query
stringlengths 8
249
| answer
stringlengths 45
7.8k
|
|---|---|
The Control Group of a science experiment. How does giving a placebo to a control group do anything?
|
Let's say you invent a drug that prevents cancer. You have a group of people who are taking it, and another group of people who are taking a sugar pill. You're going to monitor them for 10 years and see which group has better cancer outcomes. Over the course of those 10 years, though, the city realizes that the air and water are super polluted and causing people to get cancer. So they clean it up. At the end of 10 years, both groups have gone down in cancer, but the group taking your drug went down more. Without the control group, you'd have no way of distinguishing the effects of your drug from the effects of other changes in the environment.
|
Why do touchscreen phones never lose calibration?
|
Most phone touch screens use capacitive touch, while other things, like computer touch screens use resistive touch. I'm no expert, but you can find more information on this article:_URL_0_", 'the one you mention sound like a resistive touch screen, resistive touch screen there is a gap between the touch part and the actual screen behind it. the touching detection is dependence on the gap different. thus is require calibration in order to capture a true result. capacitive touch screen are modem days handphones, they are programmed to just reflect light off to determine if it is touch or not. hence or unless the screen is broken, it does not require calibration.
|
What makes a song part of the Pop genre?
|
"pop" is short for "popular" and it's more of a status than a genre.
|
Who is Guy Fawkes, why is he so important, and what is the big deal with his mask?
|
Guy Fawkes planned to blow up a few very important buildings. The Gunpowder Plot, as it was known, was going to blow up the House of Lords, but he failed when someone tipped off the feds. On Nov 5 they found him with a bunch of gunpowder and and they executed him So on the 5th of November people let off fireworks. It's sort of a weird holiday, since they blow stuff up in honor of the fact that stuff was not blown up, but there it is. Then there was media. With movies and comics like V for Vendetta and the internet group Anonymous picking up his mask as a symbol for revolution, it became a much bigger deal than it ever was. In V's case, the mask was steeped in symbolism concerning the plot of the media In Anon's case, I think it's more of an irony. No one knows who you are under a mask and some trolls undoubtedly argue that they are fighting for social change.Guy Fawkes was a guy who tried to blow up the British Parliament in 1604. More recently the mask that bears his name was used in the movie V for Vendetta, where V started a revolution against a futuristic fascist British Government
|
Why did a nest of ants suddenly die off?
|
Where? Urban, suburban, or rural? For suburban/urban, insecticides like Borax may have been carried into the nest. In rural areas, it is likely flooding, or in the winter, freezing. An interesting rare event is a "death spiral," where an ant will accidentally walk in their own closed pheromone loop, and more ants join in. Soon, the whole nest will enter it and starve. Quick, put a category on!
|
Why do some songs on pop radio stations just now start to be played when they are months to a year old?
|
The record labels control when radio starts playing music. I don't listen to pop radio much, but I feel like "Take me to Church" became popular without radio, then the label released it to radioIt takes a while for shit to stack, then once it does it all comes falling at once.
|
When you smell someone's fart, are you inhaling microscopic vaporized pieces of decal matter?
|
Most of what you smell is methane and other gases produced during digestion. Not fecal matter.No, it's just gas. [Mercaptan] being a primary component.
|
When a video is uploaded over and over again on youtube, what is physically happeening to make the video quality get worse each time?
|
Compression. A typical camera records 1080p 30fps at 17Mbps, which is just under 1GB/min. Whereas a typical bitrate on YouTube is ~3Mbps, which is < 1/5 the size. Every time you re-upload it, YouTube goes through the whole compression process again. Compression is where they take a group of similar looking colors and make them a single color . So, when you re-upload it, the video already has a lot of these groups of similar colors, so it makes these groupings even larger by combining some portions from another group, and so on and so forth. [Here is an example of extreme compression].Video as a format is very tricky, since you're trying to store hundreds of thousands of pictures in a single file. Converting each frame into a .png would inflate the file size of any video to absurd proportions. That is because .png is a lossless format designed for images, which means that zero information is lost when recording the pixels. JPEG is slightly better when it comes to storing complex images with small file sizes, since it approximates a bit to make the files compress nicely. A small amount of data is lost, but the end result is nearly identical to the original one so the human eye can't see much difference. Video files work like JPEGs. They take a lot of shortcuts to keep the file size down, which is helped by a fact that a lot of the frames are very similar to the ones after and before them. Instead of storing each pixel individually, you store them in blocks and keep track of which blocks are repeating. Then you can make small adjustments to them and replace almost similar blocks with identical ones with little loss of quality. Or you can pick a frame and then only record the differences between it and the next few dozen ones. When you do this over and over again, the shortcuts add up. Each trick the compression algorithm does loses some of the original data, and if you recompress the file enough you end up with nothing but white noise and arbitrarily colored shapes when the data is constantly being lost.
|
Regarding when people say the baby boomers or gen X ruined the housing market for us millennials, what exactly did they do and how are they to blame for the state it's in now?
|
When population grows and the number of housing units doesn't grow proportionally, property prices go up, just due to the law of supply and demand. This is good for people who already own property and bad for people who want to purchase property. Typically, people who already own property are politically far more powerful than people who don't yet own property , so they tend to be able to get their way. Over the past 50 years or so, that's resulted in a lot of anti-development policies, along with other reasons why existing property owners don't want new development, chiefly that they simply want to live in a less-dense neighborhood. It's hard to build new housing in many places, which means that new development has slowed and prices have risen significantly. Combined with stagnating real wages, that means that it's a lot harder to buy a house for a young person nowadays than it was 50 years ago.
|
What is a covered bond? And how do they work?
|
Covered bonds are bonds that are secured by an underlying pool of assets, known as the cover pool. Investors buy covered bonds and so they have claim on the underlying pool. The underlying pool generate cash flow, and that cash flow is passed on to the covered bond holders.
|
Why does gas you get in the US have so much lower octane numers than in germany?
|
Your octane numbers and our octane numbers don't mean the same thing. From an engineering perspective the octane number is actually a kind of hilariously arbitrary number that basically boils down a bunch of different fuel qualities, that all both individually *and* collectively control a fuel's likelihood to knock, all into a single number, and because of that the precise testing for octane numbers changes depending on the body doing the regulation. So it would be entirely possible for two utterly identical batches of fuel to get different octane ratings when tested by different countries. However, our fuels are also slightly different, as Europe is going to have a slightly different set of additives than we get in the US, but that doesn't really account for most of the difference; the differing standards do.
|
Why is Japan receiving the most hatred for whaling when other countries such as Norway and Iceland is doing it as well ?
|
Many other places that hunt whales have strong cultural history of whaling and/or an actual need for whale meat as a food staple. Japan has neither and yet has been one of the most ardent pro-whaling nations on earth. They continue to ignore International rules on whaling for food and instead hunt on the flimsy pretext of 'research'. Nations like Greenland and the Faroe's admit that their whaling is for food and materials and keep within international whaling guidlines. It also doesn't help that Japan sends massive fleets half way around the world into other nations regions to hunt whales, while other nations generally whale within their own geographical region.Norway and Iceland whale mostly Mink whales that are nowhere near endangered. They keep careful tabs on whaling licenses and do it sustainably. This is not the case with Japanese whalers, who often hunt endangered whales in international waters. They also often catch and kill dolphins, which are widely regarded as nearly sentient, or at least intelligent.
|
How can humans sense when they are being watched?
|
We can't. It is confirmation bias in action. Basically, you have been watched countless times. One of those times you got a funny feeling and happened to notice someone watching you. Ever since, whenever you get that feeling, you believe someone is watching you.Edit wrong phrase.we cannot. in no rigorous study has it been proved we can tell when others are watching us without being able to see themyour eyes can see a lot more than you consciously realize, in some ways - so sometimes you just see someone in the extremes of your peripheral vision, and your brain can still tell they're looking at you. We're really good at picking out human faces and what they're doing, even if we can't see it in very much detail.
|
What is the purpose of creating super-huge elements that only last a few nanoseconds.
|
Often times, science isn't done with any practical application in mind. It's all about discovery. Perhaps, in the creation of a super heavy element, we discover some new field of quantum physics. Making them stable is less important than just seeing what happens as they're made and decay.It helps us to learn more about how atoms work. But no, these specific elements are not going to be stable. A few even bigger ones might be *somewhat* stable. _URL_0_', "its just experimental. maybe the element they get out has interesting or very useful properties, you don't know until you try
|
Why isn't everyone using hypnosis sessions or recordings to unlock languages stored in your brain, weight loss tricks, etc?
|
Anything can work for quitting smoking, because the trick is just to somehow convince yourself that you do not want to want to smoke anymore. A hypnosis session might work just because you think it will. Hypnosis sessions cannot give you knowledge you never had , and there are *no* clinically proven methods to achieve consistent and permanent weight loss.
|
How/what is starting the heart when in uterus. What initiates that very first heartbeat?
|
In human embryos the heart begins to beat at about 22-23 days, with blood flow beginning in the 4th week when the nutritional and oxygen requirements of the growing embryo can no longer be met by diffusion from the placenta. The heart is therefore one of the earliest differentiating and functioning organs^[1]. The electrical stimulus that causes the [heart muscle] to contract is *myogenic*, which means it arises within the heart tissue itself and doesn't require any external input.The cells in the heart are special and different from the rest of the cells in your body for lots of reasons, a few of these reasons that are important are: automaticity, excitability, and conductivity. Briefly, Automaticity: Within the way the cells are designed and coded by DNA, they have the ability to "turn themselves on". They can create their own electrical impulse. Excitability: If cell A receives an impulse from cell B, then Cell A has the ability to react to that. Conductivity: The cells have the ability to send impulses to each other. The heart doesn't beat until it is fully formed *KIND OF*. The heart is divided into 4 chambers, right and left, atria and ventricles . Normally the blood flow would go R-Atria - > R-Ventricle - > Lungs - > L-Atria - > L-Ventricle - > your whole body - > rinse and repeat. Fetuses are special though. They have two valves in their heart that close once they take their first breath of air. So once they 've been birthed. These two valves basically make it so the top two chambers are connected, so until the fetus breathes it skips the whole lung ordeal. TL;DR: Heart cells tell themselves to beat for the first time because that's what their DNA says to do. The heart is beating but is actually just giving the moms blood to the fetus brain and organs because fetus isn't breathing yet. So it isn't making its own oxygenated blood.
|
How is body damage on a car (dents, scratches, etc) repaired?
|
- Most scratches can be fixed with touch-up paint. - Minor, non-creased dents can be fixed with a dent puller, basically a suction cup. - Larger dents, or creases, can be fixed with something called body puddy, or bondo-o. Essentially you fill in the dent with the puddy until it approximates the original curve of the body, sand it smooth and then paint it to match the surrounding body.Depending on the damage to the car, there can be two ways a body shop will fix damage. 1) Replace parts, bumpers, fenders, hood, lights etc. There are companies that make replacement parts for cars. Another option to find a replacement body part is to buy one from a salvage yard - the place where totaled cars go to be parted out and finally crushed and sent off to be processed. -OR- If the part is not damaged enough to need to be replaced, a bodyman will use a variety of tools and methods to fix the body panel. Sometimes a hammer is all that is need to make the body panel line back up. If the panel has a large dent in it, sometimes the body man will weld or attach rods to the panel and use a special tool to pull on the rods which makes the dent pop out. Now these types of repair can get the body panel close, but not perfect. The final thing a body man will do before painting the panel is to fill the panel and make it smooth. They use different types of body filler - think like clay - and once is dries it becomes very hard. Next they sand and file the filler to match the original shape. Body filler is normally a thin coat on top of the metal. There are body shops that will simply just add a bunch of filler to a dent instead of trying to shape it back before adding filler, in order to cut corners or cheat you. Hope that helps, if you wanted info on something else like painting or salvage vehicle repair, I'll try my best to answer
|
What makes hypoallergenic dogs/cats hypoallergenic?
|
The part that makes people allergic to cats is actually a protein found in their saliva. When a cat licks herself, she deposits the protein on her skin, and when it dries off, the flakes become airborne and trigger symptoms of allergy in people. So, it's not the fur that's the issue, it's the dead skin. In short, there's no cat that's 100% hypoallergenic, they can only produce less of the protein FEL D1 than regular cats. Some cats tend to be preferred because of trial and error, and even then, some of the most likely to not cause allergies still do because maintenance is required to make those pets optimal.No animal is truly hypoallergenic. It all depends on what exactly has the most protein and how much the animal's activities put those things into the air. This will determine how sensitive the allergic person is to the animal. Even so-called "hypoallergenic" breeds may elicit a serious reaction and other breeds or individual animals may not. This is why an allergic person even considering adopting or purchasing an animal should meet the individual animal first and observe reactions. My son is dog allergic but reacted horribly to a shih-tzu we were considering buying--but reacted not at all to our rat terrier mix. Nothing is more important when looking at individual allergies than examining the individual animalBiologically and structurally there is no difference between hair and fur. Both are a outgrowth of a protein called keratin, which also makes up things like nails and claws. Fur is used to describe animal with thick coats , hair is usually reserved to describe animals with thin, sparse coats .
|
why can’t gravity be unified with other forces?
|
Oooh good one. I don't have an answer but I really hope someone does. This is gonna be interesting AF
|
Why is it that when I am standing I get tired easily, but when I am walking I can walk for much longer
|
I'm just here to say great question. But then sometimes i stand and its not as tiring as just standing.
|
Why does not every rain storm have lightning and thunder?
|
Lightning only occurs in high energy storms. This means they have a lot of CAPE . It can rain with low CAPE, but it doesn't necessarily come with lightning. High CAPE results in storms with considerably more energy. Areas like the West Coast of the US or the UK are examples of areas that consistently have enough precipitable moisture, but hardly ever experience substantial CAPE values. Areas where it is raining out West right now have CAPE values around 250 J/KG. Tomorrow the parts of the southern plains that will experience severe weather will have CAPE values of 3000 to 4500 J/KG, or more than 10 times as much energy to work with.
|
Batteries - Generic Vs. Name Brand
|
Check for an expiration date on the Kroger batteries. Sometimes the no-name batteries have been sitting in a warehouse for years before they get put on a shelf and someone buys them. From my experiences buying batteries from Amazon, I've seen the big names usually put an expiration date on the pack, as if to show they stand behind their product, while the lesser brand batteries almost never have an expiration date. They don't want you to know the batteries you're buying are probably already half dead.More than likely you got a bad batch of batteries. Most "generic" batteries that I know of are made by one of the big guys and just repackaged and sold at a lower price. Yes the margins will be lower for them but they have a chance to steal sales away from one another. I used to work at an Ace Hardward and our Ace brand batteries were manufactured by Duracell. Because of this, we had to dedicate space on our shelves to Ace Brand and Duracell and could not have as extensive of a stock of Engergizer or Rayovac brands. Further to answer your question. The batteries could have varying ages and will lose charge over time even though they haven't hit their expiration date. That could be another reason you got a bad battery.The baby is also likely getting heavier. I'm curious if the name brands would lat as long now a few months on
|
Why is it when someone eats a piece of sharp cheddar cheese, they get the sensation like their forehead and cheeks are sweating?
|
I have never encountered this and I eat sharp cheddar often, some weeks daily. I have also never heard of anyone encountering this. If you get a flushed or sweating sensation when eating a food and it is not overly spicy then you are likely having some kind of allergic reaction or intolerance reaction and you need to get that checked out and possibly avoid that food. You can also get those reactions from being allergic to spicy foods but it is harder to tell because those reactions are normal to spicy foods even when you are not allergic.
|
If employer applications state they will not discriminate against you based on your race or gender, why do they still ask for that information?
|
It's usually kept separate from the application, so the recruiter doesn't read it.They will use it if someone tries to claim discrimination to prove they aren't discriminating.Many employers are required by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to collect race and gender informationTheoretically, identifying information like gender or race are "scrubbed" from the application before its given to the hiring manager. Before that, the whole application is stored in a database, and any other files like interview scores are kept with it. In the event that an individual or group sues the business for discrimination, either intentional or accidental, the business can pull all those files and prove that they didn't treat any applicant differently, or that their practices don't harm any specific protected class.Think about it this way - if they didn't ask for your race and gender, would they need to tell you they don't discriminate? Not trying to be snarky or anything, maybe a bit humorous, but just another way of looking at it. The other answers also seem correct.The government and the laws. Any HR person will tell you about all of the records they need to keep to report statistics like age, gender, race.
|
Why are the cooking estimates on Frozen Foods always wrong even if you directly follow the instructions?
|
Cooking times vary due to the variance in appliances. However, I've noticed that with my particular oven, stovetop, and microwave, the estimated cooking times are pretty much spot-on. Perhaps you have equipment that either cooks too hot or not hot enough to match the expected cooking time. Adjust as necessary.My guess? They average out the time for a spectrum of different devices. Those devices vary greatly in power output, effectiveness etc so the remote chance that YOUR individual microwave lines up perfectly with the one the testers used is pretty slim, so you end up with incorrectly heated food. They usually include a "cooking times may vary" style caveat to the directions to attempt to cover themselves though.Every microwave/oven/toaster is different. The instructions are based off whatever one they used to test the product with. For example if they say a hot pocket takes 2 minutes in an 1100 watt microwave and yours is 700 or 1100 but it's 20 years old and doesn't work as good as it used to, no matter how well you follow the instructions it's not exact.
|
Why are South Koreans protesting and demanding their president resigns?
|
Basically, the South Korean President has admitted to being heavily influenced by a group of women who have no place in politics. They are the mostly the wives of large South Korean business-owners who have used her power to profit and further their own agendas. Tinfoil hat aside, it's more of a cult of personality that has operated in the form of a "shadow government." Citizens are quite upset because the democracy is a sham, and again, the President has admitted to itThis is a pretty crazy and comprehensive read _URL_0_
|
why is oil "slippery" ?
|
The defining property of oils is that they are [hydrophobic]. Hydrophobic molecules are non-polar. That means that the molecules don't really stick to anything. So when you push down on liquid oil, the the molecules just slide around.
|
Pokemon cards. How are they made?
|
Are you asking how are they physically printed, or how do the legal rights to make them operate, or who decides what pictures and text go on each card?
|
Why is it so much easier to set our biological clocks one hour back than it is to set them one hour forward?
|
Most people are some level of sleep deprived, and can easily "catch up" on an hour of sleep. Missing an hour of sleep is rough, and it's still pretty rough trying to get to bed an hour earlier.
|
How come when I log in correctly, my computer instantly let's me in, but when I type it in wrong it takes 2 seconds before telling me it was incorrect?
|
This is actually a security feature - it slows down attackers. If they're trying a bunch of different passwords that might be yours , then making it take a couple of seconds to fail means it will take the attacker a ***LONG*** time to try a significant number of passwords. Then it's more likely that someone will notice what they're up to and can stop them before they actually get anything.
|
Why doesn't McDonald's food decompose?
|
It does. Those videos are very misleading, and involve fast food that appears to decompose very little only because it is kept in dry conditions , and then opposed to food kept in more humid conditions that decomposes very rapidly. It's complete BS.
|
As a 27M who has smoked since the age of 16, how much of a recovery can my body make from quitting, how long will it take?
|
When you quit smoking, the inflammation in the airways goes down. The little hair-like projections in the airways that we call cilia begin to work again. So the lungs will get better in weeks to months. Breathing will get better. Exercise capacity will get better. Paradoxically, people find that they cough a little more right after they stop smoking, but that's natural. That's the lungs cleaning themselves out. But if you've been smoking a long time and have developed any chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, the lungs will never totally heal, for example - Chronic bronchitis. It is an inflammation of the airway, Some of that inflammation can be reversed.
|
Why do governments allow car makers to advertise diesel cars as CO2 friendly (less than 100 g/km) if they pollute far more than similar petrol engines?
|
Diesel engines are generally more energy efficient than petrol engines, i.e., they are "CO2 friendly" as you put it and so contribute less to global warming. What's wrong with being able to advertise that? Diesels do have more of a problem with some types of pollution but that's in many ways a separate issue.
|
if traits like Hypertrichosis (werewolf syndrome) or Polydactyly (extra fingers) are dominant traits, why aren't they more common in the general population?
|
Just because something is a dominant trait doesn't mean it will end up spreading to everyone thanks to our old friend natural selection. If having a trait, even a dominant trait, causes you to be less likely to survive and pass on your genes, it will eventually be weeded out of the gene pool.
|
Is there any way to find the curve of the earth using Geometry, if so, how?
|
Early calculations used the sun and shadows to help calculate the curvature of the Earth. Eratosthenes did this calculation using the shadows cast by the sun to find the angle of the earth's curvature, then he used the distance between those points to estimate the circumference of the Earth. He was fairly close, he guessed it was 25,000 miles when it's actually 24,902 miles. If the points aren't on the same line of longitude , then you can still do it. In Euclidean space, triangles have 180 degrees. On curved surfaces, this isn't always true. Draw a "triangle" on the surface on the earth with two points on the equator and one on the North Pole. The angle between the points on the Equator and the North Pole is 90 degrees . Just those two angles will be 180, and we still need to add the angle at the North Pole. Knowing these points, we can know the relative sizes of the triangle in terms of the sphere. Plug in one of the side lengths and we can know the sphere's curvature.
|
Why do we still use gunpowder in ammunition instead of other explosives that have a much greater energy to volume ratio?
|
No matter what explosive we use in guns, we'll still call it "gunpowder" even if it's not a powder. It's just a name that stuck. But we 've actually changed the formula several times. With small arms, you actually want to limit the speed at which the agent explodes, if you can believe it. Too much energy too fast, and you have to compensate with a stronger, heavier barrel. If you can time it just right, then the explosion provides continuous pressure for the duration of the slug's trip down the barrel. Modern \'gunpowder\' is designed that way. Rather than just being the simple black powder that Captain Kirk cobbled together to kill an alien lizard-man, it's now little pellets optimized for stability, timing, reduction of smoke, and power.except you don't want an explosive. you want a combustion. explosive would expand too fast. you want a controlled combustion and expansion so you don't create too much pressure in the chamber and blow out the steel barrel and end up with this:_URL_0_ or worse, a bomb with steel shrapnel flying into the shooter's face.
|
What is a broadcast domain?
|
Each network has a broadcast address - if packets are sent to that address, they will be sent to all hosts on the network. The broadcast domain is simply the set of all hosts that will be reached by a broadcast on the network.
|
If human skin 'regenerates' itself within ~35 days, why don't tattoos disappear along with it?
|
Tattoo ink penetrates through the first layer of skin, the epidermis, into the deeper layer - the dermis. The epidermis is the layer that routinely sloughs off old skin cells. The cells of the dermis are far more stable and does not shed like the epidermis leaving the tattoo intact.
|
If a supersonic jet has a flattened "nose", will the sonic boom be louder?
|
The loudness of the sonic boom is essentially proportional to the amount of air the aircraft displaces at or above the speed of sound. If the nose affects how much air the plane is actually displacing, then it will change how loud the boom is.
|
Why is it easier to balance on a moving bike than one at rest?
|
So, everyone so far has mentioned inertia and the gyroscopic effect. While these do have an effect, they aren't what keeps the bike from falling over. Simply put, the mass and speeds of the bike aren't enough to counter act you falling over. The true reason why you don't fall over is centrifugal force. If you were to start to lean to the left, the bike starts to take a curved path. This generates a centrifugal force which pushes the top of the bike back to being vertical. Here's the link to an actual [paper on this topic]. If you don't have a math/physics background then you can just jump to the end of it and read the first paragraph of the conclusion.
|
What determines how fast a person metabolizes alcohol?
|
The average male metabolizes .015%-.020% of their BAC every hour. Three pints of 4.5% ABV beer would put you at .086, or just over the legal limit to drive. 3 hours later would put you at a BAC of .041-.026, the lower end of that estimate being not only well under the legal driving limit, but under the BAC that people even tend to feel "buzzed" at. You're sobering up at a completely normal rate, it's not unusual at all for someone of your weight to not feel anything after 3 hours. Now, if you had slammed down a six pack and 3 hours later still felt totally sober, that would just be you having a high tolerance. Sometimes it comes from routine drinking, some people just have it affect them less. Mind you, high tolerance DOES NOT affect your BAC or how fast you can get it out of your system, it just affects how you feel at a given BAC level. You would, in that case, be skirting the line almost exactly at a .08, but even if you passed a roadside "walk-the-line" test would still technically be over the limit and could get nailed for a DUI on that. [Here's] a good calculator that lets you fine tune the settings. I wouldn't use this to decide whether to drive or not, but if you 've ever wondered how long it would take you to get your BAC down after a given quantity of alcohol, it can sort of give you a clueWhat is your weight, height, and gender? Do you drink on a regular basis? Did you eat while you drank the beers?
|
What are those jets for in the sky, and why do they leave behind a trail of white behind them?
|
The airplanes are for transportation of goods and people. They fly very high to reduce drag with less-dense air and to avoid other planes. The trails are kind of like little clouds made from the stuff in the air swirling around as the airplane moves through it. These are called contrails. This is kind of the same effect you get as you drag your hand through water and cause the swirling ripples. Some differences are the density of air and water, the particulates like dust and water vapor in the air, and the size and speed of the wings on the airplane. It is not chemicals or exhaust, except in the cases where that's the purpose, like in an air show or while crop-dusting. You can tell this is not what causes the contrails as those chemical trails dissipate very quickly while contrails can last for a long time.The jets can be any number of large planes that fly at high altitudes. Cargo, commercial, etc, and many are at 35,000+ feet above sea level because there is less drag due to the thinner air. The trail of white is called a "contrail" and they are made of frozen water vapor that is frozen around particles that come from the exhaust.
|
What would happen if a country cut the value of its currency?
|
it's happened alot with countries with out of control inflation. Iran did did it. they just dropped 3 zero's. i think congo did it too. dropped like 6 zeros.The denomination of the currency is basically irrelevant to its value. So if you could change the denomination instantly including on legal contracts and exchange rates it would all work out without any gains or losses by anyone. Usually if you wanted to do this in practicality it would involve a process of introducing a new currency which the old currency could be exchanged for at a certain rate, then gradually phasing out acceptance of the first currency until you finally ended it and switched the new currency to the same name and symbol as the old.
|
How galaxies can be hundreds of light years away, and yet we can still photograph them from earth?
|
First, it is important to level set on the distance. The closest galaxy to the Milky Way is the Andromeda galaxy. It is around 2.5 million light years away. A light year is the distance that light travels in a year. Since light travels at roughly 300,000,000 meters per second, a light year is a very far distance. Now to answer how galaxies such distances away can be viewed and photographed. Time. The universe has been around for billions of years and has been expanding during that time. This means that billions of years ago when the light was emitted from very distant galaxies and started making its way to Earth, it didn't have as far to travel. This is how we can see things that are farther away in light years than the age of the universe.
|
Why is the pain of having sore muscles somewhat enjoyable?
|
If I tell you that the pain you feel in your muscles after a workout is the pain of your body tearing itself down to rebuild itself better, how does that make you feel? If I tell you that the pain you feel in your muscles after a workout is your body developing cancer, how does that make you feel? And there's your answer.
|
Why do companies pay dividends to stockholders?
|
You pay dividends to make your shares attracive to own. Many people buy shares hoping they will increase in value others want an income from owning the shares in additionWhen you buy a stock in a company, you become a partial owner of that company. At the end of each quarter, the company must report their earnings to the public. As a partial owner of the company, you are entitled to your share of this profit. Now the company has two options with this money. They can pay keep the money in the company and reinvest it in the hopes that it will make more money for the company, or they can pay out their earnings to the stockholders in the form of dividends. This decision is made by the board of directors, which is elected by the stockholders. Most companies choose to reinvest their earnings during their first few years as a public company . Meanwhile more established companies will pay out dividends.Because that's the entire point of owning stock in the first place! Owning stock means you own a portion of the company. The whole point of owning a company is to make profit. When a company makes profit, it has the option to divide the profits. That's what a dividend is! How else are you going to pay yourself? edit: just read the other questions You can pay them out monthly, quarterly, annually, whatever is convenient. Deciding how much: well you should probably make sure your bills are paid first. Whatever is leftover you can either keep in the company bank account for backup or future investments or split it in the form of a dividend.
|
Why is bottled water more popular than canned water? Why are cans of soda more popular than bottled soda?
|
Can't say for sure. My guess is that it is mostly a marketing tactic. A clear bottle gives the impression that the water is purer than a can. With soda, it doesn't matter really. Both bottled and canned soda sell, so they make both. Canned water probably doesn't sell nearly as well as bottled. Additionally, a can is useful because it able to be pressurized. You may have noticed that soda bottles are thick and strong. This is to withstand the pressure. Water bottles are thin and weak. They don't need to withstand pressure to the degree that a soda bottle does. This cuts down on costs. You can use a tiny fraction of the material. TL:DR it is a combination of how people perceive bottles vs cans as well as unpressurized bottles are cheaper than cans.
|
Why can't we make computers that use regular English (or just a human language at all) to do things instead of all this code like Java or C+?
|
Step 1: place the cup on the table Step 2: move it 1 inch to the left Did you just move the cup 1 inch to the left? Or the table? Ambiguity like that is common in "natural" languages, but is no good for a computer language. This is just one of many reasons why computers have such a hard time understanding natural languages. But people have been [working on making it happen for decades].In order for a human language to be understood by a computer, a compiler that translates human language into machine language must exist. The problem with making a compiler for a human language is that the languages people use are filled with inconsistencies and lack enough standardization for a compiler with any sort of usefulness to exist. If you were to attempt to take a human language and modify it so that a computer could understand it, you would end up removing any possible ambiguity, coming up with standard ways to express different operations, and defining the syntax of the language in such a way that a compiler could translate any valid sentence into machine language. You'd end up with a programming language.One of the design aims of the Cobol language was exactly this. However, in my opinion, natural languages are too ambiguous to issue the exact instructions needed to make computer programs do what you want them to do.English is too ambiguous. Computers can't understand the subtleties and contexts involved with a real language. They can only understand computer languages where everything has a specific and exact meaning.
|
Why do I hear so much about censorship in Australia? How did they get to be so strict about what they censor?
|
1. Why do you hear so much about it? Because your journalists had a slow news week. 2. How did they get to be so strict about what they censor? Honestly, age. We have a large baby boomer population that votes again and again to keep the status quo. For the longest time we weren't actually censoring video games that didn't meet our MA15+ classification but because we didn't have anything above MA15+ for video games as a whole. So they were deemed RC and banned from sale. It's less malicious and more carelessness on our part. We are still not quite as bad as germany or china but sensationalist media and click bait writers are fearful of both it would seem.
|
What is RAW picture format and why is it useful?
|
RAW is a direct dump of the information coming off the image sensor of your camera with no processing being done to it at all. The main benefit is that you can do a lot of image processing on RAW that you wouldn't be able to do with JPEG files. A [picture like this] will show you what's capable.
|
If copper is self sterilizing, why doesn't every hospital make door handles, and other frequently touched objects, with it?
|
A couple of reasons. 1. Copper is very expensive compared to other materials. 2. Sanitizing cleaning solutions are relatively inexpensive, and even with self sterilizing surfaces, these areas would still be cleaned regularly. 3. In order to properly self sanitize, it usually takes a minimum of around 2 hours. Something like a door handle is going to be touched more often than once every two hours, so its effect isn't going to be as helpful as properly sanitizing the handle or hands. Really though, the cost is the largest reason. While KingPupPup is right in the copper oxidizes, frequently handled copper will not because the constant friction will wear away the patina.
|
How will Netflix use data to determine if they should do a Punisher spin off or not?
|
How many people watch multiple Netflix originals of other Marvel shows. If many people who watch DareDevil also watch Jessica Jones, and will also watch the upcoming Luke Cage/Iron Fist/The Defenders, that is a good indication they will also watch Punisher.
|
Why does the expression "... like it's going out of style" mean that you're doing it a lot? Don't people do/use things LESS as they're fading in popularity?
|
It's implying that they know that X will be unpopular soon so the person is basically trying to get the most out of whatever X is while its still considered acceptable.
|
What are the responsibilities of movie directors and producers and what differences do they make?
|
The director is responsible for maintaining the vision of the production. This person generally works as a creative bridge between the writer and the performers/production crew. Sometimes there are several more specific directors who are sort of sub-managers for different aspects such as visual effects or sound. Producer is a much less specific title and is bestowed upon a range of people, largely to improve that person's prestige. The historic role of producers is to manage the business side of things. They manage the money, arrange for locations and facilities, and make or approve many of the personnel decisions.
|
How can the Sandy Hook victim families sue Remington for manufacturing a product?
|
> I get suing the shop if they failed to run all required background tests but I just don't understand how they're able to do this? Here's the thing. The shop ran all the background checks they were supposed to on Lanza's mother. The shop couldn't do a thing in the world to stop Lanza from murdering her and taking it. What the Brady Center is relying on is something called "negligent entrustment," which is legalese for "The manufacturer, distributor, and retailer knew or should have known that they shouldn't entrust such a dangerous, high-powered death machine to civilians." It's bullshit, and it'll get laughed out of court, but that's the argument Brady et al are making.
|
High School student, how does college work?
|
Major- Primary area of study. Often 40-60 credits taken in this area. Minor- You've taken enough credits to have an idea of the field, but did not heavily concentrate in it. Usually 18-24 core credits. Technical School- Typically offers vocational and trade programs; mechanic, nurse, IT, etc Associates - 2 years, Bachelors - 4 years, Masters - 2 years after your bachelors. Switching schools could be due to any number of reasons - they eventually got a scholarship to a different school, were accepted to a better school their sophomore year, were failing out of first school, etc. Scholarships - talk to your school counselor. Make it a full time job applying for them your senior year of HS. It is more than possible to find enough grants and scholarships to cover your tuition, but it is often a time consuming process.
|
When I'm passing urine, why does it froth some of the time but not others? This is into water without any cleaning products in it.
|
The froth is from the amount of protein in your urine. The times you will most notice this is in the morning when the content is highestThe timing of the froth will probably coincide with any meals you have eaten which are high in protein. Occasional froth in the urine is nothing unusual and nothing to worry about. You should seek help if the urine is constantly frothing, regardless of diet, as this could be a sign of kidney issues. If the kidneys do not filter out the protein, more will be present in the urine.
|
why is math (statistics, calculus, etc) so important for a strong programmer?
|
There are lots of areas of programming that require only basic math. If you're doing development for a moderate-sized web site or app, it's quite possible you'll almost never use any math, and never anything beyond things taught in high-school algebra. More generally, some programmers use a lot of math all the time, some hardly use math at all. There are many more specialized areas of programming that require a lot of math. Computer graphics uses a lot of trigonometry and calculus, so pretty much any game that requires physics or 3-d rendering uses a lot of math. Video and audio compression uses Fourier analysis. Cryptography uses number theory. Those are just a few examples - there are lots of specialties. Good programmers often need to have at least some familiarity with those areas, even if that isn't their area of expertise. Quite often large-scale software engineering requires more math - for example web sites that need to scale to millions of users. It's hard to properly optimize sites to handle a lot of traffic without a good foundation in probability and statistics. A degree in Computer Science typically covers many of those things, which is why there's a math requirement. In addition, Computer Science involves a lot of mathematical analysis of programs, including determining what's possible to compute, determining asymptotic runtime and memory usage, and mathematical proofs of bounds and of correctness.
|
Why is diesel more expensive than gasoline?
|
Diesel is used to power a large number of critical industries - trucking, farming, etc. Also, fuels very, very similar to diesel are used for heating in the winter and for lots of other purposes. So even though a minority of passenger cars burns diesel in the US, there's significant demand for diesel both year-round and seasonally. Also, diesel is taxed differently than gasoline is. In the US, this leads to higher per-gallon costs at the pump . In at least some parts of Europe, diesel is taxed less than gasoline because it is perceived to pollute less per road mile, and thus is generally cheaper than gas.You get less of it per barrel of oil. It's more dense and it's no longer true that it's a by-product of petrol production.
|
Why are English words phonetically explained with strange symbols? Why not just include those symbols in the alphabet?
|
First, they're not an English alphabet — each symbol in IPA is meant to represent a distinct and unambiguous sound that humans make to communicate. There are *some* sounds used by humans that aren't represented in IPA yet — so, it isn't complete. Second: there are *hundreds* of symbols in IPA — far more than there are in any other phonetic alphabet. Memorising them all in order to cover cases that a student will never or rarely encounter, is pointless . There are actually different ways to pronounce "Gabe", depending on which accent the speaker has — the "a" varies, from long to the rising-to-I tone of modern Southern United States speakers to a dropping tone amongst modern Germanic speakers. IPA allows for a written description of how a word is sounded, not of the meaning of the wordIf we wrote with the IPA, everyone would spell words differently depending on how you say them.What you're looking at is the International Phonetic Alphabet. Its aim is to create a set of symbols that can be used to express any sound in any language on Earth. The way a word is spelled doesn't always indicate how it's pronounced , but using the IPA can make sure there's no ambiguity.
|
why do I run out of gas faster when the a/c is on in my car
|
Because you are using gas to power your car and power the motor on the air conditioner instead of just using gas to power your car.
|
Common Ancestor theory. Does the thought that different early life forming on different parts of the planet seperate from the first organism completely disprove this theory, or is there evidence against multiple sources lineage?
|
Evidence of parallel abiogenesis would damage the common ancesstor theory. The *thought* doesn't prove or disprove anything. Fossil record of life in multiple locations isn't necessarily evidence of parallel abiogenesis, as life can and does spread and become isolated. Genetic similarities provide evidence of common ancestor, even if parallel abiogenesis could be proven to have occurred, as it would simply mean the other lines died out.If that did indeed happen, it would be clear from the DNA of any two organisms whether they have common ancestry. There would be almost no similarity in the genomes of two organisms with separate common ancestryOn a cellular level, there are proteins and other organic molecules that are common to all known life forms. We can use subtle differences in those molecules to measure how closely related two lifeforms are. This provides pretty strong evidence for common descent. That is not to say life arose independently from multiple locations. However, if it did, none of the lifeforms we are currently aware of descended from it.
|
Why did humans develop in Africa when there's so much more water/food in the Northern Hemisphere?
|
Evolution needs some sort of selective pressure. Let me try to tone it down to ELI5: If food is plentiful, a species may not evolve. For example, bison have roamed the great plains of North America for thousands of years, and they have no reason to evolve any further . Here is the key: Africa was not always this dry. It used to be more of a paradise for primates. However, it gradually became drier and drier, and food gradually became harder to find. This is a perfect scenario for evolution to do its work. Our ancestors had to work harder and harder to find food over a long period of time. If you were smarter, you would survive long enough to have children. If you couldn't figure out how to communicate with others or how to fashion tools for hunting, your genes would die out. Thus, Africa was the perfect place for humans to evolve. Once we were smart enough to live in Africa, we were smart enough to figure out how to leave Africa and find the bountiful paradises that awaited us.There may be better resources, but I thought "Guns, Germs, and Steel" had a nice explanation about how civilization came about there. Also, understand that there was an enormous amount of human history prior to settling down and farming. Basically, the area around Persia had a lot of the best animals and plants that were/are capable of being domesticated.If you have time i recommend the BBC documentary 'The Incredible Human Journey', it looks at mankind's evolution in Africa and then eventual migration all across the african continent and into Asia,Europe, N/S America etc. Someone has split it into 5 parts and put them on youtube, part 1 can be found [Here]
|
What is happening when my desktop tower is making (assumedly) calculating noises?
|
If you can hear calculating noises from your CPU, that's mighty fine hearing you have. The noise is most likely from your hard drive, moving the read/write heads back and forth on the platter.Stop right now and make sure that your data backups are current. Those aren't "calculating" noises. That's probably your hard drive. Any unusual noise coming from your hard drive may be a prelude to drive failure. If these noises are normal for your drive, then you should still have backups. Trust me on this one.
|
American Curfew Laws, What Are They?
|
Yeah, it is. It happened to me once. From what I can tell, how seriously they take this law depends on the area. For instance I used to live ain a very safe suburb, so I'd go walking at night as a kid, and nobody cared. But when I moved to a dense area with more crime and went out, I got the curfew violation. A second form of curfew law is daytime curfew. This is when you get caught being out durign the day, when you should be in school. This is considered a much more serious violation than a nighttime curfew, for obvious reasons. As for why during the night? A lot of reasons. High crime in an area would result in it, either to attempt to stop kids from committing crimes, or to protect them from those who do commit crimes.
|
When a stock price drops fast in a short amount of time, who are the stockholders selling to?
|
There is always people willing to buy stocks at low prices: for example with a stock at $80. You would have: I'll buy 200 stocks for $77 ea I'll buy 100 stocks for $76 ea I'll buy 400 stocks for $75 ea I'll buy 200 stocks for $74 ea I'll buy 300 stocks for $73 ea I'll buy 300 stocks for $53 ea So when you really want to sell, you can take lower than the market price which pushes the price down.
|
if a communist country has a centrally planned economy, how is a country with a central bank that sets interest rates not communist?
|
Communist states typically disavow any notion of personal property either partially or totally. They call for a wide range of state action, covering every industry and business and so on. So they represent an extreme end of a spectrum. The other end might be the free market, or perhaps perfect anarchy where the Fed did nothing. However the Western world is at different points far away from Communism. Centralised interest rates are an attempt to intervene in the free market but they don't go far enough to make a state Communist. Similarly nationalised school system for example would, nor the sort of tax/spend common to Western nations. All these things which states do are market interventions.
|
how does nonsurgical cool sculpting work to reduce fat?
|
Basically they freeze your fat cells to death, nothing really more complicated than that. The dead cells are then absorbed by your body. Viola, less fat. Calling it "nonsurgical" I think is a bit of a stretch. "Non-invasive" certainly, but it is an hour long medical procedure during which a local anesthetic is necessary. It's technical name is Cryolipolysis ; you can read more about it on the [wikipedia page] if you're interested.
|
apparently you cant die from holding your breath, explain
|
If you're able to hold your breath long enough, you pass out and then involuntary breathing begins.
|
Why do my eyes hurt after looking at a screen too long?
|
This is due to how the human eye focuses. It doesn't work like a camera wich gets set to a focus distance and then stays there. Breaking it down to eli5 level: If the responsible muscles rest, your focus is on the *very distant* setting. Looking at very close things is muscle exercise, and while your eye muscles can pretty much work constantly , the can't, just like other muscles can not, maintain a specific position for very long without hurting.
|
Why can't people drink the water in Mexico but fruit that was grown in Mexico and watered with non filtered water is ok to eat?
|
The water is a problem because of bacteria. Bacteria will not survive being absorbed by the roots of a plant and turned into fruit. Water sprayed on the surface of fruit could potentially be a problem, but the bacteria that live in water wouldn't survive long out in the air and sun.
|
Why do you get so hungry when you are high?
|
In your body you have an Endocannabinoid system which has a role in appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory. It's suggested that THC the psycoactive compound in cannabis activates a receptor called CB1 which directly increases appetite when fired.So, what happens if you never feel that way? I have never once gotten the munchies.Disclaimer: not trying to say everyone and the science behind it is invalid, just sharing experience.I am not particularly hungry when high, but it makes food taste so much richer to high-me. I'm not even remotely hungry most times, I just know from experience that food tastes amazing during the time so I take full advantage of it.
|
what happens to credit card debt when people die?
|
The balance will be taken from the estate of the deceased. If the estate does not have enough to cover the balance, the debt is written off as a loss. I have heard anecdotes of debt collectors chasing after descendants for the debt, but unless they have signed as legally obligated to paying it, there is no legal standing for them to repay itThe same process that happens with all debt: * The current debt holder investigates ability to get debt paid .* Depending on difficulty of getting payment, either get payment, settle for reduced payment, "sell" the debt to another agency, or swallow the debt and move on.The deceased's estate assets are to be used to settle any debt. If the estate assets run out before debt is paid off, the debt is abolished. NEVER ARE THE FAMILY MEMBERS RESPONSIBLE FOR LEFT OVER DEBT! Many debtors will attempt to collect from family members, but this is illegal.
|
How can math equations be depicted through stories such as Alice's Adventures in Wonderland?
|
The book AFAIK doesn't really depict math equations, but general mathematical ideas. For example, the Cheshire cat disappears, leaving only its grin. This is analogous to the type of abstraction that often occurs in mathematics; one will take a familiar concept, like integers, and then forget about everything that makes it what it is, except for some mundane detail, like the distributive law. See some examples in the symbolism section [here]. For some reason, Charles Dodgson disliked this level of abstraction, and so put symbolism in the book to show how ridiculous it all was. But mathematicians don't care if something is ridiculous or not, only if it can be proven. So nowadays, we use far more "ridiculous" and abstract concepts all the time. Most mathematicians I know actually have trouble doing things like regular addition or multiplication, because such a skill is almost entirely irrelevant to being a good mathematician.
|
If we have never seen or been to the planet's core. How do we know what it looks like or how it works?
|
We used a lot different methods. The waves of the earthquakes act differently when moving through different materials. Measuring large earthquakes allowed us to get a good idea of what was going on in the earth just passed the mantle. The rest was speculation constructed from what we knew of the outer layers of the earths core and from the fact that we have a magnetic field means, that our core has to be solid iron turning in liquid iron. By the power of earths magnetic field we can get a relative idea of the size and concentration of the core and from the local asteroids and judging by what should have been available around the time earth was formed, we could conclude as to what it's composition should be. There is more, but that should give you an idea of how we can figure stuff out without needing to actually see it.
|
What is this CE symbol I'm seeing on everything?
|
In addition to what /u/StrangelyTyped and /u/energymisdirected said, it's important to note there is another almost identical CE symbol that does not mean the product meets European regulatory compliance. Some Chinese manufacturers allegedly print a very similar CE logo on their products that is supposed to indicate the product is a "China Export" but in reality the mark is just intended to confuse consumers and make them believe the product has the proper European Conformity certifications. Take a look at the difference between the two logos: _URL_0_The [CE Marking] is an indication that the product was designed to meet all necessary regulations and laws for sale in Europe. As the Wiki article says it is an "abbreviation of Conformité Européenne, meaning European Conformity"
|
While watching late-night TV, I see ads for buying gold and silver. Why should/shouldn't I do that? What's the deal?
|
Generally, commodities like gold and silver can be a less volatile market than stocks or currency. However, most of these commercials are scams. Especially for buying coins. The amount of gold they have in them is tiny. like less than $1 worth of gold in a coin that costs $20.If it's on TV, that usually means the price either includes or is reduced by the price of the ads which can be high. Late night ads for companies that buy gold tend to have relatively high refining costs, and to get the offer one must usually send their precious metals in which gives the buyers a substantial [negotiating advantage]. Late night ads to sell you gold tend to sell noncollectable gold objects at a very substantial collectors premium. Be very cautious of plated objects . If you are interested in acquiring or collecting precious metals, you would be wise to buy noncollectable metals for as close to melt or bullion value as possible or learning a lot about the collectible objects you want to start collecting.
|
Character and letter Alphabets.
|
You're making a distinction where there is none. "Character" and "letter" are pretty much synonymous. "A" is a character just as much as "字" is a letter. They just represent different things. It's necessary though to distinguish between different forms of writing. You have… - **Alphabets**, which basically treat consonants and vowels as equal.- **Abjads**, which don't write vowels at all, instead leaving them implied to the reader.- **Abugidas**, which write vowels as modifications on consonants, such as with diacritics.- **Syllabaries**, which give one unique letter for each possible syllable.- **Logographies**, which give one letter for each word or morpheme Though, note that most writing systems contain a few features from every type of script. English isn't purely phonetic; sometimes vowel letters, instead of having a pronunciation of their own, are used to change a consonant's pronunciation . Similarly, the Chinese script has a lot of phonetic features — not every word is just a doodle of the word it represents. A word like 鯨 "whale", when broken down is formed from 魚 "fish" and 京 "capital", but 京 is just being used phonetically, since 京 and 鯨 both are pronounced _jīng_. It's basically "the fish that sounds like 京", not "the fish that has something to do with capitals". So then, to answer your question as to why languages in one place tend to prefer one system instead of just using whatever, it's simply due to how writing spreaded. The Roman alphabet wasn't invented by all the languages that use it, it was invented by the Romans. From there, it spread to other languages that didn't have writing yet and thought it would be useful. In most cases they just ended up taking the same writing system, though of course there are examples of languages choosing to develop their own, such as Korean and Cherokee.
|
How does a can of whipped cream work?
|
Liquid cream is held in the can along with nitrous oxide, under pressure. This pressure keeps the nitrous oxide liquid too. When you press the nozzle, it releases the pressure. This causes the nitrous oxide to boil - turn into a gas - which has the dual effect of both aerating the cream and pushing it out of the can. This is why the can gets cold - when the pressure drops, the temperature drops.Like a can of spray paint but more sugar. It's filled with sweet, sweet confection, and then pressurized, typically with Nitrous Oxide. This pressure, when released by pressing the nozzle, pushes out the cream.
|
How does lithium control the moods of a bipolar person?
|
Bipolar is where ones dopamine receptors go up and down irregularly, where a normal person's brain their dopamine receptors go up or down based on stimulation from the outside world. Like, listening to a catchy toon or wanting to dance can be considered addictive because it increases the dopamine in the brain. Lithium regulates the pathways for dopamine to flow through the brain. This removes excitement as it lowers the dopamine use in the brain. A fun little correlation is how bi polar is similar to an opposite of ADD. In ADD one does not get enough pleasure center response to the brain to be able to concentrate on one subject easily, while bipolar will often the exact opposite. While ADD can be helped by adding some fun non distracting music to the background while working, I speculate if the manic depressive person meditated regularly it would neutralize them much like lithium does, if not even better. Note: I have not seen studies regarding this. I am speculating._URL_0_ LY5: It disrupts the chemicals in your brain that make you bipolar. "It works because it works." Sure, right.)
|
How does exercise benefit a human physiologically?
|
A lot of hormonal stuff happens that I don't know enough about to explain, but basically, you damage your body and your body goes "well shit, I gotta be stronger if this is gonna keep happening." So then it gets stronger. Note that if you do the same exercises forever, you won't keep getting stronger, you'll just maintain that level of strength Your body is already used to it. If you DON\'T exercise, your body goes "Oh I don't need all this muscle anymore, I can get weaker!" And you get weakerIf you exercise you body's muscles systematically, in a measured and controlled fashion, they become stronger, quicker and develop greater endurance. That muscular "stress" causes the heart and lungs to respond appropriately to support your entire system of muscles and major organs. People talk about scenarios where you may have to make a "fight or flight" decision, almost instantly - a body that has been systematically stressed is in a much better position to do either, successfully.In my competitive years, when I was exercising most strenuously, I never experienced "an uncomfortable burning sensation", but I did feel a comfortable warming of the specific muscles being worked. After a strenuous workout, a warm, not hot, shower left me very comfortable and relaxed. Frankly, I 've never felt better since! If you do consistently feel that sort of discomfort, you should probably explain the conditions to your doctor and see if possibly there is something wrong.Creating micro-tears in the muscle is one of the key components of muscle growth. The body produces more muscle fibres to fill the 'tiny holes' created by the tears.
|
Why is an introductory class to something referred to as '101'?
|
Because in American colleges, every course is given a 3 digit number. The first digit represents the year that most students are expected to take the course. Most of the first classes an American college student will encounter is Whatever 101It comes from one method of numbering courses in college. Typically, the first digit refers to the level of the course, i.e., 1xx are the freshman courses, 2xx are the sophomore courses, etc. The last two digits are assigned to each course of that level, with higher-numbered courses usually requiring some lower-numbered courses as prerequisites. This means the lower-numbered courses tend to be introductory or survey courses, and the lowest-numbered courses tend to be the most basic to understanding the subject area. Thus, your first, broad encounter with a subject will typically have a class number like 101.
|
why does Obama have a high approval rate among foreigners
|
When people aren't subjected to the day-to-day politics of a particular country, it's easier to see a foreign leader favorably. For instance, Francois Hollande most certainly has a higher approval rating in America than he does in France. His policies wouldn't make for a viable candidate in the United States, but people here don't know what his domestic policies are. People in America have a favorable opinion of France and as a result, they have a favorable opinion of Francois Hollande. Obviously, President Obama is far better known internationally than Francois Hollande. But contrary to what some thing, the United States is well liked in much of the world. Therefore, people have a favorable opinion of President Obama. Also, if anyone is curious, [here] is President Obama's approval rating in a variety of different countries.
|
What is nymphomania and how does one become one.
|
It can be like a drug addiction because of the chemical reactions that occur in the brain. You just wouldn't develop any type of dependency. However the craving, and desire is just as strong in all addictions.
|
How do Kickstarter payments work? What prevents the receiver from just running away with the money?
|
To my knowledge, nothing stops them. In fact there have been numerous complaints of people never getting what they order off of Kickstarter. It's very much buyer beware.
|
Why we get shocked when we lick the top of a 9v Battery
|
It works because you're completing the circuit, allowing electrons to pass from the positive terminal, through your tongue, to the negative terminal. As far as it being cruel, I've stuck my tongue to a fair share of 9v batts in my time and never felt anything more than a tickle or vibration feeling.
|
What exactly is happening when we suddenly don't need to use the bathroom anymore?
|
That never happens to me with poop, but rather urine quite frequently when I'm active. Maybe it sweats out? Pissing your pants by sweating? ha
|
How is NASA 100% sure microbes aren't attached to the rovers and similar probes? When 99.99% sure means we're possibly spreading our alien microbes to other worlds.
|
They aren't, and in fact, they're quite sure there _are_ microbes. They just get all of them they can.
|
Why do sentences only rhyme when the rhyming word is in the back of the sentence instead of the front?
|
A word is divided up into two parts. The first part is called the onset, the second part is called the rime. The onset is everything before the rime. The rime is what is used to make a rhyme.
|
So is there an available fluid that could substitute blood flowing in our system? Like what's so special about blood?
|
What makes it special is that it has red blood cells, white blood cellsand platelets in it. The red blood cells carry oxygen . White blood cellsfight disease and I believe platelets cause the blood to clot. The liquidpart of the blood is called plasma.
|
Why are our pupils more sensitive than the white around it?
|
The white part of your eye ) is opaque, and is what primarily holds in the [eyeball juice] that fills up your eyeball. The iris is the muscular stuff that can constrict and change the size of your pupil. Your pupil isn't a structure: it's a hole whose size is changed by the constriction or relaxation of the iris. The cornea is the part of your eyeball that sits in front of the iris that has the lens in it. Your cornea has more nerves in it than the sclera does. When you touch the cornea, you notice it more because more nerves get triggered. This makes sense, since the cornea is way more important than the sclera. Hope this helps explain a bit.Now to the real question: Why would you touch your eyeballs in the first place?I'm an ophthalmologist. Your question would be more correct as "Why is the cornea more sensitive than the conjunctiva"? The cornea is the clear curved structure that lies over the colored iris. The central opening in the iris is the pupil. The pupil is the variable sized aperture which regulates the amount of light entering the eye. The conjunctiva is a thin translucent mucous membrane which lies over the whites of the eyes .Now, both the clear cornea and the opaque white screen are made up of collagen. The difference is that the cornea is important optically. The cornea is exposed to the outside world and has the greatest concentration of sensory nerves compared to anywhere else in the body. Evolutionarily, it makes sense. If a foreign body lands on your skin, no big deal. If a foreign body lands on your cornea and scratches it and you develop an infection, you could go blind. It's not as critical over the whites of the eye. TMI, probably. I hope that was understandable.
|
How does the umbilical cord attach itself to the child/mother?
|
Conceived in the fallopian tubes or top of uterus. Fertilized egg drops down into uterus, where it lands in a 'bed' of what is essentially blood*. Because the egg is fertilized, it gives off chemical messengers that it will be sticking around, so it doesn't get flushed out when it's time for her period. Over the next few weeks, the fertilized egg which is a single cell, begins to divide and becomes a mass of cells. Some of those cells differentiate/change into what will become the placenta. The baby's placenta cells grow like roots and implant into the 'bed' of ultra enriched 'blood' that lines the wall of the uterus. Eventually, the placenta cells become blood vessels that are rooted into the wall of the uterus, where the host err mom gives nutrition and oxygen, and takes away CO2 and cellular waste, via the umbilical cord. Mom < -- > Uterus < -- > Placenta < -- > Umbilical Cord < -- > Baby *That 'blood' lining that allows the egg to implant, is what a woman expels every month during her period. If a woman 'misses' her period, it's because a fertilized egg made it into the lining, and told her body to not release it.
|
What's going on in Texas with planned parenthood and medicaid
|
The government gives money to various programs. One of which is Woman's Health. The Woman's Health program gives 40 million dollar to Texas for Woman's Health clinics. One of the largest Woman's health clinic is Planned Parenthood group which does Pap smears, gynecological exams, and mammograms. Planned Parenthood also does family planning, STD screen and provides abortion as well. The Texas governor doesn't want money to go to Planned Parenthood but the law that the federal government uses to give out money for Woman's Health say you can't restrict which Woman health clinics get the money. This is for multiple reason, the largest being that it would allow the State to control which Treatment the Woman get. As such when Texas passed a law saying that Planned Parenthood could not get money, all federal money had to be stopped. Under a previous law no federal money can go to support abortion so the money was not going to support abortion, merely Planned Parenthood other activities which have been listed.
|
Why do we impose 'tougher' sanctions against N.Korea each time they do something instead of throwing every we can against them all at once?
|
For a long time, any action against North Korea was forestalled because they were allied with the Soviet Union and China and no one wanted a war with them. In fact we'd had a war, the Korean War, and fought it to a standstill. After the Soviet Union collapsed, North Korea still had an ally in China. However, as time has gone on, North Korea has gotten crazier and crazier and China has gotten stronger and cares a lot less about North Korea. At the same time, due to the lack of support from the Soviet Union, North Korea has become a hellhole, with the residents suffering greatly and experiencing at times widespread starvation under the oppression of Kim Il-Sung and then Kim Jong-Il and now Kim Jong-Un. Many countries, including the US, have sent them a lot of food aid because we have recognized that the people of the country are not to blame for the actions of the leaders, and it was a humanitarian crisis. Meanwhile, North Korea has developed nuclear weapons. Not many, but some. And it is feared that Kim Jong-Un is crazy enough to use them if he's backed into a corner, which he would be if attacked. So concerns about that, as well as concerns about the problems of fighting with China, have prevented any major action against the North Koreans.
|
What does it mean to say something is post-modern? Does it just mean "meta"?
|
Not really an explanation, but here's an interesting way to put it: Pre-modern: This is the truth. Modern: We can find the truth. Post-modern: There is no such thing as truth.No, it doesn't just mean meta. The correct way to use the term is derived from the fact that everything goes through stages, specifically in art. In art there are movements that arise from common styles of the time. However, one style cannot remain the same way forever, so when a new "style" emerges, in hindsight and mainly for historical purposes, the era is given a title. One of those titles is "post modern" which literally means "after the modern era". For example: in music history there was a group of people called the romantics. They thought music was only for the educated, that you had to "get" music to appreciate it, and that life was so beautiful you just had to escape. Then, another group emerges that says that music isn't just for the intelligent, it's for everyone and that amateur music is the "real" music. They are called Modernists. AFTER THEM a group emerged that said that the 8 tone scale in music was oppressive and that music didn't have to have melody or even harmony to be real music and that the 12 tone scale was better! They are called "Post Modernists". You see? Stages, cycles, modernists, post modernists. There's a similar example in theatre but I won't bore you with that. That's what "post modern" actually means. The stage or era that comes after the "modern" eraPost modernism is this idea that there is no one universal truth , but that each person has their own truth. Each person is their own bubble.
|
What is Aum Shinrikyo? What do they believe/work towards?
|
They were a sort of Buddhist doomsday cult who were led by a man named Shoko Asahara, a spiritualist and a con man. They were responsible for the Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway system in the late 1990s. I don't think they exist under that name anymore, I seem to remember reading about them rebranding themselves as Aleph following Asahara's conviction. I used to be very interested in them and read everything I could find, but it's been a while since I last thought about them. These are the basics as I recall them though.
|
why doesn't baby poop smell bad?
|
Their GI tract is still colonizing. This is part of why they need certain nutrients more than others, because we get some of it from bacterial metabolism in the gut. Regarding why it is that way until solid food is beyond what I can say with certainty, but breastmilk itself is aseptic and it may be metabolized in such a way that doesn't leave much or anything for bacteria to thrive on, delaying colonization. Edit: and yes, the smell is related to bacterial composition and byproducts
|
Differences between copyright, trademark and patent.
|
Copyright is automatic, and protects all original artistic works, including photography, visual arts, film, music and writing. Another person cannot use your work without your express permission. Trademarks are specific business identifiers, and cannot be used by others to make it look like they are associated with that business. This can be extended to marks that look too much like an existing one, or use parts of one. You could not, for instance, market a soda with a typestyle that looked like the Coca-Cola one. Patents protect the design of physical objects. There are two types: one protects the way the product *works* , the other protects the way that it *looks* Copyrights apply to "creative" works like music, writing, and art. Trademarks apply to anything related to brand recognition. Patents apply to inventions. Trademarks are the broadest in the sense that you can trademark things too simple to be eligible for copyright and they last forever as long as you continue using and enforcing them. But the protection is limited to things that could cause confusion among customers. That's why Hershey's can call their candy "Whoppers" and not be sued by Burger King. Computer code can be copyrighted, but unlike a patent, it only protects the code itself, not the function of the code. So if someone comes up with a different way to do the same thing, you can't sue them for copyright infringement. Trademarks and copyrights are automatic. You can register them, but it's not required to enforce it. But getting patent protection requires applying. You have to be able to prove that your invention is new, useful, and non-obvious. So if you don't want to bother patenting your invention , but don't want someone else to patent it, you can just publish something about it, so no one else could claim that it's new.
|
What is happening when we suddenly forget something, then go back to a previous activity and remember it?
|
Memory is heavily rooted in context, like the room or environment in which a memory is made. This is called the Encoding Specificity Principle. When you are going about your life trying to accomplish some goal you will occasionally forget what exactly it was that you were trying to do, however it is important to note that this event of fogetting usually occurs shortly after stepping into a new room, or otherwise moving to a different environment other than the one in which you had initially created the memory of your goal. This occurs because forgetting is an adaptive and necessary function of memory. If we remembered everything we ever saw, it would take hours to load a single save file. In this way forgetting allows us to quickly load more relevant memories. And one such factor for determining the relevance of a memory is your environment! Source- [Walking through doorways causes forgetting: Further explorations, Gabriel Radvansky]', "Yep, the other comment is right, memories and thoughts are really connections in our brains. If I'm working on something, say, fixing a car, all those thoughts are connecting, tools, car, instructions. If I leave the garage and get distracted, I sometimes can't find the thought that I need, our minds are huge, its a needle in a haystack. The room that I'm in makes it harder, it connects to totally unrelated networks . Walk back into garage, see car, thought network located in brain, easy to find specific thought .
|
How far does a speaker move in and out when it vibrates? And do the air molecules next to it move the exact same distance?
|
This parameter in speaker design is called XMAX and can be in excess of 2" peak to peak for subwoofers designed to produce high sound pressure levels. Source: worked in mobile audio retail for a number of yearsTake a look at this. _URL_0_It helps explain quite a bit about how speakers work, how they move sound and what they are made ofThe speaker cone moves in and out by a different amount depending on the amplitude of the signal. The cone covers a larger distance when producing a louder sound.
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.