt matter.
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Why do certain things "grow on you"?
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Well, when you have more time to consider all the qualities of something, you have time to pick out the things you do like. And if you are mostly focused on the things you dislike about something, eventually you will learn to grow accustomed to these qualities and even reason them into being able to deal with them. This ends up leaving mostly things you can appreciate to, well, appreciate. Another example would be something that isn't necessarily something that makes a negative impression at first. Sometimes things are challenging to negotiate/learn/experience. A particularly difficult book, an experimental song, a particularly strong-tasting dish, a challenging idea: all of these are things that can grow on you but are difficult to fully enjoy at first not because they are perceived as bad or less-than-good by you.
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Why have dentists never told me to use mouthwash?
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The concern is that since mouthwash is easier to use, you will use it *instead* of brushing and flossing. With good brushing and flossing, mouthwash isn't that necessary, and mouthwash without brushing and flossing doesn't help much.
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why a helicopter can’t drop me on the top of Mount Everest
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Because it's too high, at those altitudes the helicopters engine just cannot produce enough power , the blades also just cannot produce enough thrust , the higher the plane or helicopter flies the less thrust and power it has its called density altitude, and it's due to the fact that the higher you go the more spred out air particles become due to the fall in pressure So if the air is thin it's sucking in less air to the motor which produces less power and the blades have less air to push against so less thrust
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Why do corn ears grow silk on them, and what is the purpose of it?
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Corn silks are the silky tassels running the length of an ear of corn. They serve as styles or tubes for collecting the pollen that fertilizes each seed.
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Why is Linux not very popular?
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It is *extremely* popular. The Reddit server that sent you this block of text is a linux machine. Linux utterly dominates every market in the computer world *except for desktops*. And that is only because linux wasn't totally usable as a desktop until fairly recently, Ubuntu wasn't 100% usable and stable until around 2010, and that means that Windows and MacOS have inertia. That said, the numbers for linux desktop adoption have been rising steadily for the last decade, with a sharp uptick very recently because of the sudden availability of good games.Here are some reasons: Depending on the distro depends on the technical ability involved to operate it. Getting Linux running on a machine can involve using things like a bootable USB drive, which to common users can seem very, very threatning. When people buy a computer they partly pay for the OS. Why pay for the OS to not use it? People often think free = crap.Modern day linux is pretty easy to install and use, however when Microsoft partners with pretty much every computer manufacturer to make sure they load Windows on their machines, it makes it pretty hard for any Linux version to be there. If you've used a Mac, you've pretty much used Linux. OSX or whatever it's called is based on UNIX, which is the same base for Linux. What Apple did was automate everything so the user didn't have to have a lot of technical knowledge, and made pretty icons and graphics.
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Why is the blue ink very common for writing, but when it comes to printing, black ink is extremely common?
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Blue ink is common for writing, at least partially to differentiate wet ink signatures from photocopies. Black ink is very low cost, because everybody wants the same color. Blue ink is problematic, as Dodger Blue isn't the same as Prussian Blue.
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How do passwords obtained from iBanking tokens have a timeout, when they are not wirelessly connected to the internet in real time?
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They are based on an algorithm that uses a secret pre agreed key and the clock in the device. After some time has elapsed the code you have no longer matches the current time.All *two factor authentication* devices work on a similar principle. You have a *very secret number* that both you and the other side of a transaction know. You want to prove that you know the number **but** you don't want to risk somebody in the middle ever learning that number. The solution is to use some sort of system to generate a *second* number from that number. This second number is generated in such a way that it's easy to calculate if you know the secret number but very hard to solve back to the original number. It's also based on something that *changes all the time* so the 2nd number can't be reused if it's captured. You start with a big-ass secret number like 109234710237953 and you try to get a number like 12345 out of it. You might do this based on the current time or you could do some sort of operation based on your secret number and a *random* number sent by the server - they're both basically the same.
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