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Inspired by the mural , Bono took an extended break from recording into July , travelling to Nicaragua and El Salvador with his wife , Alison Hewson , to see firsthand the distress of peasants bullied by political conflicts and US military intervention . While there , they worked with the Central American Mission Part... | 65e677301cf690fd8dcbf2d3ecac0f8b | 30,946 |
In 2006 , Bono recounted another experience he had in El Salvador , where he had seen a body thrown from a van into the road . He remarked , " People would just disappear . If you were part of the opposition , you might find an SUV with the windows blacked out parked outside your house .... If that didn 't stop you , ... | 96c3ca7b0e539c4b03a225eac20a77ee | 30,947 |
" Mothers of the Disappeared " was created and mixed at guitarist the Edge 's newly @-@ bought home , Melbeach , which U2 used as a recording studio . Bono wrote the song on his mother @-@ in @-@ law 's Spanish guitar , and drummer Larry Mullen , Jr. created a drum loop that was sampled by producer Brian Eno . The mel... | 3e4f97e9ea24d65e214aa8ea22dbc361 | 30,948 |
At the conclusion of the lyrics sheet for the song in the liner notes of The Joshua Tree , U2 listed addresses for several branches of Amnesty International , and proceeds from the song were donated to the organization . In 1998 , Bono re @-@ recorded the song a cappella in English and Spanish for the album ¡ Ni Un Pa... | 75c8991391844d09172bd65f162a0c7b | 30,949 |
= = Composition and theme = =
| 66cd457f56b31635e16d68620ff065fd | 30,951 |
" Mothers of the Disappeared " runs for 5 : 14 ( 5 minutes , 14 seconds ) . It is played in common time in a key of A. The song begins with the sound of rain hitting a roof , which fades in over the first fourteen seconds alongside the bass and a processed drum loop beat by Mullen which reverberates in the background ... | 7c3c62f136bfaf0cf1a3757db294af9e | 30,953 |
Eno used a piano as a percussive instrument and mixed the result with the drum loop through a PCM70 effects unit to create a sound that bassist Adam Clayton called " eerie and foreign and scary " . Lanois stated that the processing of Mullen 's beat , which resulted in a drone @-@ like sound , became the song 's backb... | bf1d1077cf85e4651a0b552b45971b3f | 30,954 |
In December 1986 , Bono stated that he had a love – hate relationship with America , and that this influenced his work on the album . Speaking of his encounter with COMADRES in El Salvador and their impact on the song , he said , " There 's no question in my mind of the Reagan Administration 's involvement in backing ... | 330fdb14f16fe01dbb5a6f193608b689 | 30,955 |
Greg Garrett , an English professor at Baylor University , saw the song as an effort to " [ respond ] to growing interests in doing justice — and calling to attention American failures in that regard " , noting that the regimes in South America had been supported by the United States because of their anti @-@ communis... | 95f196679bbd216b54a6a6efb141ac41 | 30,956 |
= = Live performances = =
| 92d650a9ba02781dd8b0a1912f817854 | 30,958 |
U2 debuted " Mothers of the Disappeared " on 14 April 1987 in San Diego , California , on the first leg of the Joshua Tree Tour , where it closed the concert in place of the band 's long @-@ time finale " 40 " . It was performed three more times on the leg ; twice to open the encore and once to conclude the main set .... | 3b67c3d899deab419cf6dd82786d3e9b | 30,960 |
The final two performances , in Tempe , Arizona , on 19 and 20 December 1987 , were filmed for the 1988 film Rattle and Hum . U2 sang the refrain " el pueblo vencerá " , which means " a people united will overcome " in Spanish , at the conclusion of the song . Bono noted that the Madres use the phrase for motivation .... | c4d88ee9ff129f061cfdbaef6c024bfd | 30,961 |
Following the seven performances on the Joshua Tree Tour , U2 did not perform " Mothers of the Disappeared " until 1998 , on the fourth leg of the PopMart Tour . It was played at three concerts in Argentina and once in Chile , concluding all four shows . Bono sang " el pueblo vencerá " at the end of each performance .... | 7f278055942e624be63a5e6879117fd0 | 30,962 |
The cost of the tickets was too high for many fans in South America , so the band broadcast the 11 February concert in Chile live on television . Knowing that many people in the country would be watching , they played " Mothers of the Disappeared " in place of " Wake Up Dead Man " . The stadium in which the concert wa... | 7589877d1109ef7deed461139bbb12c7 | 30,963 |
" Mothers of the Disappeared " was performed again on the fourth leg of the Vertigo Tour , on 26 February 2006 in Santiago and 2 March in Buenos Aires . Although it was rehearsed by the full band , it was played only by Bono and the Edge in an arrangement similar to the one from the PopMart Tour . The Edge performed t... | 892d9e99f77ce83deafde56df988e233 | 30,964 |
= = Reception = =
| f8d79e3fcb54590ed5efe8209a7826d9 | 30,966 |
" Mothers of the Disappeared " was favourably received by critics . Steve Morse of The Boston Globe called the song " powerful " and described the backing vocals as tender and choirlike . Don McLeese of the Chicago Sun @-@ Times described it as a " hymn to human rights " . Adrian Thrills of NME called it " a simple , ... | 624482a2a603937b6ddbcac58b061c07 | 30,968 |
Barbara Jaeger of The Bergen Record likened " Mothers of the Disappeared " to " New Year 's Day " and " Pride ( In the Name of Love ) " , stating that the band used all three to " stir political consciousness and to urge social commitment . " Thirteen years later , Ryan Jones , in his review of U2 's 2000 album All Th... | c4c70179c5890dd36e1acbb214bc819f | 30,969 |
Reflecting on the applause given to the Madres during the PopMart concert in Buenos Aires , the U2 magazine Propaganda called the result " about the most moving thing I 've ever seen on a rock stage . It was one of those ideas that really could have gone either way , but the obvious empathy of the audience towards the... | 69f0f718a7d2fca1a5ca8174feade703 | 30,970 |
" Mothers of the Disappeared " has been covered several times . The Vitamin String Quartet included it on their 2004 tribute album The String Quartet Tribute to U2 's The Joshua Tree . Paddy Casey recorded a version for the tsunami relief album Even Better Than the Real Thing Vol . 3 in 2005 .
| 722f359a6585831732f8be22526f0b48 | 30,971 |
= = Personnel = =
| 7a6d26083ea635088dddefc202021790 | 30,973 |
= Katherine Pulaski =
| c8f3057381178872883fa2f1f642ad93 | 30,977 |
Commander Katherine Pulaski is a fictional medical doctor in the American science fiction television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . She is the chief medical officer aboard the Federation starship USS Enterprise @-@ D. Her medical skills saved the lives of Captain Jean @-@ Luc Picard and Commander William Rik... | ac70b95db03ca05bfb5e94aab891113b | 30,979 |
Portrayed by American actress Diana Muldaur , Pulaski replaced the character of Commander Beverly Crusher for the second season after Gates McFadden 's contract was not renewed . Pulaski first appeared in the second season opener " The Child " , and made her final appearance in " Shades of Gray " . Before playing the ... | d0ad4008aacbe647d00d155f9d054382 | 30,980 |
Reviewers criticized Pulaski 's approach , as well as her inability to fit in with the crew . Critics noted that her transporter phobia was reminiscent of Dr. Leonard McCoy from The Original Series , as was her relationship with Data ; Pulaski 's interaction with Data raised comparisons to that of McCoy and Spock from... | 115e01a5a51b21f878bd407a773accf7 | 30,981 |
= = Concept and development = =
| 1d3ad6d530f71a83005f4fbe2f0a71e9 | 30,983 |
Towards the end of the first season of Star Trek : The Next Generation , staff members convinced Gene Roddenberry to drop Gates McFadden as Dr. Beverly Crusher from the show . Executive producer Rick Berman opposed this decision . To allow for McFadden 's return in the future , Roddenberry wrote Crusher 's character o... | fcf7f0b7356bd6287e52c705054a8df6 | 30,985 |
Muldaur was not required to audition for the role of Pulaski . Instead , she was given 15 VHS cassettes of the first season . She found it " very exciting " , noting it " got better and better and better " as she watched it . Christina Pickles was also considered for the part of Pulaski , a decision Berman described a... | 43c9132cbd239a291281f9ac0318d0f7 | 30,986 |
Katherine Pulaski debuted in the second season episode " The Child " , with Whoopi Goldberg making her first appearance of the series as Guinan in the same episode . Even though Muldaur was a regular character on The Next Generation , she was only listed in the opening credits as a " Special Guest Star " . Overall , M... | bf629c6d4914c2a9fffccd98b5130922 | 30,987 |
= = Appearances = =
| fa2af00833c4400349cfa5332a61583e | 30,989 |
Pulaski 's background is touched upon in the episode " The Icarus Factor " . She was previously romantically involved with Commander William Riker 's father Kyle Riker ( Mitchell Ryan ) , after she was part of a rescue team responding to a Tholian attack on a Federation Starbase . She realised that a romantic relation... | 2c8625984d2dd7b0da1c934613cccbdf | 30,991 |
In , " Elementary , Dear Data " she challenges Lt. Cmdr Data to solve an original Sherlock Holmes mystery on the holodeck . He accepts her challenge , which results in the creation of a self @-@ aware hologram of Professor Moriarty ( Daniel Davis ) . Pulaski joins Data and Lieutenant Geordi La Forge ( LeVar Burton ) ,... | a05f54283fca6704596ad759253f2585 | 30,992 |
Pulaski 's apprehension at using the transporter was evident in " The Schizoid Man " , where Dr. Selar ( Suzie Plakson ) went with the away team instead of Pulaski , as it required her to beam over to a transport vessel . However , the transporter would later save Pulaski 's life in " Unnatural Selection " , after she... | e4c7100a03e3d64bfcc0344e2661ccad | 30,993 |
She demonstrates her medical expertise on several occasions . In " Time Squared " , Pulaski discovers that the duplicate Captain Picard is out of sync in time and will slowly improve until he returns to the point at which he left . In the episode " Pen Pals " , Picard orders Pulaski to wipe the memories of a young gir... | c96d61a6a137e85ad00d1c47c8b4b6b5 | 30,994 |
When the Enterprise arrives at the lost colony of Mariposa in " Up the Long Ladder " , the Mariposans kidnap Pulaski and Commander William Riker ( Jonathan Frakes ) and steal their DNA to clone new members of their colony . Although technologically advanced , the Mariposans lack genetic diversity . When Pulaski and Ri... | 430f6fb250906a07482cdea0d738c156 | 30,995 |
Following Data 's defeat at a game of Strategema in " Peak Performance " , Pulaski and Councillor Deanna Troi ( Marina Sirtis ) attempt to console him , but it is left to Captain Picard to convince Data that he is not malfunctioning . Pulaski 's final appearance on The Next Generation was in the episode " Shades of Gr... | eb2207ff3f0c4a2fb9926aadea8ee9e3 | 30,996 |
In the alternative future timeline portrayed in " Endgame " , the Star Trek : Voyager finale , Pulaski is said to have worked at the Starfleet Medical facility in San Francisco .
| a66f1fa6d6d39271610d6cce2c9429d5 | 30,997 |
= = = Novels = = =
| 37de4ad750b3796d81fd25bde622351b | 30,999 |
Pulaski appears in several books of the non @-@ canon novel series based on the adventures of the crew in The Next Generation and elsewhere in the same time period . In Peter David 's novel Vendetta ( 1991 ) , Pulaski is reassigned to the Repulse under Captain Taggart following her departure from the Enterprise . In S... | e856185a63ac0609cbfa69b6ffa5fe14 | 31,001 |
= = Reception and commentary = =
| 64a80c21129e6fb65ca1114be819f612 | 31,003 |
In their 1998 book , Star Trek 101 , Terry J. Erdmann and Paula M. Block called " Unnatural Selection " the key Pulaski episode . Science fiction writer Keith DeCandido felt that she displays all of her worst traits in this episode , including " her stubbornness , her intensity , her constant interrupting of people , ... | b91e23ff75b1d50d7b0dfe3befe40c41 | 31,005 |
The events of " Elementary Dear Data " led film professor Zoran Samardžija to suggest that Pulaski may have been inspired by the works of Friedrich Nietzsche . In Sherlock Holmes and Philosophy : The Footprints of a Gigantic Mind ( 2011 ) , Samardžija notes that Pulaski 's argument that Data lacks intuition is reminis... | 708f33a86b42905533188c4daa9939c3 | 31,006 |
= Noisy miner =
| 3b8e894054c6fd6eaedb54c20cc315c9 | 31,009 |
The noisy miner ( Manorina melanocephala ) is a bird in the honeyeater family , Meliphagidae , and is endemic to eastern and south @-@ eastern Australia . This miner is a grey bird , with a black head , orange @-@ yellow beak and feet , a distinctive yellow patch behind the eye and white tips on the tail feathers . Th... | 9320d4a2a73369b34fdd4788c2792b54 | 31,011 |
Found in a broad arc from Far North Queensland through New South Wales and Victoria to Tasmania and southeastern South Australia , the noisy miner primarily inhabits dry , open eucalypt forests that lack understory shrubs . These include forests dominated by spotted gum , box and ironbark , as well as in degraded wood... | b96d95e7778a6de87407656021853522 | 31,012 |
Noisy miners are gregarious and territorial ; they forage , bathe , roost , breed and defend territory communally , forming colonies that can contain several hundred birds . Each bird has an ' activity space ' and birds with overlapping activity spaces form associations called ' coteries ' , the most stable units with... | 2d1df59429df103e7fcb956c5c1ef9f9 | 31,013 |
Foraging in the canopy of trees and on trunks and branches and on the ground , the noisy miner mainly eats nectar , fruit and insects . Most time is spent gleaning the foliage of eucalypts , and it can meet most of its nutritional needs from manna , honeydew and lerp gathered from the foliage . The noisy miner does no... | 2b7eaf0433a40fb4870913cc888e6774 | 31,014 |
= = Taxonomy = =
| ecc91bdacd3691ba81b1bebd7a833abe | 31,016 |
English ornithologist John Latham described the noisy miner four times in his 1801 work Supplementum Indicis Ornithologici , sive Systematis Ornithologiae , seemingly not knowing it was the same bird in each case : the chattering bee @-@ eater ( Merops garrulus ) , black @-@ headed grakle ( Gracula melanocephala ) , h... | f9609629032efebd8d960f8416c7446d | 31,018 |
In the early 20th century , Australian ornithologists started using the name Manorina melanocephala instead , because it was listed first by Latham in 1801 . This usage did not follow the letter of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature , and in 2009 the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature c... | 834db064fb386f2c054360539756005b | 31,019 |
The noisy miner is one of four species in the genus Manorina in the large family of honeyeaters known as Meliphagidae , the other three being the black @-@ eared miner ( M. melanotis ) , the yellow @-@ throated miner ( M. flavigula ) , and the bell miner ( M. melanophrys ) . One of the most obvious characteristics of ... | 234e281d84729b39b3dd3cb8501876e9 | 31,020 |
= = Description = =
| 7096d9cc91723f919ab4f5acdab6bccb | 31,022 |
= = = Appearance = = =
| e6e54df5ec8733b6865ccf24735b56e4 | 31,025 |
The noisy miner is a large honeyeater , 24 – 28 centimetres ( 9 @.@ 4 – 11 @.@ 0 in ) in length , with a wingspan of 36 – 45 centimetres ( 14 – 18 in ) , and weighing 70 – 80 grams ( 2 @.@ 5 – 2 @.@ 8 oz ) . Male , female and juvenile birds all have similar plumage : grey on the back and tail and on the breast , and o... | 397cbdcd666910c4e859cd486707c97d | 31,027 |
The noisy miner is similar in appearance to the yellow @-@ throated miner and the black @-@ eared miner ; it has a dull white forehead and a black crown , while the others have grey heads .
| 0a90e9b8e2c0796c868c7439ee67ce80 | 31,028 |
= = = = Geographical variations = = = =
| e2e8cf9798ea1227c863aa72124673ce | 31,030 |
Size variation in the noisy miner over its range follows Bergmann 's rule ; namely , birds tend to be larger where the climate is colder . Adults from central @-@ eastern and northern Queensland tend to have little or no olive @-@ yellow edging to the feathers of the back and wings , and have a wider white fringe on t... | 99d3ecd4933dd7ad0e05e5e5e46318c9 | 31,032 |
The far north Queensland subspecies titaniota has a shorter tail , paler crown , larger yellow skin patch , and paler upper parts without the yellow @-@ olive of the nominate race ; and lepidota , found in western New South Wales , is smaller than the nominate race with a black crown , and darker more mottled upperpar... | e32a032b526a37cfdd0ce65ddfce0542 | 31,033 |
= = = Vocalisations = = =
| 002ec88f128617937e98fc2e41a4c495 | 31,035 |
As the common name suggests , the noisy miner is an unusually vocal species . Previously known as the garrulous honeyeater , it has a large and varied repertoire of songs , calls , scoldings and alarms . Most are loud and penetrating , and consist of harsh single notes . It has two broad @-@ frequency alarm calls that... | 0ff104c56488fa66e095a2fe592945b4 | 31,037 |
Contact or social facilitation calls are low @-@ pitched sounds that carry long distances . ' Chip ' calls are given by individual birds when foraging , and a similar call is given by nestlings that call at an increased rate as the mother approaches the nest . Where there is a high level of social activity , such as d... | ff3d85f6d56b0879aae519146cd11e63 | 31,038 |
A nestling begins to give the ' chip ' call soon after it emerges from the egg , and it calls frequently for the first two thirds of the nestling period and constantly for the last third . The call does not vary in the presence of an adult at the nest , so it seems likely that the call is not directed at the adult bir... | 5b417c880b1531fe377c67e8261acd99 | 31,039 |
The noisy miner also produces non @-@ vocal sounds by clicking or snapping its bill , usually during antagonistic encounters with other bird species , or when mobbing a predator .
| 2a9c27bd048d05693e86c8b5fd0dbcf3 | 31,040 |
= = Distribution and habitat = =
| 9601e56467fdbcc8942e966c406b558c | 31,042 |
The noisy miner is endemic to eastern and south @-@ eastern Australia , occupying a broad arc from Far North Queensland where there are scattered populations , to New South Wales where it is widespread and common from the coast to a line from Angledool to Balranald , through Victoria into south @-@ eastern South Austr... | 33b0ef0690fa1d99f0b8f8252691ee39 | 31,044 |
The noisy miner primarily inhabits dry , open eucalypt forests without understory shrubs . It is commonly found in open sclerophyll forests , including those on coastal dunes or granite outcrops ; forests dominated by spotted gum on mountain ridges and exposed slopes ; box and ironbark forests on the foothills of the ... | 70e1d1064a9f805779375bf4c09e8d80 | 31,045 |
The noisy miner has benefited from the thinning of woodland on rural properties , heavy grazing that removes the understory , fragmentation of woodland that increases the percentage of edge habitat , and urban landscaping practices that increase open eucalypt environments . It has been described as a ' reverse keyston... | 43ca5b262cab3c9ef08d723c1ed24e27 | 31,046 |
While the range of the noisy miner has not significantly expanded , the density of the population within that range has substantially increased . High densities of noisy miners are regularly recorded in forests with thick understory in southern Queensland , 20 kilometres ( 12 mi ) or more from the forest / agricultura... | 83ab1e74c9da6e085e125261b8c978b9 | 31,047 |
= = Behaviour = =
| df9b5f830541117e20d118e6f494eb67 | 31,049 |
= = = Social organization = = =
| cc067bb383c37a97cdb50415d5c51f15 | 31,052 |
The noisy miner is a gregarious species , and the birds are rarely seen singly or in twos ; they forage , move and roost in colonies that can consist of several hundred birds
| 03d3605b354a5d5d34b76e765ecb5f62 | 31,054 |
Within a colony , a male bird will occupy an ' activity space ' , which will overlap with the activity spaces of other males . Males with overlapping activity spaces form associations called ' coteries ' , usually consisting of 10 to 25 birds . Coteries are the most stable unit within the colony . The birds also form ... | 8d0116337d7b5ebcd0fc773e467c7eb4 | 31,055 |
Looking after the young is communal , with males of the coterie bringing food to the nestlings and removing faecal sacs . Communal feeding increases after fledging , when males from nearby coteries may even bring food to the young birds if not driven off . Roosting is usually communal , with two to six adults and juve... | 7bff6f577d852c86cea85ce971bd8dea | 31,056 |
= = = = Flock behaviour = = = =
| bd42b3fe899649ebc1d794d200d50e30 | 31,058 |
The noisy miner engages in most activities in a group . Roosting , foraging , preening , bathing and dust @-@ bathing or anting are communal activities . Dawn song is a communal chorus , particularly during the breeding season . The communal interaction is facilitated by ritualised displays that have been categorised ... | aee5e151c9c67c8c7371e38bf1099339 | 31,060 |
Postural displays include tall and low poses , pointing , open bill , and wing waving . The ' tall posture ' is used when in close contact with another bird and is a mild threat . The bird holds itself upright with neck and legs stretched , and it faces the other bird . The ' low posture ' is a submissive gesture ; th... | 81179bbe31fd3032eeb31eead607630e | 31,061 |
Eye displays are made by exposing or covering the bare yellow patch behind the eye — when the feathers are completely sleeked the entire patch is visible , and when they are fluffed the patch is hidden . Eye displays are used in conjunction with postural displays , with the yellow patch fully displayed by dominant bir... | 4d0deb48ae6aa726db931aa63ac29575 | 31,062 |
On occasion early in the breeding season , mass displays erupt , where twenty or thirty birds perform the various wing @-@ spreading displays , short flights , and constant calling . Displaying birds are attacked by others , and groups of silent but agitated birds watch the interactions . Mass displays are more common... | 9a19f45dabcd291d9714326621a77c61 | 31,063 |
A ' corroboree ' ( from the word for a ceremonial meeting of Aboriginal Australians ) is a group display where birds converge on adjacent branches and simultaneously pose hunchbacked , giving wing @-@ waving and open @-@ bill displays and the yammer call . A corroboree occurs when birds meet after a change in the soci... | 41d42deafe72f3cb09518f8666aaea5a | 31,064 |
= = = = Antagonistic behaviour = = = =
| 8ccb82ac5ebe461f88cdcf30daebc439 | 31,066 |
Described as " always at war with others of the feathered kind " in early notes , the noisy miner is one of the most aggressive of the honeyeaters . Much of the activity within a noisy miner colony is antagonistic with chasing , pecking , fighting , scolding , and mobbing occurring frequently throughout the day . The ... | 0ee7a77068ed1f14a47ff5fed01850b1 | 31,068 |
Female noisy miners are aggressive towards each other , and one cause of a male @-@ biased sex @-@ ratio in colonies may be the females ' greater intolerance for each other , driving immatures out of the colony and preventing the immigration of new females . Aggression at the nest is common between males . Adult males... | 33dc114eba8e39a9e0a870e074b833ab | 31,069 |
The noisy miner colony unites to mob inter @-@ specific intruders and predators . The noisy miner will approach the threat closely and point , expose eye patches , and often bill @-@ snap . Five to fifteen birds will fly around the intruder , some birds diving at it and either pulling away or striking the intruder . T... | ca7af511acb198bdf5754b6dd1fb7bc1 | 31,070 |
Noisy miner attacks are not limited to chasing the intruder , and aggressive incidents often result in the death of the trespasser . Reports include those of two noisy miners repeatedly pecking a house sparrow ( Passer domesticus ) at the base of its skull and killing it in six minutes ; one noisy miner grasping a str... | 61cd0e2802ca9ca4ef98b57311251100 | 31,071 |
= = = = Response to threats = = = =
| c3e6ce97a92e749fc4feba292d3c3c8c | 31,073 |
Noisy miners make louder alarm calls in noisier sections of urban environments , such as main roads . The most common initial response to alarm calls is to stay in the area and scan for threats , rather than withdraw . A study conducted in Melbourne and a nearby rural area found that noisy miners in urban areas were l... | d8a61cd485f4c3540e143fe82008a74c | 31,075 |
= = = Feeding = = =
| d88e2b41c459aadc8c2adc8387d20655 | 31,077 |
The noisy miner primarily eats nectar , fruit and insects , and occasionally it feeds on small reptiles or amphibians . It is both arboreal and terrestrial , feeding in the canopy of trees and on trunks and branches and on the ground . It forages within the colony 's territory throughout the year , usually in groups o... | 000b16e58b522f384c25b459901035dc | 31,079 |
In a study of birds foraging in suburban gardens , the noisy miner was seen to spend more time in banksia , grevillea and eucalypt species , and when in flower , callistemon , than in other plants including exotics . Most time was spent gleaning the foliage of eucalypts , and noisy miners were significantly more abund... | 8e80db77884c8f3453ab357a97dc96b7 | 31,080 |
Detailed studies of the diet of the noisy miner record it eating a range of foods including : spiders ; insects ( leaf beetles , ladybirds , stink bugs , ants , moth and butterfly larvae ) ; nectar ( from Jacaranda mimosifolia , Erythrina variegata , Lagunaria patersonia , Callistemon salignus , Callistemon viminalis ... | 52e7030c5f4a21b160766f3c172ffb03 | 31,081 |
In the first study to demonstrate different learning techniques in a single species , the noisy miner was found to employ different cognitive strategies depending upon the resource it was foraging . When searching for nectar , which does not move but is readily depleted , the noisy miner uses a spatial memory @-@ base... | 4ee9e73f912d96df1e2a735f10dce792 | 31,082 |
= = = Breeding = = =
| 09ffd501c0b9ee904b27954a55df97e8 | 31,084 |
The noisy miner does not use a stereotyped courtship display ; displays can involve ' driving ' where the male jumps or flies at the female from 1 – 2 metres ( 3 @.@ 3 – 6 @.@ 6 ft ) away , and if she moves away he pursues her aggressively . The female may perform a ' bowed @-@ wing display ' where the wings and tail ... | 26f1df0c8c950c2c4b05935a05fa4d0d | 31,086 |
The noisy miner breeds all year long , with most activity from July through November , though the peak period is subject to seasonal variations with sharp peaks in laying activity when conditions are particularly favourable for raising young . The nest is built in prickly or leafy trees , and the noisy miner is often ... | d5d8b20168514c145dfbf4a60cfc7f60 | 31,087 |
Eggs vary greatly in size , shape and markings , but are generally elongated ovals ; white to cream or pinkish or buff coloured ; freckled , spotted or blotched with reddish brown to chestnut or a purplish red , sometimes with underlying markings of violet or purplish grey . The clutch consists of two to four eggs . I... | a6342a5df01152e0d4490433dd56e3dd | 31,088 |
The noisy miner has some of the largest group sizes of any communally breeding bird , with up to twenty males and one female attending a single brood . Only males help with a nest , and while many birds may be associated with a particular brood , some males devote all their time to a single nest , while others spread ... | 30fd885574751b5d49fb6994f20d9dde | 31,089 |
= = = = Nest predation = = = =
| 11933ef1f956befcc16fe30058a304ef | 31,091 |
Cooperative breeding has been described as a strategy for decreasing nest predation , although one study found no relationship between the number of helpers visiting a nest site and its success or failure . Noisy miners were seen to have a range of strategies to increase their breeding success including multiple brood... | 99736bd00a9ba325ca3ad3655aa47cbb | 31,093 |
= = Conservation status = =
| 78e8363d9b50f33935c5b47f5a55efcb | 31,095 |
Being abundant throughout its significant range , the noisy miner is considered of least concern for conservation , and its extreme population densities in some areas actually constitute a threat to other species . The strong correlation between the presence of noisy miners and the absence of avian diversity has been ... | 3c051c29c08bc5a280f969c129752ac2 | 31,097 |
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