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Why are some plants like spinach edible but plants like grass are not?
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you can eat grass you probably just wouldn't like it and wouldn't get many nutrients out of it!
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What happens to animal species if a wall was build between the U.S and mexico Border?
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They don't go across. Any animals on one side will be stuck on that side. If they normally migrate across the border, they will no longer be able to.
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Gravity proportional to mass and volume
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The total gravity created by an object is proportion to its mass. No other variables are needed. The *effect* of that gravity on a second object depends also on the second object's mass, and of course the distance.
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What is the gross (usually green or white) stuff caked onto drinking fountains, and why can't they do a better job cleaning it off?
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Mineral deposits from the water/pipes It's in the water anyways, so its not like its dangerous or toxic. Unless you're living in the USA, then it's lead and is dangerous and toxic. Also look up CLR cleaner. That "gross stuff" is why CLR exists.
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Why do we lose our memories of what we got up to when highly drunk?
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Someone actually told me the answer to this but I was highly drunk at the time and don't remember
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How do headphones make noise sound like it's in the middle of my brain?
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Your ears and brain are confused. Your brain gets the location of sound from the delay of the audio and volume difference between each ear due to , your head being between them . Since sound coming from headphones is fed directly into your ears, this delay is not present so your brain gets confused on the actual location of sound. Note some recordings take these cues into account to provide the information your brain requires for locating where the sound is supposed to come from This is usually not done as it's assumed audio is coming from speakers not that close to your head.
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if we say an atomic clock is wrong 1 second for every 1 000 000 years, have we actually a better way of measuring time?
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Yes, two atom clocks. You do not know which one is right but it gives you an indication of how accurate they areNot necessarily. But if you put ten atomic clocks in a room and come back and check them a year later, you can see if they have drifted apart, and use that to estimate their accuracy over longer periods of time.1 sec/million years is orders of magnitude less accurate than the cesium clock in Boulder. It's something like 1 sec/15 billion years
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Can someone explain me how electronic component get old?
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One reason is due to [electromigration]. The diffuse metal atoms in various components in a computer experience a momentum transfer with the electrons that gradually cause electrical shorts to form on a nanoscopic level. Another more immediate reason would be the electrolytic capacitors that are commonly found in components. Because of Ohm's law, anything that isn't superconductive experiences electrical resistance, and this resistance comes about as heat. This extra average kinetic energy of the ions in the electrolyte paste found in [electrolytic capacitors] actually causes the ionic conductive fluid to evaporate enough that the electrolytic capacitor stops functioning. This is one of the more common reasons electronics die. Sorry I didn't further elaborate, but I saw this right before heading off to bed. Hopefully this expands your knowledge base a little bit more on the subject you are curious about. :)
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Legality of using real life people in fictional stories
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Famous people can and often do copyright their own image and likeness in order to prevent this from happening, and for people who have done so you must go through their estate even after death. Lincoln never did this, and neither did most of the long dead famous people you see on TV.
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Why is it that when its dark, stationary things look like they're moving?
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The center of your retina is missing the cones that process low-light, giving you a nighttime blind spot, directly ahead. Since you cannot actually see an object when you focus on it in the dark, you have to look at something near it. Then your natural response is to attempt to focus on it directly, and so it disappears again. The back-and-forth process of seeing it and then losing it makes it seem like the object is moving.
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How Does A Computer Virus Actually Get Onto Your Computer?
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You get computer viruses from another infected computer on your network, or by getting tricked into installing it yourself. Viruses are only one part of the malware family, though. There's also trojans, worms, rootkits, spyware, and adware.
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Major differences between USA's constitutional rights and European Convention on Human Rights
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A very large portion of the US constitutional rights are not basic human rights. They are the basic rights of a citizen of the US. Some of these rights are also granted to non-citizens but they are not all innate rights you have simply by existing.
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How do major airlines pay for new aircraft? Is it one lump sum or are they constantly paying Boeing/Airbus for old and new aircraft simultaneously?
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Finally! I can step in here, as I work for one of the largest aircraft leasers in the world. My company raises cash through bonds, other leases, dealing loans, and our bank deposits. We then use that money to purchase airplanes from Airbus and Boeing, which we have to order years in advance. Our originations team spends those years working with airlines to lease out that plane. A leasing contract is developed and the plane is delivered to a pre-determined location, usually a major airport where the airline operates. Leases are usually for 7-10 years, as the main life of our aircraft is 15-25 years we try to get two leases out of it and then salvage it or sell it to another leaser or an airline that will take an older plane but for cheap. The airline pays us monthly through our Operations Department, and they also have a maintenance reserves fund that we hold. The airline gets the plane regularly repaired and serviced and submits a request to access the maintenance reserves where we release those funds to reimburse the airline for any service done to the plane. Before and after each lease the plane is taken to our warehouse in Ireland where it is thoroughly inspected and millions of dollars worth of adjustments are made: seats are rearranged, paint color, interior color, and of course the airline logo and name are added on. All of these changes ensure that you never even really know that the plane isn't owned by the airline and that we're in the background leasing it.
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How do Native American nations function within the US?
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The US government basically lets them have their own pseudo nations with their own police, land , casinos among other things.They get a limited amount of control over their own 'nation' . They have a limited ability to exercise their own judicial system . Basically, the way the United States' relationship with Native Americans is formed is that the tribes are seen as having any sovereign power a normal nation would have - unless explicitly removed by the US government . A lot of the clashing comes from individual states trying to regulate Native Americans in their state. The Constitution treats Native American tribes as independent nations, and grants the Federal government the right to negotiate with them as it would any other nation. But states often try to impose their own restrictions . So far the Supreme Court has upheld the notion that state governments cannot regulate Native American land. It should be noted, though, that even if you have a tribal affiliation, if you also have US citizenship, you are still held accountable to US laws.My next question would be: what are the differences between the Native American nations in the US and the territories in Canada?
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Why are there no drugs to help fight the common cold, only drugs to block the symptoms?
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The common cold is really hundreds of different things, so you'd need hundreds of different drugs and have to match the right drug to the right cold.
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Why do countries dispute uninhabited, useless territory?
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Islands are great to own, because they give you ownership of all the water around them for many kilometers, including all the fish, oil, or whatever else might be down there. Mountains are great to own, because they provide military defenses, and because they often contain minerals you can mine. I don't know what cural banks are.The most important defining characteristic of a sovereign nation is the ability to enforce their borders. If they let somebody take a worthless remote island, somebody else might think they can take a slightly less worthless island and so on until people are actually trying to move inside your main borders. They obviously wanted the land in the first place or they never would have claimed itIn addition to what others have said: Although there are plenty of minor territorial disputes in the West ), many relatively minor disputes in East Asia are then exploited by the ruling government and turned into major disputes, so as to create a bogey man so that the populace will focus on an outside bogeyman and not on domestic governmental corruption )Usually because of International law of the Sea. Under UNCLOS , countries get territorial sea rights related to the lands they own. The most valuable right is probably the 200-mile Exclusive Economic zone. So if you get sovereignty over random island, you possibly get access to a ~600 sqmi patch of ocean to exploit resources fromThere is not really such a thing as useless territory. It may have strategic importance for battle, it may have natural resources, it may have interesting wildlife, it may be naturally beautiful and attract tourists, it may simply add to the area of the nation.
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in baseball, Joe DiMaggio's hitting streak of 56 consecutive games is one of the most notable records in the sport and is considered "unbreakable." Why is this?
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The trick is that hits are hard to get and that even great hitters don't get hits that often. It's easier to understand with an example. So, let's say that a person is batting .400---meaning they get a hit four times every 10 at bats. being a .400 or above hitter is all-time best level hitting, so we're already talking about an incredible player. Now, since they're such a great hitter, they probably bat early in the line up. This means that they get, maybe, 5 at bats a game. Let's say that, since they're such a great hitter, they're probably going to get walked one of those times, which doesn't count, so we'll say 4 at bats a game. So, 4 at bats in a game. That means that the odds that they get a hit in the game are about 1–^4 = 87%. Seems pretty high per game, as you'd expect. But now, you have to do it for 56 games in a row. So the odds that you do that are---to simplify a lot---1- = 0.0004. .0004, on the other hand, is not very high. So our incredible, once in a generation hitter averaging 400 is only going to get 56 consecutive hits 4 times out of every 10,000 sets of 56 games. Given that a person might only be at the peak of their game for 5 or 6 years, and only has 140 or so games to play, that's not many chances to get that 4 out of 10,000. A much more indepth analysis can be found here: _URL_0_
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How do sewer systems and, afterwards, water treatment facilities work, from the moment I flush the toilet?
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it really depends on where you are, what is your legislation and the kind of treatments. Anyway usually toilet flushes got collected and goes into treatment facilities which try to "clean" the water. * floating objects and big debries are removed with grids * most of the oils are removed * bacteria are used so that nitrogen compounds are transformed into gas and leave the water as N2* other kind of bacteria are used to oxidize organic content so that it leave water as CO2 or a volatile compound anyway.* large and shallow pools are used to let little debries sediment the point is to use every system possible to remove most of the content of the dirty water, using physical , and biological/chemical ways
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Why does water cause electronic devices (I.e. cellphones) to malfunction even after said devices have completely dried?
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Unless it's distilled water, water is actually pretty dirty. It's full of little particles and sediment. Take a really close look at a glass of unfiltered drinking water and you might probably see some. Anyway, when a device gets wet those particles settle on the microchips shorting out some of the connections . That's why people say to soak a phone in distilled water then leave it on rice. The distilled water washes away the sediment and the dryness of the rice pulls the water out of the phone, like a tissue dipped into a cup of water. I hope this is all accurate and simple enough, feel free to tell me if any of that is wrong or if there are better analogies. :)", 'If, while the device is submerged in water, the water causes the phone to short-circuit badly enough, it will cause permanent damage to the phone that no amount of rice can fix. If that happens, I suggest that you cook the rice and eat it. Think of it as a consolation prize.Unless you whipped the battery out pretty darn quickly, the damage probably occurred fairly quickly after the device hit the water. Water is only a problem because impurities in it cause electricity to go places it shouldn't. If there's no electricity then usually drying things out is fine. If the thing was killed within a moment of it being submerged though, it doesn't matter if it's drier than desert dust when you power it back up, it'll still be dead.
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How does air humidity percentage work and how are we still able to breathe when it's 100%?
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100% relative humidity means the air has as much moisture as its temperature allows . This means if you sweat, it won't be able to evaporate since the air is fully saturated with water vapor. So you will feel much warmer, since you're not able to easily lose body heat. It doesn't mean that the air is 100% water.
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Why are vision problems more common than problems of other senses (ie. hearing, smell, etc.)
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Eyes require their exact shape to work. Vision is done by a reciever that needs a focused light on it. That light comes from the front of the eye and gets put through the lens, which can be adjusted, and the iris Contrast that to an ear or the nose or touch. Hearing, smell, and touch are all 'fixed' things, for the most part. The nose either smells or it doesn't, there's no adjustments that can be made. Ditto with touch. Hearing requires a bit of mechanical things to get done, with the tympanic membrane, and the small bones connected to it and the cochlea, plus the hairs in the cochlea, the shape of the chochlea, and the fluid in there, all have to be in working *order* but they do not adjust. Once it's built, it kinda stays that way then deteroirates slower as we get older, unless acted upon by extreme pressures, or over used in a way that causes damage. The eyes, though, those are constantly being adjusted and played around with. This causes more wear and tear. Also, fluid pressures can cause problems with the eyes shape, and therefore cause the focus to be out of whack. Because it's a more complex system than any other form of senses, it's the one that's more likely to break down during a person's life. At the very least, one will need reading glasses before they expire from this plane of existence, and those who don't? Extremely lucky, or adjusting to the fuzziness.Your assumption may not be correct. Hearing problems are pretty [common] as are problems with [sense of smell] especially as you age. Vision problems might seem more common because the problems they cause can be more life altering.
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Can someone explain to me what exactly constitutes an illegal hit in rugby?
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Anything above the shoulder or where a player is lifted off the ground and not brought down 'safely' as deemed by the ref. Basically don't drop people on their heads.
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Please explain to me the relationship between Reddit and Imgur.
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Imgur was created specifically for Reddit, by a redditor. [Here's the post he made when it was released.] Here is [his follow-up AMA.]
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Why do countries want to take people in for asylum?
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I could be wrong but I think it's a matter of humanitarian motivation. They take them in because they support their cause/protection for whatever reason and feel it's the right thing to do. Again, there may be many examples where this is not the case.
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Why did most of the mammals from the Ice Age go extinct?
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The Pleistocene overkill hypothesis suggests that the time frame of the extinction of Pleistocene vertebrates matches the spread of humans through North America. Although this theory is mostly based on North American human expansion it could possibly be correlated to the rest of the worlds situation as well.It got warmer, and so species better adapted to warmer flourished and those adapted to the Ice Age conditions died off. It's no big deal or conspiracy, climate change has life-threatening impacts on creatures that don't have spaceships and other planets to move to.
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What does an Apple computer do better then a (Windows) PC?
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Mac owner here: Nothing, really. That being said, I like the fact that I don't need to deal with drivers, have a nice GUI on top of UNIX , and I can still boot into windows to play those "Windows Only" games.Back in the day, Macs were a lot better for things like video editing, sound recording, film production, graphic design, and the software and hardware was optimised for it. In addition, lot of the software used for those purposes was originally only available for Mac . Over time, this difference has largely disappeared. The software is now available on multiple platforms, and even the Windows operating system has changed over time to become more like Mac OS - hell the original incarnation of Windows was a deadset copy and paste of Apple's point and click graphic user interface.
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What is the difference between men's and women's razors?
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Good question! The biggest difference is the angle of the blades themselves. Men's razors tend to have a greater angle, which aids in cutting down thick beard hair, but can also mean a stronger shave with leg hair. The downside to a more aggressive angle, though, is a higher tendency for razor burn and cuts if you've not done the appropriate prep-work on the area being shaved. I strongly suggest checking out /r/wicked_edge, the subreddit dedicated to the art of shaving. It's mostly about beards, but the lessons about how to shave undoubtedly apply to shaving other parts of the body, including armpits and pegs.
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What is wire fraud in the US?
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Any crime in which the defendant voluntarily and intentionally devised or participated in a scheme to defraud another out of money; the defendant did so with the intent to defraud; it was reasonably foreseeable that interstate wire communications would be used; and interstate wire communications were in fact used.*Fraud* is when you deceive someone else in order to swindle them out of their property, or their money, or to deprive them out of the right to honest services . Fraud is normally no concern of the federal government, since they can only regulate *interstate* activity . However, they can regulate fraud that involves multiple states; one way they do this is by saying that if you use pretty much any means of electronic communication and the data goes from your state to any other state or country at any point, then that interstate communication to further a fraud is a federal crime. The same applies if you send something from one state to another via FedEx or UPS or similar service, or send anything whatsoever at any point of the fraud by mail . To some degree this is a jurisdictional technicality; almost any even slightly complex fraud will fall under federal law because it'll involve mail or interstate wire communication.
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When film earnings are being calculated, especially big releases that break all sorts of "biggest opening weekend" and such, is inflation taken into account when comparing these numbers to older films?
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The only reason that films keep breaking records all the time is because ticket prices have been going up over the last few decades. If you look at how many people went to see 'Gone With The Wind', you'll see newer films won't come close to selling that many tickets, even though they make more money. BoxOfficeMojo estimates that Gone With the Wind sold 202 million tickets domestically, while Avatar sold 97 million. Best-selling movies in America adjusted for inflation: _URL_0_Sadly couldn't find a worldwide version.It depends on what source you're looking at. Usually when they're comparing box office sales for movies, they'll peg them to dollars in the same year so they're meaningful. But you could be reading an article that said "Star Wars opened with $X, more than any other film that year", and that context doesn't require a conversion because it's not really comparing the given number to one from a different year.
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Why does food taste so much better when you’re drunk/high?
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So I don't have the exact science but basically when you're high, everything that you like the taste of becomes even better tasting. Additionally, the THC interacts with brain chemistry so that you can't feel as full. Add this to the fact that if you're smoking , you have dry mouth. Eating/drinking is very satisfying. When drunk, you're body is trying to adjust the balance in your stomach, so having carbs will fill your stomach. Your brain rewards that behavior and so you feel more satisfied by it.
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Why do the Japanese care about blood groups?
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There was an Japanese person who wrote a best-selling book in the 1920s or 30s on personality being determined by blood group. They were successful in convincing people it was scientific, since it was based on a biological testable characteristic. In other words, the writer made it seem like a scientific fact, even though it's total pseudoscience. The kicker is that the book was written before the Rh factor was known, so that's not even included in the book. Meaning that there are only 4 personality types , even though you can divide blood types into many categories. Then, the issue fell by the wayside until the book was rediscovered in the 1970s. It was written about in lots of newspapers and magazines as something deceptively simple yet deep, and the more you hear something repeated, the more you believe it, even with no evidence. Here's a secret: most people don't know what they're doing. They look for advice on how to do things right. Some turn to psychologists, others to self-help books, religion, or expensive seminars by Tony Robbins. In France, they put a lot of import in handwriting analysis. In Japan, blood type was integrated into the toolkit of how to find good employees and set up effective teams, and then it really did matter in a concrete way, since employers started asking applicants\' blood type. That turned it into something important, and like "The Emperor's New Clothes", no one wanted to be the one to contradict the "experts". So it perpetuates. I think it's tangentially related to the genre of nihonjinron--books that focus on an aspect of Japan or Japanese culture, art, language, geography, or biology, to show how the Japanese are unique and special. While blood typing doesn't do that, it is similar in being a highly reductivist view of the world that simplifies complex issues into a small box, using pseudoscience and fallacies of logic in lieu of science and concrete data.
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Why is size of an animal such a good estimate of its strength, but size of a brain is not a good estimate of intelligence?
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The answer by /u/Doktor_Wunderbar is a good one , but it misses out a critical factor - the EQ _URL_0_ At a simple level, this says "based on what you look like, your brain should be about this big. How big is it really?". So as a general rule, bigger animals have bigger brains. Lots of reasons for this, but as a basic rule more body = more to control = more brain . However, compared to this average requirement, an animal can have either more or less brain. This appears to be a huge deal in intelligence - nobody would expect spiders to have a huge brain, but certain types have a huuuuge brain for a spider, and this seems to have a massive impact on their displayed level of intelligence. This isn't necessarily because bigger brain = better, but because it tends to indicate a high level of selective pressure on intelligence based activities, which has led to a productive growth in brain size.Intelligence doesn't increase linearly with brain mass or volume, but instead seems to have a lot to do with surface area and neural connectivity. Simply put, the wrinkles in our brain are why we have more intelligence than an animal that might have an equally large brain, or a similar brain/body ratio. That, and the number of synaptic connections between different parts of the brain.
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Why can't telescopes work like magnifying glasses?
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Microscopes and magnifying glasses take light from a small area and spread it out. Telescopes take light from a wide area and bring it together.
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Why is that even though I've been waking up early for school for years at pretty much the exact same time, my body is always tired and never seems to get used to it.
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There's more than one reason this happens, I'll try to explain 2 of the most important/accepted ones. 1. Teenagers and adolescents generally go to sleep at later times because they have more academic and social obligations than children. This basically means they have to study more and more and they have to build a social circle and therefore have less time to sleep. This leads to teenagers and adolescents sleeping less than the recommended 8 hours, which in turn leads to sleep deficit. 2. In 1996, a certain Dr. Carskadon published the results of a decade-long study on this topic. She found that our 'biological clock' changes as we go through puberty. There's a certain hormone in our body called 'melatonin' that regulates our biological clock. When our body feels like it's time to sleep, it releases more and more melatonin until we actually go to sleep. In children and young teenagers, this process usually starts around 9:30 p.m. or 21:30 . As puberty progresses however, the onset of this process is pushed forward by about one hour . This also means that the several stages of sleep are pushed forward by one hour aswell, most importantly: REM sleep. When you wake up, your REM sleep stage should be completely finished, that's when you'll feel awake and refreshed. But because of the changes in our biological clock that happen in puberty, this is often not the case in older teenagers and adolescents. missing REM sleep is what causes the grogginess you feel in the morning.
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Why do military ship names begin with USS, HMS, etc.?
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They signify what country's military they represent. USS = United States Ship HMS = Her/His Magesty's Ship, meaning UK. HMCS = Her Majesty's Canadian Ship
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How do paleontologists know anything about the behavior and diets of any dinosaur?
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The shape of the teeth tells you what it ate. The shape of it's skeleton tells you how it moved. From that, you can deduce a lot of things. There is some speculation involved of course, but it's a very educated guess.
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why are people with autism/asperger's sensitive to various environments.
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Because autism is a processing disorder. It means we process things, everything, differently from other people. Either more, or less, but usually more. You see a bright like and your brain processes it as a bright light. We see a bright light and our brain doesn't know how to process it, so it processes it as thid huge, intense scary orb of blinding light instead. It's overwhelming to be surrounded by those. You know how when you squint your eyes at a light, you can see little rays of light coming off of it? Well, we have those all the time. They get in the way of driving, of walking, etc- we can't always see through them. Imagine the descriptions of light, but for everything. Every sense. Our brains try to makeup for the disordered processing by shutting down or melting down, where our bodies move beyond our control in an effort to get our processing going where it has stopped.
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Black holes suck in light, so why are they black?
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We call them black because we believe that they suck in light and don't let it out. It's outgoing light we can see, you can't see light that's being absorbed only light that is being sent out or reflected.Black is the label we apply to an absence of light. You can't make a flashlight that projects black. Since the BH absorbs light, it you could look at it you would see no light. That condition is labeled "black".
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Why does it seem that no one "drops dead" from cancer?
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Cancer doesn't grow that suddenly. You have time to be sick from it before the day it kills you — typically for months.Cancer generally gives warning signs, though sometimes they come to late to treat the cancer. But my girlfriends grandmother slipped one day. Her spine completely dislocated because a cancer had eaten through one of her vertebrae. She passed away about two days later
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If something were to break the sound barrier in space, how would it differ from here on earth?
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The speed of sound depends on several variables even here on earth - humidity, air pressure, etc. Thus there is no "speed of sound" anywhere sound can't travel, such as in space.There is no sound barrier in space - because it means the speed of sound in air and there's no air for there to be a speed of sound in. That said, the vacuum of space isn't a vacuum, there are still atoms of hydrogen floating about, but because they're so far apart they don't really behave like a gas in the ordinary sense. You will get a tiny reaction force against the front of your spaceship, which will increase the faster you go, but the atoms are largely free to just bounce off into er space.
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when I drink water, does my body still try to digest it as if it were food?
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Yes and no. It goes down the same path and is absorbed in a similar way. But your body doesn't "try" things on various chemicals ingested, it just sort of happens when exposed.Water goes through your digestive tract with the food. Whereas food is digested and vitamins/nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine, water isn't absorbed until the large intestine, leaving behind solid waste .
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why do some people love food that other people find disgusting?
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Humans may have the same types of taste buds but the concentrations of taste buds may differ. For example, [supertasters] have a very high concentration of a certain taste bud so they experience very strong reactions to specific tastes. Furthermore, these taste buds are connected to our brain which may reinterpret the signals coming from your taste buds. "Acquired tastes" are tastes that reprogram your brain to enjoy foods that initially may taste bad the first few times. Your brain will ignore the initial repulsive sense to enjoy the other flavors of the dish.
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Why is that military personnel can't open fire against anyone until they have been fired upon or lethal threats are obvious but US police officers can pretty much shoot at will?
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I can't answer this with certainty, but I think it is just the fact that the Military personal are extremely well trained, police are not. There are many military personal in the news commenting on the inappropriate behavior of the police. Such as a soldier of any sort will never raise their weapon or point it at somebody unless there is a direct and obvious threat but police are constantly aiming their weapons at people escalating the situations. EDIT: found the video_URL_0_If you have time, the whole video is a good watch, but I started it near where the points I mention begin, there are some comments from military personnel in there.
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why do we find blood so.... disturbing?
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Not everybody does. But in short, a lot of people do simply because its an easy way to tell that somebody is injured and possibly dying.
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Why does being Hispanic categorize you so differently?
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Your ethnicity can have an affect on what diseases you are more or less susceptible to or likely to have.
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Why is ocean water naturally salty while lake and river water is relatively pure?
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River water is, generally speaking, rain. Oceans, on the other hand are places where salt can collect. Basically, water falls from the sky, runs over/through the ground, and ends up flooding the lowest possible area, which becomes the river. The water in the clouds starts basically pure---since it's evaporated water---and picks up some stuff when it runs over/through the land, but it's constantly moving and being replaced, so those materials don't have much chance to build up. But the Oceans are effectively giant pools. Water evaporates from the surface of the ocean, leaving the salt behind. But unlike in a river, there's nowhere for that salt to go. As a result, it builds up and makes the ocean salty.
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why is there a lag after putting my hands in scalding water before the pain registers?
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I'm not really sure what you mean by that -- I feel both in what seems to be the same time. But I'll see if I can do an explanation: A cut severs part of the nerves, causing an immediate chemical reaction that triggers the electrical impulses which inform the brain. Heat has to transfer through the layers of skin , getting hotter and hotter until it triggers proteins around the nerve to open channels which allow ions to move, generating a signal.
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Why do we still use steel if many synthetic materials claim to be X times stronger than steel
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When you talk about strength of a material from an engineering perspective, there are many different types that are used. You have tensile and compressive strengths, and things like strength to weight ratio, which most people have heard of. But you also have definitions like yield, ultimate, and fracture strengths. On top of that, these can vary depending if you are talking about the true strength or a simplified version that doesn't take into account deformation of the material. Something would only have to be "stronger" than steel in one of these aspects to make a legitimate claim.Because strength is often not the only desired characteristic. Steels are jot only strong but are also tough and easy to manufacture from. These qualities make steel better than other materials for things like buildings and guns. Source: I'm a mechanical engineer.
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What makes pee burn when you're dehydrated?
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Uh, that's not normal. You might want to go talk to a doctor if it burns when you pee. Good luck with that and remember, "No glove, no love."', "Pee is your body getting rid of toxins that dissolve in water. If there isn't enough water to dissolve them all, these toxins interact with your urinary tract more than your tract was designed to take; which hurts.Well I can see from a lot of these answers that these people dont play sports and have never been this kind of dehydrated. As someone who does and has been dehydrated to the point of slightly painful urination an uncountable amount of times, I would have to say its because of the elevated percentage of amonia and other chemicals in your urine as compared to water. Hydrated pee is a much higher percentage water, so you dont feel burning like when you are super dehydratedI believe what causes it to burn is urea and uric acid, which cannot be kept in the blood stream and must be expelled in the urine. The fact that there is a lack of water to dissolve those chemicals makes it painful to pee. In case of infection, the pain comes from the bacterial action over the urine, that transformed it in ammonia. Ammonia is irritating to the skin and so it causes pain during miction.You don't have an STD. It's just that your body is extremely dehydrated. Others probably haven't experienced this before, but it's painful. The pain will linger for a couple days, but take that pain as a reminder to drink enough water.
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Why is the US in so much debt, and what caused it to be so high?
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Basically, there are two streams of cash: coming in and going out. What comes in is taxes. The government collects taxes every year to pay for the things it wants/needs to do. What goes out is spending. Every year , Congress passes a law that lays out exactly what is going to be spent on what, and it's called the budget. So Congress passes the federal budget, and it becomes federal law which has to be carried out. What's caused it to be so high is that we pass the budget/continuing resolution for the fiscal year before we know how much money is going to come in. Add to it that we 've cut taxes while increasing spending, which causes an even bigger gap between what we have and what we need. So we borrow money to make up the difference, and that becomes the debt. The reason it keeps going up on the big scary clocks is because interest keeps accumulating on it. But we 've never missed a payment Edit: Forgot about interest.It's all about borrowing money. The US is much like a business; it collects income and provides services. Much of the time its income doesn't meet the amount of services it has to provide for, or chooses to provide for, and so you have to borrow money. The money then progressively collects more and more, until you have the trillions of dollars of debt the US has now. A few factors for the debt include: * War in Iraq* War in Afghanistan* First Gulf War The debt really picked up when Bush took office, when spending increased 33% in his first term. Through his 8 years in office the nation's debt increased by 86%. I'm not saying it's all Bush's fault, but he played a role in it. Obama fared no better, and 10 trillion turned into 17 trillion. It's all about borrowing money.
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How do they release HD movies that were out decades ago?
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Because the film originally used had higher resolution than the standard HD formats anyway. Quality 35mm film has a horizontal resolution of approximately [4096 pixels], which is about twice the resolution of the [1080i/1080p] HD format.Imagine getting a VHS quality video, then expanding it to the size of a cinema screen. You realise that the quality would be grainy/pixellated due to the fact you have just stretched an image of a small resolution, to a large one. When tv's were produced in the 90's they were often at a resolution similar to that of a video, so the quality was produced to match what was needed. However since the advent of HD-TV's, they are at a much higher resolution, which could be matched to what you would have found in a cinema. However you couldn't put that image on a cinema screen and expect the same quality. Original copies of the movie were produced at a much higher resolution than early videos, which you are likely comparing your experience to.
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Neural Net "dreams"
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They are using a very large neural network model that was used to classify images into categories.Its probably a convolutional neural net which looks for small features in the image by "scanning" it.These learned features are pretty much stored inside the neural network. which it sees them those neurons fire producing a high output for that category.They did many different experiements and didnt publish how they did all those images. but in many they tell the network what output they want then force the network to work backwards to change the image into an image that would produce the highest output for the category they requested. So if they told it this image has to be an animal the network barfs out all the animal parts it knows onto the image. That way when the image is shown to the network again it produces a high output for animal.The tons of little pictures of different sizes nested with in each other come from the way convlutional layers are stacked.
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Why are added sugars so much worse than natural sugars?
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> Wouldn't it be just as bad to eat an excess amount of natural sugars? Yes. Eating an excess amount of anything can be bad for you. There is nothing inherently "worse" about eating something that has added sugar instead of natural sugar. So long as you are eating the right amount for your body, it will be good for you. Similar goes for fat or other nutrients. Don't ever let the word "Natural" fool you. "Natural" does not equal "healthy" and Artificial does not equal "Unhealthy".Added sugar can *be* natural sugar. Too much sugar is bad. Added sugar means they added sugar, i.e. more sugar. More sugar potentially means a quicker path to 'too much' sugar, because many modern diets are pretty thick with sugar.
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Difference between 32bit and 64bit
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Think a 4 lane highway vs an 8 lane highway . The cars are the information. The amount of lanes does not effect the speed of the cars. Picture 8 cars going down each highway. 8 cars on a 4 lane highway, the car will have to go in two rows of 4. The second row will get there after the first row. 8 cars on an 8 lane highway, all car can get there at the same time. Now picture 1000 cars on either highway. By the time the last car sent gets there on the 8 lane highway, the 4 lane highway would have only been able to deliver less cars. Edit: it's also kind of like a garden hose vs a fire truck hose . Both can have the pressure increased, but the actual output at the same pressure, would be much higher on the fire hose. Increasing the water pressure is like getting a faster CPU. but the 32 or 64 bit motherboard can only transfer so much at one .Imagine that I sent you a letter in the mail. Our standard size paper is 8 1/2 - 11. What if I told you I could send you a letter, with DOUBLE THE SIZE of that sheet? I would be able to write way more on that "double size" paper. Every letter I sent to you would have double the words, and double the information. When a 32 bit piece of information gets sent, it gets sent like a piece of mail. When we introduce 64 bit, we essentially double the "letter size". This allows us to transmit more information with one packet .
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If I got a lot of extra sleep last night, and very little sleep tonight, will that balance out and leave me well rested on Saturday?
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Your body does best with a consistant amount of rest. The extra sleep will likely help get through the long night, but it is unlikely that you'll wake up feeling well rested.No. Sleep is a bit like charging a battery. You can do it until you're fully rested, but sleeping longer won't let you "overcharge".
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If binary is a deterministic process how are computers able to so randomized operations/calculations?
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Usually they're *pseudo-*random number generators. They're actually deterministic, but they're random enough for most purposes. Typically the process is seeded with something like the current time so that the deterministic process starts from a different place each time and you don't get exactly the same results every time. True random number generators have to use an external source of randomness, like the decay of a radioactive sample or the timing of your keypresses and mouse movements.For instance using sensors : Temperature, air humidity, mouse movements, microphone noise and so on.
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What exactly is REALLY going on in the American political scene right now?
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We have a controversial president. He didn't win the popular vote but because he won the right states to win, he beat his opponent. Some argue that he's crass, sexist, and racist and doesn't know what he's doing. Some argue that he's incredibly smart. Some argue that he won because of Russian hacking. Some argue that he has secret ties with Russia that dictate his actions. Some argue that the Russian story is made up by his opponents.
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Why our bodies are more sensitive to wind when we are wet.
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We sweat to release heat from our body. Sweat evaporating takes heat with it. When we are wet, the water is taking heat from our body, too. As it evaporates, it cools us down. Wind removes heat as well, as it is almost always colder than our body. Wind plus water just removes far more heat than either alone. If you were to be in a cold bath and get out into hot wind, they would cancel out a bit, and as the water evaporated you would start to feel warmer. In a hot bath getting out into hot wind, you would immediately feel warmer.
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Why can't I use my Canadian passport in America when I have dual American-Canadian citizenship?
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Most countries don't recognize dual citizenship. They don't outright ban it, but they don't care what other countries think first and foremost, you are their citizen. So to the US, you are an American, how Canada feels about you is irrelevant. Americans must enter the US with a US passport. It is probably true they just assumed you were a Canadian, and since it is easy for Canadians to get into the US, they didn't hassle you. You could revoke your US citizenship, but it probably isn't a great idea: * it is a lot of hassle* it could make it harder for you to enter the US* you would lose the automatic right to work in the US, which could eventually be a big deal to you
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Why does it take Android OEMs so long to get new versions of Android to their phones?
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One of the biggest parts of it is that every phone has a slightly different kernel . Yes, it's all Android, but the specifics are tailored to that specific phone's hardware. If you took the version of Android running on your Galaxy S5 and tried to run it on my Nexus 4, for example, it wouldn't work. That's why every device on the [factory image download page] has a separate link. Thus, carriers have to make sure that the new version of Android is running well enough on their specific devices to warrant a release. Top that with the fact that release testing is hard. I was a software quality assurance intern for a company and I release tested apps, which was tedious enough. I couldn't imagine testing the entire operating system :(
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Why can't we dispose of nuclear waste by putting on a subduction tectonic plate to sink it into the earth's core?
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It would work. But the subduction plates move at the same rate that your toenails grow, or thereabouts. So it would take years and years and years for the waste to disappear. Years that highly radioactive/toxic material is sitting on the ocean floor, polluting the water and killing nearby organisms. Not to mention the difficulty in getting the waste there, which is not a tivial task. It would have to be placed carefully by professionals, as well as transported safely to the location by ship. It's sort of like saying, "why can't we fire radioactive waste into the sun?" We can. There is no meaningful amount of crap we can shoot into the sun that would make it care. It's just getting it there is enormously expensive and if a rocket explodes in the atmosphere or on the launch pad , it 'd be an enormous mess.One thing to keep in mind is that water itself is actually a very good radioactive shield. I'm pretty sure I saw something somewhere where they showed it is actually safe to swim in the radioactive storage pools, the radiation only goes a few feet through water. The problem is that of contamination. If the barrel leak, and the actual material gets absorbed by plants, animals, etc. That spreads the contaminant around. Or if it gets into drinking water that you drink, you no longer have the benefit of the shielding.
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Why are foods associated with times of the day?
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Not scientific at all, just a possible observation. Imagine it's 1910. You don't own a refrigerator. When you wake up in the morning, what seems fastest? Going out to get eggs from the chicken coop, milking a cow, and eating some leftover bread . Slaughtering a chicken, defeathering said chicken then roasting the chicken for several hours. It's likely certain foods became morning foods just because of their ease of access in the morning. Since people didn't exactly have refrigerators, everything had to be eaten fresh. Wake up, get some eggs from the chickens for breakfast, pull a few potatoes out of the celler, grab the milk from the porch and that's your breakfast. Run down to the store and get some cheese, stop at the bakery for some bread, run to the butcher and grab a roast for dinner start cooking at one, five hours later serve dinner leave just a bit left over and make a quick sandwich to throw in a lunch pail for the next day.
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- Why do I see green patterns of flashing light when I press in my closed eyes?
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Basically you can stimulate photoreceptors in the eye with pressure, as opposed to light. The stimulation causes you to see something, in this case a green flashing light pattern.
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How does a Tesla vehicle "see" the car AHEAD OF the car in front of it?
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> Taking this one step further, a Tesla will also be able to bounce the radar signal under a vehicle in front - using the radar pulse signature and photon time of flight to distinguish the signal - and still brake even when trailing a car that is opaque to both vision and radar. source: _URL_0_
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Why the Xbox One included what was used in 4Chan's latest exploit
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This particular set of instructions is not a single feature of the Xbox One, but the linking of a couple of features together to prouce an undesired outcome. Access to a developer console is rather common and whether they intended to leave this access in the shipped product is unclear to me. It can be useful to have lower-level access to the system to repair problems which might occur, so having a strange method of accessing it is not too uncommon. The rest of it is simply asking you to add a command to reboot the system into the boot process making it impossible to fully start your system . Just like how having the ability to delete files from your computer is good and having access to your system files can help an expert fix your computer is good, using your file deletion on your system files is generally not a good idea.
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How am I able to make it home safely after being blackout drunk?
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As your car gets older, you can expect certain things to stop working, but you don't know the order in which they'll stop working. If you car's brakes stop working, that's bad, you're not going anywhere. But if your headlights stop working, it's not going to prevent you from getting home. Being blackout drunk means the mechanism to create memories stopped working, but most other things were still functional. You just couldn't create a memory of what you did. Maybe you're quite functional in that state. It's possible your memory shuts off after fewer drinks than others, and it takes more drinks to shut off your ability to walk or stay awake.
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Why do eyes sometimes change color depending on the day/time of day?
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Eyes do not change color, outside of a slower change as a result of certain diseases. The differences you see are caused by varying light levels, angles, etc. The same way a shirt can seem blue in one light and green in another.
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Difference between United Kingdom, Britain and England
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So if you look at [this map], you will see that England is pink, Scotland is blue, Wales is red, Northern Ireland is yellow, and the Republic of Ireland is green. The United Kingdom is a country made up of England, Northern Ireland, Wales, and Scotland. Great Britain is the island that contains England, Wales, and Scotland. Ireland is its own country.
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why fingertips hurt for a few days after cutting nails a little too short
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The top of your nail is dead, so it doesn't hurt to cut it. If you cut too short you cut the part of the nail that is alive , this will result in pain and possibly bleeding.
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Why do we "run out" of laughter after a laughing fit?
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I don't understand why every person in this sub assumes that everyone experiences exactly what they do. I have no idea wtf you are even talking about here.
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How did they do those human transformations at the end of Michael Jackson's 'Black or White' music video?
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They used "[Morphing]" software to take 2 images, plotted out the similar parts of each and blended them from one to the other.
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Why, when baking, do you have to add different ingredients at different times, using different techniques?
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Cooking is just science that makes you poop.Well, for instance, butter is a solid at room temperature. If you were stirring a bowl of room temperature batter and just dumped melted butter in it, it might form clumps as it re-solidifies, so you pour it slowly while stirring so it mixes evenly in. With wet and dry ingredients, often there is a leavening action going on . This can start to happen as soon as the wet and dry ingredients are mixed, so you mix them separately so you can combine them and start using them quickly, rather than having air bubbles form as you stir and get popped by your spoon, making the food not rise properly once it's baking.
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How radiation and radiation poisoning work?
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depends on the exact type of radiation. there are two types, particle and electromagnetic. bit cause problems by breaking apart molecules in our cells, but how they do this is a bit different. Electromagnetic radiation, which is photons/waves of energy, imparts energy into molecules when it hits them. this makes the molecules move around, possibly making them break up. The higher the frequency the more likely that is to happen, since higher frequencies have more energy. particle radiation, on the other hand, is sub atomic particles moving at high speeds. Think teeny tiny bullets. the bust molecules apart when they hit them. The bigger the perticle, and the faster it is moving, the worse this effect is. just like a real bullet. The larger a molecule is, the more likely it is to get hit by particle radiation. about the biggest molecules in our cells is the DNA. Our cells rely on DNA to make all the proteins they need to function. blast a cell with some particle radiation, bust up it's dna, and it can'e make the stuff inside that it needs to function and it dies.
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What is the Purpose of the Pad Part of a Water Lily?
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Since it's a plant, it needs to get energy from the sun to live . It's easier to do this on the surface than underwater, especially in murky waters like are often found in ponds and lakes.The flower of a water lily is for mating, trading pollen with other lilies, and eventually forming a seed. The pad part is the leaf, just like the leaf of any other plant. It provides the surface area necessary for photosynthesis, and provides the energy that the rest of the plant will use to grow.
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Why have the majority of men in recent history preferred shorter hair then women?
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Hair that is very short cannot be grabbed in battle, so that's why the military uses short hair, traditionally. You might be surprised how much influence the military has on fashion. I believe the modern business suit is a reflection of officer uniforms.
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What causes the "dry spot" in your throat?
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If you feel like just one spot is dry, this is an illusion -- it's actually irritated, not dry. This can be caused by a persistent drip of mucus from your sinuses into your throat, or by a throat infection.
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Why do bugs seem to fly in circles around one when out hiking, particularly around the head?
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Generally, they are either attracted to the carbon dioxide you are exhaling or the body heat you are giving off. For flies, it's the CO2, mosquitoes seek body heat. And the head is usually the hottest part of your body, and it's usually exposed, especially in the type of weather that mosquitoes are an issue.
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Why do YouTube comments' dislike button exist? What does it do?
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It does literally nothing. In fact, if you dislike a comment then hit f5 and it won't even show that you hit the dislike button.
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Why do people post questions here that could easily be googled?
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Because googling it wouldn't get you an answer that is dumbed down and simplistic. It also wouldn't give you the opportunity to ask follow-up questions of the answerer if you still don't understand the concept.
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What is a "non-member observer state", and what does this mean for Palestinians?
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Its a half-way step to becoming a full-blown member of the UN. It is recognized as an official country , which means they get to send a representative to sit in and listen to the goings-on in the UN , but not cast any votes .
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How do they take crystal clear pictures of jets going supersonic speeds?
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Two methods in combination: very fast shutter speeds, like 1/1000 of a second or less -- I've taken pictures of helicopters this way where it doesn't look like the rotors are moving. Also, follow along with the plane as it moves. Any background trees or whatever will probably end up blurry, but the plane will be sharp. You'd use this approach for taking pictures of birds in flight as well. Good cameras also have auto-focus features that can adjust focus on objects that are moving toward or away from you.
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(Serious) The thought process that leads doctors to choose to become proctologists, gynecologists or urologists.
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I can think of three reason: 1) Money - If these positions pay more money, doctors will follow. 2) Demand - Perhaps a lot of doctors do not want want to be urologists and such. However, since fewer doctors take these jobs, these positions will more available. So the doctor has the choice to compete against 100 other doctors to be become a neurosurgeon, or can take the guaranteed gynecologist job. 3) Personal motivation - Some doctor specialize in certain areas due to personal reasons. A doctor might choose to become a cardiologist because his father died of heart failure. I'm sure this type of motivation might exist for gynecologists as well.All those fields pay very well, and most doctors in those specialties work solely based on appointments which is much less stressful than working in, say, an ICU. I know it seems like it would be a gross job, but there's no part of the medical profession that isn't gross. A "regular doctor" like an MD or PCP has to touch other people's junk and assholes on a daily basis too.
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I don't have a lisp speech impediment but can mimic one if I try, why can't someone that has a lisp speech impediment do the same in regards to speaking without one?
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Sometimes, the lisp is the result of the shape of the mouth and teeth. In such a case, you may as well say "I don't need a wheelchair, but I can still use one. Why can't disabled people just walk?" Often, though, it's psychological, and can be trained away by a speech therapist. That's why lisps are more common in children than adults.It takes time and effort, and typically money for a speech therapist, to re-learn how to speak. If parents or teachers don't take action to correct a speech impediment in a child, that child will grow up not recognizing that they have a problem, or may not know it can be corrected, or may simply have grown accustomed to it and feel no pressure to change. Children also learn more easily than adults, so if it's not corrected in childhood it takes a lot of motivation to work on it as an adult.Similar to why you can mimic a limp easier than someone with an injured leg could mimic a normal walk. People have lisps or speech impediments because of some sort of physical or psychological abnormality, though perhaps one that can be corrected with effort depending on the causeSome people actually can, but it takes a lot of practice and a lot of effort. I was pretty surprised when I woman I went to college with and always spoke "normally" suddenly started lisping when talking to me outside of class. She had gotten comfortable enough around me that she dropped "the act." And, as others have pointed out, if there's something physically wrong with your mouth, you're not going to completely get rid of a lisp no matter how hard you try.
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how gas planets form differently than terrestrial planets
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Two major theories: 1: They form much like rocky planets and infact have a rock or ice core. Basically they just form earlier when there's more gas in the disk around teh star. 2: They form kinda like stars in that you get clumps of denser gas in places which can pull more gas toward itself and so on. They just form late enough that there isn't enough mass available for them to become stars or brown dwarfs.
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How does Walmart justify its employees costing taxpayers $6+ Billion in government assistance a year? How (why) do they get away with it?
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Why does Walmart in particular need to be held responsible for the government assistance its employees use? Is Walmart is inherently more evil because they pay people similar wages/benefits as other retail stores simply because they're larger? What about food service giants or other industries which predominantly keep people on part time hours for barely livable wages? Essentially, I'm not clear on exactly what you want answered because I do not understand the premise of your question. They get away with it because the entire industry gets away with it and the alternative is not economically feasible.
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How the fuck do I keep coriander/cilantro alive?
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Give it deep soil, water enough to just keep 1"down damp. DO NOT overwater and give at least 5-8 hours of sun each day. Anything above 20° 60° is warm enough.
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Why do some fermented drinks need yeast, and some other drinks need yeast and bacteria (scoby)?
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Fermentation with yeast and without bacteria is alcoholic fermentation, with bacteria lacto fermentation. Kombucha isn't intended to be an alcoholic drink, although it does contain some alcohol.But if you want an alcoholic drink you would use yeast and not a scoby to ferment the sugar water. If you want a drink with probiotics you can use a Kombucha culture or Kefir grains.
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How much did the recent deluge in SoCal help the drought?
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Helps a little short term, but yeah, it needs to be in the mountains and **a lot** more than what we just got. The ocean is pretty gross right now, for what it's worth. I wouldn't swim for a few days at least.From my understanding snow pack is what we need. Rain like this dosnt really do much except cause mud slides, floods, and rapid growth. That growth will cause brush fires later on.
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Why aren't more laws created or changed by grandfathering them in years or even decades from now?
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Because a grandfathered in law can still be changed before it goes into effect. Sure, *now* it won't hit hard, but in 10 years when it's about to happen? People in Congress *then* are going to be de-elected if it actually goes into effect. So, they'll put it off, or scrap it. Besides that, setting a policy to happen in 30 years is frankly stupid. No one has any idea what the state of the world will be in 30 years, and whether that'd be a sensible policy at all at that point.Because reformists are just as short-sighted as reactionaries. No one can take credit for changes that will happen in 2116 in the 2016 election. I like the way you think, though.
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Lewy Bodies and Parkinson’s Disease
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Basically, there's this region in the brain called *substantia nigra pars compacta*. This region is rich in dopaminergic neurons and is, roughly speaking, responsible for fine motor movement. Parkinson's disease happens when dopaminergic neurons on this part of the brain begin to commit apoptosis . Lewy bodies are protein aggregates that develop inside nerve cells and displace normal cell function, and can promote apoptosis. They're also related to other neurological disorders.
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Why do bees die when they lose their stingers?
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Most bees will never reproduce, so sacrificing their lives for the colony does not effect the evolution. When a stinger is left in its victim it causes greater pain and incentive to stay away from the colony, effecting the evolution.They die because the stinger is barbed and sticks into the skin and doesn't come out, and because it connects to the entire contents of their abdomen. The only way for the bee to get off is to be torn apart. I was once stung by a bee. Its stinger was in my skin. I took hold of its upper body and pulled it off gently. The stinger remained stuck in, and the upper body tore away along with most of the outer casing of the abdomen. What remained was a poison gland and connected muscles, visibly pumping like a heart to inject more poison into me. I had to scrape that out. Bees can die when stinging because they don't sting to hunt - only to defend the nest. The suicide-payload approach allows each bee to be metabolically cheaper but still dangerous. They rarely have to use the payload - the threat of it keeps animals that would threaten the nest away.
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How does my car radio pick up digital details (station, artist, song) on just FM reception?
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The FM signal actually contains different parts separated from eachother and one of those is the [RDS or Radio Data System] used to send program information. [Here] is an illustration of different parts of a FM signal. The green to the left if the mono signal, after that comes the pilot tone that tells the reciever it is a stereo transmission and then the stereo signal information followed by the RDS data. And the radio does know what to do with these different parts.
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If we (the human race) somehow become immortal, aren't we basically dooming ourselves?
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If we were to become immortal, there wouldn't be a need to adapt. If the end game of evolution is to create something that is able to survive as long as possible, then immortality would be the endgame.
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why does hearing and balance happen in the same organ?
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Evolution often creates the simplest system that works the most efficiently. In order to hear, your body has a complex series of physical reactions that happen in your ear transcribing sound waves. The last stage of this transcription, which converts the sound wave messages into neural signals, takes place in fluid-filled tubes deep in your inner ear. The reason that this is usable to find balance is that fluids are, when at rest, always level with the plane of gravity. For example, when you have water in a cup, and tilt the cup, the water remains level with the ground. Your inner ear uses the same property of fluids to create a sense of balance. Construction levels use the same property. This is why very loud sounds are disorienting to your sense of balance. When your inner ear is strongly disrupted, the fluids are moving in a way that doesn't actually reflect your body's position in relation to the ground.
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Why are domestic or shorthaul flights in the USA/Canada so much more expensive that comparable distance air travel in Europe?
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A main reason: more competition not only by other airlines but also trains, as Europe has a resonabley fine rail network including highspeed trains between mayor centers. Also you have to be carefull with airfare quotes as they often do not include various fees.It actually has a lot to do with Airport taxes, and Nav Canada fees. Nav Canada charges landing fees, Terminal area fees, etc. The Toronto airport charges 7 dollars per seat for a landing fee, and then 17 dollars per 1000kg landing fees. All these miscellaneous fees get passed on to customers. In the US, a lot of these fees are skipped in favour of attracting business. There has been motions passed to the government trying to lower these fees as the GTA loses 6 million passengers a year to US flying. As a pilot for a airline, it's frustrating for it to be cheaper some days to fly out of the US, than my own airline.In your example you quote flight in Canada. In Canada its almost monopoly on flights, plus there are a lot of unions involved that demand certain rate of pay, which airline passes on to you. In US there are way more airlines, therefore more competition. Flight from Toronto to Seattle would cost you $600, but if you take 2 hour $30 bus ride to Buffalo you cant fly to Seattle for $400 .
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How do animators match up the characters' mouths with the voice actors' words?
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They record the voices first, almost always. They time out the syllables by listening to the audio, and figuring out when each syllable hits what frame in the timeline. They then animate the mouth syllable at a time, and then fill in "half-way" drawings between the syllables, as necessary. In computer animation, it can be done similar to traditional animation, but they 'd be changing the CG model rather than drawing. Conversely, they could use other techniques, such as motion capture or even automated systems that understand the sounds being made and match up the lipsWhat djmcomics said.. However, when you see dubbed Anime, the animation is obviously already there so the voice actors have to match the "lip flap." A lot of that is accomplished by the writers. You might notice that anime can sound kind of hokey, verbally. It's not because of translation. A lot of it is finding the right words to match the lip flap. If you have Netflix streaming, John DiMaggio's Documentary called "I Know That Voice" has recently been added, and you can see a lot of behind-the-scenes of animation voice acting and a bunch of great actors like Rob Paulsen, Mark Hamill, Jeff Bennett, Nolan North, Tara Strong, Billy West, etc.
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Why can't I tickle myself but can sexually stimulate myself?
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Ticklish-ness is thought to be a warning system against spiders and insects that could present a bigger risk that their actual size/touch would indicate. This is why a light, unexpected touch causes an overreaction from the nervous system - tingles everywhere. Sex is different - it's not a reflex sensation, and is largely mental/hormonal in nature. Touch/friction is a huge component, but it's a conscious act rather than an involuntary warning system.
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- Why do we laugh? Is it learned, or is it something that we just do?
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I read recently that blind people smile instinctualy even though they have never seen others smile. Perhaps laughter is the same.
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Why is it really necessary to blur out product names on some shows?
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There are quite a few different reasons why they 'd block out the logo on a can of cola, for example, but there are 3 primary ones I can think of: A) They want to avoid conflict with companies whose advertisements run during the commercial break B) They want to avoid legal action if the content of the show is potentially offensive and the company doesn't want their product associated with it. C) "There are no free lunches" - why show a character drinking a Coke during an episode for free when you can potentially get a brand to pay for product placement?', "They wish to avoid: * conflict with current advertisers* conflict with potential future advertisers* current or future controversy associated with the product * upsetting an advertiser who doesn't want their product associated with that show* diluting the value of the advertising and product placement revenues With the way syndication works, their show could still be earning money for them ten, twenty years from now there is just no way to know what the future holds. If one of their characters is always drinking Mt. Dew, and five years form now they find Mt. Dew causes testicular cancer or secretly supported terrorism, that will undermine the marketability of their show.
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Why are there no national referendums in the United States like there are in other countries?
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The US constitution simply does not have any procedures in place or allowance for a national referendum, so there isn't one. There have been amendments proposed to do just this, usually with a specific case in mind, but they have never gotten anywhere. This makes tremendous sense that the framers of the constitution specifically did not include a national referendum or any national votes into the constitution and laws. At the time, the US was still viewed as a collection of states who were sorta independent little countries, but agreed to have connections for the better of them all, but they were not really a unified country as today . Having a national vote is a bit contrary to this, even the presidential election process was state based, not national.
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