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Why is it that sometimes when water touches me unexpectedly, it feels painful?
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It's simply that you aren't expecting it, and the temperature difference is usually very different to your skin. As soon as you feel this difference, your body jumps and reacts.
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How does 3 phase power work?
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There are three "hot" AC power lines, and the voltage on them moves up and down at different times. When the first one is 2/3 of the way through a cycle, the second is 1/3 of the way through a cycle, and the third just starting a cycle. This is depicted in [this graph.]
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How do you use unique rectangles to solve sudoku?
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A standard sudoku puzzle has *only one* solution. Unique rectangles let you eliminate possibilities because those would lead to a situation with two solutions, which you know to be impossible. So in a sudoku puzzle, if you pick any four spots that forms a rectangle, those four spots will always have more than two different numbers in them. If a rectangle was made with 2,5,2,5, it could just as well be 5,2,5,2. That’s two solutions, and that against the “rules” that a puzzle has only one solution. So, if you were to encounter a point in solving a puzzle that it appears this situation can happen, like a rectangle has two numbers in common in all four spots, you *know* that it can’t end that way. Say the bottom corners are already reduced to the same two numbers, but the top corners also include another number. One of those top spots must be one of those other numbers. If that number is possible elsewhere in line with the rectangle, you can eliminate those other possibilities because you know it must be one of the rectangle corner spots. I think you’ll understand how to use it once you firmly understand this aspect. Using them in practice requires identifying potential “deadly patterns”, like a rectangle with only two numbers, and then figuring out which possibilities that you can eliminate because of it.
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Would it be possible for another country to BUY a country in debt?
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The only ways to gain control of a country is through conquest or treaty. In a treaty, you can theoretically place a condition by which the annexing nation pays the remaining debt of the nation being annexed. This would effectively be "buying" a nation, though it is not something that could be done without the debtor nation's consent.Not in the way you could buy a house, or one company could buy another. It has happened though. Scotland poured a lot of it's wealth into an attempt to colonise Panama. When this scheme failed Scotland was broke. At the same time Scotland had been arguing with England about thier shared monarchy, particularly who should be allowed to succeed. The English parliament wanted to ban all Catholics from sitting on the throne. The English saw the Scots predicament as an opportunity and agreed to re-emburse the nobles for thier losses if they voted to merge Scotland with England - creating the United Kingdom.You can buy the debt from the person that holds it, but you cannot purchase control of the countryIf you were to buy a country, who would you be paying?
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the observance of Halloween in European countries.
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In Denmark, we barely celebrate it at all, some stores will do like halloween area and have some halloween stuff like pumpkins and a few people will make pumpkin heads , but that's about it.
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Where in the toilet should I aim to have the quietest pee?
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I go for the side of the bowl on the right side. This way the stream is a "glancing blow" of sorts and minimizes noise. Never thought I 'd answer a question like this
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Why do Electric Dryer Cords not just plug in like every other power cord?
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It has to do with building codes. Let me explain Dryers and homes can have two different main types of plugs for dryers. A 4-prong and a 3-prong. Old dryers and homes have 3 prong plugs/outlets, new ones have 4-prong plugs/outlets. Obviously, if you mix and match old/new home or dryer it won't work. Now the codes also say, you can't just "convert" a 3-prong outlet to new 4-prong outlet in your home, or vice-versa. But legally, you can just change the cord of the dryer to which ever outlet your home contains to get it to work. So manufactures of dryers make it so you can change the cord and that they will work with either 3 or 4 prongs.
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what are laser beams & how are they different from light beams?
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A laser beam is a beam of light that has some specific properties. A laser beam is monochromatic, meaning it emits a specific wavelength of light . Normally lights emit a fairly wide range of wavelengths. Even a normal beam of red light will emit a range of wavelengths, just mostly wavelengths that fall within the range we see as red. The photons they emit are also in phase. That means that if you think of them as waves, they peak and trough in synch with each other.Laser is an acronym. Light amplification stimulated by emissions of radiation. Lasers are concentrated beams of light. But light any beam of light they still expand after so much length.
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if our bodies are around 97 degrees Fahrenheit, then why don't we feel comfortable in 97 degree weather?
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Because we're exothermic. We make more heat than we need and have to get rid of the excess. We need a temperature differential to get rid of heat at a comfortable rate.
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why do progressive Estates put their focus and resources on free healthcare and free education and not on free food, free clothing and free shelter?
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I'm a little confused by your use of the word Estate, but I assume you mean state. The reason is that most progressive states have already taken care of their citizens\' need for food, clothing, and shelter. People in those countries are either able to buy their own food, clothing, and shelter easily or there are government programs that provide food, clothing and/or shelter. I would also say that the states aren't providing "free" healthcare and education, but rather they are socializing it. People still have to pay taxes to support those systems, but in return no individual person has to pay a lot of money out of pocket when they use those services. You could also look at it more cynically and say that governments aren't concerned with their citizens\' needs, but rather strengthening the state economically and militarily. Schools and healthcare for productive citizens do a better job of that than providing aid to less productive, poorer citizens. Realistically, though, I think governments try to help with all of the things you listed, but they can't do it all because they have limited resources.
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How do constellations stay the same in such a violent place like our galaxy?
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They don't. But you'll never live long enough to see them change. The stars are moving relative to each other, but it's happening so slowly it's very hard to notice. In the 17th Century, Edmund Halley noticed that the then current position of some stars did not match the ancient Greek recorded position of these stars- a span of about 1600 years. _URL_0_ also, Polaris was not always "the north star", at one time the star Thuban was the pole star. At other times there is no star exactly at the pole at all.The stars are moving. They are such great distance from us that the movement takes thousands of years to be apparent. There are some nearby stars that move a little quicker. Barnard's Star is one of our nearest neighbors, about 6 light years away. Over the course of a lifetime it will move about half a moon diameter in distance.
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Reddit, please explain like I'm five what string theory is.
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Everything in the universe is made of things way, way, smaller than atoms and even electrons called strings. They look like little rubber bands stretching everywhere. [This shows everything from what you can see, like a diamond, to what you can't see, like a string. Number 6 is a string.]
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How does Fusion work? What are it's possibilities as a means for energy in the future?
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There's an experimental plant called [ITER], still under construction. The trouble with fusion is that you're basically putting the sun in a bottle, but we're still figuring out how to make the bottle.
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Why are some food allergies much more common than others?
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The best answer we have is, "we don't really know". This is still a hot topic of research. Allergic reactions are basically your immune system overreacting to things it deems dangerous. Most of the time when you talk about allergies, those "dangerous" things aren't actually dangerous. One of the current leading hypothesis on why certain allergies are more common is genetics. Our ancestors may have developed allergies to those things, and whatever genes that were responsible for causing those allergies got passed along. So, the unlucky people with those genes would have a much higher chance of developing those allergies.
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Why only somethings work on touch screens, and others don't, fingers but not fabric?
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Most touchscreens work using something called capacitive sensing. Basically, the touchscreen uses a conductor to detect when something is nearby. The human body is also a conductor, and therefore it can interfere with the electrical field of the touchscreen. The screen uses this to detect how a human is interacting with it. Fabric does not conduct electricity, so it doesn't interfere with the electric field.
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Could same sex marriage in the United States be legalized nationally, forcing states without SSM currently to perform these marriages? Or would each state have to legalize individually?
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It's not really a matter of the federal government legalizing same sex marriage per se, since marriage has traditionally been a state issue. But the federal government does need to unilaterally recognize same sex marriage across the board and when they do the remaining non-SSM states will have few options since now it will involve money. States taxes in states that don't recognize same sex marriage would be a nightmare if a gay couple could file a federal return jointly. States have traditionally accepted the fundamental documents and records from other states. If you are married in one state, you are married in all states. Same with divorce. The SSM issue is really throwing a wrench into things for the hold-outs.I do not think Congress could pass a law legalizing same sex marriage short of a Constitutional Amendment because marriage has always been a state power. However, it would be possible for the Supreme Court to decide laws outlawing same sex marriage are unconstitutional which would have a similar effect.
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How do Young Earth Creationists rationalize radiocarbon dating?
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I grew up in a moderately fundamentalist community, so I'll speak from personal experience. From the point of view of a fundamentalist, you are approaching the problem backwards. When you and I look at a problem such as "how old is this item," we look for a method or data point to work from. When a fundamentalist looks at the same problem, they start with their interpretation of the bible. The earth is X,000 years old. Therefore, the item must be less than X,000 years old. Any information that supports this is correct. Any info that contradicts this must be either divine interference, a mistake, or a lie told by someone attempting to disprove God's existence. A perfect example of this. I went to a private school growing up. In our "science" textbook, was a section on radiocarbon dating. Our book included a graph showing us how reliable RC dating was. According to the text, after 5000 years, RC dating is unreliable. I will qualify all of this by saying that I know very few young earthers. Most practicing Christians that I know only believe that its been roughly 6-10 thousand years since Adam and Eve. They feel that any amount of time from Genesis 1:1 to the end of the garden of Eden could have been any amount of time.[Here is Ken Ham's explanation] for why radiocarbon dating is not a proof that young-earth creationism is wrong. Notice that the fact that it is nonsense is camouflaged in scientific-sounding language. Many young earth creationists will actively avoid reading science books that aren't written by young earth creationists, and so they will trust that this is real science , and not double-check its logic against other science.They believe one of two things, depending on the denomination of their churches: 1. God manipulated it to test our faith. Or 2. Satan manipulated it to fool us.
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What's the difference between Miss USA and Miss America?
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It's just two separate competitions, run by competing organizations. It's Coke vs. Pepsi, or IBM vs. Mac, or Jif vs. Skippy -- just two separate companies, each trying to do it best. There is nothing whatsoever official about it. If you wanted to, you could set up a "Ms. Americas" competition and try to get people to buy advertising and sponsor it and to enter.Miss USA is part of the Miss Universe Organization and selects the American entrant to Miss Universe. They also operate Miss Teen USA. Miss America is another pageant unrelated to Miss Universe. It's scholarship based. Yes, the UK has a Miss United Kingdom, Miss Universe UK, Miss Great Britain, Miss England, and probably everything else. These are mostly unrelated . Any pageant can exist if an organization holds it. Certainly not every country has any of these pageants.
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Why are some people "heavy" sleepers, and some "light" sleepers?
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Everyone's brain is a little bit different. Sometimes it's the physical structures, sometimes it's the chemicals the brain makes, and how it uses or responds to them. There are at least 2 chemicals that play a big role in being awake versus sleeping, and how we go from one state to another: GABA and histamine. Some people may make more of one chemical and less of another. Someone else might have more or less physical structures that interact with the chemicals. That's pretty simplified though. Try searching the neuroscience of sleep. Start with Wikipedia and work up to the link below. Hope this helps. 🙂 [cognitive neuroscience of sleep]
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What is happening biologically and psychologically when someone witnesses something so horrific they throw up?
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Stress reaction. Stomach acid, bowel contents, bladder contents -- they all do really, really bad things to you if they end up outside of their designated organs. Waaaay back in the day, if you saw someone getting mauled by a lion, there was a good chance you're next. So your body then proceeds to evacuate those solids and fluids, so if you survive the mauling, you won't slowly die of sepsis.
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Why does it seem to take so long to warm up after being cold for so long.
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I hope I'm understanding your question right. Your body's reaction to being cold is to go into a survival mode, moving blood away from the extremities and toward the organs in your core. Your body is willing to sacrifice limbs to stay alive, which is why hands, feet, nose and ears are often the fist things to get frostbite. Say you've been outside in the cold all day and then go inside, your body doesn't know it can now stop constricting blood vessels in your limbs, therefore your hands and feet can take a long, and often painful, time to rewarm. Getting your heart rate up will force your body to increase blood flow and warm you up much faster. Other than that the best way to rewarm extremities is not warm water like many people think , but instead to have direct skin-to-skin contact. Cold fingers can go in your groin or armpits, and toes can go on a friend's abdomen. I can't find it now but there was a study done in Norway I think were they attempted to retrain this reaction in people's bodies. They had subjects stand outside in winter in their underwear with their hands in bowls of hot water. They were able to temporarily have their bodies flood blood to their extremities when cold, however the effect wore off without the constant conditioning. I remember after a week of backpacking in the winter here in New England, getting in a warm car to head home. For most of the ride back, my hands became swollen, reddish, and itchy. It was literally my body not knowing how to handle being back in a warm environment for a few hours.
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Do dancers count to 8 for every song? Or in songs that use 3/4 or 6/8 time do they count differently?
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Do dancers count to 8 in every song?Yes. Understand they arent counting music, they are counting movements. Sometimes we do "1, e and a 2, 3 and 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8." This is for highly syncopated stuff. Accents and such. Each word represents a movement. Always, always we count to 8 no matter the song.Absolutely not, no. Dancers, musicians, anybody counts in a way that is helpful. So in common time , you'll most often count to four or eight or whatever. In Waltz timing you'll definitely count to three mostly. In 6/8 the most common way to count would probably be 'one two three, two two three'. However, sometimes that doesn't make a great deal of sense. There's a step we learned in Argentine Tango that was thirteen beats long so I'd count to thirteen there. So I think it's whatever works.
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Why do we still make pennies in the USA if they are barely used and cost more to make then they are worth?
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Because the Zinc Industry in America has a powerful lobby and would not allow it .Yes, it does cost more than a penny to make a penny -- but a penny has a very, very long useful life. And, if you'll excuse the phrase, the mint isn't in the business of making money -- they're in the business of making money.[This video], where John Green asks Obama this very question, is very interesting. I think Obama's first two answers are pretty much right: 1. I don't know. 2. People don't like change, even if it's positive. The first one, is simply that most people haven't even thought about it as an issue. Activists only have a certain amount of time to promote issues, so those who would push for this kind of thing would rather focus their energies on bigger things. I think I heard $48 million per year the government spends on pennies. The federal government spent $3,454,000 million in 2013. $48 million is nothing. The second issue is that, even if you got somebody to introduce a bill, it could be a tough sell. People will be scared about how the world will work when there are no longer pennies, since the system we have now "works". On the other hand, since it's not a big ticket issue, there isn't much to gain politically from supporting itSales tax is calculated on the total of your transaction, not the sum of the individual items. There are also multiple taxes and in some places it can vary with quantity One reason is that most Americans hate change. We killed the penny up here in Canada and everyone seems to still be alive.While it does cost more to make than its worth, the average life of a coin is something like 25 years, so each individual penny will be spent and respent a multitude of times. That's how the government looks at it.
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How can satellites be free-falling towards earth all the time and never touch ground?
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It's not Earth's velocity, it is the satellite's. The best way I have found to describe it is that the satellite is going so fast in the perpendicular direction of Earth's gravity such that it missed the Earth, and continues missing.
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how come there isn't life that silicon based like carbon
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Silicon and Carbon, despite being in the same column on the Periodic Table, have fairly different properties. In particular, silicon does not form long chain molecules as easily or as frequently as does carbon, and those long chains are essential to organic chemistry.Maybe all carbon based life simply ate silicon based life. Maybe Earth's environment isn't that good for alternative to even happen. The truth is, we have only vague understanding on how carbon life happened. Any discovery of something different would be revolutionary. That's why recent NASA announcement is so exciting - we might get a sample of life completely independent from Earth. Mars is after all more accessible than underground oceans on Europa or lakes of Titan.
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What are lobbies in politics - how did they develop, what are they, why do people hate them?
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Let's say you are a wombat rancher. You prefer that laws get passed that benefit your business like low taxes on wombat related goods, and regulations that make it difficult for foreign wombat ranchers to sell in your country. You might write your representatives in congress, but you are just one person. Instead, you might get all of your wombat rancher friends to contribute money, and hire someone to convey your desires to congress. That's a lobbyist. They are a natural extension of freedom of speech and freedom to assemble. People don't like lobbyists, because they can give people with money and connections a greater voice in congress. They arrange for congressmen to get campaign contributions and special gifts, and many feel this borders on bribery.
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Why are MRI machines so loud and differ in the noise made?
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Hard to ELI5, but here goes . MRI works by causing the protons in your body to emit a radio signal. This signal is different depending on where in your body it originated. To embed this spatial information in the radio signal, the MRI needs to create a magnetic field that varies with position. To achieve this there are things called gradient coils surrounding the opening in the MRI, electric current is passed through these coils and the nature of the current causes the coils to vibrate. It's these vibrating coils that cause the noise, and the noise will vary depending on the information that needs to be encoded at any specific time.
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I have often heard the term "pain is subjective". What exactly does this mean, in laymens terms?
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Different people feel pain to different degrees. Someone could pinch me and because I'm hypersensitive it would hurt like a cut, but too someone else it wouldn't be too bad.
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Why did Tomorrowland's "failure" at the box office make Disney stop production on Tron 3?
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Based on the article, if you want a tl:dr version- Tomorrowland's flop killed Disney's confidence in upcoming big budget movies like Tron 3, especially since Legacy did so-so in the box office.
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Outside of personal life, has Rob Ford been a good mayor (policies, economy, etc.)?
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ELI5 isn't for questions on opinions. People who agree with his policy will say he was good, people who disagree will say he was bad.
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Why is the thought of incest repulsive?
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Humans are predisposed to passing on their genes and producing strong offspring. Children born of incest, particularly over multiple generations of incest, are prone to genetic faults due to the lack of genetic diversity among their parents/ancestors. Cousins having web-footed babies, for example. It's possible that we have some kind of subconscious knowledge of this fact, which eventually fed the persisting social concept of incest being a bad idea. In any case, humans have *always* been averse to the concept, a trend that persists to this day.
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Why is bad posture so much more comfortable than good posture?
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It isn't. "Good posture" is the practice of using your muscles to hold up your body, rather than leaning against them . The reason people don't like to do this is because it takes muscular control - you're probably thinking "Well, I don't want to do a work out just to stand still" - but what you don't realize is that your body is *designed* to do this. It's not exhausting, it's just a matter of building up the muscular endurance over time . It's comfortable *initially* because of this 'tiredness\' and strain from using muscles you haven't been using. Bad posture is bad because instead of \'holding yourself up\' you are allowing the force of gravity to exert strain on all your muscles, ligament and tendons, joints and worse of all to compress your internal organs and blood vessels. When you don't hold yourself up your weight \'collapses\' in on your body, pushing everything together. This impedes the function of just about everything - internal organs like heart and lungs, digestive system, blood flow . SIT UP STRAIGHT[BBC has an article that says sitting up may not be that great for your back.]
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The Samsung/Apple patent war and it's implications
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Companies have been suing each other as a form of stifling competition since the beginning of well, since a long time ago. Apple is in the news recently because they are doing it a lot. They are exploiting a patent system that allows this kind of environment. > What could this mean for the future of technology? This is it. You are witnessing it right now. The only change would have to be a big one and it would probably have to come from you as a consumer. An ELI5 is too coarse and rough to explain the underlying problem. I suggest reading a few essays: _URL_0_ _URL_1_
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Why are there so many languages around the world?
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Most human languages seem to be related to each other at some level, and all ~~evolved from a small, local, protolanguage.~~ languages that still exist seem to have evolved from a very small group of protolanguages. . As people move away from each other, their dialect drifts slightly. As groups move further from each other and become isolated, their dialects stop being mutually intelligible. A good example is Romance languages . Everyone who speaks those languages used to speak Latin, during the time of the Roman empire. However, as the Empire collapsed, people stopped moving as freely, and each area became isolated. Latin then developed into these individual languages. EDIT: For the curious, [here is a chart of one of the biggest language groups - Indo-European], which covers everything from English to Farsi, and shows how they split from each other.
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Why are planets spherical and not odd shaped?
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Objects are attracted to something's center of gravity. The force of this gravity increases with the size of that something. In asteroids the force of that gravity is too small for it to overcome the forces that hold a rock together, so the rock stays the same shape. For planets this force is on average greater than the force holding a similarly sized rocked together, so the rock breaks up until it's pieces are small enough to not get pulled apart.The nearer a mass on some planet is to the centre of the planet, the less energy this piece of mass has. This is why things fall down when dropped. This means that the energy is lowest once all the mass is closest to the centre. This is the case if the planet is spherical. So by natural processes any planet will normally get rounder and rounder over time if no energy is added to it.
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Why do some things that smell good don't taste good?
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Actually they're not so much connected as they are the same sense. Our noses sense both smell and taste and they respond differently to exactly the same chemicals depending on direction those chemicals are moving. If they are coming in the front of your nose they produce a different response from the same chemicals going out through your nose . Which is why coffee always smells much better than it tastes. A very few things smell/taste the same, two stand out examples are chocolate and lavender.
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The Naturalist Movement in American Literature
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Don't know if you studied the Romantic period before it, but the Naturalist movement is a reaction to that Romantics focused on the beauty of nature and the infinite potential of the individual. Reading Whitman and Emerson will give you the best examples. The writing is highly idealistic and optimistic, and the world is working with the character instead of against it. Naturalism is the opposite. It tends to be more cynical, down to earth, and lacking in hope. Characters are often not in control of their own destiny, live in ugly places like industrial cities, and live more average or subpar lives. New scientific ideas from Freud and Darwin helped to shape this genre, as well as the fact that people who lived in cities working 12 hours a day would be more likely to resonate with this genre more than the civil war Romantics. Hope that helps!
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What justification do Jewish people use for not following much of their own ancient law?
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*some jewish people. Orthodox jews follow everything in the torah with the exception of things that can only be done when the great temple exists. I think conservative and reform jews believe that the torah is a living document that needs to be changed here and there to remain relevant in modern society, to address how times have changed over thousands of yearsAs Dzmagoon said, there are varying degrees of how closely Jews follow the Mosaic law. The more orthodox, the more they follow the law to the letter. A lot of less conservative Jews believe that there is some more spiritual interpretation of the law, or that the law was written for a different society and shouldn't be followed literally today. To clear up what Christians mean by Jesus "replacing" the law, though - Christians believe that the Mosaic law was given to the Jewish people for the purpose of creating a nation from which Jesus could come. When that happened, the purpose of the law was fulfilled. Christians also believe that the law was never a means of "earning" your piety with God but it has always only been faith that brings salvationFirst, it is unclear the degree to which ancient Jews followed these laws. For example, "don't boil a calf in its mother's milk" to some modern Jews means "don't eat anything where there is a possibility that molecule of meat and diary are both in it". Similarly, "don't light a lamp on the Sabbath" has become "don't walk by a motion detector that turns a light on". It is very difficult to say if a bronze age rabbi would interpret the law in this way. As for other Jews, a lot of those laws had cultural or hygienic reason behind them that no longer apply today. Pork was more likely to have parasite than beef, and perhaps the follows of Ba\'al used tattoos to signify their devotion.It's not like your average person that identifies as a Christian follows everything in the new testament either. Only orthodox folks follow their religion with everything they do.
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How come we can take long 40°C+ showers and feel great, but hot summer days over 30° feel like crap?
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Showers last 15 minutes, try an 8 hour 40-deg shower and it will feel bad too.That's 104°F for US people. It's a core temperature thing.. The shower never heats your core up more than a couple of degrees. Interestingly my wife heats up in her sleep to about the same temperature It's gotten her pushed off the bed a couple times since I prefer to be cold.
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Why is whole life insurance considered to be better than term life insurance?
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Generally term life insurance is for a fixed period. Like 15 years or whatever. And the premiums are set based on your risk category at that time. However it's going to expire when the term runs out, and no matter what you will have to shop for more insurance after the term. It's definitely got its uses, like if you have a 20 year mortgage you can get a term life policy for 20 years so if something happens the house still gets paid off. Whole life insurance is valid from the day you purchase it until the day you die as long as you pay the premiums. The premiums tend to be higher , but it also builds value that you can often borrow against . Refer to [this page] for more info.
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Rain-sensing variable-periodicity windshield wipers - how?
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It is a sensor in the windshield. It detects the amount of liquid and adjusts automatically.I work for Mercedes and this question gets asked a lot hahaAn invisible infrared light is traveling inside the windshield glass. It goes from the top down to the bottom, where a sensor measures how much of the light reaches the bottom. When the windshield is dry, the light bounces back and forth inside the glass, and most of the light reaches the sensor. When the surface is wet the light doesn’t bounce back and forth - some light escapes when it hits an area where the outside is wet. So the sensor at the bottom can tell less light reaches it, and thus your windshield must be wet. Fun fact: light bouncing back and forth along the inside of glass is exactly how fiber optic cables work. They’re not electricity, it’s light being pulled inside. Same conceptWhen the rain hits the windshield, a little camera in the glass goes "oh no, glass is wet!" and tells the wipers to get their shit together and push the water away. The more often the camera goes "ah! wet!", the faster the wipers go.
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Why a nearly empty pen that stops working and then when we tested it still writes in a corner of the paper, but rarely rewrites where we left off?
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Friction. The almost empty pen has less ink to press on to the ball, giving it less and less of ink to move in. When you draw a line on the paper you not only leave ink on it, but you also press a tiny imprint into it, this makes the surface less rugged than it was, so when you have a ball with less ink that dries more quicker you get greater friction between the ball and the pen and less between the ball and the paper, so basically it slides on the imprint when it wont work. When you go up to the corner you are not trying to write something so you are not tracing the same line as carefully giving it a greater chance to start rolling again via the extra friction of "fresh" paper.In chemistry, my professor told us that the reason that for this is because there is a micro-coating of minerals which coat the piece of paper you are writting on. This causes the friction which moves the ball in your PBP. If you press hard , you'll rub all the minerals off in the process. Even if you then find a brand new PBP and try to pick up in the same spot, your pen will not work. HTH.edit: words
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Why is it that sometimes I'll wake up congested and sneezy even when I'm not sick, and it'll go away as the day goes on?
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It's most likely tied to the Circadian rhythms in the body, basically fluctuations in biological functions throughout the day. If you're affected by allergies, your body's lower concentration of cortisol in the morning would cause increased symptoms of the allergies. Cortisol helps regulate histamines, which are a known factor in symptoms of allergies. Edit: Just wanted to mention taking allergy medication before bed can help offset the body's lull cortisol production and help alleviate the symptoms you'd feel in the morning _URL_0_
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What happens to batteries in electric vehicles after they can no longer hold a charge? Are they really better for the environment than burning oil?
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Many are retasked to store power for homes or even at places like wind power generating facilities. They'll still have about 80% of their total capacity at the time that they're no longer really useful in a car. Otherwise they can be recycled. Most lithium batteries are almost entirely recyclable. Worst case scenario, they're environmentally safe and can be put in landfills without causing damage the way lead acid batteries do. _URL_0_", 'The majority of the energy used by a car comes from actually driving the car, compared to manufacturing the car. Electric cars do require mining lithium for batteries, but as others have said you can recycle the lithium so you need to mine it just once compared to requiring a constant supply of fossil fuels. The conclusion generally is that unless your electricity comes from a really polluting source , electric cars are much better for the environment.If they are lithium batteries, they can be recycled, and even if they can't lithium isn't a particularly dangerous substance, compared to things like lead and cadmium.
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Are airlines constantly buying airplanes?
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From what I understand, Boeing, Airbus, and other aircraft manufacturers fill orders made by airlines. It's not like buying a car where Boeing has a lot full of new planes and a showroom floor. You see headlines like "Emirates oders 20 new 787s from Boeing." Boeing has a production plant and has a steady supply of orders. I'm not sure about the terms of this contract, if they are rolled out and filled gradually, over the course of a year, or all in one swoop. I'm guessing the former, as boeing wouldn't have the infrastructure to build 20 aircraft simultaeneously. Ailrines have an idea of the age of their fleet, the demand for routes they offer, and future expansion. Emirates may order 10 new 787s to increase service to China, and the next year they may put another order for 5 new 737s to gradually replace their aging fleet. Or they may stand pat for a year and just work with what they got.Yes, they buy airplanes fairly regularly. Take British Airways for example, they have 260 aircraft with an average age of 12 years old. To keep that age fairly constant planes are regularly bought and sold. After they leave BA they might go to a 2nd tier airline, then get converted into freight aircraft. A Boeing 747 is rated for 35000 cycles, so after it's taken off/landed that many times, it's done and needs to be scrapped. If you look here, you can see everybody that bought a 737 in 2015: _URL_1_ Planes get sold a lot /r/aviation like following their history. Ex: _URL_0_", 'First, global air travel is growing, so more planes are needed. Second, planes wear out and need to be replaced.
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How does a computer tell us how much battery percentage is left?
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They use a method called "Coulomb counting". Imagine you bought a wallet to store your money. You know it's empty. Now you put $100. You know, the wallet holds $100. Then you stopped by a gas station and spent $20. Now, even without looking, you know that there are currently $80 in your wallet. Coulomb counting works similarly with batteries - the charge controller monitors how much energy was put into battery and how much was used . This method is subject to some inaccuracy due to losses and gradual deterioration of battery's properties, but is good enough and is much better than measuring voltage . Some systems employ "learning" algorithms to adjust the value based on how the battery was charging/discharging previouslyAs a battery drains, it starts supplying a lower voltage. So a full 9V battery might actually supply around 9.8V, and an empty one might supply around 8.2V. By measuring the voltage supplied by the battery, the computer can tell how much battery is left.
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Is there any motive behind politicians speaking about their families?
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There is. When politicians talk about their families we build a weak relationship to them. It feels More personal for us . Some people don't see politicians as normal human beings, but they really are. When they talk about their families we get reminded that they are people as well, which is good if you want votes. Nobody would vote for a robot. Furthermore. Showing their personal side and showing love and caring for others helps improve their etos. Etos is a rhetorical term for being trustworthy. When showing another part of their minds they increase their trustworthiness.Ever notice how the dads at your workplace kind of "get" each other and share a mutual respect despite not having much else in common? It's like that.
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What is that "feeling" you get in the pit of your stomach?
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> "Our gut, AKA the gastrointestinal system, is comprised of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon. It is lined by mucous membranes and wired by a complex of neurons more numerous than the spinal cord. These neurons are called the enteric nervous system, and some scientists think the gut has a mind of it’s own. Just like the brain, this neural network sends and receives chemicals called neurotransmitters, and reacts to emotions and experiences. The brain and the gut influence each other, but the gut can also respond independently to situations. Gut feelings may indicate a previous lesson learned, hidden from our conscious mind, but available in the memory bank of our gut then transmitted to the intuitive brain." _URL_0_
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Why are humans required to eat a diet seemingly so much more complex than animals?
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In essence our diet isn't that complex and for thousands of years we got by on a much smaller range of foods. The diversity in many different food sources is mostly a luxury in that regard. > there something different between us and most animals who seem perfectly happy to live off a small range of food sources? The ability to choose mostly.Being omnivorous and highly adaptable we can eat almost anything, since we have a complex society and economy there has been large incentive to make "anything" available whenever and wherever it is desired. Sure I could live off whatever is native to the Northeastern US but then I 'd never know the joy of guacamole. For another example, consider how oranges were considered gifts/treats back in the day, now they are commonplace foodstuffs. I think diets are complex because we are complex socially not biologically.Also, 'improvement' in modern human diets are based on a couple of assumptions: humans should live as long as possible and humans should die a 'natural' death . Nutrition science and epidemiology in general tries to tease out all the variables that reduce disease and lead to longer life spans, and specific diet recommendations are a part of that.
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Why do my cock and balls seem to be acquiring an increasingly healthy tan as I get older, despite their very limited exposure to daylight?
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No seriously. Someone smart please answer this. Why is my genital skin darker than most all of my other skin. And darkening as I get older', "The expression of Androgen receptors is greater in melanocytes located in the areolas and genital area. Thus, Androgen stimulation promotes the synthesis of melanin and pigmentation in these areas. This is a relevant paper: _URL_0_There are other hormonal stimuli that promote melanogenesis and their excessive activity causes excessive genital pigmentation .ELI5 translation: The chemicals that turn you into adult also make you darker. The skin at your genitals reacts more from those chemicals. We evolved this way likely to protect the areas more from harmful sunlight radiation.Your old saggy balls are farther away from your face, and the redshift just makes them look darkerSomething to do with the elasticity of the skin. A good visual representation would be to take a rubber band, and stretch it. Notice how it changes to a little lighter of a color and then darker as it returns to its normal shape?', "Skin tone, hair tone, and eye color are caused by how much melanin is present, darker skin has more melanin, your genitals have more melanin to protect the genetic information from the sun's radiation that would cause genetic damage to them.
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Why are high speed cameras so expensive?
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1) Specialized pieces of equipment tend to cost more no matter what you're buying - smaller volumes = higher costs. Plus, they can sell them for more because companies are willing to pay more if the return on investment is good . 2) You need some decent processing firepower to move that much image data through your processors. I've got an Olympus iSpeed TR at work. I think we paid $25K for it - 2000 fps at full sensor resolution, 10,000 fps with reduced image size. For my use (troubleshooting high-speed packaging equipment, I rarely need more than 500 fps, to be fair, but the Oly was recommended by a colleague. If I can eliminate an issue that stops one of my 24/7 packaging lines for 5 minutes a day with that camera, I pay for the camera in under a year.
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Why does paper make so much noise when crumpled?
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Other materials that are shaped like a semi-rigid sheet will make similar amounts of noise when crumpled: aluminum foil, thin sheets of plastic, etc. Each bend that you make in the sheet causes vibrations in it, and the vibrations are amplified similarly to how the cone of a speaker in your stereo makes loud sounds: the large surface moves more air as it vibrates. Start crumpling the paper from a corner and you'll see it vibrate and push air around as you do the crumpling.
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Why are more and more laptops coming with out a dvd drive?
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Pretty much the same reason more and more started coming without a floppy drive 15 years ago. Between huge flash drives and fast online storage, it's a dying medium.
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If we were to replace our neurons one by one with exact copies, would we still be "us"?
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In a more philosophical sense the dilemma you're describing is known as the [ship of Theseus]. If you're asking if neuron replacement is possible the answer is "hell no" in the foreseeable future. Humans have some 20 billion neurons, each of which connects to thousands of others. Trying to replicate that sort of complexity is utterly impossible without decades worth of breakthroughs in nanotechnology. Your brain stores its memories in the connections between the neurons, so if you somehow were to replace all neurons in you with exact replicas nothing would change. Your brain doesn't have a metaphysical part to it. Like cogs in a machine the neurons would continue to fire just as normal. Sure, it 'd be an entirely different brain composed of entirely different atoms but the end result would be identical to the original one.
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What is it about alcohol that causes some people's faces to turn red and feel warm?
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This is a common reaction for people of Asian ancestry. It has to do with lacking an enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase. It means the person does not metabolize alcohol easily. They get drunk easier. _URL_0_
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Cooking term: breaking sauce
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When making a sauce like hollandaise, the butter and egg yolks can separate, or the egg yolks can scramble and become solid.Any sort of emulsion, or forced mixture between components that don't normally blend like oil/fat and water, is held together usually with a binder like egg yolk. If the oil is introduced too quickly to the base, then the mixture will separate into layers and fail to form a sauce. More detail is available if needed, hope this helps!
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Why are pyramid schemes illegal?
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> It's not like they're lying to people. That is exactly why they are illegal*. The fact that most \'investors\' will never get any return is not disclosed. Except for -perhaps- State Lotteries, there aren't many situations where people will willingly risk money knowing they can't get it back. *"Illegal" refers to specific laws, which change when you cross borders. Every City/Township/Parish/County/State/Countrycan write laws. This allows States to write laws allowing them to take money for a lottery. [FBI] [Federal Trade Commission] [FindLaw]', "Because it's a fraud. People get promised wealth and at a certain point in time the people at the bottom get fucked. That means those people get fucked over that promise, essentially paying money for nothing. I mean I would have expected you to have realized the answer when you typed the word fucked. Do you think it's in any way ok to take someone's money and then give them nothing?
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Why do different U.S. states have different start dates for back to school?
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It can differ even from school district to school district! Education policies are set at a local and state level, not federal. State sets things like number of days/hours of classroom instruction each school year. But actual calendar can be set even more locally. When I grew up, we started the week before Labor Day in the Chicago suburbs, but city of Chicago started the day after Labor Day. Some of this may be due to local practices . Some areas get a "ski week" in February in addition to the other breaks all schools get around Christmas and in the spring. While no longer the big impact it was when school year was set 200 years ago, there may be certain areas that are impacted by crops and shift their calendars accordingly. Lots of local reasons can affect the start dates and length of school year.Others are correct, but it also stems from when climate control within the buildings was a bigger concern than it is today. You would not want to be in the classrooms in the hottest months of the year in a particular region when AC wasn't available.
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How come when you shine a laser the light doesn’t automatically try and spread apart?
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Light comes in little packets called photons. These packets can't exactly spread out on their own. They travel in the direction they are emitted in until something like a lense or mirror makes them go a different direction. A laser is set up so that light bounces in a particular direction inside, and this stimulates atoms to send out more light in the same direction. Any little bits of light that are created not travelling along this line just don't end up in the beam. They usually hit the inside of the case holding the laser. So in a sense you have a machine gun firing light particles in a single direction with no reason to really spread out.
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Why, in well over 5 decades, has the United States cut out any major overhaul on infrastructure?
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This just isn't true. The US has grown insanely in the last 50 years and grew all the infrastructure to go with it. The interstate highway system expanded tremendously. Ports grew to incredible size and scale, public transport popped up and grew in various cities across the country oh and cities! Places like Phoenix, Denver barely existed 50 years ago. Orange County, CA still had orange groves all over, and San Antonio looks a world different.Its fucking expensive. Like OMFG WHY DOES A BRIDGE COST THAT MUCH expensive. Expensive projects will usually require a state to raise money via taxes. You want to know the fastest way to lose an election? Raise taxes. Furthermore these expenses while incredibly valuable are very difficult to quantify. I know the interstate brings in money, but how much? Plus people drive these roads and bridges daily. They think "i drive on it all the time, What do you mean it's about to collapse?" All of that means politicians are not willing to spend money on these projects, until the are critical. Add to this the fact that we are just barely out of a massive recession and you can see why we are falling behind', "The United States spends over 400 Billion dollars a year on infrastructure spending, or 1,250 dollars per person per year. I'm not sure what you're getting at with this question.
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What is a promissory note and how/why/when would you use one to buy a house?
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A promissory note is related to mortgages and is the official document you sign that the lender keeps to prove you owe them the money and agreed to pay it back.
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What do large marine mammals drink?
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Many marine mammals have a built-in filtration system that allows them to drink sea water and filter out the salt. In addition, they get a fair amount of their water from the contents of prey that they eat, which is often less salty than the water.
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Is it possible for an unfit, out of shape, overweight, 40 year old male to ever do the Jean-Claude Van Damme split?
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Maybe. Suppose it takes 10 years of dedicated training to reach this goal - from my own experience of doing yoga 3 mornings a week for 2 years in my early 40's, I think that to get to such an accomplishment in 10 years would be a best-case scenario. So that means spending your 40's working towards that goal. There are some tremendously fit & healthy 40-50 year olds, but let's remember that there are degenerative problems that you might slow but won't reverse - and those often start appearing sometime in your 40's or 50's. Keep in mind also that there will be injuries on this path, and that every year that goes by, it takes you just a little bit longer to recover from injuries. And the time spent recovering from injury is time where you're losing gains in strength and flexibility. Here's a question - how many athletes or performers that were able to do this move in their 20's can still do it in their 50's? I would suggest that someone who could do it in their youth probably has an advantage over someone starting from from a fitness deficit.
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Why can't popular singers stream a show live on YouTube and profit money with ads and stuff
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Too much time and not a lot of money in it, it would be like giving away a free concert honestly.
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How exactly do brethalyzers work?
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For the ones which count as evidence in a DUI, there are two mechanisms which measure the alcohol. One is infrared, the other is electrochemical. One of them falls for the liquor-swishing, the other guards against it. Some of hand-held ones are electrochemical and will be duped by mouth alcohol. But those aren't valid for a DUI trial. That's why DUIs wait 20 minutes before taking it just as an extra measure. All the alcohol will be gone by 15 minutes, unless you puke up fresh booze from the stomach. It's also why the breath sample has to be almost impossibly long, so the infrared mechanism gets the air from the longs and not stuff from the mouth.
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why hasn't any space program accepted astronaut applicants between the ages 20 and 30? why only 35+
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They want extremely experienced people to admit into years and years of training. There's just no way you're ready for what they want out of you at age 20 and even 30 is certainly pushing it. That said Gherman Titov was 25 when he flew a Vostok mission.From the NASA website: > Are there age restrictions? > > There are no age restrictions for the program. Astronaut candidates selected in the past have ranged between the ages of 26 and 46, with the average age being 34.
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When you get a shot, like the flu shot or b12, why do you have to get it in certain areas like the arm?
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It depends on what kind of shot you get, but often if you get a shot in the arm it is because it is easiest and least irritating for the patient', "Yes and no. Yes in that certain shots need to go into certain types of tissue. This means some shots need to go into your muscle, some need to go below your skin and actually go in your skin . The muscle ones are the most common and those are really decided by the size of your muscles. The big, easy to get to muscles are your butt, your thighs and your upper arms. In general they limit how much volume per muscle. So smaller injections can go in your arm , larger ones need to go in your legs and the biggest ones tend to go into the butt. You've got muscles all over but trying to inject the same amount of medicine into your rib muscle would be difficult and painful compared to your relatively large bicep. For the most part muscle is muscle so size is the most important factor, followed by convenience like ease of access.
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If artists can draw realistic drawing and paintings, how come there's no good realistic drawings of people from the past?
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Most artists nowadays learn about musculature and other superficial human structures. As the knowledge of medicine increased, the level of detail increased. Art is not always "see and copy", it's more like "see, understand, and replicate". This is the reason da Vinci is considered a pioneer is because he studied the human form in incredible details , among other things as well. Edit: referring to knowledge of anatomy within a culture. Also, sculptures like Michelangelo's David came near anatomical detail only because of anatomical studies by the artists on their ownMore often than not, they didn't want to. It wasn't important to them. They wanted to represent other things. Don't you think that if the ancient greek were able to create a bronze sculpture of a god like [this one] 2500 years ago they wouldn't have been able to draw him "realistically" as well? Edit to include the paleolithic : I don't know about you, but I can't draw [horses] nor [bulls] so wellMaterials and primarily access to them. Also a lot easier to learn different techniques now, passed down knowledge etc.
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What's the whole Bill Cosby scandal and does it seem like he's guilty?
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Cosby had been accused of drugging and raping women several times, and in 2006 he paid a settlement to prevent a civil suit about it from going to trial. This was reported in the media at the time, but not widely reported, and it did not receive much attention until earlier this year. Comedian Hannibal Buress mentioned the rape allegations on stage, and for whatever reason, it caught fire. I personally had never heard about the allegations until this happened, and I think I am in the majority with this. Since then, several women have come forward saying that Cosby drugged and raped them. The stories are very similar. They were trying to break into acting. Cosby said he would help them. Then he offered them a drink and the next thing they knew they were naked in his bed. These stories go back as far as the 60s. My personal opinion, he is guilty. I just can't imagine 27 women all making up the same story, and taking all the risks that come with publicly accusing a famous person of rape. I am not a juror, though, so take my opinion for what it is worth.I believe he is guilty and has gotten away with drugging and raping many women. He is a disgrace and I hope justice is somehow served .Karma.
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Why do americans seem to have a lot of bank accounts across different banks?
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I'll explain my reasoning. PG County Credit union savings from when I was a minor and my parents belonged to that credit union. My first account. Baltimore credit union savings and checking through my current employer because it was required for direct deposit of paychecks. Also have an IRA and deferred comp account with them. MD Employees checking offered no fee withdraws for my first home's mortgage and was a free transfer from the Baltimore account above. Wells Fargo checking because they offered to match up to $500 deposit when I bought my car if I set up direct deposit for my car payment through them. Essentially 1 1/2 free car payments. My second credit union account auto transfers once a month to Wells Fargo for no fee to guarantee the funds are there for my car payment. Chase Manhattan checking for same reason as the above Wells Fargo but for my mortgage. Synchrony bank checking. Same reason as above but for my bedroom set and they offered 0% interest on the loan for 2 years. Took the total and divided by 23 payments and set that as the auto payment amount. Bank of America savings because the rates were good. Dropped $1000 in it a couple years ago and don't touch it.
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Why are animals physically superior to cats (such as alligators) manage to still be afraid of them?
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two reasons: First, animals are afraid of things that are unknown or mysterious, even if the danger might not necessarily be life-threatening. Think about how many human beings are afraid of spiders, or non-venomous snakes, or small dogs? Second, threats aren't all life or death. Sure, that alligator might have been able to take that cat, but that's a big cat and a small alligator. What if the alligator loses an eye? bleeds out from it's tongue? what if the Alligator is hungry, and worried that the energy it will take to fight that sizable cat might be worth more than any meal it even might be able to get?
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Why does your phone (or any flat rectangular object, like a credit card) flip on both its x and y axis, when you flip it from just the bottom?
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It's called The intermediate axis theorem. Rotating your phone with its axis perpendicular to its face takes the most energy to spin it, because the corners are far from the axis of rotation. Rotating your phone with its axis perpendicular to the narrow usb end takes the least energy to spin it, because the corners are closer. Rotating your phone with the axis perpendicular to the button side is in-between them, so it takes a middle amount of energy. This makes it unstable, or semi-stable. So it wobbles as it rotates. _URL_0_
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What happens in a molecular level when wood ages?
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A chemical bond is either a "yes" or a "no". It doesn't weaken so much as get converted into some other form of molecule. Wood is mainly made up of long chains of molecules from the "sugar" class of compounds. And different types of wood have different densities of the sugars - oak, for example, has a lot more than soft woods like poplar. Those sugars are indigestible to us, but the bacteria in the bellies of termites can eat them, and some fungi do the same. There's physical abrasion , the sun busting some of those molecules with its ultraviolet light energy, and water penetrating and freezing/thawing to cause cracks to grow and so on, and insects such as ants burrowing in it. But the big thing is that the sugars in wood get digested over time by living things unless blocked through chemical products. Water helps fill in the gaps between the sugar molecules and adds strength, which is why a "green" twig will bend but a dried one is easier to snap.
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How do they stop a large gas main fire?
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Depends on the intensity of the fire. Generally they shut off the flow of gas further up the system. Letting the remaining fuel burn off, cooling it with water or foam and sealing the well. There are methods to shutting off fires at oil wells which can involve the use of explosives or other methods of capping the well. _URL_0_', "> Just got me wondering how they keep it from going back up the line. Fire needs three things to continue: Fuel, oxygen, and heat. There's no oxygen in the gas line, so fire can't burn there.Fun fact, they used explosives to put out the oil rig fires that Saddam started in the first Gulf War.
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What is a computer server?
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A computer. It's a computer that has a whole lot of storage space and a really sturdy processor. It also runs specific software for specific tasks. An office's file server, for example, would be a totally normal computer except it would have, say, four terabytes of storage. That computer goes on the local network and is made accessible to, and from, any computers on that same network. The employees then use said server to exchange files. They will also use Windows Server rather than Windows 7/10 due to software features.
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What's the relationship between taste and smell?
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> Why does losing sense of smell cause reduced taste buds It doesn't. Your taste buds can only tell if something is salty, sour, bitter, sweet, or umami flavor. That's **it**. Those are the only tastes that exist. So a banana, a pear, an apple, a tablespoon of sugar, and a piece of candy all taste the same as far as your taste buds are concerned. The complexity that makes a banana "taste" different from a pear or an apple is 100% from the smell that you get as your chew , and isn't taste at all.
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Why are cooling towers shaped the way they are?
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_URL_0_ This is probably the best answer you can find. From my knowledge, , it has to do with the pressures of keeping cold air down toward the base, while efficiently evacuating hot air through the topThey are hyperboloids because it’s easier to create structures of this size with this form since it requires less material and it’s strong enough.
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Why do Muslims call their God 'Allah' even though they believe in the same God as do Christians and Jews?
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Allah is simply the Arabic word for God. Christians Arabs also used the word Allah to refer to the same God"Allah" is just the Arabic word for "God." However, Arabic is a very important language to Islam: the Quran is in Arabic; it's the language of the major figures . So English translations often preserve the Arabic word "Allah" because of its special associations. In Judaism, the name "Yahweh" is not permitted to be pronounced, which is why Jews say "Adonai" out loud while reading--it means "Lord", and in many English translations you'll find "the LORD" where the original text said "YHWH" . A similar concept. It is perfectly acceptable to say "God" instead of "Allah," and there are versions of the Quran where you won't find the word "Allah."
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How was the first language created and what was used for communication before?
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**Edit:** If this isn't "ELI5" enough, please ask me to rewrite or explain any part of my answer. I don't mind! :) You would be interested in reading The Unfolding of Language by Guy Deutcher. The book is about how language may have developed - going through the phases of first nouns, then nouns and verbs, then nouns and verbs in a particular order to show who is doing what, then inflecting verbs to talk about the past or future, etc. I wish I had the book on hand, I 'd give you some good quotes from it. His writing is very approachable; it's not necessary to have any linguistics knowledge to read his stuff, so check it out sometime! The only problem is, there's not really a "first language" - each small group of people would have probably had different sets of sounds for words, and the idea of language may not necessarily have all come from one group of people, it may have sprung up naturally in different groups around the same time. It's very difficult to know that specific kind of information. Since no written form of language exists beyond about 6,000BC ), it's very difficult to have any strong evidence of language before then. It's like trying to learn about your grandmother's life, when she only started keeping a diary at age 15. However, we can trace changes that we do have evidence of, and theorize how language was changing before then, and trace language evolution that way. Wikipedia has [an extremely good article on the origin of language], which goes into some other things I don't know much about, like pre-language communication . You might also be interested in an article that [MSNBC posted not too long ago], about how there are theories that Yoda's particular word order may actually be quite similar to the syntax of the proto-languages in East AfricaIt evolved, gradually, over a long time, it was not created in its full form out of nothing.
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Why are insects attracted to shiny surfaces/lights?
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I have read that nocturnal insects use far away light sources to help them navigate. Consider how some small kids think the moon is following them when they are out at night. This is because it is so far away that it seems to stay in the same place relative to you as you walk in a straight line. If a moth flies past your porch light and perceives that it is the moon, then when they move so it is behind them, they perceive that they must be flying downward so they adjust their course to keep it "above" them. They keep adjusting their course to keep it above their back. This results in the flying in a spiral upand around and eventually right to the light. They bounce of and then fly in the same pattern again. It made sense to me but seems kind of sad.
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What is a 'beer belly'?
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It's actually a combination of fat from a poor diet and an inflamed liver. Alcohol causes inflammation of tissues, particularly in the liver. Add in a crappy diet with carb-heavy beer, and the gut takes on a swollen appearance. Just a plain old fat belly won't be as round and swollen looking as a beer belly because a beer belly is actually swollen.
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How have there been so few fatalities due to the storm in the Philippines?
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This isn't the first time its happened. When you live out on an island in the pacific where these storms happen regularly, you get used to it. Its kind of like how Florida can regularly get hit by high category Hurricanes with minimal damage, while someone further up the coast gets hit and its virtually ends the world. Florida knows it gets hit a lot, so they prep everything to handle it when it happens.It is very hard to count bodies during the middle of the biggest storm in history. Wait until next weekend, and then you tell me the death count.
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Why is it so hard to grip things or twist things open right after you wake up?
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In order to stop you from injuring yourself when you're dreaming your body paralyses you. When you wake up you're still under the influence of these chemicals which takes a while to get over. Additionally when you sleep you often compress the carpal tunnel . As you wake up, the pressure on the nerve is relieved, but it takes a little bit for it to get back to full strength. The median nerve controls a few muscles in the hand, so your grip strength decreases when the nerve is damaged/irritated. Additionally when you sleep your blood doesn't spread the same as when you're awake and vertical so the pressure is different. If the body's response to a change in vertical position is slow or absent, the result is orthostatic hypotension. It is not a true disease, but the inability to regulate blood pressure quickly. It isn't anything major unless it affects daily life significantly . Edit: Fixing grammar because I wrote this drowsily early in the morning.but if someone scares you, you will gain full strenght and conciousness in a milisecond. its the most efficient way of waking up. watch a screamer on youtube and you will have full energy no matter what
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Why do I laugh when I'm in pain?
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Generally, people that do this grew up in an environment where the strong dominate the weak, and only the strong are the ones who's genes are passed down. When in pain, you do not want to appear weak, so you laugh to make look like it's not that big of a problem to you; that you can deal with it. If you, for example, cried instead of laughed, the people around you would view that as a sign of weakness. Often, people who have grown up in abusive environments laugh when they talk about the abuse they have undergone, as if to say, "Yeah, my parents got drunk and repeatedly punched me, haha, no biggie, right?", as, in their minds, admitting their feelings about the abuse they have undergone would make them appear weak, and they would be placed at the bottom of the social pyramid and wouldn't have their genes passed down.
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How does an antenna transmit and receive signal?
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/r/hamradio/r/amateurradio/r/askelectronics ^Those folks will LOOOOVE explaining this to you .Edit:formattingantennae do not transmit signals, transmitters transmit signals, antennae are cut at resonant frequency of the transmitted signal, which mean a whole wave must be able to fit on the antenna but in reality, you can propagate a quarter of the wave on the antenna. there is some simple math that will help you calculate the needed length of the antenna, i will get to that lastly. if you look at the antenna on your car, it sometimes has an antenna with a single rod and then a wire wrapped around that rod, both are cut for opposite ends of the spectrum the antenna is required to receive. so lets say your listening to FM radio, and you are getting crappy reception on 101.5 , that is 101.5 MHZ. the math 300/101.5=2.955 meters *39.37 gives you 116.36 inches *.25 gives you 29.09 inches would be the length for best reception. 300 divided by megahertz is the basis for the formula which has to do with the speed of light, like someone said, it gets really complicated and is difficult to put in terms a 5 yr old can comprehend.if you were doing AM radio you would present it in decimal lengths of MHZ example 101.5 KHZ on your radio dial would be 300/.101500. but in AM radio, the lengths can get very long. 300/.101500=2955.66 meters * 39.37=116364.66 inches /12=9697 feet *.25 =2424.26 feet. before the days of active filters and active antennae, they wrapped coils of wire around a ferrite core for AM radio antennae. edit: nomenclature', "Simply, radio waves are electro-magnetic waves . This allows them to induce a current in a coil just the way magnets do. Look up electromagnetic induction for more details on that.Basically, with the correct antenna length the light waves can cause a current to form in these antenna coils thereby converting light to a electric current that can be amplified and normalized to give you a signal that you can hear via 'speakers'.
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why can a fan make a room cooler when the room is a constant temperature?
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The room doesn't necessarily get cooler, it just *feels* cooler. Transferring heat form your body to the air works best when the air is moving, even if the air is warm your body can sweat and cool itself from the evaporation.When the fan moves the air, it is transferring heat away from your body and letting it disperse evenly into the air in the room. As long as the air in the room itself does not reach 98.6 degrees to match your body temperature, the movement of the air is cooling you down, just like a radiator can do for an engine.
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Who is the 'affluenza' teen, and why is everyone pissed about him?
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They're up in arms because the court decision at the time effectively said that he is so rich and therefore so out of touch with the concept of responsibility that he could not be held responsible for his actions. Basically that there is a level of "spoiled brat" that legally makes you immune to punishment for functionally murdering several people. Which is an understandably odious thing to most people.
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How does thermite work?
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Thermite is a mixture of a metal and a metal oxide - a common choice is aluminum and iron oxide. When the thermite is ignited, the aluminum is oxidized and the iron oxide is reduced, leaving aluminum oxide and pure iron. This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat - lots of heat. The temperature can reach 2500 degrees, enough to melt through most metals.
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How come shoes in sizes 7 and 14 are listed as "special sizes" and also so hard to come by?
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This is because in most shops a men's size is from 8 to 13, this is based on average sizes Women's sizes go from 5 to 9. That being said, a women's size nine is the exact equivalent of a men's 7, so maybe try that as you can usually get basic shoes in both men's and women's
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Why hasn't Esperanto taken off?
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Lots of reasons. 1. Esperanto isn't a functional langauge in it's original form. It turns out, human language has certain universal rules that require layers of complexity that perfect logic doesn't allow. It has since, of course, been reworked into a usable language, but the "simple and consistent" claim doesn't hold up. 2. It is not whatsoever neutral. All of the grammar and vocabulary is blatantly stolen from Romance and Slavic languages. Some have even called it a creole of Spanish and Polish. 3. It has a tiny speech community. You think Spanish is useless? Esperanto has 2 million speakers, Spanish has over 400 million. There is more literature, more culture, more people, more conversations to be had, more places to go, more likelihood of running into a speaker in real life, etc. 4. It's not any better than any other languages. The only thing that makes it likable is a regular orthography , and vocabulary familiar to speakers of European languages. To someone with a background in any language outside the Indo European family, it's just as hard as English to learn, perhaps much harder, because there are no materials, and few speakers.
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Why do flight fares change all the time instead of having fixed fares like buses and trains?
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Trains and busses for public transportation are regulated and subsidized by the government. The city or state will have a transit authority or department of transportation negotiate and partially subsidize a fixed price. Public transportation is subsidized by the government as a public service and to encourage commerce and employment by having cheap transportation from residential areas to business districts. Airlines are not considered public transportation so their prices are not regulated.It's called 'active pricing' or other euphemism for trying to get the highest price possible for each ticket. Airlines, as well as many sellers on Amazon, have noticed that people are willing to pay more for some good or service at different times of day, at different income levels, for convenience, depending on how many times they searched for it, etc. So an airplane ticket may cost more closer to the day of take-off, it may cost more because big data says you have more to pay, it may pay more because big data says you are bad with money, or it may go lower in price after you've searched for another airline. Or even for no reason at all - sometimes the prices are a little random.
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What happens to a file after it has been deleted?
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It is removed from the active file directory so you can no longer find it. Then the spot on the hardrive that stores the data is marked as free space. The data is still there for a little bit until you write somethings over itFile systems have some kind of indexes, which lists where each file exists, and where do you have free space. Deleting file does nothing else but remove this entry from this index. If you were to somehow look for the data, you would find it just where you left it, but if you don't remember where you put your file, you may have to go through all the now-free space on your hard drive to find that file again. And because that space was marked as free, any write operation has a chance of overwriting the data. There are so called digital shredders which overwrite the actual file data after deleting it from the index, once or twice depending on if you believe NSA is willing to spend millions to uncover your hdd contents or not. Also, if you sell your computer to someone, or your hdd, then you're probably gonna want to shred the entire disk once, just to be safe. Other than that, usually the file is for all practical ourposes gone once you delete it. Also, computers have separate trash bin feature, where instead of deleting a file, it's moved to special folder called trash bin, where you can delete them later. This makes it easier to retrieve data if you made a mistake. Trash bin contents still take disk space because user may want to undo the operation, so you can't overwrite the space those files are at.
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why do catholics worship the virgin Mary?
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Common misconception that they "worship" her, she's just held in really high regard as she is believed to have been born without original sin and obviously birthed Jesus, who is an important guyThis is a misconception. She's just treated VERY well. It's a bit like respect for a friend's mother, only that the friend is much better, and will help you out of Hell. Why is there a difference in views? Well Long time ago, there was a very popular denomination in Christianity. It was called Catholicism. There was a head: It was called the *Catholic Church*. Now, as a Catholic, I have to agree that some things the Catholic Church did were unreasonable, and sparked a rebellion. This rebellion was started by *Martin Luther* . Now, Martin Luther, unhappy with the Catholic Church, split and started his OWN form of Christianity. It was called "Protestantism". Nowadays, Protestantism has now broken up into a lot of different forms, while Catholicism also has broken into a lot of different forms, although not as many as Protestantism. Source: I am a Catholic Christian The word worship may be a bit abused at times. People can venerate a person without "worship". Many stories have a hero to be respected or recognized for their good deeds. Any "worship" done in such a case is not the same as the "worship" given an actual god. When you get into religious discussion, words are often abused as such and leads to some very muddy waters. Many arguments about religion devolve into what *seems* to some to be pedantic arguments, but in all reality, the words used *are* important. Adhering to a more specific lexicon is common in other specialized discussion. You don't suddenly start misusing or creating new arbitrary definitions for say, physics terms, without catching flack from the physicists for talking out of your ask or needlessly complicating what is being covered. Specificity has its place in many discussions.
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What is the "c" character with the little squiggly thing at the bottom for?
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It represents a "soft" c, or S sound in French and Portuguese. For example, the French word français is pronounced "frahn-say" whereas without the cedille, francais would be "frahn-kay"In a lot of languages, including English, you can tell whether the letter "c" represents a [k] or an [s] sound by the vowel that comes after it: it's a [k] before "a
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How can someone be lost at sea with all of the technology and satellites we have now?
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> pick them up on a satellite Satellites don't have any special abilities to "sense" where people are. Most satellites aren't cameras, those that *are* cameras are in use by spying agencies and they cost a trillion dollars. If those lost people were floating around the Indian Ocean spotting them with a spy satellite would be like spotting a tick on a dog from a mile away. Compounding that, the ocean is full of floating garbage. Miles and miles of it. Its not a matter of technology, but scale.Oceans are huge, and most GPS technology only *accepts* information from satellites; it doesn't talk back or relay any information back to the satellites, so no one sees or hears anything. Also, did I mention that they oceans are huge?
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Why can't we drill 1m diameter hole above the location of taiwan kids trapped in a cave instead of diving to try and rescue them ?
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Experts are considering it _URL_0_ PS - It’s in Thailand not Taiwan What if that cause the cave to collapse onto the kids trapping them or even killing them. Their safety is more important than getting them out hastily and risk getting them in harm’s way', "Any idea why can't a scuba diver go down there with breathing gear and take the kids 1 by 1?
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With regards to documentation, what is the difference between "format" and "style"?
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It's a little context sensitive but I'd say that document format dictates how your document is structured while style dictates what that structuring looks like. For example my format defines paragraphs, headers and hyperlinks. My style defines that paragraphs have a normal font weight, headers have a bold font weight and hyperlinks have a normal font weight but a blue color and underline.
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Why do we get nightmares when we are feverish or sick and fall asleep?
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Dreams are not fully understood, and neither are nightmares. Based on empirical findings there are several theories that present themselves. Based on those different theories there are different explanations and answers to your question, but our knowledge in this area and the brain as a whole is surprisingly limited. Nightmares are defined as bad dreams. The most reasonable theory would be the Modern Theory: Most people today subscribe to this theory that dreams are a connection to our unconscious mind ie. our hidden desires and true feelings. Hence, when you are sick, the emotions generated in our unconscious mind correlate to those which have been proven to elicit nightmares, as dreams are a reflection of out strongest, most abstract emotions according to this theory. Stress and discomfort cause bad dreams as a result. Nightmares due to being sick or going through a rough patch in life have the same cause.It's literally a hallucination effect because as your brain cooks really the parts that control your rem sleep kinda go haywire for lack of a better layman term it focuses on not letting critical parts of your brain die. So, in turn you get random sometimes awful dreams.things you think about once and forget consciously but come back when your body is basically on damage control. .not comfort mode.
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why doesn't ice cream freeze into a solid? (it remains softish)
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There are two key ingredients/additives in commercial ice cream. These are called **Stabilisers** and **Emulsifiers**. The two used in Ice Cream are called **Guar Gum & Xanthan Gum**. ***Guar Gum*** comes from seeds from the Guar Plant. It is a refined additive which acts like a Thickening Agent/Emulsifier. When used in small quantities, it prevents the growth of ice crystals which would cause the ice cream to harden into icicles. ***Xanthan Gum*** is a Stabiliser that comes from Seaweed and is also used in foods as a gelling agent and thickener. This Stabiliser helps keep air in the ice cream mixture Without these two additives, yes Icecream would freeze into more of a solid.Ice cream starts out as *stuff* dissolved in water. Through churning it at low temperatures, you get the water to freeze, but it can't freeze into a solid block because there's all that *stuff* in the way. So what you end up with is tiny ice crystals suspended in a matrix of stuff, not a solid block of frozen water.
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Would Michael Phelp's 'special' genes make him good at sports other than swimming
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No sport puts as much emphasis on upper body strength as the Butterfly, except probably wheelchair racing. His reaction time seems pretty good, and he could probably hit baseballs pretty well. Translating that into a baseball defensive position seems questionable. Maybe golf, though that's much more finesse than raw force . Some boxers have long reach, and power helps there, but the short legs might not be a plus.
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